Environmental Safeguard Monitoring Report
Project Number: 43281-013 Semestral Report January 2021
Nepal: Tanahu Hydropower Project
Prepared by Tanahu Hydropower Limited for the Government of Nepal and the Asian Development Bank.
This environmental safeguard monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report
Project No. 43281-13 Nepal: Tanahu Hydropower Project
SEMI ANNUAL REPORT (JULY – DECEMBER 2020)
Prepared by:
Tanahu Hydropower Limited - Environment and Social Management Unit (ESMU) for Asian Development Banks
Supported by:
ELC Electroconsult SPA. Italy, in association with GEOCE Consultants (P.) Ltd, Kathmandu, Consulting Services for Environment and Social Management Service Provider Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ADB Asian Development Bank AH/AP Affected Household / People CDC Compensation Determination (Fixation) Committee CDO Chief District Officer CDS Community Development Strategy CEMP Consolidated Environmental Management Plan CFOP Community Forest Management Plan CSP Community Support Programme DC Direct Current DFO Division Forest Office DoFSC Department of Forest and Soil Conservation EA Executing Agency EARF Environmental Assessment Regulation Framework EIB European Investment Bank EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EPR Environmental Protection Regulation ESMR Environmental and Social Monitoring Report ESMU Environmental and Social Management Unit ESMSP Environmental and Social Management Service Provider GESI Gender Equality and Social Inclusion GIS Geographic Information System GoN Government of Nepal GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism IEE Initial Environmental Examination IFB Invitation for Bids IPPF Indigenous People Planning Framework LCF Local Consultative Forum LPG Liquefied Propane Gas MAT Main Access Tunnel M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NCB National Competitive Bidding NEA Nepal Electricity Authority NGO Non-Governmental Organization NST Nepal Standard Time O&M Operation & Maintenance ONC Observation of Non-Compliance PAM Project Administration Manual PIC Project Information Center PPE Personal Protection Equipment PSC Project Supervision Consultant RIPP Resettlement and Indigenous People Plan SHC Sino Hydro Corporation SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SSMR Social Safeguard Monitoring Report THL Tanahu Hydropower Limited ToR Terms of Reference VDC Village Development Committee
Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
SELECTED UNITS
ha hectare kV Kilovolt km Kilometre km2 square kilometre masl meter above sea level GW Giga watt GWh Gigawatt hours MW Megawatt m Meter m2 (sqm) square meter m3 cubic meter 2 Ropani 508.74m
CURRENCY 1 NRs US $ 0.0085 1 US$ NRs 117.60 As of 31 December 2020
Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.1 BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION...... 1 1.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS ...... 3 1.3 PROJECT PROGRESS STATUS AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 3 1.4 NATIONAL LOCKDOWN & RESTRICTION OF MOBILITY IN CONNECTION WITH COVID-19 ...... 4 1.5 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR SAFEGUARDS IMPLEMENTATION ...... 5 2 STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE ...... 8
2.1 COMPLIANCE TO NATIONAL REGULATION ...... 8 2.2 COMPLIANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS FROM THE ADB LOAN AGREEMENT ...... 8 3 COMPLIANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 9 4 ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD MONITORING RESULTS ...... 10
4.1 COMPLIANCE MONITORING...... 10 4.2 EFFECTS MONITORING...... 15 4.3 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REPORTING ...... 21 5 PROGRESS IN THE PREPARATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS ...... 24
5.1 FISH CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 24 5.2 WATER RELEASE AND RIVER SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 26 5.3 FOREST AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 26 5.4 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND AWARENESS PLAN ...... 27 6 MEANINGFUL CONSULTATION AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS ...... 29 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 30
LIST OF TABLES Table 1 : Administrative Areas of the Project (Hydropower Components) ...... 1 Table 2: Key Features of Project ...... 2 Table 3: ESMSP Team of the Reported Six Month (July–December, 2020) ...... 6 Table 4: Compliance to National Regulations ...... 8 Table 5: Details of Site Inspections ...... 10 Table 6: ONC and Relevant Suggested Corrective Measures ...... 12 Table 7: Surveyed Springs ...... 16 Table 8: Water Quality Sampling Locations ...... 16 Table 9: Surface Water Quality Analysis (September 2020) ...... 17 Table 10: Surface Water Quality Analysis (December 2020) ...... 18 Table 11: Potable Water Quality Analysis ...... 18 Table 12: Air Quality Sampling Locations ...... 19 Table 13: Air Quality Sampling results ...... 19 Table 14: Noise Measurement Locations ...... 20 Table 15: Noise Measurement Results ...... 20 Table 16: Casualty Incidence during Reporting Period ...... 21 Table 17: Summary of Clinic Records during Reporting Period ...... 21 Table 18: Safety Meetings ...... 22 Table 19: Health and Safety Trainings ...... 22 Table 20: Health and Safety Inspections ...... 22 Table 21: Fish Station Investigated in December 2019 ...... 24 Table 22: List of Species Recorded ...... 25 Table 23: Species of Identified Land Snail Gastropods ...... 28 Table 24: Current Status of Grievances (As of December 2020) ...... 29
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Location Map of Tanahu Hydropower Project ...... 1 Figure 2: General Layout Plan of Project ...... 2 Figure 3: Project Area with Inundation Area ...... 3 Figure 4: Locations of Spring in the Project Area ...... 15 Figure 5: Water Sampling Locations ...... 17 Figure 6: Air Quality Sampling Locations ...... 19 Figure 7: Noise Measurement locations ...... 20 Figure 8: Biological and Chemical Stations ...... 25 Figure 9: Classification of Forests (as extracted from the Land Use) ...... 27 Figure 10: Some Butterflies Species Observed during Field Survey ...... 28
LIST OF ANNEXES
Annex 1: Project Implementation Schedule Annex 2: Status of Environmental Covenants from the ADB Loan Agreement Annex 3: Compliance to the Main Environmental Plans (as per Addendum EIA 2012) Annex 4: Compliance to the Specific Environmental Management Measures Annex 5: Weekly Non-compliance Tables Annex 6: Spring Survey Report Annex 7: Environmental Monitoring Report Annex 8: Table of Contents of the Environmental Management Plans Annex 9: Fish Monitoring Report Annex 10: Water Release and River Safety Management Progress Report Annex 11: Forest and Watershed Management Activities’ Report Annex 12: Wildlife Monitoring Report Annex 13: Photographs
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Executing Agency Tanahu Hydropower Limited (THL)- Hydropower Component Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA)- Transmission Line Component and Rural Electrification Component Implementing Agency THL – Hydropower Component and Transmission Line Component NEA- Rural Electrification Component Environment Safeguards As the EPR of Nepal, the hydropower component is under the schedule 2 Categorization requiring the EIA level of study. The transmission line and rural electrification components are under the Schedule 1 requiring the IEE level of study. As per the ADB Environmental Safeguard Categorization: the hydropower component is under the Category A for which the EIA was required, whereas the other components are under the Category B requiring only IEE. Environment Safeguards i. Hydropower Component : EIA, August 2009 Documentation EIA Addendum, December 2012 SEIA, 2017
ii. Transmission Line Component: IEE, August 2010 SIEE, August 2017
iii. RE Component: IEE ongoing Project Stage Obtained Package 1 Contract: Pre-Construction Package 2 Contract: Construction Transmission Line: Design/Construction RE: Construction Detailed Design Required Yes, by THL or NEA depending on component Post-Approval Major Contract(s) & Progress Package 2 (Powerhouse, Waterway & Related Equipment): After lifting up Status the national lockdown by the GoN from the end of July 2020, the Package 2 Contractor resumed the construction activities at the underground powerhouse, MAT, tailrace outlet, surge tank portal and access road on the lower right bank of Seti River following the COVID health and safety protocols. However, works on the warehouse and the tailrace outlet were suspended for three days during the Tihar festival.
Package 3 (220 KV DC Power Transmission Line): The Package 3 Contractor completed the foundation concreting of six DB-Towers, whereas the excavation of tower foundation on other four locations are underway. The raised chimney foundation design of DB Type Tower, the foundation design of DC type tower and raised chimney structural design of DC type tower have been approved by the PSC. The final cadastral survey report has been submitted to the PSC for approval and the tree counting work in Chitawan district was completed.
Rural Electrification: The rural electrification component is being implemented by the Project Management Directorate (PMD) of NEA. The Contract was awarded to M/S JV of East India and Waiba Construction on 15 December 2018.
The Contractor has erected 93 Nos. of steel telescopic pole (single arm) for 33 kV, 162 Nos. of 11m tubular pole (single arm), 27 Nos. of 11m tubular pole (H- structure) for 11 kV and 231 Nos. of 9m steel tubular pole for LT. The Contractor has completed stringing of 1.5 km 33 kV Line, 12.33 km 11 kV Line with ACSR conductor, 4.375 km LT line with ACSR Conductor and 13 km ABC cable of different sizes for LT Including the complete installation of 24 Nos. of stay set for LT and 137 Nos. of stay set for 11 KV. The construction works of switch yard at both Saranghat and Ghiring are under progress.
Bidding Document(s) Include EMP cleared by the ADB has been included in bidding documents of EMP Cleared by ADB hydropower, transmission line and RE components. Contract(s) Awarded Include The Contracts of Package 1, Package 3 and RE include the EMP as cleared by EMP Cleared by ADB the ADB. The Contract of Package 2 includes as well the EMP as cleared by the JICA.
Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (January – June 2020)
National Environment, Health As per the EPR amendment of GoN, the supplementary EIA/IEE is required for and Safety Clearance(s) the Project, if there is modification in the design. Obtained Accordingly, the Supplementary EIA of the hydropower component and the Supplemental IEE of the transmission line have been endorsed by the GoN. The IEE of the RE component is being carried out by NEA.
Contractor(s) Given Access The Contractors of Package 2, Package 3 and RE component have been to Site provided access to the project site. Construction Progress (%) Construction Progress of Package 2- 23% Construction Progress of Package 3- 28% Construction Progress of RE Component- 58%
Unanticipated Impacts The Contractors of both THL packages have submitted the Operational Health including Change of Scope or and Safety Plans to be implemented for preventing the spread of COVID-19. Design The random PCR tests of employees/staffs of THL, PSC, ESMSP and the Package 2 Contractor were conducted to assess the overall situation of COVID- 19 at the site and in THL's Kathmandu office. Altogether 485 PCR tests were conducted during September-December, of which 18 cases at site (THL, PSC and SHC) & 5 cases in THL's KTM office were found to be COVID-19 positive. The employees and workers with positive PCR results were kept either at home or in site isolation. The Employees/workers, with previous positive results, have resumed the works after confirming the negative PCR test results after fourteen days.
There have been changes in the scopes of the RE due to the changes in the line alignment and also due to the relocation of a sub-station. Number of Site Inspections Environmental inspection is being carried out weekly by the ESMSP from July and Audits Undertaken by 2020. Environment Safeguards Daily safety inspection is being carried out by the ESMSP from July, 2020 Staff in Reporting Period Monthly joint safety inspection of the Project is carried out by THL, PSC, SHC and ESMSP. Corrective Action Required 3 from Previous Reporting Period Outstanding Corrective 3 Action this Reporting Period Non-Compliances Recorded 7 this Reporting Period Corrective Action Required 10 Number of Health and Safety 1 Incidents GRM Functional Yes Total Number of Grievances 105 as of December 2020 Number of Grievances 63 Resolved as of December 2020 Number of Grievances under 35 Process Number of Grievances Out of 7 Scope Grievances referred to the A group of 32 affected people from the Paltyang representing as the "Directly ADB/EIB Inundation Affected People Collective Rights Protection Committee" and supported by the Indigenous Women’s Legal Awareness Group (INWOLAG and the Community Empowerment and Social Justice Network (CEMSOJ) filed a complaint to both the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the European Investment Bank (EIB) with a request of independent mediation process for resolving the compensation issues of land acquisition in the reservoir area. As the complaint was made eligible for problem solving, the Office of the Special Project Facilitator (OSPF) of the ADB and European Investment Bank
Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (January – June 2020)
Complaints Mechanism (EIB-CM) have proposed for a collaborative resolution process between the Complainants and THL for seeking the mutually acceptable and sustainable solution. No progress was achieved from the previous reporting period.
However, the ADB is expected to mobilize two independent experts in January 2021 to conduct the studies in respect of socio-economic status of indigenous people and land valuation so as to initiate the problem solving process.
Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1. Tanahu Hydropower Limited (THL) was established in 2012 as a subsidiary company of Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) to develop 140 MW Tanahu Hydropower Project ("the Project"), formerly known as Upper Seti Hydropower Project. 2. Tanahu Hydropower Project is located about 150km West of Kathmandu on Seti River near Damauli in Tanahu district of the Province 4 of Nepal. A location map of the project is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Location Map of Tanahu Hydropower Project 3. After the recent administrative reform of Nepal, the project area (hydropower generation) now covers two Municipalities (Byas and Bhimad) and two Rural Municipalities (Rishing and Myagde). The detail comparison of administrative units is shown in Table 1. Table 1 : Administrative Areas of the Project (Hydropower Components) SN Present Local Body Present Ward No. Previous Local Body (VDC and Ward No) 1 Vyas Municipality 5 Vyas Municipality, ward -7 2 Bhimad Municipality 5 Risingpokhari VDC-9, Majhkot VDC- 9, Samunbhagabatipur VDC-2 6 Bhimad VDC-1 3 Rising Rural Municipality 1 Kahushivapur VDC-3 6 Kotdarbar VDC-1 7 Kotdarbar VDC- 2 and 7 8 Risingranipokhari VDC-7and 8 4 Myagde Rural Municipality 1 JamuneBhanjyan VDC-1 2 JamuneBhanjyan VDC-4 and 5 3 JamuneBhanjyan VDC-6 4 Chhang VDC-2 and 4 5 Chhang VDC-7 and 8
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4. The Tanahu Hydropower Project is a storage type hydropower project with an installed capacity of 140 MW and an estimated average annual energy generation of 587.7 GWh (Years 1-10) and 489.9 GWh (Year 11 onwards). 5. The key features of the project are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2: Key Features of Project
Dam Concrete Gravity; 140 m high and 215 m Crest Length
Headrace Tunnel 1,162 m long; 7.4 Internal Diameter
Surge Shaft 61.5 m high; 28.0 m Internal Diameter
Underground Powerhouse 89m x 22m x 45m
Tailrace Tunnel 243 m
HM Equipment Four Spillway Gates (12.8m x 18.1m) Two Water Lowering Gates (3.8m x 3,8m) Two Flushing Gates (5m x 5m)
EM Equipment Two Units of Francis Turbines with maximum outputs of 71.8 MW each coupled with 3 phase synchronous generator with maximum output of 82.3 MVA
Transmission Line 220 kV DC of length 33.4 km to the connection with Martichowk- Bharatpur TL.
6. The general layout map of the project is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: General Layout Plan of Project 7. A storage reservoir is 25 km long with a total volume of 295 million m³. The area to be inundated by the project is shown in Figure 3.
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Figure 3: Project Area with Inundation Area
1.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS
8. All preparatory works under pre-construction activities have been completed with four separate NCB Contracts. The project comprises of the following major construction packages:
i. Package 1- Headworks ii. Package 2 – Waterway, Powerhouse and Related Equipment iii. Package 3 - 220 kV Transmission Line of the Project iv. RE Component
9. The Project has a Project Supervisory Consultant (PSC) with the overall responsibility of construction supervision and contract administration of the Project. PSC is recognized as the Engineer in the project implementation of both construction packages.
1.3 PROJECT PROGRESS STATUS AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
10. An updated overall schedule of project is presented in Annex 1. Although this schedule is self-explanatory, the status of the three phases of the project can be summarized as follows: Phase 1: Pre-Construction
11. All pre-construction activities of the project including camp facilities and access road have been completed. The compensation payment to the AP and the forest clearance process are underway. Phase 2: Construction
12. Package 1 Contract: Following the concurrence of the Technical Bid Evaluation Report (TBER) by the ADB and the subsequent approval by the THL Board, THL opened the price bids of two Bidders, whose technical bids were declared to be substantially responsive to the requirement of the bidding documents. The Bid Evaluation Committee (BEC) supported by the PSC completed the evaluation of price bids and the price Bid Evaluation Report (PBER) has been submitted to the ADB on 11 November 2020 for review and approval. After the further clarification and confirmation to ADB's queries on the PBER, the ADB provided concurrence to the PBER on 14 December 2020. Subsequently, upon approval 3 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
of the THL Board, THL has issued "Notice of Intention for Award of Contract" to all Bidders on 24 December 2020 with a standstill period of seven days so that any unsuccessful Bidder could challenge the proposed award. As no complaint was received from any Bidder, THL plans to invite the successful Bidder- Song Da Corporation, Vietnam and Kalika Construction (P) Limited, Nepal JV for the pre-award discussion before issuance of the Letter of Acceptance. 13. Package 2 Contract: After lifting up the national lockdown by the GoN from the end of July 2020, the Package 2 Contractor resumed the construction activities at the underground powerhouse, MAT, tailrace outlet, surge tank portal and access road on the lower right bank of Seti River following the COVID health and safety protocols. However, works on the warehouse and the tailrace outlet were suspended for three days during the Tihar festival. 14. Package 3 Contract: The Package 3 Contractor completed the foundation concreting of six DB-Towers, whereas the excavation of tower foundation on other four locations are underway. The raised chimney foundation design of DB Type Tower, the foundation design of DC type tower and raised chimney structural design of DC type tower have been approved by the PSC. The virtual Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) of the DC type tower and remaining quantity of DB type tower have been conducted, whereas the seventy percent of hardware fittings have been delivered to the site and the delivery completion certificate has been issued. The final cadastral survey report has been submitted to the PSC for approval and the tree counting work in Chitawan district was completed. 15. Rural Electrification: The rural electrification component is being implemented by the Project Management Directorate (PMD) of NEA. The Contract was awarded to M/S JV of East India and Waiba Construction on 15 December 2018. The Contractor has erected 93 Nos. of steel telescopic pole (single arm) for 33 kV, 162 Nos. of 11m tubular pole (single arm), 27 Nos. of 11m tubular pole (H-structure) for 11 kV and 231 Nos. of 9m steel tubular pole for LT. The Contractor has completed stringing of 1.5 km 33 kV Line, 12.33 km 11 kV Line with ACSR conductor, 4.375 km LT line with ACSR Conductor and 13 km ABC cable of different sizes for LT Including the complete installation of 24 Nos. of stay set for LT and 137 Nos. of stay set for 11 KV. The construction works of switch yard at both Saranghat and Ghiring are under progress. Phase 3: Operation
16. It covers the operation of the Tanahu hydropower plant and related project facilities including the training of THL operating engineers. This will include environmental and social M&E and implementation of corrective measures as required. The Phase 3 is scheduled for five (5) years including some overlaps with the Phase 2.
1.4 NATIONAL LOCKDOWN & RESTRICTION OF MOBILITY IN CONNECTION WITH COVID-19
17. After the lifting of the national lockdown by the GoN on15 July 2020, the Package 2 Contractor started remobilization of local workers to resume the construction activities at the site. All workers were kept in quarantine for a week after conducting the PCR tests at the site. However, with the nationwide increase in COVID positive cases, particularly in Kathmandu valley, the GoN again imposed the restriction on the mobility of people from 21 August 2020 for three weeks. Though the nationwide restriction again affected the remobilization of the required numbers of workers, the Package 2 Contractor resumed the major underground works under the Contract with the limited available workers. 18. After lifting of the nationwide restriction of mobility of people on 15 September 2020, both Package 2 and Package 3 Contractors mobilized the required numbers of workers to the sites. The random PCR tests of 485 employees/workers of THL, PSC, ESMSP and the Package 2 and 3 Contractors were conducted from September to December 2020, of which 18 cases at the site and 5 cases at THL's Kathmandu Office were found to be nCOVID-19 positive at the site. The employees and workers with positive PCR results were kept either at home or in site isolation until the test results came out to be negative. The Employees/workers, with previous positive results, have been engaged in the construction
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activities by both Package 2 and Package 3 Contractors following the Operational Health and Safety Plan as developed by the respective Contractors.
1.5 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR SAFEGUARDS IMPLEMENTATION
19. Tanahu Hydropower Limited (THL) is the executing agency (EA) of the Project and is responsible for implementing the hydropower and transmission line components. THL has established the Environmental and Social Safeguard Management Unit (ESMU) to address environmental and social safeguard issues. 20. Under the ESMU, an Environmental and Social Management Service Provider (ESMSP) is engaged from July 2019 to support THL on planning, preparing, implementing and monitoring environmental and social safeguard activities and measures. The ESMSP is working directly under ESMU, as the role of the ESMSP is not formally recognized under the construction contracts with the Contractors. 21. On 15 January 2020, an Amendment to Contract between ESMSP and THL was signed in order to include an International Social Safeguard Expert and an International Botanist/GIS Expert maintaining the total contract amount unchanged. The Deputy Team Leader/ Social Safeguard/ Community Development Specialist, Mr. Shiva Prasad Dhakal, joined the team from 15 September 2020, whereas the Civil Engineer Mr. Shyam Prasad Sharma joined the team from August 2020. 22. THL has appointed a Panel of Expert (POE) comprising of Dam Safety Expert, Environmental Expert and Social Safeguard Expert in December 2018 to seek advisory supports in dam safety aspects as well as in implementation of environmental and social safeguard activities. Due to the recent surging of COVID-19 in Nepal, THL has postponed the POE mission scheduled in September 2020 to the beginning of 2021. 23. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) undertook a virtual review mission on Loan 2990/Loan 2991–NEP from 17-27 November, 2020. The main objectives of the mission were to review the overall implementation status, the environment and social safeguard compliances and the progress on actions agreed during the last review mission. Except for the unavoidable severe delay in the conclusion of the Package 1 Contract, the mission noted the progress on other awarded Contracts of the project. It was agreed to meet the following deadlines to conclude the Contract of Package 1: Approval of Financial Bid Evaluation Report by ADB: 15 January 2021; and Procurement of Package 1: 28 February 2021. The mission requested THL to submit the (i) consolidated environmental impact assessment and environmental management plan, (ii) fisheries, forest and watershed, wildlife, and river safety and water release plans, (iii) approved contractor’s environmental management and health and safety plans as early as possible and to prioritize the resolution of pending issues related to safeguards (especially the complaints related to land acquisition). As the project is not likely to complete within its original closing period, it was advised that THL shall undertake the detail analysis of additional time and funds (if required) and discuss the outcomes with the Government of Nepal, ADB, EIB and JICA. 24. THL has appointed two external monitors, one on social safeguard and one on environmental safeguard since August 2020. But they have not yet conducted the first inception mission reporting due to the COVID restriction. It has been planned to start the assignment by January, 2021. 25. The international experts could not visit the site in Semester 2020 due to the Covid-19 travel restrictions. However, the international experts continued coordinating the activities of the national experts remotely. 26. The National Expert P-11 Personal Safety cum Risk Management Specialist has been mobilized to the site on full time basis. The Specialist carried out the following activities: Review and Comments on the Contractor's Health and Safety Plan;
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Preparation of Monthly Health and Safety Inspection Report starting from March 2020; and Daily inspection report in relation to Covid-19 prevention after monitoring in the camps and in the working areas.
27. The team composition of the ESMSP during the reporting period is shown in Table 3. Table 3: ESMSP Team of the Reported Six Month (July–December, 2020)
Id Name Position International Key Experts P-1 Ettore Romagnoli, Italian, Team Leader / Environmental Management Specialist P-2 Massimo Pascale, Italian, Fisheries Specialist P-4a Arianna Chines, Italian, Wildlife Specialist P-4b Giovanni Bacaro, Italian, Forest Management Specialist P-20 Paola Chiodi, Italian, Social Safeguard Specialist National Key Expert Position P-5 Shiva Prasad Dhakal Deputy Team Leader/ Social Safeguard/ Community Development Specialist P-6 Bhuban Poudel Management Information System and Monitoring & Evaluation Specialist P-10b Alok Poudel Fisheries Specialist P-11 Pradhyuman Aryal Personal Safety cum Risk Management Specialist P-12a Hari Narayan Mandal Forest Management Specialist P-12b Prem Bahadur Budha Wildlife Specialist P-16 Prakash Bhakta Shrestha Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Specialist P-18 Dipendra Shahi Livelihood and Skill development Specialist P-22 Ajay Mathema GIS Expert National Non key expert P-7 Upendra Phuyal Communication Consultation Specialist P-22 Niraj Pandey Assistance Environment officer P-23 Uttam Raj Neupane Public Relation Officer P-25 Shyam Prasad Sharma Civil Engineer
28. The team carried out also following activities in respect of environmental safeguards at the site: Regular inspection of construction sites and provision of corrective measures if any environmental non-compliances are recorded; Air, Water and Noise quality monitoring of construction site in 3rd and 4th quarter 2020; Springs monitoring in 2020 3rd and 4th quarter; G IS based map preparation of environmental survey locations, land use map of project site, project affected villages location map, topo-based project inundation area map; Regular inspection of first aid/medical facilities, clinic, P2 Contractors labour camp and blasting operation; Inspection of use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and safety measures by workers in the construction site; Monthly HSE inspection by Personal Safety Cum Risk Management Specialist; and HSE training provided to safety signal personnel in tail race and rock fall area.
29. On 11 March 2020, the ESMSP Lead consultant, ELC Electro-consult, Italy notified about the inability to make the site visits as planned due to travel restriction in and out from Italy since 08 March 2020. However, international experts continued supporting national experts from the home office during the reporting period in carrying out the planned activities, where possible, in conformity with the national lockdown imposed by the Government of Nepal starting from 24 March, 2020. Following the lifting of the national lockdown on 21 July 2020, the Contractor SHCL resumed construction
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activities with the residential workers available at the site. ESMSP continued health and safety inspections and prepared progress reports with the personnel present at site. 30. During the reporting period, the ESMSP continued mainly the planning activities, preparing several thematic reports necessary to develop the Fish Management Plan, the Water Release and River Safety Management Plan, the Wildlife Conservation and Awareness Management Plan and the Watershed/Forest Management Plan. The ESMSP team started elaborating the structure of the integrated social and environmental GIS Database, which will represent a fundamental tool to monitor the most of the environmental and social issues related to the project.
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2 STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE
2.1 COMPLIANCE TO NATIONAL REGULATION
31. As per the Environmental Protection Act, 1995 and the Environmental Protection Rules, 1997 of Nepal, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required for hydropower component and the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required for transmission line component of the project. A recent Amendment in 2017 of the Environmental Protection Rules requires the supplementary EIA/IEE in cases if certain project features are changed after the approval of the EIA/IEE. 32. The Government of Nepal (GoN) approved the EIA of Tanahu Hydropower Project in August 2009 and the IEE of 220 kV Transmission Line along Damauli- Bharatpur in June 2010. A supplementary EIA for hydropower component was prepared to amend the generation capacity, whereas a Supplementary IEE for transmission line was prepared to amend the forest data after realignment of the TL since its inception in 2009. Both the documents have been approved by the GoN. 33. The project has complied to all national regulation requirements as presented in Table 4. Table 4: Compliance to National Regulations Environmental Compliance Requirements under the Compliance Remarks Document Regulation or Agreement including any Status Environmental Clearances Required EIA of Hydropower EPR, 2054 of GoN complied Approval in Component August 2009 IEE of 220 kV Transmission EPR, 2054 of GoN complied Approval in Line Component June 2010 Supplemental EIA of EPR, 2054 (amendment 2073) complied Approval in Hydropower component October 2017 Supplementary IEE of 220 EPR, 2054 (amendment 2073) complied Approval in kV Transmission Line October 2017 Component
2.2 COMPLIANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANTS FROM THE ADB LOAN AGREEMENT
34. According to the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, the project is classified as category "A" with respect to environment. An EIA Addendum was prepared by ADB in 2012 to address the fish conservation, wildlife management, watershed management, water release and dam safety issues. The Consolidated EMP including the detailed management plans (Wildlife, Forestry and Watershed, Fisheries and Emergency Preparedness and Water Release) is being updated and will be submitted to the ADB for disclosure by the end of 2021. Excepting these outstanding plans, there has not been any major breach of environments covenant during the pre-construction phase, whereas THL is committed for complying to the loan covenants during the construction phase as well. 35. The status of environmental covenants from the ADB Loan agreement is presented in Annex 2.
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3 COMPLIANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 36. The compliance to the Environmental Management Plan refers to the present status of the EMP of the project. The Consolidated Environmental Management Plan (CEMP), as prepared by the ESMSP and under review by THL, will be submitted to the ADB by January 2021. The detailed management plans (Wildlife, Forestry and Watershed, Fisheries and Emergency Preparedness and Water Release), to be included in the CEMP are under preparation by the ESMSP and the draft versions will be submitted to THL by the fourth quarter of 2021. 37. The compliance to the main environmental plans is detailed in Annex 3, whereas the compliance to the specific environmental management measures during the reporting period is detailed in Annex 4.
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4 ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD MONITORING RESULTS
4.1 COMPLIANCE MONITORING
38. The Environmental Engineer and the Health and Safety Specialist regularly monitored the ongoing activities at the project site during the reporting period of July-December 2020. Regular environment site inspection, blasting inspections, first aid and medical facilities inspection and labor camp inspections were carried out all months during this period as presented in Annex 5. 39. No specific training on pollution control was conducted during the reporting period though environmental monitoring was carried out twice during this period. Air quality parameters were measured, which are within the acceptable limits of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. 40. The ESMSP has been carrying regular site inspection as detailed in Table 5. Table 5: Details of Site Inspections Date Location/s Visited EA, IA, Consultant Staff Participating Remarks 3rd July 2020 Power House Environmental Engineer Labour Camp Employers Camp 7th July 2020 Power House Environmental Engineer Labour Camp Issues identified are Access Way mentioned in Non- 12th July 2020 Power House Environmental Engineer compliance status 17th July 2020 Labour Camp Environmental Engineer report and the label of Mechanical Ward non- compliance is 20th July 2020 Power House Environmental Engineer ONC-I Access Road 24th July 2020 Labour Camp Environmental Engineer 27th July 2020 Power House Environmental Engineer 30th July 2020 Labour Camp Environmental Engineer 2nd August 2020 Power House Environmental Inspector Labour Camp Safety Specialist Mechanical Ward 5th August 2020 Power House Environmental Inspector 10th August 2020 Ware House Environmental Inspector Mechanical Ward Disposal Site 14th August 2020 Power House Environmental Inspector Issues identified are Surge tank mentioned in Non- 18th August 2020 Labour Camp Environmental Inspector compliance status 23rd August 2020 Surge Tank Environmental Inspector report and the label of Batching Plant non- compliance is 27th August 2020 Mechanical Ward Environmental Inspector ONC-II Power House Disposal Site Ware House 30th August Labour Camp Environmental Inspector Access Road Surge Tank Batching Plant 3rd September Power House Environmental Inspector Issues identified are 2020 Store Yard Safety Specialist mentioned in Non- Mechanical Ward compliance status Labour Camp report and the label of 6th September Power House Environmental Inspector non-compliance is 2020 ONC-III 10th September Batching Plant Environmental Inspector 2020 Mechanical Ward Store yard Warehouses 15th September Power House Environmental Inspector 2020 Store Yard Environmental Engineer Labour Camp Safety Specialist
10 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
Date Location/s Visited EA, IA, Consultant Staff Participating Remarks 20th September Batching Plant Environmental Inspector 2020 Mechanical Ward Store yard Issues identified are Warehouses mentioned in Non- 24th September Power House Environmental Inspector compliance status 2020 Store Yard report and the label of Labour Camp non- compliance is 30th September Labour Camp Environmental Inspector ONC-I 2020 Access Road Environmental Engineer Surge Tank Batching Plant 15th October 2020 Batching Plant Environmental Inspector Mechanical Ward Environmental Engineer Store yard Warehouses Labour Camp Issues identified are Dam site mentioned in Non- Contractors Camp compliance status 30th October 2020 Batching Plant Environmental Inspector report and the label of Mechanical Ward Safety Specialist non- compliance is Store yard ONC-I Warehouses Labour Camp Dam site Contractors Camp Surge Tank 3rd November Power House Environmental Inspector 2020 Store Yard Safety Specialist Mechanical Ward Labour Camp 6th November Power House Environmental Inspector 2020 10th November Batching Plant Environmental Inspector 2020 Mechanical Ward Store yard Warehouses Issues identified are 15th November Power House Environmental Inspector mentioned in Non- 2020 Store Yard Environmental Engineer compliance status Labour Camp Safety Specialist report and the label of 20th November Batching Plant Environmental Inspector non- compliance is 2020 Mechanical Ward ONC-I Store yard Warehouses 24th November Power House Environmental Inspector 2020 Store Yard Labour Camp 30th November Labour Camp Environmental Inspector 2020 Access Road Environmental Engineer Surge Tank Batching Plant 3rd December Power House Environmental Inspector 2020 Store Yard Safety Specialist Mechanical Ward Labour Camp 7th December Power House Environmental Inspector 2020 Issues identified are 10th December Batching Plant Environmental Inspector mentioned in Non- 2020 Mechanical Ward compliance status Store yard report and the label of Warehouses non- compliance is 15th December Power House Environmental Engineer ONC-I 2020 Store Yard Safety Specialist Labour Camp 20th December Batching Plant Environmental Engineer 2020 Mechanical Ward Store yard Warehouses
11 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
Date Location/s Visited EA, IA, Consultant Staff Participating Remarks 24th December Power House Environmental Inspector 2020 Store Yard Labour Camp 30th December Labour Camp Environmental Inspector 2020 Access Road Environmental Engineer Surge Tank Batching Plant
41. The ESMSP has been preparing ONC-III issues along with the corrective measures in every weekly site inspection. The outcomes of such activity including relevant corrective measures are summarized in Table 6. Table 6: ONC and Relevant Suggested Corrective Measures
SN Non-Compliances Corrective Measures Status Month: July Water sprinkling in roads Water should be sprinkled at appropriate time and Implemented at 2nd week not observed to control at least twice during day and peak time of vehicle 1 dust. flow. During rainy days water sprinkling believed to be not necessary. No adequate number bins Waste containers must be kept in required places. Verbal notice has been 2 in power house area. Numbers must be increased in all the construction provided but not sites and labor camp areas. implemented yet Absence of properly Labelled containers were not seen during this Implemented labelled waste containers in week’s inspection though it was present during 3 required languages. earlier inspections. Therefore, it must be reintroduced in all construction sites as soon as possible. Lack of proper sanitation Water and Sanitation Hygiene (WASH) Not Implemented 4 and personal hygiene in a awareness training should be provided at least labor camp. twice a year. Haphazard waste disposal. Waste containers must be provided and throw of Better than before, as a waste outside the dustbin must be strictly cleaner is provided by the 5 prohibited. Collection of waste by workers Contractor to clean themselves once a week could be a lesson surroundings and the towards these behavioral constraints. situation is satisfactory No timely collection of Still need to be Household waste must be collected at least once 6 household wastes and off- implemented a week by a licensed collector. site general refuse. Unsatisfactory general Haphazard throw of cigarette residues, chocolate Still need to be cleanliness of construction wrappers and other plastic waste must be implemented 7 sites and labour camp. controlled through awareness, strict rules and regulations. A cleaner if provided in a labor camp the cleanliness may improve. Personal Protective Implemented Equipment (PPE) provided 8 Use of PPE must be compulsory to all workers. to all workers but not using it on a regular basis. Accidental Spillage Not implemented waste 9 Response Plan It should be finalized as soon as possible. was not collected during this month Emergency Response Plan Health and Safety officer from contractor side is Implemented 10 asked to submit emergency response plan as soon as possible. 11 Chance Find Procedure No such chance find procedure drafted yet. Ongoing Month: August Water should be sprinkled at appropriate time and Implemented Water sprinkling in roads at least twice during day and peak time of vehicle 1 not observed to control flow. During rainy days water sprinkling believed dust. to be not necessary. Waste containers must be kept in required places. Implemented No adequate number bins 2 Numbers must be increased in all the construction in power house area. sites and labor camp areas.
12 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
Labelled containers were not seen during this Not Implemented Absence of properly week’s inspection though it was present during 3 labelled waste containers in earlier inspections. Therefore, it must be required languages. reintroduced in all construction sites as soon as possible. Lack of proper sanitation Water and Sanitation Hygiene (WASH) Not Implemented 4 and personal hygiene in a awareness training should be provided at least labor camp. twice a year. Waste containers must be provided and throw of Not Implemented waste outside the dustbin must be strictly 5 Haphazard waste disposal. prohibited. Collection of waste by workers themselves once a week could be a lesson towards these behavioral constraints. No timely collection of Not implemented Household waste must be collected at least once 6 household wastes and off- a week by a licensed collector. site general refuse. Haphazard throw of cigarette residues, chocolate Not implemented Unsatisfactory general wrappers and other plastic waste must be 7 cleanliness of construction controlled through awareness, strict rules and sites and labour camp. regulations. A cleaner if provided in a labor camp the cleanliness may improve. Personal Protective Not implemented Equipment (PPE) provided 8 Use of PPE must be compulsory to all workers. to all workers but not using it on a regular basis. Accidental Spillage Not implemented 9 It should be finalized as soon as possible. Response Plan 10 Chance Find Procedure No such chance find procedure drafted yet. Ongoing
Month: September Waste containers must be kept in required places. No adequate number bins 1 Numbers must be increased in all the construction Not Implemented in power house area. sites and labor camp areas. Labelled containers were not seen during this Absence of properly week’s inspection though it was present during 2 labelled waste containers in earlier inspections. Therefore, it must be Not Implemented required languages. reintroduced in all construction sites as soon as possible. Lack of proper sanitation Water and Sanitation Hygiene (WASH) 3 and personal hygiene in a awareness training should be provided at least Not Implemented labor camp. twice a year. Waste containers must be provided and throw of waste outside the dustbin must be strictly 4 Haphazard waste disposal. prohibited. Collection of waste by workers Not Implemented themselves once a week could be a lesson towards these behavioral constraints. No timely collection of Household waste must be collected at least once 5 household wastes and off- Implemented a week by a licensed collector. site general refuse. Haphazard throw of cigarette residues, chocolate Unsatisfactory general wrappers and other plastic waste must be 6 cleanliness of construction controlled through awareness, strict rules and Not Implemented sites and labour camp. regulations. A cleaner if provided in a labor camp the cleanliness may improve. Objectionable materials Not Implemented A close container must be provided so that they 7 thrown nearby river at store can store all wastes before collection. New issue that reached yard area. NCR1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) provided 8 Use of PPE must be compulsory to all workers. Implemented to all workers but not using it on a regular basis. Accidental Spillage 9 It should be finalized as soon as possible. Ongoing Response Plan Health and Safety officer from contractor side is 10 Emergency Response Plan asked to submit emergency response plan as Ongoing soon as possible. 11 Chance Find Procedure No such chance find procedure drafted yet. Ongoing
13 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
Month: October Lack of proper sanitation Water and Sanitation Hygiene (WASH) 1 and personal hygiene in a awareness training should be provided at least Not Implemented labor camp. twice a year. Health and Safety officer from contractor side is 2 Emergency Response Plan asked to submit emergency response plan as Ongoing soon as possible. Objectionable materials A close container must be provided so that they 3 thrown nearby river at store Not Implemented. can store all wastes before collection. yard area. Waste containers must be kept in required places. No adequate number bins 4 Numbers must be increased in all the construction Not Implemented in power house area. sites and labor camp areas. Labelled containers were not seen during this Absence of properly week’s inspection though it was present during 5 labelled waste containers in earlier inspections. Therefore, it must be Not Implemented required languages. reintroduced in all construction sites as soon as possible. Month: November Waste containers must be kept in required places. No adequate number bins 1 Numbers must be increased in all the construction Not Implemented in power house area. sites and labor camp areas. Labelled containers were not seen during this Absence of properly week’s inspection though it was present during Implemented but are 2 labelled waste containers in earlier inspections. Therefore, it must be labelled only in English required languages. reintroduced in all construction sites as soon as and Chinese Language. possible. Lack of proper sanitation Water and Sanitation Hygiene (WASH) Not Implemented. No 3 and personal hygiene in a awareness training should be provided at least such training provided labor camp. twice a year. yet. Waste containers must be provided and throw of Not Implemented. Must waste outside the dustbin must be strictly be provided a container 4 Haphazard waste disposal. prohibited. Collection of waste by workers so that collection id themselves once a week could be a lesson proper. towards these behavioral constraints. No timely collection of Household waste must be collected at least once 5 household wastes and off- Implemented a week by a licensed collector. site general refuse. Haphazard throw of cigarette residues, chocolate Implemented. Unsatisfactory general wrappers and other plastic waste must be A cleaner is provided so 6 cleanliness of construction controlled through awareness, strict rules and labor camp looks clean sites and labour camp. regulations. A cleaner if provided in a labor camp this month. the cleanliness may improve. Objectionable materials A close container must be provided so that they 7 thrown nearby river at store Not Implemented. can store all wastes before collection. yard area. Lack of filters for safe drinking water at Filters must be provided or at least Aqua guard 8 construction sites. Workers Not Implemented yet. must be installed. are demanding for a safe drinking water. Daily hand wash soap and Hand wash and sanitizers must be provided in all 9 sanitizers not provided to Not Implemented yet. construction yards of the project. workers. Month: December Waste containers must be kept in required places. No adequate number bins 1 Numbers must be increased in all the construction Implemented in power house area. sites and labor camp areas. Labelled containers were not seen during this Absence of properly week’s inspection though it was present during Implemented but are 2 labelled waste containers in earlier inspections. Therefore, it must be labelled only in English required languages. reintroduced in all construction sites as soon as and Chinese Language. possible. Lack of proper sanitation Water and Sanitation Hygiene (WASH) Not Implemented. No 3 and personal hygiene in awareness training should be provided at least such training provided labor camp. twice a year. yet.
14 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
Waste containers must be provided and throw of Not Implemented. Must waste outside the dustbin must be strictly be provided a container 4 Haphazard waste disposal. prohibited. Collection of waste by workers so that collection id themselves once a week could be a lesson proper. towards these behavioral constraints. Objectionable materials A close container must be provided so that they 5 thrown nearby river at store Not Implemented. can store all wastes before collection. yard area. Lack of filters for safe drinking water at Filters must be provided or at least Aqua guard 6 construction sites. Workers Not Implemented yet. must be installed. are demanding for a safe drinking water. Daily hand wash soap and Hand wash and sanitizers must be provided in all 7 sanitizers not provided to Not Implemented yet. construction yards of the project. workers. Management of Mocking No mixing to the nearby river and must be stored 8 Implemented materials in designated place. 9 Burning of waste Must be strictly prohibited in and around the site Not implemented Information and safety Information boards and safety caution boards caution boards must be 10 without appropriate meaning must be replaced Not Implemented written and displayed in with a board that has a proper meaning. meaningful way.
4.2 EFFECTS MONITORING
42. During the reporting period effects monitoring campaigns on springs, noise, water and air quality were carried out. The results are reported below in brief. 43. Springs, used by the local residents for household purposes, are widespread in the project area as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4: Locations of Spring in the Project Area 44. Spring water in most of the communities is collected in a reservoir tank and is
15 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
distributed through pipeline. According to the information gathered during the survey, the supply of water is limited to 1.5-2 hours in the morning only in the uphill villages like Chhap, Dharapani and Samibhanjyang. The spring resources located in Belbas, Malinga and Jaruwa have higher discharge rate compared to other locations. The details of surveyed springs are shown in Table 7, whereas the preliminary Spring Survey Report is presented in Annex 6. Table 7: Surveyed Springs
Coordinates (UTM 45N) Owner Discharge Type/Uses of Water Beneficiary No. Location Communit Rate East (X) North (Y) Elevation Source Household (masl) y (l/min) 20 Dam site 230171,2 3095712 268 Spring/Drinking and HH Beteni 15 30.02 21 Beteni 230256,1 3096864 310 Spring/Drinking and HH Beteni - 10.08 22 Beteni 227625 3098509 354 Spring/Drinking and HH Beteni - 9.1 23 Bhanjyang 231219,4 3095910 436 Spring/Drinking and HH Bhanjyang 6 5.91 24 Dharapani 231325,1 3095354 492 Tap Water/Drinking Dharapani 20 4.66 25 Malinga 231470,3 3095683 378 Tap Water/Drinking Malinga 24 9.375 26 Jaruwa 232087,6 3095104 258 Spring/Drinking and HH Jhaputar 31 22.81 27 Belbas 232494,9 3095705 267 Spring fed River/HH Belbas - 0.66m3/s 28 Belbas 232174,3 3095900 251 Tap Water/Drinking Belbas 25.53 29 Chhap 230968,6 3094386 962 Tap Water/Drinking Chhap 4 5.1 30 Chhap 230907,8 3094309 943 Tap Water/Drinking Chhap 5 7.3 31 Chhap 230916,4 3094254 951 Tap Water/Drinking Chhap 3 8.9 Note: The numbers of beneficiary household may differ because these sources are not the major source of drinking water in these areas so people have the multiple options to fetch water depending on their time. Code 21 is the source of spring water that is listed here for the first time by the spring surveyor.
45. Water quality assessment was conducted at 18 locations as shown in Table 8 below. 15 samples were collected from rivers (W-1 to W-15 indicated in Figure 5), whereas 3 samples were collected inside the project’s camps in two sampling campaigns (September and December 2020). Table 8: Water Quality Sampling Locations
Sample No. Locations East (X) North (Y)
W-1 Dam site-up 229497,1 3094869,34 W-2 Dam site-down 230081,3 3094925,518 W-3 Spring source 230034 3094962,624 W-4 Madi river 231104,2 3096872,314 W-5 Madi-Seti confluence 231215,3 3096740,135 W-6 Behind the camp 231991,4 3095769,044 W-7 Labor camp 231998,8 3094761,536 W-8 Power house-up 231750,3 3094388,172 W-9 Power house-mid 231754,3 3093746,093 W-10 Power house-down 231922,2 3093227,587 W-11 Lima Khola 226678,2 3095158,269 W-12 Reservoir-2 (Tunibot) 222095,3 3095926,078 W-13 Reservoir-3 (Bandarkuna) 218946,1 3097656,981 W-14 Reservoir-4 (Wantang Khola) 215877,3 3097265,344 W-15 Reservoir-5 (Bhimad Bazar) 213518,6 3098233,524 P-1 Jar water inside the THL camp P-2 Tap water inside the THL camp P-3 Tap water inside Labour camp
16 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
Figure 5: Water Sampling Locations
46. The following water quality parameters sampled in September 2020 as shown in Table 9 and in December 2020 as shown in Table 10 were analyzed based on National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2062 and World Health Organization: pH, Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate, Sulphate, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Nitrogen, Fecal Coliform. The water quality parameters of all study sites are within the acceptable limits with the exception of turbidity and fecal coliforms as highlighted in the table, which are slightly above the national and WHO standards. These exceedances are not related to the project activities since such parameters are the same in the areas upstream and downstream the construction sites and are in line with the previous water monitoring campaign. Table 9: Surface Water Quality Analysis (September 2020)
Param. W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 Standard pH 7 7 7.1 6.9 7 6.9 6.9 7 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 7 7.1 6.5-8.5* Turbidity (NTU) 10 12 18 5 6 11 11 12 11 12 15 11 8 9 13 5 (10)* EC (µS/cm) 330 307 303 226 261 325 340 281 285 287 318 316 424 309 302 1500* Temp. (°C) 23.1 23 22,.9 23.4 23.2 23.3 23.3 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.2 23.1 23.1 23.2 23.2 - DO (mg/l) 9 9.1 9 8.5 9.2 9.8 9.7 8.8 8.7 8.7 8 8.1 8.1 7.9 7.8 >5 BOD (mg/l) 6 6 6 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 <30 COD (mg/l) 15 15 15 16 15.7 15.5 15.7 15.7 16 15.7 15.3 15.3 15.3 15.3 15.3 <250 Ammonia (mg/l) 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.5* Nitrate (mg/l) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.14 0.2 0.1 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 50* Nitrite (mg/l) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3** Phosphate (mg/l) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 - Sulphate (mg/l) 0.8 0.8 0.8 1 0.9 0.7 0.7 1 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 250* TSS 7.1 7.1 7.1 10 9.9 9.1 9 9.2 9.2 9.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.2 - Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 3.8 3.8 3.8 5 4.9 4.8 4.7 5.9 5.8 5.8 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 - Fecal Coliform 6 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 0* (MPN/100 ml) *NDWQS: National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2062; ** WHO GV: World Health Organization Guideline Value, 2006 17 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
Table 10: Surface Water Quality Analysis (December 2020) Param. W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 Standard pH 7 7.1 7.1 7 7 7 7.1 7.1 7 7.1 7.1 7 7.1 7.1 7 6.5-8.5* Turbidity (NTU) 12 8 7 5 5 5 5 6 8 6 6 5 7 14 9 5 (10)* EC (µS/cm) 320 320 320 160 210 280 270 250 250 250 320 310 330 330 320 1500* Temp. (°C) 15.4 15.3 15.2 15.7 15.9 16.4 16.5 15.8 15.7 15.9 20.8 21 23.9 20.1 19.4 - DO (mg/l) 9.5 9.2 9.6 9.9 10.5 8.5 9.2 8.5 8.6 8.5 11.9 12.1 11 10.8 10.6 >5 BOD (mg/l) 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.7 5.4 6.5 6.6 7 7.1 7.2 5.4 5.9 5.3 5.4 5.5 <30 COD (mg/l) 15.8 15.8 15.9 15.7 14.8 16.8 15.4 16.9 16.8 16.9 14.1 14 14.1 14.5 14.9 <250 Ammonia (mg/l) 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.5* Nitrate (mg/l) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 50* Nitrite (mg/l) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3** Phosphate (mg/l) 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 - Sulphate (mg/l) 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.8 1 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 250* TSS 10.5 7.4 7.1 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.9 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 11.1 8.5 - Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.5 5.8 5.4 5.9 5.8 5.1 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.1 5 5.6 - Fecal Coliform 0* (MPN/100 ml) 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 6 0 0 2 11 2 *NDWQS: National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2062; ** WHO GV: World Health Organization Guideline Value, 2006
47. Water quality monitoring also included the potable water supplied to the construction work camps and work sites as shown in Table 11. The water quality parameters of all the potable water samples are within the acceptable limit with the exception of total coliforms as highlighted in the table, which are above the national and WHO standards. Even if samples collected in December 2020 show a significant improvement compared to the ones collected in September, further remedial measures, to be discussed with THL and the Contractor, are required to comply with the standards. Table 11: Potable Water Quality Analysis
Parameters P1 P2 P3 NDWQS Sep. 2020 Dec. 2020 Sep. 2020 Dec. 2020 Sep. 2020 Dec. 2020 pH 7 7 7.2 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.5-8.5* Turbidity (NTU) 1 <1 1 <1 1 <1 5 (10)* TDS /mg/l) 9 10 240 260 260 290 1000* EC (µS/cm) 20 20 490 440 500 510 1500* Temp. (°C) 23.4 16.5 23.5 16.4 23.5 16.3 - DO (mg/l) 6.9 7.2 7.8 8 7.4 8.5 >5 BOD (mg/l) 0.5 0.5 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.5 <30 COD (mg/l) 0.95 1 5.90 5.6 6.40 6.7 <250 Ammonia (mg/l) 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.5* Nitrate (mg/l) 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 50* Nitrite (mg/l) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3** Phosphate (mg/l) 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.1 - Sulphate (mg/l) 1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 250* TSS (mg/l) 2.3 1.9 2.5 2 2.4 2.1 - Total Nitrogen (mg/l) 1 0.9 1.2 1 1.2 1.1 - Oil and grease (mg/l) 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 <10 Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) 10 2 15 4 13 4 0* Faecal Coliform (MPN/100 ml) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0* *NDWQS: National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2062; ** WHO GV: World Health Organization Guideline Value, 2006 48. Air quality sampling were collected in four locations as shown in Table 12 and in Figure 6, and the relevant results are shown in Table 13. All the air quality parameters are within the acceptable limits according to the National Thresholds, but Particulate Matter (both PM10 and PM2.5) values are above the WHO limits. Remedial measures to comply with the WHO standards are recommended to the Contractor.
18 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
Table 12: Air Quality Sampling Locations
Sample No. Locations East (X) North (Y) A-1 Dam site 230216,003 3095302,803 A-2 Camp site 231580,597 3096527,955 A-3 Power house 231778,873 3095790,317 A-4 Settlement area 231682,841 3094198,537
Figure 6: Air Quality Sampling Locations
Table 13: Air Quality Sampling results A1 A2 A3 A4 Standard Parameters Unit Sep Dec Sep Dec Sep Dec Sep Dec WHO Nat. 3 Particulate matter (PM2.5) µg/m 26.5 36.6 24 35.9 39.6 37.8 33.8 39 25 40
3 Particulate matter (PM10) µg/m 54 65.3 56 64.1 92 66.9 80 70.5 50 120
3 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) µg/m 2.9 3 1.9 3.8 4.2 3.9 2 2.9 200 80
3 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) µg/m 3.5 3.7 2.2 4.5 5 4.7 2.7 3.1 20 70 Total suspended particle 120- µg/m3 135.1 180.2 140 165.1 192 185 183.7 190.2 230 (TSP) 230 49. Noise measurements were collected in five locations as shown in Table 14 and in Figure 7. The relevant results are shown in Table 15, whereas the values exceeding the National and WHO standards are highlighted in yellow color. The noise level measurements show that the dam site is presently quiet with an average recorded noise within the standards. The measurements of noise level in the other locations exceeded the relevant noise thresholds significantly at the camp site due to some on- going drilling activities and at the settlement and slightly at the powerhouse and batching plant. THL-ESMU/ESMSP had instructed the Contractor to ensure that noise levels would maintained within the WHO guidelines at the residential areas exploring 19 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
the possible measures. For noise levels exceeding 80 dBA at the construction sites, exceed 80dBA, the workers will be provided with hearing protection to protect their aural health. Figure 7: Noise Measurement locations
Table 14: Noise Measurement Locations Sample No. Locations East (X) North (Y) N-1 Dam site 230081,2729 3094925,518 N-2 Camp site 231885,5585 3095793,278 N-3 Power house 231636,581 3094332,794 N-4 Settlement 231567,2567 3096458,089 N-5 Batching Plant 231642,2232 3094352,692
Table 15: Noise Measurement Results
Standard (dB) Min. Max. Avg. Sample No. Date day/night Level of Hearing (dB) (dB) (dB) WHO Nepal Sep 43.5 67.9 55.7 Peace (50-60) N-1 70/70 70/70 Dec 42.9 76.8 59.8 Peace (50-60) Sep 38.2 62.3 50.3 Peace (50-60) N-2 45/55 45/55 Dec 82 98 90 Very high (90-100) Sep 86.9 99.5 93.2 Very high (90-100) N-3 70/70 70/70 Dec 68.2 89.6 78.9 Medium (70-80) Sep 58.6 80.9 70 Medium (70-80) N-4 45/55 45/55 Dec 62.8 81.1 71.9 Medium (70-80) Sep 80.6 98.7 90 Very high (90-100) N-5 70/70 70/70 Dec 62.7 80.8 71.7 Medium (70-80) The environmental monitoring report has been included in Annex 7.
20 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
4.3 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REPORTING
50. The Personal Safety and Risk Management Specialist was mobilized from 15 February 2020. The following inspection sheets were developed: Blasting operation inspection; Clinic and First Aid Facility inspections; and Labour camp inspection
51. Health and safety meetings with the Package 2 Contractor are carried out regularly. The site inspections are carried out jointly by the representatives from the ESMSP, THL, PSC and SHC. The summary of the casualty incidences is presented in Table 16 below. Table 16: Casualty Incidence during Reporting Period P2 No of Casualty Type Sub-Contractor Remarks Contractor Cases Fatal accident NO NO 0 Non-fatal Injury (Lost Time) NO NO 0 Rock fall and minor hit and cut injury during drilling. The Non-fatal Injury (Minor) YES NO 1 person was immediately sent to the clinic for first aid and medical assistance. Near-Miss NO NO 0 18 cases at the site and 5 cases at Kathmandu Office of Illness including COVID YES NO 23 THL. The affected people were cases isolated and provided medical assistance, as required. Other Incidents not related NO NO 0 to the project
52. The summary of clinical records during the reporting period is presented in Table 17 below. Table 17: Summary of Clinic Records during Reporting Period SN Description No of Patients Treated 1 Burn/Steam burn 2 2 Wound/ infection 3 3 Cut 13 4 Headache 7 5 Hypertension 3 6 Abdominal Pain 7 7 Joint Pain 6 8 Itching/ fungal infection/ring worm/Eczema 15 7 Diarrhoea 3 10 Fever 2 11 Mild cough 4 12 Eye pain/ pink eye/ eye itching/ foreign body in eye 14 13 Traumatic pain 1 14 Muscle pain/ Sprain 15 15 Tonsillitis 6 16 Common cold 8 17 Tooth ache 2 18 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection 3 19 Gastritis 8 21 Ear pain/infection 3 22 Pharyngitis 1 23 Skin Allergy 14 34 Abscess 4 Total 145 Note: Above table gives overall records not only during construction but also during off hours.
21 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
53. The summary of safety meetings during the reporting period is presented in Table 18 below. Table 18: Safety Meetings
SN Description Date Location No. of Attendees
In Front of Meeting – "Awareness Briefing Regarding October, 1 PSC Office 25 COVID 19" 2020 Ground Meeting discussion about “Precautions October In THL Office 2 measures in scenario of confirmed Corona case 7 2020 Meeting Hall here in THL Employers Camp”
54. The summary of health and safety trainings during the reporting period is presented in Table 19 below. Table 19: Health and Safety Trainings No. of SN Description Date Location Remarks Attendees 1 HSE Training 2nd Sep. Tail Race Slope Area 30 2 HSE Training 14th Sep Rock fall area on the way to 10 Rock fall area on the way to power house for signal men power house for signal men 3 HSE Training 1st Nov Tail race slope area 30 4 HSE Training 7th Nov Tail race slope area 5 Training provided to Safety Signal personnel.
55. The summary of health and safety inspections during the reporting period is presented in Table 20 below. Table 20: Health and Safety Inspections
No. of SN Description Date Location Attendees 1 Joint HSE Inspection – "Labour Camp and 30th July, 2020 P2 Contractor's Nepalese 4 Labours Facilities" in the presence of Labour Camp, ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Powerhouse Site Representatives 2 Joint HSE Inspection – "Clinic/First-Aid 29th July, 2020 P2 Contractor's 5 Station and Medical Facilities" in the Clinic/First-Aid Station, presence of THL, PSC, ESMSP and P2 Powerhouse Site Contractor's Representatives 3 Blasting Inspection/Observation THL, PSC, 30th July, 2020 Cable Tunnel 7 ESMSP, Nepal Army, Nepal Police and P2 Contractor's Representatives 4 Monthly HSE Inspection in the presence of 30th July, 2020 Overall Project Site 4 ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Representatives 5 Attend/Observed Rapid Diagnostic Test 2nd July, 2020 Warehouse 30 (RDT Test) 6 Attend/Observed Rapid Diagnostic Test 31st July, 2020 Warehouse 32 (RDT Test) 9 Joint HSE Inspection – "Labour Camp and 16th Aug, 2020 P2 Nepalese Labour 4 Labours Facilities" in the presence of, Camp ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Representatives 10 Joint HSE Inspection – "Clinic/First-Aid 17th Aug, 2020 Project Clinic 6 Station and Medical Facilities" in the presence of THL, PSC, ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Representatives 11 Monthly HSE Inspection in the presence of 17th Aug, 2020 Overall Project Site 6 ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Representatives 12 Attend/Observed Rapid Diagnostic Test 21st Aug, 2020 Warehouse 31 (RDT Test)
22 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
13 Blasting Inspection/Observation THL, PSC, 22nd Aug, 2020 Cable Tunnel 8 ESMSP, Nepal Army, Nepal Police and P2 Contractor's Representatives 14 Attend/Observed Polymerized Chain 29th Aug, 2020 P2 Nepalese labor camp 27 Reaction test (PCR test) 15 Joint HSE Inspection – "Clinic/First-Aid 26th Sep, 2020 Project Clinic 6 Station and Medical Facilities" in the presence of THL, PSC, ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Representatives 16 Joint HSE Inspection – "Labour Camp and 27th Sep, 2020 P2 Nepalese labor camp 4 Labours Facilities" in the presence of ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Representatives 17 Monthly HSE Inspection in the presence of 27th Sep, 2020 Overall Project Site 4 ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Representatives 18 Attend/Observed Polymerized Chain 14th Sep, 2020 P3 KEC Store yard 16 Reaction test (PCR test) 19 Joint PPE Inspection in the presence of 17th Sep, 2020 P3 KEC Store yard 5 TEG, ESMSP and P3 KEC Representative 20 Blasting Inspection/Observation THL, PSC, 27th Sep, 2020 Cable Tunnel 8 ESMSP, Nepal Army, Nepal Police and P2 Contractor's Representatives 21 Attend PCR test 6th Oct, 2020 Warehouse 28 22 Attend PCR test 10th Oct, 2020 Mechanical Workshop 233 23 Attend PCR test 17th Oct, 2020 Warehouse 12 24 Attend PCR test 20th Oct, 2020 Warehouse 6 25 Blasting Inspection/Observation THL, PSC, 6TH Oct Cable Tunnel 8 ESMSP, Nepal Army, Nepal Police and P2 Contractor's Representatives 26 Attend PCR test 1st Nov, 2020 Warehouse 76 27 Attend PCR test 7th Nov, 2020 Warehouse 16 28 Joint HSE Inspection – "Clinic/First-Aid 2nd Nov, 2020 Project Clinic 6 Station and Medical Facilities" in the presence of THL, PSC, ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Representatives 29 Blasting Inspection/Observation 4th Nov, 2020 Tail Race 8 THL,PSC,ESMSP, Nepal Army, Nepal Police and P2 Contractor's Representatives 30 Joint HSE Inspection – "Labour Camp and 9th Nov, 2020 P2 Nepalese labor camp 4 Labours Facilities" in the presence of ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Representatives 31 Monthly HSE Inspection in the presence of 9th Nov, 2020 Overall Project Site 6 ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Representatives 32 Joint HSE Inspection – "Labour Camp and 7th Dec, 2020 P2 Nepalese labor camp 4 Labours Facilities" in the presence of ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Representatives 33 Joint HSE Inspection – "Clinic/First-Aid 8th Dec, 2020 Project Clinic 6 Station and Medical Facilities" in the presence of THL, PSC, ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Representatives 34 Monthly HSE Inspection in the presence of 8th Dec, 2020 Overall Project Site 6 ESMSP and P2 Contractor's Representatives 35 Conduct Joint HSE inspection in the 29th Dec, 2020 P3 KEC Office, Store, 12 presence of THL, TEG, ESMSP and P3 Labours accommodation, KEC representatives. transmission line foundation and tower sites 36 Blasting Inspection/Observation THL, PSC, 14th Dec, 2020 Tail Race 8 ESMSP, Nepal Army, Nepal Police and P2 Contractor's Representatives 37 Blasting Inspection/Observation THL, PSC, 26th Dec, 2020 Surge Tank 8 ESMSP, Nepal Army, Nepal Police and P2 Contractor's Representatives 23 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
38 Blasting Inspection/Observation THL, PSC, 28th Dec, 2020 Main Access Tunnel 8 ESMSP, Nepal Army, Nepal Police and P2 (MAT) Contractor's Representatives 39 Blasting Inspection/Observation THL, PSC, 29th Dec, 2020 Surge Tank 8 ESMSP, Nepal Army, Nepal Police and P2 Contractor's Representatives 40 Blasting Inspection/Observation THL, PSC, 29th Dec, 2020 Tail Race 8 ESMSP, Nepal Army, Nepal Police and P2 Contractor's Representatives
5 PROGRESS IN THE PREPARATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS 56. In order to initiate the activities relevant to the development of specific plans namely Fish Conservation Management Plan, Forest and Watershed Management Plan, Wildlife Conservation and Awareness Plan and Water Release and River Safety Management Plan to mitigate the long terms impact caused by the project, the ESMSP has continued the relevant field surveys as much as possible, given the constraints due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, during the reporting period, the team prepared the Table of Contents of the relevant plans, specifying the expected relevant delivery dates as presented in Annex 8.
5.1 FISH CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN
57. Fourteen monitoring sites as described in Table 21, the same monitored in December 2019, were sampled in December 2020. In each site as shown in Figure 8, the fish monitoring has been executed through use of nets. 58. In the previous monitoring, the field electrofishing was used to sample the fish species. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation, the international expert could not be mobilized to bring the necessary equipment. Table 21: Fish Station Investigated in December 2019 S. No. River's Name Stat. No. Sampling station Elev. N. Lat. E. Long. Place 1 Seti River Seti 1 Up stream of Reservoir area 440 28.002891 84.051239 Myagde Khola confluence 2 Seti River Seti 2 Up stream of Reservoir area 425 27.591395 84.045915 Upstream of Bhimad Bridge 3 Seti River Seti 3 Up stream of Dam site 380 27.582687 84.053215 Bhimad
4 Seti River Seti 4 Up stream of Dam site 332 27.581648 84.082641 Bhimad
5 Seti River Seti 5 Downstream of Dam site 316 27.572997 84.154336 Damauli
6 Seti River Seti 6 Downstream of Dam site 310 27.575992 84.155649 Damauli
7 Seti River Seti 7 Below Seti-Madi confluence 302 27.57348 84.163237 Damauli
8 Seti River Seti 8 Belbas 27.560544 84.164266 Damauli
9 Seti River Seti 9 Sode 27.55111 84.17441 Damauli
10 Madi River Madi 1 Madi River Bridge 456 28.093498 84.130799 Ram Bazar
11 Madi River Madi 2 Madi River Bridge 401 28.064223 84.132264 Balyang
12 Madi River Madi 3 Madi River 331 28.025384 84.135507 Parajulibesi
13 Madi River Madi 4 Madi River Upstream of Madi 317 27.591379 84.151704 Baireni Bridge
14 Midim Khola Midim 1 Midim Khola Bridge 449 28.091625 84.133688 Kapurtar
24 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
Figure 8: Biological and Chemical Stations
.
59. Twenty five fish species as shown in Table 22 were recorded in December 2020 in 14 sites located in Seti River basin. Table 22: List of Species Recorded No. Scientific Name Local Name Number of stations MS PS 1 Acanthocobotis botia Gadela/Baghi 2 R LC 2 Barilius barila Faketa 4 R LC 3 Barilius bendelisis Faketa 12 R LC 4 Barilius barna Faketa 2 R LC 5 Barilius shacra Faketa 2 R LC 6 Botia almorhae Baghi/Baghuwa 1 R LC 7 Botia lohachata Baghi/Getu 1 R LC 8 Chagunius chagunio Gadhini 2 MD LC 9 Channa orientalis Garahi 1 R LC 10 Crossocheilus latius 1 R LC 11 Garra annandalei Buduna/Naktuwa 1 R LC 12 Garra gotyla Buduna 6 R LC 13 Glyptothorax pectinopterus Capre 1 R LC 14 Glyptothorax telchitta Telcapre 1 R LC 15 Mastacembelus armatus Chuchche Bam 1 R LC 16 Naziritor chelynoides Halundae/Ryangto 1 MD VU 17 Nemacheilus corica Rai Gadelo 5 R LC 18 Neolissochilus hexagonolepis Katle 6 MD NT 19 Paracanthocobitis botia Gadela/Baghi 5 R LC 20 Puntius conchonius Kavre / Chyabri 2 R LC 21 Puntius sophore Pothiya/Sidra 3 R LC 22 Puntius terio Pothi 5 R LC 23 Schistura savona Gadela 2 R LC 24 Schizothorax richardsonii BuchheAsla 2 R VU 25 Tor putitora Sahar 1 LD EN MS: Migratory Status: R: resident, MD: medium distance, LD: long distance; PS: Protected Status (IUCN) Species not recorded in comparison with the 2019 survey. Note: Scientific name based on recent book of Tej Kumar Shrestha (2019)
25 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
60. Most recorded species is Barilius bendelisis (12 sites), followed by Garra gotyla (6 sites) and Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (6 sites). Puntius terio and Nemacheilus corica were found in 5 sites and Barilius barila in 4 sites. Other species are rarer and, between them, Schizothorax richardsonii was found in two stations, Tor putitora was found in only one site. Between the six IUCN target species previously described in the Seti-Madi system and potentially present (Bagarius yarrelli, Labeo pangusia, Neolissichilus hexagonolepis, Schizothorax richardsonii, Tor putitora and Tor tor), only Neolissichilus hexagonolepis, Schizothorax richardsonii and Tor putitora were found. An important new IUCN species, Naziritor chelynoides (Tor chelynoides dark mahseer), was found in MADI 4. It is classified as Vulnerable (VU) species in global IUCN red list. N. chelynoides has not previously found in the Seti Basin. 61. A total of nine new fish species were recorded in 2020 monitoring in comparison to 2019 monitoring. However, six species found in 2019 monitoring were not found in 2020 monitoring. 62. The fish monitoring report is presented in Annex 9.
5.2 WATER RELEASE AND RIVER SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN
63. The first stage in the preparation of the Water Release and River Safety Management Plan is the development of the Dam Break Analysis. The draft report will be delivered by the end of January 2021, the advancement status is described in Annex 10. 64. A preliminary analysis shows several failure scenarios of the gravity dam. In the case of Tanahu dam, a dam body sliding scenario has been assumed, due to a sliding phenomenon between the base of the dam and the rock foundation. The assumptions refer only to the operation of the plant, with the reservoir at Full Supply Level = 415 masl. The probabilistic risk analysis shows that the greatest risk component derives from loading other than the MCE (Maximum Considered Earthquake PGA 0.39) that is often predictable with much greater confidence. The greatest risk could, therefore, come from a combination of normal operation conditions coupled with severe sliding of the gravity dam in earthquake conditions. The downstream propagation between the dam site and the border with India was carried out with a peak discharge of 79,978 m³/s, representative of the catastrophic event in conditions of dam break of the gravity dam. The dam break analysis for the construction and early impounding phase shall be carried out separately.
5.3 FOREST AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN
65. The field activities in the semester July - December 2020 related to the implementation of forest and vegetation monitoring activities were strongly impacted due to the travel restriction in connection to the spread of COVID-19. The imposed restriction did not allow the international and national experts to complete the planned field surveys. Nonetheless, the team of experts had the possibility to work for a clearer and more robust definition on the methodology to adopt for the future monitoring activities, as well as on defining methodological and reproducible standards for the field activities, starting from January 2021. Furthermore, monitoring activities have been performed on the site and in collaboration with the Division Forest Office. The list of the activities is reported below. 1) Implementation and analysis of cartographic data; 2) Establishment of a remote sensing-based monitoring system; 3) Definition of the standard protocol for vegetation sampling as shown in Figure 9; 4) Monitoring of the seedling production; 5) Status of Plantation activities; 6) Survey on the Transmission line; 7) Status of compensation for forest land; and
26 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
8) Budget Status. Figure 9: Classification of Forests (as extracted from the Land Use)
66. The activities for Forest and Watershed Management Plan during the reporting period is presented in Annex 11.
5.4 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND AWARENESS PLAN
67. The activities in the semester July - December 2020 related to the implementation of wildlife monitoring were stopped by the travel restriction due to the COVID-19. The restriction did not allow the international and national experts to complete the planned field surveys. In this period, butterflies data collected in July 2019 and January 2020 were analyzed and preliminary results are shown in Annex 12. 68. The survey allowed to identify following 32 butterfly species belong to the 6 Families as shown in Figure 10. 19 Species belonging to the Nymphalidae family (60%); 6 Species belonging to the Pieridae family (19%); 3 Species belonging to the Lycaenidae family (9%); 2 Species belonging to the Papilionidae family (6%); 1 Species belonging to the Hespiridae family (3%) 1 Species belonging to the Riodinidae family (3%)
27 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
Figure 10: Some Butterflies Species Observed during Field Survey
69. Most butterflies are common or very common and no species are included among the one classified at extinction risk according to the IUCN Red List. These preliminary results will be implemented with the next surveys, to be carried out in the spring (no data was collected in that season). Quantitative surveys will be carried out to obtain more information to define the Butterfly Status of conservation in different habitats of the study area. 70. Mollusks (as ecological and biodiversity indicators) were also collected and identified as shown in Table 23. Table 23: Species of Identified Land Snail Gastropods
SN Species Location of collection Abundance
Family: Cyclophoridae 1. Cyclophorus sp. T2 - Toonibote both side of the river bank Medium
Family: Ariophantidae 2. Bensonies nepalensis T2 - Toonibote, Rt. Bank of Seti river High
3. Cryptaustenia sp. T2 - Toonibote both side of the river bank Low
4. Khasiella sp. T2 -Toonibote Medium
5. Macrochlamys indica T2 - Toonibote Right side of the river Low
6. Macrochalmys cf subjecta T2- Toonibote Lt bank Low
Family: Glessulidae 7. Rishetia sp. Toonibote Lt. bank Very low
28 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
6 MEANINGFUL CONSULTATION AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS 71. The outcomes of the consultation process and grievance redress are extensively reported in the SSMR, whereas a synthesis is reported in Table 24, as some grievances are also related to environmental management issues. 72. Two grievances regarding environmental safeguard were of drainage management, have been addressed. Table 24: Current Status of Grievances (As of December 2020)
Grievances Demands
SN Category
the the
Total Not Not Total On On On On Process Initiated Process Initiated Completed Completed Out of scope scope of Out scope of Out
Up to Previous Reporting Period (Till JUNE, 2020) 1 Compensation for Assets 7 5 1 1 2 Compensation for Land 27 17 7 3 5 5 3 Compensation for Remaining 1 1 Land 4 Construction Work Damage 5 5 15 11 2 2
5 Livelihood Restoration 48 25 21 2 1 1 6 Environmental Damage 2 2
7 Replacement of Structures 11 8 3 4 2 2
8 Training Request 1 1
9 Community Health & Safety 9 3 2 4
10 Construction Work 8 2 6
11 Disruption of Access 1 1
12 Scholarship to Students of AHHs 3 3
13 Feasibility of Irrigation Scheme 3 3
Sub-Total 102 62 34 6 49 23 8 18
This Reporting Period (July – December 2020) Group Grievances mixed to 1 1 demands– 35 points *
Construction Work Water Supply 1 1 1 1 Road 1 1 2 2 Irrigation 1 1 Construction of Community 1 1 Building Construction of Vegetable 2 2 Market Center/ Shed for Plants& Herbs Skill Based Training 1 1
Sub-Total 3 1 1 1 8 8
Total 105 63 35 7 57 23 8 26
29 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report (July – December 2020)
7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 73. Tanahu Hydropower Project has entered into the construction phase after completion of the pre-construction works and subsequent mobilization of the Package 2 Contractor to the site. Though the Package 2 Contractor initiated the major construction works under the Contract after completion of site establishment works during the previous period, the site activities were affected due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 and the subsequent imposition of the national lockdown by the GoN. However, after the lifting of the national lockdown, the Contractor has resumed the major construction activities with the use of the residential workers and following the health and safety protocols of the GoN. 74. The ESMSP has updated the Consolidated EMP of the project with incorporation of both hydropower and transmission line components. 75. The project environmental performances refer to two groups of activities: Activities relevant to the development of specific plans namely Fish Conservation Management Plan, Forest and Watershed Management Plan, Wildlife Conservation and Awareness Plan and Water Release and River Safety Management Plan to mitigate the long terms impact caused by the project; and
Activities relevant to the mitigation and monitoring of the impacts caused by construction works, which require a constant monitoring of the contractor’s activities.
76. Regarding the environmental performances relevant to the development of the plans, the ESMSP with the support of THL, even with the current exceptional circumstance of the COVID-19, has developed the methodology to develop the required plans with the initiation of the necessary survey activities. During the reporting period, quantitative monitoring of the springs and further flora and fauna surveys have been carried out, whereas a second fish monitoring survey was completed under the Fish Conservation Management Plan. Upon the review and approval of the methodology by THL, the ESMSP shall focus on development of those plans during the next reporting period. 77. Referring to the monitoring of the ongoing construction works, the ESMSP has continued to monitor the construction activities and highlighted the identified non- compliances in addition to the daily health and safety inspection to comply with the required GON protocols.
30 | P a g e Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
ANNEXES
1 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
ANNEX 1: Project Implementation Schedule
2 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Annex 2: Status of Environmental Covenants from ADB Loan Agreement
SN Covenant Status of Compliance Actions
Para1. 1. The table attached to this Schedule sets forth Being complied with. Schedule 3 the Categories of items of expenditure to be As per PAM, the budget financed out of the proceeds of the Loan and under 4 D heading is the allocation of the Loan proceeds to each 3.9 million U S $. About such Category (“Table”). (Reference to 0.45 million has been “Category” in this Schedule is to a Category or spent. Subcategory of the Table.) 4D Safeguard Monitoring and Implementation Support; 2,537,000; 100% of total expenditure claimed* 5 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Costs of THL**; 17,111,000; 100% of total expenditure claimed* * Exclusive of taxes and duties imposed within the territory of the Borrower. ** Subject to reimbursement in accordance with procedures described in the PA Para 9. 2. NEA and THL shall recruit the individual Environmental Schedule 4 consultants for safeguards implementation and Safeguard and Social monitoring and for the panel of experts referred safeguard specialist wer to in Schedule 5 to this Loan Agreement in appointed by THL since accordance with procedures acceptable to ADB August 2020. But they for recruiting individual consultants. are yet to make inception reporting due to COVID restriction. They are expected to start their assignment by January 2021. Para 2. 3. NEA and THL shall employ sufficient staff for A list of project staff as Schedule 5 the duration of the Project with adequate and of December 2020 is relevant expertise in the field of project attached as Annex 3. management, financial management, Each PIC has 2 staffs. engineering, procurement, environmental and All 3 positions have social safeguards implementation. been fulfilled. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, no later than 30 April 2013, THL shall have recruited and employed at least two additional staff members for the project information centres established for the Project, and three additional staff members for social safeguards implementation, environmental safeguards implementation and communication respectively. NEA and THL shall ensure that all staffs employed for the Project are equipped with adequate office space, facilities, equipment, support staff and telecommunications and management information systems for the entire duration of the Project.
1 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Para 7. 4. The Borrower shall ensure, or cause NEA Partially complied with: Schedule 5 and THL to ensure, that the preparation, (a) complied design, construction, implementation, operation and decommissioning of the Project and all Project facilities comply with (a) all applicable laws and regulations of the Borrower relating to environment, health and (b) complied safety; (b) the Environmental Safeguards; and (c) being complied (c) all measures and requirements set forth in the EIA, the IEEs, the EMPs, and any corrective or preventative actions set forth in a Safeguards Monitoring Report. Para 8. 5. No later than 31 December 2017, the Belatedly complied with. Updating and Schedule 5 Borrower, THL and NEA shall establish a fish Baseline survey has deepening of the habitat as a biodiversity offset for endangered been carried out from endangered migratory migratory fish species identified in the EIA at July 2017 to June 2018. fish information is on- the Madi River and/or other areas that are going: the first fish suitable as a conservation area for the species. monitoring survey was No later than 31 December 2015, the Borrower, carried out in THL and NEA shall have constructed a fish December 2019. A hatchery for those migratory species and second fish monitoring henceforth operate the hatchery in a manner survey was carried out that safeguards the preservation of the species at the end of concerned in project areas affected by December 2020. Component A of the Project. Another survey was envisaged in march 2020, but was cancelled due to COVID restrictions and is expected to be resumed in April 2021. Conservation area will be identified in 2021. Possible sites for the for the fish hatchery have been identified in Fish Management Plan. ESMSP is updating this plan. Para 9. 6. The Borrower shall ensure, or cause NEA Complied/being Land acquisition Schedule 5 and THL to ensure, that all land and all rights- complied with. process has been of-way required for the Project are made completed in available to the Works contractor in accordance accordance with Land with the schedule agreed under the related Acquisition Act of Works contract and all land acquisition and Nepal. Compensation resettlement activities are implemented in have provided as the compliance with (a) all applicable laws and entitlement matrix of regulations of the Borrower relating to land UpRIPP. acquisition and involuntary resettlement; (b) the Out of 563 AHS Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards; (c) the (updated number), 516 RF; and (d) all measures and requirements set AHs have accepted the forth in the RIPP, and any corrective or compensation. Effort is preventative actions set forth in a Safeguards being made to convince Monitoring Report. the remaining AHs for agreeing compensation.
2 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Para 10. 7. Without limiting the application of the (a) Compensation has a) Compensation for TL Schedule 5 Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards or the been provided as per (new component) is RIPP, the Borrower shall ensure, or cause NEA the rate determined by yet to be paid. The and THL to ensure, that no physical or the CDC and Detail Measurement economic displacement takes place in entitlement matrix. survey is on connection with the Project until: Physical displacement progress of AHs is made when b) Skill training for (a) compensation and other entitlements have the land is actual additional 20 women been provided to affected people in required. In other word, is in progress accordance with the RIPP; and a many affected lands are comprehensive income and livelihood still being occupied by restoration program has been established in the affected people accordance with the RIPP. though they have already received compensation. People will vacate the land when it is required. (b). Skill development trainings have been imparted to 60 affected people. Further skilled development training will be provided in accordance with need assessment survey. Para 11. 8. The Borrower shall ensure, or cause NEA THL is abiding RIPP. Schedule 5 and THL to ensure, that the preparation, On indigenous people design, construction, implementation and (i) provided vulnerable operation of the Project and all Project facilities allowance comply with (a) all applicable laws and (ii) given priorities in regulations of the Borrower relating to skill development indigenous peoples; (b) the Indigenous Peoples training and Safeguards; (c) the IPPF; and (d) all measures employment in project and requirements set forth in the RIPP, and any activities corrective or preventative actions set forth in a (iii) translated some key Safeguards Monitoring Report. project documents in Magar language Para 12. 9. The Borrower shall make available or cause Complied/being Necessary budget has Schedule 5 NEA and THL to make available necessary complied with. been allocated. budgetary and human resources to fully implement the EMPs and the RIPP.
3 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Para 13. 10. The Borrower shall ensure or cause NEA Schedule 5 and THL to ensure that all bidding documents a. EMP of the different and contracts for Works contain provisions that project components require contractors to: (hydropower, transmission line a) comply with the measures relevant to the and rural contractor set forth in the EIA, the IEE, the electrification) is a EMPs and the RIPP (to the extent they part of bidding concern impacts on affected people during document of the construction), and any contractor which they have to b) corrective or preventative actions set forth consider while in aSafeguards Monitoring Report;make bidding. This available a budget for all such ensures environmental and social measures; implementation of c) provide NEA or THL (as applicable) with a EMP. However, written notice of any unanticipated compliance environmental, resettlement or indigenous monitoring is peoples risks or impacts that arise during required. The construction, implementation or operation of compliance status the Project that were not considered in the will be reported in EIA, the IEEs, the EMPs and the RIPP; Safeguard monitoring report. d) adequately record the condition of roads, agricultural land and other infrastructure b. To avail the prior to starting to transport materials and estimated budget of construction; and EMP is a responsibility of the e) Reinstate pathways, other local Proponent (i.e. infrastructure, and agricultural land to at THL/NEA). least their pre-project condition upon the completion of construction. c. Included in ESMR and SSMR. d. They are being maintained e. Reinstatement of the temporary land acquisition to pre- project condition is the part of contract agreement.
4 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Para 14. 11. The Borrower shall do the following, or Semi-annual Schedule 5 cause NEA and THL to do the following: (a) Revised ESMR safeguards monitoring (Jan-Jun 2019; Jul- reports are submitted (a) submit semi-annual Safeguards Monitoring Dec. 2019; Jan-Dec to ADB for review. Reports to ADB and disclose relevant 2020 were already information from such reports to affected submitted. The persons promptly upon submission; present is ESMR July-December, (b) if any unanticipated environmental and/or 2020 report. social risks and impacts arise during construction, implementation or operation of (b) There is no change the Project that were not considered in the in design as such. EIA, the IEEs, the EMPs and the RIPP, Supplemental EIA promptly inform ADB of the occurrence of of the hydropower such risks or impacts, with detailed description component was of the event and proposed corrective action carried out due to plan; increase in capacity of the Project from (c) no later than 30 June 2013, engage qualified 127 MW to 140 MW and experienced external experts or qualified which has been NGOs under a selection process and terms of already informed to reference acceptable to ADB, to verify ADB. information produced through the Project monitoring process, and facilitate the carrying (c) NGO has been out of any verification activities by such hired for the due external experts; and diligence of land acquisition. (d) Report any actual or potential breach of compliance with the measures and (d) As of December, requirements set forth in the EMPs or the 2020, there is no RIPP promptly after becoming aware of the such breach. breach. Para 15. 12. No later than 30 June 2013, THL shall have Advisory panel of 3 Schedule 5 engaged an independent advisory panel of experts is in place since experts to undertake monitoring and evaluation December 2017. First of dam safety as well as the environmental and report was already social safeguards activities planned and submitted. undertaken by THL under Component A of the Project. The Borrower and THL shall facilitate the carrying out of any additional monitoring activities required by such panel. THL shall ensure that the advisory panel (i) includes, at least, one social safeguard specialist, one environmental safeguard specialist and one dam safety expert; and (ii) reports on its activities and findings at least once a year during construction and initial operation of the Tanahu Hydropower Plant.
5 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Annex 3: Compliance to the Main Environmental Plans (as per Addendum EIA 2012) Item # Requirement Prior Corrective Compliance Remarks Action Status Fish Establish the hatchery The report Still on going The scheduled monitoring Conservation techniques. Field ofconsolidated activities necessary to Management Survey and environmental complete a baseline Plan identification of management plan analysis of the project hatchery site. has been reviewed area as per updated Fish Physical facility and updated in which Conservation and construction. Operation fish conservation Management Plan was hatchery. management plan is executed in December Distribution of included. 2020 with alternative fingerlings to the The ESMSP has monitoring technique (use reservoir. Hatchery ended the fish of nets) . capacity building. monitoring activities Due to COVID lockdown Experimentation with a in December 2020. the International Fish “catch-and- haul” Chapter 1, 3, 4 of the Expert could not reach program. updated and Nepal and carry the Habitat survey and documented Fish electrofishing equipment management. Conservation and If international Identification of Management plan is connections will be re- compensating fish ready, as per TOC established, the new habitat (offset) for schedule. survey scheduled in April protection. A report of the 2020 2021 will be executed Public awareness- monitoring field is with electrofishing and raising and education. ready. use of nets, to collect Fishing controls: First chemical more detailed data. establish a reporting monitoring field (in Likewise, a first trial of system for fishing the same fish the “Catch and haul” methods such as stations) has been system will be electrical fishing and/or implemented in implemented in 2021 dynamite fishing in the December 2020: pre-monsoon season, Madi and Seti basin. resulting data are contextually to the under investigation; it Water pollution control: monitoring field, using looks like only the check the river water one of the previously parameters tied to quality regularly and if individuated fish hatchery civil dumping any pollution is (Kali Gandaki/Pokhara) (coliforms) are off. detected, identify then for fish stocking, source and take action reproducing and rearing for them in cooperation with other agencies Biomass clearing of reservoir area before flooding will help address low oxygen concerns and methane production in reservoir; plan for reservoir clearance to be included in Forest Management Plan. Solid waste control: establish a reporting system of disposal of solid waste into the river or on the river bank. If any problems are detected, take action with other responsible organization. River bed mining control: patrol the Madi and Seti basin periodically and check. whether it might cause
1 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
serious effects on fish. Examine the technical feasibility of a “switchback” fish pass. Water Modelling of water level Modelling of water On going Water Release and River Release and changes and level changes and Safety Management Plan River Safety determination of safe determination of safe was attached to the Management water level rise rates water level rise rates CEMP. The ESMSP shall Plan Survey of downstream Survey of further elaborate the water users and critical downstream water plan. points along river. users and critical ESMSP submitted to Preparation of a points along river. THL a methodological Disaster and Preparation of a procedure to develop the Emergency Response Disaster and plan attached to the Plan. Design of Emergency previous ESMR and warning system. Response Plan. developed the Dam Design and Design of warning failure scenarios and implementation of a system. intends to submit the public awareness Design and Dam break report by the program. implementation of a end of January 2021 Technical assessment public awareness of equipment (e.g. program. types of lights and Technical sirens) options and assessment of preparation of river equipment (e.g. types safety program. of lights and sirens) Installation/testing of options and equipment. Prepare preparation of river and broadcast local safety program. radio programs and Installation/testing of disseminate equipment. Prepare information materials. and broadcast local Hold explanation radio programs and meetings. disseminate Operation and testing information materials. of water gauge plates, Hold explanation sirens, light posts; meetings. routine use. Design Operation and testing and construction of a of water gauge boulder field plates, sirens, light immediately below the posts; routine use. dam for aeration of Design and release water and construction of a suspension of boulder field sediments. immediately below Related monitoring of the dam for aeration effectiveness. Detail of release water and consultation with rafting suspension of associations and sediments. prepare mitigation Related monitoring of measures for any effectiveness. Detail potential impacts consultation with rafting associations and prepare mitigation measures for any potential impacts. Wildlife Wildlife survey. Wildlife Conservation Partially The ESMSP Wildlife Conservation Identification of and Awareness complied with - national experts carried and possible habitats. Management Plan still on going out a field survey to Awareness Environmentally sound was included in the confirm and detail the Management design of habitat Consolidated EMP. outcomes of the previous Plan access arrangements The ESMSP Wildlife survey on invertebrates (for example, experts in July2020. suspension bridges). (International and A second survey, to Animal encounter National) carried out acquire all the missing protocol (standing a first survey in information to adequately
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contract for animal January 2020, but elaborate the plan, rescue). the second one scheduled for April 2020, Coordination with scheduled for April was postponed due to forest management 2020, was the COVID lockdown. planning. postponed due to ESMSP is planning to Monitoring of the COVID resume the survey in effectiveness of lockdown. April 2021 if the COVID - measures. Public Once international 19 restrictions will allow awareness-raising and connections will be international travels. education re-established a new survey plan will be defined to acquire all the missing information to adequately elaborate the plan. The outcomes of the first wildlife survey are summarized in the previous semiannual ESMR The ESMSP wildlife international and national expert finalized the animal encounter protocol in January 2020 (see the previous semiannual ESMR).. Watershed/ Support to legal Watershed/Forest Stull on-going The team of experts Forest aspects of forest Management Plan developed a clearer and Management compensation. was attached to the more robust Plan Tree measurements in CEMP. methodology to adopt for the reservoir and other The ESMSP Forestry the future monitoring affected areas. experts (International activities and to Preparation of the and National) after a guarantee reproducible afforestation plan. Land site visit in July 2019, standards for the field acquisition for nursery. carried out the first activities, starting in Preparation of tree survey in January January 2021.A second cutting program, 2020 together with survey, to acquire all the including plan for the wildlife team, but missing information to reservoir clearance. the second survey adequately elaborate the Monitor the tree cutting scheduled for April plan, scheduled for April program. 2020 was postponed 2020, was postponed Nursery/ supervision of due to the COVID due to the COVID tree planting. lockdown. lockdown. ESMSP is Coordination with planning to resume the wildlife habitat plan. survey in April 2021 if the Monitoring. COVID -19 restrictions Public awareness- will allow international raising and education travels. regarding watershed management
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Annex 4: Compliance to the Specific Environmental Management Measures Item # Requirement Prior Compliance Remarks Corrective Status Action 1. Pre-construction Phase Forest area Prepare and implement Government of Partially Due to COVID lockdown clearance tree cutting plan. Nepal approved a complied. it was not possible to approval Compensatory total 417.23ha of Monitoring is carry out the scheduled plantation plan. Forest land to be ongoing activities. As discussed cleared by THL on with DFO the progress of 11 Sept 2017 (B.S. the works are as follows: 2074/5/26). Preparation and On the basis of implementation of the above Govt. tree cutting plan: decision, a contract between Department • As per guidelines of of Forest and THL Department of was made on 1 Nov Forests and Soil 2017 (B.S. 2074-7- Conservation, a 15) with 22 points to committee has been implement the order formed headed by of Nepal Government. Assistant Forest In this regard at local Officer (AFO) of DFO level another Tanahu and a agreement between report for the Divisional Forest compensation of the Office (DFO) Tanahu forest land has been and THL was signed submitted to the on 4 Nov 2018 (B.S. District 2075-7-18) with an Administration Office estimate of Tanahu for the final NRs.262,565,665.00 decision to decide the to implement the rate of different types programs like of forest land that has seedling production, to be compensated Afforestation & its by THL to management, forest Government of land clearance, Nepal. coordination with stakeholders, CFOP • Tree clearance plan (Community Forest will be implemented Management Plan) only after the revision of 25 CF, compensation of the monitoring of the forest land (THL implemented should follow this activities that has to together with DFO) be completed within as per the 7 years starting from guidelines. 2019. Tree cutting plan has been prepared by DFO and will be implemented soon in coordination with concerned Community Forest User Groups 2. Construction Phase 2. A. Physical Environment Excavation Proper disposal of muck, Package -2 Complied – still ESMSP continued to works construction of retaining Contractor on going monitor the few ongoing structures, maintenance excavated the area construction activities, of trees and vegetation for batching plan, The outcomes of the cover. labour camp, etc. weekly monitoring See also provisions in The excavation activities are detailed in the General Specs (e.g. activities are being the ESMSP monthly clause 7.4.5). monitored by the reports. Engineer and proper As detailed in these
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Minimize natural slope maintenance of trees reports muck is, disturbance and vegetation is generally, properly monitored. disposed in the The changes in temporary quarries existing drainage provided with adequate system has been retaining structures regularly monitored (gabions). by THL with the In some cases muck was support of the Eng. seen mixing to the river Consultant and at dam site and tail race ESMSP. construction site so ESMSP suggested to deposit all the mucks at designated place and not to let any mucks mixing to the river. Air quality Construction activities to THL is monitoring Partially As detailed in the be done during the day the implementation complied ESMSP monthly reports time. of the mitigation attached, although in the Compensation to the measures with the monitoring period few people in case of support of the construction activities development of cracks ESMSP were ongoing most of the etc., mitigation measures Blasting to be done using (particularly related to detonator in small dust suppression) were quantities phases. implemented, but still as Locating stationary plant the site is not dust free (e.g., generators) as far and needs more away as possible from watering. The Contractor local villages and still doesn t wash workforce camps. vehicles prior leaving the Maintaining all equipment site daily but they do to manufacturers wash as the vehicles specifications. Fitting gets dirt & dusty and mufflers to road vehicles cement debugging and construction process is not equipment. undertaken in sheltered Providing ear muffs to area. workers operating high The plant and equipment s decibel equipment or are found to be well working in close proximity maintained (no black to this equipment. smoke coming out of See also provisions in tailpipe). Any burning of the General Specs (e.g., construction and domestic clause 7.4.2). waste is stringently banned in and around the construction site. Regular spraying of water is observed to minimize the dust pollution in access road, dam site powerhouse tunnel areas. But ESMSP observed the burning of waste at powerhouse and warehouse so the team strictly advised not to repeat such activities. Regular air quality parameters were measured and monitoring is performed and air quality parameters are under permissible limit. Noise and Construction activities to THL is monitoring Partially Air compressor and Vibration be done during the day the implementation complied generators are operated time. of the mitigation with doors closed, but Compensation to the measures with the ESMSP observed that the people in case of support of the noise emission levels development of cracks ESMSP exceeded the standard etc., value given by both
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Blasting to be done using Occupational Safety and detonator in small Health Association quantities phases. (OSHA) and International Locating stationary plant Tunnelling Association (e.g., generators) as far (ITA) being 102.3 dBA away as possible from during blasting works. To local villages and mitigate such noise, workforce camps. workers are provided with Maintaining all equipment ear plug but still only few to manufacturers workers were using it specifications. Fitting properly: this is a serious mufflers to road vehicles concern. ESMSP strongly and construction recommended the site equipment. manger to strictly Providing ear muffs to implement the use of workers operating high PPEs. No equipment decibel equipment or silencers and/or mufflers working in close proximity are used. to this equipment. Nearby communities are See also provisions in the always informed prior to General Specs (e.g., the blasting works. clause 7.4.2). Blasting operation are only performed during day time. Water quality Preventing dumping of THL is monitoring Partially River Water quality, muck into the river. the implementation complied Drinking Water quality of Regular water quality of the mitigation labour camps were check. Proper handling of measures with the monitored and relevant fuel, oils, paints, cement, support of the results are described in etc. ESMSP the report. Muck is not Restriction of open directly dumped into the defecation. Topsoil river by the project saving. activities but due to spring Excavation controls. source mucks were mixed Settlement pond for into the river, therefore aggregate washing. ESMSP recommended the Sedimentation tanks to Contractor to channelize arrest the TSS; regular the spring flow path maintenance. without the mixing of Pit toilets at construction mucks sites and temporary All wastewaters are sent camp sites around the to septic tanks, with the dam and reservoir exception of kitchen s locations. Standard toilets wastewater in labourers at camps with a central camp. wetland type treatment There is no further facility. treatment of wastewater Set up a settlement pond, (chlorination, etc.) before treatment being released into the plant, or other relevant environment. To date no facilities at work sites, sludge was removed from workforce camps, the septic tanks. batching plants and other Sedimentation traps are temporary facilities for not constructed yet. construction works. Fuel, oil and hazardous See also provisions in the materials are stored in General designated areas with Specs (e.g., clause 2.3.5; temporary impermeable 7.1.2; 7.4.3) bunds in accordance with international standards and at distance of at least 100 m from any water course. Re-fuelling of machinery, equipment and vehicles as well as oil changing and engine maintenance is carried out at a distance of at least 100 m from any water course. Mechanical yards need
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further improvement as still grease oil is mixed with water is released towards access road which during rainfall may impact the river. Clarified water out coming from the septic tanks must be further treated. Settling ponds shall be built nearby crushing and batching plants. Existing sand filters were found to be ineffective so ESMSP team recommended to effectively use the sand filters and the sands must be removed from time to time. Sand filter backwash should be performed. Hydrology and Install warning systems To be implemented N/A at current To be implemented after Morphology and sign boards after the mobilization stage the mobilization of informing the local people of Package 1 Package 1 contractor. about the danger, regular contractor In the meantime, the monitoring ESMSP will start Control of boulder developing the Water collection from riverbed. Release and River Safety Reservoir filling plan to Management Plan as per be developed and the proposed methodology agreed. (see Annex 6), once Monitoring of slope received the green light stability. Compensation from THL. release of 2.4m3/sec. Land stability Watershed management, To be implemented N/A at current To be implemented after vegetation coverage, after the mobilization stage the mobilization of Gabion at the high-risk of Package 1 Package 1 contractor. landslide areas. contractor Drainage, erosion control and sediment control measures. See also provisions in the General Specs, (e.g. clause 7.4.4). MuckDisposal, Disposal at appropriate Quarry sites and Partially Quarry sites and disposal stockpiling and places with proper disposal sites have complied- sites have been identified. quarrying slopes; bioengineering been identified. ongoing activities works; Disposal of Spoil disposal has been excess spoil at Spoil disposal has used so far by the designated and pegged been used so far by package-2 contractor spoil disposal areas that the package-2 only for back filling have been approved by contractor only for temporary borrow areas. the ESMU. No side- back filling temporary casting of excess spoil borrow areas. over the edge of excavation sites or placing spoil in drainage lines or watercourses, above houses or at other sites where it is likely to cause damage to structures or natural features. The CC shall instruct the construction workforce on the approved fill disposal locations and supervise the correct placement of fill at sites. Topsoil (where present) stripping and stockpiling
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prior to spoil placement. Progressive installation of retaining structures, benches and drains to ensure landform stability and minimize erosion and sedimentation. This will include stabilizing the toe of the spoil disposal sites that front onto the Madi and Seti rivers using rock gabion walls, and benching the fill batters of each disposal area that exceeds 7 m in height. Layering and compaction of spoil as the material is placed, with daily inspection byte ESMU. Topsoil spreading and site re-vegetation of the final landform. The ESMU will inspect and approve the final land shaping at each designated spoil disposal site prior to and following top soiling. See also provisions in the General Specs (e.g. clause 7.4.5). Locate quarries within So far, being only N/A at current To be developed once future reservoir area. Package 2 stage Package 1 contractor will Prepare quarry operation contractor at site, the be selected and plan, slopes stabilization issue is not mobilized. works at quarry areas, significant. Once bio- engineering works. Package 1 Avoid excessive contractor will start quarrying from one place, the activities, THL especially from river beds with the support of and ESMSP will monitor banks. the sound application of the required mitigation measures Waste Regular solid waste Package 2 Partially For management of management collection with vehicles to contractor was complied – on waste separate labelled approved land fill sites. required to submit a going containers in proper Proper storage and Waste Disposal language (English, handling of all Management Plan Chinese) was observed construction materials and the site i.e., and waste. powerhouse is litter free. See also provisions in the ESMSP suggested to General Specs (e.g., labelled those dustbins in clause 2.3.6) Nepali Language as well so that workers could easily understand. Labour camp lacks proper waste management techniques, all kinds of waste are mixed in a single bin as there are no separate containers for different kind of waste. ESMSP recommended not to mix food waste with other kinds of waste, but the measure is still not yet adequately implemented. Different labelled container is required in
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the labour camp as well. Separate bin and compost bin must be provided to all sites as we observe those only in THL Employee Camp. ESMSP did not observe the provision of waste collection system by tractors in mechanical yard and warehouse. Burning of waste was observed, therefore ESMSP team strictly suggested them no to repeat such activities. The Waste Management Plan is being developed by the Contractor and expected to be finalized by the end of January 2021. Workforce Safety training to each Self-safety Partially All chemicals are stored management employee as it relates to awareness session complied - and labelled properly. and safety his/her job at the was done to the ongoing Signboards are also used commencement of workforce by Sino to make aware the employment and hydro. workers about the refresher workshops as First Aid training was chemicals and dangerous required. carried out on goods. Appropriate relevant October with There are fire safety equipment teach participation of 45 extinguishers but not in employee. people. appropriate place, relevant Safety equipment at each advises were given by the work site, including fire- ESMSP. fighting equipment. Use of Personal Protective First aid facilities at all Equipment (PPE) is made Project sites. Security compulsory, workers were fences around all work made aware about the sites and workforce importance of use of PPE camps, and hazardous and workers without safety locations on construction boots were asked to go sites. and wear the reefs, safety Designated and signed boots and ESMSP also paths around and through remind them to wear construction sites, work safety belts if they have to sites and workforce work with minimum height camps. of 6ft above the ground. See also provisions in the Toolbox talk is conducted General Specs (e.g., every day before the shift clauses in section 6). by the site manager. Documentation and reporting of occupational accidents are defined and emergency prevention, preparedness and response arrangements are in place. Contractor, asked to submit the Emergency and Response Plan, replied that is still finalizing it. Firefighting training was conducted on March 19th. No such training provided till March. Signal Works training provided to signal men on Rock Fall Area and Tail Race Site. Regular HSE Inspection is also carried out by
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Personal Safety cum Risk Management Specialist. Traffic and Identification of project None Partially Speed limit board are access Control access roads, vehicle complied placed only in types, and schedules. powerhouse area. It must See also provisions in the be installed in dam site General Specs (e.g., area as well. The clauses 2.1.2). Contractor shall limit access to the construction site to local people. The problem is that the access road to Package 2 works is also the only access road to the village of Dhobla. An agreed solution with the villagers shall be found and relevant consultation are scheduled (see SSMR). Water Supply Provisional cost for house Partially ESMSP is regularly repairs near the Complied consulting local construction site. communities affected by Reinstate damaged pipe construction works and structure providing an relevant access roads to alternative source of verify if any repairing is water supply for drying needed. offspring water. ESMSP has also started See also provisions in the monitoring springs in the General Specs (e.g. tunnel area see Annex clauses 2.1.2). 10. Warehouse and Mechanical yards do not have safe drinking water supply so this must be addressed as soon as possible. Site Organized retreat and To be implemented N/A at current ESMSP will stress the rehabilitation clean-up after at the end of the stage contractors to receive the management construction of all dam construction period site rehabilitation plan facilities, powerhouse, or whenever a site significantly before the and related structures. facility is not required end of construction See also provisions in the anymore for the activities. Moreover, General Specs (e.g. project construction ESMSP is stressing clauses 7.5). purposes about the need for stockpiling topsoil to achieve a full re- vegetation of rehabilitated areas. 2. B. Biological Environment Loss of forest Compensatory plantation Compensatory Ongoing A total of 417 hectares of area/loss of and community forest plantation of different forest land has been resources support program for forest tree species handed over to THL by improved forest has started by DFO the Government of management carried out Tanahu within and Nepal. According to the by THL or DFO. around reservoir guideline developed by catchment the Department of Loss of forest Afforestation programs Almost 100 ha of Complied Forest, a committee has area/loss of Conservation awareness community forestry habitat program land have been to be formed under the afforested with Divisional Forest Office different tree species with the mandate to mobilizing evaluate the land for the community forest quality of the forest land. user groups The evaluation work was Loss of forest Protection of rare and Compensatory Partially completed by the DFO area/loss of endangered species, (e.g. plantation of different complied - team and a detail report rare and Shorea robusta, Acacia forest tree species ongoing has been prepared and endangered catechu etc.) has started by DFO forwarded for the final species Compensatory plantation Tanahu within and approval to the of rare and endangered around reservoir committee. The
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species. catchment while committee is under the compensation for chairmanship of Chief forest land is under District Office (CDO) who negotiation between will approve the Department of compensation process. Forest and Soil Conservation THL is currently (DoFSC) and THL. delaying the process of While THL is ready compensation to pay for land considering the new purchase. The rate regulation for of payment has not compensation approved been fixed by by the Government of DoFSC and is under Nepal. This new progress regulation has provisions that there is no compensation for forest land if the project is Government handled, as THL is government project Pressure on Supply of alternative Trees and saplings Partially existing forest energy source like LPG on service road of complied – on resources due and kerosene. where power house have going to the influx of workers own food is been cleared by workforce consumed, covered and community forest non- wood fuelled user groups and no facilities shall be provided wood is burned by for heating food. workers till now. The The Contractor shall contractor has ensure that no wood is assured about this burned by workers on or and is using LPG off the site and shall gas for food cooking provide alternative fuel since the beginning sources for all cooking, of construction heating and lighting needs works. at workforce camps. Prohibition of any wood burning by workers on or off the site See also provisions in the General Specs, (e.g. clauses 4.2.3.6; 4.2.6.1; 7.1.3). Disturbances to Compensatory plantation ESMSP Wildlife and Partially The Wildlife and wildlife and Prohibition of illegal Forestry team will complied - on Forestry team carried wildlife habitat hunting and poaching. carry out the first going out the first survey on Implement awareness survey on January January 2020 as and enhancement 2020 and a second foreseen, but the program and other survey is envisaged second survey measures defined in in April-May 2020. envisaged for April Wildlife Conservation and The outcome of the 2020 was cancelled Awareness Management surveys will allow to due to COVID Plan. design specific lockdown. The See also provisions in the counter measures to outcomes of the first General Specs (e.g., habitats losses wildlife and forestry clauses 7.1.3; 7.4.6). survey is reported in the previous ESMR. The wildlife team has also prepared and submitted to THL the Wildlife encounter protocol (see previous ESMR). 2ndWildlife and Forestry Survey preparatory works are ongoing and ESMSP is planning to conduct Survey by the
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end of 1st quarter of 2021. Impact on Riparian release of Second fish survey On going A new fish and Aquatic life 2.4m3/s; Releasing of fish was carried out by macroinvertebrates fingerlings at the the ESMSP team. survey was conducted upstream Once the surveys will on December 2020, the Fish farming will be done be completed (two results are described in Catch and Haul program full years of fish the report and in Annex will be done Various monitoring is 5. measures will be envisaged) the prepared byESMU and ESMSP will prepare implemented (see Fish the Fish Management Conservation Plan including all the Management Plan) necessary mitigation measures
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Annex 5: Weekly Non-Compliance Tables
1 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Weekly Environment Inspection Checklist Project: Tanahu Hydropower Project Site Location: Powerhouse, Surge Tank, Wards and Camps Construction Stage / Status during Inspection: Construction stage Inspection Date: Aug 9th-Aug 13th2020 Inspection Time: Morning Inspectedby: Bishal Bhattarai Weather: Cloudy Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance level (i.e. specify location, Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions) Air pollution Control • Are the √ Construction sites are not construction sites watered though dust watered to emission was not minimize dust observed due to regular generated? rainfall. • Is cement √ debagging process undertaken in sheltered areas? • Are all vehicles √ During this week carrying dusty inspection no observation loads of vehicles carrying load. covered/watered over prior to leaving the site? • Are dust controlled √ Watered during drilling so during percussive no dust emission was drilling or rock observed. breaking? • Are demolition √ Demolition work areas work areas were wet and no dust watered? (e.g. emission. trimming activities by using breaker) • Are dusty roads √ Due to regular rainfall √ paved and/or roads are wet and we sprayed with observed roads are water? paved with mocking materials. • Are plant and √ No black smoke is equipment well observed maintained? (any black smoke observed, please indicate the plant/equipment
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Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance level (i.e. specify location, Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
and location) • Are speed √ Yes, Speed limit sign at a control measures distance of 200m was applied? (e.g. observed. speed limit sign) • Are soil and √ temporary spoil piles covered or sprayed if generating dust? • Are piles that are √ Spoil piles was not √ not going to be observed. used in the short term allowed to develop vegetation cover? • Is burning of √ The burning is prohibited construction and in and around the domestic waste construction site. prohibited? Water pollution Control • Is wastewater √ Waste water treatment √ treatment system system was not observed being used and and all wastewater is properly sent to septic tank in maintained on camp areas. site? (e.g. desilting tank) • Are there any √ Waste water (drainage √ wastewater pipe of toilet) from discharged to the powerhouse is directly storm drains (river mixed to river sources. sources)? Its photographs are annexed in list of photographs below. • Are all sewage and √ All the sewage is being waste water discharged in septic tank discharges treated now. in an approved system to reach (before final disposal) national standards? • Is gray/black water √ No treatment is done but √ coming from the is discharged in septic toiles adequately tank. treated (septic
3 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance level (i.e. specify location, Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
tank, chlorination, etc.) before being released into the environment? • Is the sludge of the As the project is starting septic tank phase so in future this periodically activity will be carried. removed to keep the septic tank efficient? • Is the sludge √ Not observed during this √ removed week of inspection. adequately disposed of? • Are measures √ Not observed during this provided to week of inspection. properly direct effluent to silt removal facilities? (e.g. provide earth bunds / U- channels) • Are sedimentation No sedimentation traps √ traps and tanks seen. free of silt and sediment? • Are fuel, oil and √ hazardous materials stored in designated areas with temporary impermeable bunds in accordance with international standards and at distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Is refueling of √ machinery, equipment and vehicles carried out at a distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Are major work √ including oil
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Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance level (i.e. specify location, Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
changing and engine maintenance done in designated areas at distance of at least 100 m from any water course with containment to prevent oil spills? • Is waste oil √ Waste oil is collected and √ collected and stored in designated recycled? place. • Is contaminated oil √ material adequately disposed of at designated waste disposal facilities? • Is the use of √ During this week no herbicides activity is seen avoided? • Others (please specify Noise Control • Do air √ compressors and generators operate with doors closed? • Is idle √ plant/equipment turned off or throttled down? • Do air √ NEL is exceeded as per √ compressors and as ITA and OSHA hand- held standards. breakers have valid noise emission labels (NEL)? • Any noise √ Ear plugs and ear muffs mitigation are provided to the measures adopted workers. (e.g. use noise barrier / enclosure)? • Are silenced √ Not observed during this √
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Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance level (i.e. specify location, Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
equipment s week of inspection. utilized? • Others (please specify) Waste Management • Is the site kept √ Haphazard throw of √ clean and tidy? waste especially in (e.g. litter free, powerhouse area and good housekeeping in labor housekeeping) camp was poor. • Are separate √ chutes used for inert and non-inert wastes? • Are separated √ Separated labelled √ labelled containers containers are provided / areas provided for only in the powerhouse facilitating site yet not observed recycling and during this week no waste recycling facility in the segregation? site. • Are separated Labelled containers were containers labelled not seen during this week in proper language of inspection. (English, Chinese, Nepalese)? • Are construction √ Construction waste are wastes /recyclable being filled in access wastes and road areas. general refuse removed off site regularly? • Are constructions √ Mocks are being wastes collected collected by project and disposed of vehicle. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ Chemical wastes are wastes, if any, collected in generated collected and any and kept in disposed of designated places. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ wastes properly
6 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance level (i.e. specify location, Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
stored and labelled? • Are oil drums and √ They collect oils and plants/equipment s greases in separate provided with drip drums and when it is trays? filled, they sent for recycling to the manufacturers company. • Are drip trays free √ Collected in a drum and of oil and water? trays and was free of oil and water. • Is there any oil √ No oil spillage incidents spillage? Clean- up were observed. Site the supervisor told us they contaminated clean up immediately if soil immediately? such incidents occur. • Is litter, foam √ Direct contact with river √ or other source was seen in objectionable powerhouse area. matters in nearby water drain/sewer cleaned? • Are asbestos √ Such asbestos waste wastes handled by was not generated as per registered site supervisor. professionals? • If the wastes are √ Waste are collected by √ not collected by a private contractor but the specialized and workers are not trained to authorized adequately dispose the company, are the waste. They dispose the wastes adequately waste in municipal treated? landfill. • If there is a √ No sanitary landfill at sanitary landfill at site. site, is it adequately managed? Storage of Chemicals and Dangerous Goods • Are chemicals √ stored and labelled properly? • Are chemicals and √ dangerous goods data sheets available? • Is an emergency √ Draft emergency action
7 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance level (i.e. specify location, Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
plan in case of plan is being revised. accidental spillage of chemicals and /or dangerous goods available? • Are the personnel √ Contractor only provided periodically trained OSH and PPE how to deal with an awareness training and accidental there is no any expert spillage? who can handle accidental spillage. • Does storage of √ DG comply with license conditions (include types and quantities if DG store is available, check the DG store license)? • Are proper √ measures to control oil spillage during maintenance or to control other chemicals spillage? (e.g. provide drip trays) • Are spill kits / sand √ / saw dust used for absorbing chemical spillage readily accessible? • Others (please specify) Protection of Flora, Fauna and Historical Heritage • Are disturbance to √ No such activities √ terrestrial flora inspected. minimized (e.g. plants to be preserved)? • Is hunting and √ poaching of forest products strictly prohibited? • Are firearms in the √ Project strictly
8 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance level (i.e. specify location, Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
prohibited, except for the security personnel? • Are Protection √ There is absence of no- Forests and other go area at site for sensitive areas protection of forest areas. designated as “no Local personnel are go” areas? restricted to go to sensitive areas though. • Is the entrance to √ There is no presence of “no go” areas no-go area at site strictly forbidden to all workers? • Is re‐vegetation of √ Revegetation activities disturbed areas haven t started yet. carried out with native plant species? • Are disturbance √ No specific actions were to terrestrial fauna observed to minimize minimized (if rare disturbances to terrestrial species identified)? faunas. • Any historical √ No any historical sites heritage exists on nearby site. site? If yes, ensure appropriate measures taken to preserve it. • Is a chance find √ There is no such chance √ procedure in find procedure in place. place? • If physical cultural √ No such physical cultural resources are resources encountered. encountered during the construction phase, have all works at the find site been immediately halted? • Has the find been assessed by a competent expert? • Have the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical
9 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance level (i.e. specify location, Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
cultural resources been developed by the expert in cooperation with the relevant local heritage authority • Has the work not been resumed until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented? • When avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, has the physical cultural resource been removed and preserved according to the best available technique? • Are removals conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of national and/or local laws? • Are records of all finds maintained, including chain of custody instructions for movable finds? • Have all Project workers and staff been made aware of the chance find procedure?
10 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance level (i.e. specify location, Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
• Others (please specify) Emergency Preparedness and Response • Are fire √ Fire extinguisher is kept extinguishers / on all the required fighting facilities places. properly maintained and not expired? Escape not blocked/ obstructed? • Are accidents and √ Minor accidents like cuts incidents reported and bruises are and reviewed, and recorded, no major corrective & accident recorded. preventive actions Corrective actions are identified and identified and suggested recorded? to site supervisors. • Have preventive √ and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions, and exposure to chemicals been considered? • Have appropriate √ PPE provided but personal protective workers hesitate to use it equipment (PPE) in a regular basis. Ear to minimize risks muffs and ear plugs were been provided to also not used while the workers? drilling inside tunnel area. • Has training for √ Conduct toolbox talk workers been every day before shift. provided? • Has an appropriate √ incentives system to use and comply with health and safety procedures and utilize PPE been shared with the workers?
11 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemenplemented? N/A Remarks Non-Comon-Compliance levelevel (i.e. specify location, Yes No* good practices, ONCC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II IIIII corrective/preventative actions)
• Have procedures √ for documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases and incidents been defined? • Are emergency √ prevention, preparedness and response arrangements in place? • Others (please specify) PLEASE ANNEX ALL THE PHOTPHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE ENVIRONMENTAENTAL ISSUES AND NON CONFORMITIES OBSOBSERVED. ALL PHOTOGRAPHS SHALL BEE NUMBEREDNU AND THE RELEVANT NUMBERBER SHALL BE REPORTED ALSO IN THE TABLEABLE ABOVE WHERE ISSUE IS NOTED. *Any“No”recordedrepresentsthepohepotentialbreachofregulationorimprovementneededneeded anddetailsofnonconformity(NC)) shashall berecordedin theRemarks. *ReportNCinthefollowingforms.s. EachEachNCshouldmakereferenceintothechecklistasistas coded. TheresponsiblepersonnelshallidenshallidentifytherootcauseofNCandadoptappropriatee Correctiveandpreventiveactions(Cons(CPA)formitigation. Confirmationoftheeffectivenessvenessof theCPAshall beverifiedby(Teameam LeaderLeader)withinanagreedtime.
Signature of site Inspector______Date:______Reviewed by Team Leader ______Date: ______
12 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Project: Tanahu Hydropower Project Site Location: Powerhouse, Surge Tank, Wards and Camps Construction Stage / Status during Inspection: Construction stage Inspection Date: August 16th-Aug 18th2020 Inspection Time: Afternoon Inspected by: Bishal Bhattarai Weather: Sunny Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions) Air pollution Control • Are the √ No sprinkling of water √ construction sites during this week as well. watered to minimize dust generated? • Is cement √ debagging process undertaken in sheltered areas? • Are all vehicles √ During this week carrying dusty inspection no loads observation of vehicles covered/watered carrying load. over prior to leaving the site? • Are dust controlled √ Watered during drilling during percussive so no dust emission was drilling or rock observed. breaking? • Are demolition work √ Demolition work areas areas watered? were wet and no dust (e.g. trimming emission was observed. activities by using breaker) • Are dusty roads √ Due to regular rainfall paved and/or roads are wet and we sprayed with observed roads are water? paved with mocking materials. • Are plant and √ Black smoke coming out equipment well of vehicles was not maintained? (any observed. black smoke observed, please indicate the plant/equipment and location)
13 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
• Are speed √ Yes, Speed limit sign at control measures a distance of 200m was applied? (e.g. observed. speed limit sign) • Are soil and √ temporary spoil piles covered or sprayed if generating dust? • Are piles that are √ Spoil piles was not √ not going to be observed. used in the short term allowed to develop vegetation cover? • Is burning of √ The burning is prohibited construction and in and around the domestic waste construction site. prohibited? Water pollution Control • Is wastewater √ Waste water treatment √ treatment system system was not being used and observed and all properly maintained wastewater is sent to on site? (e.g. septic tank in camp desilting tank) areas. • Are there any √ ESMSP team observed wastewater no toilet drain pipe discharged to the discharged directly to the storm drains (river river. sources)? • Are all sewage and √ All the sewage is being waste water discharged in septic tank discharges treated now. in an approved system to reach (before final disposal) national standards? • Is gray/black water √ No treatment is done but √ coming from the is discharged in septic toiles adequately tank. treated (septic tank, chlorination, etc.) before being released into the environment?
14 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
• Is the sludge of the As the project is starting septic tank phase so in future this periodically activity will be carried. removed to keep the septic tank efficient? • Is the sludge √ Not observed during this √ removed week of inspection. adequately disposed of? • Are measures √ Not observed during this provided to properly week of inspection. direct effluent to silt removal facilities? (e.g. provide earth bunds / U- channels) • Are sedimentation √ No sedimentation traps traps and tanks seen. free of silt and sediment? • Are fuel, oil and √ hazardous materials stored in designated areas with temporary impermeable bunds in accordance with international standards and at distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Is refueling of √ machinery, equipment and vehicles carried out at a distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Are major work √ including oil changing and engine maintenance done in designated areas at distance of at least 100 m from any water course
15 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
with containment to prevent oil spills? • Is waste oil √ Waste oil is collected collected and and stored in designated recycled? place. • Is contaminated oil √ Contaminated oil material adequately materials are stored in a disposed of at designated place. designated waste disposal facilities? • Is the use of √ During this week use of herbicides herbicides were not avoided? seen. • Others (please specify Noise Control • Do air compressors √ and generators operate with doors closed? • Is idle √ plant/equipment turned off or throttled down? • Do air compressors √ NEL exceeded as per as √ and hand- held ITA and OSHA breakers have valid standards. noise emission labels (NEL)? • Any noise √ Ear plugs and ear muffs mitigation are provided to the measures adopted workers. (e.g. use noise barrier / enclosure)? • Are silenced √ Not observed during this √ equipment s week of inspection. utilized? • Others (please specify) Waste Management • Is the site kept √ Haphazard throw of √ clean and tidy? waste especially in (e.g. litter free, powerhouse area and good housekeeping in labor housekeeping) camp was poor. • Are separate √
16 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
chutes used for inert and non-inert wastes? • Are separated √ Separated labelled √ labelled containers containers are provided / areas provided for only in the powerhouse facilitating recycling site yet not found during and waste this week of observation segregation? (One of workers told ESMSP ream that it flew away during storm. No recycling facility in the site. • Are separated Separated containers containers labelled are not provided at first in proper language place. Existing (English, Chinese, containers are also not Nepalese)? labelled in proper language. • Are construction √ Construction waste are wastes /recyclable being filled in access wastes and general road areas. refuse removed off site regularly? • Are constructions √ Mocks are being wastes collected collected by project and disposed of vehicle. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ Chemical wastes are wastes, if any, collected if generated collected and and kept in designated disposed of places. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ wastes properly stored and labelled? • Are oil drums and √ They collect oils and plants/equipment s greases in separate provided with drip drums and when it is trays? filled, they sent for recycling to the manufacturers company. • Are drip trays free √ Collected in a drum and of oil and water? trays and was free of oil and water. • Is there any oil √ No oil spillage incidents
17 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
spillage? Clean- up were observed. Site the supervisor told us they contaminated clean up immediately if soil immediately? such incidents occur. • Is litter, foam √ No such objectionable or other matters nearby water objectionable drain. matters in nearby water drain/sewer cleaned? • Are asbestos √ Such asbestos waste wastes handled by was not generated as registered per site supervisor. professionals? • If the wastes are √ Waste are collected by √ not collected by a private contractor but the specialized and workers are not trained authorized on how to dispose the company, are the waste. They dispose the wastes adequately waste in municipal treated? landfill site. • If there is a sanitary √ No sanitary landfill at landfill at site, is it site. adequately managed? Storage of Chemicals and Dangerous Goods • Are chemicals √ stored and labelled properly? • Are chemicals and √ dangerous goods data sheets available? • Is an emergency √ Emergency Action Plan plan in case of is being revised and it accidental spillage would be finalized by the of chemicals and end of August. /or dangerous goods available? • Are the personnel √ Contractor only provided periodically trained OSH and PPE how to deal with an awareness training and accidental spillage? there is no any expert who can handle accidental spillage among workers. • Does storage of DG √ comply with license
18 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
conditions (include types and quantities if DG store is available, check the DG store license)? • Are proper √ measures to control oil spillage during maintenance or to control other chemicals spillage? (e.g. provide drip trays) • Are spill kits / sand √ / saw dust used for absorbing chemical spillage readily accessible? • Others (please specify) Protection of Flora, Fauna and Historical Heritage • Are disturbance to √ No such activities √ terrestrial flora inspected. minimized (e.g. plants to be preserved)? • Is hunting and √ poaching of forest products strictly prohibited? • Are firearms in the √ Project strictly prohibited, except for the security personnel? • Are Protection √ There is absence of no- Forests and other go area at site for sensitive areas protection of forest designated as “no areas. Local personnel go” areas? are restricted to go to sensitive areas though. • Is the entrance to √ There is no presence of “no go” areas no-go area at site strictly forbidden to all workers? • Is re‐vegetation of √ Revegetation activities disturbed areas haven t started yet.
19 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
carried out with native plant species? • Are disturbance √ No specific actions were to terrestrial fauna observed to minimize minimized (if rare disturbances to species identified)? terrestrial faunas. • Any historical √ No any historical sites heritage exists on nearby site. site? If yes, ensure appropriate measures taken to preserve it. • Is a chance find √ There is no such chance √ procedure in place? find procedure in place. • If physical cultural √ No such physical cultural resources are resources encountered. encountered during the construction phase, have all works at the find site been immediately halted? • Has the find been assessed by a competent expert? • Have the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources been developed by the expert in cooperation with the relevant local heritage authority • Has the work not been resumed until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented? • When avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to
20 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, has the physical cultural resource been removed and preserved according to the best available technique? • Are removals conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of national and/or local laws? • Are records of all finds maintained, including chain of custody instructions for movable finds? • Have all Project workers and staff been made aware of the chance find procedure? • Others (please specify) Emergency Preparedness and Response • Are fire √ Fire extinguisher is kept extinguishers / on all the required fighting facilities places. properly maintained and not expired? Escape not blocked/ obstructed? • Are accidents and √ Minor accidents like cuts incidents reported and bruises were and reviewed, and recorded, no major corrective & accident recorded. preventive actions Corrective actions are identified and identified and suggested recorded? to site supervisors. • Have preventive √
21 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions)
and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions, and exposure to chemicals been considered? • Have appropriate √ PPE provided but personal protective workers hesitate to use it equipment (PPE) to in a regular basis. Ear minimize risks been muffs and ear plugs provided to the were also not used while workers? drilling inside tunnel area. • Has training for √ Conduct toolbox talk workers been every day before shift. provided? • Has an appropriate √ incentives system to use and comply with health and safety procedures and utilize PPE been shared with the workers? • Have procedures √ for documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases and incidents been defined? • Are emergency √ prevention, preparedness and response arrangements in place? • Others (please specify) PLEASE ANNEX ALL THE PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND NON CONFORMITIES OBSERVED. ALL PHOTOGRAPHS SHALL BE NUMBERED AND THE RELEVANT NUMBER SHALL BE REPORTED ALSO IN THE TABLE ABOVE WHERE ISSUE IS NOTED.
22 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
*Any“No”recordedrepresentsthepotsthepotentialbreachofregulationorimprovementneedtneeded anddetailsofnonconformity(NC)NC) shall berecordedin theRemarks. *ReportNCinthefollowingforms.orms. EachNCshouldmakereferenceintothechecklistaklistas coded. TheresponsiblepersonnelrsonnelshallidentifytherootcauseofNCandadoptappropappropriate Correctiveandpreventiveactionsactions(CPA)formitigation. Confirmationoftheeffectivenessectivenessof theCPAshall beverifiedby(Team(Team Leader)withinanagreedtime.
Signature of site Inspector______or______Date:______Reviewed by Team Leaderer ______Date: ______
23 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Project: Tanahu Hydropower Project Site Location: Powerhouse, Surge Tank, Wards and Camps Construction Stage / Status during Inspection: Construction stage Inspection Date: August 24h -August 30th2020 Inspection Time: Afternoon Inspectedby: Bishal Bhattarai Weather: Cloudy Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity I II III and/or proposed corrective/preventative actions) Air pollution Control • Are the √ Only powerhouse √ construction sites construction site was watered to watered on a daily basis. minimize dust Access road and store generated? yard areas weren t watered. • Is cement √ debagging process undertaken in sheltered areas? • Are all vehicles √ Such practices were not √ carrying dusty observed. loads covered/watered over prior to leaving the site? • Are dust controlled √ Watered during drilling during percussive so no dust emission was drilling or rock observed. breaking? • Are demolition work √ Demolition work areas areas watered? were wet and no dust (e.g. trimming emission was observed. activities by using breaker) • Are dusty roads √ Dusty roads not paved √ paved and/or and sprayed with water. sprayed with water? • Are plant and √ Black smoke coming out equipment well of vehicles was not maintained? (any observed. black smoke observed, please indicate the plant/equipment and location) • Are speed √ Yes, Speed limit sign at
24 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity I II III and/or proposed corrective/preventative actions) control measures a distance of 200m was applied? (e.g. observed. speed limit sign) • Are soil and √ temporary spoil piles covered or sprayed if generating dust? • Are piles that are √ Spoil piles was not √ not going to be observed. used in the short term allowed to develop vegetation cover? • Is burning of √ The burning is prohibited construction and in and around the domestic waste construction site. prohibited? Water pollution Control • Is wastewater √ Waste water treatment √ treatment system system was not being used and observed and all properly maintained wastewater is sent to on site? (e.g. septic tank in camp desilting tank) areas. • Are there any √ . wastewater discharged to the storm drains (river sources)? • Are all sewage and √ All the sewage is being waste water discharged in septic tank discharges treated now. in an approved system to reach (before final disposal) national standards? • Is gray/black water √ No treatment is done but coming from the is discharged in septic toiles adequately tank. treated (septic tank, chlorination, etc.) before being released into the environment? • Is the sludge of the As the project is starting septic tank phase so in future this periodically activity will be carried.
25 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity I II III and/or proposed corrective/preventative actions) removed to keep the septic tank efficient? • Is the sludge √ Not observed during this √ removed week of inspection. adequately disposed of? • Are measures √ Not observed during this provided to properly week of inspection. direct effluent to silt removal facilities? (e.g. provide earth bunds / U- channels) • Are sedimentation √ No sedimentation traps traps and tanks seen. free of silt and sediment? • Are fuel, oil and √ hazardous materials stored in designated areas with temporary impermeable bunds in accordance with international standards and at distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Is refueling of √ machinery, equipment and vehicles carried out at a distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Are major work √ including oil changing and engine maintenance done in designated areas at distance of at least 100 m from any water course with containment to prevent oil spills? • Is waste oil √ Waste oil is collected
26 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity I II III and/or proposed corrective/preventative actions) collected and and stored in designated recycled? place. • Is contaminated oil √ Contaminated oil material adequately materials are stored in a disposed of at designated place. designated waste disposal facilities? • Is the use of √ During this week use of herbicides herbicides were not avoided? seen. • Others (please specify Noise Control • Do air compressors √ and generators operate with doors closed? • Is idle √ plant/equipment turned off or throttled down? • Do air compressors √ NEL exceeded as per as and hand- held ITA and OSHA breakers have valid standards. noise emission labels (NEL)? • Any noise √ Ear plugs and ear muffs mitigation are provided to the measures adopted workers. (e.g. use noise barrier / enclosure)? • Are silenced √ Not observed during this √ equipment s week of inspection. utilized? • Others (please specify) Waste Management • Is the site kept √ Plastic and cigarette √ clean and tidy? residues were thrown (e.g. litter free, haphazardly and labour good camp still lacks good housekeeping) housekeeping. • Are separate √ chutes used for inert and non-inert wastes? • Are separated √ Such containers were √
27 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity I II III and/or proposed corrective/preventative actions) labelled containers not in practice during this / areas provided for week of inspection as facilitating recycling well. and waste segregation? • Are separated √ Separated containers √ containers labelled are not provided at first in proper language place. Existing (English, Chinese, containers are also not Nepalese)? labelled in proper language. • Are construction √ Construction waste are wastes /recyclable being filled in access wastes and general road areas. refuse removed off site regularly? • Are constructions √ Mocks are being wastes collected collected by project and disposed of vehicle. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ Chemical wastes are wastes, if any, collected if generated collected and and kept in designated disposed of places. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ wastes properly stored and labelled? • Are oil drums and √ They collect oils and plants/equipment s greases in separate provided with drip drums and when it is trays? filled, they sent for recycling to the manufacturers company. • Are drip trays free √ Collected in a drum and of oil and water? trays and was free of oil and water. • Is there any oil √ No oil spillage incidents spillage? Clean- up were observed. Site the supervisor told us they contaminated clean up immediately if soil immediately? such incidents occur. • Is litter, foam √ No such objectionable or other matters nearby water objectionable drain. matters in nearby
28 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity I II III and/or proposed corrective/preventative actions) water drain/sewer cleaned? • Are asbestos √ Such asbestos waste wastes handled by was not generated as registered per site supervisor. professionals? • If the wastes are √ Waste are collected by √ not collected by a private contractor but the specialized and workers are not trained authorized on how to dispose the company, are the waste. They dispose the wastes adequately waste in municipal treated? landfill site. • If there is a sanitary √ No sanitary landfill at landfill at site, is it site. adequately managed? Storage of Chemicals and Dangerous Goods • Are chemicals √ stored and labelled properly? • Are chemicals and √ dangerous goods data sheets available? • Is an emergency √ Emergency vehicles are plan in case of in place but specific plan accidental spillage for accidental spillage of chemicals and yet not formulated. /or dangerous goods available? • Are the personnel √ Contractor only provided periodically trained OSH and PPE how to deal with an awareness training and accidental spillage? there is no any expert who can handle accidental spillage among workers. • Does storage of DG √ comply with license conditions (include types and quantities if DG store is available, check the DG store license)? • Are proper √ measures to control oil spillage during
29 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity I II III and/or proposed corrective/preventative actions) maintenance or to control other chemicals spillage? (e.g. provide drip trays) • Are spill kits / sand √ / saw dust used for absorbing chemical spillage readily accessible? • Others (please specify) Protection of Flora, Fauna and Historical Heritage • Are disturbance to √ No such activities √ terrestrial flora inspected. minimized (e.g. plants to be preserved)? • Is hunting and √ poaching of forest products strictly prohibited? • Are firearms in the √ Project strictly prohibited, except for the security personnel? • Are Protection √ There is absence of no- Forests and other go area at site for sensitive areas protection of forest designated as “no areas. Local personnel go” areas? are restricted to go to sensitive areas though. • Is the entrance to √ There is no presence of “no go” areas no-go area at site strictly forbidden to all workers? • Is re‐vegetation of √ Revegetation activities disturbed areas haven t started yet. carried out with native plant species? • Are disturbance √ No specific actions were to terrestrial fauna observed to minimize minimized (if rare disturbances to species identified)? terrestrial faunas. • Any historical √ No any historical sites heritage exists on nearby site.
30 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity I II III and/or proposed corrective/preventative actions) site? If yes, ensure appropriate measures taken to preserve it. • Is a chance find √ There is no such chance √ procedure in place? find procedure in place. • If physical cultural √ No such physical cultural resources are resources encountered. encountered during the construction phase, have all works at the find site been immediately halted? • Has the find been assessed by a competent expert? • Have the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources been developed by the expert in cooperation with the relevant local heritage authority • Has the work not been resumed until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented? • When avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, has the physical cultural resource been removed and
31 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity I II III and/or proposed corrective/preventative actions) preserved according to the best available technique? • Are removals conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of national and/or local laws? • Are records of all finds maintained, including chain of custody instructions for movable finds? • Have all Project workers and staff been made aware of the chance find procedure? • Others (please specify) Emergency Preparedness and Response • Are fire √ Fire extinguisher is kept extinguishers / on all the required fighting facilities places. properly maintained and not expired? Escape not blocked/ obstructed? • Are accidents and √ Minor accidents like cuts incidents reported and bruises were and reviewed, and recorded, no major corrective & accident recorded. preventive actions Corrective actions are identified and identified and suggested recorded? to site supervisors. • Have preventive √ and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions, and exposure to chemicals been
32 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Inspection Item Implemenplemented? N/A Remarks Non-Comon-Compliance (i.e. specify location, levelevel Yes NNo* good practices, ONCC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions) considered? • Have appropriate √ PPE provided but personal protective workers hesitate to use it equipment (PPE) to in a regular basis. Ear minimize risks been muffs and ear plugs provided to the were also not used while workers? drilling inside tunnel area. • Has training for √ Conduct toolbox talk workers been every day before shift. provided? • Has an appropriate √ incentives system to use and comply with health and safety procedures and utilize PPE been shared with the workers? • Have procedures √ for documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases and incidents been defined? • Are emergency √ prevention, preparedness and response arrangements in place? • Others (please specify) PLEASE ANNEX ALL THE PHOTPHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE ENVIRONMENTAENTAL ISSUES AND NON CONFORMITIES OBSOBSERVED. ALL PHOTOGRAPHS SHALL BEE NUMBEREDNU AND THE RELEVANT NUMBERBER SHALL BE REPORTED ALSO IN THE TABLEABLE ABOVE WHERE ISSUE IS NOTED. *Any“No”recordedrepresentsthepotsthepotentialbreachofregulationorimprovementneedtneeded anddetailsofnonconformity(NC)NC) shall berecordedin theRemarks. *ReportNCinthefollowingforms.orms. EachNCshouldmakereferenceintothechecklistaklistas coded. TheresponsiblepersonnelrsonnelshallidentifytherootcauseofNCandadoptappropappropriate Correctiveandpreventiveactionsactions(CPA)formitigation. Confirmationoftheeffectivenessectivenessof theCPAshall beverifiedby(Team(Team Leader)withinanagreedtime.
Signature of site Inspector______or______Date:______
Reviewed by Team Leaderer ______Date: ______
33 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
34 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Project: Tanahu Hydropower Project Site Location: Powerhouse, Surge Tank, Wards and Camps Construction Stage / Status during Inspection: Construction stage Inspection Date: 6th– 10th September, 2020 Inspection Time: Afternoon Inspectedby: Bishal Bhattarai Weather: Sunny Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions) Air pollution Control • Are the √ construction sites watered to minimize dust generated? • Is cement √ debagging process undertaken in sheltered areas? • Are all vehicles √ Vehicles carrying dusty √ carrying dusty loads are covered but loads not watered prior to covered/watered leaving the site. over prior to leaving the site? • Are dust controlled √ Watered during drilling during percussive so no dust emission was drilling or rock observed. breaking? • Are demolition work √ Demolition work areas areas watered? were wet and no dust (e.g. trimming emission was observed. activities by using breaker) • Are dusty roads √ Dusty roads not paved √ paved and/or and are not sprayed with sprayed with water on a daily basis. water? • Are plant and √ Black smoke coming out equipment well of vehicles was not maintained? (any observed. black smoke observed, please indicate the plant/equipment and location) • Are speed √ Yes, Speed limit sign control measures boards are placed.
35 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
applied? (e.g. speed limit sign) • Are soil and √ temporary spoil piles covered or sprayed if generating dust? • Are piles that are √ Spoil piles was not not going to be observed. used in the short term allowed to develop vegetation cover? • Is burning of √ The burning is prohibited construction and in and around the domestic waste construction site. prohibited? Water pollution Control • Is wastewater √ Waste water treatment √ treatment system system was not being used and observed and all properly maintained wastewater is sent to on site? (e.g. septic tank in camp desilting tank) areas. • Are there any √ In powerhouse area the wastewater problem has been totally discharged to the solved as they had storm drains (river finally constructed a sources)? septic tank. • Are all sewage and √ All the sewage is being waste water discharged in septic tank discharges treated now. in an approved system to reach (before final disposal) national standards? • Is gray/black water √ No treatment is done but coming from the is discharged in septic toiles adequately tank. treated (septic tank, chlorination, etc.) before being released into the environment? • Is the sludge of the As the project is starting septic tank phase so in future this periodically activity will be carried. removed to keep the septic tank efficient? • Is the sludge √ Not observed during this √ removed week of inspection. adequately disposed of? • Are measures √ Not observed during this provided to properly week of inspection. direct effluent to silt
36 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
removal facilities? (e.g. provide earth bunds / U- channels) • Are sedimentation √ No sedimentation traps traps and tanks seen. free of silt and sediment? • Are fuel, oil and √ hazardous materials stored in designated areas with temporary impermeable bunds in accordance with international standards and at distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Is refueling of √ machinery, equipment and vehicles carried out at a distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Are major work √ including oil changing and engine maintenance done in designated areas at distance of at least 100 m from any water course with containment to prevent oil spills? • Is waste oil √ Waste oil is collected collected and and stored in designated recycled? place. • Is contaminated oil √ Contaminated oil material adequately materials are stored in a disposed of at designated place. designated waste disposal facilities? • Is the use of √ During this week use of herbicides herbicides were not avoided? seen. • Others (please specify Noise Control • Do air compressors √ and generators operate with doors closed? • Is idle √ plant/equipment
37 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
turned off or throttled down? • Do air compressors √ and hand- held breakers have valid noise emission labels (NEL)? • Any noise √ Ear plugs and ear muffs mitigation are provided to the measures adopted workers. (e.g. use noise barrier / enclosure)? • Are silenced √ Not observed during this √ equipment s week of inspection. utilized? • Others (please specify) Waste Management • Is the site kept √ Plastic and cigarette √ clean and tidy? residues were thrown (e.g. litter free, messily and labour camp good still lacks good housekeeping) housekeeping. • Are separate √ chutes used for inert and non-inert wastes? • Are separated √ Such containers were √ labelled containers not in practice during this / areas provided for week of inspection as facilitating recycling well. and waste segregation? • Are separated √ Separated containers √ containers labelled are not provided at first in proper language place. Existing (English, Chinese, containers are also not Nepalese)? labelled in proper language. • Are construction √ Construction waste are wastes /recyclable being filled in access wastes and general road areas. refuse removed off site regularly? • Are constructions √ Mocks are being wastes collected collected by project and disposed of vehicle. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ Chemical wastes are wastes, if any, collected if generated collected and and kept in designated disposed of places. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ wastes properly
38 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
stored and labelled? • Are oil drums and √ They collect oils and plants/equipment s greases in separate provided with drip drums and when it is trays? filled, they sent for recycling to the manufacturers company. • Are drip trays free √ Collected in a drum and of oil and water? trays and was free of oil and water. • Is there any oil √ No oil spillage incidents spillage? Clean- up were observed. Site the supervisor told us they contaminated clean up immediately if soil immediately? such incidents occur. • Is litter, foam √ No such objectionable or other matters nearby water objectionable drain. matters in nearby water drain/sewer cleaned? • Are asbestos √ Such asbestos waste wastes handled by was not generated as registered per site supervisor. professionals? • If the wastes are √ Waste are collected by √ not collected by a private contractor but the specialized and workers are not trained authorized on how to dispose the company, are the waste. They dispose the wastes adequately waste in municipal treated? landfill site. • If there is a sanitary √ No sanitary landfill at landfill at site, is it site. adequately managed? Storage of Chemicals and Dangerous Goods • Are chemicals √ stored and labelled properly? • Are chemicals and √ dangerous goods data sheets available? • Is an emergency √ Emergency vehicles are plan in case of in place but specific plan accidental spillage for accidental spillage of chemicals and yet not formulated. /or dangerous goods available? • Are the personnel √ Contractor only provided periodically trained OSH and PPE how to deal with an awareness training and accidental spillage? there is no any expert who can handle accidental spillage among workers.
39 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• Does storage of DG √ comply with license conditions (include types and quantities if DG store is available, check the DG store license)? • Are proper √ measures to control oil spillage during maintenance or to control other chemicals spillage? (e.g. provide drip trays) • Are spill kits / sand √ / saw dust used for absorbing chemical spillage readily accessible? • Others (please specify) Protection of Flora, Fauna and Historical Heritage • Are disturbance to √ No such activities √ terrestrial flora inspected. minimized (e.g. plants to be preserved)? • Is hunting and √ poaching of forest products strictly prohibited? • Are firearms in the √ Project strictly prohibited, except for the security personnel? • Are Protection √ There is absence of no- Forests and other go area at site for sensitive areas protection of forest designated as “no areas. Local personnel go” areas? are restricted to go to sensitive areas though. • Is the entrance to √ There is no presence of “no go” areas no-go area at site strictly forbidden to all workers? • Is re‐vegetation of √ Revegetation activities disturbed areas haven t started yet. carried out with native plant species? • Are disturbance √ No specific actions were to terrestrial fauna observed to minimize minimized (if rare disturbances to species identified)? terrestrial faunas. • Any historical √ No any historical sites
40 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
heritage exists on nearby site. site? If yes, ensure appropriate measures taken to preserve it. • Is a chance find √ There is no such chance √ procedure in place? find procedure in place. • If physical cultural √ No such physical cultural resources are resources encountered. encountered during the construction phase, have all works at the find site been immediately halted? • Has the find been assessed by a competent expert? • Have the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources been developed by the expert in cooperation with the relevant local heritage authority • Has the work not been resumed until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented? • When avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, has the physical cultural resource been removed and preserved according to the best available technique? • Are removals conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of national and/or
41 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
local laws? • Are records of all finds maintained, including chain of custody instructions for movable finds? • Have all Project workers and staff been made aware of the chance find procedure? • Others (please specify) Emergency Preparedness and Response • Are fire √ Fire extinguisher is kept extinguishers / on all the required fighting facilities places. properly maintained and not expired? Escape not blocked/ obstructed? • Are accidents and √ Minor accidents like cuts incidents reported and bruises were and reviewed, and recorded, no major corrective & accident recorded. preventive actions Corrective actions are identified and identified and suggested recorded? to site supervisors. • Have preventive √ and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions, and exposure to chemicals been considered? • Have appropriate √ PPE provided but personal protective workers hesitate to use it equipment (PPE) to in a regular basis. Ear minimize risks been muffs and ear plugs provided to the were also not used while workers? drilling inside tunnel area. • Has training for √ Conduct toolbox talk workers been every day before shift. provided? • Has an appropriate √ incentives system to use and comply with health and safety procedures and utilize PPE been shared with the workers?
42 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• Have procedures √ for documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases and incidents been defined? • Are emergency √ prevention, preparedness and response arrangements in place? • Others (please specify) PLEASE ANNEX ALL THE PHOTPHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE ENVIRONMENTAENTAL ISSUES AND NONCONFORMITIES OBSEOBSERVED. ALL PHOTOGRAPHS SHALL BEE NUMBEREDNU AND THE RELEVANT NUMBERBER SHALL BE REPORTED ALSO IN THE TABLEABLE ABOVE WHERE ISSUE IS NOTED. *Any“No”recordedrepresentsthepohepotentialbreachofregulationorimprovementneededneeded anddetailsofnonconformity(NC)) shashall berecordedin theRemarks. *ReportNCinthefollowingforms.s. EachEachNCshouldmakereferenceintothechecklistasistas coded. TheresponsiblepersonnelshallidenshallidentifytherootcauseofNCandadoptappropriatee Correctiveandpreventiveactions(Cons(CPA)formitigation. Confirmationoftheeffectivenessvenessof theCPAshall beverifiedby(Teameam LeaderLeader)withinanagreedtime. Signature of Site Inspector:or: Date: 9th Sep 2020 Weeklyeekly EnEnvironmental Inspection Checklist Project: Tanahu Hydropowdropower Project Site Location: Powerhouse,house, Surge Tank, Wards and Camps Construction Stage / Statuss durduring Inspection: Construction stage Inspection Date: 16th September,mber, 2020 Inspection Time: Morning Inspectedby: Bishal Bhattarairai Weather:Cloudy Inspection Item Implemenplemented? N/A Remarks Non-Com-Compliance (i.e. specify location, levelevel Yes No* good practices, ONCC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II IIIII corrective/preventative actions) Air pollution Controltrol • Are the √ No dust generation due construction sites to continuous rainfall for watered to 2 days. minimize dust generated? • Is cement √ Residential areas are debagging process 500m far from cement undertaken in debagging location. sheltered areas? • Are all vehicles √ Vehicles carrying dusty carrying dusty loads are covered but loads not watered prior to
43 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
covered/watered leaving the site. over prior to leaving the site? • Are dust controlled √ Watered during drilling during percussive so no dust emission was drilling or rock observed. breaking? • Are demolition √ Demolition work areas work areas were wet and no dust watered? (e.g. emission was observed. trimming activities by using breaker) • Are dusty roads √ Dusty roads are filled √ paved and/or with mocks but not sprayed with sprayed with water. water? • Are plant and √ Black smoke coming out equipment well of vehicles was not maintained? (any observed. black smoke observed, please indicate the plant/equipment and location) • Are speed √ Yes, Speed limit sign control measures boards are placed. applied? (e.g. speed limit sign) • Are soil and √ temporary spoil piles covered or sprayed if generating dust? • Are piles that are √ Spoil piles was not not going to be observed. used in the short term allowed to develop vegetation cover? • Is burning of √ The burning is prohibited construction and in and around the domestic waste construction site. prohibited? Water pollution Control • Is wastewater √ Waste water treatment √ treatment system system was not being used and observed and all properly wastewater is sent to maintained on site? septic tank in camp (e.g. desilting tank) areas. No such desilting tank. • Are there any √ Grey water coming out √ wastewater after washing a vehicle discharged to the was seen all over storm drains (river access road during this sources)? week of inspection. • Are all sewage and √ All the sewage is being waste water discharged in septic tank
44 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
discharges treated now. in an approved system to reach (before final disposal) national standards? • Is gray/black water √ No treatment is done but coming from the is discharged in septic toiles adequately tank preventing from treated (septic releasing to the tank, chlorination, environment. etc.) before being released into the environment? • Is the sludge of the As the project is starting septic tank phase so in future this periodically activity will be carried. removed to keep the septic tank efficient? • Is the sludge √ Not observed during this removed week of inspection. adequately disposed of? • Are measures √ Not observed during this provided to week of inspection. properly direct effluent to silt removal facilities? (e.g. provide earth bunds / U- channels) • Are sedimentation √ No sedimentation traps traps and tanks seen. free of silt and sediment? • Are fuel, oil and √ hazardous materials stored in designated areas with temporary impermeable bunds in accordance with international standards and at distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Is refueling of √ machinery, equipment and vehicles carried out at a distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Are major work √ including oil changing and
45 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
engine maintenance done in designated areas at distance of at least 100 m from any water course with containment to prevent oil spills? • Is waste oil √ Waste oil is collected collected and and stored in designated recycled? place. • Is contaminated oil √ Contaminated oil material adequately materials are stored in a disposed of at designated place. designated waste disposal facilities? • Is the use of √ During this week use of herbicides herbicides were not avoided? seen. • Others (please specify Noise Control • Do air compressors √ and generators operate with doors closed? • Is idle √ plant/equipment turned off or throttled down? • Do air compressors √ and hand- held breakers have valid noise emission labels (NEL)? • Any noise √ Ear plugs and ear muffs mitigation are provided to the measures adopted workers. (e.g. use noise barrier / enclosure)? • Are silenced √ Not observed during this √ equipment s week of inspection. utilized? • Others (please specify) Waste Management • Is the site kept √ Site still contains litters √ clean and tidy? and plastic waste are (e.g. litter free, thrown haphazardly good especially in store yard housekeeping) and powerhouse area. • Are separate √ chutes used for inert and non-inert wastes? • Are separated √ No such labelled √ containers were
46 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
labelled containers observed at site. / areas provided for facilitating recycling and waste segregation? • Are separated √ Separated containers √ containers labelled are not provided at first in proper language place. Existing (English, Chinese, containers are also not Nepalese)? labelled in proper language. • Are construction √ Construction waste are wastes /recyclable being filled in access wastes and general road areas. refuse removed off site regularly? • Are constructions √ Mocks are being wastes collected collected by project and disposed of vehicle. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ Chemical wastes are wastes, if any, collected if generated collected and and kept in designated disposed of places. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ wastes properly stored and labelled? • Are oil drums and √ They collect oils and plants/equipment s greases in separate provided with drip drums and when it is trays? filled, they sent for recycling to the manufacturers company. • Are drip trays free √ Collected in a drum and of oil and water? trays and was free of oil and water. • Is there any oil √ No oil spillage incidents spillage? Clean- up were observed. Site the supervisor told us they contaminated clean up immediately if soil immediately? such incidents occur. • Is litter, foam √ All the solid waste is √ or other disposed in a pit nearby objectionable river source coming out matters in nearby from store yard area. water drain/sewer cleaned? • Are asbestos √ Such asbestos waste wastes handled by was not generated as registered per site supervisor. professionals? • If the wastes are √ Waste are collected by √ not collected by a private contractor but the specialized and workers are not trained authorized on how to dispose the
47 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
company, are the waste. They dispose the wastes adequately waste in municipal treated? landfill site. • If there is a sanitary √ No sanitary landfill at landfill at site, is it site. adequately managed? Storage of Chemicals and Dangerous Goods • Are chemicals √ stored and labelled properly? • Are chemicals and √ dangerous goods data sheets available? • Is an emergency √ Emergency vehicles are plan in case of in place but specific plan accidental spillage for accidental spillage of chemicals and yet not formulated. /or dangerous goods available? • Are the personnel √ Contractor only provided periodically trained OSH and PPE how to deal with an awareness training and accidental spillage? there is no any expert who can handle accidental spillage among workers. • Does storage of √ DG comply with license conditions (include types and quantities if DG store is available, check the DG store license)? • Are proper √ measures to control oil spillage during maintenance or to control other chemicals spillage? (e.g. provide drip trays) • Are spill kits / sand √ / saw dust used for absorbing chemical spillage readily accessible? • Others (please specify) Protection of Flora, Fauna and Historical Heritage • Are disturbance to √ No such activities √ terrestrial flora inspected. minimized (e.g. plants to be preserved)?
48 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• Is hunting and √ poaching of forest products strictly prohibited? • Are firearms in the √ Project strictly prohibited, except for the security personnel? • Are Protection √ There is absence of no- Forests and other go area at site for sensitive areas protection of forest designated as “no areas. Local personnel go” areas? are restricted to go to sensitive areas though. • Is the entrance to √ There is no presence of “no go” areas no-go area at site strictly forbidden to all workers? • Is re‐vegetation of √ Revegetation activities disturbed areas haven t started yet. carried out with native plant species? • Are disturbance √ No specific actions were to terrestrial fauna observed to minimize minimized (if rare disturbances to species identified)? terrestrial faunas. • Any historical √ No any historical sites heritage exists on nearby site. site? If yes, ensure appropriate measures taken to preserve it. • Is a chance find √ There is no such chance √ procedure in find procedure in place. place? • If physical cultural √ No such physical cultural resources are resources encountered. encountered during the construction phase, have all works at the find site been immediately halted? • Has the find been assessed by a competent expert? • Have the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources been developed by the expert in cooperation with the relevant local
49 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
heritage authority • Has the work not been resumed until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented? • When avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, has the physical cultural resource been removed and preserved according to the best available technique? • Are removals conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of national and/or local laws? • Are records of all finds maintained, including chain of custody instructions for movable finds? • Have all Project workers and staff been made aware of the chance find procedure? • Others (please specify) Emergency Preparedness and Response • Are fire √ Fire extinguisher is kept extinguishers / on all the required fighting facilities places. properly maintained and not expired? Escape not blocked/ obstructed? • Are accidents and √ Minor accidents like cuts incidents reported and bruises were and reviewed, and recorded, no major corrective & accident recorded. preventive actions Corrective actions are
50 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
identified and identified and suggested recorded? to site supervisors. • Have preventive √ and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions, and exposure to chemicals been considered? • Have appropriate √ PPE provided but personal protective workers hesitate to use it equipment (PPE) to in a regular basis. Ear minimize risks muffs and ear plugs been provided to were also not used while the workers? drilling inside tunnel area. • Has training for √ Conduct toolbox talk workers been every day before shift. provided? • Has an appropriate √ incentives system to use and comply with health and safety procedures and utilize PPE been shared with the workers? • Have procedures √ for documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases and incidents been defined? • Are emergency √ prevention, preparedness and response arrangements in place? • Others (please specify) PLEASE ANNEX ALL THE PHOTPHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE ENVIRONMENTAENTAL ISSUES AND NON CONFORMITIES OBSOBSERVED. ALL PHOTOGRAPHS SHALL BEE NUMBEREDNU AND THE RELEVANT NUMBERBER SHALL BE REPORTED ALSO IN THE TABLEABLE ABOVE WHERE ISSUE IS NOTED. *Any“No”recordedrepresentsthepotsthepotentialbreachofregulationorimprovementneedtneeded anddetailsofnonconformity(NC)NC) shall berecordedin theRemarks. *ReportNCinthefollowingforms.orms. EachNCshouldmakereferenceintothechecklistaklistas coded. TheresponsiblepersonnelrsonnelshallidentifytherootcauseofNCandadoptappropappropriate Correctiveandpreventiveactionsactions(CPA)formitigation. Confirmationoftheeffectivenessectivenessof theCPAshall beverifiedby(Team(Team Leader)withinanagreedtime.
51 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Signature of Site Inspector: Date: 16th Sep 2020
Reviewed by Team Leader: Date:
52 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Weekly Environmental Inspection Checklist Project: Tanahu Hydropower Project Site Location: Powerhouse, Surge Tank, Wards and Camps Construction Stage / Status during Inspection: Construction stage Inspection Date: 24th September, 2020 Inspection Time: Morning Inspectedby: Bishal Bhattarai Weather:Sunny Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II III corrective/preventative actions) Air pollution Control • Are the √ No dust generation due construction sites to continuous rainfall for watered to 2 days. minimize dust generated? • Is cement √ Residential areas are debagging process 500m far from cement undertaken in debagging location. sheltered areas? • Are all vehicles √ Vehicles carrying dusty carrying dusty loads are covered but not loads watered prior to leaving covered/watered the site. over prior to leaving the site? • Are dust controlled √ Watered during drilling so during percussive no dust emission was drilling or rock observed. breaking? • Are demolition √ Demolition work areas work areas were wet and no dust watered? (e.g. emission was observed. trimming activities by using breaker) • Are dusty roads √ Dusty roads are filled √ paved and/or with mocks but not sprayed with sprayed with water. water? • Are plant and √ Black smoke coming out equipment well of vehicles was not maintained? (any observed. black smoke observed, please indicate the plant/equipment and location) • Are speed √ Yes, Speed limit sign control measures boards are placed. applied? (e.g.
53 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
speed limit sign) • Are soil and √ temporary spoil piles covered or sprayed if generating dust? • Are piles that are √ Spoil piles was not not going to be observed. used in the short term allowed to develop vegetation cover? • Is burning of √ The burning is prohibited construction and in and around the domestic waste construction site. prohibited? Water pollution Control • Is wastewater √ Waste water treatment √ treatment system system was not observed being used and and all wastewater is properly sent to septic tank in maintained on camp areas. No such site? (e.g. desilting desilting tank. tank) • Are there any √ Grey water coming out √ wastewater after washing a vehicle discharged to the was seen all over access storm drains (river road during this week of sources)? inspection. • Are all sewage and √ All the sewage is being waste water discharged in septic tank discharges treated now. in an approved system to reach (before final disposal) national standards? • Is gray/black water √ No treatment is done but coming from the is discharged in septic toiles adequately tank preventing from treated (septic releasing to the tank, chlorination, environment. etc.) before being released into the environment? • Is the sludge of the As the project is starting septic tank phase so in future this periodically activity will be carried. removed to keep the septic tank efficient? • Is the sludge √ Not observed during this removed week of inspection. adequately disposed of? • Are measures √ Not observed during this provided to week of inspection. properly direct
54 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
effluent to silt removal facilities? (e.g. provide earth bunds / U- channels) • Are sedimentation √ No sedimentation traps traps and tanks seen. free of silt and sediment? • Are fuel, oil and √ hazardous materials stored in designated areas with temporary impermeable bunds in accordance with international standards and at distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Is refueling of √ machinery, equipment and vehicles carried out at a distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Are major work √ including oil changing and engine maintenance done in designated areas at distance of at least 100 m from any water course with containment to prevent oil spills? • Is waste oil √ Waste oil is collected and collected and stored in designated recycled? place. • Is contaminated oil √ Contaminated oil material materials are stored in a adequately designated place. disposed of at designated waste disposal facilities? • Is the use of √ During this week use of herbicides herbicides were not avoided? seen. • Others (please specify Noise Control • Do air √ compressors and generators operate
55 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
with doors closed? • Is idle √ plant/equipment turned off or throttled down? • Do air √ compressors and hand- held breakers have valid noise emission labels (NEL)? • Any noise √ Ear plugs and ear muffs mitigation are provided to the measures adopted workers. (e.g. use noise barrier / enclosure)? • Are silenced √ Not observed during this √ equipment s week of inspection. utilized? • Others (please specify) Waste Management • Is the site kept √ Site still contains litters √ clean and tidy? and plastic waste are (e.g. litter free, thrown haphazardly good especially in store yard housekeeping) and powerhouse area. • Are separate √ chutes used for inert and non-inert wastes? • Are separated √ No such labelled √ labelled containers containers were / areas provided for observed at site. facilitating recycling and waste segregation? • Are separated √ Separated containers are √ containers labelled not provided at first in proper language place. Existing containers (English, Chinese, are also not labelled in Nepalese)? proper language. • Are construction √ Construction waste are wastes /recyclable being filled in access wastes and road areas. general refuse removed off site regularly? • Are constructions √ Mocks are being wastes collected collected by project and disposed of vehicle. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ Chemical wastes are
56 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
wastes, if any, collected if generated collected and and kept in designated disposed of places. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ wastes properly stored and labelled? • Are oil drums and √ They collect oils and plants/equipment s greases in separate provided with drip drums and when it is trays? filled, they sent for recycling to the manufacturers company. • Are drip trays free √ Collected in a drum and of oil and water? trays and was free of oil and water. • Is there any oil √ No oil spillage incidents spillage? Clean- up were observed. Site the supervisor told us they contaminated clean up immediately if soil immediately? such incidents occur. • Is litter, foam √ All the solid waste is √ or other disposed in a pit nearby objectionable river source coming out matters in nearby from store yard area. water drain/sewer cleaned? • Are asbestos √ Such asbestos waste wastes handled by was not generated as per registered site supervisor. professionals? • If the wastes are √ Waste are collected by √ not collected by a private contractor but the specialized and workers are not trained authorized on how to dispose the company, are the waste. They dispose the wastes adequately waste in municipal landfill treated? site. • If there is a √ No sanitary landfill at sanitary landfill at site. site, is it adequately managed? Storage of Chemicals and Dangerous Goods • Are chemicals √ stored and labelled properly? • Are chemicals and √ dangerous goods data sheets available? • Is an emergency √ Emergency vehicles are plan in case of in place but specific plan accidental spillage for accidental spillage yet of chemicals and not formulated.
57 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
/or dangerous goods available? • Are the personnel √ Contractor only provided periodically trained OSH and PPE how to deal with an awareness training and accidental there is no any expert spillage? who can handle accidental spillage among workers. • Does storage of √ DG comply with license conditions (include types and quantities if DG store is available, check the DG store license)? • Are proper √ measures to control oil spillage during maintenance or to control other chemicals spillage? (e.g. provide drip trays) • Are spill kits / sand √ / saw dust used for absorbing chemical spillage readily accessible? • Others (please specify) Protection of Flora, Fauna and Historical Heritage • Are disturbance to √ No such activities √ terrestrial flora inspected. minimized (e.g. plants to be preserved)? • Is hunting and √ poaching of forest products strictly prohibited? • Are firearms in the √ Project strictly prohibited, except for the security personnel? • Are Protection √ There is absence of no- Forests and other go area at site for sensitive areas protection of forest areas. designated as “no Local personnel are go” areas? restricted to go to sensitive areas though. • Is the entrance to √ There is no presence of “no go” areas no-go area at site strictly forbidden to all workers?
58 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• Is re‐vegetation of √ Revegetation activities disturbed areas haven t started yet. carried out with native plant species? • Are disturbance √ No specific actions were to terrestrial fauna observed to minimize minimized (if rare disturbances to terrestrial species identified)? faunas. • Any historical √ No any historical sites heritage exists on nearby site. site? If yes, ensure appropriate measures taken to preserve it. • Is a chance find √ There is no such chance √ procedure in find procedure in place. place? • If physical cultural √ No such physical cultural resources are resources encountered. encountered during the construction phase, have all works at the find site been immediately halted? • Has the find been assessed by a competent expert? • Have the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources been developed by the expert in cooperation with the relevant local heritage authority • Has the work not been resumed until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented? • When avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, has the
59 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
physical cultural resource been removed and preserved according to the best available technique? • Are removals conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of national and/or local laws? • Are records of all finds maintained, including chain of custody instructions for movable finds? • Have all Project workers and staff been made aware of the chance find procedure? • Others (please specify) Emergency Preparedness and Response • Are fire √ Fire extinguisher is kept extinguishers / on all the required fighting facilities places. properly maintained and not expired? Escape not blocked/ obstructed? • Are accidents and √ Minor accidents like cuts incidents reported and bruises were and reviewed, and recorded, no major corrective & accident recorded. preventive actions Corrective actions are identified and identified and suggested recorded? to site supervisors. • Have preventive √ and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions, and exposure to chemicals been considered? • Have appropriate √ PPE provided but personal protective workers hesitate to use it equipment (PPE) in a regular basis. Ear to minimize risks muffs and ear plugs were been provided to also not used while
60 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
the workers? drilling inside tunnel area. • Has training for √ Conduct toolbox talk workers been every day before shift. provided? • Has an appropriate √ incentives system to use and comply with health and safety procedures and utilize PPE been shared with the workers? • Have procedures √ for documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases and incidents been defined? • Are emergency √ prevention, preparedness and response arrangements in place? • Others (please specify) PLEASE ANNEX ALL THE PHOTPHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE ENVIRONMENTAENTAL ISSUES AND NON CONFORMITIES OBSOBSERVED. ALL PHOTOGRAPHS SHALL BEE NUMBEREDNU AND THE RELEVANT NUMBERBER SHALL BE REPORTED ALSO IN THE TABLEABLE ABOVE WHERE ISSUE IS NOTED. *Any“No”recordedrepresentsthepotsthepotentialbreachofregulationorimprovementneedtneeded anddetailsofnonconformity(NC)NC) shall berecordedin theRemarks. *ReportNCinthefollowingforms.orms. EachNCshouldmakereferenceintothechecklistaklistas coded. TheresponsiblepersonnelrsonnelshallidentifytherootcauseofNCandadoptappropappropriate Correctiveandpreventiveactionsactions(CPA)formitigation. Confirmationoftheeffectivenessectivenessof theCPAshall beverifiedby(Team(Team Leader)withinanagreedtime.
Signature of Site Inspector:or: Date:ate: 24th Sep 2020
Reviewed by Deputy Team LeadeLeader: Date: Project: Tanahu Hydropowdropower Project Site Location: Powerhouse,house, Surge Tank, Wards and Camps Construction Stage / Statuss durduring Inspection: Construction stage Inspection Date: 29-30th Septembereptember, 2020 Inspection Time: Morning Inspectedby: Bishal Bhattarairai Weather:Sunny Inspection Item Implemenemented? N/A Remarks Non-Comon-Compliance (i.e. specify location, levelevel Yes No* good practices, ONCC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of
61 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
nonconformity I II III and/or proposed corrective/preventative actions) Air pollution Control • Are the √ construction sites watered to minimize dust generated? • Is cement √ Residential areas are debagging process 500m far from cement undertaken in debagging location. sheltered areas? • Are all vehicles √ Vehicles carrying dusty carrying dusty loads are covered but not loads watered prior to leaving covered/watered the site. over prior to leaving the site? • Are dust controlled √ Watered during drilling so during percussive no dust emission was drilling or rock observed. breaking? • Are demolition √ Demolition work areas work areas were wet and no dust watered? (e.g. emission was observed. trimming activities by using breaker) • Are dusty roads √ Dusty roads are filled √ paved and/or with mocks but not sprayed with sprayed with water. water? • Are plant and √ Black smoke coming out equipment well of vehicles was not maintained? (any observed. black smoke observed, please indicate the plant/equipment and location) • Are speed √ Yes, Speed limit sign control measures boards are placed. applied? (e.g. speed limit sign) • Are soil and √ temporary spoil piles covered or sprayed if generating dust? • Are piles that are √ Spoil piles was not not going to be observed. used in the short term allowed to develop vegetation cover? • Is burning of √ The burning is prohibited construction and in and around the
62 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
domestic waste construction site. prohibited? Water pollution Control • Is wastewater √ Waste water treatment √ treatment system system was not observed being used and and all wastewater is properly sent to septic tank in maintained on camp areas. No such site? (e.g. desilting desilting tank. tank) • Are there any √ wastewater discharged to the storm drains (river sources)? • Are all sewage and √ All the sewage is being waste water discharged in septic tank discharges treated now. in an approved system to reach (before final disposal) national standards? • Is gray/black water √ No treatment is done but coming from the is discharged in septic toiles adequately tank preventing from treated (septic releasing to the tank, chlorination, environment. etc.) before being released into the environment? • Is the sludge of the As the project is starting septic tank phase so in future this periodically activity will be carried. removed to keep the septic tank efficient? • Is the sludge √ Not observed during this removed week of inspection. adequately disposed of? • Are measures √ Not observed during this provided to week of inspection. properly direct effluent to silt removal facilities? (e.g. provide earth bunds / U- channels) • Are sedimentation √ No sedimentation traps traps and tanks seen. free of silt and sediment? • Are fuel, oil and √ hazardous materials stored in designated areas with temporary impermeable
63 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
bunds in accordance with international standards and at distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Is refueling of √ machinery, equipment and vehicles carried out at a distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Are major work √ including oil changing and engine maintenance done in designated areas at distance of at least 100 m from any water course with containment to prevent oil spills? • Is waste oil √ Waste oil is collected and collected and stored in designated recycled? place. • Is contaminated oil √ Contaminated oil material materials are stored in a adequately designated place. disposed of at designated waste disposal facilities? • Is the use of √ During this week use of herbicides herbicides were not avoided? seen. • Others (please specify Noise Control • Do air √ compressors and generators operate with doors closed? • Is idle √ plant/equipment turned off or throttled down? • Do air √ compressors and hand- held breakers have valid noise emission labels (NEL)? • Any noise √ Ear plugs and ear muffs mitigation are provided to the
64 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
measures adopted workers. (e.g. use noise barrier / enclosure)? • Are silenced √ Not observed during this √ equipment s week of inspection. utilized? • Others (please specify) Waste Management • Is the site kept √ Site still contains litters √ clean and tidy? and plastic waste are (e.g. litter free, thrown haphazardly good especially in store yard housekeeping) and powerhouse area. • Are separate √ chutes used for inert and non-inert wastes? • Are separated √ No such labelled √ labelled containers containers were / areas provided for observed at site. facilitating recycling and waste segregation? • Are separated √ Separated containers are √ containers labelled not provided at first in proper language place. Existing containers (English, Chinese, are also not labelled in Nepalese)? proper language. • Are construction √ Construction waste are wastes /recyclable being filled in access wastes and road areas. general refuse removed off site regularly? • Are constructions √ Mocks are being wastes collected collected by project and disposed of vehicle. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ Chemical wastes are wastes, if any, collected if generated collected and and kept in designated disposed of places. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ wastes properly stored and labelled? • Are oil drums and √ They collect oils and plants/equipment s greases in separate provided with drip drums and when it is trays? filled, they sent for
65 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
recycling to the manufacturers company. • Are drip trays free √ Collected in a drum and of oil and water? trays and was free of oil and water. • Is there any oil √ No oil spillage incidents spillage? Clean- up were observed. Site the supervisor told us they contaminated clean up immediately if soil immediately? such incidents occur. • Is litter, foam √ All the solid waste is √ or other disposed in a pit nearby objectionable river source coming out matters in nearby from store yard area. water drain/sewer cleaned? • Are asbestos √ Such asbestos waste wastes handled by was not generated as per registered site supervisor. professionals? • If the wastes are √ Waste are collected by √ not collected by a private contractor but the specialized and workers are not trained authorized on how to dispose the company, are the waste. They dispose the wastes adequately waste in municipal landfill treated? site. • If there is a √ No sanitary landfill at sanitary landfill at site. site, is it adequately managed? Storage of Chemicals and Dangerous Goods • Are chemicals √ stored and labelled properly? • Are chemicals and √ dangerous goods data sheets available? • Is an emergency √ Emergency vehicles are plan in case of in place but specific plan accidental spillage for accidental spillage yet of chemicals and not formulated. /or dangerous goods available? • Are the personnel √ Contractor only provided periodically trained OSH and PPE how to deal with an awareness training and accidental there is no any expert spillage? who can handle accidental spillage among workers. • Does storage of √ DG comply with license conditions (include types and quantities if DG
66 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
store is available, check the DG store license)? • Are proper √ measures to control oil spillage during maintenance or to control other chemicals spillage? (e.g. provide drip trays) • Are spill kits / sand √ / saw dust used for absorbing chemical spillage readily accessible? • Others (please specify) Protection of Flora, Fauna and Historical Heritage • Are disturbance to √ No such activities √ terrestrial flora inspected. minimized (e.g. plants to be preserved)? • Is hunting and √ poaching of forest products strictly prohibited? • Are firearms in the √ Project strictly prohibited, except for the security personnel? • Are Protection √ There is absence of no- Forests and other go area at site for sensitive areas protection of forest areas. designated as “no Local personnel are go” areas? restricted to go to sensitive areas though. • Is the entrance to √ There is no presence of “no go” areas no-go area at site strictly forbidden to all workers? • Is re‐vegetation of √ Revegetation activities disturbed areas haven t started yet. carried out with native plant species? • Are disturbance √ No specific actions were to terrestrial fauna observed to minimize minimized (if rare disturbances to terrestrial species identified)? faunas. • Any historical √ No any historical sites heritage exists on nearby site. site? If yes, ensure appropriate measures taken to
67 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
preserve it. • Is a chance find √ There is no such chance √ procedure in find procedure in place. place? • If physical cultural √ No such physical cultural resources are resources encountered. encountered during the construction phase, have all works at the find site been immediately halted? • Has the find been assessed by a competent expert? • Have the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources been developed by the expert in cooperation with the relevant local heritage authority • Has the work not been resumed until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented? • When avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, has the physical cultural resource been removed and preserved according to the best available technique? • Are removals conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of national and/or local laws? • Are records of all
68 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
finds maintained, including chain of custody instructions for movable finds? • Have all Project workers and staff been made aware of the chance find procedure? • Others (please specify) Emergency Preparedness and Response • Are fire √ Fire extinguisher is kept extinguishers / on all the required fighting facilities places. properly maintained and not expired? Escape not blocked/ obstructed? • Are accidents and √ Minor accidents like cuts incidents reported and bruises were and reviewed, and recorded, no major corrective & accident recorded. preventive actions Corrective actions are identified and identified and suggested recorded? to site supervisors. • Have preventive √ and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions, and exposure to chemicals been considered? • Have appropriate √ PPE provided but personal protective workers hesitate to use it equipment (PPE) in a regular basis. Ear to minimize risks muffs and ear plugs were been provided to also not used while the workers? drilling inside tunnel area. • Has training for √ Conduct toolbox talk workers been every day before shift. provided? • Has an appropriate √ incentives system to use and comply with health and safety procedures and utilize PPE been shared with the workers? • Have procedures √ for documenting
69 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
and reporting occupational accidents, diseases and incidents been defined? • Are emergency √ prevention, preparedness and response arrangements in place? • Others (please specify) PLEASE ANNEX ALL THE PHOTPHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE ENVIRONMENTAENTAL ISSUES AND NON CONFORMITIES OBSOBSERVED. ALL PHOTOGRAPHS SHALL BEE NUMBEREDNU AND THE RELEVANT NUMBERBER SHALL BE REPORTED ALSO IN THE TABLEABLE ABOVE WHERE ISSUE IS NOTED. *Any“No”recordedrepresentsthepotsthepotentialbreachofregulationorimprovementneedtneeded anddetailsofnonconformity(NC)NC) shall berecordedin theRemarks. *ReportNCinthefollowingforms.orms. EachNCshouldmakereferenceintothechecklistaklistas coded. TheresponsiblepersonnelshallidenshallidentifytherootcauseofNCandadoptappropriateiate Correctiveandpreventiveactionsactions(CPA)formitigation. Confirmationoftheeffectivenessectivenessof theCPAshall beverifiedby(Team(Team Leader)withinanagreedtime.
Signature of Site Inspector:or: Date:ate: 30th Sep 2020
Reviewed by Deputy Team LeadeLeader: Date:
70 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Environmental Inspection Checklist Project: Tanahu Hydropower Project Site Location: Powerhouse, Surge Tank, Wards and Camps Construction Stage / Status during Inspection: Construction stage Inspection Date: 6th – 10th October, 2020 Inspection Time: Afternoon Inspectedby: Bishal Bhattarai Weather: Sunny Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity I II III and/or proposed corrective/preventative actions) Air pollution Control • Are the √ construction sites watered to minimize dust generated? • Is cement √ debagging process undertaken in sheltered areas? • Are all vehicles √ Vehicles carrying dusty √ carrying dusty loads are covered but not loads watered prior to leaving covered/watered the site. over prior to leaving the site? • Are dust controlled √ Watered during drilling so during percussive no dust emission was drilling or rock observed. breaking? • Are demolition √ Demolition work areas work areas were wet and no dust watered? (e.g. emission was observed. trimming activities by using breaker) • Are dusty roads √ Dusty roads not paved √ paved and/or and are not sprayed with sprayed with water on a daily basis. water? • Are plant and √ Black smoke coming out equipment well of vehicles was not maintained? (any observed. black smoke observed, please indicate the plant/equipment and location) • Are speed √ Yes, Speed limit sign
71 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
control measures boards are placed. applied? (e.g. speed limit sign) • Are soil and √ temporary spoil piles covered or sprayed if generating dust? • Are piles that are √ Spoil piles was not not going to be observed. used in the short term allowed to develop vegetation cover? • Is burning of √ The burning is prohibited construction and in and around the domestic waste construction site. prohibited? Water pollution Control • Is wastewater √ Waste water treatment √ treatment system system was not observed being used and and all wastewater is properly sent to septic tank in maintained on site? camp areas. (e.g. desilting tank) • Are there any √ In powerhouse area the wastewater problem has been totally discharged to the solved as they had finally storm drains (river constructed a septic tank. sources)? • Are all sewage and √ All the sewage is being waste water discharged in septic tank discharges treated now. in an approved system to reach (before final disposal) national standards? • Is gray/black water √ No treatment is done but coming from the is discharged in septic toiles adequately tank. treated (septic tank, chlorination, etc.) before being released into the environment? • Is the sludge of the As the project is starting septic tank phase so in future this periodically activity will be carried. removed to keep the septic tank efficient? • Is the sludge √ Not observed during this √ removed week of inspection. adequately disposed of? • Are measures √ Not observed during this provided to week of inspection.
72 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
properly direct effluent to silt removal facilities? (e.g. provide earth bunds / U- channels) • Are sedimentation √ No sedimentation traps traps and tanks seen. free of silt and sediment? • Are fuel, oil and √ hazardous materials stored in designated areas with temporary impermeable bunds in accordance with international standards and at distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Is refueling of √ machinery, equipment and vehicles carried out at a distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Are major work √ including oil changing and engine maintenance done in designated areas at distance of at least 100 m from any water course with containment to prevent oil spills? • Is waste oil √ Waste oil is collected and collected and stored in designated recycled? place. • Is contaminated oil √ Contaminated oil material materials are stored in a adequately designated place. disposed of at designated waste disposal facilities? • Is the use of √ During this week use of herbicides herbicides were not avoided? seen. • Others (please specify Noise Control • Do air compressors √ and generators
73 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
operate with doors closed? • Is idle √ plant/equipment turned off or throttled down? • Do air compressors √ and hand- held breakers have valid noise emission labels (NEL)? • Any noise √ Ear plugs and ear muffs mitigation are provided to the measures adopted workers. (e.g. use noise barrier / enclosure)? • Are silenced √ Not observed during this √ equipment s week of inspection. utilized? • Others (please specify) Waste Management • Is the site kept √ Plastic and cigarette √ clean and tidy? residues were thrown (e.g. litter free, messily and labour camp good still lacks good housekeeping) housekeeping. • Are separate √ chutes used for inert and non-inert wastes? • Are separated √ Such containers were not √ labelled containers in practice during this / areas provided for week of inspection as facilitating recycling well. and waste segregation? • Are separated √ Separated containers are √ containers labelled not provided at first in proper language place. Existing containers (English, Chinese, are also not labelled in Nepalese)? proper language. • Are construction √ Construction waste are wastes /recyclable being filled in access wastes and general road areas. refuse removed off site regularly? • Are constructions √ Mocks are being wastes collected collected by project and disposed of vehicle. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ Chemical wastes are wastes, if any, collected if generated collected and and kept in designated disposed of places.
74 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ wastes properly stored and labelled? • Are oil drums and √ They collect oils and plants/equipment s greases in separate provided with drip drums and when it is trays? filled, they sent for recycling to the manufacturers company. • Are drip trays free √ Collected in a drum and of oil and water? trays and was free of oil and water. • Is there any oil √ No oil spillage incidents spillage? Clean- up were observed. Site the supervisor told us they contaminated clean up immediately if soil immediately? such incidents occur. • Is litter, foam √ No such objectionable or other matters nearby water objectionable drain. matters in nearby water drain/sewer cleaned? • Are asbestos √ Such asbestos waste wastes handled by was not generated as per registered site supervisor. professionals? • If the wastes are √ Waste are collected by √ not collected by a private contractor but the specialized and workers are not trained authorized on how to dispose the company, are the waste. They dispose the wastes adequately waste in municipal landfill treated? site. • If there is a √ No sanitary landfill at sanitary landfill at site. site, is it adequately managed? Storage of Chemicals and Dangerous Goods • Are chemicals √ stored and labelled properly? • Are chemicals and √ dangerous goods data sheets available? • Is an emergency √ Emergency vehicles are plan in case of in place but specific plan accidental spillage for accidental spillage yet of chemicals and not formulated. /or dangerous goods available? • Are the personnel √ Contractor only provided
75 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
periodically trained OSH and PPE how to deal with an awareness training and accidental there is no any expert spillage? who can handle accidental spillage among workers. • Does storage of √ DG comply with license conditions (include types and quantities if DG store is available, check the DG store license)? • Are proper √ measures to control oil spillage during maintenance or to control other chemicals spillage? (e.g. provide drip trays) • Are spill kits / sand √ / saw dust used for absorbing chemical spillage readily accessible? • Others (please specify) Protection of Flora, Fauna and Historical Heritage • Are disturbance to √ No such activities √ terrestrial flora inspected. minimized (e.g. plants to be preserved)? • Is hunting and √ poaching of forest products strictly prohibited? • Are firearms in the √ Project strictly prohibited, except for the security personnel? • Are Protection √ There is absence of no- Forests and other go area at site for sensitive areas protection of forest areas. designated as “no Local personnel are go” areas? restricted to go to sensitive areas though. • Is the entrance to √ There is no presence of “no go” areas no-go area at site strictly forbidden to all workers? • Is re‐vegetation of √ Revegetation activities disturbed areas haven t started yet. carried out with
76 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
native plant species? • Are disturbance √ No specific actions were to terrestrial fauna observed to minimize minimized (if rare disturbances to terrestrial species identified)? faunas. • Any historical √ No any historical sites heritage exists on nearby site. site? If yes, ensure appropriate measures taken to preserve it. • Is a chance find √ There is no such chance √ procedure in find procedure in place. place? • If physical cultural √ No such physical cultural resources are resources encountered. encountered during the construction phase, have all works at the find site been immediately halted? • Has the find been assessed by a competent expert? • Have the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources been developed by the expert in cooperation with the relevant local heritage authority • Has the work not been resumed until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented? • When avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, has the physical cultural resource been removed and
77 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
preserved according to the best available technique? • Are removals conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of national and/or local laws? • Are records of all finds maintained, including chain of custody instructions for movable finds? • Have all Project workers and staff been made aware of the chance find procedure? • Others (please specify) Emergency Preparedness and Response • Are fire √ Fire extinguisher is kept extinguishers / on all the required fighting facilities places. properly maintained and not expired? Escape not blocked/ obstructed? • Are accidents and √ Minor accidents like cuts incidents reported and bruises were and reviewed, and recorded, no major corrective & accident recorded. preventive actions Corrective actions are identified and identified and suggested recorded? to site supervisors. • Have preventive √ and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions, and exposure to chemicals been considered? • Have appropriate √ PPE provided but personal protective workers hesitate to use it equipment (PPE) in a regular basis. Ear to minimize risks muffs and ear plugs were been provided to also not used while the workers? drilling inside tunnel area. • Has training for √ Conduct toolbox talk workers been every day before shift.
78 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
provided? • Has an appropriate √ incentives system to use and comply with health and safety procedures and utilize PPE been shared with the workers? • Have procedures √ for documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases and incidents been defined? • Are emergency √ prevention, preparedness and response arrangements in place? • Others (please specify) PLEASE ANNEX ALL THE PHOTPHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE ENVIRONMENTAENTAL ISSUES AND NON CONFORMITIES OBSOBSERVED. ALL PHOTOGRAPHS SHALL BENUENUMBERED AND THE RELEVANT NUMBERBER SHALL BE REPORTED ALSO IN THE TABLEABLE ABOVE WHERE ISSUE IS NOTED. *Any“No”recordedrepresentsthepohepotentialbreachofregulationorimprovementneededneeded anddetailsofnonconformity(NC)) shashall berecordedin theRemarks. *ReportNCinthefollowingforms.s. EachNCshouldmakereferenceintothechecklistasklistas coded. TheresponsiblepersonnelshallidenshallidentifytherootcauseofNCandadoptappropriatee Correctiveandpreventiveactions(Cons(CPA)formitigation. Confirmationoftheeffecheeffectivenessof theCPAshall beverifiedby(Teameam LeaderLeader)withinanagreedtime. Signature of site Inspector______Date: 15th October 2020 Weeklyeekly EnEnvironmental Inspection Checklist Project: Tanahu Hydropowdropower Project Site Location: Powerhouse,house, Surge Tank, Wards and Camps Construction Stage / Statuss durduring Inspection: Construction stage Inspection Date: 13th November,mber, 2020 Inspection Time: Afternoon Inspectedby: Bishal Bhattarairai Weather: Sunny Inspection Item Implemenemented? N/A Remarks Non-Comon-Compliance (i.e. specify location, levelevel Yes No* good practices, ONCC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II IIIII corrective/preventative actions) Air pollution Controltrol
79 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• Are the √ construction sites watered to minimize dust generated? • Is cement √ debagging process undertaken in sheltered areas? • Are all vehicles √ Vehicles carrying dusty √ carrying dusty loads are covered but not loads watered prior to leaving covered/watered the site. over prior to leaving the site? • Are dust controlled √ Watered during drilling so during percussive no dust emission was drilling or rock observed. breaking? • Are demolition √ Demolition work areas work areas were wet and no dust watered? (e.g. emission was observed. trimming activities by using breaker) • Are dusty roads √ Dusty roads not paved √ paved and/or and are not sprayed with sprayed with water on a daily basis. water? • Are plant and √ Black smoke coming out equipment well of vehicles was not maintained? (any observed. black smoke observed, please indicate the plant/equipment and location) • Are speed √ Yes, Speed limit sign control measures boards are placed. applied? (e.g. speed limit sign) • Are soil and √ temporary spoil piles covered or sprayed if generating dust? • Are piles that are √ Spoil piles was not not going to be observed. used in the short term allowed to develop vegetation cover? • Is burning of √ The burning is prohibited √ construction and in and around the domestic waste construction site but in prohibited? store yard area burning of waste was found. Water pollution Control • Is wastewater √ Waste water treatment √
80 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
treatment system system was not observed being used and and all wastewater is properly sent to septic tank in maintained on camp areas. site? (e.g. desilting tank) • Are there any √ In powerhouse area the wastewater problem has been totally discharged to the solved as they had finally storm drains (river constructed a septic tank. sources)? • Are all sewage and √ All the sewage is being waste water discharged in septic tank discharges treated now. in an approved system to reach (before final disposal) national standards? • Is gray/black water √ No treatment is done but coming from the is discharged in septic toiles adequately tank. treated (septic tank, chlorination, etc.) before being released into the environment? • Is the sludge of the As the project is starting septic tank phase so in future this periodically activity will be carried. removed to keep the septic tank efficient? • Is the sludge √ Not observed during this √ removed week of inspection. adequately disposed of? • Are measures √ Not observed during this provided to week of inspection. properly direct effluent to silt removal facilities? (e.g. provide earth bunds / U- channels) • Are sedimentation √ No sedimentation traps traps and tanks seen. free of silt and sediment? • Are fuel, oil and √ hazardous materials stored in designated areas with temporary impermeable bunds in accordance with international standards and at
81 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Is refueling of √ machinery, equipment and vehicles carried out at a distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Are major work √ including oil changing and engine maintenance done in designated areas at distance of at least 100 m from any water course with containment to prevent oil spills? • Is waste oil √ Waste oil is collected and collected and stored in designated recycled? place. • Is contaminated oil √ Contaminated oil material materials are stored in a adequately designated place. disposed of at designated waste disposal facilities? • Is the use of √ During this week use of herbicides herbicides were not avoided? seen. • Others (please specify Noise Control • Do air √ compressors and generators operate with doors closed? • Is idle √ plant/equipment turned off or throttled down? • Do air √ compressors and hand- held breakers have valid noise emission labels (NEL)? • Any noise √ Ear plugs and ear muffs mitigation are provided to the measures adopted workers. (e.g. use noise barrier / enclosure)?
82 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• Are silenced √ Not observed during this √ equipment s week of inspection. utilized? • Others (please specify) Waste Management • Is the site kept √ Plastic and cigarette √ clean and tidy? residues were thrown (e.g. litter free, messily and labour camp good still lacks good housekeeping) housekeeping. • Are separate √ chutes used for inert and non-inert wastes? • Are separated √ Such containers were not √ labelled containers in practice during this / areas provided for week of inspection as facilitating well. recycling and waste segregation? • Are separated √ Separated containers are √ containers labelled not provided at first in proper language place. Existing containers (English, Chinese, are also not labelled in Nepalese)? proper language. • Are construction √ Construction waste are wastes /recyclable being filled in access wastes and road areas. general refuse removed off site regularly? • Are constructions √ Mocks are being wastes collected collected by project and disposed of vehicle. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ Chemical wastes are wastes, if any, collected if generated collected and and kept in designated disposed of places. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ wastes properly stored and labelled? • Are oil drums and √ They collect oils and plants/equipment s greases in separate provided with drip drums and when it is trays? filled, they sent for recycling to the manufacturers company. • Are drip trays free √ Collected in a drum and of oil and water? trays and was free of oil
83 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
and water. • Is there any oil √ No oil spillage incidents spillage? Clean- up were observed. Site the supervisor told us they contaminated clean up immediately if soil immediately? such incidents occur. • Is litter, foam √ No such objectionable or other matters nearby water objectionable drain. matters in nearby water drain/sewer cleaned? • Are asbestos √ Such asbestos waste wastes handled by was not generated as per registered site supervisor. professionals? • If the wastes are √ Waste are collected by √ not collected by a private contractor but the specialized and workers are not trained authorized on how to dispose the company, are the waste. They dispose the wastes adequately waste in municipal landfill treated? site. • If there is a √ No sanitary landfill at sanitary landfill at site. site, is it adequately managed? Storage of Chemicals and Dangerous Goods • Are chemicals √ stored and labelled properly? • Are chemicals and √ dangerous goods data sheets available? • Is an emergency √ Emergency vehicles are plan in case of in place but specific plan accidental spillage for accidental spillage yet of chemicals and not formulated. /or dangerous goods available? • Are the personnel √ Contractor only provided periodically trained OSH and PPE how to deal with an awareness training and accidental there is no any expert spillage? who can handle accidental spillage among workers. • Does storage of √ DG comply with license conditions (include types and quantities if DG store is available, check the DG store license)? • Are proper √
84 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
measures to control oil spillage during maintenance or to control other chemicals spillage? (e.g. provide drip trays) • Are spill kits / sand √ / saw dust used for absorbing chemical spillage readily accessible? • Others (please specify) Protection of Flora, Fauna and Historical Heritage • Are disturbance to √ No such activities √ terrestrial flora inspected. minimized (e.g. plants to be preserved)? • Is hunting and √ poaching of forest products strictly prohibited? • Are firearms in the √ Project strictly prohibited, except for the security personnel? • Are Protection √ There is absence of no- Forests and other go area at site for sensitive areas protection of forest areas. designated as “no Local personnel are go” areas? restricted to go to sensitive areas though. • Is the entrance to √ There is no presence of “no go” areas no-go area at site strictly forbidden to all workers? • Is re‐vegetation of √ Revegetation activities disturbed areas haven t started yet. carried out with native plant species? • Are disturbance √ No specific actions were to terrestrial fauna observed to minimize minimized (if rare disturbances to terrestrial species identified)? faunas. • Any historical √ No any historical sites heritage exists on nearby site. site? If yes, ensure appropriate measures taken to preserve it. • Is a chance find √ There is no such chance √ procedure in find procedure in place. place?
85 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• If physical cultural √ No such physical cultural resources are resources encountered. encountered during the construction phase, have all works at the find site been immediately halted? • Has the find been assessed by a competent expert? • Have the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources been developed by the expert in cooperation with the relevant local heritage authority • Has the work not been resumed until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented? • When avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, has the physical cultural resource been removed and preserved according to the best available technique? • Are removals conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of national and/or local laws? • Are records of all finds maintained, including chain of custody instructions for
86 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
movable finds? • Have all Project workers and staff been made aware of the chance find procedure? • Others (please specify) Emergency Preparedness and Response • Are fire √ Fire extinguisher is kept extinguishers / on all the required fighting facilities places. properly maintained and not expired? Escape not blocked/ obstructed? • Are accidents and √ Minor accidents like cuts incidents reported and bruises were and reviewed, and recorded, no major corrective & accident recorded. preventive actions Corrective actions are identified and identified and suggested recorded? to site supervisors. • Have preventive √ and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions, and exposure to chemicals been considered? • Have appropriate √ PPE provided but personal protective workers hesitate to use it equipment (PPE) in a regular basis. Ear to minimize risks muffs and ear plugs were been provided to also not used while the workers? drilling inside tunnel area. • Has training for √ Conduct toolbox talk workers been every day before shift. provided? • Has an appropriate √ incentives system to use and comply with health and safety procedures and utilize PPE been shared with the workers? • Have procedures √ for documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases and
87 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
incidents been defined? • Are emergency √ prevention, preparedness and response arrangements in place? • Others (please specify) PLEASE ANNEX ALL THE PHOTPHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE ENVIRONMENTAENTAL ISSUES AND NON CONFORMITIES OBSOBSERVED. ALL PHOTOGRAPHS SHALL BEE NUMBEREDNU AND THE RELEVANT NUMBERBER SHALL BE REPORTED ALSO IN THE TABLEABLE ABOVE WHERE ISSUE IS NOTED. *Any“No”recordedrepresentsthepohepotentialbreachofregulationorimprovementneededneeded anddetailsofnonconformity(NC)) shashall berecordedin theRemarks. *ReportNCinthefollowingforms.s. EachNCshouldmakereferenceintothechecklistasklistas coded. TheresponsiblepersonnelshallidenshallidentifytherootcauseofNCandadoptappropriatee Correctiveandpreventiveactions(Cons(CPA)formitigation. Confirmationoftheeffecheeffectivenessof theCPAshall beverifiedby(Teameam LeaderLeader)withinanagreedtime. Signature of Site Inspector: Date: 13th Nov 2020 Weeklyeekly EnEnvironmental Inspection Checklist Project: Tanahu Hydropowdropower Project Site Location: Powerhouse,house, Surge Tank, Wards and Camps Construction Stage / Statuss durduring Inspection: Construction stage Inspection Date: 29th November,mber, 2020 Inspection Time: Morning Inspectedby: Bishal Bhattarairai Weather:Cloudy Inspection Item Implemenemented? N/A Remarks Non-Comon-Compliance (i.e. specify location, levelevel Yes No* good practices, ONCC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity and/or proposed I II IIIII corrective/preventative actions) Air pollution Controltrol • Are the √ Construction Sites are construction sites watered but not on a watered to daily basis. minimize dust generated? • Is cement √ Residential areas are debagging process 500m far from cement undertaken in debagging location. sheltered areas? • Are all vehicles √ Vehicles carrying dusty carrying dusty loads are covered but not loads watered prior to leaving covered/watered the site. over prior to leaving the site? • Are dust controlled √ Watered during drilling so
88 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
during percussive no dust emission was drilling or rock observed. breaking? • Are demolition √ Demolition work areas work areas were wet and no dust watered? (e.g. emission was observed. trimming activities by using breaker) • Are dusty roads √ Dusty roads are filled √ paved and/or with mocks but not sprayed with sprayed with water. water? • Are plant and √ Black smoke coming out equipment well of vehicles was not maintained? (any observed. black smoke observed, please indicate the plant/equipment and location) • Are speed √ Yes, Speed limit sign control measures boards are placed. applied? (e.g. speed limit sign) • Are soil and √ temporary spoil piles covered or sprayed if generating dust? • Are piles that are √ Spoil piles was not not going to be observed. used in the short term allowed to develop vegetation cover? • Is burning of √ The burning is prohibited construction and in and around the domestic waste construction site. prohibited? Water pollution Control • Is wastewater √ Waste water treatment √ treatment system system was not observed being used and and all wastewater is properly sent to septic tank in maintained on camp areas. No such site? (e.g. desilting desilting tank. tank) • Are there any √ Grey water coming out √ wastewater after washing a vehicle discharged to the was seen all over access storm drains (river road during this week of sources)? inspection. • Are all sewage and √ All the sewage is being waste water discharged in septic tank discharges treated now. in an approved system to reach (before final
89 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
disposal) national standards? • Is gray/black water √ No treatment is done but coming from the is discharged in septic toiles adequately tank preventing from treated (septic releasing to the tank, chlorination, environment. etc.) before being released into the environment? • Is the sludge of the As the project is starting septic tank phase so in future this periodically activity will be carried. removed to keep the septic tank efficient? • Is the sludge √ Not observed during this removed week of inspection. adequately disposed of? • Are measures √ Not observed during this provided to week of inspection. properly direct effluent to silt removal facilities? (e.g. provide earth bunds / U- channels) • Are sedimentation √ No sedimentation traps traps and tanks seen. free of silt and sediment? • Are fuel, oil and √ hazardous materials stored in designated areas with temporary impermeable bunds in accordance with international standards and at distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Is refueling of √ machinery, equipment and vehicles carried out at a distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Are major work √ including oil changing and engine maintenance done in designated areas at distance
90 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
of at least 100 m from any water course with containment to prevent oil spills? • Is waste oil √ Waste oil is collected and collected and stored in designated recycled? place. • Is contaminated oil √ Contaminated oil material materials are stored in a adequately designated place. disposed of at designated waste disposal facilities? • Is the use of √ During this week use of herbicides herbicides were not avoided? seen. • Others (please specify Noise Control • Do air √ compressors and generators operate with doors closed? • Is idle √ plant/equipment turned off or throttled down? • Do air √ compressors and hand- held breakers have valid noise emission labels (NEL)? • Any noise √ Ear plugs and ear muffs mitigation are provided to the measures adopted workers. (e.g. use noise barrier / enclosure)? • Are silenced √ Not observed during this √ equipment s week of inspection. utilized? • Others (please specify) Waste Management • Is the site kept √ Site still contains litters √ clean and tidy? and plastic waste are (e.g. litter free, thrown haphazardly good especially in store yard housekeeping) and powerhouse area. • Are separate √ chutes used for inert and non-inert wastes? • Are separated √ No such labelled √ containers were
91 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
labelled containers observed at site. / areas provided for facilitating recycling and waste segregation? • Are separated √ Separated containers are √ containers labelled not provided at first in proper language place. Existing containers (English, Chinese, are also not labelled in Nepalese)? proper language. • Are construction √ Construction waste are wastes /recyclable being filled in access wastes and road areas. general refuse removed off site regularly? • Are constructions √ Mocks are being wastes collected collected by project and disposed of vehicle. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ Chemical wastes are wastes, if any, collected if generated collected and and kept in designated disposed of places. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ wastes properly stored and labelled? • Are oil drums and √ They collect oils and plants/equipment s greases in separate provided with drip drums and when it is trays? filled, they sent for recycling to the manufacturers company. • Are drip trays free √ Collected in a drum and of oil and water? trays and was free of oil and water. • Is there any oil √ No oil spillage incidents spillage? Clean- up were observed. Site the supervisor told us they contaminated clean up immediately if soil immediately? such incidents occur. • Is litter, foam √ All the solid waste is √ or other disposed in a pit nearby objectionable river source coming out matters in nearby from store yard area. water drain/sewer cleaned? • Are asbestos √ Such asbestos waste wastes handled by was not generated as per registered site supervisor. professionals? • If the wastes are √ Waste are collected by √
92 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
not collected by a private contractor but the specialized and workers are not trained authorized on how to dispose the company, are the waste. They dispose the wastes adequately waste in municipal landfill treated? site. • If there is a √ No sanitary landfill at sanitary landfill at site. site, is it adequately managed? Storage of Chemicals and Dangerous Goods • Are chemicals √ stored and labelled properly? • Are chemicals and √ dangerous goods data sheets available? • Is an emergency √ Emergency vehicles are plan in case of in place but specific plan accidental spillage for accidental spillage yet of chemicals and not formulated. /or dangerous goods available? • Are the personnel √ Contractor only provided periodically trained OSH and PPE how to deal with an awareness training and accidental there is no any expert spillage? who can handle accidental spillage among workers. • Does storage of √ DG comply with license conditions (include types and quantities if DG store is available, check the DG store license)? • Are proper √ measures to control oil spillage during maintenance or to control other chemicals spillage? (e.g. provide drip trays) • Are spill kits / sand √ / saw dust used for absorbing chemical spillage readily accessible? • Others (please specify) Protection of Flora, Fauna and Historical Heritage • Are disturbance to √ No such activities √
93 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
terrestrial flora inspected. minimized (e.g. plants to be preserved)? • Is hunting and √ poaching of forest products strictly prohibited? • Are firearms in the √ Project strictly prohibited, except for the security personnel? • Are Protection √ There is absence of no- Forests and other go area at site for sensitive areas protection of forest areas. designated as “no Local personnel are go” areas? restricted to go to sensitive areas though. • Is the entrance to √ There is no presence of “no go” areas no-go area at site strictly forbidden to all workers? • Is re‐vegetation of √ Revegetation activities disturbed areas haven t started yet. carried out with native plant species? • Are disturbance √ No specific actions were to terrestrial fauna observed to minimize minimized (if rare disturbances to terrestrial species identified)? faunas. • Any historical √ No any historical sites heritage exists on nearby site. site? If yes, ensure appropriate measures taken to preserve it. • Is a chance find √ There is no such chance √ procedure in find procedure in place. place? • If physical cultural √ No such physical cultural resources are resources encountered. encountered during the construction phase, have all works at the find site been immediately halted? • Has the find been assessed by a competent expert? • Have the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources
94 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
been developed by the expert in cooperation with the relevant local heritage authority • Has the work not been resumed until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented? • When avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, has the physical cultural resource been removed and preserved according to the best available technique? • Are removals conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of national and/or local laws? • Are records of all finds maintained, including chain of custody instructions for movable finds? • Have all Project workers and staff been made aware of the chance find procedure? • Others (please specify) Emergency Preparedness and Response • Are fire √ Fire extinguisher is kept extinguishers / on all the required fighting facilities places. properly maintained and not expired? Escape not blocked/ obstructed? • Are accidents and √ Minor accidents like cuts
95 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
incidents reported and bruises were and reviewed, and recorded, no major corrective & accident recorded. preventive actions Corrective actions are identified and identified and suggested recorded? to site supervisors. • Have preventive √ and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions, and exposure to chemicals been considered? • Have appropriate √ PPE provided but personal protective workers hesitate to use it equipment (PPE) in a regular basis. Ear to minimize risks muffs and ear plugs were been provided to also not used while the workers? drilling inside tunnel area. • Has training for √ Conduct toolbox talk workers been every day before shift. provided? • Has an appropriate √ incentives system to use and comply with health and safety procedures and utilize PPE been shared with the workers? • Have procedures √ for documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases and incidents been defined? • Are emergency √ prevention, preparedness and response arrangements in place? • Others (please specify) PLEASE ANNEX ALL THE PHOTPHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE ENVIRONMENTAENTAL ISSUES AND NON CONFORMITIES OBSOBSERVED. ALL PHOTOGRAPHS SHALL BEE NUMBEREDNU AND THE RELEVANT NUMBERBER SHALL BE REPORTED ALSO IN THE TABLEABLE ABOVE WHERE ISSUE IS NOTED. *Any“No”recordedrepresentsthepohepotentialbreachofregulationorimprovementneededneeded anddetailsofnonconformity(NC)) shashall berecordedin theRemarks. *ReportNCinthefollowingforms.s. EachNCshouldmakereferenceintothechecklistacklistas coded. TheresponsiblepersonnelshallidenshallidentifytherootcauseofNCandadoptappropriatee
96 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Correctiveandpreventiveactions(CPA)formitigation. Confirmationoftheeffectivenessof theCPAshall beverifiedby(Team Leader)withinanagreedtime. Signature of Site Inspector: Date: 29th Nov 2020 Project: Tanahu Hydropower Project Site Location: Powerhouse, Surge Tank, Wards and Camps Construction Stage / Status during Inspection: Construction stage Inspection Date: 5th -8th December, 2020 Inspection Time: Day Inspectedby: Bishal Bhattarai Weather:Cloudy Inspection Item Implemented? N/A Remarks Non-Compliance (i.e. specify location, level Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity I II III and/or proposed corrective/preventative actions) Air pollution Control • Are the √ Construction Sites are construction sites watered on a daily basis. watered to minimize dust generated? • Is cement √ Residential areas are debagging process 500m far from cement undertaken in debagging location. sheltered areas? • Are all vehicles √ Vehicles carrying dusty carrying dusty loads are covered but not loads watered prior to leaving covered/watered the site. over prior to leaving the site? • Are dust controlled √ Watered during drilling so during percussive no dust emission was drilling or rock observed. breaking? • Are demolition √ Demolition work areas work areas were wet and no dust watered? (e.g. emission was observed. trimming activities by using breaker) • Are dusty roads √ Dusty roads are filled √ paved and/or with mocks but not sprayed with sprayed with water. water? • Are plant and √ Black smoke coming out equipment well of vehicles was not maintained? (any observed. black smoke observed, please indicate the plant/equipment and location)
97 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• Are speed √ Yes, Speed limit sign control measures boards are placed. applied? (e.g. speed limit sign) • Are soil and √ temporary spoil piles covered or sprayed if generating dust? • Are piles that are √ Spoil piles was not not going to be observed. used in the short term allowed to develop vegetation cover? • Is burning of √ The burning is prohibited construction and in and around the domestic waste construction site. prohibited? Water pollution Control • Is wastewater √ Waste water treatment √ treatment system system was not observed being used and and all wastewater is properly sent to septic tank in maintained on camp areas. No such site? (e.g. desilting desilting tank. tank) • Are there any √ Grey water coming out √ wastewater after washing a vehicle discharged to the was seen all over access storm drains (river road during this week of sources)? inspection. • Are all sewage and √ All the sewage is being waste water discharged in septic tank discharges treated now. in an approved system to reach (before final disposal) national standards? • Is gray/black water √ No treatment is done but coming from the is discharged in septic toiles adequately tank preventing from treated (septic releasing to the tank, chlorination, environment. etc.) before being released into the environment? • Is the sludge of the As the project is starting septic tank phase so in future this periodically activity will be carried. removed to keep the septic tank efficient? • Is the sludge √ Not observed during this removed week of inspection. adequately disposed of?
98 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• Are measures √ Not observed during this provided to week of inspection. properly direct effluent to silt removal facilities? (e.g. provide earth bunds / U- channels) • Are sedimentation √ No sedimentation traps traps and tanks seen. free of silt and sediment? • Are fuel, oil and √ hazardous materials stored in designated areas with temporary impermeable bunds in accordance with international standards and at distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Is refueling of √ machinery, equipment and vehicles carried out at a distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Are major work √ including oil changing and engine maintenance done in designated areas at distance of at least 100 m from any water course with containment to prevent oil spills? • Is waste oil √ Waste oil is collected and collected and stored in designated recycled? place. • Is contaminated oil √ Contaminated oil material materials are stored in a adequately designated place. disposed of at designated waste disposal facilities? • Is the use of √ During this week use of herbicides herbicides were not avoided? seen. • Others (please specify Noise Control
99 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• Do air √ compressors and generators operate with doors closed? • Is idle √ plant/equipment turned off or throttled down? • Do air √ compressors and hand- held breakers have valid noise emission labels (NEL)? • Any noise √ Ear plugs and ear muffs mitigation are provided to the measures adopted workers. (e.g., use noise barrier / enclosure)? • Are silenced √ Not observed during this √ equipment s week of inspection. utilized? • Others (please specify) Waste Management • Is the site kept √ Site still contains litters √ clean and tidy? and plastic waste are (e.g., litter free, thrown haphazardly good especially in store yard housekeeping) and powerhouse area. • Are separate √ chutes used for inert and non-inert wastes? • Are separated √ Labelled containers labelled containers were observed at site. / areas provided for facilitating recycling and waste segregation? • Are separated √ Separated containers are √ containers labelled provided and containers in proper language are also labelled in (English, Chinese, English and Chinese Nepalese)? language only. Must be labelled in Nepali Language so that all Nepali workers could understood easily. • Are construction √ Construction waste are wastes /recyclable being filled in access wastes and road areas. general refuse removed off site regularly?
100 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• Are constructions √ Mocks are being wastes collected collected by project and disposed of vehicle. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ Chemical wastes are wastes, if any, collected if generated collected and and kept in designated disposed of places. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ wastes properly stored and labelled? • Are oil drums and √ They collect oils and plants/equipment s greases in separate provided with drip drums and when it is trays? filled, they sent for recycling to the manufacturers company. • Are drip trays free √ Collected in a drum and of oil and water? trays and was free of oil and water. • Is there any oil √ No oil spillage incidents spillage? Clean- up were observed. Site the supervisor told us they contaminated clean up immediately if soil immediately? such incidents occur. • Is litter, foam √ All the solid waste is √ or other disposed in a pit nearby objectionable river source coming out matters in nearby from store yard area. water drain/sewer cleaned? • Are asbestos √ Such asbestos waste wastes handled by was not generated as per registered site supervisor. professionals? • If the wastes are √ Waste are collected by √ not collected by a private contractor but the specialized and workers are not trained authorized on how to dispose the company, are the waste. They dispose the wastes adequately waste in municipal landfill treated? site. • If there is a √ No sanitary landfill at sanitary landfill at site. site, is it adequately managed? Storage of Chemicals and Dangerous Goods • Are chemicals √ stored and labelled properly? • Are chemicals and √
101 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
dangerous goods data sheets available? • Is an emergency √ Emergency vehicles are plan in case of in place but specific plan accidental spillage for accidental spillage yet of chemicals and not formulated. /or dangerous goods available? • Are the personnel √ Contractor only provided periodically trained OSH and PPE how to deal with an awareness training and accidental there is no any expert spillage? who can handle accidental spillage among workers. • Does storage of √ DG comply with license conditions (include types and quantities if DG store is available, check the DG store license)? • Are proper √ measures to control oil spillage during maintenance or to control other chemicals spillage? (e.g. provide drip trays) • Are spill kits / sand √ / saw dust used for absorbing chemical spillage readily accessible? • Others (please specify) Protection of Flora, Fauna and Historical Heritage • Are disturbance to √ No such activities √ terrestrial flora inspected. minimized (e.g., plants to be preserved)? • Is hunting and √ poaching of forest products strictly prohibited? • Are firearms in the √ Project strictly prohibited, except for the security personnel? • Are Protection √ There is absence of no- Forests and other go area at site for sensitive areas protection of forest areas. Local personnel are
102 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
designated as “no restricted to go to go” areas? sensitive areas though. • Is the entrance to √ There is no presence of “no go” areas no-go area at site strictly forbidden to all workers? • Is re‐vegetation of √ Revegetation activities disturbed areas haven t started yet. carried out with native plant species? • Are disturbance √ No specific actions were to terrestrial fauna observed to minimize minimized (if rare disturbances to terrestrial species identified)? faunas. • Any historical √ No any historical sites heritage exists on nearby site. site? If yes, ensure appropriate measures taken to preserve it. • Is a chance find √ There is no such chance √ procedure in find procedure in place. place? • If physical cultural √ No such physical cultural resources are resources encountered. encountered during the construction phase, have all works at the find site been immediately halted? • Has the find been assessed by a competent expert? • Have the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources been developed by the expert in cooperation with the relevant local heritage authority • Has the work not been resumed until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented? • When avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to
103 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, has the physical cultural resource been removed and preserved according to the best available technique? • Are removals conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of national and/or local laws? • Are records of all finds maintained, including chain of custody instructions for movable finds? • Have all Project workers and staff been made aware of the chance find procedure? • Others (please specify) Emergency Preparedness and Response • Are fire √ Fire extinguisher is kept extinguishers / on all the required fighting facilities places. properly maintained and not expired? Escape not blocked/ obstructed? • Are accidents and √ Minor accidents like cuts incidents reported and bruises were and reviewed, and recorded, no major corrective & accident recorded. preventive actions Corrective actions are identified and identified and suggested recorded? to site supervisors. • Have preventive √ and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions, and exposure to chemicals been
104 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
considered? • Have appropriate √ PPE provided but personal protective workers hesitate to use it equipment (PPE) in a regular basis. Ear to minimize risks muffs and ear plugs were been provided to also not used while the workers? drilling inside tunnel area. • Has training for √ Conduct toolbox talk workers been every day before shift. provided? • Has an appropriate √ incentives system to use and comply with health and safety procedures and utilize PPE been shared with the workers? • Have procedures √ for documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases and incidents been defined? • Are emergency √ prevention, preparedness and response arrangements in place? • Others (please specify) PLEASE ANNEX ALL THE PHOTPHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE ENVIRONMENTAENTAL ISSUES AND NON CONFORMITIES OBSOBSERVED. ALL PHOTOGRAPHS SHALL BEE NUMBEREDNU AND THE RELEVANT NUMBERBER SHALL BE REPORTED ALSO IN THE TABLEABLE ABOVE WHERE ISSUE IS NOTED. *Any“No”recordedrepresentsthepohepotentialbreachofregulationorimprovementneededneeded anddetailsofnonconformity(NC)) shashall berecordedin theRemarks. *ReportNCinthefollowingforms.s. EachEachNCshouldmakereferenceintothechecklistasistas coded. TheresponsiblepersonnelshallidenshallidentifytherootcauseofNCandadoptappropriatee Correctiveandpreventiveactions(Cons(CPA)formitigation. Confirmationoftheeffectivenessvenessof theCPAshall beverifiedby(Teameam LeaderLeader)withinanagreedtime. Signature of Site Inspector: Date: 8th Dec 2020 Project: Tanahu Hydropowdropower Project Site Location: Powerhouse,house, Surge Tank, Wards and Camps Construction Stage / Statuss durduring Inspection: Construction stage Inspection Date: 25th -28th DecemDecember, 2020 Inspection Time: Day Inspectedby: Bishal Bhattarairai Weather:Partially Sunny Inspection Item Implemenplemented? N/A Remarks Non-Comon-Compliance (i.e. specify location, levelevel
105 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Yes No* good practices, ONC 1 2 3 problem observed, possible cause of nonconformity I II III and/or proposed corrective/preventative actions) Air pollution Control • Are the √ Construction Sites are construction sites watered on a daily basis. watered to minimize dust generated? • Is cement √ Residential areas are debagging process 500m far from cement undertaken in debagging location. sheltered areas? • Are all vehicles √ Vehicles carrying dusty carrying dusty loads are covered but not loads watered prior to leaving covered/watered the site. over prior to leaving the site? • Are dust controlled √ Watered during drilling so during percussive no dust emission was drilling or rock observed. breaking? • Are demolition √ Demolition work areas work areas were wet and no dust watered? (e.g. emission was observed. trimming activities by using breaker) • Are dusty roads Dusty roads are filled paved and/or with mocks and sprayed sprayed with with water. water? • Are plant and √ Black smoke coming out equipment well of vehicles was not maintained? (any observed. black smoke observed, please indicate the plant/equipment and location) • Are speed √ Yes, Speed limit sign control measures boards are placed. applied? (e.g. speed limit sign) • Are soil and √ temporary spoil piles covered or sprayed if generating dust? • Are piles that are √ Not allowed to develop a not going to be vegetation. used in the short term allowed to develop vegetation
106 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
cover? • Is burning of √ The burning is prohibited construction and in and around the domestic waste construction site. But prohibited? waste burning incidences recorded at warehouse and mechanical yard. Water pollution Control • Is wastewater √ Waste water treatment √ treatment system system was not observed being used and and all wastewater is properly sent to septic tank in maintained on camp areas. No such site? (e.g. desilting desilting tank. tank) • Are there any √ Grey water coming out √ wastewater after washing a vehicle discharged to the was seen all over access storm drains (river road during this week of sources)? inspection. • Are all sewage and √ All the sewage is being waste water discharged in septic tank discharges treated now. in an approved system to reach (before final disposal) national standards? • Is gray/black water √ No treatment is done but coming from the is discharged in septic toiles adequately tank preventing from treated (septic releasing to the tank, chlorination, environment. etc.) before being released into the environment? • Is the sludge of the As the project is starting septic tank phase so in future this periodically activity will be carried. removed to keep the septic tank efficient? • Is the sludge √ Not observed during this removed week of inspection. adequately disposed of? • Are measures √ Not observed during this provided to week of inspection. properly direct effluent to silt removal facilities? (e.g. provide earth bunds / U- channels) • Are sedimentation √ No sedimentation traps traps and tanks seen. free of silt and sediment?
107 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• Are fuel, oil and √ hazardous materials stored in designated areas with temporary impermeable bunds in accordance with international standards and at distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Is refueling of √ machinery, equipment and vehicles carried out at a distance of at least 100 m from any water course? • Are major work √ including oil changing and engine maintenance done in designated areas at distance of at least 100 m from any water course with containment to prevent oil spills? • Is waste oil √ Waste oil is collected and collected and stored in designated recycled? place. • Is contaminated oil √ Contaminated oil material materials are stored in a adequately designated place. disposed of at designated waste disposal facilities? • Is the use of √ During this week use of herbicides herbicides were not avoided? seen. • Others (please specify Noise Control • Do air √ compressors and generators operate with doors closed? • Is idle √ plant/equipment turned off or throttled down? • Do air √ compressors and hand- held
108 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
breakers have valid noise emission labels (NEL)? • Any noise √ Ear plugs and ear muffs mitigation are provided to the measures adopted workers. (e.g., use noise barrier / enclosure)? • Are silenced √ Not observed during this √ equipment s week of inspection. utilized? • Others (please specify) Waste Management • Is the site kept √ Site still contains litters √ clean and tidy? and plastic waste are (e.g., litter free, thrown chaotically good especially in store yard housekeeping) and powerhouse area. • Are separate √ chutes used for inert and non-inert wastes? • Are separated √ Labelled containers labelled containers were observed at site but / areas provided for only in English and facilitating Chinese Language. recycling and waste segregation? • Are separated √ Separated containers are √ containers labelled provided and containers in proper language are also labelled in (English, Chinese, English and Chinese Nepalese)? language only. Must be labelled in Nepali Language so that all Nepali workers could understood easily. • Are construction √ Construction waste are wastes /recyclable being filled in access wastes and road areas. general refuse removed off site regularly? • Are constructions √ Mocks are being wastes collected collected by project and disposed of vehicle. properly by licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ Chemical wastes are wastes, if any, collected if generated collected and and kept in designated disposed of places. properly by
109 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
licensed collectors? • Are chemical √ wastes properly stored and labelled? • Are oil drums and √ They collect oils and plants/equipment s greases in separate provided with drip drums and when it is trays? filled, they sent for recycling to the manufacturers company. • Are drip trays free √ Collected in a drum and of oil and water? trays and was free of oil and water. • Is there any oil √ No oil spillage incidents spillage? Clean- up were observed. Site the supervisor told us they contaminated clean up immediately if soil immediately? such incidents occur. • Is litter, foam √ All the solid waste is √ or other disposed in a pit nearby objectionable river source coming out matters in nearby from store yard area. water drain/sewer cleaned? • Are asbestos √ Such asbestos waste wastes handled by was not generated as per registered site supervisor. professionals? • If the wastes are √ Waste are collected by √ not collected by a private contractor but the specialized and workers are not trained authorized on how to dispose the company, are the waste. They dispose the wastes adequately waste in municipal landfill treated? site. • If there is a √ No sanitary landfill at sanitary landfill at site. site, is it adequately managed? Storage of Chemicals and Dangerous Goods • Are chemicals √ stored and labelled properly? • Are chemicals and √ dangerous goods data sheets available? • Is an emergency √ Emergency vehicles are plan in case of in place but specific plan accidental spillage for accidental spillage yet of chemicals and not formulated. /or dangerous goods available? • Are the personnel √ Contractor only provided periodically trained OSH and PPE
110 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
how to deal with an awareness training and accidental there is no any expert spillage? who can handle accidental spillage among workers. • Does storage of √ DG comply with license conditions (include types and quantities if DG store is available, check the DG store license)? • Are proper √ measures to control oil spillage during maintenance or to control other chemicals spillage? (e.g. provide drip trays) • Are spill kits / sand √ / saw dust used for absorbing chemical spillage readily accessible? • Others (please specify) Protection of Flora, Fauna and Historical Heritage • Are disturbance to √ No such activities √ terrestrial flora inspected. minimized (e.g., plants to be preserved)? • Is hunting and √ poaching of forest products strictly prohibited? • Are firearms in the √ Project strictly prohibited, except for the security personnel? • Are Protection √ There is absence of no- Forests and other go area at site for sensitive areas protection of forest areas. designated as “no Local personnel are go” areas? restricted to go to sensitive areas though. • Is the entrance to √ There is no presence of “no go” areas no-go area at site strictly forbidden to all workers? • Is re‐vegetation of √ Revegetation activities disturbed areas haven t started yet. carried out with native plant
111 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
species? • Are disturbance √ No specific actions were to terrestrial fauna observed to minimize minimized (if rare disturbances to terrestrial species identified)? faunas. • Any historical √ No any historical sites heritage exists on nearby site. site? If yes, ensure appropriate measures taken to preserve it. • Is a chance find √ There is no such chance √ procedure in find procedure in place. place? • If physical cultural √ No such physical cultural resources are resources encountered. encountered during the construction phase, have all works at the find site been immediately halted? • Has the find been assessed by a competent expert? • Have the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources been developed by the expert in cooperation with the relevant local heritage authority • Has the work not been resumed until the procedures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to the physical cultural resources have been implemented? • When avoidance is not feasible, no alternatives to removal exist, and the Project benefits outweigh the anticipated cultural heritage loss from removal, has the physical cultural resource been removed and preserved
112 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
according to the best available technique? • Are removals conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of national and/or local laws? • Are records of all finds maintained, including chain of custody instructions for movable finds? • Have all Project workers and staff been made aware of the chance find procedure? • Others (please specify) Emergency Preparedness and Response • Are fire √ Fire extinguisher is kept extinguishers / on all the required fighting facilities places. properly maintained and not expired? Escape not blocked/ obstructed? • Are accidents and √ Minor accidents like cuts incidents reported and bruises were and reviewed, and recorded, no major corrective & accident recorded. preventive actions Corrective actions are identified and identified and suggested recorded? to site supervisors. • Have preventive √ and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions, and exposure to chemicals been considered? • Have appropriate √ PPE provided but personal protective workers hesitate to use it equipment (PPE) in a regular basis. Ear to minimize risks muffs and ear plugs were been provided to also not used while the workers? drilling inside tunnel area. • Has training for √ Conduct toolbox talk workers been every day before shift. provided?
113 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• Has an appropriate √ incentives system to use and comply with health and safety procedures and utilize PPE been shared with the workers? • Have procedures √ for documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases and incidents been defined? • Are emergency √ prevention, preparedness and response arrangements in place? • Others (please specify) PLEASE ANNEX ALL THE PHOTPHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE ENVIRONMENTAENTAL ISSUES AND NON CONFORMITIES OBSOBSERVED. ALL PHOTOGRAPHS SHALL BEE NUMBEREDNU AND THE RELEVANT NUMBERBER SHALL BE REPORTED ALSO IN THE TABLEABLE ABOVE WHERE ISSUE IS NOTED. *Any“No”recordedrepresentsthepohepotentialbreachofregulationorimprovementneededneeded anddetailsofnonconformity(NC)) shashall berecordedin theRemarks. *ReportNCinthefollowingforms.s. EachEachNCshouldmakereferenceintothechecklistasistas coded. TheresponsiblepersonnelshallidenshallidentifytherootcauseofNCandadoptappropriatee Correctiveandpreventiveactions(Cons(CPA)formitigation. Confirmationoftheeffectivenessvenessof theCPAshall beverifiedby(Teameam LeaderLeader)withinanagreedtime. Signature of Site Inspector: Date: 30th Dec 2020
AnAnnex 6: Spring Survey Report
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
The quality of water governsns life oof an organism on the earth. Hence, researchersearchers around the world are engaged on framingming the systematic approach and policy foror the long-term conservation of good-qualityy waterwater. Historical evidences show that changege in waterw quality and quantity due to anthropogeniopogenic pressure has led to vanish many settlementements of human beings.
Problems related to water inflow during tunnel construction are challengingenging to designers, workers, and management departdepartments, as they can threaten tunnelling projectoject from safety, time, and economic aspects.s. IdentIdentifying the impacts on groundwater environmentronment resulting from tunnel drainage and making a correct assessment before tunnelel constructionconst is essential to better understandand troubltroubles that would be encountered during tunnel excavation and helpful to adopt appropriateiate councountermeasures to minimize the influences.es.
1.2 Objectives of the studyudy
114 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
The objectives of this survey are:
To identify the spring resources located nearby the Tanahu Hydropower project. To find out the present status of the spring resources (Pipeline and spring fed stream). To find out the discharge rate of the spring resources.
2. METHODOLOGY
To identify the spring resources and to study about the present condition of the spring resources ESMSP team members visited different potential locations with the help of local inhabitants and measured the discharge rate of the spring water sources like spring fed river and pipeline tap water system whose source is natural spring. Discharge rate is calculated in terms of litre/minute.
3. RESULTS
The identified spring sources are shown in Figure 1 below.
Fig. 1: Location of Spring Resources
Spring water is used by the local residents for household purposes. Spring water in most of the community is collected in a reservoir tank and is distributed through pipeline. During field survey the local people told that the supply of water is limited for 1.5-2 hours in the morning only in the uphill villages like Chhap, Dharapani and Samibhanjyang. Spring resources located in Belbas, Malinga and Jaruwa have high discharge rate compared to other locations and also there is continuous flow of spring water. Respective owner community, discharge rate of spring resource and its beneficiary households are listed in Table 1 below:
2 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Tablee 1 LiList of Identified Spring Resources
Coordinates (UTMUTM 445N) Discharge Type/Uses of Water Owner Beneficiaeficiary No. Location East (X) North (Y)Y) Elevation Rate Source Community Househousehold (masl) (l/min) 20 Dam site 230171,2 309571212 268 Spring/Drinking and HH Beteni 15 30.02 21 Beteni 230256,1 309686464 310 Spring/Drinking and HH Beteni - 10.08 22 Beteni 227625 309850909 354 Spring/Drinking and HH Beteni - 9.1 23 Bhanjyang 231219,4 309591010 436 Spring/Drinking and HH Bhanjyang 6 5.91 24 Dharapani 231325,1 309535454 492 Tap Water/Drinking Dharapani 20 4.66 25 Malinga 231470,3 309568383 378 Tap Water/Drinking Malinga 24 9.375 26 Jaruwa 232087,6 309510404 258 Spring/Drinking and HH Jhaputar 31 22.81 27 Belbas 232494,9 309570505 267 Spring fed River/HH Belbas - 0.66m3/s 28 Belbas 232174,3 309590000 251 Tap Water/Drinking Belbas 25.53 29 Chhap 230968,6 309438686 962 Tap Water/Drinking Chhap 4 5.1 30 Chhap 230907,8 309430909 943 Tap Water/Drinking Chhap 5 7.3 31 Chhap 230916,4 309425454 951 Tap Water/Drinking Chhap 3 8.9
Photographs
Measurement of dischargearge rate Consultation with local inhabitantsitants
3 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Collection of Spring water fromrom a reservoir Consultation with local inhabitantsinhab
4 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Annexex 7: Environmental Monitoring Reports
Reportrt on Environmental monitonitoring of TanaTanahu Hydropower ProjectProje
September 2020
Submitted By: Lifeline Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. Kupondole-10, Lalitpur, Nepal
Submitted To: GEOCE Consultants Pvt. Ltd. Lalitpur, Nepal
1 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020 1. SITE DESCRIPTION Tanahu Hydropower Limited (THL) is a subsidiary company of Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) established in 2012 to develop 140 MW Tanahu Hydropower Project ("the Project") (formerly, Upper Seti (Damauli) Storage Hydroelectric Project). The Project site is situated 150 km west of Kathmandu on Seti River near Damauli of Tanahu District in Gandaki Zone. The project is a storage type plant capable of supplying peak power for minimum of 6 hours daily. Belowfig,1showsthesamplingsitesunderenvironmentalmonitoringofTanahuHydropower project.
Figure 1:River water sampling sites
Figure 2: Air quality monitoring sites
2 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Figure 3: Noise quality monitoring sites
2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 1. To analyze pre-defined physico-chemical and biological parameters of the water sample using accepted tools and techniques. 2. To analyze pre-defined air quality parameters using accepted tools and techniques. 3. To analyze pre-defined noise level using accepted tools and techniques.
2.1. WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENT Water quality measurement is essential to describe the physical, chemical, biological and aesthetic properties of water that determine its fitness for a variety of uses and for the protection of aquatic ecosystems. Many of these properties are controlled or influenced by constituents that are either dissolved or suspended in water. The water quality at different sites were analyzed as follows; • Field Study: Water Sampling • In-Situ Water Quality Test (obligatory as per sampling rules and procedures) • Laboratory analysis of the water samples • Data analysis, interpretation and report preparation. A water quality assessment was conducted at 15 locations (RW-1 to RW-15) in and around the project site within the Seti River during September 2020 and 3 other potable samples as part of the Environmental Monitoring Study Report. The below table 1 shows the sample location site with their coordinates.
S.No. Sample No. Locations Latitude (N) Longitude (E) 1 RW-1 Dam site-up 27.951464° 84.250647° 2 RW-2 Dam site-mid 27.952089° 84.256566° 3 RW-3 Dam site-down 27.956772° 84.260758° 4 RW-4 Madi river 27.969850° 84.266511° 5 RW-5 Madi-Seti confluence 27.968680° 84.267669° 6 RW-6 Behind the camp-up 27.956666° 84.276429° 7 RW-7 Behind the camp-down 27.960080° 84.275772°
3 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
S.No. Sample No. Locations Latitude (N) Longitude (E) 8 RW-8 Power house-up 27.947580° 84.273636° 9 RW-9 Power house-mid 27.941791° 84.273822° 10 RW-10 Power house-down 27.937150° 84.275644° 11 RW-11 Reservior-1(Lima khola) 27.953494° 84.221957° 12 RW-12 Reservior-2 (Tunibot) 27.959469° 84.175241° 13 RW-13 Reservior-3 (Bandarkuna) 27.974414° 84.142853° 14 RW-14 Reservior-4 (Wantang Khola) 27.970232° 84.111782° 15 RW-15 Reservior-5(Bhimad Bazar) 27.978455° 84.087595° S.No. Sample No. Locations 1 DW-1 Inside camp jar water 2 DW-2 Inside camp tap water 3 DW-3 Inside labor camp tap water Table 1: Water Quality Sampling Locations Following water quality parameters were analyzed based on National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2062 and World Health Organization (table2): Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Sulphate, Ammonia, Total Nitrogen, Nitrate, Nitrite, Total Phosphorus, Fecal Coliform. The water quality monitoring also included the potable water supplied to the construction work camps and work sites, the sampling location were identified in consultation with GEOCE. Parameters Unit WHO GV NDWQS Method PHYSICAL pH NTU 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 4500-H+B., APHA, 23rdEd. Turbidity - 5 5 (10) 2130 B., APHA, 23rdEd. EC µS/cm - 1500 4501-H+B., APHA, 23rdEd. TDS mg/l 1000 2540 G., APHA, 23rdEd. Temperature oC - - 2550 B., APHA, 23rdEd. Oil and grease mg/l <10 5520C, APHA, 23rdEd. CHEMICAL DO mg/l - - 4500-O C, APHA, 23rdEd. BOD mg/l - - 5210B, APHA, 23rdEd. COD mg/l - - 5200B, APHA, 23rdEd. Ammonia mg/l - 1.5 4500-NH3, APHA, 23rdEd. Nitrate mg/l - 50 4500-NO2-B, APHA, 23rdEd. Nitrite mg/l 3 - 4500-NO2-B, APHA, 23rdEd. Phosphate mg/l - - 4500-P, APHA, 23rdEd. Sulphate mg/l - 250 4500-SO42-C, APHA, 23rdEd. TSS mg/l - - 2540 D., APHA, 23rdEd. Total Nitrogen mg/l - - 4500-Norg-B, APHA, 23rdEd. BACTERIOLOGICAL Total Coliform MPN/100ml 0 0 9221E, APHA, 23rdEd. Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml 0 0 9221E, APHA, 23rdEd. Table 2: Water Quality Parameters WHO GV: World Health Organization Guideline Value, 2006; NDWQS: National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2062 APHA: American Public Health Association, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water () Values in the parenthesis refers the acceptable values only when alternative is not available
4 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
2.2. AIR QUALITY MEASUREMENT Outdoor air pollution is a major environmental health problem affecting everyone in low, middle, and high-income countries. Particulate Matter (PM) is a common proxy indicator for air pollution. It affects more people than any other pollutant. The major components of PM are sulfate, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride, black carbon, mineral dust and water. While particleswithadiameterof10micronsorless,(≤PM10)canpenetrateandlodgedeepinside the lungs, the even more health-damaging particles are those with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less, (≤ PM2.5). For air quality monitoring, the sampling location were identified in consultation with GEOCE. The analysis was done using air sampler. The below table 3 shows the sample location site with theircoordinates. S.No. Sample No. Locations Latitude (N) Longitude (E) 1 A-1 Dam site 27.951464° 84.250647° 2 A-2 Inside Camp 27.960275° 84.274686° 3 A-3 Power house 27.947051° 84.272489° 4 A-4 Settlement area 27.966207° 84.271306°
Table 3: Air Quality Sampling Locations Following air quality parameters (table 4) were analyzed based on national as well as World Health Organizations (WHO). Particulate matter monitored are Total suspended particulate (TSP), Particulate matter PM10, PM 2.5, Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Concentration in Unit Ambient Air, maximum* Parameters WHO National µg/m3 Total suspended particulate (TSP) NA 230 µg/m3 Particulate matter (PM10) 50 120 µg/m3 Particulate matter (PM2.5) 25 40 3 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) µg/m 20 70 3 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) µg/m 200 80 Table 4. Air Quality monitoring * National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Nepal, 2012, Environment Statistics of Nepal, 2019 WHO Air quality guideline (AQG)
2.3. NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENT Noise pollution also known as environmental noise or sound pollution is the propagation of noisewithharmfulimpactontheactivityofhumanoranimallife.Thesourceofoutdoornoise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport and propagation system. The noise level nearsettlementsandatconstructionsitesweremonitoredwithportablesoundlevelmeters. Fornoiselevelmonitoring,thesamplinglocationwereidentifiedinconsultationwithGEOCE. The below table 5 shows the sample location site with theircoordinates.
S.No. Sample No. Locations Latitude (N) Longitude (E) 1 N-1 Dam site 27.951464° 84.250647° 2 N-2 Inside Camp 27.960275° 84.274686° 3 N-3 Power house 27.947051° 84.272489° 4 N-4 Settlement 27.966207° 84.271306° 5 N-5 Batching plant 27.953820° 84.276567°
5 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Table 5: Noise Quality Sampling Locations Description Level of Hearing Threshold of hearing 0-10 Very peace 20-30 Peace 50-60 Medium 70-80 Very high 90-100 Uncomfortable 120-130
3. RESULTS
3.1. WATER QUALITY
Parameters Unit RW1 RW2 RW3 RW4 RW5 RW6 RW7 RW8 RW9 RW10 RW11 RW12 RW13 RW14 RW15 NDWQS pH 7 7 7.1 6.9 7 6.9 6.9 7 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 7 7.1 6.5-8.5* Turbidity NTU 10 12 18 5 6 11 11 12 11 12 15 11 8 9 13 5 (10)* EC μS/cm 330 307 303 226 261 325 340 281 285 287 318 316 424 309 302 1500* Temperature oC 23.1 23 22.9 23.4 23.2 23.3 23.3 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.2 23.1 23.1 23.2 23.2 - DO mg/l 9 9.1 9 8.5 9.2 9.8 9.7 8.8 8.7 8.7 8 8.1 8.1 7.9 7.8 >5 BOD mg/l 6 6 6 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 <30 COD mg/l 15 15 15 16 15.7 15.5 15.7 15.7 16 15.7 15.3 15.3 15.3 15.3 15.3 <250 Ammonia mg/l 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.5* Nitrate mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.14 0.2 0.1 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 50* Nitrite mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3** Phosphate mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 - Sulphate mg/l 0.8 0.8 0.8 1 0.9 0.7 0.7 1 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 250* TSS mg/l 7.1 7.1 7.1 10 9.9 9.1 9 9.2 9.2 9.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.2 - Total Nitrogen mg/l 3.8 3.8 3.8 5 4.9 4.8 4.7 5.9 5.8 5.8 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 -
Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml6 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 0* Parameters Unit DW1 DW2 DW3 NDWQS pH - 7 7.2 6.8 6.5-8.5* Turbidity NTU 1 1 1 5 (10)* TDS mg/l 9 240 260 1000* EC μS/cm 20 490 500 1500* Temperature oC 23.4 23.5 23.5 NA DO mg/l 6.9 7.8 7.4 >5 BOD mg/l 0.5 3.1 3.4 <30 COD mg/l 0.95 5.90 6.40 <250 Ammonia mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.5* Nitrate mg/l 0.05 0.1 0.1 50* Nitrite mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 3** Phosphate mg/l 0.1 0.05 0.2 NA Sulphate mg/l 1 1.2 1.3 250* TSS mg/l 2.3 2.5 2.4 NA Total Nitrogen mg/l 1 1.2 1.2 NA Oil and grease mg/l 0.1 0.3 0.5 <10 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 10 15 13 0* Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml 0 0 0 0* *NDWQS **WHO
6 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
3.2 AIR QUALITY Parameters Unit A1 A2 A3 A4 WHO NATIONAL Particulate matter (PM2.5) μg/m3 26.5 24 39.6 33.8 25 40 Particulate matter (PM10) μg/m3 54 56 92 80 50 120 3 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) μg/m 2.9 1.9 4.2 2 200 80 3 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) μg/m 3.5 2.2 5 2.7 20 70 Total suspended particle (TSP) μg/m3 135.1 140 192 183.7 120-230 230
3.3. NOISE LEVEL Locations Unit Min Max Avg. Level of hearing N1 dB 43.5 67.9 55.7 Peace:50-60 N2 dB 38.2 62.3 50.3 Peace:50-61 N3 dB 86.9 99.5 93.2 Medium 70-80 N4 dB 58.6 80.9 70 Medium:70-80 N5 dB 80.6 98.7 90 Very high:90-100
4. INTERPRETATION
The water quality analysis of all study sites shows that all the parameters are within the acceptable limit. However, turbidity and fecal coliform of all the sites are slightly higher than acceptable limit. The presence of fecal bacteria may be due to natural or anthropogenic activities. These bacteria are present in the digestive tract of warm-blooded animals including humans and are found in their wastes. The water quality analysis of inside camp jar, inside camp tap water and labor camp tap water shows that all the parameters are within the acceptable limit except total coliform. These bacteria are naturally present in the environment and so might have contaminated water samples. The air quality analysis of all study sites shows that all the parameters are within the acceptable limit. The noise level analysis of all study sites indicate that dam site and campsite fall under peace, settlement under medium however, powerhouse and batching plant fall under very high level of hearing. The level of powerhouse and batching plant are high due to construction activities at those sites.
7 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Photos during field visit
Power house Bhimad bazar Behind camp
Damsite up Tunibot Labor camp
Settlement Batching plant Dam site
Wantung Khola Lima Khola Bandarkuna
8 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Reportt on EEnvironmental monitoonitoring of Tanahuahu HHydropower Projectect
December 2020
Submitted By: Lifeline Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. Kupondole-10, Lalitpur, Nepal
Submitted To: GEOCE Consultants Pvt. Ltd. Lalitpur, Nepal
9 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020 1. SITE DESCRIPTION Tanahu Hydropower Limited (THL) is a subsidiary company of Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) established in 2012 to develop 140 MW Tanahu Hydropower Project ("the Project") (formerly, Upper Seti (Damauli) Storage Hydroelectric Project). The Project site is situated 150 km west of Kathmandu on Seti River near Damauli of Tanahu District in Gandaki Zone. The project is a storage type plant capable of supplying peak power for minimum of 6 hours daily. Below fig shows the sampling sites under environmental monitoring of Tanahu Hydropower project.
Figure 2:River water sampling sites
Figure 2: Fishing sites
10 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Figure 3: Air quality monitoring sites
Figure 3: Noise quality monitoring sites
2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 4. To analyze pre-defined physico-chemical and biological parameters of the water sample using accepted tools and techniques. 5. To analyze pre-defined air quality parameters using accepted tools and techniques. 6. To analyze pre-defined noise level using accepted tools and techniques.
2.1. WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENT Water quality measurement is essential to describe the physical, chemical, biological and aesthetic properties of water that determine its fitness for a variety of uses and for the protection of aquatic ecosystems. Many of these properties are controlled or influenced by constituents that are either dissolved or suspended in water. The water quality at different sites were analyzed as follows; • Field Study: Water Sampling • In-Situ Water Quality Test (obligatory as per sampling rules and procedures)
11 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
• Laboratory analysis of the water samples • Data analysis, interpretation and report preparation.
A water quality assessment was conducted at 15 locations(RW-1-15) and 14 fish sites (S1-9, M1-4, Midim 1) around the project site and 3 potable samples as part of the Environmental Monitoring Study Report during December 2020 The below table 1 shows the sample location site with their coordinates.
S.No. Sample No. Locations Latitude (N) Longitude (E) 1 RW-1 Dam site-up 27.951464° 84.250647° 2 RW-2 Dam site-down 27.952089° 84.256566° 3 RW-3 Spring source 27.952414° 84.256058° 4 RW-4 Madi river 27.969850° 84.266511° 5 RW-5 Madi-Seti confluence 27.968680° 84.267669° 6 RW-6 Behind the camp 27.960080° 84.275772° 7 RW-7 Labor camp 27.950997° 84.276075° 8 RW-8 Power house-up 27.947580° 84.273636° 9 RW-9 Power house-mid 27.941791° 84.273822° 10 RW-10 Power house-down 27.937150° 84.275644° 11 RW-11 Lima khola (Reservoir 1) 27.953494° 84.221957° 12 RW-12 Tunibote (Reservoir 2) 27.959469° 84.175241° 13 RW-13 Bandarkuna (Reservior-3) 27.974414° 84.142853° 14 RW-14 Wantang Khola (Reservoir-4) 27.970232° 84.111782° 15 RW-15 Bhimad Bazar (Reservoir-5) 27.978455° 84.087595°
1 DW-1 Inside camp jar water 2 DW-2 Inside camptap water 3 DW-3 Inside labor camp tap water
1 S1 Myagde Khola Confluence 28.006297 84.0865691 2 S2 Bhimad Bazar Bridge 27.985330 84.0826230 3 S3 Bhimad Bazar 27.978533 84.0863579 4 S4 Badarkuna 27.971685 84.1414033 5 S5 Dam Site 27.955773 84.2572264 6 S6 Seti-Madi Confluence 27.968509 84.2677851 7 S7 Camp Site 27.960002 84.2758944 8 S8 Belbas 27.935266 84.277926 9 S9 Sode 27.919348 84.295421 10 Midim1 Karaputar 28.154770 84.226751 11 M1 Ram Bazar 28.159329 84.218865 12 M2 Palang 28.111570 84.223470 13 M3 Dulepani 28.048020 84.231760 14 M4 Madi River Bridge 27.985235 84.258432 Table 2: Water Quality Sampling Locations Following water quality parameters were analyzed based on National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2062 and World Health Organization (table2): Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Turbidity, Biological Oxygen
12 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Sulphate, Ammonia, Total Nitrogen, Nitrate, Nitrite, Total Phosphorus, Fecal Coliform. The water quality monitoring also included the potable water supplied to the construction work camps and work sites, the sampling location were identified in consultation with GEOCE. Parameters Unit WHO GV NDWQS Method PHYSICAL pH NTU 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 4500-H+B., APHA, 23rdEd. Turbidity - 5 5 (10) 2130 B., APHA, 23rdEd. EC µS/cm - 1500 4501-H+B., APHA, 23rdEd. TDS mg/l 1000 2540 G., APHA, 23rdEd. Temperature oC - - 2550 B., APHA, 23rdEd. Oil and grease mg/l <10 5520C, APHA, 23rdEd. CHEMICAL DO mg/l - - 4500-O C, APHA, 23rdEd. BOD mg/l - - 5210B, APHA, 23rdEd. COD mg/l - - 5200B, APHA, 23rdEd. Ammonia mg/l - 1.5 4500-NH3, APHA, 23rdEd. Nitrate mg/l - 50 4500-NO2-B, APHA, 23rdEd. Nitrite mg/l 3 - 4500-NO2-B, APHA, 23rdEd. Phosphate mg/l - - 4500-P, APHA, 23rdEd. Sulphate mg/l - 250 4500-SO42-C, APHA, 23rdEd. TSS mg/l - - 2540 D., APHA, 23rdEd. Total Nitrogen mg/l - - 4500-Norg-B, APHA, 23rdEd. BACTERIOLOGICAL Total Coliform MPN/100ml 0 0 9221E, APHA, 23rdEd. Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml 0 0 9221E, APHA, 23rdEd. Table 2: Water Quality Parameters WHO GV: World Health Organization Guideline Value, 2006; NDWQS: National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2062 APHA: American Public Health Association, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water () Values in the parenthesis refers the acceptable values only when alternative is not available 2.2. AIR QUALITY MEASUREMENT Outdoor air pollution is a major environmental health problem affecting everyone in low, middle, and high-income countries. Particulate Matter (PM) is a common proxy indicator for air pollution. It affects more people than any other pollutant. The major components of PM are sulfate, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride, black carbon, mineral dust and water. While particleswithadiameterof10micronsorless,(≤PM10)canpenetrateandlodgedeepinside the lungs, the even more health-damaging particles are those with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less, (≤ PM2.5). For air quality monitoring, the sampling location were identified in consultation with GEOCE. The analysis was done using air sampler. The below table 3 shows the sample location site with theircoordinates. S.No. Sample No. Locations Latitude (N) Longitude (E) 1 A-1 Dam site 27.951464° 84.250647° 2 A-2 Inside Camp 27.960275° 84.274686° 3 A-3 Power house 27.947051° 84.272489° 4 A-4 Settlement area 27.966207° 84.271306°
Table 3: Air Quality Sampling Locations Following air quality parameters (table 4) were analyzed based on national as well as World Health
13 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Organizations (WHO). Particulate matter monitored are Total suspended particulate (TSP), Particulate matter PM10, PM 2.5, Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Concentration in Unit Ambient Air, maximum* Parameters WHO National µg/m3 Total suspended particulate (TSP) NA 230 µg/m3 Particulate matter (PM10) 50 120 µg/m3 Particulate matter (PM2.5) 25 40 3 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) µg/m 20 70 3 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) µg/m 200 80 Table 4. Air Quality monitoring * National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Nepal, 2012, Environment Statistics of Nepal, 2019 WHO Air quality guideline (AQG)
2.3. NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENT Noise pollution also known as environmental noise or sound pollution is the propagation of noisewithharmfulimpactontheactivityofhumanoranimallife.Thesourceofoutdoornoise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport and propagation system. The noise level nearsettlementsandatconstructionsitesweremonitoredwithportablesoundlevelmeters. Fornoiselevelmonitoring,thesamplinglocationwereidentifiedinconsultationwithGEOCE. The below table 5 shows the sample location site with theircoordinates.
S.No. Sample No. Locations Latitude (N) Longitude (E) 1 N-1 Dam site 27.951464° 84.250647° 2 N-2 Inside Camp 27.960275° 84.274686° 3 N-3 Power house 27.947051° 84.272489° 4 N-4 Settlement 27.966207° 84.271306° 5 N-5 Batching plant 27.953820° 84.276567°
Table 5: Noise Quality Sampling Locations Description Level of Hearing Threshold of hearing 0-10 Very peace 20-30 Peace 50-60 Medium 70-80 Very high 90-100 Uncomfortable 120-130
14 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020 3. RESULTS 3.1. WATER QUALITY Parameters Unit RW1 RW2 RW3 RW4 RW5 RW6 RW7 RW8 RW9 RW10 RW11 RW12 RW13 RW14 RW15 NDWQS pH - 7 7.1 7.1 7 7 7 7.1 7.1 7 7.1 7.1 7 7.1 7.1 7 6.5-8.5* Turbidity NTU 12 8 7 5 5 5 5 6 8 6 6 5 7 14 9 5 (10)* EC μS/cm 320 320 320 160 210 280 270 250 250 250 320 310 330 330 320 1500* Temperature oC 15.4 15.3 15.2 15.7 15.9 16.4 16.5 15.8 15.7 15.9 20.8 21 23.9 20.1 19.4 NA DO mg/l 9.5 9.2 9.6 9.9 10.5 8.5 9.2 8.5 8.6 8.5 11.9 12.1 11 10.8 10.6 >5 BOD mg/l 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.7 5.4 6.5 6.6 7 7.1 7.2 5.4 5.9 5.3 5.4 5.5 <30 COD mg/l 15.8 15.8 15.9 15.7 14.8 16.8 15.4 16.9 16.8 16.9 14.1 14 14.1 14.5 14.9 <250 Ammonia mg/l 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.5* Nitrate mg/l 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 50* Nitrite mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3** Phosphate mg/l 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 NA Sulphate mg/l 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.8 1 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 250* TSS mg/l 10.5 7.4 7.1 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.9 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 11.1 8.5 NA Total Nitrogen mg/l 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.5 5.8 5.4 5.9 5.8 5.1 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.1 5 5.6 NA Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 6 0 0 2 11 2 0* *NDWQS **WHO
Parameters Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 Midim1 M1 M2 M3 M4 NDWQS pH - 7.1 7.1 7 7.1 7.1 7 7 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.3 7.2 6.5-8.5* Turbidity NTU 7 6 9 7 7 5 5 5 15 8 6 7 6 6 5 (10)* EC μS/cm 330 310 320 330 320 210 280 250 260 290 130 140 140 140 1500* Temperature oC 14.3 15.1 19.4 23.9 15.2 15.9 16.4 15.6 15.9 15.6 18 18.1 20.5 20.1 NA DO mg/l 10.8 10.6 10.6 11 9.6 10.5 8.5 9.1 9.2 11.5 11 11.4 10.7 11.1 >5 BOD mg/l 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.3 6.8 5.4 6.5 6.4 6.6 5.3 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.9 <30 COD mg/l 14.9 14.5 14.9 14.1 15.9 14.8 16.8 15.4 15.1 14.1 14.1 14.2 14.9 15.1 <250 Ammonia mg/l 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 1.5* Nitrate mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 50* Nitrite mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3** Phosphate mg/l 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 NA Sulphate mg/l 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 250* TSS mg/l 5.8 5.1 8.5 6.1 7.1 6.1 6.2 4.1 12.1 5.6 5.1 5.9 5.1 5.1 NA Total Nitrogen mg/l 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.1 3.1 5.8 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.6 NA Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml 2 8 2 2 0 0 2 2 4 0 0 2 2 2 0* *NDWQS **WHO
15 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Parameters Unit DW1 DW2 DW3 NDWQS pH - 7 6.9 6.9 6.5-8.5* Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 5 (10)* TDS mg/l 10 260 290 1000* EC μS/cm 20 440 510 1500* Temperature oC 16.5 16.4 16.3 NA DO mg/l 7.2 8 8.5 >5 BOD mg/l 0.5 2.9 3.5 <30 COD mg/l 1 5.6 6.7 <250 Ammonia mg/l 0.5 0.2 0.2 1.5* Nitrate mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 50* Nitrite mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 3** Phosphate mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 NA Sulphate mg/l 1.1 1.2 1.1 250* TSS mg/l 1.9 2 2.1 NA Total Nitrogen mg/l 0.9 1 1.1 NA Oil and grease mg/l 0.1 0.4 0.7 <10 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 2 4 4 0* Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml 0 0 0 0* *NDWQS **WHO
3.2. AIR QUALITY Parameters Unit A1 A2 A3 A4 WHO NATIONAL Particulate matter (PM2.5) μg/m3 36.6 35.9 37.8 39 25 40 Particulate matter (PM10) μg/m3 65.3 64.1 66.9 70.5 50 120 3 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) μg/m 3 3.8 3.9 2.9 200 80 3 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) μg/m 3.7 4.5 4.7 3.1 20 70 Total suspended particle (TSP) μg/m3 180.2 165.1 185 190.2 120-230 230
3.2. NOISE LEVEL
Noise level Unit Min Max Avg. Level of hearing N1 dB 42.9 76.8 59.8 Peace:50-60 N2 dB 82 98 90 Very high:90-100 N3 dB 68.2 89.6 78.9 Medium:70-80 N4 dB 62.8 81.1 71.9 Medium:70-80 N5 dB 62.7 80.8 71.7 Medium:70-80
16 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
4. INTERPRETATION
The water quality analysis of all study sites shows that all the parameters are within the acceptable limit. However, turbidity and fecal coliform of all the sites are slightly higher than acceptable limit. The presence of fecal bacteria may be due to natural or anthropogenic activities. These bacteria are present in the digestive tract of warm-blooded animals including humans and are found in their wastes.
The water quality analysis of inside camp jar, inside camp tap water and labor camp tap water shows that all the parameters are within the acceptable limit except total coliform. These bacteria are naturally present in the environment and so might have contaminated water samples.
The air quality analysis of all study sites shows that all the parameters are within the acceptable limit.
The noise level analysis of all study sites indicate that dam site fall under peace, settlement, powerhouse and batching plant under medium however, drilling site fall under very high level of hearing. The level of drilling site is high due to drilling activities going on during field visit.
17 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Photos during field visit
Photograph 1: Dam site Photograph 2:Bandarkuna
Photograph 3: Wantang Khola Photograph 4: Bhimad Bazar Bridge
Photograph 5: Palang Photograph 6: Dulepani
18 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Photograph 7: Myagde Khola Confluence Photograph 8: Labour camp
Photograph 9: Power house Photograph 10: Settlement
Photograph 11: Camp site Photograph 12: Batching plant
19 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Photo 13: Laboratory analysis
20 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Annex 8: Table of contents of the main Environmental Plans
FISH MANAGEMENT PLAN
1 Executive Summary i 2 Table of Contents ii 3 List of Tables iii 4 List of Figures iv 5 List of Abbreviation and Acronyms v
TIMING 1 Introduction 30/11/2020 2 Legal and Policy Context 30/11/2020 3 Context, Seti-Madi River Fish Populations and Potential Impacts 30/11/2020 4 Objectives and Expected Outcomes of the Fish Conservation 30/11/2020 Management Plan 5 Material, methods 28/02/2021 5.1 Ichthyofauna 5.2 Macrobenthos 5.3 Zooplankton 5.4 Phytoplankton 5.5 Physico-Chemical parameters of water 6 Field Survey, Hydrobiological and Chemical Monitoring * 28/02/2021 6.1 Ichthyofauna 28/02/2021 6.2 Macrobenthos 28/02/2021 6.3 Zooplankton 28/02/2021 6.4 Phytoplankton 28/02/2021 6.5 Physico-Chemical parameters of water 28/02/2021 7 Fish Hatchery 30/10/2021 7.1 Identification of fish hatchery site 30/06/2021 7.2 Design of the fish hatchery 30/10/2021 7.3 Support to hatchery construction management, supervision and 2022 monitoring 7.4 Support during commission and initial operation 2022 8 Catch and Haul System 8.1 Design of the Catch and Haul System 31/01/2021 8.2 First Implementation of the Catch and haul System 30/06/2021 9 Fish Habitat Protection Alternatives 31/07/2021** 10 Fish pass 10.1 Examination of the feasibility and praticality of a fish pass 31/12/2020 10.2 Design of an appropriate fish pass 31/03/2021 11 Action Plan and Regulations 11.1 Implementation responsibilities of the Plan 31/07/2021** 11.2 Schedule for implementation 31/07/2021** 11.3Review and Amendment of the Plan 2022 12 References 31/07/2021 13 Appendixes 31/07/2021
Notes: * This chapter refers to the second season of survey. Data will be collected in November and analyzed within February 2021. The data will be included in the ESMR. This chapter will be completed in 2023 after the third round of survey. **To fully develop these tasks it should be necessary to collect three years set of data. A draft based on the first monitoring fields is expected by the date indicated.
1 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
2 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
FOREST AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN
1 Executive Summary i 2 Table of Contents ii 3 List of Tables iii 4 List of Figures iv 5 List of Abbreviation and Acronyms v
TIMING 1 Introduction 31/12/2020 1.1 Historical Background 15/12/2020 1.2 International and National legislation context 15/12/2020 1.3 Description of THL project 15/12/2020 1.4 Forest Management Plan: aims and review 15/12/2020 1.5 Watershed Management Plan: aims and review 31/12/2020 2 Forest Structure, Diversity and Conservation Status 30/04/2021 2.1 Status of Forests and Forest Classesa 30/04/2021 2.2 Forest biodiversity 30/04/2021 2.2.1 Forest species diversity and conservation status 30/04/2021 2.2.2 Wildlife diversity and conservation status 30/04/2021 2.2.3 Soil diversity and conservation status 30/04/2021 3 Watershed definition, condition and jurisdiction 01/06/2021 3.1 Characterization of current watershed features 31/01/2021 3.2 Watershed dynamics and balances 28/02/2021 3,3 Monitoring systems within watershed 01/04/2021 3.3.1 Water quality monitoring 3.3.2 Landslides monitorign system 3.3.3 Forest and Wildlife monitoring system 3.4 Identification of other activities insisting on the watershed 01/06/2021 4 Maps and GIS methodology 30/09/2021 4.1 Forest Map 01/11/2020 4.2 Land Use Map 01/06/2021 4.3 Habitat Mapb 01/06/2021 4.4 Diversity Mapc 01/03/2021 4.5 Watershed and sub-basin maps 01/03/2021 4.6 Buffer Zones and definition of establishing principlesd 30/09/2021 4.7 Afforestation area and nursery maps 01/04/2021 5 Current Forest Condition (based on field sampling campaigns)e 5.1 Materials and Methods 15/12/2020 5.2 Forest Inventory 31/03/2021 5.3 Timber and fuelwood volume 31/03/2021 5.4 Non-Timber forest product 31/03/2021 5.5 Plant diversity, vegetation structure and conservation status 31/12/2021 6 Social and Economic Issues related to the use of forest productsf and 01/06/2021 watershed users 6.1 Traditional forest uses by local people 01/06/2021 6.2 Demand of Forest Product 01/06/2021 6.3 Grazing activities in and out forests 01/06/2021 6.4 Other social-economic activities with potential impacts on the watershed 01/06/2021 7 Forest Management Plan (FMP) 31/03/2022 7.1 Goal 01/02/2021
3 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
7.2 Objective 01/02/2021 7.3 Forest Management Strategy 01/02/2021 7.4 Forest management Plan preparation process (Methodology) 01/02/2021 7.5 Afforestation Plan 31/12/2021 7.5.1 Afforestation Plan objectives and Coordination activities with DFO 7.5.2 Afforestation Areas and tree species selected 7.5.3 Afforestation method 7.6 Definition and identification of nursery areas 01/06/2021 7.6.1 ToR 7.6.2 Nursery design and identification method 7.6.3 Established nurseries and summary data on planted trees …...7.6.4 Involvement of local communities 7.7 Harvesting Plang – 31/01/2022 7.7.1 Tree cutting program and vegetation removal plan 7.7.2 Methods for cutting, transplanting, soil retain, storage. 7.7.3 Transportation and pilling of timber and fuel wood 7.7.4 Sale of timber and fuelwood 7.7.5 Revenue and Tax clearance 7.7.6 Income and expenditure of forest products 7.8 Community Forest Operational Plan (CFOP) Renewal 31/01/2022 7.9 Limitations and Risks of FMP 31/12/2021 7.10 Monitoring and Coordination Planh 30/06/2021 7.10.1 FMP Implementation 30/06/2021 7.10.2 Coordination Mechanisms 7.10.3 Forest Management Plan 7.10.4 Monitoring and evaluation system 7.11 Awareness and Communication issues 15/12/2021 8 Watershed Management Plan (WMP) 31/12/2021 6.1 Identification of Watershed disturabance elements 31/06/2021 6.2 Land use changes 31/06/2021 6.3 Water Conservation Measures 01/09/2021 6.4 Promotion of good watershed management practices and awareness- 31/12/2021 raising actions 9 Mitigation Measures and Climate Change and Biodiversity 31/01/2022 Conservation strategies 7.1 Mitigation measures of all the FMP impacts and activities 01/06/2021 7.2 Mitigation measures related to the WMP. 31/12/2021 7.3 Stock (carbon measurement) and carbon sequestration 31/01/2022 10 Coordination with the wildlife conservation management plan 01/05/2021 11 Conclusion and Recommendation 31/03/2022 12 Cited References 13 Tables and Figures 12 Appendices 13 Maps
Notes: aAccording to existing data, such as the EIA and SEIA reports, Department of Forest, etc ba first drafted HB will be developed within the end of November, as it is useful for sampling activities (December- January) while the verified HB will be delivered after sampling campaings. cSubject to data availability (satellite images, field data, etc) and the used methodology. dSeveral aspects are to be considered. 1) As a redline, the extension over 10 m above the full supply level should be avoided. The application of a fixed 10m buffer zone must be carefully discussed and a flexible approach, based
4 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020 on combined criteria (biological, ecological, geological, topographic, social, ect) can be more useful to design buffer zones in a meaningful way. eWhole chapter presents the results of the sampling campaigns in the field (at least one year/two sampling seasons) fBased on the local community survey and information collected during social data collection (questionnaires), a map of forest (and wildlife) local use will also be realized. Mr. Mandal will coordinate, along with social experts, the data collection on forest use in the field during the social survey. gIncluding the Calculation of cleared biomass (BCP): the clearing work will be done by Divisional Forest Office (DFO) and local Community Forest User Groups (CFUG) as by the rule local CFUG is responsible to clear their own area in collaboration with DFO. hThis is the ongoing process till the completion of FMP so its time cannot be estimated, ie. Covid situation.
5 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND AWARENESS PLAN
1 Executive Summary i 2 Table of Contents ii 3 List of Tables iii 4 List of Figures iv 5 List of Abbreviation and Acronyms v
Deadline 1. INTRODUCTION 31/01/2021 1.1 Background 1.2 Rationale for Wildlife Management Plan (WMP) 1.3 Scope of WMP 1.4 Objectives of WMP 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 28/02/2021 2.1 Salient Features of THL 2.2 Topography and Land use 2.3 Forest Resources 2.3.1 Forest Area 2.3.2 Forest Vegetation 2.3.3 National Forests 2.3.4 Community Forests 3. REVIEW OF POLICIES, ACTS, REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES 31/01/2021 (draft) 3.1 Plans, Policies and Strategies 31/03/2021 (final) 3.2 Acts and Rules 3.2.1 Environment Management 3.2.2 Conservation of Biological Resources in Forests 3.2.3 Regulations Directly Related to Hydropower Sector 3.2.4 Water Resources 3.2.5 Land Acquisition, Governance and Social Management 3.3 EIA Guidelines, Directives and Working Procedures 4.WILDLIFE RESOURCES 30/04/2021 (draft) 4.1 Mammals 30/09/2021 (final) 4.1.1 Mammal survey in dry season 4.1.2 Mammal survey in wet season 4.1.3 Camera traps 4.1.4 Sherman traps 4.1.5 Bat Survey 4.2 Birds 28/02/2021 (draft) 4.2.1 Bird survey in dry season 30/09/2021 (final) 4.2.2 Bird survey in wet season 4.3 Herpetofauna 31/05/2021 (draft) 4.3.1 Herpetofauna in dry season 30/09/2021 (final) 4.3.2 Herpetofauna in wet season 4.4 Invertebrates (Butterflies Dragonflies, and Molluscs) 31/05/2021 (draft) 4.4.1 Invertebrates in dry season 30/09/2021 (final) 4.4.2 Invertebrates in wet season 4.5 Focus on threatened and endangered fauna 28/02/2021 (draft) 30/09/2021 (final) 4.6 Wildlife hotspots in the project area 28/02/2021 (draft) 30/09/2021 (final)
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4.7 Potential wildlife movement corridors and river crossing areas 28/02/2021 (draft) 30/09/2021 (final) 4.8 Invasive species 30/04/2021 (draft) 30/09/2021 (final) 5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 30/04/2021 (draft) 5.1 Project Activities and Impacts on Wildlife 30/09/2021 (final) 5.1.1 Forest area displacement 5.1.2 Inundation area coverage 5.1.3 Loss of current river crossing points 5.1.4 Loss/disturbance on the roosting/Nesting sites of animals 5.1.5 Impacts Wildlife during Operation Phase 5.1.6 Impacts of Damauli-Chitwan transmission line
6. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PLAN 30/09/2021 (Draft) 6.1 Habitat restoration and creation of potential corridors 30/09/2021 (Final) 6.2 Human-wildlife conflict 6.3 Mitigation measures against hunting and poaching activities 6.4 Butterfly and other insects house for rare and threatened species 6.5 Awareness posters/pamphlets 6.7 Analyze and mitigate the problem of Invasive species 6.8 Buffer zone for wildlife 6.9 Recommended mitigation measures for Wildlife Management 6.9.1 Measures during construction phase 6.9.2 Measures during operation phase
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Annex 9: Fish Monitoring Report
SETI – MADI RIVER BASIN SECOND HYDROBIOLOGICAL FIELD REPORT
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1. Introduction 14 monitoring sites describedbed in ttable 1, the same monitored in Decemberr 2019, were sampled in December 2020. Table 1: Fish station investigated in December 2019
S. No. River’s NameStat. No. Sampling station Elev. N. Lat. E.. Long.Long Place 1 Seti River Seti 1 Up sstream of Reservoir area 440 28.002891 84.05124.051239 Myagde Khola confluence 2 Seti River Seti 2 Up sstream of Reservoir area 425 27.591395 84.04594.045915 Upstream of Bhimad Bridge 3 Seti River Seti 3 Up stream of Dam site 380 27.582687 84.05324.053215 Bhimad 4 Seti River Seti 4 Up stream of Dam site 332 27.581648 84.08264.082641 Bhimad 5 Seti River Seti 5 DoDownstream of Dam site 316 27.572997 84.15434.154336 Damauli 6 Seti River Seti 6 DoDownstream of Dam site 310 27.575992 84.15564.155649 Damauli 7 Seti River Seti 7 BeloBelow Seti-Madi confluence 302 27.57348 84.16324.163237 Damauli 8 Seti River Seti 8 Belbas 27.560544 84.16424.164266 Damauli 9 Seti River Seti 9 Sode 27.55111 84.17444.17441 Damauli 10 Madi River Madi 1 Madi River Bridge 456 28.093498 84.13074.130799 Ram Bazar 11 Madi River Madi 2 Madi River Bridge 401 28.064223 84.13224.132264 Balyang 12 Madi River Madi 3 Madi River 331 28.025384 84.13554.135507 Parajulibesi 13 Madi River Madi 4 Madiadi RiRiver Upstream of Madi Bridge 317 27.591379 84.15174.151704 Baireni 14 Midim Khola Midim 1 Midim Khola Bridge 449 28.091625 84.13364.133688 Kapurtar
2. Material and methodsds In each site (Table 1, Figure 1) fish monitoring has been executed through use of nets. In the previous monitoring fieldeld electelectrofishing was used to sample, but due to COVID-19CO pandemic it was impossible to reach Nepalepal bby the international expert and consequentlyently bringb the necessary equipment.
FiguFigure 1: Biological and chemical stations.
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Two nylon cast nets (Figuree 2) werwere used with equal effort in each station.
Figureure 2: Sampling with cast nets in the Seti River.
The first one has a diameterer of 315 cm. Mesh size is 8 mm and numberber of metalm pellets at the margin of net are 343. It weights:ghts: 3300 grams.The second one has a diameterter of 270 cm. Mesh size is 14 mm and number of metaltal pelpellets at the margin of net are 463. It weights:ghts: 4480 grams. In station MADI 4 and SETI 9 gill netnets (Figure.3) were used, ranging in meshesh size from 14 to 17 mm. Total length of seven nets wasas about 49 feet, width ranges from 50 to 75 cm..
FiFigure 3: Gill nets used in Madi River
A semiquantitative method has been utilized and an abundance index usedd to describedesc every specie
3 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020 collected (for every specie:1-occasional, 2-present, 3-abundnant, 4-predominant, very abundant); the population s structure has been described also (1-structured population, 2-non structured population). For each station additional environmental parameters (length of the sampled part, maximum and medium width, maximum and medium proof, pools/riffles/runs % composition, substrate % composition, etc.) has been collected in each sample. Macroinvertebrates samples have been executed in the same ichtyological sites, through surber net sampling. For each station a list of the different taxa sampled is reported, with an abundance index for each one, as long as additional station parameters (gravel composition%, habitat characteristics, etc). The macroinvertebrates samples have been preserved in alcool(75%) and carried to a biological laboratory for correct identification. Phytoplankton samples have been collected from each sampling station along the Seti and Madi River. The plankton samples have been preserved in formalin (10%) and carried to a biological laboratory for correct identification. For chemical monitoring, the pool of parameters used in the updated Environmental Management Plant were measured in same of the fish/invertebrates stations: − Ambient Temperature (°C), − pH, − Conductivity (µs/cm), − Total Suspended Solids (mg/l), − Total Phosphorus (mg/l), − Total Nitrogen (mg/l), − Ammoniacal Nitrogen (mg/l), − Nitrate Nitrogen (mg/l), − Nitrite Nitrogen (mg/l) − Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l), − Oxygen Demand (mg/l), − Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l), − Total Sulphate (mg/l), − Fecal Coliform Count (MPN Index / 100ml) − Alkalinity (mg/l) − Carbon-dioxide (ppm), mg/l − Total Hardness (ppm),mg/l − Turbidity (Silt %), NTU Chemical results are reported in a specific report. Macroinvertebrates and Phytoplankton results will be presented and discussed in a specific report when they will be available from the laboratory.
3. Results 3.1 Seti 1 The monitoring station is upstream Myagde Khola confluence, in Bhimad municipality see Figure 4). Here Seti River is large and quite homogeneous; it is reshaped, because of gravel excavation and the turbidity is high due to deposition of wastewater into the river by a crusher plant situated at the left Seti bank (details of the hydrobiological parameters are reported in Table 2).
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Fig. 4. Seti River, SETI 1
In substrate composition, rocks/cobbles (35%) dominate over pebbles (30%), sand (15%), gravel (10%), mud (10%), and boulders (5%). Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is not present; water velocity and turbidity are quite high. Cover for fishes consists of interstices between pebbles, gravel and rocks. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 95 times Duration of sampling: 2 hours Table 2:Hydromorphological parametersof the SETI 1 Station Site: Myagde Khola confluence Municipality Bhimad Length (m): 400 Maximum width (m): 45 Medium width (m): 25 Maximum proof (cm): 80 Medium proof (cm): 40 Homogeneity (0÷5): 3 Anthropization (0÷5): 3 Water velocity (0÷5): 3 Vegetal cover (0÷5): 0 Turbidity (0÷5): 4 Cover (0÷5): 2 Pool (%) 5 Riffle (%) 80 Run (%) 15
Ichthyofauna Seven species were recorded within a sampled surface of 6000 m². List of recorded fishes, number of individuals, abundance index, population structure index are presented in Table 3.
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Table 3:SETI 1. Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index PopulationPop structure Barilius barila 1 1 2 Barilius barna 2 1 2 Garra gotyla 2 1 2 Nemacheilus corica 8 2 2 Neolissochilus hexagonolepis 4 1 2 Paracanhtocobitis botia 1 1 2 Schistura savona 1 1 2
All species show low densityy and unstructured populations. Dominant specieecie is Nemacheilus corica (Fig.5). One of the six IUCN target species was recorded: Neolissochilus hexagonolepisepis (fig.6).(
10 9 8 7 6 N 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 5 5 7 9 11 cm13 15 17 19 21 23 23 25
Fig. 5. Seti River,ver, SESETI 1. Population s structure of Nemacheiluseilus corica
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10 9 8 7 6 N 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 cm13 15 17 19 21 23 23 25
Fig. 6.Seti River, SETITI 1. Population s structure of Neolissichilus hexagonolepishex
3.2 Seti 2 The monitoring station is 100 m upsupstream Bhimad bridge, in Bhimad municipalitycipality (see Fig.7). Seti River is large and not homhomogeneous. Fluvial typology representeded are pools and riffles; maximum and medium prooff are quiquite high(details of the hydrobiological paramearameters are reported in Table 4).
Fig. 7. Seti River, SETI 2
In substrate composition, rocks/cobblcks/cobbles (35%) dominate over pebbles (25%),), sand (15%), boulders
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(10%), mud (10%), and gravel (5%). Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is not present; turbidity is quite high. High turbidity is because of the excavation of pebbles upstream and deposition of waste water from crusher plant. Cover for fishes consists of interstices between pebbles, gravel and rocks. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 165 times Duration of sampling: 2 hours 30 minutes Table 4:Hydromorphological parametersof the SETI 2 Station Site: Upstream Bhimad bridge Municipality Bhimad Length (m): 400 Maximum width (m): 30 Medium width (m): 20 Maximum proof (cm): 150 Medium proof (cm): 50 Homogeneity (0÷5): 2 Anthropization (0÷5): 2 Water velocity (0÷5): 2 Vegetal cover (0÷5): 0 Turbidity (0÷5): 3 Cover (0÷5): 2 Pool (%) 10 Riffle (%) 65 Run (%) 25 Ichthyofauna Six species were recorded within a sampled surface of 8000 m². List of recorded fishes, number of individuals, abundance index, population structure index are presented in table 7. Table 7:SETI 2 Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index Population structure Barilius barila 4 1 2 Garra gotyla 5 1 2 Nemacheilus corica 15 2 1 Neolissochilus hexagonolepis 1 1 2 Puntius sophore 1 1 2 Puntius terio 2 1 2
All species, except Nemacheilus corica (Fig.8), show low density; Barilius bendelisis has structured population, with adults and juveniles presence. One of the six IUCN target species was found: Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (Fig.9).
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10 9 8 7 6 N 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 5 5 7 9 11 cm13 15 17 19 21 23 23 25
Fig. 8. Seti River,ver, SESETI 2. Population s structure of Nemacheiluseilus corica
Fig. 9.Setieti RRiver, SETI 2. Neolissochilus hexagonolepisepis
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3.3 Seti 3 The monitoring station is donwstream Bhimad bridge, in Bhimad municipality (see Fig. 10). Seti River is narrower than upstream sites and not homogeneous. Dominant fluvial typology is pools over riffles and runs; maximum and medium proof are quite high. There are very steep slopes on both banks: therefore only 100 m are suitable for sampling (details of the hydrobiological parameters are reported in Table 8).
Fig. 10. Seti River, SETI 3 In substrate composition, pebbles (35%) and cobbles (35%) dominate over mud (15%), sand (10%) gravel (20%) and boulders (5%) Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is not present; turbidity is very high, because of the excavation of pebbles upstream. Cover for fishes consists of interstices between pebbles, gravel and rocks. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 80 times Duration of sampling: 1 hours 30 minutes Table 8:Hydromorphological parametersof the SETI 3 Station Site: Downstream Bhimad bridge Municipality Bhimad Length (m): 100 Maximum width (m): 30 Medium width (m): 20 Maximum proof (cm): 150 Medium proof (cm): 35 Homogeneity (0÷5): 1 Anthropization (0÷5): 1 Water velocity (0÷5): 2 Vegetal cover (0÷5): 0 Turbidity (0÷5): 3 Cover (0÷5): 2 Pool (%) 50 Riffle (%) 30 Run (%) 20 Ichthyofauna
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Five species were recorded within a sampled surface of 1500 m². List of recorded fishes, number of individuals, abundance index, population structure index are presented in Table 9. Table 9:SETI 3 Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index Population structure Acanthocobotis botia 2 1 2 Barilius bendelisis 2 1 2 Garra gotyla 2 1 2 Nemacheilus corica 1 1 2 Neolissochilus hexagonolepis 1 1 2 All species show low density and un-structured populations. One of the six IUCN target species was found: Neolissochilus hexagonolepis.
3.4 Seti 4 The monitoring station is upstream of the dam site, in Bhimad municipality (see Fig. 11) Seti River has a medium width of 25 meters and is quite homogeneous. Dominant fluvial typologies are riffles over runs; maximum and medium proof are not high. The site has a high level of anthropization (details of the hydrobiological parameters are reported in Table 10).
Fig. 11. Seti River, SETI 4
In substrate composition, rocks (35%) dominate over pebbles (30%), mud (20%), boulders (15%), sand (15%), mud (10%), and gravel (5%), Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is not present; turbidity is quite high. High turbidity is because of the excavation of pebbles. Few cover for fishes consists of interstices between pebbles and gravel. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 200 times Duration of sampling: 2 hours 30 minutes
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Table 10:Hydromorphological parametersof the SETI 4 Station Site: Cave Municipality Bhimad Length (m): 1500 Maximum width (m): 30 Medium width (m): 25 Maximum proof (cm): 100 Medium proof (cm): 50 Homogeneity (0÷5): 2 Anthropization (0÷5): 3 Water velocity (0÷5): 2 Vegetal cover (0÷5): 0 Turbidity (0÷5): 3 Cover (0÷5): 2 Pool (%) 5 Riffle (%) 75 Run (%) 20
Ichthyofauna Seven species were recorded within a sampled surface of 30000 m². List of recorded fishes, number of individuals, abundance index, population structure index are presented in Table 11. Table 11:SETI 4 Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index Population structure Barilius bendelisis 2 1 2 Barilius shacra 1 1 2 Crossocheilus latius 2 1 2 Garra gotyla 2 1 2 Nemacheilus corica 1 1 2 Neolissochilus hexagonolepis 2 1 2 Puntius terio 3 1 2 All species show low density; Puntius terio is predominant, but its population is composed only of adults. One of the six IUCN target species was found: Neolissochilus hexagonolepis.
3.5 Seti 5 The monitoring station is at the dam site, in Byas municipality (see Fig. 12) Seti River has a medium width of 25 meters and is quite homogeneous. Riffles dominates over pools and runs. The site has a high level of anthropization (details of the hydrobiological parameters are reported in Table 12).
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Fig. 12 Seti River, SETI 5
In substrate composition, pebbles (35%) dominate over gravel (20%), rocks, (20%) mud (10%) sand (10%), and boulders (5%), Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is not present; turbidity is lower than in the upper Seti. Cover for fishes consists of interstices between pebbles and gravel. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 45 times Duration of sampling: 1 hours 30 minutes Table 12:Hydromorphological parametersof the SETI 5 Station Site: Cave Municipality Dam site Length (m): Byas Maximum width (m): 120 Medium width (m): 30 Maximum proof (cm): 25 Medium proof (cm): 180 Homogeneity (0÷5): 55 Anthropization (0÷5): 3 Water velocity (0÷5): 3 Vegetal cover (0÷5): 3 Turbidity (0÷5): 0 Cover (0÷5): 2 Pool (%) 2 Riffle (%) 35 Run (%) 45 Ichthyofauna Just one specie was recorded within a sampled surface of 10000 m². List of recorded fishes, number of individuals, abundance index, population structure index are presented in table 13.
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Table 13:SETI 5 Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index Population structure Barilius bendelisis 2 1 2 B. bendelisis shows low density; its population is composed only of adults.
3.6 Seti 6 The monitoring station is upstream Madi River confluence, in Byas municipality (see Fig.13). Seti River has a medium width of 17 meters and shows high homogeneity in width. Runs and riffles are present in similar percentage. The site has some sign of anthropization(details of the hydrobiological parameters are reported in Table 14).
Fig. 13 Seti River, SETI 6 In substrate composition, cobbles (30%) dominate over pebbles (25%), boulders (15%) sand (15%) gravel (10%), and mud (5%). Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is not present; turbidity is low. Cover for fishes consists of interstices between pebbles and gravel. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 45 times Duration of sampling: 1 hours 45 minutes Table 14:Hydromorphological parametersof the SETI 6 Station Site: Madi Confluence Municipality Byas Length (m): 400 Maximum width (m): 22 Medium width (m): 17 Maximum proof (cm): 150 Medium proof (cm): 45 Homogeneity (0÷5): 4 Anthropization (0÷5): 2 Water velocity (0÷5): 3
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Vegetal cover (0÷5): 0 Turbidity (0÷5): 2 Cover (0÷5): 3 Pool (%) 5 Riffle (%) 45 Run (%) 50 Ichthyofauna Two species were recorded within a sampled surface of 4000 m². List of recorded fishes, number of individuals, abundance index, population structure index are presented in Table 15. Table 15:SETI 6 Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index Population structure Barilius barna 1 1 2 Barilius bendelisis 1 1 2 No IUCN target species were found.
3.7 Seti 7 The monitoring station is downstream Madi River confluence, in Byas municipality (see Fig. 14). Seti River is large; its medium width is more than 35 meters; it shows high homogeneity in width. runs dominates over riffle and pools. The site has some signs of anthropization (details of the hydrobiological parameters are reported in Table 16).
Fig. 14 Seti River, SETI 7 In substrate composition, rocks (35%) dominate over pebbles (25%), sand, (15%), gravel (15%), mud (10%) and boulders (5%), Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is not present; turbidity is low. Cover for fishes is high and consists of interstices between pebbles and gravel, algae and macrophyte. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 105 times Duration of sampling: 3 hours
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Table 16:Hydromorphological parametersof the SETI 7 Station Site: Madi Confluence Municipality Madi Confluence Length (m): Byas Maximum width (m): 1000 Medium width (m): 40 Maximum proof (cm): 35 Medium proof (cm): 120 Homogeneity (0÷5): 40 Anthropization (0÷5): 4 Water velocity (0÷5): 2 Vegetal cover (0÷5): 3 Turbidity (0÷5): 0 Cover (0÷5): 2 Pool (%) 3 Riffle (%) 20 Run (%) 35 Ichthyofauna Four species were recorded within a sampled surface of 15000 m². List of recorded fishes, number of individuals, abundance index, population structure index are presented in Table 17. Table 17:SETI 7 Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index Population structure Chagunius chagunio 1 1 2 Garra gotyla 1 1 2 Puntius terio 1 1 2 All species show low density. No one of the six IUCN target species were found No IUCN target species were found.
3.8 Seti 8 The monitoring station is near Belbas, in Byas municipality, 300 m downstream the powerhouse (see Fig.15). Seti River is large; its medium width is more than 35 meters; it shows high homogeneity in width. Run and riffles dominates over little pools. In site collection of rocks and sand, noise and vibration due to construction activities at tailrace are reported (details of the hydrobiological parameters are reported in Table 18).
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Fig. 15 Seti River, SETI 8 In substrate composition, cobbles (35%) dominate over pebbles (20%), gravel (15%), sand, (10%), mud (10%) and boulders (5%). Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is not present; turbidity is medium. Cover for fishes consists of interstices between pebbles and gravel. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 55 times Duration of sampling: 1 hours 30 minutes
Table 18:Hydromorphological parametersof the SETI 8 Station Site: Belbas Municipality Byas Length (m): 1000 Maximum width (m): 40 Medium width (m): 35 Maximum proof (cm): 200 Medium proof (cm): 40 Homogeneity (0÷5): 4 Anthropization (0÷5): 1 Water velocity (0÷5): 2 Vegetal cover (0÷5): 0 Turbidity (0÷5): 3 Cover (0÷5): 2 Pool (%) 10 Riffle (%) 40 Run (%) 50 Ichthyofauna Two species were recorded within a sampled surface of 20000 m². List of recorded fishes, number of individuals, abundance index, population structure index are presented in Table 19.
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Table 19:SETI 8 Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index Population structure Barilius barila 1 1 2 Barilius bendelisis 5 1 2 All species show low density. No IUCN target species were found.
3.9 Seti 9 The monitoring station is near Sode, in Byas municipality, downstream the powerhouse (see Fig. 16). Seti River has an estimated medium width of 35 meters and it s quite homogeneous in width. Riffles dominates over run and pools. In the site there are signs (observed) of extraction of rock and sand (details of the hydrobiological parameters are reported in Table 20).
Fig. 16 Seti River, SETI 9
In substrate composition, cobbles (45%) dominate over pebbles (20%), sand (15%), gravel (10%), mud (5%) and rocks (5%), Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is not present; turbidity is low. Cover for fishes consists of interstices between pebbles and gravel. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 45 times Duration of sampling: 1 hours 30 minutes
Table 20:Hydromorphological parametersof the SETI 9 Station Site: Sode Municipality Byas Length (m): 1000 Maximum width (m): 40 Medium width (m): 35
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Maximum proof (cm): 200 Medium proof (cm): 40 Homogeneity (0÷5): 3 Anthropization (0÷5): 1 Water velocity (0÷5): 2 Vegetal cover (0÷5): 0 Turbidity (0÷5): 2 Cover (0÷5): 3 Pool (%) 25 Riffle (%) 40 Run (%) 50 Ichthyofauna One specie was recorded within a sampled surface of 15000 m². List of recorded fishes, number of individuals, abundance index, population structure index are presented in table 21. Table 21:SETI 8 Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index Population structure Barilius shacra 1 1 2 Barilius shacra, the only specie found, shows very low density.
3.10 Madi 1 The monitoring station is downstream Ram Bazar Bridge, in Middle Nepal municipality (see Fig. 17). Madi River has a medium width that s more than 20 meters; it shows low homogeneity in width. Riffles dominates over runs and pools. The site has some signs of anthropization (details of the hydrobiological parameters are reported in Table 22).
Fig. 17Madi River, MADI 1
In substrate composition, rocks (35%) dominate over pebbles (25%), gravel (15%), boulders (10%),
19 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020 and sand (10%) and mud (5%). Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is absent. Cover for fishes consists of interstices between pebbles and gravel. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 95 times Duration of sampling: 2 hours
Table 22:Hydromorphological parametersof the MADI 1 Station Site: Ram Bazar Municipality Middle Nepal Length (m): 1200 Maximum width (m): 35 Medium width (m): 20 Maximum proof (cm): 200 Medium proof (cm): 50 Homogeneity (0÷5): 2 Anthropization (0÷5): 3 Water velocity (0÷5): 3 Vegetal cover (0÷5): 0 Turbidity (0÷5): 1 Cover (0÷5): 2 Pool (%) 10 Riffle (%) 55 Run (%) 35 Ichthyofauna Two species were recorded within a sampled surface of 24000 m². List of recorded fishes, number of individuals, abundance index, population structure index are presented in Table 23.
Table 23:MADI 1 Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index Population structure Barilius bendelisis 8 1 2 Schizothorax richardsonii 2 1 2 All species show low density. No IUCN target species were found. Barilius bendelisisis the dominant specie, but its population is unstructured (Fig.18). One of the six IUCN target species was found, Schizothorax richardsonii (Fig.19), with very low density and few juveniles.
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10 9 8 7 6 N 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 cm13 15 17 19 21 23 23 25 Fig. 18. Madi River,ver, MAMADI 1. Population s structure of Barilius bendendelisis
10 9 8 7 6 N5 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 cm13 15 17 19 2121 23 25
Fig. 19.Madi River, MADI 1. Population s structure of Schizothoraxax richardsoniiri
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3.11 Madi 2 The monitoring station is upstream Bridge, in Middle Nepal municipality (see Fig. 20). In this site Madi River is bicusal: the sampled right branch has has a medium widht of 20 meters. Madi River shows medium homogeneity in width. Riffles and runs dominates over pools. The site has some signs of anthropization (details of the hydrobiological parameters are reported in Table 24).
Fig. 20Madi River, MADI 2 In substrate composition, cobbles (35%) dominate over pebbles (30%), sand (20%), boulders, gravel and mud. Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is absent. Cover for fishes consists of interstices between pebbles and cobbles. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 100 times Duration of sampling: 2 hours Table 24:Hydromorphological parametersof the MADI 2 Station Site: Bridge Municipality Middle Nepal Length (m): 1500 Maximum width (m): 40 Medium width (m): 20 Maximum proof (cm): 200 Medium proof (cm): 50 Homogeneity (0÷5): 3 Anthropization (0÷5): 2 Water velocity (0÷5): 3 Vegetal cover (0÷5): 0 Turbidity (0÷5): 1 Cover (0÷5): 3 Pool (%) 10 Riffle (%) 45
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Run (%) 45 Ichthyofauna One species were recorded within a sampled surface of 30000 m². List of recorded fishes, numbermber of individuals, abundance index, populationation structurest index are presented in Table 25. Table 25:MADI 2 Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index PopulationPop structure Barilius bendelisis 10 2 1
B. bendelisis has structureded populpopulation (fig. 18). No IUCN target species wereere found.found
10 9 8 7 6 N 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 cm13 15 17 19 21 23 23 25 Fig. 21Seti River,, MADMADI 2. Population s structure of Barilius bendeendelisis
3.12 Madi 3 The monitoring station is 200 upstupstream a Suspended Bridge, in Byas municipalitycipality (see Fig. 22). The river has a medium widthdth of 30 meters and high heterogeneity in width.h. RifflesRiff dominates over pools and runs. The site has signs of anthropization (collection of rock and sand, picnic spot). Details of the hydrobiologicalcal paraparameters are reported in Table 26.
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Fig. 22Madi River, MADI 3 In substrate composition, cobbles (35%) dominate over pebbles (30%), boulders (15%), sand (15%), mud (10%) and gravel (5%). Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is absent. Cover for fishes consists of interstices between rocks, pebbles and gravel and macrophyte. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 110 times Duration of sampling: 2 hours Table 26:Hydromorphological parametersof the MADI 3 Station Site: Suspension Bridge Municipality Byas Length (m): 1000 Maximum width (m): 45 Medium width (m): 30 Maximum proof (cm): 80 Medium proof (cm): 35 Homogeneity (0÷5): 3 Anthropization (0÷5): 2 Water velocity (0÷5): 3 Vegetal cover (0÷5): 0 Turbidity (0÷5): 1 Cover (0÷5): 3 Pool (%) 10 Riffle (%) 50 Run (%) 40 Ichthyofauna One species were recorded within a sampled surface of 20000 m². List of recorded fishes, number of individuals, abundance index, population structure index are presented in Table 27.
24 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Table 27:MADI 3 Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index Population structure Barilius bendelisis 9 2 1 Puntius terio 1 1 2 Channa orientalis 1 1 2 B. bendelisis is the dominant species, with structured population. The other two species show low density and unstructured populations.
3.13 Madi 4 The monitoring station is 800 upstream China Bridge in Damauli, in Byas municipality (see Fig. 23). In this site Madi River is bicusal: the sampled right branch has a medium width of 18 meters. Madi River shows high heterogeneity in width. Runs dominates over riffles. The site has low signs of anthropization (escavation site).Details of the hydrobiological parameters are reported in Table 28.
Fig. 23Madi River, MADI 4 In substrate composition, pebbles (40%) dominate over cobbles (30%), sand (17%), mud (3%) and boulders (10). Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is absent. Cover for fishes consists of interstices between pebbles and gravel. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 105 times Duration of sampling: 2 hours 30 minutes Seven gill net were stretch along the width of the river in the evening (5pm) and left overnight. Fish species entangled in the net were observed in the next morning (5 am). Duration of sampling: 12 hours Table 28:Hydromorphological parametersof the MADI 4 Station Site: China Bridge Municipality Byas Length (m): 250 Maximum width (m): 45 Medium width (m): 30 Maximum proof (cm): 80
25 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Medium proof (cm): 40 Homogeneity (0÷5): 2 Anthropization (0÷5): 2 Water velocity (0÷5): 2 Vegetal cover (0÷5): 0 Turbidity (0÷5): 1 Cover (0÷5): 2 Pool (%) 3 Riffle (%) 87 Run (%) 10 Ichthyofauna One species were recorded within a sampled surface of 20000 m². List of recorded fishes, number of individuals, abundance index, population structure index are presented in Table 29. Table 29:MADI 4 Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index Population structure Acanthocobotis botia 10 2 1 Barilius barila 1 1 2 Barilius bendelisis 17 3 1 Botia almorhae 1 1 2 Botia lohachata 1 1 2 Chagunius chagunio 3 1 2 Glyptothorax pectinopterus 1 1 2 Glyptothorax telchitta 4 1 2 Mastacenbalus armatus 1 1 2 Tor chelynoides 6 2 2 Garra gotyla 28 3 1 Nemachelius corica 1 1 2 Neolissochilus hexagonolepis 1 1 2 Paracanthocobitis botia 5 1 2 Puntius conchonius 1 1 2 Puntius sophore 3 1 2 Puntius terio 8 2 1 Schistura savona 12 2 1 Schizothorax richardsonii 1 1 2 Tor putitora 1 1 2 Garra gotyla is predominant and abundant and its population is showed in fig. 21. Also,Barilius bendelisis (fig. 22), Acanthobotis botia, Puntius terioand Shistura savona, less common, have quite structured population. Other species are occasional.
26 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 N 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 5 5 7 9 11 cm13 15 17 19 21 23 25
Fig. 24.Seti RiverRiver, MADI 4. Population s structure of Garraa gotylago
10 9 8 7 6 N 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 5 5 7 9 11 cm13 15 17 19 21 23 25
Fig. 25.Seti River,ver, MAMADI 4. Population s structure of Bariliuss bendelisisben
27 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Fig.. 26.S26.Seti River, MADI 4. Naziritor chelynoides Three IUCN target species were found, Schizothorax richardsonii, Tor putitoratora and Naziritor (Tor) chelynoides. The last one (fig.ig. 26 and 27) was not previously reported in thehe Seti/MadiSeti/ River system.
10 9 8 7 6 N5 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 cm13 15 17 19 2121 23 25
Fig. 27.Seti River,iver, MMADI 4. Population s structure of Tor chelynelynoides
28 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
3.14 Midim 1 The monitoring station is downstream Ram Bazar Bridge, in Middle Nepal municipality (see Fig. 28). Midim Khola River has a medium of 15 meters; it shows low homogeneity in width. Riffles dominates over runs and pools. Signs of anthropization are: collection of rocks and sand, animal grazing on the bank.Details of the hydrobiological parameters are reported in Table 30.
Fig. 28Midim Khola River, MIDIM 1
In substrate composition, cobbles (30%) dominate over pebbles (25%), boulders (15%), sand (15%), gravel (10%) and mud (5%). Vegetal cover on the wet riverbed is absent. Cover for fishes consists of interstices between pebbles and gravel. Two cast nets were used for sampling. No of efforts using both cast nets = 215 times Duration of sampling: 2 hours 30 minutes Table 30:Hydromorphological parametersof the MIDIM 1 Station Site: Ram Bazar Bridge Municipality Middle Nepal Length (m): 2000 Maximum width (m): 23 Medium width (m): 15 Maximum proof (cm): 150 Medium proof (cm): 30 Homogeneity (0÷5): 2 Anthropization (0÷5): 2 Water velocity (0÷5): 2 Vegetal cover (0÷5): 0 Turbidity (0÷5): 1 Cover (0÷5): 2 Pool (%) 5 Riffle (%) 75 Run (%) 20
29 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Ichthyofauna Six species were recorded withinithin a sampled surface of 30000 m². List of recorded fishes, numbermber of individuals, abundance index, populationation structurest index are presented in Table 31. Table 31:MIDIM 1 Fish list Specie N individuals Abundance Index PopulationPop structure Barilius bendelisis 36 3 1 Garra annandalei 1 1 2 Neolissochilus hexagonolepis 2 1 2 Paracanthocobitis botia 2 1 2 Puntius sophore 1 1 2 Puntius conchonius 1 1 2
Most of the species, except B.. bendelbendelisis (Fig.29) show low density and unstructuredunstructur populations. Between IUCN target species,es, onlonly Neolissichilus hexagonolepis was found.d.
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 N 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 5 5 7 9 11 cm13 15 17 19 21 23 25
Fig. 29.Seti River,ver, MIMIDIM 1. Population s structure of Barilius bendelisisben
30 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
4. Discussion and comments
25 fish species (see Tab. 32) were recorded in December 2020 in 14 sites in Seti River basin.
Table 32:List of species recorded No. Scientific Name Local Name Number of stations MS PS 1 Acanthocobotis botia Gadela/Baghi 2 R LC 2 Barilius barila Faketa 4 R LC 3 Barilius bendelisis Faketa 11 R LC 4 Barilius barna Faketa 2 R LC 5 Barilius shacra Faketa 2 R LC 6 Botia almorhae Baghi/Baghuwa 1 R LC 7 Botia lohachata Baghi/Getu 1 R LC 8 Chagunius chagunio Gadhini 2 MD LC 9 Channa orientalis Garahi 1 R LC 10 Crossocheilus latius 1 R LC 11 Garra annandalei Buduna/Naktuwa 1 R LC 12 Garra gotyla Buduna 6 R LC 13 Glyptothorax pectinopterus Capre 1 R LC 14 Glyptothorax telchitta Telcapre 1 R LC 15 Mastacembelus armatus ChuchcheBam 1 R LC 16 Naziritor chelynoides Halundae/Ryangto 1 MD VU 17 Nemacheilus corica Rai Gadelo 5 R LC 18 Neolissochilus hexagonolepis Katle 6 MD NT 19 Paracanthocobitis botia Gadela/Baghi 5 R LC 20 Puntius conchonius Kavre/Chyabri 2 R LC 21 Puntius sophore Pothiya/Sidra 3 R LC 22 Puntius terio Pothi 5 R LC 23 Schistura savona Gadela 2 R LC 24 Schizothorax richardsonii BuchheAsla 2 R VU 25 Torputitora Sahar 1 LD EN MS: Migratory Status: R: resident, MD: medium distance, LD: long distance; PS: Protected Status (IUCN) new species recorded in comparison with 2019 Note: Scientific name based on recent book of Tej Kumar Shrestha (2019)
Most recorded specie is Barilius bendelisis (12 sites), followed by Garra gotyla (6 sites) and Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (6 sites). Puntius terio and Nemacheilus corica were found in 5 sites and Barilius barila in 4 sites. Other species arerarer and, between them, Schizothorax richardsonii was found in two stations, Tor putitora was found in only one site.
Between the six IUCN target species previously described in the Seti-Madi system and potentially present (Bagarius yarrelli, Labeo pangusia, Neolissichilus hexagonolepis, Schizothorax richardsonii, Tor putitora and Tor tor), only Neolissichilus hexagonolepis, Schizothorax richardsonii and Tor putitora were found.
An important new IUCN specie, Naziritor chelynoides (Tor chelynoides dark mahseer), was found in MADI 4. It is classified as Vulnerable (VU) species in global IUCN redlist. N. chelynoides has not previously found in Seti Basin.
A total of nine new species were recorded in 2020 monitoring field in comparison to 2019 monitoring field. Six species found in 2019 monitoring field were not found in 2020 monitoring field
31 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Fish species number range recorded in each station in 2020 varies between 1 and 20. Average number is 4,79 (See Table 33). Table 33:Number of fish species recorded in each station
No. Station Name Number of species recorded 2020 2019 1 SETI 1 7 9 2 SETI 2 6 5 3 SETI 3 5 2 4 SETI 4 7 4 5 SETI 5 1 1 6 SETI 6 2 8 7 SETI 7 4 7 8 SETI 8 2 5 9 SETI 9 1 4 10 MADI 1 2 8 11 MADI 2 1 9 12 MADI 3 3 8 13 MADI 4 20 7 14 MIDIM 1 6 8
The comparison between the results of 2019 monitoring fields (Table 33) shows a decreasing in number of species caught in each station.
Excluding the result of station MADI 4, in which the fishing effort was very high (more than 14 hours of fishing with various nets) the average number of species is 3,61 against the average number of 6 in 2019.
The average number of individuals caught in each station is also much lower in 2020, except in station MADI 4, were, as reported above, the fishing effort was very high.
The comparison of results using different fishing equipment (electrofishing versus use of nets) suggest a higher efficacity of electrofishing in shorter time.
Nevertheless, a very high fishing effort, using different nets for many hours, possibly overnight, can give very good results.
32 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
APPENDIX 1 - ICTHYOFAUNA SURVEY FORM
Client: THL - Tanahu Hydropower Limited
ICTHYOFAUNA SURVEY FORM
------Date: River: Station (N): ------Site: ( m s.l.m.) Municipality: ------
Sampled river characteristics ------lenght (m): maximum widht (m): medium widht (m): ------surface (m2): maximum proof (cm): medium proof (cm): ------homogeneity (0÷5): anthropization (0÷5): current speed (0÷5): ------vegetal cover (0÷5): turbidity (0÷5): cover (%): ------pools (%): riffles (%): runs (%): ------falls (%): leaps (%): small leaps (%): ------boulders (%): rocks (%): pebbles (%): ------gravel (%): sand (%): mud (%): ------water temperature (°C): ------
NOTES:______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
33 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
SAMPLED SPECIES
o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o p a P S N o: occasional p: present a: abundant P: predominant S: structured population N: non structuredpopul.
34 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
specie lenght weight specie lenght weight 1 46 2 47 3 48 4 49 5 50 6 51 7 52 8 53 9 54 10 55 11 56 12 57 13 58 14 59 15 60 16 61 17 62 18 63 19 64 20 65 21 66 22 67 23 68 24 69 25 70 26 71 27 72 28 73 29 74 30 75 31 76 32 77 33 78 34 79 35 80 36 81 37 82 38 83 39 84 40 85 41 86 42 87 43 88 44 89 45 90
35 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
APPENDIX 2 - MACROINVERTEBRATES SURVEY FORM TAXA
PLECOPTERA Capniidae (family) Leuctridae Nemouridae Peltoperlidae Perlidae Perlodidae Taeniopterygidae
EPHEMEROPTERA Baetidae (family) Ephemerellidae Heptageniidae Leptophlebiidae
TRICOPTERA Hydropsichidae (family) Hydroptilidae Lepidostomatidae Limnephilidae Philopotamidae Polycentopodidae Rhyacophilidae Sericostomatidae
COLEOPTERA Dytiscidae (family) Elmidae Gyrinidae Helodidae Hydraenidae
ODONATA Calopterygidae (family) Corduliidae Gomphidae Libellulidae
DIPTERA Athericidae (family) Blephariceridae Ceratopogonidae Chironomidae Limoniidae Simuliidae Tabanidae
HETEROPTERA Corixidae (family) Naucoridae Nepidae
36 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
CRUSTACEA Gammaridae (family) Palaemonidae
GASTROPODA Ampullaridae (family) Lymnaeidae Planorbidae Viviparidae
BIVALVIA Amblemidae (family) Unionidae
TRICLADIDA Planaridae (family)
HIRUDINEA (family) OLIGOCHAETA Lumbricidae (family) Tubificidae
OTHERS
TOTAL U.S. IBE Index Quality Class
RIVER: SITE: STATION: DATE:
Bibliography Dolan, C. R., and L. E. Miranda. 2003. Immobilization thresholds of electrofishing relative to fish size. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132:969–976. Dolan, C. R., and L. E. Miranda. 2004. Injury and mortality of warmwater fishes immobilized by electrofishing. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24:118–127. Miranda, L. E., and C. R. Dolan. 2004. Electrofishing power requirements in relation to duty cycle. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24:55–62. Shrestha, T. K. 2019. Ichthyology of Nepal. B. J. Shrestha Publisher, Kathmandu, Nepal.
37 Tanahu Hydropower Project ESMR July – December 2020
Annex 10: Water release and River Safety Management Progress Report
1
Tanahu Hydropowdropower Limited
Consulting Serviervices for Environmentalntal and Social Manageagement Service Providerder for Tanahuahu HHydropower Projectt
TANATANAHU ESMSP DAM BREAK ANALANALYSIS AND DAM SAFAFETY GUIDELINES EMEMERGENCY PREPAREDNEDNESS PLANAN PPROGRESS REPORT November 2020
ELCC ELECTROCONSULT, MILILAN, ITALY Tanahu Hydropowdropower Limited
1. INTRODUCTION
The present document updates the state of advance of the dam safety analysis of Tanahu dam. The activities have been structureded iin the following tasks.
Task 1 includes studies concernirning natural flood events with or without presencence of Tanahu reservoir with particular regardrd to ordinary, exceptional and catastrophic floods controlcont and the potential downstream benefits due to the presence of the Tanahu dam. It is clear thattha the benefits of the project from the point of vview of dam safety depend on the operational protocolprot of the reservoir and on the implementatiation of a robust flood forecast system considerationstions. However, the definition of the operationalonal protocol of the reservoir is an activity that th has to be provided by the Client to thee Consultant, otherwise, it can be done in this th context in continuous collaboration with ththe Client and the Designer. This activity is yett to beb defined.
In Task 2, a preliminary analysiysis (power point presentation available) shows severals failure scenarios of the gravity dam. Inn the case of Tanahu dam, a dam body sliding scenaenario has been assumed, due to a sliding phenomenomenon between the base of the dam and the rock foundation.founda The assumptions refer only to the operaoperation of the plant, with the reservoir at Full Supplyupply Level = 415 m a.s.l., the dam break analysis duriduring the early impounding has not been consideredred ata this stage. Our work on probabilistic risk ananalysis has shown that the greatest risk componentnt derives from loading other than the MCE (M(Maximum Considered Earthquake PGA 0.5)) that is often predictable with much greaterr cconfidence. The greatest risk could, therefore,, come from a combination of normal operationon conditions coupled with severe sliding of the gravitygra dam in earthquake conditions. The downsnstream propagation between the dam site and the border with India was carried out with a peak discharge of 79,978 m³/s, representative of the catastrophic event in conditions of dam breakk of the gravity dam. This corresponds to instantaneaneous removal of 3 joints. The study was carriedrried out considering PGA 0.15, PGA 0.5 and in presencepre of the PMF (in attachment, some theoretietical considerations on the calculation).
Full Supply Level 415 m a.a.s.l. Minimum Operation Level 387 m a.a.s.l. Dam crest elevation 420 m a.s.l.a. Reservoir bottom elevation 280 m a.a.s.l. Dam height 140 m Dam crest length 170 m Dam bottom width 30 m 2 g 9.81 m/s/s
Design Loadad Cond. Joint Breach Breach Initiitial water Dam wetted Peak discharge PGA PGA No. of Breach area a PMF width width height depthde h 0 2 area A 0 Q P 0.15g 0.50g joints (m ) 2 3 (max(m Pf,n) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m ) (m /s) (max Pf,n) (max Pf,n) 1 15 15 135 135 2,025.0 13,500 35,086 7.00E-02 11.00E-07 1.00E+00 2 15 30 135 135 4,050.0 13,500 59,007 4.90E-03 11.00E-14 1.00E+00 3 15 45 135 135 6,075.0 13,500 79,978 3.43E-04 11.00E-21 1.00E+00 1 15 15 67.5 135 1,012.5 13,500 20,862 7.00E-02 11.00E-07 1.00E+00 2 15 30 67.5 135 2,025.0 13,500 35,086 4.90E-03 11.00E-14 1.00E+00 3 15 45 67.5 135 3,037.5 13,500 47,555 3.43E-04 11.00E-21 1.00E+00 4 15 60 67.5 135 4,050.0 13,500 59,007 2.40E-05 11.00E-28 1.00E+00 5 15 75 67.5 135 5,062.5 13,500 69,757 1.68E-06 11.00E-35 1.00E+00 6 15 90 67.5 135 6,075.0 13,500 79,978 1.18E-07 11.00E-42 1.00E+00 7 15 105 67.5 135 7,087.5 13,500 89,780 8.24E-09 11.00E-49 1.00E+00 8 15 120 67.5 135 8,100.0 13,500 99,237 5.76E-10 11.00E-56 1.00E+00
Progress Report– November 2020 1 ELC Electroconsuconsult S.p.A Tanahu Hydropowdropower Limited
The main aspects of the analysiss aare presented in Annex 1. The Consultant proposroposes a technical discussion with the Client and ADADB on this regard. In fact, the assumptions on the failure have implications on the social impactt of the analysis.
Task 3 foresees the definition of the areas subject to flooding. The study will be carriarried out down to the border with India, for a length of 125 km along the rivers Seti andnd Narayani.N The Consultant proposes to carry out the study in dry bed conditions. This is becaususe the storage capacity of the reservoir is approxpproximately 300 million m³, while the volume of ana exceptional flood is about 2 billion m³. This cacan create confusion and the impact that will be evaluatedev in the study will be mostly associatedd to the hydrological event and not to the dam break..
The flooded areas will be reprepresented in scale 1:25,000 and the cross sectioions inside the reservoirs have been surveyed inn the design phase, while the downstream sectionsons to the border with India will be extracted from the 1:25,000 topographic map.
Figure 3 – Nepal Topographic Map 1:2:25,000 index map. Government of Nepal , Survey Departmtment. In Task 4 a methodology for hazazard classification will be applied to the flooded areasare in order to define the flood risk.
Progress Report– November 2020 2 ELC Electroconsuconsult S.p.A Tanahu Hydropowdropower Limited
In Task 5 the Emergency Preparednredness Plan. will be prepared based on Task 3 andnd TaskT 4
Task 6 will be developed descriscribes the general approach and framework foror Dam Safety management of the project. The aapproach is comprehensive, as it covers the full lifecycleli of the project from initial impounding to end of normal operation stage. It is not in thehe scopes of work the elaboration of all detailed plansans for different project stages, that should be definefined elsewhere. For instance, definition of threshreshold levels in the Monitoring Instrumentationon Plan, or the elaboration of Initial Impoundingpounding Plan are tasks to be completed by the Civilil Contractor. It should be emphasized that the Initnitial Impoundment Plan has strong implications not only on dam safety, but on trans-boundary watater management across the Nile river. Therefore,ore, definition of how initial impounding will be peperformed must consider constraints imposedd byb dam safety conditions but will be definedned taking into consideration other aspects relalated to water management from a wider perspepective. In any case, guidelines for dam safety maanagement are provided in the document for Monionitoring Instrumentation Plan, Initial Impoundingng Plan, Normal Operation Plan, Flood Routing ProtProtocol, Earthquake and post-earthquake Protocolocol, Emergency Preparedness Plan and Dam Safetyety Corrective Actions.
This activity has to be carried out in coordination with the Client and the Designgner, basing on the updated design. Currently, wee are working with the upgraded Feasibility Studydy.
Progress Report– November 2020 3 ELC Electroconsuconsult S.p.A Tanahu Hydropowdropower Limited
2. Bibliography 1. Upgrading Feasibility Studyudy on Upper Seti (Damauli) Storage Hydroelectrictric Project In Nepal, JICA, June 2017 2. Omid Omidi, Somasundaramm Valliappan, Vahid Lotfi. Seismic cracking of concreteconc gravity dams by plastic–damage modeodel using different damping mechanisms. Finite ElemE Anal Des 2013;63:80–97. 3. Alembagheri M, Seyedkazememi M. Seismic performance sensitivity and uncertertainty analysis of gravity dams. Earthquakee EEng Struct Dynam 2015;44 (1):41–58. 4. Mohammad Alembagheri, MohsMohsen Ghaemian. Seismic assessment of concretete gravity dams using capacity estimationon and damage indexes. Earthquake Eng Struct St Dynam 2013;42(1):123–44. 5. Junjie Huang, Aspasia Zerva.a. Earthquake performance assessment of concretete gravity dams subjected to spatially varvarying seismic ground motions. Struct Infnfrastruct Eng 2013;10(8):1011–26. 6. Subrata Mridha, Damodar Maaity. Experimental investigation on nonlinear dynanamic response of concrete gravity dam-reservervoir system. Eng Struct 2014;80:289–97. 7. Jianwen Pan, Chuhan Zhangng, Yanjie Xu, Feng Jin. A comparative study of the different procedures for seismic cracracking analysis of concrete dams. Soil Dyn Eartarthquake Eng 2011;31(11):1594–606. 8. Chopra Anil K, Chakrabartii PP. The Koyna earthquake and the damage to Koyoyna Dam. Bull Seismol Soc Am 1973;63(2):381.):381. 9. Beale, William & Davison,on, Ian. (2013). Estimation of Gravity Dam Breach Breac Geometry. Proceedings of New Zealandnd Society of Large Dams (NZSOLD) and the Austratralian National Committee on Large Dams (A(ANCOLD) Conference At: Rotorua, New Zealand.nd.
Progress Report– November 2020 4 ELC Electroconsuconsult S.p.A Tanahu Hydropowdropower Limited
Consulting Servervices for Environmentatal and Social Managemement Service Providerder for Tanahu Hydropopower Project
ANNEX A: Hypotheses on Tanahu dam failure
Progress Report– November 2020 5 ELC Electroconsuconsult S.p.A Tanahu Hydropowdropower Limited
1. Summary
The objective of the analysis iss tthe assessment of the number of failing dam monoliths monol to be considered for the dam break studtudy. Two aspects have to be assessed: (1) failureure modes to be considered, and (2) number of failiiling dam monoliths and associated likelihood.
(1) Failure Modes
The first step is the review of pospossible failure modes for gravity dams. Main failailure modes in gravity dams include: (a) overtoppiopping, (b) sliding along the dam-foundation contaontact, (c) sliding along horizontal joints in the damm body and, (d) a combination of overturning andnd crushingc of the foundation (known as “limit turningurning”).
(a) Overtopping: Possibilityty of overtopping is currently under study. Consideidering that the maximum water level resereservoir associated with the PMF is 417.80 m.a.s.l..s.l. and the dam crest is at 420 m.a.s.l., seseems that overtopping would only be possible associated as with gate failure during the PMFMF. Therefore, it is not considered in the presentnt document.d
(b) Sliding along the dam-fou-foundation contact: this failure mode is associaiated with high uplift pressures, weakenedned or poor concrete to rock contact, with very low or no cohesion strength, and low frictionon aangles, and in concomitance with high horizontalal thrusts, either of hydrostatic nature (floodflood events) and/or dynamic nature (earthquakee events). This failure mode is associateded with higher peak discharges as the full height of the reservoir generates energy and fullull reservoir volume is available for flow generationtion during the failure. This failure modeode is therefore considered in the present analysis.is.
(c) Sliding along horizontall joijoints in the dam body: this failure mode is simililar to the dam- foundation contact, but is typically less likely (usually higher shear strength stre can be attained in the joints in ththe dam body if properly built, less hydrostatic thrustthru is present and failure of drainage sysystem can be better controlled) and also has a lessle magnitude (less height and volume of reservoir is available to generate the dam breakak hydrograph). For these reasons, it is not cconsidered in the present analysis.
(d) Limit turning: This failureilure mode is only possible when sliding does not happen and hydrostatic and or dynamimic forces acting on the dam generate high comprepressive stress at the downstream toe andnd ttensile stress at the upstream toe. This failurere mode is not currently considered inn the present analysis, as further work is neededed to assess its likelihood.
Therefore, sliding along the damam-foundation contact is the failure mode selected sel for the analysis.
(2) Number of monoliths failfailing and associated likelihood The estimation of the number of failing monoliths and associated likelihood canan be addressed using different approaches: (a) Assssessment based on historical failures; and (b) Assessessment based on probabilistic analysis.
Progress Report– November 2020 6 ELC Electroconsuconsult S.p.A Tanahu Hydropowdropower Limited
(a) Assessment based on hhistorical failures: The number of failing mononoliths to be considered for the dam brebreak study is selected based on both the dam profilepro and past experiences and current bebest practices in the field. A drawback of this approapproach is that it does not provide an estimimate of the associated probability, therefore it is not possible to use it on quantitative riskk analyses. The conclusion is that failure of 3 damda monoliths seems reasonable. (b) Assessment based on prprobabilistic analysis: The number of failing monoliths monol to be considered for the damm break study is explored under a probabilislistic approach, considering a mathematictical model for the selected failure mode and the th uncertainty associated with key variablriables and parameters of the model. The probabilbility associated with the failure of differentrent number of dam monoliths is then estimated. A methodology to estimate this probabilbility is proposed and explained in the followowing sections. Numerical results of probaprobabilities are still under review and should be takeken with care at the present moment. It has to be emphasized that at this moment the objectivtive of the study is the practical use of probaprobability concepts to support the selection of the failingfa number of monoliths, and not too make absolute statements regarding the safety of the dam in probabilistic terms. Thee cconclusion is that results of the analysis seemem to strongly support the selection of faifailure of 3 dam monoliths to perform the dam breakb study.
Therefore, failure of three (3) dam monoliths seems reasonable.
In summary, for the dam breakk analysis, the failure of three (3) dam monolithsths, with height of 140 m, sliding along the dam-fou-foundation contact, can be considered.
Progress Report– November 2020 7 ELC Electroconsuconsult S.p.A Tanahu Hydropowdropower Limited
2. FAILURE MODES
2.1. General remarks
The definition of possible failureure mechanisms for Tanahu gravity dam is the prelimliminary aspect that has to be taken into accountt ffor the evaluation of the outflow flood wave in the downstream valley caused by the hypotheticall ccollapse of the structure.
Thresholds are necessary to establablish the different alert/alarm levels during the operationop of the dam in case of:
- Emergency situatiuations: conditions of a serious nature, developingng suddenly and unexpectedly, thathat will endanger the structural integrity of the dam or endanger downstream peoplople and property and requiring immediate attention.on. - Unusual occurrenences: events which take place or conditions whichhich develop that are normally encountncountered in the routine operation of the dam andnd reservoir and that may endangenger the dam or necessitates either a temporaryy or permanent revision of the opeoperating procedures. In the following, the sliding failureure analysis of the non-overflow cross section of the dam adopted in the Upgraded FS (see Figure 0-4-4) is described.
Figure 0-4: Non-ov-overflow cross section of the dam from Upgraded FS.
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Figure 0-5:: DDam profile from upstream from Upgraded FS.
2.2. Failure mechanisms andd sstability analysis
Failure of a concrete gravity damm can be categorized into three different failure modes:m sliding, overturning, and crushing failureure of the foundation or concrete. These two latterr failuref modes, “overturning” and “crushing of the foundation or concrete”, can be merged intoo a single failure mode known as “limit turning”” (Fis(Fishman, 2009).
On the basis of well-known case hihistories, Ghanaat (2004) identified the sliding alonglong the base of the dam as the most prevailingng mmode of failure for gravity dams. For this failureilure mode, the interface between the rock foundaoundation and the base of the concrete retainingng structures is considered as a weakened surfacee aalong which sliding takes place (Fishman, 2009).).
Taking into account all the abovebove and the characteristics of the dam to be analyzeyzed, the failure mechanism considered in the calcullculations below is the sliding along the dam-rock contact.cont
Error! Reference source notot foufound. shows the loads that normally are consionsidered for the analysis of the stability of a dam.m. The loads that the dam must withstand are (WWestberg 2010, USACE 1995):
• head water; • uplift pressure; • ice pressure; • earth pressures;
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• temperature loads; • earthquake ground motionsons; • sediment loads. In the following, head water, uplifplift pressure, earthquake motions and sediments loadsloa have been considered in the present study.
Also, the resistance parameters defdefined by Westberg (2010) for the gravity dams arere:
• self-weight; • shear strength; • compressive and tensile strestrength of concrete and rock.
Figurure 0-6: Forces acting on a gravity dam.
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3. NUMBER OF FAILINING MONOLITHS. HISTORICAL FAILUILURES
3.1. Short synthesis of dam faifailure case histories
In the present chapter the results of a bibliographic investigation on historic incidentdents on different dam typologies are summarised.d. TThe main information sources on incidents experierienced by dams in the world are:
• ICOLD (International ComCommission on Large Dams), Lessons from dam incidents,inc Paris 1974
• ICOLD, Bulletin n.°99 – Dam failures. Statistical analysis, Paris, 1995
• Goubet, Risques associés aux barrages, La Huile Blanche n.°8, 1979
• F. A. Johnson and P. IlleIlles, A classification of dam failures, Water Power Po & Dam Construction, 1976
• G. Benoist and G. Nicollet,t, Rupture progressive des barrages en terre, Proc.oc. of 20th IAHR Congress, Moscow, 1983
• T. C. MacDonald and J. LangrLangridge-Monopolis, Breaching characteristics of dam failures, Journal of Hydraulic Divisiision, ASCE, Vol. 110, 1984.
Briefly, the main results of the invnvestigation are here below synthesised:
Number of incidents Failures Accidents Total In modern timee pprior to 1830 1 1 1830 - 99 37 19 56 1900 - 09 15 8 23 1910 - 19 25 21 46 1920 - 29 33 37 70 1930 - 39 15 39 54 1940 - 49 11 34 45 1950 - 59 30 40 70 1960 - 65 25 64 89 No informationn 10 2 12 Total 202 264 466
Table 0-1: Number of incideidents along time (ICOLD, Lessons from dam incidents, 1974).197
a) ICOLD has examined datdata relevant to incidents1related to more than 400 dams (which height was above 5 metresres); in fact, on 466 investigated cases (failures andnd accidents), 66
1 On the basis of their severity, incidenincidents are defined “Failure 1” – a major failure involvingng the complete abandonment of the dam – and “FailurFailure 2” – a failure which at the time may have been severere, but yet has permitted the extent of damage to be successfully repaired and the dam again brought into use. Incidents defined “Accidents” are those of minor importance. Progress Report– November 2020 11 ELC Electroconsuconsult S.p.A Tanahu Hydropowdropower Limited
correspond to gravity damsms, 21 to arch dams and 16 to Buttress dams, as per Table 0-1 and Table 0-2. b) 38.5% of failures have ttaken place at the first filling, 37.5% have been bee caused by overtopping for insufficienciency of the outlets mainly during natural floods,, 24%24 occurred during the operation of thehe dam. Number of incidents Incidents ArchButtress Bu Gravity Earth Rockfill Miscellaneous Total Failures 7 7 40 122 13 13 202 Accidents 14 9 26 200 14 1 264 Total 21 16 66 322 27 14 466
Table 0-2: Number of incidents fofor different dam types (ICOLD, Lessons from dam incidenents, 1974).
3.2. Assessment of number of failing monoliths based on historical failureses
Regarding the failure of more thathan one monolith, some cases in gravity dams anda associated breach widths have been documentented in literature and summarized in Figure 0-7 whihich plots dam breach width ( ) against dam crerest length ( ) as a function of dam type, for the 24 historichi dam failure cases where these two pararameters were available. Of the 24 cases shown,n, 8 correspond to concrete gravity dams (black circlercles). Dotted lines show the ratios between breachh widthw and dam crest length in %.
Dams with shorter crest lengths,, leless than 100 m, seemed prone to massive failuresures, as shown by the 2 reported failures of 100% of dam length, equal to 2 to 4 monoliths. Two failureilures have been reported in dams with crest lengthsngths between 100 and 200 m, with breach widthshs between 30% and 50% of dam crest length, correcorresponding to failure of 1 to 4 monoliths. Twoo failures have been reported in dams with cresrest lengths between 200 and 400 meters, withh breachbre widths between 16% and 45% of dam ccrest length, corresponding to 2 to 9 monolithsths. One failure corresponds to dam crest lengthh bebetween 400 and 800 m, with a breach width of 26% of crest length, corresponding to failureure of 10 monoliths. In the realm of very long dams, dam with crest lengths higher than 800 m, onlyy one case is shown in Figure 0-7, which had a failailure of only a single monolith, with a dam breachach of 20 m and a ratio breach width to dam crest lengthleng of 2%.
Considering all the above, andd taking into account the dam profile, and thehe failure mode considered, a dam breach with a wwidth corresponding to 3 monoliths could be adoptedopted.
This will correspond with a dam brebreach width (BF) of 45 m, for dam crest lengthh (BD) of 170 m, thus with a BF/BD ratio of 26%.
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Figure 0-7: Typical Ratio of dam bbreach width ( ) to dam crest length ( ) for gravity damda failures.
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4. NUMBER OF FAILINING MONOLITHS: PROBABILITY APPPROACH
4.1. Methodological approachoach
All stability analyses are basedd on the assumption that the resistance or capacpacity, R of the structural component under consideonsideration should be equal to or greater than the appliedappl load, S (Johansson, 2005). The criterionon is given by the following equation:
≥ According to USACE (1981), thehe assessment of the stability of a gravity dam shoulhould be carried out taking into account some importmportant aspects that include the behaviour of thehe structure, the mechanism of transferring loadsds tto the foundation, the reaction of the foundationon tot those loads and effects of foundation behaviouriour on the structure. Generally, in stability analysisis the following methods are adopted to evaluate the failure conditions of a gravity dam:
• sliding resistance method:hod: this method calculates a coefficient of frictionn µ,µ by dividing the sum of forces parallellel to the sliding plane by the sum of effectedd verticalv forces normal to the sliding planene. The coefficient calculated in this way shouldd be smaller than
an allowable coefficient of friction µ all (USACE, 1981); • limit equilibrium method:hod: this is one of the most adopted methods usedd to evaluate the factor of safety when a dadam-foundation system is analysed as a rigid body,bod allowed to slide along its base (RuggeRuggeri G, 2004). According to Ruggeri, sliding safetyety is evaluated by assessing the balance offoffered by the resisting forces against the loads alonlong the sliding surface. This means thathat sliding safety can be defined as the ratio betwtween available resisting shear strengthh and the shear strength or horizontal load requirered to maintain equilibrium (Johansson,on, 20052005). • limit state analysis method:hod: if a structure or a part of that structure failsils to fulfil the function it is designed foror, then the function corresponding to the structureure is said to be beyond the limit state (Beseser, 2005). In the following, the latter has been sselected as the most suitable method for the presentpres case.
In the framework of the limit stattate analysis method, the definition of a functionon tot identify the failure is a key aspect. Figure 0-8-8 shows the representation of a limit state functunction by Beser (2005).
If the random variables are ,,…. , then the boundary between the safe and unsafeuns region is described as ()= ( , ,…, )=0 as shown in Figure 0-8 and this functionion is called the limit state surface or failure surfaurface because it separates the safe and unsafe regigion (Dolinski, 1982). In the present study the limmit state surface is as follows:
= − so, the probability of failure cann be expressed as (Melchers 1999):
= [ – ≤ 0]
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where R and S are the basic variabriables, which may be random, described by a probabilityproba density function, or deterministic.
Figure 0-8: Reprepresentation of a limit state function (Beser, 2005). All essential sources of uncertaintinties can be integrated into the basic variables. Thehe probability of failure can now be expressed, accordcording to Bjerager (1989), as:
= [ ≤ 0] = () where () is the probabilityy density function of the random variable. TheT graphical representation of such integral is reported in Figure 0-9. In general, the equationon above can be solved with three different methodshods (Melchers 1999):
• Closed-form direct integraration which is possible only in some very simple cases.ca • Numerical integration, sucuch as the Monte Carlo technique. • transformation of indepenendent random variables into a multi-normal jointoint function and solve the integral analyticaically. In the following, the “crude” Monte Carlo technique has been adopted to solve the integralint above. In fact, the integral above can be rerewritten as:
= () = ()() where is an indicator function:on: its value is equal to 1 if the function is not greatergrea than 0, its value is equal to 0 if the functionn is strictly positive (Ang and Tang WH 2006, MelchersMe 1999). Considering all the above, ann unbiaunbiased estimator for is:
∑ ( ) = =
With the “crude” Monte Carlorlo technitechnique, several attempts are carried out to calculculate the ratio between the number of failures to tthe total number of attempts in fact, the numberr of Monte Carlo Progress Report– November 2020 15 ELC Electroconsuconsult S.p.A Tanahu Hydropowdropower Limited
simulations to be performed shoulshould be large enough to capture the searchedhed probability. Assuming a Poisson distribution,on, the probability to capture one or more failuress with N trials,
, , if the searched probability is is given by following equation:
, = 1 − It is clear that a higher lead too a hhigher probability to capture at least one failure and hence,h to compute the with a good accuraracy.
Figure 0-0-9: Representation of the integral equation.
4.2. Mathematical model forr ssliding used in the Upgraded Feasibility Studydy
In the Upgraded FS, the basic secection shape of dam has been obtained based on the gravity type dam stability conditions as followsws:
1. the shearing safety factoror sshould be not less than 4.0 against sliding; 2. the center of gravity shouldhould be within the middle third of the dam bottom lineine; 3. the compressive normall sstress at the rock-dam contact should be no morem than the uniaxial compressive strengrength and no tension stresses are allowed. The design load conditions takenn into account are reported in Table 0-3 and the loadsads included in each condition are identified in TabTable 0-4.
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Table 0-3: Cases cononsidered in the stability analyses for the Upgraded FS.
Table 0-4: LoadLoads considered in each case for the Upgraded FS.
Table 0-5: Loads forr ththe stability analyses for the Upgraded FS (earthquake)..
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Table 0-6: Loads fofor the stability analyses for the Upgraded FS (flood). It has to be highlighted that the thithird study condition, “Before Impounding”,, is not relevant for the present study and will not be consconsidered in the following.
The selected dam section has a Safafety Factor against sliding equal to 4.06 (see Tablele 0-7).
The input values for the stabilitlity analyses are reported in Table 0-5, Table 0-66, Table 0-8. In particular, it can be seen that thehe vvalues considered respectively for the cohesionon and the friction angle of the foundation rock are c = 2.9 MMPa and ϕ = 45°.
Table 0-7: Seleclected dam section and minimum SF against sliding.
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Table 0-8: Inputt vavalues for the stability analyses for the Upgraded FS.
4.3. Mathematical model forr ssliding used in the present study
The sliding failure of the dam has been carried out on the interface surface betweeeen the base of the dam and the foundation rockk with the Monte Carlo method applied to a limitit states analysis. The mathematical used in the prespresent study is similar to the one used in the Upgradiding Feasibility Study (UFS) with just one singlengle, but significant, difference, which is how thehe shears strength along the dam-foundation contactct has been modelled. While UFS uses a classical Mohr-CoulombM approach, in the present study thehe Barton-Bandis criterion has been adopted. Thehe mainm reason is that the Barton-Bandis approachch considers a non-linear variation of shear strength stre versus compressive normal stresses alongong the sliding surface, that describes more accuraurately the true dam foundation behavior.
In this way, the probability of slidiliding failure has been obtained for the highest monolonolith (height =140 m, width = 15 m) with the folfollowing main assumptions:
• design load combinations:ons: eearthquake with PGA = 0.15g, PMF flood.
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• equilibrium of the dam pprovided by normal ( ) and shear ( ) stresses alonga the base surface; • Barton-Bandis criterion (1983, 19901990) along the base surface. The Monte Carlo simulation has bebeen carried out considering the following hypothesheses:
• the failure mode considereered is the sliding along the rock-dam foundationon contactc surface (base surface) that is a planelane surface with a certain roughness;
• under the loads considereered for each study condition (see Table 0-4), thehe base surface remains plane and the rougroughness is not altered by the sliding; • under the external loads,, the equilibrium of the dam is provided by normalal ( ) and shear
( ) stresses along the basese surface. The former is limited by the compressivive ( , ) and tensile ( , ) strengthshs of the rock and the latter is limited by the frictionion angle ( ) of the rock-concrete contactt wwhich, in turn, is also function of , and thereherefore strongly dependent on the rock strestrength.. In particular, the normal stress vs strainin diagrams ( , positive for elongation) can be summarized as follow: , < () = , 0, ≥ , , > () = , , , ≤ ,
where and are the YounYoung s moduli of the rock, , and , are,re, respectively, the maximum tensile and mminimum compressive strain of the rock. Thehe Young sYoung moduli are calculated as:
= , , = , , The maximum strengths of the rock are obtained by the friction angle andnd the cohesion from the following equationstions, strictly valid in unconfined conditions andnd consideringcon the Mohr-Coulomb yielding surfsurface:
, = − 2
, = 2
It s clear from the equation above that the compressive strength increasncreases with the increase of the cohesionon and tthe friction angle while the tensile strength increncreases with the increase of the cohesionon anand the decrease of the friction angle.
The shear strength of ththe base surface has been calculated with the Barton-BandisBa criterion (1983, 1990):
− , = − tan , + log = − tann ,
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where , is the basic ffriction angle of the rock-concrete contact, is the joint
roughness coefficient (seee Figure 0-10) and , is the mobilized secant frictionfri angle at the base surface. The adhedhesion between rock and concrete has been neglectcted because of the difficulty to assess a rereliable value so, when the normal stress is positivee (traction), the shear strength is zero.
4.4. Uncertainty in variabless anand parameters
The variables handled as random vvariables are the cohesion and the friction angle of the rock, the basic friction angle at the rock-damdam foundation contact and JRC (Joint Roughness Coefficient).Coe
In the table below, the values consonsidered for the parameters of adopted model arere reported.r Such values have been selected on the bbase of the available studies documented in the Upgpgraded FS.
Parameter Type, distribution Symbol Value Rock cohesion random, uniform 2÷3 MPa
Rock friction angle random, uniform 25°÷35°
Rock max tensile straitrain deterministic , 0.15%
Rock max compressivive strain deterministic , -1.50%
Base Surface angle random, uniform , 30°÷35°
Joint Roughness Coeffefficient random, log-log- 0÷20 normal
Table 0-9: Valuess aadopted in the MC analysis for the model parameters. The variables handled as random vvariables are the cohesion and the friction angle of the rock, the basic friction angle at the rock-da-dam foundation contact and JRC coefficient. Since Si no direct information from laboratory testests regarding the variability of the strength parameters pa are available, a uniform distributionon hahas been adopted for most of these variables.. WithW regard to JRC, the log-normal distribution,n, which is characterized by only positive numbers numbe has been chosen. Such parameter has to be assessed by a visual inspection of the rock andnd thus,t the mean and the standard deviation of a loglog-normal distribution could be obtained from a largela sample in an easier way than the strength paraparameters. Moreover, at this stage, varying the parameterspara of the JRC distribution can be usefulul to set some preliminary recommendation on thet minimum roughness to be achieved at the babase surface. In particular, for JRC, the distributionsions depicted in Figure 0-11 have been consideredd iin the MC analyses. These distributions are wellll suiteds for JRC which can range only between 0 aand 20; in fact, the minimum probability for JRCRC tot be not more than 20 is 96.8%. In principle,e, this value should be always 100% but, in this thi phase, this approximation can be consideredd nneglectable.
In the model considered, the basbase surface has been divided in 150 stretches and the random variables have been varied withouthout any correlations between the stretches.
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Figure 0-10: Roughness profilfiles and corresponding JRC values (Barton and Choubey, 1977).
JRC cumulative distribution log-normal 1.00E+00 average = 14 standard deviation = 2 9.00E-01 average = 15 standard deviation = 3 8.00E-01 average = 16 standard deviation = 4
7.00E-01
6.00E-01
5.00E-01
Probability 4.00E-01
3.00E-01
2.00E-01
1.00E-01
0.00E+00 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 JRC
Figure 0-11: Log-N-Normal cumulative distributions considered for JRC.
It has to be highlighted that all thehe random variables in Table 0-9 are independent.. RegardingR this assumption between the random vvariables, it should be noticed that cohesion andnd friction angle present potential negative correlarrelation due to the linear approximation of the curvedc failure envelope to Mohr circles. This nenegative correlation can be assessed by means of laboratoryla tests with normal stresses varying on a relatively wide range. However, the normal stressss acting on the concrete-rock interface of a dam vvaries on a much narrower range, depending on the geometry of the dam, so this potential correlationation is less evident (Krounis A, Johansson F., 2011).2011) It should be
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also considered that a differentnt rock quality may be present along the contactct, thus adding variability to friction angle and coheohesion correlation.
The impact of such correlation on probability of failure has been studied in (Altarearejos L., 2009) and the results show that negativeve correlation decreases the probability of failure,, asa sampling of low values of one parameter is accaccompanied by an increased probability of samplinpling high values of the other, which somehow compempensates for the strength reduction. The probabilitlity of sampling at the same time two low values for both variables is less if they are negatively correorrelated than if they are assumed to be independentent. From this point of view, assuming that cohesionsion and friction angle are not correlated is somehowhow a conservative approach.
4.5. Monte Carlo simulationss
On the base of the data (geometry,ry, loads, geomechanical characterization of the rock)roc reported in the Upgraded FS, the MC analyseses have been carried out considering the model describedde in the Section 4.3.
Regarding the uplift, to be on thehe ssafe side, considering the return period of the eartarthquake (SEE, 10000 years) and of the flood (PMPMF, 90000 years), the drainage has been consideredered completely ineffective.
Figure 0-12: Normalal strain and stress along the base surface for flood case.
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Figure 0-13: Normal stratrain and stress along the base surface for earthquake casese. In each probabilistic analysis, foror JRC, a range of variability with a width equal to 4 (0÷4, 4÷8, 8÷12, 12÷16, 16÷20) has been consonsidered so, to cope with the whole range of variariability for JRC (see Table 0-9), for each case studyudy (Earthquake, Flood), five MC analysis with a samplesa of 1000 trials has been carried out.
In Figure 0-12 and in Figure 0-1313ErError! Reference source not found. are depicted,ted, respectively for the flood case and for the earthqurthquake case, the normal strain ( ) (red straight lineine), the normal stress ( ) (red sawtooth-wise lineine), the uplift diagram (blue line) and the neutralral axis position (blue point). The sawtooth-wise didiagrams depend on the variability of the maximuum tensile and compressive strengths of the rockrock. By a comparison of the results coming from the considered study conditions it s clear thathat the earthquake is the most severe in terms of stresresses needed to guarantee the equilibrium.
Load Combineined Study Condition µ σ P JRCC JRC f Probability Probabilitbility 144 2 7.0% 1.0 10-4 7.0 100-6 Earthquake 155 3 3.0% 1.0 10-4 3.0 100-6 (0.15g) 166 4 1.3% 1.0 10-4 1.3 100-6
144 2 negligible 1.0 10-5 negligiblible
Flood (PMF) 155 3 negligible 1.0 10-5 negligiblible
166 4 negligible 1.0 10-5 negligiblible
-7 µJRC = JRC mean, σJRC = standandard deviation, Pf = probability of failure, negligible means ≤ 10 Table 0-10: Probabilityility of failure of one monolith obtained by MC analyses.
In Table 0-10, the results in termsrms of conditional probability of failure are reported.ported. It s clear, as expected, that the earthquake condiondition is the most demanding condition in terms of JRC. In fact, while the probability of failure inn tthe case of earthquake ranges from 1.3% to 7.0%,, in the case of flood, with the same values for the distribution parameters, the probability of failureure is negligible (< 10-7). These results reflect thehe didifferences already pointed out on the normal stresress distribution along the base surface between thehe two studied conditions.
4.6. Probability of failure off mmore than one single monolith
In the previous sections, probabilbility of failure of one (1) single monolith has been be addressed. However, it has to be highlightedd tthat, considering the failure of each monolith indendependent from the failure of other monoliths, thehe proprobability of the failure of monoliths is:
, = where is the probability associassociated to the failure of the highest monolith.h. It s clearc that the probability of failure decreases drdrastically as increases. Moreover, it should be noted that the
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probability of failure of the monolonoliths with lower heigh is lower than so, , is the upper bound of the actual probability off ffailure of monoliths.
The following table summarizes the probability associated with the failure of differeerent number of monoliths.
EaEarthquake failure Probability Flood failurailure probability Peak No. of PGA 00.15g Load Combined PMF LoadL Combined discharge Q Monoliths P (maxx P ) Probability Probability (max P ) Prorobability Probability (m3/s) f,n f,n 1 35,086 7.00 110-02 1.00 10-04 7.00 10-06 1.00 10-07 1.001.0 10-05 1.00 10-12 2 59,007 4.90 110-03 1.00 10-04 4.90 10-07 1.00 10-14 1.001.0 10-05 1.00 10-19 3 79,978 3.43 110-04 1.00 10-04 3.43 10-08 1.00 10-21 1.001.0 10-05 1.00 10-26
The results show that total (combinebined) probability of failure are:
Earthquake (SEE, 0.15g PGA, withith 10-4 annual exceedance probability)
• 1 Monolith: order of magngnitude of 10-5 (per year)
• 2 Monoliths: order of magniagnitude of 10-7 (per year)
• 3 Monoliths: order of magagnitude of 10-8 (per year), equivalent to a returnurn period of 100 million years.
In the case of flood, the probabilitylity is always negligible in the engineering context.t.
4.7. Conclusions
The conclusions of the study thathat is being performed show that the likely failure modem is sliding along the dam-foundation contact.ct. Selection of failure of a numberr oof three (3) dam monoliths of 140 m height each,ch, for the dam break study seems reasonable duee tto the following reasons: • It is consistent with the dadam profile. Failure of more than 3 monoliths wouldw involve failure of dam blocks withth llower height, and thus with intrinsic higher safetyty factors. • It follows common engineneering practice, that typically considers failure of 2-32 monoliths in the case of gravity damsms. • It is consistent and withinhin the boundaries of the observed historical failureures of concrete gravity dams. • It is supported by the probaprobabilistic analysis performed, as failure of more than 3 monoliths seems to be assassociated with very low annual exceedance probabilities,proba lower than 10-7 or even 10-8, whhich in turn represent return periods between 10 tot 100 million years, which lay beyondyond the boundaries of common engineeriering practice.
Progress Report– November 2020 25 ELC Electroconsuconsult S.p.A Annex 11: Forest and WatershedManagement Activities Report
The activities in the semester July - December 2020 related to the implementation of forest and vegetation monitoring activities in the field were strongly impacted due to the emergency related to the spread of COVID-19. The imposed lockdown did not allow the international and national experts to complete the planned field surveys. Nonetheless, the team of experts had the possibility to work for a clearer and more robust definition on the methodology to adopt for the future monitoring activities, as well as on defining methodological and reproducible standards for the field activities, starting in January 2021. Furthermore, monitoring activities have been performed on the site and in collaboration with the Division Forest Office. These activities can be summarised in these points:
1) Implementation and analysis of cartographic data; 2) Establishment of a remote sensing-based monitoring system; 3) Definition of the standard protocol for vegetation sampling; 4) Monitoring of the seedling production; 5) Status of Plantation activities; 6) Survey on the Transmission line; 7) Status of compensation for forest land; 8) Budget Status.
1. Implementation and analysis of cartographic data GIS can be used most effectively for environmental data analysis and planning. It allows better viewing and understanding physical features and the relationships that influence in a given critical environmental condition. Factors, such as steepness of slopes, aspects, and vegetation, can be viewed and overlaid to determine various environmental parameters and impact analysis. In order to plan project activities and monitor the environmental changes related, the assessment of hazards and risks becomes the foundation for planning decisions and for mitigation activities. GIS data and analyses here proposed are thought to supports activities in the environmental assessment process, providing baseline data to drive field surveys, as well as establish the methodological framework to define monitoring tools and mitigation proposal and, nonetheless, can also be used for generating environmental models.
During the period September-December 2020, the following layers has been acquired/derived and will serve as basis for the development of field sampling activities and other environmental analyses, as well as for the watershed management activities. Other cartographic sources (included the land use and forest classification maps) have been acquired or are under development (habitat map), and these will be provided to the database experts in order to be available on the WebGis (once it will be finalized).
Table 1: List of cartographic maps downloaded or derived from GIS analyses and used for the environmental surveys (definition of vegetation sampling protocol).
Layer Name Description Resolution Reference System Source 1) Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Raster File, 1 Band, DN = ~30 m WGS84/UTM 45N Aster Nasa Elevation (EPGS: 32645) (GDEM) V.3 2) Slope Raster File, 1 Band, DN = ~30 m WGS84/UTM 45N DTM Derived slope in degrees (EPGS: 32645) 3) Aspect Raster File, 1 Band, DN = ~30 m WGS84/UTM 45N DTM Derived aspect in azimuthal (EPGS: 32645) degrees 4) Flow accumulation Raster File, 1 Band, DN = 28m WGS84/UTM 45N DTM Derived FA Index (EPGS: 32645) Note: DN = Digital Number
1 1) DTM (Figure 1): Digital description of the terrain surface using a set of heights over 2D points residing on a reference surface. DTM was downloaded from the ASTER v.03 (https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/astgtmv003/). The ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) Version 3 (ASTGTM) provides a global digital elevation model (DEM) of land areas on Earth at a spatial resolution of 1 arc second (approximately 30 meter horizontal posting at the equator). The ASTER GDEM Version 3 data product was created from the automated processing of the entire ASTER Level 1A archive of scenes acquired between March 1, 2000, and November 30, 2013. Stereo correlation was used to produce over one million individual scene based ASTER DEMs, to which cloud masking was applied. All cloud screened DEMs and non-cloud screened DEMs were stacked. In areas with limited data stacking, several existing reference DEMs were used to supplement ASTER data to correct for residual anomalies. Selected data were averaged to create final pixel values before partitioning the data into 1° by 1° tiles with a one pixel overlap. Provided in the ASTER GDEM product are layers for DEM and number of scenes (NUM). The NUM layer indicates the number of scenes that were processed for each pixel and the source of the data.
Figure 1: 3D representation of the Digital Terrain Model for the project area. 2) Slope (Figure 2): a slope map was generated from the GDAL-supported DTM. Slope was calculated as the angle of inclination to the horizontal using the GDAL-Qgis 3.14 Module. As option, the Horn s formula was used, instead of the Zevenbergen & Thorne algorithm, since the Horn s formula perform better on rougher terrain.
2 Figure 2: Slope Map of the project area. Slope classes are reported in degrees. 3) Aspect (Figure 3): a raster aspect map with values between 0° and 360° representing the azimuth that slopes are facing. The definition of the azimuth can be interpreted as follows: 0° means that the slope is facing the North, 90° for the East, 180° for the South and 270° for the West. The aspect value -9999 is used to codify undefined aspect in flat areas with slope=0. As for the slope map, the Horn s formula was used, instead of the Zevenbergen & Thorne algorithm.
Figure 3: Aspect Map of the project area. Aspect is calculated as azimuthal angles (0° = North, 90° = East, 180° = South, 270° = West) 4) Flow accumulation for the definition of basins and watershed in the study area(Figure 4): a basin is defined as a topographic region in which all water drains to a common area. Identifying basins within the study area can be beneficial for land and
3 water management because priority areas can be defined and the hydrology of the area can be visualized. Delimiting a basin can be done, under the GIS environment, using the DTM since the drainage network is determined by the elevation and slope of the terrain. The calculation of flow accumulation, along with the definition of channel network and the basin limits, represents a powerful way to define watershed as well as sub-basin areas for the study area. For the definition of the flow accumulation (also defined as catchment area) the Flow accumulation (Top-down) module under the SAGA-GIS environment have been used. Top-down processing of cells for calculation of flow accumulation have been performed by processing the available DEM downwards from the highest to the lowest cell.
Figure 4: Flow accumulation (catchment area) defined as the water drains to a common area (DTM derived).
2. Establishment of Monitoring system by remote sensing analysis and Vegetation Indices Remote sensed information of growth, vigor, and their dynamics from terrestrial vegetation can provide extremely useful insights for applications in environmental monitoring, biodiversity conservation, agriculture, forestry, urban green infrastructures, and other related fields. For instance, these types of information applied to agriculture provide not only an objective basis (depending on resolution) for the macro- and micromanagement of agricultural production but also in many occasions the necessary information for yield estimation of crops. Similarly, mapping forest–agriculture mosaics is essential for understanding effects of land cover changes on economic (e.g., agricultural and silvicultural production, timber extraction, ecotourism) and non-market ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration, water quality, stream flow, species conservation). Landscape management can be considered a complex process that requires characterizing the landscape composition and structure suitable for the target species. Habitat selection and resistance models are widely used as a decision support tool, since they can apply to multiple groups of species (e.g., insects, birds, herpetofauna, mammals, plants). Landscape maps are
4 essential for developing these models, and most environmental features used in the models are derived from remote sensing imagery. Remotely sensed imagery is a common tool for straightforward land cover classification. The main difficulty is that the land cover classes in forest–agriculture mosaics are distributed along a landscape gradient, which results in misclassification. Images with high and very high spatial resolutions provide greater spatial detail and precise information. However, the low temporal resolution of such data does not enable monitoring vegetation dynamics to better discriminate land cover classes that are spectrally similar. In contrast, satellite time series provide great opportunities for this purpose. The recent SAR Sentinel-1 (S-1) and optical Sentinel-2 (S-2) time series provide a great opportunity to monitor forest–agriculture mosaics due to their high spatial and temporal resolutions, with a five-day revisit time and decametric resolution. They are freely available under an open license, unlike most SAR data (e.g., TerraSAR-X, ALOS2, RADARSAT-2, COSMO-Sky Med) and optical data (e.g., SPOT, Quickbird, WorldView, Geo-Eye, Ikonos). Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of S-2 data for mapping 6–12 land cover classes from a single-date image.
2.1. Characteristics of Sentinel-2 Mission and their MultiSpectral Intruments (MSI) for image acquisition The Sentinel fleet of satellites is designed to deliver land remote sensing data that are central to the European Commission s Copernicus program. The Sentinel-2 mission consists of two satellites developed to support vegetation, land cover, and environmental monitoring. The Sentinel-2A satellite was launched by ESA on June 23, 2015, and operates in a sun- synchronous orbit with a 10-day repeat cycle. A second identical satellite (Sentinel-2B) was launched March 7, 2017 and is operational with data acquisitions available on EarthExplorer. Together they cover all Earth s land surfaces, large islands, and inland and coastal waters every five days. The Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) acquires 13 spectral bands ranging from Visible and Near-Infrared (VNIR) to Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) wavelengths along a 290-km orbital swath. Spectral Bands and Resolution The MSI measures reflected radiance through the atmosphere within 13 spectral bands. The spatial resolution is dependent on the particular spectral band (Table 2): − 4 bands at 10 meter: blue (490 nm), green (560 nm), red (665 nm), and near-infrared (842 nm). − 6 bands at 20 meter: 4 narrow bands for vegetation characterization (705 nm, 740 nm, 783 nm, and 865 nm) and 2 larger SWIR bands (1,610 nm and 2,190 nm) for applications such as snow/ice/cloud detection or vegetation moisture stress assessment. − 3 bands at 60 meter: mainly for cloud screening and atmospheric corrections (443 nm for aerosols, 945 nm for water vapor, and 1375 nm for cirrus detection). Table 2: Sentinel-2 Radiometric and Spatial Resolutions Band Number Central Wavelength (nm) Bandwidth (nm) Spatial Resolution (m) 1 443 20 60 2 490 65 10 3 560 35 10 4 665 30 10 5 705 15 20 6 740 15 20 7 783 20 20 8 842 115 10 8a 865 20 20 9 945 20 60 10 1375 30 60 11 1610 90 20 12 2190 180 20
5 TCI RGB Composite 10 2.2. Retrieving and pre-processing Sentinel-2 Data for the project area
ESA manages the Copernicus Open Acces Hub to interactively search for available Sentinel images and download them; access to data is free, upon registration. S2 data are provided by ESA as ZIP-compressed archives in SAFE format (Standard Archive Format for Europe). Each archive contains surface reflectance data stored as JPEG2000 multispectral rasters, corresponding to specific 110x110 km tiles of the Sentinel-2 tiling grid. For the Tanahu District, the tiles included in the shapefile of the land use 2016 (used as reference for remote sensing data collection although its extent overcomes the project area, Figure 5) are two, identified by the codes 45RTL and 45RTM (Figure 6). To search for a multitemporal series of images, the SEN2R (Ranghetti et al. 2020) package, under the R statistical environment, was used: the package allows to configure and manage processing chains for creating time series of different raster products derivable from S2 data (surface reflectances, scene classification maps, RGB and SIs images) over a user-specified Area Of Interest (AOI) and time window, and exporting them in file format useful under the GIS environment.
Figure 5: Extent of the shape file used to select Sentinel-2 images.
6 Figure 6: By over-imposing the Tanahu District land use map to the Sentinel-2 tiling grid, two tiles are selected (corresponding to two Sentinel-2 images of 110x110 km each)
Among the available products for the project area, the followings have been downloaded and processed, for the period ranging from January 2020 to December 2020 (for 2019, images are not directly available for download but shall be requested. The request has been send to ESA and, once available, year 2019 will be implemented in the monitoring system): Phase 1: image selection and download. L2A data, containing Bottom of Atmosphere (BOA) reflectance for 11 bands (band 10 is absent in L2A products) were derived by applying an atmospheric correction algorithm (Sen2Cor) to compute BOA reflectance from Sentinel-2 level 1C products to Top of Atmosphere images (Figure 7). L2A datasets contain a Scene Classification Map (SCL) raster layer computed by Sen2Cor as a side-product. The SCL subdivides the image in 12 classes: “no data”, “saturated or defective”, “dark area pixels”, “cloud shadows”, “vegetation”, “not vegetated”, “water”, “unclassified and cloud low probability”, “cloud medium probability”, “cloud high probability”, “thin cirrus” and “snow”. Phase 2: Masking clouds and shadows. A cloud mask based on the SCL layer was applied to the produced BOA images. High probability and average cloud probability SCL classes have been selected, along with the dark area pixels. A threshold of 70% as the maximum cloud coverage was selected: if cloud coverage for a given date is higher than this threshold, outputs for that date have not been downloaded. Geoprocessing manipulations on the mask layer (smoothing and buffering cloud borders) was then applied: this step allows reducing “salt-and-pepper effects” (i.e. isolated cloudy/non-cloudy pixels within non-cloudy/cloudy areas), and removing low-quality pixels on cloud borders. Phase 3: Defining pixel resolution. During image preprocessing, images belonging to adjacent tiles of the same frame needed to cover the whole AOI and acquired in the same date are merged. As an output pixel resolution for the BOT merged product, 10m was selected: this means that bands with lower resolution (20m and 60m) are automatically resampled to 10 m. Bands 8 (690–970 nm) is used conditionally when the output resolution is lower than 20 m. A bilinear resampling algorithm was chosen to perform the process.
Based on the above defined criteria and preprocessing options, the complete list of available images is reported in Table 3: Table 3: Sentinel-2 Level 2A and B products. A common Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 reference wording of the images acquisition period is also shown. Date Product Month 26_01_2020 S2A2A_20200126_119__BOA_10 January 31_01_2020 S2B2A_20200131_119__BOA_10 January 05_02_2020 S2A2A_20200205_119__BOA_10 February 10_02_2020 S2B2A_20200210_119__BOA_10 February 06_03_2020 S2A2A_20200306_119__BOA_10 March 11_03_2020 S2B2A_20200311_119__BOA_10 March 16_03_2020 S2A2A_20200316_119__BOA_10 March 21_03_2020 S2B2A_20200321_119__BOA_10 March 26_03_2020 S2A2A_20200326_119__BOA_10 March 05_04_2020 S2A2A_20200405_119__BOA_10 April 10_04_2020 S2B2A_20200410_119__BOA_10 April 15_04_2020 S2A2A_20200415_119__BOA_10 April 20_04_2020 S2B2A_20200420_119__BOA_10 April 25_04_2020 S2A2A_20200425_119__BOA_10 April 15_05_2020 S2A2A_20200515_119__BOA_10 May 25_05_2020 S2A2A_20200525_119__BOA_10 May 09_06_2020 S2B2A_20200609_119__BOA_10 June
7 24_06_2020 S2A2A_20200624_119__BOA_10 June 23_08_2020 S2A2A_20200823_119__BOA_10 August 28_08_2020 S2B2A_20200828_119__BOA_10 August 02_09_2020 S2A2A_20200902_119__BOA_10 September 12_09_2020 S2A2A_20200912_119__BOA_10 September 27_09_2020 S2B2A_20200927_119__BOA_10 September 02_10_2020 S2A2A_20201002_119__BOA_10 October 07_10_2020 S2B2A_20201007_119__BOA_10 October 12_10_2020 S2A2A_20201012_119__BOA_10 October 17_10_2020 S2B2A_20201017_119__BOA_10 October 22_10_2020 S2A2A_20201022_119__BOA_10 October 27_10_2020 S2B2A_20201027_119__BOA_10 October 01_11_2020 S2A2A_20201101_119__BOA_10 November 06_11_2020 S2B2A_20201106_119__BOA_10 November 11_11_2020 S2A2A_20201111_119__BOA_10 November 21_11_2020 S2A2A_20201121_119__BOA_10 November 01_12_2020 S2A2A_20201201_119__BOA_10 December 06_12_2020 S2B2A_20201206_119__BOA_10 December 16_12_2020 S2B2A_20201216_119__BOA_10 December 21_12_2020 S2A2A_20201221_119__BOA_10 December
Figure 7: Example of BOT SentSentinel-2 for the dry (January-March) and wetperiod perio (June- September, no data are available for July due to cloud coverage)e)
2.3 Vegetation Indices calculatedculated from Sentinel-2 Images for the Tanahuu projectpro area
Remote sensing of vegetationion is mainly performed by obtaining the electromagnetectromagnetic wave reflectance information from canopicanopies using passive sensors. It is welll knownknow that the reflectance of light spectra fromrom plplants changes with plant type, water contentent withinwi tissues, and other intrinsic factorss (Xue & Su 2017). The reflectance from vegetation vegetat to the electromagnetic spectrum (spectrspectral reflectance or emission characteristicscs of vegetation)veget is determined by chemical and mormorphological characteristics of the surfaceace of organs or leaves. The main applicationsons for remote sensing of vegetation are basedd on the following light spectra: (i) the ultravioletolet regiregion (UV), which goes from 10 to 380 nm;m; (ii) the visible
8 spectra, which are composed of the blue (450–495 nm), green (495−570 nm), and red (620– 750 nm) wavelength regions; and (iii) the near and mid infrared band (850–1700 nm). The emissivity rate of the surface of leaves (equivalent to the absorptivity in the thermal waveband) of a fully grown green plant without any biotic or abiotic stress is generally in the range of 0.96–0.99 and is more often between 0.97 and 0.98 (Arkebauer 2005; Puletti et al. 2018). Vegetation emissivity in the near On the contrary, for dry plants, the emissivity rate generally has a larger range going from 0.88 to 0.94. Vegetation emissivity in the near and mid infrared regions has been widely studied within plant canopies. Indices extracted from this light-spectra range can be attributed to a range of characteristics beyond growth and vigor quantification of plants related to water content, pigments, sugar and carbohydrate content, protein content, and aromatics, among others. Different applications are dependent on the reflectivity peaks or overtones for specific compounds within the visible and near/mid infrared regions of light spectra. Plant reflectivity in the thermal infrared spectral range (8–14 m) follows the blackbody radiation law, which allows interpreting plant emission as directly related to plant temperature. Hence, indices obtained from this spectra range can be used as a proxy to assess stomata dynamics that regulates transpiration rate of plants. Therefore, the later indices can be used as indicator of plant water status and abiotic/biotic stress levels. In general, the construction of simple VI algorithm could many times render simple and effective tools to measure vegetation status on the surface of a given study area, especially considering that with the use of high-resolution spectral instrumentation, the number of bands obtained by remote sensing is increasing. Based on the time series of Sentinel-2 downloaded images (and tiled) for the Tanahu project area, the following set of Vegetation Indices has been calculated. These will serve to monitor the vegetation status, characteristics, structure, composition and phrenological variation in time, once compared with the future time series. Furthermore, some of these VI (such as the NDVI) will provide useful tools to determine the characteristics and distribution of habitats and forest types in the study area, providing an important preliminary information. All VI have been calculated with a pixel resolution of 10m, by using a bilinear interpolation algorithm to transform Sentinel-2 bands with a higher resolution (20m and 60m).
Calculated VI (Figure 8): 1) BNDVI: Normalized Difference NIR/Blue Blue Normalised difference vegetation index; 2) GNDVI: Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; 3) MSAVI2: Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index; 4) NDVI: Normalised Difference NIR/RED Normalised Vegetation Index; 5) NDWI: Normalised Difference Water Index; 6) NDWI2: Normalised Difference Water Index 2; 7) OSAVI: Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index; 8) SAVI: Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index.
9 Figure 8: Selection of the VI for the Tanahu project area (sen2r module) 2.4 NDVI index and derived metrics One of the most used and implemented indices calculated from multispectral information as normalized ratio between the red and near infrared bands is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A direct use of NDVI is to characterize canopy growth or vigor. It can be expressed as:
Since the index is calculated through a normalization procedure, the range of NDVI values is between 0 and 1, having a sensitive response to green vegetation even for low vegetation covered areas. This index is often used in research related to regional and global vegetation assessments and was shown to be related not only to canopy structure and LAI but also to canopy photosynthesis. However, NDVI is sensitive to the effects of soil brightness, soil color, atmosphere, cloud and cloud shadow, and leaf canopy shadow and requires remote sensing calibration.
2.5 Adjusted-Soil Vegetation Indices (SAVI index and its derived modification) As shown before, NDVI is very sensitive to back-ground factors, such as the brightness and shade of the vegetation canopies and soil background brightness. Given the effect of soil background, radiation increases significantly when the vegetation cover is sparse; conversely NIR radiation is reduced to make the relationship between vegetation and soil more sensible. Many VIs have been developed to adjust to the soil effect. The Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) is the most used and can be expressed as follows:
The above model of a soil vegetation system was established to improve the sensitivity of
10 NDVI to soil backgrounds, where is the soil conditioning index, which improves the sensitivity of NDVI to soil background. The range of is from 0 to 1. In practical applications, the values of are determined according to the specific environmental conditions. When the degree of vegetation coverage is high, is close to 1, showing that the soil background has no effect on the extraction of vegetation information. When is close to 0, the value of SAVI is equal to NDVI. However, factor should vary inversely with the amount of vegetation present to obtain the optimal adjustment for the soil effect. Thus, a modified SAVI (MSAVI) replaces factor in the SAVI equation with a variable function.
2.6. Normalised Difference Water Index and derived measures The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) is derived from the Near-Infrared (NIR) and Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) channels. The SWIR reflectance reflects changes in both the vegetation water content and the spongy mesophyll structure in vegetation canopies, while the NIR reflectance is affected by leaf internal structure and leaf dry matter content but not by water content. The combination of the NIR with the SWIR removes variations induced by leaf internal structure and leaf dry matter content, improving the accuracy in retrieving the vegetation water content. The amount of water available in the internal leaf structure largely controls the spectral reflectance in the SWIR interval of the electromagnetic spectrum. SWIR reflectance is therefore negatively related to leaf water content. Its usefulness for drought monitoring and early warning has been demonstrated in different studies (Ceccato et al. 2002). NDWI is computed combining the near infrared and the short wave infrared reflectance s as follows:
2.7 Composite Derived Images In displaying a colour composite image, three primary colours (red, green and blue) are used. When these three colours are combined in various proportions, they produce different colours in the visible spectrum. Associating each spectral band (not necessarily a visible band) to a separate primary colour results in a colour composite image. Some of these combinations are extremely useful in visualization of environmental characteristics of the area under study, allowing, for instance, to visualize different vegetation types (eg. broadleaved vs coniferous) and other relevant land use features. For the Tanahu project area, three different combination of RGB bands have been produced (Figure 9):
True Color - RGB (Bands 4, 3, 2) True color composite uses visible light bands red (B04), green (B03) and blue (B02) in the corresponding red, green and blue color channels, resulting in a natural colored result, that is a good representation of the land surface as humans would see it naturally.
False Color - RGB (Bands 8,4,3) False color imagery is displayed in a combination of standard near infra-red, red and green band. False color composite using near infrared, red and green bands is most commonly used to assess plant density and health, as plants reflect near infrared and green light, while absorbing red. Since they reflect more near infrared than green, plant-covered land appears deep red. Denser plant growth is darker red. Cities and exposed ground are gray or tan, and water appears blue or black.
SWIR - RGB (Bands 12,8,4) Short wave infrared (SWIR) bands 11 and 12 can help scientists estimate how much water is
11 present in plants and soil, as water reflects SWIR wavelengths. Shortwave-infrared bands are also useful for distinguishing between cloud types (water clouds versus ice clouds), snow and ice, all of which appear white in visible light. Newly burned land reflects strongly in SWIR bands, making them valuable for mapping fire damage. Each rock type reflects shortwave infrared light differently, making it possible to map out geology by comparing reflected SWIR light. In this composite, B8A is reflected by vegetation and shown in the green channel, while the reflected red band, highlighting bare soil and built up areas, is shown in the blue channel.
Figure 9: Definition of the composite products obtained from Sentinel-2 Bands.
3. Definition of the standard protocol for vegetation sampling (January 2021)
In order to detect community changes in response to different stresses or dynamics, an ideal sampling strategy should be able to provide information about different levels of species diversity (i.e., α, β and γ‐diversity) and at different spatial grains (Yoccoz et al. 2001). In fact, connecting state‐and‐transition models to on‐the ground activities such as assessment, monitoring, and management decisions will require attention to spatial and temporal patterns. Nonetheless, when planning long‐term monitoring survey, a‐priori decisions should be made about plot shape and size, the parameters selected for study, and the frequency, precision and accuracy of measurements, which should affect the value of long‐term datasets. Based on the sampling objectives, many different strategies for collecting data were proposed, mainly divided into two types: i) “single‐scale” sampling, representing the oldest searching technique used by botanists to create a species list for a region or to search for rare plant populations in a botanical survey and ii) “multiscale” sampling, specifically thought to explore relationships between species distributions and compositional shifts in relation to the changing spatial scale and environmental gradients. In general, vegetation sampling designs should be also flexible for meeting multifactor study objectives, including examining plant composition, diversity and spatial patterns and maximising the number of species detected. Hereafter, the definition of a multi-scalar sampling design is provided for the Tanahu project area to be operative starting from January 2021, for the collection of relevant, reproducible, quantitative and spatially-explicit data. A set of survey points will be provided to local experts, stratified for different categories (derived by a combination of different information, such as the land use classes and those obtained by GIS analyses), aiming at collecting and characterising the biodiversity of plant community in the area in a robust and repeatable way.
12 Previous vegetation field sampling of the Tanahu project area, based on a standardized sampling design, was carried out by (Uprety et al. 2011) in 2006-2007. A total of 27 25x25m randomly-selected quadrats were surveyed in the area (simple random sampling), along with 100m 5-m wide transects (Figure 10). This design, however, did not explicitly take in account the presence of different land uses in the area or the multiple spatial scale at which plant diversity can vary.
Figure 10: Distribution of the 27 sampling units (25x25m) where plant biodiversity was evaluated by Uprety et al. (2011) in the Tanahun district of Western Nepal. The approximate projected impact area of the Upper Seti Hydropower Project is indicated in shaded.
3.1 Stratified Sampling Design and Strata Definition For the collection of plant diversity and forest structure in the project area, a probabilistic sampling design will be adopted as follows: the sampling design will be based on a hierarchical stratified random sampling. First of all, a 2km-wide buffer layer has been created around the new reservoir area (after the dam will be operative): this area correspond, approximatively, to the area impacted by the project and, once observed in connection with the DTM, it includes both sides of the valley where the Seti river flows, from the river basin to the top of the hills. Secondly, a 2x2 km regular grid was created, covering the whole buffer area (for a total of 11x6 = 66 cells) and only those cells intersecting the buffer zone have been selected as the first hierarchical level of the sampling design (45 cells in total). The second hierarchical level was then derived using the following homogeneous strata:
1) for agricultural area, the corresponding polygons were extracted from the land use map and used for the selection of random points to guarantee at least one point within each cell where this land use was present. To define this stratum, three land uses classes have been merged (Classes 7-8-9 of the Land Use map) 2) for forests, a detailed classification map was not available (the land use map uses the class “forest” – level 4, without any further details). For this reason, a NDVI map derived from the BOA Sentinel-2 image (February 2020) was masked with the forest land use extracted from the general Land use Map. Masked NDVI values have been
13 classified in four different categories after the inspection of the histogram of their values. These four classes represent natural discontinuity in NDVI values, probably due to different forest types, structures and coverage. The four classes were vectorialised and used as forest strata for the selection of random sampling points within each cell. 3) for the river bed, the transitional area between the wet and dry river bed and the dry banks composed by gravel and sand, mostly colonized by xerophilous vegetation and shrubs, the corresponding land use classes have been used.
Figure 11: Classification of forests (as extracted from the Land Use) in four homogeneous strata based on NDVI values. Sampling points are selected within these strata and considering their spatial distribution within cells (first level of the hierarchical sampling design). In total, a set of 310 random points, with the associated coordinates/vegetation type/sampling cell, have been selected within the main physiognomic classes described in the area. The number of points provided is higher with respect to the total number of sampling units that will be collected in the field during the next year (starting from January) since it is expected that some of the points will not be reachable/accessible. The evolution in the number and type of collected sampling units will be monitored during the field seasons, so that it will be possible to drive the selection of points in a way to assure a similar sampling density for the selected areas.
3.2 Field sampling procedures For field sampling, each sampling point will be located with a high‐precision GPS (available at the Damauli Camp). A nested multi-scalar plot with three spatial scales (linear dimension:1 m, 5 m, 10m, Figure 12) will be materialised in the field and the vegetation sampled. As a sampling standard, the GPS point will be always considered as the South- West corner of the sampling unit (plot) and, thus, the plot will be build accordingly.
14 Figure 12: Definition of ththe nested multiscalar plot for the vegetationsurvey surv The complete inventory of plant species occurring in each sampling unit will be listed for each plot scale, along with thehe perpercentage coverage of each species (% visual estimate)est for the largest spatial scale (100100 m2). Along with plant occurrences, a set of environmentalenvi variables will be collected too proviprovide detailed information on factors relatedd with thet variation of species richness and composimposition, as well as the impact of humann activitiesactivi on the vegetation characteristics. Thehe cocomplete data sheet provided for field activitiesvities isi described in Figure 13. In cases where field identificationcation of species will not be possible, herbariumm specimensspe will be collected.
Date: Plot ID: Transect: Coordinates: X: Y: Operator:
COVER Plot Variables Species 1m 5m 10m A(%) B(%) C(%) Descript ion of land use:
Brief descript ion of vegetat ion type:
Human act ivity (passages, buildings,waste,cult ivated -abandoned):
Animal presence, including shelters or burrows:
Topography and geomorphology (including the presence of rocks):
Slope (°) and Aspect:
Total cover per layer (%) Lit ter Cover (%): Bare soil (%):
15 Figure 13: Data sheet for data collection on vegetation characteristics.
When the sampling point will fall inside forested areas, the structural characteristic of the forest will be assessed in the same plot. Within the quadrat area, for each tree with a DBH (Diameter at breast height) higher than 5 cm, the following variables will be collected using a new datasheet:
a) Tree ID – the scientific name of the single specimen rooted in the plot; b) DBH - Diameter at breast height, the standard for measuring trees. DBH refers to the tree diameter measured at 1.30m above the ground. c) Height – tree height measured using a clinometer. d) Dominance Code – qualitative variable describing the position of the tree in the canopy. Coded as U-super dominant, D-dominant, C-co-dominant, I-intermediate or S-suppressed. e) Tree Quality – a qualitative variable expressing the health status of each sampled individual. The variable is coded as: S-sane; D-dead; C-corrupt. Along with these punctual variables, other information at the whole forest scale will be collected.
4. Monitoring of the Seedling production
Seedling raising program has been carried out by the Division Forest Office Tanahu since last three fiscal years. Till now a total of 430,000 numbers of seedlings has been raised at 11 different location mostly in the premise of Forest sub-division offices. As it pure technical subject to grow seedling, this is mostly done by forest technicians, and when necessary, involving local users as well. Different species like Khair, Sisoo, Badahar, Chanp, Bakaino, Kapoor, Ritha and few other species have been grown in the nurseries. These seedlings will be utilized for plantation in the coming rainy season (June-July 2021). The seedlings are mostly utilized by community forest users for plantation purpose in their own community forests and also implied by local people for private plantation in their privately owned land. Details on the seedlings production per fiscal year and site are reportedin Table 4. Table 4: Summary of the seedling production at each site for the fiscal years 2075- 2078 S.No. Name of Nursery FY 2075-76 FY 2076-77 FY 2077-78 No. of No. of No. of Seedlings Seedlings Seedlings 1 Vyas Sub-Division Nursery 0 50,000 50,000 2 Myagde Sub-Division Nursery 50,000 50,000 50,000 3 Rishing Sub-Division Nursery 0 50,000 0 4 Bhimad Sub-Division Nursery 100,000 50,000 50,000 5 ShuklagandakiSub-Division Nursery 50,000 50,000 50,000 6 Bhanu Sub-Division Nursery 50,000 50,000 0 7 Bandipur Sub-Division Nursery 50,000 50,000 0 8 Abukhaireni Sub-Division Nursery 30,000 30,000 0 9 Devghat Sub-Division Nursery 50,000 50,000 50,000 10 Private Nursery Shuklagandaki 0 100,000 0 11 Division Forest Nursery, Damauli 50,000 0 0 Total 430,000 530,000 250,000
The nursery site were visited in December 2020 with forest officers of the Division Forest Office – Tanahu (see Figure 14).
16 Myagde Sub-Division Nurserysery – Visited Myagde Sub-Division Nurserysery – Preparation with two forest officers for new seedlings
Division Forest Nursery, Damauamauli – six Division Forest Nursery, Damauamauli – seedling months old seedlings just transplanted
17 Division Forest Nursery, Damauamauli- Preparation for new seedlingslings Figure 14: Some images of thee nurnursery status collected during the last visit inn DecemberDec 2020
5. Status of Plantation activitiesvities
The plantation for compensationensation has been done mostly inside the communityunity forest land since the last two years (seesee FigurFigure 15).
Saldanda Dhuseni, Myagde 5
18 Display board - Informationon about the One & half year old plantedanted treet plantation Figure 15: Images of the plantatiantation areas status collected during the last visitsit in Dec. 2020
Considering the required 1:2525 replreplacement ratio, the amount of area wheree plantationplant have been done is low. Till thehe complcompletion of the program, DFO is expecteded to plant 3254 hectares of land: however only 88.88.21 hectares of forest land has been plantednted to date. DFO informed that the delay wasas mosmostly due to the Covid-19 situation. Completeplete details on plantation areas and their locationsocations are reported in Table 5 for the fiscal yearear 2077/782077 (2020- 2021) and in Table 6 for thehe fiscal year 2076/77 (2019-2020): Table 5: Hectares off planplantation area for the fiscal year 2077/78 (2020-2021)(2020 S.No. CF Name Location Area (ha) RemarksRem 1 Saldandanda DhuDhuseni Myagde 5 1 2 Bancharedandaredanda Myagde 5 1 3 Jyantangang PadherPadhera Myagde 2 1.5 4 Archalepakhaalepakha Vyas-10 2 5 Sidhabarahhabarah Vyas-11 3 6 Dharapani Ghumauhumaunedanda Vyas-11 3 7 Lumra Rishing-2 3 8 Rumsisi LHF Vyas-14 1.5 LeaseholdLeasehol Forest TOTALTAL 16
Table 6: Hectares off planplantation area for the fiscal year 2076/77 (2019-2020)(2019 S.No. CF Nameame Location Area (ha) RemarksRe 1 Malyangyang Myagde-5 3 2 Saldandadanda Myagde-5 3 3 Kawadiawadi Myagde-5 3 4 Rishinghing Rishing 1.25 5 Kyaminn HariyHariyali 4 ReclaimedRecla River bed
19 6 Lamke Bhanu-13 1.71 7 Puranokot Bandipur-6 5 8 Bancharedanda Myagde-5 2 9 Laxminarayan Vaidik Pith 1 Religious forest 10 Dharapani Ghumaune Danda Vyas-11 2 11 Labdi Abukhaireni-5 5 12 Kalika Vyas-10 4.25 13 Sidhdevi Devghat-4 15 14 Budaduma Bhimad-9 12 15 Wirung Bhdawari Bhimad-4 10 TOTAL 72.21
6. Survey on the Transmission line
The survey of the alignment for 220 KV transmission line has been completed from THL powerhouse up to Chitwan district, covering a forest land of about 67.46 hectares. The detailed forest inventory has been completed in July 2020. According to the inventory report, a total of 7923 trees and pole have to be removed from the forest land under the transmission line. It has been estimated that 34,171.52 cubic feet (968.58 cubic meter) of timber and 160.87 chattas of fuelwood will be harvested from the above-mentioned forest land. This includes 16 different Community Forest Users groups. The document with all the survey details has been forwarded to the Ministry of Forests and Environment in Kathmandu through the Department of Forest and Soil Conservation, Babarmahal Kathmandu, by the Division Forest Office - Tanahu. The document will be approved by the cabinet of the Government of Nepal, and thus it may require a long time for approval.
7. Status of compensation for forest land
As per the rule of the Government of Nepal, the project should provide the compensation for the forest land that has been made available for the Tanahu Hydropower Project. A total of 417 hectares of forest land has been handed over to THL by the Government of Nepal. According to the guideline developed by the Department of Forest, a committee has to be formed under the Divisional Forest Office with the mandate to evaluate the land for the quality of the forest land. The evaluation work was completed by the DFO team and a detail report has been prepared and forwarded for the final approval to the committee. The committee is under the chairmanship of Chief District Office (CDO) who will approve the compensation process. THL is currently delaying the process of compensation considering the new rugulation for compensation approved by the Government of Nepal. This new regulation has provisions that there is no compensation for forest land if the project is Government handled, as THL is government project.
8. Budget status
To complete all the forestry works within seven years, the Division Forest Office (DFO) Tanahu has estimated a total budget of 262,565,665 NRs. An agreement has been signed between DFO and Tanahu Hydropower Limited (THL) on 4th November 2018 for this budget and the work activities have been defined. According to the above-mentioned agreement, THL provided to DFO Tanahu an initial amount of 20,000,000 NRs. in 2018, of which a total of 15,478,162 NRs. has been currently used for the realization of various activities. The remaining budget of 4,521,888 NRs. is deposited at DFO as advance money. This amount will be expended in the running year. The remaining estimated budget will be made available to DFO to carry out the proposed activities. The detailed breakdown of the expenditures is described in Table 7.
20 Table 7: Breakdown of DFO expenses (per fiscal year) related to the projectactivities. FY FY FY * S.N. Activities 2075-76 2076-77 2077-78 Total (2018-19) (2019-20) (2020-2021) 1 Seedling Production and 5,947,430 7,889,200 991,853.00 14,828,483.00 Afforestation 2 Plantation Protection & 227,200 227,200.00 Management - - 3 Monitoring and Fuel cost 382,479 382,479.00 - - 4 Monitoring cost for Marking, Numbering of - - - - Cutting area 5 - Harvesting Cost - - - 6 40,000 40,000.00 CFOP Renewal - - 7 Interaction with - stakeholders - - - Total 5,947,430 8,538,879 991,853.00 15,478,162.00 Advance 20,000,000 20,000,000.00 - - Balance 4,521,838.00 *FY = Fiscal Year (Nepali) starts from mid-July
Reference List Arkebauer, T.J. 2005. Leaf Radiative Properties and the Leaf Energy Budget. In Micrometeorology in Agricultural Systems, pp. 93–103. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Ceccato, P., Gobron, N., Flasse, S., Pinty, B., & Tarantola, S. 2002. Designing a spectral index to estimate vegetation water content from remote sensing data: Part 1: Theoretical approach. Remote Sensing of Environment 82: 188–197. Puletti, N., Chianucci, F., & Castaldi, C. 2018. Use of Sentinel-2 for forest classification in Mediterranean environments. Annals of Silvicultural Research 42: 32–38. Ranghetti, L., Boschetti, M., Nutini, F., & Busetto, L. 2020. “sen2r”: An R toolbox for automatically downloading and preprocessing Sentinel-2 satellite data. Computers & Geosciences 139: 104473. Uprety, Y., Poudel, R.C., Asselin, H., & Boon, E. 2011. Plant biodiversity and ethnobotany inside the projected impact area of the Upper Seti Hydropower Project, Western Nepal. Environment, Development and Sustainability 13: 463–492. Xue, J., & Su, B. 2017. Significant Remote Sensing Vegetation Indices: A Review of Developments and Applications. Journal of Sensors 2017: e1353691. Yoccoz, N.G., Nichols, J.D., & Boulinier, T. 2001. Monitoring of biological diversity in space and time. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 16: 446–453.
21 Annex 12: Wildlife Monitoring Report
1. Forewords
The activities in the semester July - December 2020 related to the implementation of wildlife monitoring were stopped by the emergency due to the COVID-19. The lockdown did not allow the international and national experts to complete the planned field surveys.In this period Butterfly data collected in July 2019 and January 2020 were analysed and preliminary results are shown in this report. 2. Applied Methodologies in Butterfly Survey (July 2019, January 2020)
For Butterfly and other Invertebrates line transects survey techniques (Pollard Walk) have been used in July 2019 (monsoon - wet season) and in January 2020 (winter - dry season) in different habitat that will be flooded. More rigorous statistical analysis of Pollard Walk transect data is possible because counts are conducted in a much more uniform manner with respect to area covered and time spent. Moreover, fixity of extent and location of transects allows subsequent or concurrent study of multiple factors (e.g., plant and animal studies on the same transect). Defined extent and permanent location also make frequent replication possible. This uniform and standard definition of parameters, which allows confident longitudinal monitoring, is one of the most important features of transect sampling. Butterflies, has been catch using nets and specific sampling methods (Figure 1).
The transects were visited between 10:00 am to 5:00 pm. Identification was done by capturing butterflies with nets, taking pictures and releasing butterflies unharmed. Whileobserving butterfly, the types of habitat and altitude in different season was recorded.
The captured species were identified using the field guideline book ’Illustrated checklist of Nepal’s Butterfly and released unharmed. Photographs of both identified and unidentified captured species were taken in the field. Photographs were taken using camera Nikon. Also coordinates (latitudes and longitudes) and elevation was recorded with the help of Garmin Global Positioning System (GPS) device
1 Fig. 1: Vanessa indica in the study area The following table shows the date of the survey, transect number, transect length, location, GPS coordinates of the starting and ending point of the transects (WGS 84 Web Mercator).
Table 1 Transects location and length
Date Season Transect Transect Location Coordinates ofthe Coordinates of n. length starting point the ending point
5 July 2019 Wet T0 2,4 Km Daumali N27°57 8,43 N27°57 35.00 E84°14 28.71 E84°13 07.07
23 January 2020 Dry T1 3,6 Km Bhimad - N27°58 14.64 E84 N27°58.21.60 Badarkuna °09.33.84 , E84°08.37.69,
24 January 2020 Dry T2 2,15 Km Toonibote N27°57 30.00 E84 N27°57 33.18 E °10.26.24 84◦11.34.38
26 January 2020 Dry T3 2,4 Km Barchyang- N27°57 59.15 E84 N27°57 09.43 E Chuler °12.52.42 84°13.21.22
Transect T0(Fig.2) was carried out on July 05, 2020 (wet season), along the river in a natural and semi-semi-natural area characterized by riparian vegetation, river bank, agricultural land, secondary forest and primary subtropical forest (Fig.3).
Fig. 2: Location of Transect T0
2 Fig. 3: Ecological features of Transect T0
Transect T1(see Fig.4) was carried out on January 23, 2020 (dry season), along the river in a natural and semi-semi-natural area characterized by riparian vegetation, river bank, gravel pits, agricultural land partly abandoned, secondary subtropical forest. (Fig. 5).
Fig. 4: Location of Transect T1
3 Fig. 5: Ecological features of Transect T1 Transect T2(Fig. 6) was carried out on January 24, 2020 (dry season), along the river in a natural and semi-semi-natural area characterized by riparian vegetation, river bank, agricultural land, secondary subtropical forest (Fig. 7).
Fig. 6: Location of Transect T2
4 Fig.g. 7: EEcological features of Transect T2 Transect T3 (Fig. 8) was carried out on January 26, 2020 (dry season), in a forestf of sal trees (Shorea robsuta) and along the river in a natural and semi-semi-natsemi-natural area characterized by riparian vegetavegetation, river bank, agricultural land, secondaryondary forest and primary subtropical forest. (Fig.Fig. 9)9).
Fig. 8: Location of Transect T3
5 Fig. 9: Ecological features of Transect T3 The surveys were qualitative and not quantitative and butterflies have been identified up to the species level. For each species detected the following information are shown in the attached list (see Table 4):
• Family • Scientific Name • Common name • National Conservation Status (Common, Very common, unknown) • International Conservation Status (following the IUCN). The IUCN Red List is a critical indicator of the health of the world s biodiversity. Far more than a list of species and their status, it is a powerful tool to inform and catalyze action for biodiversity conservation and policy change, critical to protecting the natural resources we need to survive. It provides information about range, population size, habitat and ecology, use and/or trade, threats, and conservation actions that will help inform necessary conservation decisions. Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups, specified through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation: o Extinct (EX) – beyond reasonable doubt that the species is no longer extant; o Extinct in the wild (EW) – survives only in captivity, cultivation and/or outside native range, as presumed after exhaustive surveys;
6 o Critically endangered (CR) – in a particularly and extremely critical state; o Endangered (EN) – very high risk of extinction in the wild, meets any of criteria A to E for Endangered; o Vulnerable (VU) – meets one of the 5 red list criteria and thus considered to be at high risk of unnatural (human-caused) extinction without further human intervention; o Near threatened (NT) – close to being at high risk of extinction in the near future; o Least concern (LC) – unlikely to become extinct in the near future; o Data deficient (DD); o Not evaluated (NE). • Location: number of transect (T1, T2, T3) • Date: date of the survey • Habitat: species habitat • Host plants : Plants that meet the specific dietary requirements of caterpillars are called larval host plants, or simply host plants • Photo. Photo of the specie.
3. Results of the butterflies survey
The survey allowed to identify 32 butterfly species belonging to the following 6 Families:
• N. 19 Species belong to the Nymphalidae family (60%) • N. 6 Species belong to the Pieridae family (19%) • N. 3 Species belong to the Lycaenidae family (9%) • N.2 Species belong to the Papilionidae family (6%) • N. 1 species belongs to the Hespiridae family (3%) • N.1 species belongs to the Riodinidae family (3%) No species belongs to categories at risk of extinction (IUCN)
Most are NE (Not evaluated) (IUCN)
Most are common or very common (National Status of Conservation)
N.5 species (highlighted in Table 4)) are typical of rainforest, stream banks and meadows, streams. This information is very important for the impact study of the project and for mitigation measures to be designed.
These preliminary results will be implemented in the next surveys, to be carried out in spring (no data were collected in that season). Quantitative surveys will be carried out to obtain more information to define the Butterfly conservation status in different habitats of the study area. Moreover, considering the unmanaged pollution, high human intervention, number of open access tracks etc. are the major threats reported in literature, butterfly monitoring will be useful to define mitigation measures.
7 Fig. 9 Some of the butterflieserflies found during field survey (July 2019 - Januaryuary 2020)
A further butterfly expeditiousous survey was carried out in July 2020 by the national experts at the Powerhouse site. The survey wwas qualitative and butterflies were identifiedfied up to species level orgenus level. The followingollowing table reports the butterflies found during the survey. Species or genus, not foundound in the previous survey, are written in bold, theirheir presencepr will have to be confirmed and, for this reason, the butterflies were not includeded in thet attached list (Table 4).
Tablee 2 BuButterflies found during the survey
SN Species Abundance
1 Arophala sp. M
2. Cyrestis thyodamas L
3 Danaus chryssipus H
4 Euploea core H
5 Eurema hecabe M
6 Euthalia aconthea L
7 Graphium sarpedon L
8 Heliophorus sp. L
9 Ixias pyrene L
10 Neptis sp. L
11 Pantoporia hordonisaqq L
12 Papilio helenus Very Low
13 Papilio polytes M
14 Polyura athamus L
15 Precis iphita M
8 16 Precis lemonias M
17 Synbrenthia sp. L
18 Tagiades sp. L
19 Troides aecus R
20 Zizeeria sp. H
4. Other Invertebrates - Mollusks
During the survey carried out in January 24th(transect T2) several Mollusks Gastropods were collected andidentified (see Table 3). The survey was preliminary and requires a deepening since Mollusks are significant ecological ad biodiversity indicators.
Table 3 Species of land snail gastropods reported during January 2020 site visit
SN Species Location of collection Abundance
Family: Cyclophoridae
1. Cyclophorus sp. T2 - Toonibote both side of the river bank Medium
Family: Ariophantidae
2. Bensonies nepalensis T2 - Toonibote, Rt. Bank of Seti river High
3. Cryptaustenia sp. T2 - Toonibote both side of the river bank Low
4. Khasiella sp. T2 -Toonibote Medium
5. Macrochlamys indica T2 - Toonibote Right side of the river Low
6. Macrochalmys cf subjecta T2- Toonibote Lt bank Low
Family: Glessulidae
7. Rishetia sp. Toonibote Lt. bank Very low
9 Fig. 9 Mollusks Gastropod Macrochlamys indica(Source Wikipedia)
5. Other activities and future steps
Other activities related to wildlife were the following:
A. Online meeting with GIS experts, to prepare maps required for wildlife management plan. GIS can be usedeffectively for environmental data analyses and planning as well explained Annex 11. It allows a better viewing and understanding of physical features and the relationthat can cause influence in given criticalenvironmental conditions.Factors, such as steepness of slopes, aspects, and vegetation, can be viewed and overlaid to determine various environmental parameters and to analyse the impact. In order to plan project activities and to monitor the relevant environmental changes, the hazards and risks assessment is the basis of decisions planning and of definition of the mitigation activities. GIS data and analyses proposed are thought to supports activities in the environmental assessment process,providing baseline data to drive field surveys, as well as to establish the methodological framework to definemonitoring tools and mitigation proposaland,nonetheless, can also be usedfor generating environmental models.
B. Consultation with national experts to prepare the TOC (Table of contents) of Wildlife Management Plan regarding:
1) Review of policies, acts, regulations and guidelines 2) Wildlife resources: • Mammalssurvey in dry season and in wetseason. Camera trapssurvey for medium and large mammals. Sherman Traps survey for small mammals. Batsurvey. • Bird survey in wetseason and further investigations in the dry season. • Herpetofaunasurvey in dry and wet season in differenthabitats (wetlands, different kind of forests, agriculture areas etc.) • Further investigations on Invertebrates in dry and wetseason.
10 • Focus on threatened and endangered fauna. • Focus on invasive species. 3) Environmentalimpacts of the project. 4) Wildlife management plan (Habitat restoration and creation of wildlife corridors,mitigation measures, buffer zone for wildlife). C. Online meeting with national experts to organize the next wildlife survey (camera trapssurvey, bat and small mammalssurvey). Next survey is expected be carried out betweenFebruary and March 2021 with the support of National Trust for Nature with Conservation(NTNC), an autonomous organization of Government of Nepal, workingin the field of biodiversity conservation, wildliferesearch and monitoring since 1982.The NTNCis responsible to manage 33% oftotal Protected Areas of Nepal. The discussedNTNC proposal included Camera Traps Survey design,research, data management, and analysesbased on a 1km X 1km grid size.
D. Bibliographicresearch concerning the wildlife of Nepal with particularreference to wildlife that lives in Tanahu districtor in similar habitat.
11 Table 4: List of butterflies recorded during field survey (Tanahu Hydropower - July 2019 and January 2020)
N. Family Scientific Common National IUCN Location Date Habitat Host plants Photo by common Name Name Status Status credits Wikipedia
1. Nymphalidae Aglais Indian Very NE T2 24 Jan Flowery slopes and other Urticaceae cashmirensis Tortoiseshell Common 2020 semi-open rural habitats in the foothills of the Himalaya, at altitudes generally between about 1000-4000m.
2. Nymphalidae Athyma Common Very NE T1 23 Jan Often found visiting urban The larvae are known perius Sergeant Common 2020 gardens, but their primary to feed on several habitat is open forest and different species of surrounding secondary plants in the genus growth. Phyllanthus and Glochidion.
3. Nymphalidae Danaus Plain Tiger Very LC T1 23 Jan Almost every habitat, Asclepiadaceae, chrysippus Common 2020 including deserts, right up Plumbaginaceae, into the mountains till 3000 Euphorbiaceae, m. Primarily a butterfly of Moraceae, open country and gardens. Malvaceae, Least common in damp, Sapindaceae forested, hilly regions.
4. Pieridae Delias Painted Very NE T1 23 Jan Lowlands but can also occur Annonaceae, hyparete Jezebel Common 2020 at moderate elevations up to Oxalidaceae, 1200 m Loranthaceae, Balsaminaceae
12 5. Pieridae Delias Red-base Very NE T1 23 Jan Open forests, forest edges, Theaceae, pasithoe Jezebel Common 2020 stream banks and Loranthaceae, meadows. Rubiaceae, Buddlejaceae
6. Nymphalidae Euploea core Common Very LC T0, 5 July Forests and human habitats Asclepiadaceae, Indian Crow Common 2019, Moraceae, Ulmaceae, Apocynaceae T3 26 Jan 2020
7. Pieridae Eurema Small Grass Common LC T1 23 Jan All habitats except deserts Fabaceae: Cassia brigitta Yellow stable 2020 and undisturbed forests sp., Chamaecrista Seems to prefer degraded mimosoides, Smithia habitats,avoids dense forest. sensitiva, Senna sp., Fond of flowers Sesbania sp., Albizia sp., Acacia sp., Tephrosia sp.: Hypericaceae: Hypericum aethiopicum
8. Nymphalidae Euthalia Common Common NE T0 5 July Evergreen Moist Deciduous Mangifera indica aconthea Baron 2019 forests & human habitats (Mango)
13 9. Lycaenidae Heliophorus Purple Very NE T2 24 Jan Disturbed forest edge Poligonacee epicles Sapphire Common 2020 habitats at elevations between about 200-1500m above sea level. Typical habitats include roadside verges, wide grassy forest tracks and old quarries which are in the process of reverting to grassland and scrub.
10. Pieridae Ixias pyrene Yellow Common T3 26 Jan Rainforest, humid Capparaceae Orange Tip 2020 deciduous forest, dry forest, Acacia scrub, and savannah / woodland mosaics at elevations between sea level and about 800m.
11. Nymphalidae Kallima Orange Common NE T0 5 July Rainforest habitats at Strobilanthes inachus Oakleaf 2019 altitudes between about capitarus, Girardinia 100-800m. heterophylla, Polygonum orientale
12. Nymphalidae Mycalesis White-line Common NE T0 5 July Tropical/subtropical dry Gramineae malsara Bushbrown 2019 broadleaf forest, tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest
14 13. Nymphalidae Mycalesis Common Very NE T1, T2 23 Jan Temperate broadleaf/mixed Gramineae, perseus Bushbrown Common 2020, forest, tropical/subtropical dry Axonopus 24 Jan broadleaf forest compressus 2020 tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest
14. Nymphalidae Neptis hylas Common Very NE T1 23 Jan Human habitats, forests Tiliaceae, Sailer Common 2020 Leguminosae, malvaceae
15. Papilionidae Papilio Lime Very NE T2 July This species can be found in Tiliaceae, demoleus Swallowtail Common 2019 forests but is normally Leguminosae, associated with more open Rhamnaceae, habitats ranging from semi- Rutaceae desert to Acacia scrub, beach hinterlands, savannah / woodland mosaics, parks and gardens. It can be found at altitudes between sea level and about 2000m.
16. Papilionidae Papilio Common Very NE T0 5 July Lightly wooded country, but Rutaceae polytes Mormon Common 2019 is present everywhere and high up into the hills.
15 17. Nymphalidae Parantica Glassy Tiger Very NE T1, T2, 23 Jan Human habitats, forests Asclepiadaceae aglea Common T3 2020, 24 Jan 2020, 26 Jan 2020
18. Pieridae Pieris Indian Very NE T0 5 July Open forests, forest edges, Tropaeolaceae canidia Cabbage Common 2019, stream banks and White meadows. T1, T2, 24 Jan T3 2020, 26 Jan 2020
19. Nymphalidae Precis Peacock Very LC T1 23 Jan Wide variety including Gramineae, (Junonia) Pansy Common 2020 secondary rainforest, Melastomataceae, almana monsoon forest, plantations, Verbenaceae, rural areas and gardens. Acanthaceae, Plantaginaceae
20. Nymphalidae Precis Grey Pansy Common NE T1 23 Jan Forests and human habitats. Acanthaceae (Junonia) 2020 atlites
21. Nymphalidae Precis Chocolate Very NE T2 July Forests and human habitats Acanthaceae (Junonia) Pansy Common 2019 iphita
16 22. Nymphalidae Precis Lemon Pansy Very NE T0 5July Open wooded areas and Verbenaceae (Junonia) Common 2019, human habitats like gardens lemonias T1, T2, 24 Jan and fallow land. T3 2020, 26 Jan 2020
23. Lycaenidae Poritia Common Unknow NE T3 26 Jan Jungle country at low Dipterocarpaceae hewitsoni Gem n 2020 elevations.The males fly rapidly around and settle on leaves.
24. Hespiridae Sarangesa Common Common NE T0 5 July Openings and edges in both Acanthaceae dasahara Small Flat 2019 the evergreen and semi- evergreen forests, deciduous forests, and scrub & short grassland savannahs
25. Nymphalidae Symbrenthi Common Very NE T1 23 Jan Hilly forests, often active Urticaceae a lilaea Jester Common 2020 near streams and nullahs.
26. Pieridae Terias Common Very NE T0 July Grasslands, open and scrub Cassia sessia, C. hecabe Grass Yellow Common 2019, forests. tora, Delonix regia, Parkinsonia aculeata, T3 26 Jan Tamarindus indica, 2020 Medicago polymorpha, Trifolium alexandrinum
17 27. Nymphalidae Tirumala Blue Glassy Common NE T2, T3 24 Jan Forests and human habitats. Asclepiadaceae, limniace Tiger 2020, Gramineae 26 Jan 2020
28. Nymphalidae Tirumala Dark Blue Common NE T1 23 Jan Dense and moist woodlands Asclepiadaceae, septentrionis Tiger 2020 and surrounding open areas.
29. Nymphalidae Vanessa Indian Red Very NE T1, T2 23 Jan Evergreen & Moist Urticaceae indica Admiral Common 2020, Deciduous forests, near 24 Jan human habitats too 2020
30. Nymphalidae Ypthima Common Very NE T0 5 July Grassy forest edge habitats Gramineae baldus Five-ring Common 2019 and secondary growth, at elevations between about 300-1200m.
31. Riodinidae Zemeros Punchinello Very NE T0 5 July Evergreen forests and egdes Myrsinaceae flegyas Common 2019
18 32. Lycaenidae Zizeeria Pale Grass Very NE T1, T2 23 Jan Open grassy areas, hills and Oxalidaceae (Pseudozize Blue Common 2020. meadows eria) maha 24 Jan 2020
19 Annex 13: Photographs
Speed limits correctly appliapplied Caution board along the access road
Environment Protection BoarBoard at Information and precautionaryonary board Powerhouse
Collection of grease and enginengine oil Supervisor showing date expired goods
1 Use of muck for road ss pavipaving Collection of engine oilil in traystr
Collection of cement and chemicalemical s bags New Explosive s bunkerer / storagesto
No adequate bins labellinabelling Waste Bins with Labels in inn ChineseChin and English (Nepalese languagege missing)m
2 Inappropriate storage of wastete at llabourers Unselected wastes freely disposedosed nearby the camp river
No wastes segregationation Inappropriate storage of wasteateat labourlab camp area
Wastewatastewater directly released into the river
3 Use of PPE at mechanicalcal campca Safety Awareness briefinriefing
Hot water available at labourer surer s camp Daily temperature check-ueck-up
New portable stretchers at clinic/firstclinic/ aid Quarantine Zone at Clinic/Firstirst AiAid Station station (Total 4 Rooms)s)
4