Us Navy Cold Weather Handbook
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No part of a report of a marine casualty investigation shall be admissible as evidence in any civil or administrative proceeding, other than an administrative proceeding initiated by the United States. 46 U.S.C. §6308. U.S. NAVY HOLD WEATHER HANDBOOK FOR •SURFACE SHIPS j.,">fiW'4_- ;■»?.*.' US Navy Cold Weather Handbook MBI Exhibit CG 070 Page 1 of 236 No part of a report of a marine casualty investigation shall be admissible as evidence in any civil or administrative proceeding, other than an administrative proceeding initiated by the United States. 46 U.S.C. §6308. US Navy Cold Weather Handbook MBI Exhibit CG 070 Page 2 of 236 No part of a report of a marine casualty investigation shall be admissible as evidence in any civil or administrative proceeding, other than an administrative proceeding initiated by the United States. 46 U.S.C. §6308. US Navy Cold Weather Handbook MBI Exhibit CG 070 Page 3 of 236 No part of a report of a marine casualty investigation shall be admissible as evidence in any civil or administrative proceeding, other than an administrative proceeding initiated by the United States. 46 U.S.C. §6308. U.S. NAVY «^ COLD WEATHER HANDBOOK FOR SURFACE SHIPS r^^O May 1988 ;hief of Naval Operations Surfaceli Ship Survivability Office OP-03C2 The Pentagon US Navy Cold Weather Handbook MBI Exhibit CG 070 Page 4 of 236 No part of a report of a marine casualty investigation shall be admissible as evidence in any civil or administrative proceeding, other than an administrative proceeding initiated by the United States. 46 U.S.C. §6308. PREFACE The Cold Weather Handbook for Surface Ships has been published to ensure the fleet is provided information supporting operational preparation for deployments to cold weather areas. The U.S. Navy's Maritime Strategy outlines the extension of operating areas into high latitudes. CNO's instructions define the ship operational requirements for these areas. The contents of this Handbook provide a baseline for establishment of cold weather capabilities. It is arranged in a progressive manner providing a general overview of cold weather effects to support crew and ship material preparations including training. The chapter dealing with operational preparations highlights actions to be taken prior to deployment. This preparation is followed by information concerning recognition of cold weather phenomena and identification of cold weather clothing, including its use and care. The Handbook then addresses At Sea operational guidance for routine cold weather, ice accumulation, heavy weather ship handling, safety and medical considerations. Appendices covering the subjects of coatings, cold weather clothing, lubricants, predeployment checklists and an example Cold Weather Bill can be copied for ready reference around the ship or for specific areas of training. This publication is intended to augment fleet commanders' instructions on preparation for overseas movements and cold weather operations. The information relative to current product specifications, stock numbers and cost are correct at publication. This Handbook is the result of information gathered from the best sources available in and outside the U.S. Navy. While all supporting individuals and organizations are not specifically identified, their efforts in the preparation of this publication are appreciated. The assistance of academia, industry, Army and Navy laboratories, systems commands and both Atlantic and Pacific fleets has significantly contributed to this fleet support document. Captain Robert K. Ban- Surface Ship Survivability OP 03C2 1988 edition Published by Chief of Naval Operations UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D.C.: 1988 US Navy Cold Weather Handbook MBI Exhibit CG 070 Page 5 of 236 No part of a report of a marine casualty investigation shall be admissible as evidence in any civil or administrative proceeding, other than an administrative proceeding initiated by the United States. 46 U.S.C. §6308. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION Purpose 1-1 Background 1-1 History/Operational Experience 1-4 Recent Cold Weather Naval Encounters 1-5 2 GENERAL COLD WEATHER EFFECTS Topside Icing Effects 2-1 Effects on Ship Systems 2-2 ; Ship Heating Design Criteria 2-2 Lubricants and Related Liquids 2-2 Batteries 2-3 Ship Cold Weather Soaking 2-3 Fluid Systems 2-5 Combat Systems Degradations 2-5 High Sea Effects on Stowage 2-7 Moisture (Condensation) Accumulation 2-7 Spare Parts and Supplies 2-8 Effects on Underway Replenishment 2-8 Equipment 2-8 Procedures 2-9 Effects on Flight Operations 2-10 Sea State Considerations in Aircraft Handling 2-10 Wind 2-10 Flight Deck Considerations 2-10 Operations 2-11 Effects on Personnel 2-11 Temperature and Wind 2-12 Protective Clothing 2-12 Nutrition 2-12 High Sea States 2-12 3 PREPARATION FOR FLEET COLD WEATHER OPERATIONS Crew Indoctrination 3-1 Personnel Safety 3-1 Cold Weather Clothing 3-1 Nutrition and Dehydration 3-1 US Navy Cold Weather Handbook MBI Exhibit CG 070 Page 6 of 236 No part of a report of a marine casualty investigation shall be admissible as evidence in any civil or administrative proceeding, other than an administrative proceeding initiated by the United States. 46 U.S.C. §6308. CHAPTER PAGE Special Procurements Requirements 3-1 Procurement Considerations 3-2 Protective Covers 3-2 Low Ice Adhesion Coatings 3-3 Ice Removal Equipment 3-3 Deicing Materials 3-3 Line Materials 3-7 Stowage and Distribution of Cold Weather Supplies 3-7 Ship Systems Requirements 3-7 Lubricant Changeouts 3-8 Antifreeze Installation 3-8 Battery Maintenance 3-9 Check of Window Heating and Washing Systems 3-9 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System (HVAC) Checkout . 3-9 Fluid Systems 3-10 Exposed Firemains and Fireplugs 3-10 Exposed Equipment/Stowage 3-11 Yellow Gear 3-11 Navigation Equipment and Preparation 3-12 Charts 3-12 Electronic Navigation 3-12 Celestial Navigation 3-12 Training 3-13 Weather Forecasting 3-13 Communications 3-13 Antennas/Sensors 3-13 Receivers/Transmitters 3-14 Sea Ice 3-15 Underway Replenishment 3-15 Training 3-15 Preparation for UNREP 3-15 Weapons Systems Preparation 3-16 Weapons Mechanicals Checklist 3-16 Anti-Icing Systems 3-17 Lubrication 3-17 Gun Mounts 3-17 CIWS 3-17 Missile Launchers 3-19 Fire Control Radars 3-20 Torpedo Launchers 3-20 Chaff Launchers 3-20 Small Arms 3-20 Ammunition 3-21 Missiles/Rockets 3-21 Spare Parts 3-21 Surveillance Detection Systems 3-21 Towed Arrays 3-21 PRAIRIE/MASKER 3-22 ECM/ECCM 3-22 Sonar 3-22 Radars (Surface Search, Air Search, Air Traffic Control) 3-22 a US Navy Cold Weather Handbook MBI Exhibit CG 070 Page 7 of 236 No part of a report of a marine casualty investigation shall be admissible as evidence in any civil or administrative proceeding, other than an administrative proceeding initiated by the United States. 46 U.S.C. §6308. CHAPTER PAGE Amphibious Operations 3-23 Exterior Cranes 3-23 Turntables 3-23 Well Decks 3-23 Ramps 3-23 Gates 3-24 Marine Corps Preparation Assistance 3-24 Air Operations 3-25 Procurement 3-25 Maintenance 3-25 Planning 3-25 4 RECOGNIZING AND PREDICTING COLD WEATHER PHENOMENA Meteorological Conditions 4-1 General 4-1 Temperatures 4-1 Sea States 4-2 Winds 4-2 Barometric Pressure 4-3 Cloud Cover 4-3 Precipitation 4-3 Humidity 4-3 Fog 4-3 Ice 4-4 Sea Ice 4-4 Types of Sea Ice 4-5 Forecasting Sea Ice 4-6 Icebergs 4-7 Forecasting Icebergs 4-10 5 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Types of Cold Weather Clothing 5-1 Garment Descriptions and Outfitting 5-1 Boots 5-1 Gloves and Mittens 5-2 Suits 5-2 Jackets and Trousers 5-3 Headgear 5-3 Underwear, Socks and Sweaters 5-4 Proper Clothing Usage 5-5 Methods of Donning 5-5 Clothing Combinations 5-6 Wet Clothing Precautions 5-6 Ship Washer/Dryer Availability 5-6 Stowage Facilities 5-7 ni US Navy Cold Weather Handbook MBI Exhibit CG 070 Page 8 of 236 No part of a report of a marine casualty investigation shall be admissible as evidence in any civil or administrative proceeding, other than an administrative proceeding initiated by the United States. 46 U.S.C. §6308. CHAPTER , PAGE 6 ROUTINE OPERATIONS IN COLD WEATHER Navigation 5_1 Magnetic Compass 6-1 Gyro Compasses 6-1 Satellite Navigation 6-1 Ships Inertial Navigation System (SINS) 6-1 Electronic Navigation Aids 6-2 Charts 6-2 Radar Navigation 6-2 Visual Navigation 6-2 Celestial Navigation 6-3 Summary 6-4 Maneuvering in Sea Ice 6-5 Sea Ice 6-5 Icebergs 6-6 Communications 6-6 Antennas 6-6 Telephones/Microphones/Transceivers 6-7 Combat Systems Readiness Maintenance 6-7 Boat Handling 6-7 Boat Preparation and Stowage 6-7 Boat Equipment 6-8 Launching 6-8 Operations Afloat 6-9 Retrieval 6-9 Liferafts 6-9 Aircraft Handling 6-9 Flight Deck 6-9 Maneuvering 6-10 Cold Weather Air Operations Considerations 6-10 Aircraft Care and Maintenance 6-11 UNREPA'ERTREP/Helo Operations [ [ ^6-12 Cold Weather Considerations 6-12 Pre-UNREP Operations 6-12 Minimize Crew Exposure 6-13 UNREP Equipment 6-13 VERTREP/Helo Operations ^6-13 Maintenance 6-13 Periodic Exercise of Equipment 6-14 Emergency Response Gear 6-14 Water Entry 6-14 At Sea 6-15 7 ICE ACCUMULATION, PREVENTION AND REMOVAL Accretion Monitoring and Control 7-1 Ice Accretion Influencing Factors 7-1 Predicting Potential Ship Icing 7-1 Thickness 7-1 iv US Navy Cold Weather Handbook MBI Exhibit CG 070 Page 9 of 236 No part of a report of a marine casualty investigation shall be admissible as evidence in any civil or administrative proceeding, other than an administrative proceeding initiated by the United States.