Windows Command Prompt. | 1
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windows command prompt. | 1 how to use windows command prompt. *this is a guide that was created from lecture videos and is used to help you gain an understanding of how to use windows command prompt. Windows Command Line Basics How to get to the command line- Start -> CMD Help provides a help screen CLS clears the screen Switch- text you add to end of command to do something else /? Exit to exit command line Run as administrator- start -> command prompt (admin) Dir to see what is in the current folder/directory, is a folder Dir /W shows less detail with more files and folders on screen Dir /p shows 1 page at a time “Press and key to continue..” = press control + c Cd to point/change to a different directory/folder Cd \ puts you at the root of your directory Cd .. to bring you up one folderWorking with folders and files Md to make a directory/folder Rd used to remove directory Type in the drive you want to access ex. d: or c: Copy [destination] to copy files, files must be in quotations Del and erase are identical commands used to delete * is a wildcard that means any and all characters Ex. Copy * .doc d: – copies all files in a directory that is a .doc to the D drive mind movement machine. windows command prompt. | 2 Del * .doc to delete all files that are .doc Move to move files around to another directory *.* means everything Fancy copying Xcopy used for large amount copies for files and folders xcopy /s copies current and populated subdirectories Xcopy /e copies empty directories Ex. Xcopy *.* d: /s copies everything to the d: drive Robocopy is faster and more robust than xcopy, used more for folders and not files Working with drives Format will format drives from the command line Format d: will format the d drive; don’t format your c: drive. Diskpart used to Partition hard drives List disk will list the disks -> select disk -> List partition will show the partitions on a drive -> select partition -> delete partition *Deleting a partition will remove it’s data Chkdsk will check the individual clusters/blocks on a hard drive and only works on unmounted drives Chkdsk /f fixes files but will take awhile and requires a reboot of the system Chkdsk /f /x unmounts the volume and fixes files System File Checker SFC /scannow looks at critical files and detects if there is a problem, used for corrupted files or boot problems Advanced Windows Command Line Gpupdate forces immediate application of group policy settings, make your group policy mind movement machine. windows command prompt. | 3 update then run Gpresult displays group policy information, shows everything a single user is able to do on a system Tasklist lists running processes on system and assigns a number (PID) to each Taskkill /pid ### to kill a process after running tasklist Windows Recovery Console Boot errors are things that pop up that prevent Windows from starting. “Ntldr is missing” is a boot error, use recovery console with Windows XP installation cd. Fixboot tool rewrites a new boot sector onto your partition Fixmbr tool puts a new master boot record into that boot sector, used only if there is no virus Windows Recovery Environment/WinRE Access through Windows Installation Media or a bootable drive. Startup Repair reinstalls your boot files System Restore will search for system restore points System Image Recovery restores from a backup Memory Diagnostic is a RAM tester to check your RAM Repair your Computer options will bring you into WinRE Refresh your PC will check many functions in your computer Reset your PC will bring your system back to factory settings Advanced Options- System Restore, System Image Recovery, Command Prompt, Startup Repair Advanced Startup Options Press F8 when your system is booting up to access advanced startup options mind movement machine. windows command prompt. | 4 Safe Mode will boot Windows in the most basic mode, system will run slowly in safe mode Safe Mode with Networking will turn on networking Enable Boot Logging will create a file bootlog.txt that will keep track of Windows as it loads Enable VGA Mode can be used if you have video card issues Last Known Configuration will configure based on the last configuration Debugging will allow you to watch Windows at it loads and generate a debugging list Disable Driver Signature Enforcement will force device drivers to need a signature Access Startup Options- (Windows 8.1) Charm bar -> Settings -> Change PC Settings -> Update and Recovery -> Recovery -> Advanced Startup Restart Now -> Troubleshoot -> Advanced Options -> Startup Settings Access Startup Options (Windows 10) Start -> Power -> Hold Shift Key and click Restart -> Troubleshoot -> Advanced Options -> Startup Settings To be able to access Startup Options on Windows 8/8.1/10 with F8 option- command prompt -> bcdedit /set {default} bootmenupolicy legacy Boot Problems Hardware- Ensure storage device is functioning properly, ensure all device cables are plugged in and working BIOS- Boot order, device disabled Desktop- missing operating system, missing BCD, boot into recovery environment to fix Autostart- slow startup, check autostarting and use msconfig to troubleshoot issue Event Viewer / Action Center Access through Administrative Tools for Event Viewer mind movement machine. windows command prompt. | 5 Check your basic logs such as application logs, security logs, setup logs, system logs Information- somethings has happened and Windows is letting you know Warning- found a problem that has been fixed Error- found a problem and cannot fix Critical- something has happened and it is a critical issue Views are custom filtered logs where you can segment the logs Create custom view within in event viewer to create a view Action Center is a utility to notify you when you are doing something wrong and reports real time issues, appeared in Windows Vista first Access through Control Panel, shows security issues and maintenance issues Application troubleshooting Missing DLL- your program cannot find a dynamic link library, DLL’s are subroutines saved in a file, research the missing DLL as it may just be a virus attempting to get into your system. If it is not a virus, then use sfc /scannow to allow Windows to check for automatic DLL updates. If that doesn’t work, then try reinstalling the program. If that does not work then find a DLL repository online for the DLL you are missing. REGSVR32 is used to register a DLL through Windows. Missing Service- check services to ensure the service is running, then enable the service with msconfig, if that does not work then you have to reinstall the program, and if that doesn’t work then you need to do more research in depth Compatibility error- try troubleshoot compatibility first by right clicking on the application To fix manually, right click on the application and choose Properties and go to Compatibility mind movement machine. windows command prompt. | 6 tab and choose which Windows you want to run the program and other options. You can also use virtualization to get an old program if this doesn’t work! System lockup- See if it is an application that locks up your system first, reboot into safe mode and uninstall the program, do research on the application to see what common problems Kernel panics When operating system is not working, a kernel panic screen will pop up. It is also known as a blue screen of death or stop error. Driver, incompatibility, new hardware issue can cause kernel panic. A corrupted driver will also cause kernel panic. Research the error message Spinning pinwheel of death means your Mac is stuck on something, just reboot your system to fix. Windows Install options Unattended installation- from windows, precreate answer file that windows asks during installation. Setup manager asks you the questions and then will save in a text file known as unattend.txt Network installation- PXE is a feature built into BIOS level, and boots off the network, you need a PXE server. In the BIOS ensure you find the PXE boot option and enable it as first boot device. PXE can be used for diskless workstation. PXE is also used from Apple netboot. Image deployment- not a classic installation. Symantic ghost is a server that is going to distribute the image copies to the client machines. Boot client from flash drive and download/install image. They will have the same name and license, so ensure you change the characteristics mind movement machine. windows command prompt. | 7 Windows upgrade paths Clean install- wipe hard drive clean and can upgrade to everything, downside is everything is wiped out including settings and applications. Upgrade install- very fast and the way to go. Windows Versions Windows Vista- 2006/2012 Windows 7- 2009/2015 Windows 8- 2012 metro desktop Windows 8.1- 2013, start button added Windows 10- 2015, current operating system Windows Edition Home- lacks features important to business Windows Vista Home Basic, Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows 7 Home Basic, Windows 7 Home Premium, Windows 8 (Core), Windows 8.1 (Core), Windows 10 Home Professional Windows Vista Business, Windows 7 Professional, Windows 8 Pro, Windows 8.1 Pro, Windows 10 Pro Ultimate Windows Vista Ultimate, Windows 7 Ultimate Enterprise- customized for large enterprises Windows Vista Business, Windows 7 Professional, Windows 8 Pro, Windows 8.1Pro You can upgrade from edition version to the next. From Windows Vista to Windows 7 Upgrade Home Basic to Home Basic, Home Premium, Ultimate mind movement machine. windows command prompt. | 8 Home Premium to Home Premium, Ultimate Business to Professional, Enterprise, Ultimate Enterprise to Enterprise Ultimate to Ultimate From Windows 7 to Windows 8 Upgrade Starter to Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro Home Basic to Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro Home Premium to Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro Professional to Windows 8 Pro, Windows 8 Enterprise Enterprise to Windows 8 Enterprise Ultimate to Windows 8 Pro From Windows 7/8/8.1 to Windows 8.1 Upgrade Windows 7 to Windows 8.1 Windows 8 to Windows 8.1, 8.1 Pro Windows 8 Pro to Windows 8.1 Pro, 8.1 Enterprise Windows 8 Pro with Media Center to Windows 8.1 Pro, 8.1 Enterprise Windows 8 Enterprise to Windows 8.1 Pro, 8.1 Enterprise Windows 8.1 to Windows 8.1 Pro Windows 8.1 Pro to Windows 8.1 Enterprise 32 bit vs 64 bit Look at the media to determine if it is 32 bit or 64 bit.