Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

Paisley ~ Westfields Primary School, Barnes

PART 3: STRATEGIC CONTEXT AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Thames Strategy- t o Chelsea

Introduction

This section sets out strategic policy promotion of high quality urban design and recommendations for the study area which should conservation of the natural and built environment. be considered in future reviews of UDPs by the riparian local planning authorities and/or adopted as Supplementary Planning Guidance in order to establish a more consistent and coherent approach to planning policies relating to the River. The Strategy should be a material consideration in the consideration of all planning applications in respect of proposed development within the study area.

The policy recommendations relate to the following strategic policy areas:

■ Boundary definitions

■ The River channel

■ Heritage and conservation

■ Views and landmarks

■ Landscape and open space

■ Biodiversity

■ Recreation and tourism

■ Movement

■ Guidelines for new development

The policy recommendations take into account current planning policy guidance and the emerging principles of the Mayor’s London Plan and seek to promote common objectives relating to sustainability, social inclusion, regeneration, the

3.2 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

■ The need for a clear boundary related to ■ Areas and buildings which have a historic, BOUNDARY specific geographical features; and archaeological or cultural association with the River, including planned vistas marked by ■ DEFINITIONS Coherence with neighbouring authorities. existing or former landscape features; Local Authorities should also make reference to the ■ Boundary having coherence with neighbouring LPAC criteria for definition of the Thames Policy authorities. Context Area boundary produced in 1999. These may be summarised as follows: It would appear that there is a need for greater consultation and consistency between Thames Policy Area ■ Proximity to the , including its neighbouring authorities, particularly cross-River The Strategic Planning Guidance for the Thames tributaries and associated areas of water, authorities, in the definition of the Thames Policy (RPG3B/9B) requires the designation of a special whether or not directly linked to the River, but Area boundary. “Thames Policy Area” within which more detailed where an association with the River is guidance will apply. The broad extent of the retained, together with a proportion of open Initial examination of the Thames Policy Area (TPA) Thames Policy Area is set out in this Guidance but water; Boundary as defined by the Boroughs in UDP it is for local planning authorities in consultation Reviews has suggested that in some instances this ■ Contiguous areas with clear visual links with neighbouring (including cross-River) boundary should be reviewed to deal with current between areas and buildings and the River, riparian authorities to identify in their development and potential development activity and pressures including views from and across the River and plans the detailed boundaries of the Thames Policy for change in riverside areas. Given the lengthy areas where it may be beneficial to establish Area. strategy horizon, it is considered prudent for this future visual links; boundary to be reviewed in subsequent UDP In defining the detailed boundaries of the Thames ■ Specific geographic features identified as reviews and for consideration to be given to Policy Area, the Guidance states that local relevant for defining the boundary across large modifying the boundary of the area in the future. planning authorities should have regard to: open spaces; The Thames Strategy - Kew to Chelsea proposes a ■ Areas (including open spaces) and buildings ■ The whole curtilage of properties or sites study area boundary which incorporates many with a visual relationship to and impact on the adjacent to the River, except where major larger sites along the river in their entirety and key river; development sites have been identified for open spaces such as , , Palace and The Wetland Centre at ■ Areas (including open spaces) and buildings which Master Plans/strategies for future Barnes. The proposed TPA boundary in UDPs whose land use relates to the River and river- development are proposed to be published; terminates at the edge of these sites. It is related activities; ■ Areas and buildings whose functions relate or considered more appropriate to incorporate these ■ Existing designations such as Conservation link to the River and/or river related uses or areas, in order to recognise the interaction between Areas and World Heritage Sites; sites which have the potential to be linked; these adjacent areas and the River. In this way, the

3.3 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea key interaction between development sites, are a priority. This potential for conflict should be London Plan (May 2001) now includes the proposed proposals and the context for development can be addressed in UDP policies and it should be designation of a Blue Ribbon Network to address more effectively addressed. recognised that proposed land uses which would the competing needs, uses and demands placed not result in the irreversible loss of land designated on the River and other waterways. The ‘Blue Ribbon Policy Recommendation BD1: Local authorities as MOL may be acceptable subject to other policy Network’ is intended to create a common focus for should reconsider the Thames Policy Area considerations. ensuring the sustainable use and regeneration of Boundary in subsequent UDP reviews in the Thames and associated land along its route. In consultation with neighbouring authorities and There is a need for consistency in the application of particular, it is intended to: consider adoption of the study area boundary planning policies and the designation of the identified in the Thames Strategy - Kew to Thames Policy Area should afford greater weight to ■ Enhance the use of the river for leisure and Chelsea. policies relating to the River. transport and increase public access and safety; Other Boundary Designations Policy Recommendation BD2: The boundaries of Metropolitan Open Land, Conservation ■ Ensure that any new development contributes There are a range of area based policies that are Areas and other area based policies should be to the character of the river and achieves a applied to, and affect, the River Thames. However, consistent between adjoining (including cross- high quality of urban design; and the formulation and application of designations has River) authorities. not been consistent in the extent of their coverage ■ Review the protection given to boatyards and between local authorities. For example, whilst Policy Recommendation BD3: The GLA and application of the safeguarding process for some protective planning policies such as local planning authorities should seek to wharves. Conservation Areas and Metropolitan Open Land ensure consistency in approach to the Policy Recommendation BD4: The proposed (MOL) extend into the water in some Boroughs, in identification of policy areas and boundary designation of the Thames as part of a “Blue others they stop at the riverside. The designation of definitions and the policies applied to the Ribbon Network” in the Mayor’s London Plan MOL and Conservation Areas afford a level of Thames Policy Area should provide a positive should be kept under review and reflected in protection to the River and in theory, the framework to implement the objectives set out UDP policies and Strategy proposals. designation of the whole of the Thames as MOL or in the Strategic Planning Guidance Conservation Area could assist in the (RPG3B/9B). implementation of policies aimed at the protection In the Mayor’s “The State of London” consultation and conservation of the River. These designations and policy development document, (GLA, August could, however, conflict with the working nature of 2000), it was proposed to designate the Thames many stretches of the River and do not adequately and other waterways as a special “Blue Ribbon reflect the complexity and varied character and use Zone” with its promotion an integral part of the of the River. It may, therefore, be more appropriate London Plan and the other Mayoral strategies. The to limit these designations in UDPs to appropriate concept of the Blue Ribbon Zone has subsequently parts of the River where conservation and protection been further developed by the GLA. Towards the

3.4 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

Creative alternatives to encroachment which benefit Planning Policy and Guidance Note 25, THE RIVER the environment and offer no threat to flood defence Development and Flood Risk, sets out the should be investigated with the EA. The EA government’s policy objectives on development and CHANNEL welcome early consultation on riverside proposals flood risk. The guidance represents a strengthening with the aim of achieving sustainable development of advice relating to flood risk and reaffirms that which enhances the environment. The Environment susceptibility of land to flooding is a material Context Agency (Thames Region) will encourage proposals consideration and promotes a planning approach to enhance the Tidal Thames river corridor and the which acknowledges the risks associated with The Environment Agency (EA) is responsible for the re-establishment of its foreshore. The EA will development in flood plains and the importance of provision of a system of flood defences to a welcome those aspects of development which lead the precautionary principle. The guidance replaces prescribed height along each stretch of the river. to: Department of Environment Circular 30/92. There is The maintenance of the river walls or banks is the no specific reference in the Draft Guidance to the ■ responsibility of the riparian owner, subject to Opportunities to retreat the flood defences and River Thames but there will be a continuing enforcement by the EA. The Agency is a statutory increase the storage volume of the river; requirement for maintence of flood defences and for consultee in the planning process and advises ■ Enhanced opportunities for fisheries and other consideration to be given to flood risk in the re-use planning authorities in the review and preparation of of previously developed land. statutory plans and other policy or guidance ecology; documents. In addition to any planning and building ■ Restored, conserved and enhanced landscape Form and Condition of the permissions, land drainage consent is also needed character as appropriate; from the Agency for any kind of structural work River Banks within 16 metres of the flood defences. The EA is ■ Improved access to the river and its flood also responsible for setting and monitoring water defences and increased visual connectedness The Environment Agency maintains a record of quality standards to control pollution. to the river; bank condition for all sections of the river for which it is responsible for flood defence. The assistance The Port of London Authority (PLA) is the owner of ■ Conservation and promotion of the Thames’ of the EA in making available the most up to date the riverbed. Any development proposal involving archaeological heritage; information of their records for the purpose of this is works in, under or over the tidal Thames below the acknowledged in preparing this section of the ■ Creation of new, environmentally acceptable mean high water level requires a licence from the strategy. PLA, in addition to consent from the EA. The PLA flood defences at no cost to the Agency; It is the responsibility of the riparian owner to is responsible for the continuous clearance and ■ Increased opportunities for river-based maintain the bank although the EA has some dredging of the river, in the interests of safe recreational pursuits; navigation. Responsibility for piers rests with powers of intervention. The issue of ownership is London River Services (part of Transport for ■ Wider environmental benefits for greater difficult and steeped in history. There has been London). The PLA act as technical advisers to the London which promote sustainable debate in respect of Strand on the Green regarding Secretary of State and the Mayor on the suitability development. responsibility for failures of a small revetment/wall of sites for safeguarding. against a public path adjacent to private properties.

3.5 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea

The Court found in a recent case relating to Strand Tow Path along the south bank between Kew and based on surveys undertaken either in 1991/2 or on the Green that the Borough Council as Highway Putney is edged by a sloping cobbled revetment, 1995/6 and the 3 bands of 'Life Expectancy' in Authority was liable to maintain the riverside way with only short sections of wall. terms of the flood defence life are less that 5 years, and footpath and issued an order for it to be put in 5-15 years and over 15 years. For the purposes of repair. The Council has called for a London wide The north bank tends, due to the history of this report and considering the lapsed time of either approach to provide the substantial investment expansion from the north and the city, to be more 9 or 5 years since the last survey, those banks needed to repair and enhance the Borough’s heavily developed right up to the river edge. Much of previously with under 15 years would now have a Thames flood defence works. the bank in the Wandsworth, Fulham and Nine residual life of 5 to 10 years or less and these have Elms stretches still has restricted public access, been categorised as Poor/Suspect. Banks reported Bank Form reflecting former industrial uses. Within the central to have above 15 years are categorised Good/ London reach, a formal dressed stone river wall Reasonable. The EA requires the replacement of The bank form has been divided into two basic forms the frontage of the Chelsea Embankment. forms: river walls with less than 5 years life. The banks in Policy Recommendation RC1: The riverbank the study area are basically considered sound with ■ Walls (Vertical or near vertical); edge treatment should respond to: the identity the exception of some short sections on both ■ Revetments. of the character reach; the associated use and banks. Overall only 4.6% are categorised poor/ hydrological requirements. In urban locations suspect. The riverbanks can broadly be summarised as dressed stone or masonry are preferred as being walled below Putney Bridge, except for a Of the Poor/Suspect sections, many of these are facing materials. Sheet piling is only small stretch of sloping bank along the frontage of already under inspection due to movements and or considered appropriate for industrial and Battersea Park. Much of the remaining sections of failure. These are summarised below: utility sites and would only be acceptable if the north bank above Putney are also walled timber clad. ■ S86-S89 Vicarage Crescent, Wandsworth. except the stretch of Duke’s Meadow and This wall is being monitored for further immediately downstream from Chiswick Pier. The Condition of the Bank movement under the auspices of the EA;

The condition of the bank has been categorised as: ■ S12-S55 Deodar Road. Residential properties. ■ Good/Reasonable (in excess of 5 years Signs of failure but no significant flood security residual life); issue; ■ ■ Poor/Suspect (likely approaching or under 5 86/910 Aynscoombe Path near years residual life). Brewery. No signs of failure but an old wall; ■ 82/809-905 Strand on the Green. Three areas of The above condition categories are taken from the failure of a low wall/revetment with failure of the EA records. The records are taken from the Phase path. Threatens adjacent residential properties. IV Sea Defence Survey Update 1995/1996. The A major wall, of concern to English Heritage; survey database categorises the structures into Sloping cobbled revetment, Duke’s Meadow bands of differing residual life. These records are ■ 82/001-034 Chiswick Mall Residential Properties;

3.6 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

■ N112 Portland Blue Circle. Derelict site with The Environment Agency has started work on the Riverbank Improvements and no reported failure to date. next stage of the tidal Thames flood defence Retired Defences project. This will include the upstream section There is evidence that some small sections of between Kew and Chelsea. These embayment The Environment Agency provides riverbank design revetment protection are failing and whilst not studies will consider the justification for continuing guidance for the tidal Thames in their document currently putting the bank at risk locally will require to maintain and review as necessary flood "Partnership in Planning". This illustrated brochure sensitive repair soon. These are not presently defences, leading to the identification of individual is aimed at developers and local planning identified in the EA reports. frontages that need work. authorities, and outlines a variety of riverside design options which will support the local ecology, Most industrial sites downstream of Putney which Policy Recommendation RC2: The publication landscape and recreation, as well as providing are likely to be developed have sheet piled walls of any new advice relating to the flood effective flood defence. The design options of which tend to generically exhibit decay at the high defences should be kept under review and relevance to this stretch of the Thames fall into two tide level. It is understood that there has not been recommendations implemented as main categories: the restoration or enhancement of evidence of low water corrosion. There are other appropriate. The Environment Agency will existing river walls; and the creation of retired older forms of wall; such as at Lots Road Power work with riparian owners to improve the river defences. The EA is working with riparian owners Station which have pile and plank forms with wall flood defences where appropriate. indeterminate conditions behind them due to to improve flood defences. relieving structures for cranes and the like. The indeterminacy of condition and structural capacity Enhancement of Existing River Walls of such walls tends to dictate that development is The majority of the former riverside industrial sites moved back from the wall or that it is replaced. downstream from Putney are either: subject to Flooding, or the risk of flooding, are important application for planning permission for residential/ issues. A considerable part of the study area is low mixed use development; are under construction; or lying and potentially subject to flooding, and have been recently completed. The opportunity extensive flood alleviation works, including the exists to restore or enhance these often utilitarian Thames Barrier, are necessary to prevent this. vertical walls in association with new development. Certain low-lying sections of waterfront are The flood defences in front of former industrial sites particularly vulnerable: Strand on the Green, and wharves often still have timber fendering, grab Mortlake, and Chiswick Mall. All of these historic chains and ladders, but which are in poor condition. settlements are below the statutory flood defence These are important visually in breaking up the level. The residential properties have been adapted starkness of blank concrete walls. Closely spaced, to cope with periodic flooding with raised timber fenders create character and texture as well thresholds, steps and metal shutters on windows as providing micro-habitats for specialist flora and and doors. invertebrates. River Wall at Corney Reach, Chiswick

3.7 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea

Cross sections showing options for enhancement of river walls taken from ‘Wandle Riverbank Improvements’ (WS Atkins 1998)

3.8 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

The river wall along sections of Fulham Reach is opposite bank. The integration of lighting, safety Policy Recommendation RC4: The conservation patterned concrete, which from a distance gives the equipment, signing and information needs to be and restoration of the cobbled revetments and impression of a dressed stone embankment. considered at the outset. In some cases a new associated steps along the towpath between Unfortunately inferior detailing and materials have capping beam and parapet or balustrade have been Kew and Putney is of landscape, ecology, been used to raise the height of the flood defences. added to an existing river wall. This has the heritage and flood defence importance. This is a common problem with piecemeal advantage of achieving consistency of treatment Restoration proposals need to be co-ordinated additions reflecting different phases of development between neighbouring developments, without the with the future management of riverbank and changes in riparian ownership. cost of major river wall reconstruction. The addition vegetation. of timber fendering can also achieve visual Lattice timber fendering can be added to existing coherence between different riverside activities and Retired Defences sheet piled walls. This has the advantage of riparian owners. improving the visual appearance of the flood The Environment Agency promotes the remodelling defences, as well as providing a specialised Policy Recommendation RC3: Riparian owners of existing flood defences, where conditions allow, habitat. In particularly visible sections of riverbank, and developers of riverside sites should be to create part or full retired defences. These can for example at focal points of activity, the additional encouraged to improve the visual appearance either take the form of: ecological terraces, with a cost of brick or stone facing may be justified. This and ecological value of existing metal sheet- range of inter-tidal habitats to soften the river edge would transform the appearance of sheet piled flood piled and concrete slab river walls, in and enhance ecological interest; or, the defences, and the crevasses on the brick/stone accordance with relevant guidance including introduction of steps and stairs to provide visual facing would provide important cryptic habitats for riverbank design guidance for the tidal and physical access to the river. Retired defences invertebrates and algae. Grab chains, ladders and Thames provided by the EA in their can only be undertaken where compatible with life buoys are important safety features but are also "Partnership in Planning" document. public safety. a part of the channel edge and can be used to Restoration of Revetments The short to medium term opportunities for creating enhance the design of the river frontage. retired defences are limited by; the lack of available The sloping cobbled revetments which extend along Following the installation of the Thames Barrier the the southern bank between Kew and are river wall is in places now above the statutory flood an important feature successfully integrating the defence level, for example, at the former oil storage foreshore with the wooded towpath. The gaps depot at Point Pleasant, Wandsworth, between the stone blocks allow marginal vegetation Mall, Fulham and the Terrace, to colonise above the high water mark. Erosion and Barnes. This provides the opportunity to lower and collapse of these sloping banks is evident from the remodel the river wall. In other locations, for fallen stone blocks on the foreshore. Unfortunately example, Bishops Park, temporary flood defences where this has occurred, the revetment is often have not been removed. patched up insensitively with concrete. The The design and detailing of the parapet of the river colonisation of the upper parts of the revetment by wall is an important element, visible from the self-seeded sycamore and ash has also dislodged adjacent riverside walkway, the river and the stone blocks. Sloping cobbled revetment

3.9 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea space; the presence of mature trees along the impact of any proposed measures to remove or appropriate guidelines such as the riverbank riverbank; possible ground contamination behind breach embankment walls on the historic character design guidance for the tidal Thames provided existing river walls; buried foundations and of these registered parks. by the EA in their "Partnership in Planning" structures and the generally good condition of the document. Consideration should be given to existing flood walls which does not justify their The provision of retreated defences can provide the potential for full or part retired defences at short term replacement. Despite these physical enhanced access to the River for recreation. an early stage in the preparation of proposals and financial constraints there are a limited number Duke’s Meadow presents a potential demonstration for open space on the riverside. of opportunities which could be considered in the project in the short term and funding could be future as demonstration projects. These are listed available under the London Waterways Project. Access and Safety below: Proposals for retired flood defences will invariably The issue of access and use of steps and other require the granting of a PLA River Works Licence ■ In sections along the riverbank at Duke's accesses is one which attracts a dichotomy of Meadow, avoiding mature trees. This could be and therefore the PLA must be consulted at an views and is influenced by the general historic linked with the eradication of Japanese early stage on any proposals. problems of ownership and responsibility knotweed; Policy Recommendation RC5: Developers of concerning the shore works and walls. riverside sites, and local authorities ■ At Furnival Gardens, to recreate the entrance Access to the Foreshore to the ‘lost’ river; responsible for parks and open space adjoining the riverbank, should be An assessment of the general condition of the ■ In front of the Wetland Centre at Barn Elms; encouraged to consider the potential for full or foreshore was drawn up based on observations part retired defences in accordance with from the river and the bank at low water. Comments ■ Wandle Delta where potential locations have already identified in the SRB funded Riverbank Improvement Plan (WS Atkins 1998);

■ Proposed areas of new open space at Imperial Wharf, Chelsea Creek and Gargoyles Wharf.

In the longer term when the mature Plane trees along the riverside promenades in , Bishop's Park and Battersea Park reach the end of their lives and need to be replaced, the riverbanks could be redesigned to provide a better visual and physical relationship with the river. This could include a combination of ecological terraces, formal steps and slipways for launching small boats. It would be necessary to consider fully the Access to the foreshore Duke’s Meadow

3.10 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations on the condition were also confirmed by the PLA Policy Recommendation RC6: The PLA and Steps and Stairs during the river inspection. In a broad sense it could Crown Estate (the legal owners of the The Port of London has published a survey of be concluded that all sections of the foreshore are foreshore below mean high water) in Steps, Stairs and Landing Places along the Tidal accessible by the public. However there are many consultation with the EA and other interested Thames (Port of London Authority 1996). obstructions such as storm water outfalls, tributary parties should review the position regarding rivers and streams, commercial and residential public access to the foreshore for water based The location of steps is based on the PLA 1996 moorings and piers which interrupt the general run as well as land based recreational and document which provides a summary of the history of the foreshore and which would present difficulties educational purposes subject to safety and of steps and their usage, together with relevant to some or most of the public enjoying full lateral health considerations. The relevant bodies sections of PLA's survey of 1995 identifying 246 access along the shore. There is historic evidence should seek to clarify the legal position and steps between Southend and . Within of the public having to be rescued at outfall roles and responsibilities for public safety. this current study area there are 67 steps identified locations where conditions can vary due to the Access for recreational purposes should take and of these, 48 are in the stretch above discharge flow conditions. into account the ecological or archaeological Hammersmith Bridge. sensitivity of the foreshore. There is a gravel section of foreshore on the north The ownership of steps on the River has been the bank from Chiswick Drawdock downstream to subject of much debate. The general view that Hammersmith Upper Mall which has been anything below the high water mark is the traditionally used as a ‘beach’ at low tide. responsibility of the PLA or the bed owner is not firmly established in law. The PLA report indicates There is a right of access to the foreshore for that they would consider assuming responsibility in navigational purposes, for fishing, and for the absence of any other ownership emerging. In customary purposes, but not for recreational/leisure the face of existing public usage, steps have purposes. Promoting further public access for generally been left open but barred where there is a recreational purposes needs to be carefully clear public safety issue. Given the present funding considered in the context of the legal and safety issues the steps have not been maintained and are implications, bearing in mind the fast tidal flows consequently in various states of repair. This report and potentially dangerous conditions. It is does not present a condition statement on the important that a strategic evaluation and risk steps but in general they remain in a reasonable assessment is undertaken for the tidal Thames condition and capable of passage with due care rather than on an individual site basis. Public and respect for the incumbent wet and slippery condition. access requirements also need to be considered in The Embankment Wall as part of the Red Route the context of the archaeological and ecological network has been the responsibility of Transport for importance of the foreshore. London since July 2000. There are four sets of steps to the river which are accessible. These are Steps at Duke’s Meadow

3.11 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea currently being refurbished with TfL funding. Subject The River is considered to be a potential risk area and in its recommendations were generally in line to the granting of planning consent, new ladders and under RoSPA definitions most of the walled with the above approach to waters-edge safety and grab chairs are to be installed to improve areas of the river would be defined as Band 4 (the management . safety. highest risk banding as detailed in the RoSPA guidelines relating to circumstances where there is Parapets/Balustrades The steps have not been the subject of any planned a need for egress from the river for rowers and The provision of parapet and balustrade barriers has maintenance and little if anything has been done to sailors). Some lower revetments with a gently them for many years. In some instances there have sloping foreshore beach might be banded lower but varied widely along the river and changes as sites been moves to require developers under 'Planning at certain times during events such as the major change their use. The situation at commercial Conditions' or via Flood Defence Licence boat races would be re-categorised to a higher wharves or derelict sites is largely one of no Consenting Procedures to reinstate or repair steps band. The Band 4 areas would require signage, barriers since the area is defined as a working on their development site or nearby. barriers and some safety/recovery equipment. commercial port/wharf where a barrier would be a hindrance for operation. The delivery mechanism could comprise a In terms of safety, it is generally acknowledged that combination of community based initiatives, prevention through good education is better than Design and the requirements of the Building sponsorships or as a package of measures providing a cure, i.e. the provision of safety Regulations and British Standards has changed targeted at funding sources. equipment on the bank. Current ethos is to have a over the years and except where new developments safety strategy defined and adopted. This may are taking place there is likely to be no conformity Policy Recommendation RC7: Steps and stairs involve the adoption of a range of educational, of the older barriers either in terms of height, are an important part of the river wardens and hardware provisions. The PLA in 1994 structural capacity or in-fill panels. infrastructure. Many are of historic undertook a consultative study and "Review on In general, the hard masonry parapet barriers along significance, but few benefit from a protective Lifesaving Provisions along the River Thames". The the 'Embankments' appear to be of sound form mechanism and there is a general lack of report and recommendations from this study were although not conforming to the current highway maintenance, and uncertainty of ownership. discussed with riparian owners, user groups, local requirements in terms of alignment or strength. The findings of the PLA “Steps, Stairs and authorities and policing/emergency organisations Landing Places” study provides the framework In pedestrian areas, older walls tend to comprise a for their conservation and restoration. The mixture of masonry or concrete with varying flat or study should be updated to clarify sloping tops or with rails added to the top. Many of management issues. the older pedestrian barriers have horizontal rails, which invite climbing and have open gaps allowing Safety Guidance animals and children to pass through. As such, An Edge Treatment Banding Guide has been many of the barriers in the study area would not developed by the Royal Society for the Prevention conform to current code and regulation of Accidents (RoSPA) in their document "Safety of requirements included in BS7818 Pedestrian Inland Water Sites" and provides the most widely Barriers, BS6180 Barriers in and about Buildings adopted safety guidance for waterside locations. Balustrade Putney Embankment and BS6399 Pt 1 Loading.

3.12 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

In areas where a revetment and shallow shelving local circumstances. Proposals must also take The responsibility for safety on the river and on the foreshore is present, such as along the southern account of access both to and from the river, banks is a subject open to debate and bank and at Duke’s Meadow above Putney, there is as well as the character of the reach and their consideration. This extends from the general generally strong natural vegetation on the revetment visual impact upon it. obligations of Authorities charged with managing and bank top which provides a strong barrier. This public safety, to riparian owners, commercial is considered a safe and appropriately protected companies, private residents and private clubs. All bank in terms of public safety. these organisations and the public themselves are responsible. There is no single authority with The erection of barriers on the bank has to meet responsibility to establish an overall safety plan or the conflicting needs of allowing people to enjoy the with statutory powers to require others to comply river safely and views from the bank, whilst not with a plan either by applying educational or forming an obvious physical barrier. Such barriers physical safety provisions. There is a current review must also recognise the needs of the river users to ongoing by the PLA with other relevant escape up the bank in emergency. This issue is organisations and bodies reporting to DTLR on also linked with the disposition and condition of Lifebelt, Putney Embankment Safety and Search and Rescue on the River. The steps and slips which, in association with the outcome of this report must be considered central Safety Equipment barriers and other ladders and chains, provide safe to the strategy to manage safety and to identifying rescue facilities. RB Kensington and Chelsea and Provision of safety equipment extends from the course for the future within this study area and LB Hammersmith & Fulham have advised that information signing to physical buoyancy all others. Lifebuoys were removed from the embankment in equipment and means of egress from the river, up RoSPA maintain an active Water Safety team and 1990 following advice that they were inappropriate, vertical walls. Ladders and chains are recognised undertake review of specific projects from this further details are not available. as important items of safety equipment. standpoint. Their current policy is to establish a While safety issues are vital, the visual impact of safety plan with an emphasis on prevention by In general, the study area is devoid of any safety parapets and balustrades must also be considered. education rather than provision of physical safety equipment, except for the riverside within the They can have significant impact on the character equipment for public use, or misuse. London Borough of Wandsworth, which is served of the riverside. Vertical infilled balustrades are by regular life belts and floating lines and signs. Policy Recommendation RC9: The recommended by RoSPA where there is a large There is isolated evidence of previous life belt recommendations of the ongoing DTLR report drop into deep water. These obscure oblique views. provision in other areas but the belts are missing on Safety and Search and Rescue on the River Policy Recommendation RC8: A consistent from the cubicle holders. There is little evidence of and any other relevant guidance which may approach to all aspects of safety at the water’s safety equipment at specific centres of public and be produced in the future will provide the edge needs to be researched, consulted and private activity such as piers and clubs. strategy for managing safety including: agreed, which will include provision of educational and physical safety provisions; a There is a view that safety equipment may be parapets, balustrades, grab chains, ladders, clarification of responsibilities; and difficult for the untrained public to deploy and that steps, lifebelts and other safety devices, based identification of the resources required. such facilities are subject to vandalism. on RoSPA guidelines developed for specific 3.13 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea

River Structures and Meadow all extend into the foreshore, rather than Infrastructure being set back into the riverbank to follow the form of the ancient river boundary. These 1960-70's Slipways, Hards and Drawdocks structures have caused scouring and shoaling, which have disrupted the ecology of the inter-tidal Drawdocks, causeways, slipways and hards are an foreshore. essential part of the Thames infrastructure, offering the opportunity of making contact with the river in a Policy Recommendation RC10: The placement variety of ways. Many are of historic significance and integration of new hards should be forming part of the river's rich heritage. However, few sensitive to inter-tidal ecology and the line of of these structures benefit from a protective the foreshore. Replacement of existing hards mechanism and some are threatened by removal, that extend into the foreshore should be closure or neglect. The "hard" at Putney is a well considered where practical. New and Barnes Small Profit Dock used facility and is the sort of structure that could replacement hards should be set into the river be provided elsewhere. bank, where possible. Heritage Lottery Fund and other public/private sector sources to ensure the rehabilitation The integration of new hards, or slipways, with the Proposals for the restoration of Broomhouse Dock and long-term survival of these important river foreshore and riverbank needs to be carefully have recently been prepared by the London structures. considered. The slipways serving the boathouses Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham, in conjunction at St Paul's School, Barn Elms and Duke's with the Hurlingham Yacht Club. These include the Inlets, Wharves and Canals replenishment of foreshore shingle, natural stone paving and a new landing platform for the yacht There are comparatively few off-channel inlets, docks club. or marinas requiring lock gates to control the tides. There are locks at: Chiswick Quay; Ransome's Dock, Drawdocks occur at , Strand on the Battersea; and in Chelsea Creek; Green, Chiswick Church Street, Chiswick Lane and the Grosvenor Canal, Pimlico. These basins are South, Mortlake Brewery, Barnes Small Profit sheltered and safe locations for moored boats and Dock, Queens Wharf (Hammersmith), Crabtree provide an attractive waterfront setting for residential (Fulham Reach), Putney Hard and Putney Bridge. and mixed use development. Restoration work at Broomhouse drawdock is not yet completed. Part of Chelsea Creek has been infilled, as have Queens Wharf at Hammersmith, McMurray's Canal Policy Recommendation RC11: Historic and the Parish Wharves in the Wandle Delta. These slipways, hards, wharves and drawdocks "lost" water bodies could be re-excavated to provide a should be protected. Possible mechanisms to setting for development, and improved access to the Mortlake Brewery from Chiswick Bridge achieve this include seeking funding from the river including facilities for launching small boats.

3.14 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

Policy Recommendation RC12: Further ensure high standards of design, to consider The main groups of residential moorings are above research is required to identify "lost" inlets, possible impacts on historic settings and the Hammersmith Bridge near the Dove Pier, Chiswick wharves and canals, which could be restored requirement to consult the PLA on navigation Pier, Vicarage Moorings, Chiswick and Cadogan using developer contributions, to enhance the issues. The London Rivers Association also Pier, Chelsea. Leisure moorings are widespread local environment and provide a setting for provides guidance on the provision of moorings. over the study area. Commercial moorings are development and improved access to the River. found downstream of Putney Bridge. The planning authorities in the area adopt a general presumption against further long-term residential The proposed development at Point Pleasant, moorings on the main river channel on the grounds Wandsworth includes long-term residential that they are detrimental to the amenity and moorings, utilising the former oil depot jetty. The conservation value of the river and because there adjacent Prospect Quay also has residential moorings. are usually inadequate on-shore facilities for sanitation and rubbish disposal. However, there are Local authorities should give preference to short- arguments for allowing further moorings. They can term moorings provided for short-stay visitors to bring activity and vitality to the river, especially in places of interest nearby, for example Chiswick the evening, foster a sense of community, improve Pier is close to and Gardens. safety and security at night, and can provide the Policy Recommendation RC13: The Ransome’s Dock finance to create better access to the River. construction of new floating structures, such as Moorings and Piers Chiswick Pier is a good example of the benefits pontoons and jetties, to provide residential that such development can bring. Moorings

Strategic Planning Guidance for the Thames RPG3B/9B, provides the following advice regarding moored vessels and structures:

"Any vessels or structures situated on the River should enhance the river life or scene, should be appropriate to their location, and in the case of permanently moored vessels not for residential use, should be oriented towards public enjoyment of the River."

The 1990 LPAC document "Planning Guidelines for permanently moored vessels and structures on the River Thames" is also referred to in RPG3 and local Mr See’s Moorings, Hammersmith Lower Mall authority UDPs, and in particular the need to 3.15 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea and visitor moorings for small boats should be The potential use of existing, or at present Tributary Rivers encouraged in appropriate locations (taking redundant piers, for regular river bus services into account potential impacts). These depends on the financial viability of operating such Lost Rivers locations should be identified in UDPs. As a services, and their role within the future public The Thames between Kew and Chelsea is fed by general principle, any residential moorings transport network in Greater London (refer to 10 tributaries. Of these, only the River Wandle and should be for vessels capable of navigation Movement section). The outcome of the current the remain unculverted. The and should be permanently occupied. All new review being undertaken by Transport for London remainder are either fully or substantially buried moorings should be assessed against the will help identify the future demand, location and below ground and now form part of London's piped criteria set out in policy RC18. This policy does availability of sites for passenger services. drainage system. The lower reaches of Chelsea not apply to existing residential moorings. Policy Recommendation RC14: The future role Creek remain open but are heavily modified. The long-term remit of this strategy allows the Piers of river bus services within the public transport network of Greater London should be consideration of projects which may seem Commercial Piers are located at all points up the considered in relation to a strategy for impractical or economically unfeasible in the short River. These are used by river buses and by leisure upgrading existing piers and investing in new term. This includes the objective of resurrecting the users. They are in order working downstream: piers and associated river infrastructure. "lost rivers" as sites change use and are redeveloped. ■ Servicing and Repair Facilities ■ Chiswick Pier Policy Recommendation RC16: The "lost rivers" The use of the tidal Thames for passenger, freight which feed the Thames should where possible ■ Dove Pier and recreational purposes depends on the be rediscovered and their historic alignments ■ King Henry's Pier (Leisure Moorings only) availability of servicing and repair facilities including should be identified and protected by local chandlers. Between Kew and Chelsea there are planning authorities in their UDPs. ■ Putney Pier only limited facilities and there should be a general ■ Chelsea Harbour Pier presumption in favour of retaining existing facitlites. River Wandle and Beverley Brook

■ Cadogan Pier Policy Recommendation RC15/M21: The The two existing tributaries which remain visible, There are numerous derelict piers on the river, which retention of existing riverside facilities the River Wandle and Beverley Brook, are both the are either attached to redundant commercial sites or including boat building sheds, marine subject of a Landscape Assessment prepared by adjacent to residential developments. These are in services, slipways, docks, wharves and piers consultants for the EA. The confluence of both various states of decay with or without access will be supported and the provision of new tributaries with the Thames are heavily modified bridges. None of these are used in any way and facilities encouraged. with weirs and control structures. would require substantial repair to fendering or A half-tide weir occurs at the mouth of the Wandle. access from land or to the water to enable them to be used. This was installed in the early 1990's to partly impound the lower reaches of the tributary and provide an improved setting for development. A

3.16 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

Encroachment and ■ Loss of, or damage to, the Thames’ Reclamation archaeological heritage; ■ Reduced opportunities for river-based The channel of the River Thames has been recreational pursuits. progressively narrowed over the centuries. This has altered the hydrology of the river and the pattern of The Environment Agency seek to promote creative siltation. Strategic Planning Guidance, (RPG3B/ alternatives to encroachment which benefit the 9B) urges local planning authorities to "discourage environment and offer no threat to flood defence. land infill and development which encroaches into The Environment Agency will encourage the River and its foreshore other than in exceptional opportunities to retreat flood defences and increase circumstances". Permission is required from both the storage volume of the River. Mouth of the River Wandle the Port of London Authority and the Environment Policy Recommendation RC18: Essential river number of weirs or barrages were conceived in the Agency, in addition to the local planning authority. infrastructure and river dependent activities late 1980's across the tributaries of the Thames, for The Environment Agency (Thames Region) will that encroach onto the foreshore will normally example the River Lea and Deptford Creek. These resist works on the Tidal Thames, between be acceptable provided that there is no proposals were part of wider regeneration initiatives. Teddington and Crayford Marshes, that cause alternative and they would not have any The mouth of the Beverley Brook is currently poorly enroachment where these, individually or adverse impact on the ecological interest and maintained and managed and is in need of cumulatively, may lead to one or more of the storage capacity of the River or damage local regeneration to realise its nature conservation and following: landscape character or archaeological heritage or reduce opportunities for river recreational potential. ■ Reduced storage volume of the river; based recreational pursuits. Other than in The riverbanks of the Wandle Delta are still ■ Change to the flow of the river causing damage exceptional circumstances all other forms of awaiting development. There is concern however to the flood defences, foreshore, banks and encroachment will be resisted. In any case in expressed by the Environment Agency that the fisheries; which the principle of encroachment is weir has caused siltation and that this has led to accepted, the developer will be expected to the smothering of important fish spawning gravels ■ Reduced access to the river and its flood conduct appropriate surveys and design any at the confluence with the Thames. defences; works to mitigate their effect and compensate Policy Recommendation RC17: Feasibility ■ Loss of, or damage to, river habitats; for any harm. studies should be undertaken to assess the potential implications and benefits of ■ Reduced river corridor open space and modifying the control structures and heavily damage to local landscape character; engineered banks at the mouths of the ■ Pollution entering the wider environment; Beverley Brook and River Wandle to return them to a more natural condition.

3.17 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea

River Impact Statement ■ Impact on the use of the river for water-based recreation The preparation of a "River Impact Statement" has been advocated as a requirement of all significant ■ The impact on navigation and need to maintain waterfront redevelopment proposals. This would safe navigation. ensure that new schemes, including river The preparation of a River Impact Statement may infrastructure such as piers and jetties, go through be inappropriate in respect of smaller scale a rigorous process to determine their impact on the waterfront and river-related infrastructure Thames. This would complement the Design development. There will therefore be a requirement Statement to accompany applications proposed by to establish suitable categories and thresholds for Government's "Strategic Planning Guidance for the development which would require a River Impact River Thames", which is primarily concerned with Statement. urban design issues. The River Impact Statement would address the following topics: Policy Recommendation RC19: River Impact Statements should be prepared for all new ■ Encroachment on the tidal foreshore significant waterfront development schemes ■ The storage volume of the river and river infrastructure to ensure they are sensitive to the river, and river use, and have a ■ The velocity and flow of the river relationship with it subject to the definition of appropriate thresholds for development. ■ Water quality and the release of pollutants

■ Impact on inter-tidal ecological habitats

■ Impact on landscape character and visual amenity

■ Impact on archaeology and industrial heritage

■ The integrity or stability of flood defences

■ Wind effects, particularly on sailing activities

■ Shadowing effects on the amenity of the riverside walk and on the biodiversity and nature conservation interests of the river

3.18 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

3.19 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea

HERITAGE AND Criteria for the evaluation of tall buildings stated by Archaeology and Ancient CABE and English Heritage in their draft guidelines Monuments (CABE/English Heritage June 2001) in relation to CONSERVATION conservation of the historic environment include: The entire cultural landscape of the River Thames is of archaeological interest and the river itself is an The effect on the whole existing environment, archaeological resource. The archaeology of the including the need to ensure that the proposal will study area is vast, diverse and complex and the Context conserve or not damage or detract from: scale of the study area and its continual Three of the overall objectives which guide the ■ Scheduled Ancients Monuments and their development means that there is archaeological Strategic Planning Guidance for the River Thames settings evidence for the span of human civilisation in (RPG3B/9B) with regard to the built environment Britain. are: ■ Listed buildings and their settings, including the backdrops to landmark buildings RPG3B/9B states that the archaeological interest ■ To secure a special quality for all new of the Thameside area: development on the River and riverside, ■ Conservation areas and their settings appropriate to its context, and to improve the ‘…reflects the important role of the River in ■ Archaeology existing townscape; determining settlement patterns and land uses over a long historic period, as well as a ■ Historic park, gardens, landscapes and their ■ To protect and enhance historic buildings, settings changing waterfront.’ sites and structures, landscapes, skylines and Within the Thames Policy Area, which incorporates views of importance; ■ World Heritage Sites and their buffer zones the study area, RPG3B/9B states that local ■ To protect important archaeological remains. The CABE/English Heritage document Building in planning authorities should: Context - New Development in Historic Areas, on In order to achieve these objectives riparian good design in historic contexts also has a role in ‘recognise the importance of the river and its planning authorities have adopted policies in their guiding planning decisions within historic areas environs as an archaeological resource and development plans in accordance with RPG3B/9B, along the Thames. adopt appropriate policies in their development and other Planning Policy Guidance namely plans in accordance with PPG 16.’ PPG15: Planning and the Historic Environment and The subject areas below should not be viewed as PPG16 Archaeology and Planning. The purpose of distinct groups as they are interrelated, and should The archaeological resource of the study area has these policies in relation to the River Thames and also be considered in relation to issues and policy had little comprehensive assessment and as a its riverside is to: recommendations relating to Views and result, there is inadequate baseline information to Landmarks, and Landscape and Open Space. guide informed management and development ‘Conserve and enhance the character of the decisions. natural and historic environments’ The Thames foreshore is a significant archaeological area. RPG3B/9B states that:

3.20 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

‘The foreshore and riverbed, where remains ■ develop strategic and co-ordinated Officer, to start with possibly by extending the can be well preserved because they are approaches to compiling and maintaining brief of an existing Archaeological Officer, waterlogged and/or deeply buried, are a baseline information on the with the view to this eventually being an particularly important archaeological resource.’ archaeological resource of the Thames independent role. and its environs. However, the foreshore is not currently identified as Scheduled Ancient Monuments are recognised as an Archaeological Priority Area in all Local ■ review existing development policies and being of national importance and are statutorily Authority Area designations. the designation of archaeology areas in protected under the Ancient Monuments and consideration of a One Thames: One Archaeological Areas Act 1979. There is one PPG16: Archaeology and Planning advises that: Policy approach to the management, Scheduled Ancient Monument in the Study Area - ‘Planning authorities may wish to base their identification and protection of the Fulham Palace Moated site, this includes the detailed development plan policies and archaeological resource. grounds within the former moat of Fulham Palace. As a managed site open to the public, it is a well proposals on an evaluation of the ■ ■ consistently regard the Thames foreshore kept secret, favoured by locals. archaeological remains in their area.’ as an Archaeological Priority Area. Statutory protection does not necessarily secure Development control and archaeology within the Archaeological bodies with involvement in the London Boroughs is managed through the Unitary the preservation of an ancient monument. It is archaeological resource of the study area have often essential to develop a management plan and Development Plans (UDPs) and the designation of different remits and agenda. The provision of Archaeological Priority Areas. The Boroughs have carry out regular maintenance. The London archaeological advice by an external body - English Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham have recently adopted the general policy that archaeology is a Heritage - may mean that there is a lack of material consideration in the planning process and prepared a draft Conservation Plan for Fulham ownership of archaeological issues at a Borough Palace. where possible preservation in situ is a preferred level, and an absence of a united professional front option. However, the identification, designation and and vehicle for discussion on strategic issues. Policy Recommendation HC3: Local authorities level of protection for archaeological remains is There is at present little communication between and other appropriate bodies should consider inconsistent between the Boroughs, yet the these bodies, resulting in very little close assisting with identifying, implementing and archaeological resource is not bounded by involvement in managing and monitoring the where appropriate maintaining management administrative boundaries. Known archaeological archaeological resource at a macro level. The and conservation policies for Scheduled remains in one area often provide indicators for appointment of a Thames Strategy Archaeological Ancient Monuments. archaeological remains in other areas. Officer would be subject to the identification of Policy Recommendation HC1: Consideration necessary resources. Industrial Heritage should be given to the potential for improving Policy Recommendation HC2: Local authorities Industrial heritage sites demonstrate the Thames archaeological information, identification and and English Heritage should consider the as a working system and its exploitation on a consistency. Local authorities should: potential for the appointment of an massive scale. Industries were often strategically independent Thames Strategy Archaeological located at interchanges between road, rail and river

3.21 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea transport providing links to areas on a national Industrial heritage sites are not currently ■ Chelsea Wharf scale. River transport and haulage systems in the recognised as being of historic importance in the ■ Broomhouse Drawdock form of the Tow Path, barge beds and crane bases, Local Authorities UDPs. Their locations along the as well as boat yards and wharves demonstrate the riverfront can provide significant opportunities for re- ■ Queens Wharf Drawdock evolution of the Thames as a communications establishing relationships with the river, ■ Battersea Power Station Frontage route. This era also saw dramatic changes to enhancement of the river frontages, developing development styles and the functions of buildings riverside activities, encouraging cross-river links It would be necessary to give consideration to on the river. The Tow Path itself is an important and commercial use of the river. appropriate sources of funding including developer linear archaeological feature. contributions. Plaques could record the old names Policy Recommendation HC4: UDPs should be of former wharves. The decline in the industrial use of the river has reviewed and updated to reflect the industrial resulted in the loss of the majority of established significance of the river and its Tow Path, and Policy Recommendation HC5: In order to riverside wharves and dominant industrial buildings to identify industrial heritage sites. The promote industrial heritage restoration and and transport infrastructures. The links to the identification of suitable land uses for design quality, local authorities and other riverside created by the use of the river to this development sites should take into account appropriate bodies should: extreme have since been lost. The perceptual the historic context. ■ aim to restore, in partnership with riparian barriers created during this era by developments, owners, historic elements including the such as Lots Power Station, on the river edge as The quality and dominance of industrial buildings Tow Path, wharves, jetties, cranes, well as the social associations that divorced the on this stretch of the river provide key landmarks drawdocks, steps and stairs, etc. river from its riversides, however, predominantly still and cultural significance to the study area that can remain. be used to influence development and enhance the industrial setting. A recent example is the proposed redevelopment of Battersea Power Station.

Key areas and features of the industrial heritage that have been identified for enhancement by this study are:

■ Barnes River Wall

■ Mortlake Brewery

■ Mortlake River Wall

■ Imperial Gas works and Dock

■ Lots Road Power Station Mortlake Brewery Sir Giles Gilbert Scott’s Battersea Power Station

3.22 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

■ provide further design guidance and Conservation Area profiles are undertaken by the townscape quality of Conservation Areas has, examples of high quality existing riparian Local Authorities although the processes however, been less well protected and enhanced industrial architecture and design for and products of these are not consistent and some than the historic fabric. planned and potential development of are out of date. The effectiveness of good planning Much of the loss to the townscape quality is industrial sites to enhance the industrial related within and around Conservation Areas is related to: setting of the river. affected by local authority boundaries because of a lack of a coherent and consistent policy to ■ transportation and the dominance of vehicular Conservation Areas assessment and designation. traffic; ■ introduction of standardised treatment on A Conservation Area is designated by the Borough RPG3B/9B requires Local Planning Authorities to grounds of safety and convenience since the Councils as being: consider the extension of Conservation Area boundaries to the centre line of the river. Second World War. ‘ an area of special architectural or historical Conservation Area boundaries should also take Policy Recommendation HC7: Measures should interest the character of which it is desirable account of river related Industrial heritage such as be taken to control the impact of traffic on the to preserve or enhance.’ the inclusion of industrial buildings, wharves, historic fabric. Local authorities in consultation docks, cranes, infrastructures and the Tow Path. with other appropriate bodies should: Conservation Areas are statutorily protected under the Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Policy Recommendation HC6: Measures should ■ Identify areas for traffic management Areas) Act 1990. be implemented to improve cross-boundary improvements and fully integrate Conservation Area consistency. conservation policies with other policies The strategic, recreational and aesthetic Where Conservation Areas are affected by for the area, such as: traffic management, importance of the river to the history of London local authority boundaries, local authorities shopping and public open spaces; means that a large number of Conservation Areas should be consistent in their development of are located along the banks of the River Thames. ■ Identify areas where potential traffic Conservation Area profiles, establish There are 22 Conservation Areas in the study area growth would increasingly have a consistent methodologies and mechanisms for relating to the Thameside corridor, designated detrimental impact on the townscape maintaining and reviewing Conservation Area since the Civic Amenities Act 1967. Those fronting quality and historic character of boundaries, their nature and character and the river comprise approximately 50% of the study Conservation Areas. seek to establish consistent standards for area’s total river frontage. They are unevenly designation and review as set out in PPG15 distributed across the 5 riparian Boroughs and The townscape quality of Conservation Areas has and in accordance with guidance from English across the north and south banks. This distribution most recently been affected by the; Heritage. relates to the pattern of built development ■ nature and form of major new development; principally during the growth of London and its The legislative basis of Conservation Area villages west of the central area in the 17th, 18th, 19th designation has been relatively effective in ■ trends for increases in height and bulk of new and 20th centuries. promoting the protection of important groups of developments buildings and their historic built fabric. The

3.23 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea

In seeking to promote improvements to townscape ■ architectural quality and local Authorities have often failed to be implemented due quality, the impetus that historic character can give distinctiveness; to lack of funding and reliance on development to regeneration should be fully assessed. activity. Section 106 agreements are seen as ■ regard to UDP urban design policies; providing the greatest opportunity for positive Policy Recommendation HC8: Measures should ■ regard to supplementary design guidance; conservation enhancement in the Study Area. It will be implemented to secure greater consistency be necessary to identify mechanisms and of cross Borough Conservation Area controls. ■ sustainability checklists; resources for securing Conservation Area Local authorities should consider the enhancement. character of adjoining conservation areas, ■ environmental statements; particularly across Borough boundaries and ■ biodiversity issues; Policy Recommendation HC11: Local require all significant waterfront development authorities in consultation with other proposals to be accompanied by Design ■ universal accessibility and security issues; appropriate bodies should: Statements to demonstrate how they have ■ regard to existing river uses and facilities; ■ taken into account the height, scale and form identify areas and proposals for of the new development within and adjacent ■ provision of new river access, uses and Conservation Area enhancement aimed at to Conservation Areas, in respect of the related facilities. improving the setting of buildings and townscape quality, historic setting and fabric. sites and improving the presentation and Policy Recommendation HC10/VL7: Local appreciation of historic fabric. New developments in the study area (both recent authorities should incorporate policies in UDPs ■ and planned) although distinctive are not to ensure that the setting, skyline and as part of the policy for the Conservation necessarily enhancing the historic river setting or backdrop of historical waterfronts and river Areas, seek to secure additional respecting the setting of Conservation Areas. (See settings are fully taken into account in Conservation Area enhancement funds as also ‘View and Landmarks: Historic Waterfront and determining planning applications in respect part of Section 106 agreements and from Skylines’). Part of the reason for this apparent of new development, including the potential other funding bodies. impacts of proposals for high buildings. insensitivity may relate to a lack of relevant ■ ensure streetscape materials, furniture strategic and detailed guidance. Another aspect Under PPG15 and Government policy for and finishes along the Thames Path and may relate to the lack of adequate information Conservation Areas, Local Authorities have the adjoining public spaces conform to design which is submitted as part of planning applications responsibility to: standards appropriate to Conservation to demonstrate the ‘before’ and ‘after’ impact of Area status. Policies outlined in the development on Conservation Areas historic ‘Formulate and publish proposals for the English Heritage document Streets for All waterfronts and River panoramas. preservation and enhancement of can provide valuable advice. Conservation Areas’ Policy Recommendation HC9: Local authorities This study has identified the following Conservation should require all significant development However, specific Conservation Area improvement Areas as providing potential opportunities for proposals to be accompanied by Design proposals prepared and published by Local conservation and enhancement of historic Statements to show: townscapes (Figure 3.1).

3.24 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

■ Cheyne Walk and Chelsea Embankment structures within the study area has been generally on planning and Listed Buildings, the Local well maintained and enhanced. Many types of Authorities maintain strong UDP policies relating to ■ Putney Embankment historic buildings and structures fulfil valuable uses new developments and historic buildings. ■ Hammersmith Malls as originally intended or adapted for alternative use and only a small number are on the English RPG3B /9B (Para 3.24) states that in regard to all ■ Chiswick Mall Heritage Buildings at Risk Register. Sometimes it significant development proposals, local planning authorities should ensure that developers: ■ Strand on the Green Riverside is appropriate and exciting to see different periods of development together. The important point is that ‘prepare design statements to accompany ■ Barnes/Mortlake Riverside the quality of new design must be good. applications which include an assessment of scale, Listed Buildings The issues relating to the loss of integrity of the mass, height, silhouette, density, layout, materials setting of Listed Buildings are similar to those and colour in relation to local landmarks and There are almost 500 Listed Buildings in the study affecting Conservation Areas. RPG3B/9B historic building and structures’ area designated since the Historic Buildings and recognises that a function of the Thames is the Policy Recommendation HC12: Local Ancient Monuments Act 1953. Their uneven provision of a distinctive setting for development authorities should reinforce and implement distribution across the study area reflects the and that: their UDP policies on the impact of new preference of particular locations for elite developments on historic buildings, their residences and institutions principally during the ‘The significance of the setting is emphasised by settings and strategic views, with greater growth of London and its villages west of the central the number of buildings of historic and national insistence on the preparation of three area in the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. importance.’ dimensional studies as part of a detailed The historic fabric of the Listed Buildings and In accordance with PPG 15 and Government policy visual appraisal. Some historic settings have been compromised by post-war development that has not taken account of the local context and the need to protect scale and setting (see also Views and Landmarks: Churches and Religious Buildings)

Policy Recommendation HC13/VL3: Local authorities in consultation with other appropriate bodies and riparian owners should consider in the medium to long term the opportunity to improve the setting of historic buildings, including the possible redevelopment of opportunity sites to protect Strand-on-the-Green and enhance historic settings.

3.25 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea

Within the study area there are also buildings of Historic Parks and Gardens local merit referred to as Locally Listed Buildings or Features of Townscape Merit. These have been The River’s limited public recreational role, mainly identified as being of historic importance by local for private houses began to alter with the creation of amenity groups assisted by local authority ornamental riverside parks and gardens from the Conservation Officers, although the methods of 18th century. recognising and recording local lists of buildings English Heritage’s Register of Historic Parks and vary significantly between boroughs. Gardens designates historic parks and gardens Policy Recommendation HC14: The along the same grading system as Listed involvement of local amenity groups in the buildings. There are fourteen Historic Parks and identification and recording of buildings of Gardens on the English Heritage register within or local merit should be encouraged. closely related to the study area:

There are 13 bridges spanning the Thames in the Battersea Bridge built by Sir Joseph Bazalgette ■ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in the late 1880’s study area, many of which have experienced ■ different phases of design, detail and construction. Many bridges are of historical and architectural The study has identified the following historic ■ Chiswick House and Grounds interest in terms of design, construction and bridges and historic railway bridges for conservation association and are important landmarks in their and restoration: own rights. RPG3B/9B states that: ■ Grosvenor Railway Bridge ‘Enhancing and maintaining the visual ■ Albert Bridge appearance of London’s bridges is important to improving the River scene.’ ■ Battersea Bridge

■ Policy Recommendation HC15/VL4: Railtrack Hammersmith Bridge and Transport for London should work with ■ Battersea Rail Bridge local authorities and English Heritage, in ■ Putney Rail Bridge consultation with the Port of London Authority, to consider improvements to historic road and ■ Putney Bridge railway bridges, including necessary ■ Barnes Railway Bridge conservation, illumination, painting and improved facilities for pedestrians and cyclists. ■ Kew Railway Bridge Chelsea Physic Garden with a statue of its benefactor Sir Hans Sloane

3.26 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

■ Fulham Palace Garden and Bishop’s Park The treatment of historic parks and gardens Cultural Associations addresses complex issues that cover a range of ■ Wandsworth Park different interest groups and specialisms. Cultural associations document the historical ■ Battersea Park significance of a place, provide clues to the Policy Recommendation HC16: Following the strategic and aesthetic sites along the River, and ■ Chelsea Physic Garden recommendations of Boroughs open space the significance of historical events. ■ Hogarth’s House strategies, key stakeholders should seek in partnership to develop policies for strategic In the study area, cultural associations can be ■ Strawberry House managed approaches to the conservation and traced historically back to events such as the ■ Walpole House restoration of historic parks and gardens and Synod in Chelsea held by Offa, King of the where appropriate, the reinstatement of visual Mercians in 787AD. The Domesday Book provides ■ 100, Cheyne Walk and physical connections to the river. clues to the origin of place names and the ■ Brompton Cemetery development of early settlements, such as Putney ■ St Luke’s Gardens derived from ‘Putta’s landing place’. There are numerous royal associations with places along the ■ Royal Hospital, Chelsea and Ranelagh River and many structures are associated with Gardens famous people, such as the design of Chelsea Royal Hospital by Christopher Wren in 1682 to The management and conservation of these public 1689 and the occupation of the former areas involve a variety of stakeholders. Some, Brandenburgh House, Hammersmith by Queen such as Battersea Park, are currently subject to Caroline of Brunswick. lottery funded restoration management plans. Other distinguished residents include: The promenade at Duke’s Meadow (1920s) and Furnival Gardens (1951) are also of historic interest ■ Dylan Thomas, Nancy Mitford and the painter but are not included on the register. Similarly, the Johann Zoffany at Strand on the Green; grounds of Hurlingham House. ■ Gustav Holst, the composer at Barnes The effect of proposed development on a historic Terrace; park or garden or its setting is a material consideration in the determination of planning ■ William Hogarth, Lord Burlington and William applications. The conservation of the heritage Kent are all buried in St Nicholas’s Chiswick; significance of the historic parks and gardens and ■ The Redgrave acting dynasty lived at Bedford their riverside or inland setting requires strategic House, Chiswick Mall; management approaches to be developed and implemented for the short and long term. This has not been addressed in RPG3B/9B.

3.27 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea

■ William Morris had his printing press and design workshop at Kelmscott House, Hammersmith Mall;

■ Oscar Wilde, George Eliot and Thomas Carlyle all lived on or near the River in Chelsea;

■ Thomas More’s house and Henry VIII’s old Chelsea Manor at Cheyne Walk.

There are also important twentieth century cultural associations including Craven Cottage as the home The Last Supper by John Zoffany Sir Thomas More by Rubens of Fulham Football Club and the Peace Pagoda in Battersea Park.

RPG3B/9B states that Local Planning Authorities should:

“adopt policies in their development plans to identify and protect important structures associated with the River and its history’’

It will be necessary to identify appropriate mechanisms and resources for the provision of interpretation facilities in the study area.

Policy Recommendation HC17: The key cultural associations of people, events and places should be identified and strategies prepared to connect and interpret historic places, people and events through the study area and its wider environs as part of the local cultural Sir Thomas More, his family and servants ~ strategies to be prepared by local authorities. a sketch of a now lost painting

3.28 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

3.29 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

The English Heritage/CABE draft document landscape or townscape including visually VIEWS AND Guidance on Tall Buildings (2001) sets out their prominent historic landmarks.” criteria for the evaluation of tall buildings, these The only Strategic View to cross the Thames LANDMARKS include: between Kew and Chelsea is the view from Henry The effect on the whole existing environment, VIII Mound in to St Paul’s Cathedral. Context including the need to ensure that the proposal will The viewing cone crosses the river at Putney conserve or not damage or detract from: Embankment on the south bank, within the London One of the overall objectives which guide Borough of Wandsworth and Bishop’s Park on the Government planning policy (RPG3B/9B) in respect ■ Other open spaces, including rivers, their north bank, within the London Borough of of the built environment of the Thames is the need settings and views from them Hammersmith and Fulham. to: ■ Other important views, prospects and Policy Recommendation VL1: Strategic Views Protect and enhance historic buildings, panoramas should be incorporated in Unitary Development sites, structures, skylines and views of Plan Proposals Maps and policies included in Views of the river from surrounding areas at ground importance. the Plan to protect the Strategic View from level are not extensive, because of the generally flat Richmond Park to St Paul’s Cathedral in line An analysis of key landmarks and views of topography. This results in a relatively tightly drawn with the 1991 Supplementary Guidance particular sensitivity and importance has already “visual envelope” which in places only extends to (RPG3A) and the accompanying Directions and been undertaken by the Environment Agency’s the immediate riverside walk. any other relevant guidelines which may be “Tidal Thames – Landscape Assessment and produced in the future. Design Guidelines” and in the Thames Strategy Strategic Views (Source: Strategic Planning Advice on High Buildings and (Government Office for London 1995). Since 1999 Strategic Views in London, LPAC 1999) strategic policy has been provided by “Strategic The LPAC Advice and the Mayor’s Interim Planning Advice on High Buildings and Strategic Guidance differentiates between Strategic Views of Views in London” (LPAC, November 1999). St Paul’s Cathedral and the Palace of Westminster The Mayor of London has commissioned a full Although the LPAC Advice still stands, the London and Important Local Views, Panoramas and review of the strategic views and will introduce Mayor has published Interim Strategic Planning Prospects. appropriate policies in the draft London Plan. The Guidance on Tall Buildings, Strategic Views and The protection of the ten statutory Strategic Views Mayor may seek changes to the statutory the Skyline in London (October 2001) to provide has been in operation since 1991 (RPG3A). The Directions following consultation, however in the clarification and to reflect his recent thinking on criteria under which the views of St Paul’s Cathedral meantime the existing Directions will apply. these issues. The London Plan, when published, and the Palace of Westminster are designated are: will supersede the LPAC Advice and Interim “Views of national significance from well-known Guidance. Important local river-related views were public places, cherished by both Londoners also identified in the GLC “Thames-side Guidelines” and visitors, and featuring an exceptional (GLC 1986).

3.30 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

Important Local Views, Important Local Views Panoramas and Prospects Important Local Views are views from specific viewpoints to specific landmarks. Many of the river- In RPG3B/9B the Government urged Borough related views identified are either along, across, or Councils to protect “important local views” by from the Thames. The protection of these Important showing them on their UDP Proposals Maps. This Local Views will require inter-Borough co-operation. has been partly achieved in preparation of UDPs. The setting and backdrop of the landmark in many cases needs to be protected by designation from Planning Policies Views the adverse impact of development, and in some Local Authority relating to Views Identified cases the viewpoint itself needs to be protected. and Landmarks The following table lists Important Local Views London Borough of Richmond upon Thames ENV4 Only on proposals identified during this or earlier studies, and their plan, not in text. current status within UDP’s.

London Borough of Hounslow ENV-B.2.8 Yes

London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham EN31/6 EN31/14 Yes

London Borough of Wandsworth TBE15, TBE19, Yes TBE20, R11, R13

Royal Borough of Kensington & Chelsea CD31, CD1, CD1X Yes

Important local view: Hammersmith Mall, from opposite bank

3.31 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

Important Local View Character Identified in UDP Important Local View Character Identified in UDP Reach Reach

Strand on the Green and Oliver’s Island from Kew 1 LB Hounslow St Mary’s Church, Putney, from Putney Bridge and 5 Bridge Bishop’s Park Strand on the Green from Kew Railway Bridge 1 LB Hounslow Putney Bridge from Bishop’s Park river walk 5 LB Hammersmith & Fulham Strand on the Green from the Kew Tow Path 1 LB Hounslow The grounds of the Hurlingham Club from the 5/6 LB Hammersmith & Fulham footpath across Putney Railway Bridge Kew Railway Bridge from the Kew Tow Path 1 LB Hounslow The grounds of the Hurlingham Club from the river 6 LB Hammersmith & Fulham Mortlake Church from Duke’s Meadow and the river 2 and Wandsworth Park Barnes Railway Bridge from the Mortlake Tow Path 2 LB Hounslow Battersea Railway Bridge from Imperial Wharf 6/7 The view to Mortlake High Street and Duke’s Meadow 2 LB Richmond-upon-Thames Belvedere Tower, Chelsea Harbour from river and 6/7 from the Mortlake Tow Path opposite bank Duke’s Meadow and bandstand from Barnes Terrace 2 LB Richmond-upon-Thames St Mary’s Church, Battersea and Montevetro from 7 Barnes Terrace from Duke’s Meadow bandstand 2 the river and Chelsea Harbour Corney Reach and Chiswick Pier from Tow Path next to 3 Lots Road Power Station from the river and St 7 LB Wandsworth Lonsdale Road Reservoir Mary’s Church Battersea The South Bank from Church Street and Chiswick 3 Moored houseboats and Cheyne Walk from the river 7 Drawdock Chelsea Old Church (All Saints) from the river and 7 LB Kensington & Chelsea St Nicholas Church and Chiswick Mall from the river and 3 LB Hounslow Chelsea Embankment opposite bank Battersea Bridge from Chelsea Harbour 7 Chiswick Eyot from river and Tow Path on opposite side 3 LB Richmond-upon-Thames Albert Bridge from Chelsea Embankment 7 Hammersmith Upper and Lower Mall including moored 3 LB Hammersmith & Fulham Albert Bridge from Albion Wharf Embankment 7 boats, from the river and opposite bank Chelsea Embankment Crosby Hall site from Albion 7 Hammersmith Bridge from Upper and Lower Mall 3 LB Hammersmith & Fulham Wharf Embankment St Paul’s Church, Hammersmith from the south bank LB Hammersmith & Fulham Buddhist Pagoda, Battersea Park, from Chelsea 7 Harrod’s Depository from riverside walk on opposite 4 Embankment bank Chelsea Royal Hospital from Battersea Park and 7 LB Wandsworth The Hammersmith and Fulham skyline from the elevated Chelsea Bridge hides in the Wetland Centre Chelsea Waterworks from Chelsea Bridge 7 LB Wandsworth Bishop’s Park from the river and Putney Embankment 5 LB Hammersmith & Fulham Battersea Power Station from Chelsea Embankment 7 Fulham Palace from Bishop’s Park 5 Battersea Power Station from Chelsea Bridge and 7/8 LB Wandsworth All Saints Church, Fulham, from Putney Bridge and 5 LB Wandsworth Grosvenor Railway Bridge Embankment Battersea Power Station from Grosvenor Road 8 LB Wandsworth

3.32 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

Important Local Panoramas are, like the Important Local Prospects Strategic and Important Local Views, taken from specific viewpoints, but encompass longer viewing Important Local Prospects Character Current Status Reach distances and broad vistas and are usually across central London from the surrounding low-lying hills The view from Kew Bridge downstream to Strand on the Green, 1 Added to the Revised Deposit and ridges to the north and south. Examples of Oliver’s Island, Kew Railway Bridge and the Kew Tow Path Version of Hounslow’s UDP views in this category would be the famous views of The view from Strand on the Green and to the 1 the Thames from Richmond Hill and Greenwich wooded Tow Path on the opposite bank Park. The lack of high ground overlooking the river between Kew and Chelsea prevents there being The view from Strand on the Green at Kew Railway Bridge 1/2 downstream to Chiswick Bridge any Important Local Panoramas within the study area. The view from Chiswick Bridge upstream to the tower of the 1/2 Identified as a Strategic Viewpoint in LB Steam Museum at Brentford, Grove Park and the Kew Tow Path Hounslow UDP Important Local Prospects are less specific in terms of both the viewpoint and the objective, and The view from Chiswick Bridge downstream to Thamesbank, 2 Identified as a Strategic Viewpoint in LB often give 180° or wider views. Views in this Mortlake Brewery and Duke’s Meadow Hounslow UDP category include those from: bridges over the River The view from the Mortlake Tow Path and Barnes Terrace to 2 Identified as a view in LB Richmond- Thames; the Embankments and other places along Duke’s Meadow upon-Thames UDP the Thames Path National Trail; and views from within riverside parks. Viewing distances in The view from Barnes Bridge to the London Eye 2 comparison to Panoramas are relatively short and The view from Chiswick and Hammersmith Malls to the wooded 3 Identified as important local view in many cases are over water or open space. The Tow Path on the opposite bank LB Hammersmith & Fulham UDP important views of the wooded Tow Path, which extends along the southern bank of the river The view from Hammersmith Bridge upstream to Upper and 3 Identified as an important local view LB Lower Mall and the wooded towpath on the southern bank Hammersmith & Fulham UDP between Kew and Putney, have been included in this category. The view from Hammersmith Bridge downstream along 3/4 Fulham Reach and to Barn Elms The following table lists Important Local Prospects identified during this study and their current status The view from the riverside walk along Fulham Reach to the Tow 4 within UDP’s. P ath, Wetlands Centre and Barn Elms Playing Fields on the opposite bank

The view from the 400 metre long riverside walkway within 5 Identified as an important local view Bishop’s Park to Putney Embankment and its boathouses LB Hammersmith & Fulham UDP

The view from Putney Bridge upstream to Bishop’s Park and 5/4 Barn Elms

3.33 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

The original LPAC criteria for the designation of Important Local Prospects Character Current Status Reach Important Local Views, Panoramas and Prospects are set out below. An Important Local View, The view from Putney Bridge downstream to Putney 5/6 Identified as an important local view Railway Bridge, the Hurlingham Club and in LB Hammersmith & Fulham UDP Prospect or Panorama should: Wandsworth Park ■ Contribute significantly to the image and built The view from Wandsworth Bridge upstream to the 6 Identified as an important local view environment of London and to the enjoyment Wandle Delta and in LB Wandsworth UDP of London by Londoners and by visitors;

The view from Wandsworth Bridge downstream to 6/7 Identified as an important local view ■ Be seen from a publicly accessible viewpoint the Battersea Railway Bridge, Chelsea Harbour and in LB Wandsworth UDP or area; Montevetro ■ Be well known and visited or have the potential The view upstream from Battersea Bridge to 7 Identified as an important local view to do so; Cadogan Pier, Lots Road Power Station, Chelsea in LB Wandsworth UDP ■ Harbour and Montevetro Be from a specific identified viewpoint (or in the case of a Prospect, from a specified area) The view downstream from Battersea Bridge to 7 Identified as an important local view to an identified landmark or panorama. Albert Bridge, Cheyne Walk, Chelsea Embankment in LB Wandsworth UDP and Battersea Park Policy Recommendation VL2: Local planning Identified as an important local view authorities should: The view from Albert Bridge upstream to Battersea 7 in LB Wandsworth UDP Bridge, Lots Road Power Station and Cheyne Walk ■ Identify Important Local Views and Identified as an important local view Prospects in UDPs, and take account of The view from Albert Bridge downstream to 7/8 in LB Wandsworth UDP Battersea Park, Chelsea Embankment, Battersea them when considering development Power Station and the skyline of central London proposals. Appropriate policies should be included to enhance these views, the The view from Battersea Park of the river, Chelsea 7 setting of landmarks and to ensure public Embankment, the Royal Hospital and Ranelagh access to the viewpoint. Where Gardens appropriate this should be carried out The view from Chelsea Bridge upstream to Albert 7 Identified as an important local view jointly with adjacent and affected local Bridge, Battersea Park and the Peace Pagoda, the in LB Wandsworth UDP planning authorities. Royal Hospital and Chelsea Embankment ■ Consult on all development proposals The view from Chelsea Bridge downstream to the 7/8 Identified as an important local view within identified viewing cones with Grosvenor Railway bridge, the London Eye, in LB Wandsworth UDP appropriate local planning authorities, Battersea Power Station, and the skyline of central London English Heritage and GLA.

3.34 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

Both policies are taken from “Strategic Planning Policy Recommendation VL3: In the medium to Advice on High Buildings and Strategic Views in long term the opportunity should be taken London” (LPAC, 1999). through redevelopment to restore the visual connection between historic churches and the Landmarks River.

The built landmarks between Kew and Chelsea fall Road and Railway Bridges into four main categories: The eight road bridges and five railway bridges that ■ Churches and religious buildings cross the river between Kew and Chelsea are key landmarks and focal points of activity. They are ■ Road and railway bridges also the main viewpoints for the “Important Local St Mary’s Church, Battersea ■ Industrial buildings Prospects” which are enjoyed by commuters, residents and visitors to London. The road bridges ■ New landmark buildings. The settings of the following riverside churches and religious buildings should be protected and are heavily used particularly at rush hour when they Churches and Religious Buildings enhanced. are frequently jammed with queuing traffic. The railway bridges provide some of the best elevated The steeples and towers of the historic Parish ■ St Mary’s Church, Mortlake views of the river. Churches are important local landmarks, but are ■ St Nicholas Church, Chiswick small in terms of relative scale, often only visible from within individual character reaches. They ■ St Peter’s, Hammersmith provide the focus of the historic riverside settlements at Mortlake, Chiswick, Hammersmith, ■ St Paul’s Church, Hammersmith Fulham, Putney, Battersea and Chelsea. The ■ Fulham Palace (former Bishop’s Palace) settings of many of the parish churches have been affected by post-war development which has failed ■ All Saints Church, Fulham to take full account of the local context and the need to protect the scale, silhouette and skyline of ■ St Mary’s Church, Putney the churches, for example, Mortlake (Stag ■ St Mary’s Church, Battersea Brewery); Fulham (Bridge House); Putney (ICL Tower); and Battersea (Somerset Estate and ■ All Saints Church, Chelsea Montevetro). ■ Buddhist Pagoda, Battersea Park Hammersmith Bridge

3.35 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

Details of bridges are given in the following Table. This includes new footways and the replacement of street lighting with columns and lanterns which match the Edwardian style of the original Date of Listed Name Architect/Engineer construction. Construction Status Policy Recommendation VL4: Transport for Kew 1903 Sir John Wolfe Barry Grade II London, Local Authorities, and English Kew Railway Bridge 1864-69 WR Galbraith Grade II Heritage in consultation with the Port of London Authority should consider further Chiswick 1933 Sir Herbert Baker Not listed improvements to road bridges including Barnes Railway Bridge 1846-49 Joseph Locke and JE Ermington Grade II necessary illumination, painting, enhancement of the public realm, the 1891-95 Edward Andrews interpretation of Important Local Prospects. Hammersmith 1883-87 Sir Joseph Bazalgette Grade II Railtrack and Transport for London, in Putney 1882-86 Sir Joseph Bazalgette Grade II consultation with the Port of London Authority, should work with local authorities and English Putney Railway Bridge 1887-89 William Jacob and WS Thomas Not listed Heritage to consider improvements to the Wandsworth 1936-40 Sir T Pierson Not listed historic railway bridges, including necessary illumination, painting and additional and Battersea Railway Bridge 1861-63 William Baker Not listed improved facilities for pedestrians and cyclists. Battersea 1886-90 Sir Joseph Bazalgette Grade II Industrial Buildings Albert 1871-73 Rowland Ordish Grade II* Chelsea 1934-37 Rendel Palmer and Tritton Not listed The decline of the river as a trade highway, and changes in industry and energy production have Grosvenor Railway Bridge 1963-67 Freeman Fox Not listed resulted in the loss of riverside wharves, utilities and industrial sites. There are now fewer reminders of the “working river” and in particular, its importance for energy production and water supply. Although not listed, Putney Railway Bridge and including illumination, painting, and enhancement Wandsworth Bridge are on LB Hammersmith & of the public realm. Major refurbishments of Albert Battersea Power Station is the most easily Fulham’s Local Register of Buildings of Townscape Bridge, Hammersmith Bridge, Putney Bridge and recognisable building within the study area. Today Merit. A thematic survey of the main Thames Chelsea Bridge have been completed in the last five the building has four chimneys standing 90 metres bridges has been undertaken by English Heritage. years. A major programme of refurbishment work high, but when the station first opened in the mid- This recommended improvements to bridges has recently been mplemented for Kew Bridge. 1930’s there were only two. The coal-fired station

3.36 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations was designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, who was standpipe tower of the Kew Bridge Steam Museum, benefits of high buildings must be weighed against also responsible for the Bankside Power Station. a former waterworks, provides an important possible negative impacts. The Lots Road Power Station at the mouth of Chelsea landmark at the upstream start of the study area, Creek was the world’s largest power station when whilst the tower of the Chelsea Waterworks The Thames Strategy Study (Government Office for built in 1904. Designed by an American engineer, it Company is at the downstream end, opposite London, 1995) recommended the need for further supplies electricity to the London Underground and Battersea Power Station. local studies to assess whether a new landmark covers the site of the Cremorne Pleasure Gardens. would be appropriate to increase definition and/or These two important industrial landmarks are both Policy Recommendation VL5: Future attractiveness of the riverside between Wandsworth the subject of current development proposals. The redevelopment proposals for redundant Park and Grosvenor Bridge. Since the publication proposals are for mixed use developments that industrial buildings and structures identified as of the strategy in 1995, the Montevetro building, retain these important visual and historical land important landmarks (for example, Battersea designed by the Richard Rogers Partnership, has mark buildings. Other power stations such as at Power Station) should ensure the restoration been built on the site of the former Flour Mills at Fulham have already been redeveloped. and enhancement of the key external features Battersea. The riverside at Wandsworth, Sands of visual importance. End and Battersea is the subject of intense The relatively clean water upstream of the City of development activity: Riverside West and Albion London was pumped using massive steam-driven New Landmarks Wharf are currently under construction, and there engines to provide one of the main sources of water are detailed proposals for Gargoyle Wharf and The siting of future landmark buildings should take for the growing city. The 70 metre high square brick Point Pleasant. These developments will transform into account the Important Local Views and the skyline and character of the river downstream Prospects identified in this study, together with the from Putney. existing Strategic View from Richmond Park to St Paul’s Cathedral. The setting and skyline of historical waterfronts should also be respected. Dramatic visual statements and “landmark” buildings may be appropriate, but only in exceptional circumstances. Many of the new residential developments proposed along the river are conceived as “landmarks” and without a coherent design framework will compete with each other for attention.

Landmarks such as distinctive or higher buildings rising above areas with a more uniform profile can help to emphasise key locations. The potential Lots Road Power Station Belvedere Tower, Chelsea Harbour

3.37 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

The location of high-rise buildings on the inside and taking advantage of access and views; and These historic waterfronts form the main built outside curves of the river are especially prominent, interpreted in different centuries and scales of elements within the 22 Conservation Areas for example the Belvedere Tower at Chelsea domestic residential accommodation from 17th and between Kew and Chelsea and contain the majority Harbour and the new Montevetro building. The 18th century cottages to 19th and early 20th century of the Listed Buildings, together with Locally Listed meandering course of the river can bring mansion blocks or terraced town houses. Buildings, or Buildings of Townscape Merit. unexpected views of landmarks, particularly when travelling by boat. The majority of the buildings along these strands or When viewed from the River or the opposite bank terraces vary between 3 and 5 stories, with smaller these historical waterfronts are often seen in Policy Recommendation VL6: The siting of 2-storey cottages at Strand on the Green and 6- elevation. The presence of moored boats in the future landmark buildings should take into storey mansion blocks at Putney Embankment and foreground, for example at Lower Mall, account: the character of the reach; identified Castelnau. Brick with tiled or slate pitched roofs Hammersmith and Cadogan Pier, Chelsea adds to Important Local Views/Prospects; local are the predominant materials, often with the visual interest. The vegetated islands in the landmarks; and the setting and skyline of balconies, bays, porches and other projections River: Oliver’s Island/Strand on the Green/Chiswick historical waterfronts. They should also be enlivening the facades, for example, Barnes Eyot/ Chiswick Mall also provide a natural contrast considered in relation to existing or permitted Terrace, Lower Mall Hammersmith and Cheyne with the architectural elevations. The form and future development, to ensure a coherent and Walk. treatment of the river wall, for example the legible skyline. Developers will be required to presence of steps, timber fendering, ladders and prepare Design Statements to accompany grab chains, all contribute to the overall quality of applications, in addition to satisfying the the view. requirements of existing EIA regulations. It is important that the richness, diversity and beauty of these historical waterfronts is respected. Historic Waterfronts and In particular this requires the protection of their Skylines setting, skyline and backdrop from intrusive development. This has generally been the case but The main settlements along the river - Strand on consultation has identified the following buildings the Green, Chiswick, Mortlake, Barnes, Putney, as intrusive: Hammersmith, Fulham, Battersea and Chelsea have all evolved from Anglo-Saxon, or earlier, fishing ■ The skyline of Strand on the Green which is and farming villages. broken by the BSI Tower at Gunnersbury;

The principal distinctive feature of much of these ■ The massive bulk and chimney of the Stag historic settlements is the pattern of groupings of Brewery, together with tower blocks in buildings in terraces parallel to the River’s edge, Mortlake High Street which are visible in front of the historic Mortlake Riverside; Barnes Terrace and Railway Bridge

3.38 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

■ The Vencourt Hotel which is visible behind Lighting and others such as railway bridges being in Hammersmith Mall; darkness. The use of illuminations and lighting The Thames Strategy Study (Government Office for must take into account potential impacts on ■ The massive bulk of the Charing Cross London, 1995) identified the need for a Thames navigational safety. Hospital which has had a negative impact on Lighting Strategy within Central London. Strategic the skyline and setting of the riverside Planning Guidance set out in RPG3 also The control of light pollution is an equally important Conservation Areas within Fulham; recommends that local authorities within the issue. An essential part of the character of the ■ The Rosebank Tower which is in contrast to central reaches of the Thames Policy Area, reaches between Kew and Putney is the presence the remainder of the lower residential together with LPAC (now succeeded by the GLA), of the wooded Tow Path along the southern bank, development along Fulham Reach; should consider developing a co-ordinated lighting the large area of adjoining open space at Barn Elms Playing Fields and the Wetland Centre. On ■ strategy for the Thames. The 17-storey former ICL tower (now being the northern bank at Duke’s Meadow the London refurbished) which completely dwarfs the Within the study area there is a need for a coherent Borough of Hounslow have a policy Env-N.1.7 (A7) adjacent St Mary’s Church at Putney; lighting strategy, for example: the sensitive which seeks to control light pollution from sports ■ The Somerset Estate and more recently the illumination of road and rail bridges; important local activities. new Montevetro building which dominate St landmarks such as churches and industrial The GLA biodiversity team has produced a draft Mary’s Church and the old centre of Battersea; buildings; and areas of special character, such as historical waterfronts and embankments. At advice note which concludes that: ■ The World’s End Estate which rises above the present, there is an inconsistent approach, with Queen Anne houses lining Cheyne Walk. ‘…the potentially damaging effects of artificial some bridges such as Albert Bridge being well lit lighting outweigh the benefits to wildlife in general Policy Recommendation VL7: In the medium to terms. It is clear that a wide range of animal taxa long term the opportunity should be explored, could be affected, particularly nocturnal species, when redevelopment occurs, to consider the although it will rarely be possible in any particular possible replacement of high-rise buildings case to make hard and fast predictions as to which have been identified as being visually precise effects on any species…, it should be intrusive with new development of a different stressed that the ‘knock on’ effects may be as character which more closely respects the great or greater than the lighting itself. A cautious character of the reach. The setting, skyline approach is therefore advised, and minimising the and backdrop of historical waterfronts should use of artificial lighting is recommended, especially be protected in Unitary Development Plans in or adjoining Sites of Importance for Nature from any adverse impact caused by new Conservation or sites where vulnerable species are development, including the possible impacts known to occur’. associated with high buildings.

Illumination of Albert Bridge

3.39 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

The presence of these landscape features so close to London makes them a particularly valued resource to local residents, visitors and wildlife. It is important that these areas of Metropolitan Open Land are protected from unnecessary illumination. The intensification of sports activities, for example the introduction of floodlighting to golf driving ranges, all-weather sport pitches and stadiums all destroy the tranquillity of areas after dark. The Wetland Centre at Barn Elms is particularly sensitive to floodlighting which it has been argued affects the flight paths of birds and bats.

It is also important that illumination does not adversely affect river navigation.

Policy Recommendation VL8: A co-ordinated lighting strategy for the Thames between Kew and Chelsea should be prepared by the relevant local authorities in conjunction with English Heritage, the GLA, Port of London Authority and adjoining local authorities. This should be set within the context of a wider Thames Lighting Strategy for the central reaches of the Thames Policy Area and reflect variations in local character.

3.40 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

3.41 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

Metropolitan Open Land The Thames and its related open spaces form the LANDSCAPE AND backbone of London's open space framework (see The Local Authorities have designated areas of RPG3 Chapter 7). This is particularly the case to OPEN SPACE Metropolitan Open Land (MOL) where strategic the west of London, between Hampton and Putney. open space contributes to the structure and The River links together a number of important character of their Borough as a whole and to the areas of Green Belt and Metropolitan Open Land, Arcadia to the Metropolis London-wide network of strategically important tributaries and canals, green chains and corridors It is important to view the landscape of the Kew to open space. (see Figure 3.4.1). There is potential to extend Chelsea stretch of the Thames in the wider context these connections. of the River in London. The study area forms the Within the upper reaches of the River in the London transition between the Arcadian landscape of the Boroughs of Richmond and Hounslow; the MOL In comparison to the stretch between Hampton and upper reaches of the Thames in London, from comprises substantial areas of landscape and open Kew, there are only relatively few opportunities for Hampton to Kew; and the Metropolitan centre of space, often with an historic or nature conservation re-creating historic landscapes and vistas, for the capital which dominates between Chelsea and value, and which provide important open air example at Duke's Meadow linking to Chiswick Tower Bridge. The tidal nature of the Thames facilities for recreation, leisure and sport. House, Fulham Palace, Barn Elms and Chelsea Hospital. produces a landscape where the relationship of Strategic Planning Guidance for London (RPG3 - land to water changes dramatically twice a day 1996) defines MOL as land predominantly open in A major opportunity for habitat creation was taken and is a daily reminder of the power of nature at character which has more than a Borough in the conversion of four redundant reservoirs next the heart of the city. significance, generally because of its size and to the Thames at Barn Elms into a diverse 40- The river corridor between Kew and Wandsworth catchment area. These valuable areas of land, of hectare wetland nature reserve. Possibilities also Park has extensive areas of open space made up equal importance to the Green Belt, need to be remain for smaller-scale initiatives. of a patchwork of parks, playing fields, allotments, protected from inappropriate development, harmful to the open character of the land. The overall character and quality of the landscape cemeteries and wetland nature reserves. The within the MOL is threatened, however, by a wooded Tow Path on the south bank links together Many areas of MOL are covered by other protective number of issues: these adjacent areas of riverside green space. The designations including Historic Parks and Gardens, majority of this open space is designated as Conservation Areas and Sites of Metropolitan and ■ The pressure for all-weather floodlit synthetic Metropolitan Open Land (MOL). Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, and sports pitches and indoor sports centres; at Barn Elms, there is a Site of Special Scientific Downstream from Wandsworth Park and the ■ The lack of an integrated approach to land Hurlingham Club, the form and character of the Importance (SSSI). The boundaries of MOL and the management, with a large number of individual river corridor is undergoing significant change. Thames Policy Area (TPA) are in many cases the private owners and public agencies Until recently, industry and major utilities have same. responsible; lined large lengths of the riverside, with very limited vegetation and public access to the river, except for Battersea Park and the Chelsea Embankment.

3.42 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

■ Problems of illegal tipping, vandalism and ■ The identification and promotion of links The London Borough of Hounslow has already trespass resulting in a proliferation of fences between open spaces, including green chains committed to preparing a land management plan for and insensitive boundary treatments; and corridors to provide walking or cycling all areas of MOL within the Borough in consultation routes and/or wildlife corridors; with interested bodies and the public. The "Green ■ A fragile and ageing stock of native trees Strategy" for the Borough provides a valuable ■ which has been largely replaced by invasive Harnessing the support of local communities, starting point for developing a strategic land alien species; sports clubs, amenity societies and voluntary management plan for MOL. bodies concerned with nature conservation; ■ Lack of funds within local authorities for The GLA are developing a Good Practice Guide for ■ landscape restoration and enhancement. Tree planting on public and private land to Boroughs on preparing an open space strategy provide a diverse age structure and long-term which will include the preparation of management There is a need for an integrated approach to the robust landscape framework; management of MOL within the Thames Policy plans. ■ Area. This should also be co-ordinated with the Reinstatement of historic landscape features; The establishment of "Comprehensive Project management of Green Chains and Corridors ■ Areas" is recommended as a means of co- extending outside the TPA. In landscape terms, the The rationalisation and enhancement of boundaries; ordinating action between public sector agencies, study boundary at Kew is purely an artificial one. private landowners and voluntary organisations for Many of the issues encountered and solutions ■ A range of small-scale environmental the restoration and improvement of degraded and proposed for the management of MOL in the improvements; under-utilised MOL. These should be identified as Thames Landscape Strategy between Hampton part of a Borough Open Space Strategy and should ■ Opening up public access and/or views to and Kew are applicable to the stretch of the River not be ad hoc arrangements. This approach is downstream to Putney, within the London Boroughs private open space, with the agreement of already adopted by the London Borough of landowners; of Richmond and Hounslow. Local authorities have Hounslow to ensure comprehensive improvements already prepared management plans for individual ■ Restoring and enhancing the setting of local to the Green Belt. It is proposed that the Duke's sites, for example The Leg of Mutton Reservoir, Meadow MOL is designated a "Comprehensive Barnes. These should be set within the framework landmarks and revealing and framing important local views/prospects; Project Area". The green chain of interconnected of an overall strategic land management plan that open spaces extending from the Thames at Barn covers both sides of the river and extends outside ■ Improved footpath connections to the Thames Elms would similarly benefit from a comprehensive the TPA. The management plan should address the Path National Trail including cross river links approach involving both the London Borough of following issues: and the promotion of circular walks and trails; Richmond upon Thames and the London Borough of Wandsworth. ■ Clarification of the strategic function that the ■ Improved cycle route provision; different components of MOL play within Within the urban reaches of the River in the London London's and the Boroughs' open space ■ The role of open space in meeting managed Boroughs of Hammersmith & Fulham, Wandsworth hierarchy and their catchments; flood retreat. and the Royal Borough of Kensington, and Chelsea MOL is generally encapsulated by built

3.43 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea development. The promotion of Green Corridors along major road, rail and water routes into London is an important way of promoting links between isolated areas of MOL, for example along the Wandle Valley and Chelsea Creek, and the many railway cuttings and embankments. Railtrack is already "greening" the major railway corridors in south-west London. The preparation of land management plans will be subject to resource availability. Policy Recommendation LOS1 (See also LOS6): In developing proposals for the River Thames St Paul’s and its tributaries local authorities should in School consultation with other appropriate bodies: Chiswick ■ Prepare a Borough Open Space Strategy; House ■ Safeguard the permanence of Metropolitan Open Land by keeping it in predominantly open use; ■ Seek to conserve existing trees and plant for the future and to ensure that adjacent Duke’s development does not threaten existing or Meadow proposed tree-planting; Barn Elms ■ Take into account any possible visual impact Mortlake on the character of the open land when Cemetery considering development on sites adjoining MOL; ■ Seek to conserve and enhance the open nature and character of the MOL, and its nature conservation interest; ■ Prepare integrated land management plans for all MOL, liaising closely with private, public, and voluntary sector organisations; ■ Establish "Comprehensive Project Areas" as means to improve positively the appearance and use of identified areas. Metropolitan Open Land

3.44 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

Green Chains and Corridors In the London Borough of Hounslow, these Green Corridors comprise: Local Authorities interpret "Green Corridors" in Green Chains ■ , Grand Union Canal, Brentford different ways. They are frequently along transport Strategic Planning Guidance for London RPG3 Boulevard, Brent Valley Woods, Osterley routes or watercourses between open areas. These 1996) defines "Green Chains" as "a series of Park, M4 corridor; corridors provide opportunities for the dispersal of wildlife and the improvement of landscape and elongated undeveloped green spaces linking ■ Duke's Meadow, Chiswick House, Acton visual amenity. Lack of public access can broader areas of open land". They provide both Green, Gunnersbury Park; sometimes be a positive advantage and Green extended pathways for recreational use and act as ■ Gunnersbury Triangle Nature Reserve. Corridors may include elements of private land, e.g. corridors for wildlife. school grounds and transport routes such as Subject to resource availability, local authorities are Within the upper reaches of the study area within railway embankments, canals and road verges, encouraged to enhance the visual continuity and the London Boroughs of Richmond-upon-Thames which are not easily accessible. accessibility of the Green Chains by promoting and Hounslow there is already a web of inter- planting schemes and establishing a network of The former London Ecology Unit definition of Green connected green spaces which extend from and sign-posted and way-marked walks, including links Corridors is “relatively continuous areas of open along the river. to town centres, public transport and visitor space which lead through the built environment and In the London Borough of Richmond-upon-Thames, attractions. The London Borough of Richmond- which may link sites to each other and the Green Belt.” these comprise: upon-Thames has already established the Beverley The London Borough of Hounslow is a partner in Brook Walk linking and ■ Richmond/Barnes - Richmond Park, Palewell the Green Corridor Partnership, which is a Common, to River Thames, Richmond Park to the Thames at Barn Elms. pioneering five-year plan to "green" the western However, the facility is not well promoted and parts following the Beverley Brook Walk, linking to approach to London within the M4/A4 transport of the network could be enhanced, including the corridor. The initiative is a partnership between the Thames Path National Trail and Tow Path; potential for a path along Beverley Brook linking private, public and voluntary sector organisations. ■ Richmond/Kew/Mortlake - , Kew Upper Richmond Road to Palewell Park. The Green Corridor Partnership is working with Gardens, Kew and Mortlake riverside, Mortlake schools across three London Boroughs to raise Cemetery; Policy Recommendation LOS2: In developing awareness about the importance of trees in the proposals for the River Thames and its environment as well as helping them to improve ■ Barnes - Lonsdale reservoir, Harrodian School, tributaries local authorities should prepare their own school grounds. St Paul's School, Wildfowl and Wetland proposals for the protection, creation and Centre, Barn Elms sports ground, Barnes The range of nature conservation and environmental management of Green Chains and promote Common. improvements will be subject to the availability of their importance as a landscape, recreation resources. The works currently being undertaken and nature conservation resource. Green by Groundwork along the River Wandle and the Chains should be designated as MOL. Green proposed riverbank enhancements in the Wandle Chains such as the riverside walk and Tow Delta are examples of enhancing green corridors, Path, Beverley Brook Walk and Wandle Trail as are the proposals for the enhancement of should be promoted as part of this strategy. Chelsea Creek.

3.45 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

Private gardens can also contribute to Green Duke's Meadow is the collective name given to a Bishops Park is already one of the most popular Corridors, and local authorities are encouraging range of public and private sports and recreation and frequented parks in the London Borough of recognition of their value through Local Biodiversity facilities and allotments contained within the broad Hammersmith & Fulham. It occupies 400 metres of Action Plans. meander of the Thames at Chiswick. The main south facing riverside and is set within a strong areas of public open space consist of the Riverside framework of mature plane trees. It is located next Policy Recommendation LOS3: In developing Recreation Ground and the riverside promenade to Fulham Palace, which is the subject of a major proposals for the River Thames and its with its disused bandstand facing the Terrace at bid to the Heritage Lottery Fund. The potential of tributaries local authorities should identify Barnes. This extensive area is in need of major both the park and the Palace for passive recreation Green Corridors and prepare proposals for investment. It is recommended that it is designated would be further improved if the visual and physical their protection, enhancement and by the London Borough of Hounslow as a relationship with the river is restored. It is important management. Priority should be given to the "Comprehensive Project Area". to start providing for the phased renewal of the creation of new Green Corridors and the mature avenue of trees along the Victorian joining of missing links. Partnerships between The Friends of Duke's Meadow are being supported promenade at an early stage. private, public and voluntary sector by a grant from the London Borough of Hounslow's organisations are encouraged to take forward Community Initiative Partnership to prepare an Battersea Park is one of the most important parks proposals. Green Corridors should be the overall landscape plan, which will guide the in Central London providing for a range of active and subject of habitat enhancement proposals restoration and enhancement of the area. This passive recreation. Its close proximity to the appropriate to the local landscape and important resource has the potential to act as a proposed major leisure and mixed-use development existing ecological context. (Also refer to Metropolitan Park serving West London, providing at Battersea Power Station will increase the LOS6). for both active and passive recreation, including number of visitors and could act as a further water sports. It includes a site of metropolitan catalyst for its regeneration. The park is in the importance for nature conservation at Duke’s Hollow. process of a major restoration programme, partly Public Parks and Gardens funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund.

Metropolitan and District Parks Policy Recommendation LOS4: The landscape importance and recreational potential of the The study area contains three larger public parks three district or metropolitan parks (Duke's and open spaces of metropolitan or district or Meadow, Bishops Park and Battersea Park) importance: should be fully recognised through the preparation of open space strategies and ■ Duke's Meadow, Chiswick appropriate funds sought for their long term ■ Bishops Park and Fulham Palace conservation, restoration and enhancement. Improved visual and physical links between ■ Battersea Park the parks and the river should be encouraged, together with the renewal of the mature Duke’s Meadow riverside avenues of trees.

3.46 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

Local Parks Despite these problems these spaces are valued The Wooded Tow Path by local residents and have active community The study area contains a number of small, support groups. Smaller parks and gardens have The former Tow Path used by horses and people for municipal riverside parks and gardens, for example: generally not received financial support from the pulling barges and other craft extends downstream Westerley Ware, Kew; Jubilee Gardens, Mortlake; from Kew to Putney on the south bank of the river. Riverside Recreation Ground and Furnival Gardens, Heritage Lottery Fund, and have only received It continues upstream from Kew to Hampton Court. Hammersmith. Wandsworth Park is the largest of relatively small allocations for their restoration or The horse-drawn barges disappeared with advances the local parks. A decline in the budgets of Local enhancement from local authority sources, for Authority leisure services and park departments example the London Borough of Hounslow's in boat design and the transfer of freight to the over the last decade has seen a cut in expenditure Community Initiative Partnership (CIP). There is the railways and the Tow Path was left to walkers and on maintaining public spaces. This has resulted in potential for parks to be improved with developer anglers. When used by barges the Tow Path would a deterioration in the fabric of the parks with: contributions via Section 106 Agreements, for have been clear of riverbank vegetation, so as not broken paths and walls; poor boundary treatment; example, the Frank Banfield Park is due to be to tangle the tow ropes. The vegetation that has over-mature trees and shrub beds; closed toilets; improved and extended as part of the planning grown up along the riverbank is mainly self-seeded, vandalised furniture and play equipment and graffiti. permission for Phase 2 of the Hammersmith with sycamore and ash prevalent. Horse Chestnut, Some contain large tree species such as lime, Embankment development. London Plane and various species of Poplar are willow and sycamore, others just ornamental also present. Many of these are now reaching These small parks and gardens are valuable to the cherries, that will never make a significant impact maturity. Lombardy poplar was commonly planted less mobile, especially older residents and parents on the river landscape or skyline. Some contain as a screen or windbreak around sports fields and with young children and office workers at flowery planting; patterned paving and landscape public utilities. The rare native Black Poplar, which lunchtime, and particularly in areas with a large 'furniture' that is out of keeping with the is the subject of a species action plan in the proportion of flats without gardens, and for workers sombreness of the urban waterside that developed London Biodiversity Action Plan is also present in town centres and employment areas. around wharves and lightermen. near the Leg of Mutton reservoir. The future role of these generally under-utilised The flood defences generally take the form of a facilities needs to be reconsidered to ensure they sloping cobbled revetment with intermittent steps meet the contemporary demands of the 21st down to the foreshore. The height of the flood century as part of Borough Open Space Strategies. defences, for example at Kew, have been locally Policy Recommendation LOS5: Local raised. authorities should seek to protect and enhance The planted and self-seeded trees along the Tow local riverside parks and gardens and, in Path have grown up to the point that the path is consultation with the communities they serve, now for the most part enclosed within a shaded encourage the preparation of action plans for corridor. There may be an opportunity in places to their renaissance. cut back the understorey growth along the riverbank to reveal important local views to the Furnival Gardens, Hammersmith

3.47 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea historical waterfronts and landmarks on the The wooded Tow Path is one of the most important the maintenance of trees and vegetation) is the opposite bank. In considering the potential benefits landscape features along the river between Kew responsibility of the PLA; the path is the joint to be acheived from cutting back understorey and Putney. Despite its narrow width it acts as an responsibility of the PLA and the local authority. growth in appropriate locations, it will, however, be effective screen to adjoining built development. The London Borough of Richmond-upon-Thames is necessary to take into account issues of nature Where the planting is more fragmented, for also the Highway Authority. The entire path is a conservation importance.This is particularly the example at Barnes Waterside, the neighbouring Public Right of Way. This is not, however, the view case along the Tow Path opposite Old Chiswick development is much more visible. of all agencies and authorities and the PLA dispute and Hammersmith Mall. This must, of course, be this interpretation. The Crown also own large areas. done in an ecologically sensitive way, taking There is a lack of clarity over the roles and account of the bird nesting season and bats. responsibilities for managing the Tow Path. The Policy Recommendation LOS6: A management London Borough of Richmond-upon-Thames plan for the wooded Tow Path should be The lack of maintenance results in a build up of document "Riverguide" establishes the local prepared to provide a diversity of age and litter and rubbish, which gives an impression of authority's understanding. The riverbank (including structure which will ensure its long term neglect. In recent years the Tow Path at Kew near the Public Records Office has been the target of graffiti and vandalism. The threat of burglary or trespass has resulted in riparian owners protecting their properties with security fencing. Personal safety is also an issue.

The Thames Path National Trail has been surfaced between Kew Pier and Thames Bank, and again from Hammersmith Bridge to Putney Embankment. These surfaced sections are popular with joggers, cyclists and parents with push chairs. The remaining unsurfaced sections, for example at Mortlake, soon become muddy and take time to dry out after flooding or wet weather. The surfacing of the Tow Path, and the increased width of the path to allow it to be shared by pedestrians and cyclists, and the associated signs, barriers and furniture, unless sensitively handled can result in the route becoming "urbanised". It is important that design standards respect its rural character.

Wooded Tow Path, Barnes

3.48 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations protection as a landscape and heritage feature ■ University of Westminster, Quintin Hogg The larger parks such as Battersea Park, and enhancement of its nature conservation Memorial Ground, Grove Park Wandsworth Park and Bishops Park also have interest. This should clarify ownership of the sports pitches. There are private indoor tennis ■ Civil Service Sports Ground, Duke's Meadow path and roles and responsibilities for centres at the Riverside Leisure Centre; Duke's landscape management and maintenance. ■ Fullers Sports Ground, Duke's Meadow Meadow, and the Hurlingham Club, Fulham. The establishment of a Charitable Trust, into ■ St Paul's School playing fields, Castelnau which environmental levies from developers The playing fields are generally managed by a can be pooled, should be investigated. Design ■ Barn Elms School Sports Centre blanket mowing regime whereby the grass is cut to a uniform height. The opportunity exists to reduce standards need to be applied that protect the ■ Barn Elms playing field rural character of the Tow Path, specifically the frequency of cutting in outfield areas to create ■ Hurlingham Club that new development should leave sufficient wild flower meadows. This could be combined with new native tree and hedgerow planting to reinforce space between buildings and the Tow Path to ■ Hurlingham Park avoid the felling of trees. existing boundaries. Over time these could grow to These playing fields and sports facilities are well replace the ubiquitous Lombardy Poplar and conifer used, particularly at weekends. The wide range of windbreaks. Playing Fields and Sports Grounds clubs can however result in the duplication of Policy Recommendation LOS7: Within the activities and resources. The ownership and The recreational and amenity value of playing fields, Thames Policy Area local authorities should management of boundaries between different clubs both private and public, is recognised by Strategic resist the loss of playing fields and sports is an issue, for example at Duke's Meadow, where Guidance, PPG17 on Sport and Recreation, and in pitches. Where they are not required for their there is a proliferation of fences. the Strategic Guidance for the Thames. Many of original purpose, but provide an important the playing fields along the river serve the demands open space function identified through the of more than one Borough, for example at Barn Borough open space strategy or have the Elms and Duke's Meadow. Local authorities should potential to, they should be retained as open assess the long-term need or demand for such recreational land to meet the needs of future facilities, locally and from adjoining Boroughs. generations. Private and public sports clubs When playing fields are not required for their should be encouraged to share facilities in original purpose they should be retained as open order to maximise resources. Positive recreational land to meet the needs of future measures to improve landscape quality and generations. nature conservation interest should be encouraged as part of Boroughwide Open The river corridor within the Thames Policy Area Space Strategies. includes a number of both public and private playing fields and sports grounds: Barn Elms School Sports Centre and Queen Elizabeth’s Walk

3.49 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

All-Weather Sports Pitches, Covered Policy Recommendation LOS8: Additional Many of these malls and embankments are Sports Facilities and Floodlighting policies should be included within UDPs to dominated by traffic or parked cars. There is the establish more effective controls on covered potential to introduce integrated traffic management There is increasing pressure to build new all- sports facilities and floodlighting on riverside and street scene improvements, for example at weather floodlit sports pitches and indoor facilities MOL in order to protect the setting of the Barnes Terrace. The emphasis should be on and to extend their use into the hours of darkness Thames and identified Important Local Views improving streets and spaces for pedestrians. and throughout the year. The majority of the pitches and Prospects and the ecological quality of the Research should identify opportunities for the are located on low-lying ground within the flood riverside area. Covered or all weather sports reinstatement of historic surfaces and other public plain and are prone to waterlogging, which can facilities should be located close to public realm townscape features - including those which restrict their use in the winter. There are proposals transport facilities on redundant industrial define historic public spaces in a positive way, for intensifying the use of the public playing fields land. such as walls and railings. Redundant and and schools sport centre at Barn Elms and a new inappropriate street furniture should be removed floodlit sports facility for Hounslow Hockey Club at Public Realm Improvements and care taken in selecting new materials. Duke's Meadow. Traffic Management and Street Scene The busy approaches to road bridges are also a The development of the Riverside Racquet Club and Improvements priority for traffic management and environmental the indoor sports buildings associated with the Civil improvements. These junctions are often dominated Service Sports Club at Duke's Meadow have The study area has relatively few sections of by signs, lights and traffic-related furniture. created a visual and physical barrier between the highway adjoining the river: river and the adjoining open space at Duke's Policy Recommendation LOS9: The Highway ■ Strand on the Green Meadow. The London Borough of Hounslow has Authority, Transport for London, and English site specific MOL policies (ENV-N.18) for Duke's ■ Barnes Terrace and Lonsdale Road Heritage should jointly initiate and secure funding for integrated traffic management and Meadow/Riverside Lands, Chiswick. These include ■ Chiswick and Hammersmith Malls the following guidance: street scene improvements at identified ■ Putney Embankment locations within riverside Conservation Areas, "As a guide any built development should including the approaches to bridges. Schemes ■ Cheyne Walk and Chelsea Embankment cover no more than 25% of the planning should take into account other relevant application site concerned, synthetic surfaces These areas are generally of significant historical guidance such as English Heritage’s Streets for should cover no more than 40% of the site and importance and environmental quality. However, the All document, the Housing Corporation and 35% of the site or greater should remain as public realm within these Conservation Areas English Partnerships’ Urban Design open/grassed soft landscaped areas." frequently does not enhance the setting of the Compendium and the Urban Task Force’s Towards an Urban Renaissance. The 25% guideline for built development is not many historic buildings. There has generally been a intended to be a hard and fast figure but an lack of investment in high quality materials and indication as to the maximum amount of site funds have only been available for piecemeal coverage that is likely to be acceptable within the improvements. special area of MOL. 3.50 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

Riverside Walk Improvements The opportunity should be taken, when funds Policy Recommendation LOS10: Local authorities become available, to reconsider the layout and should prepare design guidance for the Some of the existing riverside walks implemented appearance of these routes and to improve the enhancement of riverside walks informed by a as part of 1980's and early-1990's residential quality of the materials, boundary treatment and detailed understanding of the landscape character schemes are not of the standard expected within street furniture. It is proposed that local authorities and seek funds via developer contributions for the riverside conservation areas, for example along prepare detailed design guidance for the phased upgrading or replacement of existing sub- sections of Fulham Reach and Wandsworth enhancement of the public realm, which takes into standard sections of walkway and enhancement of riverside. In many cases provision has not been account the English Heritage document "Streets for All". its landscaping as part of a green chain and made for cyclists and there are poorly defined links potential green corridor. and connections back into the surrounding network Reference should also be made to the Countryside of streets. The quality of the paving materials is Agency’s “Good Practice Guide for the Thames mixed, and the street furniture and lighting is dated. Path National Trail.”

Emergent and Promenade with co-ordinated marginal plants street furniture and lighting

New timber retaining wall

Existing wall lowered and faced with timber fendering

Cross-section showing river-bank improvements taken from ‘Wandle River Bank Improvements’ Refurbished camp shed WS Atkins 1998

3.51 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

Regeneration Schemes will include ecologically appropriate tree The riparian owners in all these locations have planting, hard and soft landscaping, provision responded in an individual manner to the provision The Wandle Delta comprises the area around the of street furniture and lighting, public art, and of flood defences and the relationship with the river. River Wandle from Wandsworth Town Centre to the riverbank access improvements, including For example, along Hartington Road there are River Thames, and between Wandsworth Park and new river-related uses and facilities. stone filled gabions with mature willows and Wandsworth Bridge. It suffers from problems of houses well set back from the water's edge and at poor access into the area from the town centre Private Gardens and Grounds Chiswick Mall the well kept gardens are separated caused by railway and road barriers. The former In comparison to the upper reaches of the river from their terraced houses by the road. The industrial and utility uses have resulted in derelict between Hampton and Kew, the study area has riverside frontage to the Hurlingham Club is one of and under-used sites and a poor environment. only four localised sections of riverside where the most picturesque in the study area. The objectives of Wandsworth Council and the private gardens extend down to the riverbank: Policy Recommendation LOS12: The owners of Wandsworth Challenge Partnership are to create a ■ Hartington Road, Grove Park private gardens and grounds extending down new riverside quarter for the Wandle Delta to to the river should be encouraged to maintain complement the regeneration of Wandsworth Town ■ Chiswick Mall and Hammersmith Terrace the character, environmental quality, and Centre. There are already Single Regeneration ■ Deodar Road, Putney Bridge nature conservation interest of the riverside. Budget funds available for riverbank, access and The riparian boroughs and EA should assist by environmental improvements, and detailed projects ■ Hurlingham Court and Rivermead Court providing advice on tree planting, riverbank are being progressed. The riverside frontage of the Hurlingham Club, maintenance and bank treatments. although not a private residence, can also be The Nine Elms Riverside within the East Battersea included in this category. Development Area is also a focus for regeneration with a number of vacant sites in this traditional employment area close to central London.

Both the Wandle Delta and Nine Elms Riverside are identified as Regeneration Priority Areas within the Wandsworth UDP and in Strategic Guidance (RPG3-1996). The Borough promotes and supports regeneration opportunities in partnership with local community and business interests.

Policy Recommendation LOS11: Environmental improvements should be promoted within identified Regeneration Priority Areas in order to improve the quality of the physical environment and to attract investment. Work Chiswick Staithe

3.52 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

Cemeteries and Allotments Policy Recommendation LOS13: The important allotments to community leisure gardens to be environmental qualities of cemeteries should used for recreational gardening. The London These two land uses are important landscape be recognised and their value as open breaks Borough of Hounslow has promoted the use of elements between Kew and Fulham. As the in the urban fabric should be promoted. A allotments for the local production of food, as part suburbs expanded during the late 19th and early programme of ecologically appropriate tree of the Council's LA21 initiative. There is also the 20th centuries, sites were reserved for cemeteries planting should be encouraged within Warren allotment between Fulham Palace and the and allotments. Allotments also remained after the cemeteries adjoining the river to ensure the Moat Garden. A weekly farmers' market has been Second World War when parks were dug up as continuation of a strong landscape framework. recently set up at Duke's Meadow by the Friends of part of the "dig for victory" campaign. Funds should also be sought for the restoration Duke’s Meadow. and enhancement of the built fabric and Cemeteries presentation of memorials witin cemeteries The rapid increase in the number of apartments and churchyards. along the river may increase the demand for The main cemeteries close to the river are on the allotments, for example in the London Borough of borders of Kew and Mortlake next to the Great Allotments Wandsworth, where there is already an identified Chertsey Road. There is also a small burial ground shortage. It is possible that with the controversy next to St Nicholas Church, Chiswick. The North Allotments provide a natural complement to over genetically modified crops and increasing Sheen and Hammersmith Cemeteries are formally riverside sites and provide a form of sustainable interest in organic produce, more people will look to laid out with avenues of ornamental trees. The development; recreation; a degree of self- grow their own fruit and vegetables on allotment garden of remembrance of the Mortlake sufficiency in food-production; and a strong sense sites. crematorium overlooks the river next to Chiswick of community. There are also potential health Bridge. The London Borough of Hammersmith & enhancement opportunities afforded by working Policy Recommendation LOS14: Existing Fulham operates Mortlake and North Sheen allotments as acknowledged in Draft PPG17. allotments should be protected within the river cemeteries on the opposite side of the river within Allotments also provide a valuable resource for corridor and new approaches to their Richmond. educational purposes. provision considered including the provision of community leisure gardens. Reference should Cemeteries should be safeguarded because of their All statutory sites, which are protected by the be made to appropriate guidance and best value as open breaks within the urban fabric and Allotments Acts, are owned by the Boroughs. A practice, including the GLA’s Growing in the areas of quiet contemplation. They also have an lack of funding has led to maintenance problems. community: good practice guide to the important role to play as wildlife habitats in Green Local authorities have generally sought to transfer management of allotments. Chains and Corridors. The framework of mainly management to tenant associations, whenever ornamental trees within the cemeteries established possible, to improve amenity standards. The early in the 20th century is now reaching maturity. London Borough of Richmond-upon-Thames is Boundary walls, paths and landscape features are investigating ways of encouraging and supporting also in need of restoration. organic horticulture and the conversion of some

3.53 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

3.54 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

FIGURE 3.4.1 Green Chains and Corridors 3.55 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

river users who perceive the Thames as a polluted Water Quality BIODIVERSITY river and fail to appreciate its ecological diversity. Although water quality in the Thames is better now There is a need to promote the value and role of all Context than for many years, and the River Thames is habitat types and to encourage their protection and reputedly the cleanest metropolitan river in Europe, enhancement. Wasteland habitats are considered The River Thames and its corridor represent the point source pollution remains a problem and to be particularly under threat as there is a lack of largest continuous natural habitat in Greater necessary precautions need to be taken. The River awareness of the nature conservation value of these London. The whole of the Thames and its tidal is still the depository of large quantities of sewage areas and the loss of these sites to redevelopment tributaries up to their tidal limits has been identified effluent and key areas of concern include surface far outstrips the creation of new ones. by the London Ecology Unit (now the GLA water outfalls and storm water outflows. Biodiversity team) as a Site of Metropolitan The Environment Agency is seeking to work with The London Port Health Authority has been co- Importance for Nature Conservation. The River other agencies including the GLA in creating a operating with the Environment Agency in offers a variety of habitats not found elsewhere in Greenprint to secure London’s environmental future seasonally sampling and assessing the the capital and provides a valuable corridor for the and sustainable development. The goals of the microbiological (bacterial and viral) quality of the dispersal of wild plants and the movement of Greenprint for London include improved water river water in conjunction with the Public Health animals. The study area supports a variety of quality in London’s rivers, protection of London from Laboratory Service. This has been undertaken with different habitats and a wide range of species flooding, remediation of contaminated land, a view to initially identifying “hot spots” posing a including plants, invertebrates, fish, and birds. protection and improvement of London’s wildlife risk to public health relevant to leisure activities and habitats and biodiversity and the promotion of ultimately issuing guidance in leaflet form. The Port Property and land values along the Thames are sustainable riverside development. high and much of the River is subject to increasing Health Authority is represented on the Thames development pressure. As redevelopment The Mayor’s Draft Biodiversity Strategy Estuary Partnership and is a member of the GLA progresses, features of ecological interest continue (September 2001) sets out proposals and policies Water Safety Education Group, representing the to be affected by development and opportunities for for this Greenprint which will be driven by the public health aspects of water safety. In addition to securing environmental enhancements or mitigation London Plan and working groups including guidence leaflets, it is intended to erect relevant through the planning system have often been representatives of the Greater London Authority, the biohazard signage in co-ordination with the GLA missed, due to lack of awareness and inconsistent Environment Agency and English Nature. and riparian authorities. approaches both within and between Borough The two most significant threats to the biodiversity The most common pollutant is the organic load that Councils. of the River Thames itself in London are pollution enters the river from storm drains, during periods of and the loss of intertidal habitat, as a result of Recognition of the ecological value of the Thames, heavy summer rainfall. During severe episodes, this encroachment by built development. its history and associated habitats is not universal. influx can cause oxygen levels to become severely There are still many members of the public and depleted, resulting in many fish deaths. The ‘Thames Bubbler’, a vessel operated by Thames Water, pumps oxygen into the river, and helps to

3.56 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations reduce the impact of the oxygen deficiency. A more The Environment Agency encourage the use of a nursery area for flounder, while smelt breed permanent solution would require the further existing outfalls which may require hardening of between Wandsworth and Vauxhall and spawning treatment of all raw sewage and the emerging parts of the foreshore. The implications of this for sea lamprey have also recently been re-recorded in effluent by Thames Water and significant biodiversity should be fully considered. There is a this area, having not been found to be present for reconstruction of London’s Victorian sewers that requirement for a more coordinated approach to many years. The thriving fish stocks are reflected in double as storm drains. This would reduce the outfall design. the large numbers of piscivorous birds, including bacterial load on the River and improve its herons, cormorant and even the occasional microbiological quality. Industry on the Thames has Policy Recommendation B1: Further work kingfisher. Invertebrates such as worms, shrimps declined in recent decades, but accidental spillage should be undertaken to identify key polluting and snails are an important food source for the of oil or chemicals still occurs occasionally and discharges. Once key storm water outfalls and diverse fish and bird populations on the Thames. threatens the biodiversity. surface water discharge points have been identified, these can be targeted for further Policy Recommendation B2: The role of the Regional Guidance for the South East (RPG9) improvement. In addition, such measures as tidal Thames as a fishery and spawning (Policy INF2) highlights the need for techniques the use of on-site storage of surface water, re- habitat should be recognised and protected. It which improve water efficiency and minimise circulation and secondary use and sustainable is essential to maintain a continuous adverse impacts on water resources, on the quality, urban drainage systems (SUDS) should all be invertebrate community along the length of regime and ecology of rivers and on groundwater to pursued. A more coordinated approach to the tidal Thames to allow both localised and be encouraged. The guidance also states that outfall design and biohazard signage and extensive migrations of the various fish redevelopment should identify and make provision information should be encouraged. species. for rectification of any legacy of contamination and drainage problems. Fisheries The Environment Agency will promote Sustainable Historically, the Thames has been extensively used Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) as a technique to as a fishery, although as pollution of the river manage surface and groundwater regimes. increased in the early 19th Century, fish populations Sustainable drainage is the practice of controlling began to decline. Water quality in the river has surface water runoff as close to its origin as been improving since the 1960s, as a result of possible before it is discharged to a watercourse or improved sewage treatment and pollution control, to ground. This involves moving away from and over 100 species of fish can now be found in traditional piped drainage systems to softer the Thames, including a number of rare or little engineering solutions that are closer to natural known marine fishes. In addition, a number of drainage regimes and helps to promote wider migratory marine and estuarine species now use The Smelt environmental objectives, including improvements the Thames as a spawning or nursery area. For to wildlife habitats, amenity and landscape quality. example, the Kew to Chelsea area is important as

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Habitat Protection/Creation reach. Again, these are limited in extent with the Policy Recommendation B3: The foreshore best examples being found at Duke’s Hollow by represents the most ecologically important The Tidal Foreshore Barnes Bridge and Chiswick Eyot. habitat within the Thames corridor – a home for invertebrates, feeding grounds for birds Encroachment and development along the Areas of inter-tidal habitat occur along the whole of and spawning areas for fish. Local Authorities foreshore threaten all the above habitats. A the study reach, although their natural extent is and other relevant bodies should encourage standard policy with a presumption against allowing limited. Nevertheless, these areas are important for the protection and enhancement of the tidal new development to encroach on the already fish, invertebrates and birds. Much of the foreshore foreshore and take into account the limited tidal foreshore should be introduced within within the study reach is dominated by shingle, which comprehensive ecological habitat and species all Boroughs and rigorously enforced (see Policy provides an important habitat for fish fry, which shelter audit of the River which is expected to be RC17). The opportunity to extend the foreshore and in the spaces between the stones. In other areas, undertaken as part of the Tidal Thames create retired defences should also be investigated mudflats are exposed at low tide. Habitat Action Plan in determining strategies (see Policy RC5). for habitat protection, management, The lower foreshore is often capable of supporting restoration and expansion. algae whilst further up the shore, reeds and rush can often gain a foothold. The vegetation and invertebrates present in the inter-tidal zone attract wildfowl species including widgeon, teal and shelduck. The foreshore provides resources during cold weather, when freezing conditions may make adjacent freshwater habitats unavailable. The migration season may also bring waders such as common sandpiper and dunlin to the exposed inter-tidal zone. One of the more important areas of inter-tidal habitat that provides food resources or roosting sites for birds is the reach downstream of Hammersmith Bridge, close to the Barn Elms reservoir site. Very few areas of inter-tidal vegetation remain along the tidal Thames, and those areas that have survived are generally very small e.g. isolated clumps of reeds and rush located along the foreshore. In addition, there are a few remaining examples of transitional habitats within the study Chiswick Eyot and foreshore at Chiswick

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Islands middle of the study reach and is easily accessible hedgerows in the parks can form important green at low tide. The island is covered with low growing corridor links with the wooded strips along the Islands in the Thames provide important refuges for willow pollards, originally used in the traditional riverbank. both plants and animals. Two islands are located practice of osier bed cultivation, a practice that The wooded Tow Path between Kew and Putney is within the study area: Oliver’s Island and Chiswick continued until 1935. Eyot. Oliver’s Island is located adjacent to Strand an important but fragile landscape feature and on the Green, and is owned by the Port of London Trees, Woodland and Scrub corridor for wildlife. It consists mostly of a narrow Authority. The most interesting flora on the island is found on the banks, particularly in the gaps It is important to recognise the Thames as a between the sloped, blockstone embankment that corridor and to seek to maintain continuity in the surrounds most of the island. The island is a structure of vegetation and species composition. valuable nesting site and refuge for wildfowl and is There is a lack of diversity in age and species also used by cormorants. range of the main ‘skyline’ species of trees Chiswick Eyot (a statutory Local Nature Reserve) bordering the river. Many of the mature trees is situated opposite Chiswick Mall on the outside of alongside the river are very dominant features in the the large northward loop of the Thames, in the landscape that are now close to approaching maturity, and are likely to require removal or replacement in the near future. Many of these mature trees are within amenity or parkland areas along the riverside, typically forming avenues along elevated promenades, for example: Wandsworth Park, Bishops Park, and Battersea Park.

Many of these parks and open spaces are quite formally managed, nevertheless they support a variety of bird life, particularly species which are traditionally associated with woodland habitat such as song thrush, robin, blue tit, long-tailed tit and, where old trees are preserved, green and great spotted woodpeckers. Some species which are associated with the River also depend upon the adjoining parkland habitat, for example bats may roost in parkland trees, but forage over the riverside. The herons foraging along the foreshore at Black Poplars, Leg of Mutton reservior Chelsea nest in Battersea Park. Shrubberies and Oliver’s Island

3.59 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea row of mature trees, sometimes with a sparse Policy Recommendation B4: A co-ordinated understorey. The dominant species are sycamore, programme of tree planting should be ash and white poplar, occasionally interspersed developed and undertaken for the whole of with the spire-like Lombardy poplar. The corridor the study area, so that trees can be planted has areas of regenerating scrub which shade out immediately and be allowed to establish marginal and wetland vegetation and conceal views before the current mature trees reach the end of the river. (See Policy LOS 6 for proposals for the of their lives. Consideration should be given to Wooded Tow Path.) the potential for retired defences when mature The River Thames forms part of a corridor and it will trees are to be replaced. Choice of species be important to maintain structure and species should be based upon the ecology of the site, composition within the corridor. Many recent the mature anticipated height, spread and developments have included the planting of non- form of the tree and the local context and native tree and shrub species, which many people structure of existing vegetation. A balance consider inappropriate as they are out of character between ecological and amenity requirements and scale in the context of a riverside setting, e.g. is needed. Encroaching scrub needs to be flowering Japanese cherries, and shrub roses. In actively managed on a rotational basis to particular, this has occurred at Riverside West, provide a diverse range of habitats. Chelsea Harbour and the Harrods Depository site. The scale, structure and context of vegetation should River Walls and Man Made Structures be taken into account in preparing planting schemes. There is very little natural riverbank remaining along the Thames and its tidal tributaries. The only Trees, woodland and scrub have an important role significant example is a Statutory Local Nature within “Green Corridors” along transport routes (see Vegetation on River Wall, Fulham Reach Reserve at Duke’s Hollow at the foot of Barnes Proposal LOS 3). Railway Bridge. This flood washed area of woodland habitat is important for the rare German In considering new planting schemes, reference hairy snail, two-lipped door snail and other should be made to the Woodland Habitat Action molluscs.It also supports interesting examples of Plan (Volume 2: London Biodiversity Action Plan, riverside wetland flora. (January 2001). The flood defences and river walls vary in nature The replacement of mature trees which have and character along the study reach. Between Kew reached the end of their lives provides the and Putney Bridge, much of the flood defences opportunity to plan for the introduction of retired comprise sloping revetment and/or low level timber defences in appropriate locations. piling. Many of the defences have become Marginal vegitation, Dukes Meadow colonised by vegetation which serves to soften the

3.60 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations appearance of the river bank, creating small areas organic matter. They are, however, of high Policy Recommendation B5: Key wasteland of habitat and in some cases providing linkages to ecological value and often support a variety of sites within the study area should be identified river corridor habitats. A good example of this can native animal life including butterflies and small and the appropriateness of temporary be seen on the riverbank at Barnes and Strand on birds such as goldfinch and linnet which are management of sites awaiting development to the Green. attracted by the seeding vegetation. These habitats protect features of nature conservation interest tend to establish on derelict and disused sites and and ways of incorporating compensatory and Moving downstream of Hammersmith, the river is are therefore lost as areas are redeveloped. There mitigation measures as part of development increasingly constrained between vertical concrete is a need to recognise the value of these habitats proposals should be investigated. Reference and sheet piled walls, with some smaller areas of for nature conservation and achieve some level of should be made to relevant guidance timber piling remaining. Steel sheet piling and protection for key sites. including the Wasteland Habitat Action Plan concrete walls are of limited wildlife value. Timber published by the London Biodiversity Strategic criteria need to be agreed by the GLA and brick faced flood defences can provide valuable Partnership. niche habitats, offering opportunities for plants, with Boroughs to establish which sites need to be lichens and invertebrates to become established, protected for biodiversity and to take account of which in turn can provide a food source for birds. government targets for 60 percent of housing Invasive Alien Species development to be on previously developed land. Other man-made structures along the riverside The soft mud and peat of the banks of the Thames, such as jetties, docks and pontoons provide particularly adjacent to Chiswick Eyot, have proven roosting sites for a variety of birds, but particularly to be an attractive habitat for the non-native for gulls and cormorants. Chinese Mitten Crab. Numbers of Mitten Crabs present in the tidal Thames have been increasing See Policy Recommendation RC3: steadily since 1990, and although the biological Enhancement of Existing River Walls; Policy implications of their spread have not been explored, Recommendation RC4: Restoration of they are having a significant physical impact in this Revetments; Policy Recommendation RC5: Retired Defences. Wasteland A number of areas of open wasteland exist along the river corridor. Wasteland habitats tend to be Damage caused by Mitten Crabs young in comparison to other habitat types and frequently contain a high proportion of non-native Reference should be made to the London species. This reflects the fact that the habitats are Biodiversity Partnership’s Wasteland Habitat Action often man made, with dry substrates lacking in Plan and advice on how to incorporate compensatory/mitigation measures to minimise impact of loss of wasteland habitats. Japanese knotweed, Duke’s Meadow

3.61 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea area by burrowing into the soft sediments of the landowners. The EA has also conducted research Thames Strategy - Kew to Chelsea within its remit. island causing vegetation loss and erosion of the into Mitten crabs on Chiswick Eyot. It includes an overview of existing habitats along banks. the Thames and identifies key species of birds, Policy Recommendation B6: Research should fish, plants and invertebrates. It looks at some of Japanese knotweed is a large scale problem be undertaken into the effects of invasive alien the threats and problems facing biodiversity adjacent to the river at Duke’s Meadow and Barn species. Key locations should be identified conservation in this area and sets out a series of Elms. It also occurs in quantity in the Wandle where individual species occur and policy and objectives and actions to protect and enhance the mouth. Management of this vegetation on the best practice formulated for management or ecology of the river. revetted banks and margins would dramatically eradication of species, as required. Improved improve the views along the Thames Path, and education regarding the damage and impact Consideration should be given to the creation of reduce the ‘enclosed’ feeling experienced walking that alien species can have upon the native buffer zones in new riverside developments to link habitats. along those parts of it. It would also allow a more habitats and species should be promoted and diverse native vegetation to establish. If the best practice recommended. Policy Recommendation B7: In conjunction with Japanese knotweed is not dealt with soon, it will the Tidal Thames Habitat Action Plan and London continue to spread rapidly, and ultimately create a London Biodiversity Action Biodiversity Action Plan, the riparian authorities much larger scale problem. Plan and nature conservation organisations should identify habitat requirements for key species and Other alien species present in the study area In January 2000, the London Biodiversity promote preservation and creation of these include giant hogweed and Himalayan balsam. Partnership (a consortium of organisations that habitats through the planning process and other Canada Geese nest on the Thames islands. These includes the Environment Agency, English Nature, means as appropriate. Where appropriate, local birds have been the subject of considerable the London Wildlife Trust and the GLA) launched authorities should designate statutory Local Nature research although the extent to which they have an the London Biodiversity Audit that forms Volume Reserves in consultation with English Nature. undesirable effect on native wildfowl, ie through One of London’s Biodiversity Action Plan. The Audit competition, is not well understood. However, they provided a foundation for the action needed to Metropolitan Open Land certainly cause problems for management of park conserve London’s wild habitats and their lakes and school playing fields. Further research associated plants and animals and served as a The strengthening of the status of existing areas of is required on the interaction of some of these framework for discussion prior to the formulation of Metropolitan Open Land is also considered to be a species with native species and habitats and habitat and species action plans at both London- significant issue, as under the current designation, polices and best practice for management wide and Borough levels. recreational developments such as astroturf pitches established. and accompanying lighting systems may be The Action Plan has now progressed to the next considered acceptable. Uses such as these may The Environment Agency has indicated that it will stage, with the publication in 2001 and 2002 of the be detrimental to nature conservation interests, assist in controlling Japanese knotweed on the first two rounds of Habitat and Species Action with floodlighting being of particular concern for tideway through funding/management initiatives. Plans, including a Habitat Action Plan for the Tidal bats. Despite the fact that many of these open Duke’s Meadow has been identified as a potential Thames. This document includes the area of the demonstration project in partnership with

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Environmental Education of the River and link directly to the National Curriculum. Many explore the foreshore and study There is a need to balance the interests of various the River at close quarters recording evidence of user groups in order to protect important sites for river geography, ecology and environmental change. nature conservation. This could be achieved The Pier House at Corney Reach, Chiswick through education and the publication of codes of provides a base for the Thames Explorer Trust and conduct for various user groups or through the is an excellent location for fieldwork. Facilities physical zoning of uses e.g. ensuring the Thames include an indoor teaching space, disabled access Path National Trail is aligned away from sensitive and toilets. Courses include: habitats or through the use of screening. ■ Getting to know the River There is scope to influence riverside development by educating those responsible for developing ■ Rivers and environmental change sites. Guidelines for developers and their The Wetlands Centre, Barnes ■ River landforms and flooding consultants to ensure design sensitive to biodiversity issues should be produced. Illustrating areas are currently formal parkland and/or playing ■ River for life. key issues such as retreated flood defences, fields, the trees and hedgerows within them still creation of softer riverbanks and providing good Courses are also run in partnership with the Kew provide valuable linking habitats, while managed practice examples of sustainable urban drainage Bridge Steam Museum (Rivers and Water Supply) grassland provides feeding habitats for a number of and green roofs will also help to raise awareness of and the Wildfowl and Wetland Trust (Rivers and animals including some bird species of environmental objectives within the study area and Wetlands). The Wildfowl and Wetland Trust has a conservation concern, such as blackbird (moderate demonstrate how they can be achieved. well resourced education centre. population decline) and song thrush (steep population decline and a priority species in the UK The range of habitats along the river provides an The Hammersmith and Fulham Urban Studies Biodiversity Action Plan). important educational resource for schools and a Centre also provides a valuable resource. place to visit for fieldwork. Nature areas within Policy Recommendation B8: Measures should Policy Recommendation B9: A programme of school grounds are also valuable for children, be taken to enhance the nature conservation environmental education should be developed teachers and wildlife. As well as formal education, and landscape value of Metropolitan Open which targets a range of different user groups people learn about nature conservation through Land (MOL) and its importance as open space including those responsible for the events, organised walks and talks, and in the river corridor. Measures should be taken development of riverside sites, schools and the interpretation on site. to make existing green areas such as sports general public. The established Education Centres pitches more attractive to wildlife and to Thousands of school children every year investigate and the work of charities such as the Thames locate more urbanised sports facilities on the River with the Thames Explorer Trust through Explorer Trust should be actively encouraged. more suitable sites within the built up area. programmes that promote a deeper understanding

Appropriate sites should be allocated in UDPs.

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Community Involvement ■ An increased need for air conditioning in Policy Recommendation B11: Research into the buildings; development, design and introduction of more A number of voluntary organisations take an active sustainable water resources should be ■ Disruption to daily lives, businesses and water interest in nature conservation and the environment undertaken. Programmes and initiatives supplies resulting from extreme rainfall and along the tidal Thames notably, the British Trust for should be developed to educate households other weather conditions. Conservation Volunteers (BTCV), Thames 21 and and businesses on the potential impacts of the London Wildlife Trust. There are also important Many of these impacts are addressed elsewhere global warming and appropriate, sustainable local groups which have been formed through such as the London Biodiversity Action Plan and actions they can take. The Environment concern for one place, such as: The Friends of the through building design guidelines. The disruption Agency’s forthcoming Climate Change Action Barnes (Leg of Mutton) Reservoir, and The Friends of to water supplies however, can be alleviated Plan for the Thames region and the outcomes Duke’s Meadow. These organisations achieve through the development and introduction of of the current work for the London Climate practical results on the ground through hard physical sustainable water resources throughout the Change Partnership co-ordinated by the Mayor work, as well as monitoring species, acting as Thames region and providing further information for will inform future responses needed. Adoption wardens and campaigning. Their campaigning role is households and businesses on the impacts of of the Climate Change Action Plan should be particularly important as it raises public awareness climate change. encouraged. of issues, and involves residents in the protection and enhancement of their local area. The Environment Agency is in the front line on climate change, both as regulator of processes that Policy Recommendation B10: The involvement give rise to about half of the current emissions of of voluntary organisations in nature greenhouse gases in England and Wales, and as conservation and enhancement of the the body responsible for many functions that will be environment should be actively encouraged. affected by a changing climate, such as flood defence. For this reason, the Agency takes climate Climate Change change seriously and its strategy for tackling climate change is a key theme in their long-term There is increasing evidence for global climate vision for the environment, An Environmental change. This will have an impact on the Thames Vision: The Environment Agency’s Contribution to environment in a number of ways such as: Sustainable Development. ■ Changes to habitats and species The Agency are developing a Climate Change characteristic of the Thames; Action Plan for the Thames Region. This will ■ An increased risk of flooding; address flood risk, water quality, ecological change and the development of new flexible approaches to regulating discharge consents.

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River as the backbone of London's open space important safety considerations that affect RECREATION AND framework. It recognises the importance of the recreation activities. The 7m rise and fall in the River as a heavily used sport and recreation depth of the River also affects the timing of TOURISM resource and stresses the need to maintain and activities, the location and design of moorings and enhance public access. Particular attention is paid other boating-related facilities, and creates the Context to completion of the Countryside Agency's (formerly need for flood defences which can constrain Countryside Commission’s) Thames Path National recreational development. Trail and where appropriate the London Walking Today the Thames is used for various kinds of Policy Recommendation RT1: All river users Forum's proposed Metropolitan Walks and Green boating activity and active water sports such as and the general public will be encouraged to Chains. rowing, sailing, motor cruising and canoeing and act in a safe and responsible manner when on more informal recreation activities such as angling, or close to the River in accordance with PLA walking, cycling or merely sitting and Water-Based Recreation regulations. Those taking part in water sports contemplation. The health enhancement benefits of should be aware of safety regulations with outdoor recreation are very important. The River is Water Safety regards to their activity, equipment and crew, also an attractive location for various types of and abide by the Codes of Practice issued by Water safety includes a number of issues including leisure, culture and heritage facilities and amenities their Governing Body of Sport. Swimming in the risk of drowning, risk of collision and water such as pubs, restaurants, cafes, parks, gardens, the Thames will be discouraged historic houses, monuments, field sports, theatre quality. Although the quality of water in the Thames and public works of art as well as events such as has improved, there are still inherent dangers. See also The River Channel - Access and the University Boat Race. Public information is available so that the users can Safety - for further policy recomendations. make informed decisions about their activity. The The most comprehensive policy framework for ultimate decision on participation in water sports is, recreation on the Thames is contained in the however, with the individual. The Environment National Rivers Authority's (now Environment Agency and those who have responsibility for water Agency's) Recreation Strategy (1995) produced in quality will continue to work to maintain and where conjunction with the Sports Council. This sets out possible, improve the quality of the water in the thirty-two policies for promoting sustainable Thames. recreation on the Thames and managing conflict between active recreational use and conservation of Boating and other uses of the Thames in the study the natural habitat and between different area need to be seen in the context of the river's tidal nature. Historically, its strong flood and ebb recreational users. tidal streams have provided for many centuries a The former London Planning Advisory Committee transport medium which facilitates the movement of (LPAC) has also issued advice with regard to the cargo. These tidal characteristics also mean that River Thames and recreation. This identifies the the River can be dangerous and there are therefore

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Rowing ■ Identifying potential riverside sites available for Policy Recommendation RT2: As an important redevelopment which may be an appropriate national sport and a traditional Thames Rowing and sculling are the most popular activities site for a boathouse, and for temporary storage activity, rowing should be actively encouraged on the study reach, with a number of clubs situated for events; in appropriate locations. The Championship in the area, especially around Putney. There is a Course between Putney and Mortlake should ■ mixture of private/voluntary, school and University- Investigating potential sources of funding for be the focus of activity and investment, with based clubs, some of which have evolved from club refurbishment; significant funding sought from the National clubs set up by companies for their employees. ■ Lottery and developer contributions to: The biggest clubs are London Rowing Club and Less restrictive parking provision around rowing clubs for users. upgrade and expand existing facilities and Thames Rowing Club. Company-based clubs have infrastructure; and encourage wider declined significantly in recent years, but this has The area upstream of the Old Putney Bridge was participation throughout all sectors of the been compensated by a rise in school rowing. once ideal as a safe place for rowing as the narrow population, including young people, women Views on the demand for rowing on the Thames arches of the bridge prevented most commercial and the disabled and black and minority differ and participation data is difficult to obtain. traffic from continuing beyond the bridge. ethnic groups. However, overall it would seem that the number of rowers active on the Thames and the frequency of participation has increased. The recent successes in the Olympic Games have helped to break the traditional perception that rowing is an elite activity. Most rowing clubs report that they would welcome more members; although for some there are reports of over demand. This increase and change in pattern of demand for clubs indicate that there would be strong support for new club premises opening on the Thames.

Despite this increased user interest, rowing on the Thames is suffering from a number of problems which are mostly related to the lack of adequate facilities such as, limited number of river access points attached to boat houses, under investment in club refurbishment, lack of road access and parking for example at Hammersmith and Putney. This situation could be improved by: The Head of the River Race

3.67 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

Sailing that if the redevelopment of Fulham football ground takes place, sailing against the tide in this area There was major growth in sailing during the 1970's may no longer be possible. The strategy for built and 1980's but there has been a more stable rate of development along the Thames needs to take participation since then. Although demand account of these considerations. Sailing is not nationally for sailing seems to be increasing again, practicable on the River Wandle. demand for sailing on the Thames appears to be diminishing, with most of the activity taking place A study undertaken on behalf of Wandsworth elsewhere on gravel pits and reservoirs. There are 7 Borough Council concluded that there is no obvious sailing clubs based on the Tideway, whose case on the grounds of strategic need for a further membership appears to be either stable or facility on the Thames for sailing (Peter Mann declining. Partnership, 1998). There is, however, a strong Gaining confidence on the water latent demand for sailing in the South East. Clearly, river sailing is restricted compared to For the casual canoeist, access is more reservoirs or lakes but the quality of sailing is also Policy Recommendation RT3: Sailing on the problematic with existing slipways not always easy affected by a number of other physical factors on Thames should be supported through a to find (although again, information is available from this reach. The riverbank and edges of the River commitment to maintaining conditions and the PLA), associated parking problems and, for have become more silted because of increased facilities for the sport. Opportunities to sail on touring canoeists, a lack of basic facilities such as water extraction above Teddington. Another problem the Thames should be encouraged through toilets and campsites. There is an identified is the growth of trees and increased built novice training programmes at existing clubs demand for white water canoeing in this area. development on the riverbank which disturbs the and water sports centres where appropriate wind and can make sailing impossible. It is argued facilities exist. The Westminster Water Base is a British Canoe Union Approved Centre and provides a range of Canoeing training and qualifications from the most basic through to the essential requirements for instructor Canoeing is one of the most popular water sports assessment, introduction to white water, sea and is experiencing significant growth in paddling and slalom competion. Young people aged participation nationally. This is also reflected in the between 10 and 23 years have the opportunity to experience of local clubs. There are 12 canoe clubs learn to sail and canoe for £6 for the whole year. on the tidal Thames, most of which are located Sport London consider there to be a pressing need upstream of Putney Bridge. Canoe clubs usually for an artifical canoe slalom course in the London share facilities with rowing clubs. There is some region and the operators of the Westminster conflict with other users, particularly rowers and Boating Base have highlighted both the need for a passenger craft which create wash. Access from white water canoeing facility in London and the the high banks can be a problem in some areas. growing popularity of freestyle canoeing. The Sailing at Barn Elm Reach

3.68 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations establishment of a facility of this nature is canoeing. It is also a popular venue for very sensitive treatment and would need to take dependent upon the identification of a suitable conferences, dinners and meetings and the income account of the waterside ecology at Duke’s Hollow. moving body of water. generated from function lettings support the work of the centre as a Charitable Trust. The close The existing water sports centre at Ashlone Wharf Policy Recommendation RT4: Access to the proximity of the centre to central London can result at the mouth of Beverley Brook is also a valuable Thames for casual, competitive and touring in conflict with some of the commercial users of the but underfunded resource. canoeing should be encouraged in suitable River. areas through existing clubs and water sports There is scope to extend the role of water sports centres. Consideration should be given to the The need for coach and mini-bus parking for school centres to provide other community and visitor potential to establish an artifical canoe slalom parties at water sports centres and also parking for facilities such as meeting rooms, cafés, toilets, course in the future. individual users, and dingys constrains their siting and limited car parking for walkers, and the public use location. This is a problem within the Wandle Delta and of slipways and launching sites. This could also Water Sports Centres the Westminster Boating Base. The existing facility at provide potential for income generation which can Barn Elms south of the River at Barnes has the assist in meeting the associated costs of running Water sports centres provide a valuable advantage that there is already parking and access to the centres. introduction to the safe use and enjoyment of the main roads. The existing boathouse and associated Thames for water-based recreation. Well-trained The environmental impact of water sports centres is parking owned by the London Borough of Hounslow at staff can teach novices to enjoy the river without an important issue. It is essential that buildings Duke's Meadow could potentially provide the basis of a the safety risks that are associated with an and associated parking activities are carefully sited new water sports centre north of the river. This would unsupervised environment. This is particularly and that any impacts on the landscape, foreshore help fulfil the recreational potential of Duke's Meadow important on the tidal Thames. and inter-tidal habitat are minimal and acceptable. as a resource of metropolitan importance. Any such Funding has historically been the key issue proposal would be required to be the subject of a Policy Recommendation RT5: Water sports threatening the survival of these centres. The clubs and centres are a valuable introduction success of the National Lottery has, however, to the safe use and enjoyment of the Thames provided a potential lifeline. Funding has been for sport and recreation. The existing facilities sought from the lottery for the upgrading of the should be the focus of investment, with existing rowing facility at Barn Elms. This former programmes developed and expanded to Inner London Education Authority Outdoor Centre is include activities for adults, as well as used by schools, youth and community groups children. The scope to extend their role to from all over London and is part of a larger sports provide other community and visitor facilities facility. should be assessed. A review is required of current facilities and demand for additional Downstream of the study area, Westminster centre(s) within the tidal Thames between Boating Base provides young people with training in Teddington and Westminster. This should the skills of water sports, in particular sailing and Barn Elms Boathouse provide the basis for future investment.

3.69 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

Motor Cruising Moorings in marinas such as Chelsea Harbour are public wharves, drawdocks and slipways will assist relatively expensive. The main problem however, is with the launching of smaller boats. Those which Powered boating is limited by the tidal nature of the tidal range of the River which severely are available suffer from public access or parking the river, especially downstream of Putney Bridge, constrains moorings of all descriptions. Modern constraints. Information on moorings, launching where boating is dominated by passenger services cruisers invariably cannot take the ground and facilities and tides is freely available from the PLA carrying tourists to riverside destinations and by therefore cannot use dry moorings. They can, with but is not necessarily widely known about. Local cruisers passing through. Recreational boating is a tender, use mid-stream moorings although not all bases, storage and repair facilities are also constrained by the dangers associated with tides users would wish to do this. needed. and high flood defences. The major active source of recreational boating on this stretch is the A growing number of people wish to visit London, Policy Recommendation RT6: Existing Westminster Boating Base. The number of cruisers and more cruising activity could be achieved by riverside facilities and services for individual passing through is relatively small providing well equipped and signed visitor moorings private boats should be protected and the and these tend to stay upstream of Richmond Lock or docks in suitable locations (although there is a provision of well equipped, well signed, short- and Weir mainly because they are unsure of the potential conflict between the mooring of boats and stay visitor moorings should be a priority in river, but also because they are not familiar with the the ecology of the river). New moorings should have appropriate locations close to visitor few visitor facilities that are available. Hire cruiser facilities such as rubbish collection, showers and attractions, public transport and clusters of companies do not normally allow their craft to toilets. The provision of floating pontoons should be activity. cruise on the Tideway. There are several facilities considered. There are also difficulties for people upstream of Richmond where small rowing boats who wish to bring smaller boats to the River and Tourist Boats can be hired but again, these generally do not launch them each time they are used, because of a One of the most important tourist activities on the venture as far downstream as the study area. The shortage of good launching sites. The restoration of River is boat trips. Passenger services, however, limited number of hire cruisers with a skipper that are not well co-ordinated and are limited in terms of do use the study reach, are mainly used for availability. Tour boats do pass along the Thames corporate entertainment and functions. on this stretch but only stop at Kew Pier on their The main issue for cruisers on this reach is the way to Richmond and Hampton Court. Regular river lack of accessible moorings for motor cruisers, bus services for the Thames are unlikely to be both permanent and for visiting boats. Most PLA viable to the west of the study area upstream of moorings are offshore without onshore access or Putney. This increases the importance of tourist facilities. boats on the upstream reaches of the Thames in London.

Prospect Quay

3.70 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

Piers are an important issue within the reach. They Angling Managing Conflict on the River are an important part of the river infrastructure and Angling on the tidal Thames is free and is popular should be protected, yet many are in poor There will always be conflicts between such a along stretches of the River where there is good condition, are expensive to maintain and are not diverse range of waterborne users of the river, where access to the bank or foreshore. This is most used by tourist boats. They are also considered to space is limited and activities are not always common upstream of Putney Bridge. Downstream, be a danger to some water sports although sailors compatible. On the tidal Thames the problems are the River is much less popular for angling for a sailing against the tide do not want them removed. mainly between small unpowered craft affected by number of reasons, not least because the flow of the There may be potential to develop some of the wash from larger motorised boats, and between River is fast. As the flood defences are high, anglers piers for recreation or tourism, for example by anglers and those in boats. Most of these problems need access to the foreshore and this is not always developing river trips to the various tourist are limited to periods of peak use, primarily possible. Steps, stairs and ladders are not widely attractions, but planning consents may be difficult summer weekends. available and where they are, they are often locked to obtain. It has been suggested that there should or blocked. Co-operation is the best way of resolving disputes be a code of practice for piers to regulate their use between river users. It is important to understand The main issues raised by anglers include over and management. the activities of others and how to react on the river. abstraction of water, control of flows via weirs, water Passenger services, like most tourist-dependent The Governing Bodies of the sports involved have a quality, loss of fish breeding areas by habitat services, are very sensitive to weather conditions role to play in providing guidance on how to destruction caused by boat movements and bank and seasonal variations in the number of visitors. minimise conflict to their members via the existing protection schemes. The effect of boats on the river They generally only operate in the summer months. network of clubs and watersports centres. This habitat is a perennial complaint of some anglers, The tidal conditions and the busy lock at Teddington includes novice training programmes. The casual although others feel that boat movements can be can also affect service schedules. The large size of sportsman can be educated by placing leaflets with beneficial in stirring up fish life. the boats generates wash, which can be a problem local tackle shops, chandleries and water sports for rowers, canoeists and moored craft. Policy Recommendation RT8: Angling is an outlets. Information can also be displayed at Policy Recommendation RT7: Passenger important national leisure activity and should access points such as slipways and public car services which provide a quality service should be encouraged. Where fishing is not permitted parks. from land on the riverbanks, local authority be encouraged. They are key to fulfilling the Improved dialogue between river users can also be designated "No-Fishing zones" should be tourist potential of the river and bringing the encouraged by the promotion of attendance at River appropriately signed and enforced by that wider public to the Thames. User Groups. local authority. Remaining stretches of bank and the foreshore should be freely available Policy Recommendation RT9: All river users for use by the casual angler. Safety should recognise that the Thames is a shared information on tides and access to the resource and that tolerance of other activities foreshore should be displayed in appropriate is required. All river users are required to locations by local authorities. abide by PLA regulations and cooperation between river users will be encouraged.

3.71 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

Existing clubs and water sports centres should The Countryside Agency’s original concept for the Thames it is essential that a high priority is given to provide novice training programmes which Thames Path National Trail in the 1980's was that achieving new riverside access and an explain other activities and provide guidance substantial sections of the route would be shared uninterrupted path. on the responsible use of the River and bank. by walkers and cyclists. Extensive consultation, The River User Group has an important role to however, has identified that there would be Within the study, area the National Trail is diverted play and membership of this Group should be problems associated with such dual use. After onto routes away from the River in four main encouraged. deliberation the National Trail was subsequently locations: created as a long distance footpath. ■ Hartington Road;

The Thames Path National Trail visitor survey ■ on the north bank around the Hurlingham Club, carried out in 1999 showed over quarter of a million Rivermead Court and Hurlingham Court and in user days spent on the path in London by short sections along the Sands End reach; distance users and a further 26,000 by long distance users. 84% of users were walkers and ■ on the south bank at Point Pleasant on the 15% cyclists. Over half the estimated short western side of the River Wandle and in distance user days were accounted for by people sections along the Wandsworth/Battersea staying for less than one hour on the trail. The reach to avoid future development sites and majority were local residents with over three- safeguarded wharves; quarters living within 10 miles of the trail. ■ on the south bank at Battersea Power Station An Interim Development Strategy for the Thames and Nine Elms. Path National Trail 1998-2001 has been produced There are also temporary localised diversions to Learning to sail near Vauxhall Bridge following extensive consultation and clearly avoid sites currently planned for development at identifies priorities for the development and Walking and Cycling Hammersmith Embankment (Phase 2) and Putney management of the Trail. The Development Wharf. Thames Path National Trail Strategy proposes a clear and consistent approach to policies within development plans along the The majority of riverside walks in new developments The route of the Thames Path National Trail was length of the Thames Path National Trail to ensure will provide missing links in the Thames Path approved by the Secretary of State for the the future of this nationally important recreational National Trail. There is a need for consistency Environment in 1989 and officially opened in 1996. resource. between Boroughs on how the Thames Path The Thames Path National Trail is unique among National Trail and regional cycle routes are In London, fully completing the approved route to the Countryside Agency's 13 established National integrated. Strategic Guidance requires a secure a continuous path along the riverside on Trails in endeavouring to give continuous access segregated cycle route along the riverside in all both banks could take a decade, and in places it along a major river and passing through a capital new developments. Riverside walks in earlier 1970- may be impossible to achieve. With increasing city. It is anticipated to become England's most 80's development, for example along Fulham pressure for new development along the River used National Trail. Reach, were not designed for cyclists. Recent and

3.72 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations future lengths of the riverside walk, for example in Wandsworth, now cater for both pedestrians and cyclists, segregated where the width permits, but shared elsewhere.

Policy Recommendation RT10: Local authorities in consultation with other appropriate bodies should continue to: protect existing rights of way; safeguard the approved line of the Thames Path National Trail; and seek to provide a new public footpath to and along the river frontage through development, where such rights do not currently exist. New sections of the Trail should incorporate adopted Countryside Agency Thames Path National Trail Design Guidelines and local authority detailed guidance. Where it is Thames Path at Duke’s Meadow, Chiswick practical, taking into account the available space and safety considerations, separate segregated provision for cyclists should be made.

Thames Path at Battersea

3.73 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

Access for All guidance given in the Countryside Agency document "Sense and Accessibility" should be The riverside is not just used as a long distance used to overcome physical, cultural and recreational route for visitors; it is also an important psychological barriers. There is a need for asset that should be available and accessible to all more frequent connections to avoid riverside local residents. It is essential to provide sufficient walks being segregated from their public routes to the riverside to ensure good surroundings. accessibility. The former industrial and utility sites along large sections of the River in Fulham, Cycling Wandsworth and Battersea have historically restricted general public access to the riverside. The importance of cycling as a recreational activity This is also the case adjoining the Tow Path and as a sustainable form of transport has Hammersmith Bridge, Castelnau between Kew and Putney which was until recently increased significantly in recent years. The charity The London Cycle Network is one of the biggest bordered by reservoirs or utilities. There is a need Sustrans has been at the vanguard, and cycling schemes in the country. The project is for more frequent connections to avoid riverside instrumental in the proposal to create a National funded by Transport for London, and is being walks being segregated from their surroundings. Cycle Network. implemented by the London Boroughs, with The riverside should where possible be integrated assistance from the London Cycling Campaign, Sections of the adopted National Cycle Network into the existing network of streets in order to be Sustrans and the Cyclists Touring Club. (Route No.4) coincide with the Thames Path well used. Improved cross-river links for example National Trail between Hammersmith Bridge and The London Cycle Network includes parts of the using railway bridges are also required (see policy Putney. This section is a permissive cycle path National Cycle Network and regional routes being recomendations relating to Movement). licensed by Sustrans and LB Richmond-upon- developed in and around the capital. The Thames The path and other public areas should be Thames from the Environment Agency. In other Cycle Route (which overlaps with the longer Thames Valley Route) stretches across London designed so as to be safe and accessible to the parts of the Thames Path National Trail, cycling from Hampton Court to Dartford. Routes are also disabled. The Countryside Agency document has become established as a local custom, even planned along the tributaries of the Thames, for "Sense and Accessibility" puts forward detailed though the footpath has not been legally endorsed example through the Wandle Valley to Epsom proposals for upgrading existing riverside walks to as a cycle path, for example along the remainder of Downs, and the Lee Valley. provide access for people with mobility the wooded Tow Path between Mortlake and Kew impairments, and to meet the needs of older people Bridge. This section of the Tow Path is shown as a The continued active negotiation for, and and parents with pushchairs. proposed cycle route on the London Cycle Network improvement of, the Thames Cycle Route opens up 2000 official map. Similarly, all of the route of the new opportunities for the Thames Path National Policy Recommendation RT11: The riverside Thames Path National Trail from Chiswick Bridge Trail. Negotiations for cycle routes and improved should be available and accessible to all local downstream to Putney Bridge on the north bank of access can also serve to improve walking facilities residents, present and future, including the river is indicated as an existing or proposed (particularly for less able people). A good example disabled people, and the needs of older cycle route, within the developing 3000-kilometre of this is the new bridge over the Wandle in people and people with pushchairs. The London Cycle Network. Wandsworth.

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Policy Recommendation RT12: The use of the the cycle route is to be promoted by its own signing, information about the river (for example riverside for cycling should be encouraged, name and identity; about circular routes) and interpretation. New forms subject to pedestrian safety and convenience. of signing and interpretation using pictures, foreign ■ guidance on upgrading sections of public The long-term aim should be to achieve traffic- languages, braille etc need to be considered. footpath to cycle tracks. free cycle routes, segregated from pedestrians, along both banks of the river, More needs to be done through information and Policy Recommendation RT14: The provision of forming key sections of the designated London education to clarify the rights of different user visitor facilities should be a priority as they are Cycle Network and Thames Cycle Route, with groups and to promote considerate cycling a prerequisite for a good service to visitors to connections to regional routes such as through practice. More segregated cycle routes need to be the Thames. New developments in appropriate the Wandle Valley. The design of the riverside planned and implemented, although there are locations close to public transport on or near cycle route should reflect and enhance the space restrictions and it is important to maintain a the river should provide, through a Section 106 character of the river. 'natural' experience by not overdeveloping the path. agreement, facilities to benefit the needs of Changing the surface material can divert different recreational users and visitors. Conflicts Between Users groups to help avoid conflict. Moving the path away from the Thames on the other hand is not a good Visitor Attractions The current confusion over the rights of both solution as a general principle since it defeats the walkers and cyclists is an important visitor object of a 'Thames Path'. Historic Waterfronts management issue. The Countryside Agency has Probably the most important groups of visitor recognised this and in conjunction with members of Policy Recommendation RT13: Conflict between attractions are the historic waterfronts at Strand-on- the Thames Path Management Group (of which all walkers and cyclists needs to be addressed by the the-Green, Old Chiswick, Mortlake, Barnes, 5 local authorities in the study area are members) implementation of the Countryside Agency's Hammersmith Mall, and Chelsea. These have prepared a Cycling Policy (February 2000). "Cycling Policy" and where possible, the creation settlements have famous riverside pubs, such as Amongst the proposed policies are: of appropriate segregated routes, consistent with maintaining contact with the River for both the City Barge (Strand-on-the-Green), The Dove and ■ confirmation that the Thames Path National groups, and with local environmental Blue Anchor (Hammersmith). These are also Trail is a long distance route for walkers and considerations. famous for the celebrated visitors and residents will not be developed or promoted by the who have lived in the many listed buildings. The Management Group as a long distance route Visitor Facilities 18th century houses along Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, for cyclists; are bristling with blue plaques celebrating some of Riverside facilities such as seating, lighting, ■ the need for clear and accurate information to the famous people who have lived in them. Most refreshments and toilets need to be improved. New be provided about shared sections of the were writers and artists including George Eliot and residential and commercial development needs to Thames Path National Trail; JMW Turner. These important architectural incorporate more public facilities on the riverside, waterfronts also contain small museums and ■ where a cycle route shares the same and development briefs need to include these, galleries such as the William Morris Gallery at alignment as the Thames Path National Trail, together with appropriate financial and management Kelmscott House, Hammersmith Mall. arrangements. There also needs to be better

3.75 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

The particular importance of this stretch of the River starting place of the University Boat Race and also As the home of the Bishops of London from the 8th for brewing is also a potential theme that could be hosts many other events. The historic riverside century until 1973, the oldest parts of Fulham developed. The Fullers Brewery at Old Chiswick settlements are also the location of piers and Palace date from the 15th century. The London and the Youngs Brewery at Wandsworth both have residential and visitor moorings, for example at Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham has just brewery tours. Hammersmith. completed a business plan for the property and are in the process of submitting a major bid to the Famous pubs along the former industrial waterfronts Policy Recommendation RT15: The historic Heritage Lottery Fund. The adjoining Bishops Park such as the Ship Inn, Jews Row, Wandsworth, have waterfronts are important clusters of activity, is one of the largest and most popular parks in the been incorporated into new riverside development. with famous riverside pubs and restaurants, Borough, with 400 metres of tree-lined waterfront. Other former industrial buildings and warehouses popular with both residents and visitors. They have been converted into restaurants and brasseries, are also the focus of cultural and heritage for example the celebrated River Café at Fulham interest. These activities should be retained Reach and the Depot at Mortlake. The Depot is and encouraged as a key part of the vitality of named after the old Barnes District Council Depot, the river. on which site it stands. Historic Houses and Gardens The grouping of boathouses, boat clubs and chandlers premises at Putney Embankment gives The study area is set within an area fortunate to it a character unique not only to London but to the have a wide range of historic houses and gardens. whole country. It is internationally famous as the It includes three major historic buildings close to the River: Chiswick House, Fulham Palace, and the Royal Hospital at Chelsea. A visit to any of these properties could in the same day be combined with other heritage attractions in West London.

Lord Burlington's classic Palladian villa - Chiswick House - is owned and managed by English Heritage. The gardens laid out by William Kent are managed by the London Borough of Hounslow. This combined property is an important attraction, but does not maximise its close proximity to Old Chiswick and the River. Similarly, the painter William Hogarth's house which is nearby, and has been successfully restored and turned into a small museum and gallery. The Old Ship, Hammersmith Chiswick House

3.76 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

The grounds of Wren's magnificent Royal Hospital National Trail, or public transport. This participation in cultural activities, followed by poor on the Chelsea Embankment are the setting in approach could be extended outside the study public transport, lack of parking and fear of crime. May each year for the Chelsea Flower Show. The area to link other riverside cultural facilities Whilst the general view expressed was that cultural Hospital which is the home to about 400 retired and historic sites, for example Kew Gardens provision in Wandsworth is satisfactory, there was soldiers has limited opening to the general public and Syon House. considered to be a need for improvements particularly for the rest of the year and there is a small in respect of the provision of facilities for young people. museum which explains the history of the Arts, Culture and Entertainment Both individual small and large scale projects were Pensioners. Close to the Royal Hospital is the Facilities considered to be of value and importance was placed on the local availability of facilites and activities National Army Museum, which provides a vivid and The London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham lively account of the British land forces from 1485 in particular has a range of arts, culture and Policy Recommendation RT17: The retention and to the present day. Also nearby is the Chelsea entertainment (ACE) activities close to the river. promotion of arts, culture and entertainment Physic Garden, established by the Society of Facilities include the Labatt's Apollo, the Lyric activities should be sought along the riverside Apothecaries in 1673 to study plants for medicinal Theatre, Riverside Studios, and Fulham Football close to town centres and public transport. These use. Club, which are of London-wide significance. uses play an important role in contributing both to the vitality of the town centres and the Thames, These three nationally significant historical The use of the Thames for transitory performances and are a valuable community resource. Local buildings and their gardens are potentially from boats and barges to riverside audiences is a authorities should work together in the important clusters of activity, each with smaller potential activity that should be encouraged. The preparation of cultural strategies which seek to cultural or heritage attractions in close proximity. Couper Collection is a new art museum on board enhance public use and enjoyment of the River All three of these properties historically had a close converted Thames barges near Albert Bridge. It and riverside. visual and physical relationship with the Thames, presented The Floating Opera in partnership with the which has become severed by major roads in the Royal Opera House as part of the London String of Wetland Nature Reserves case of Chiswick House and the Royal Hospital, or Pearls Millennium Festival. The Royal Hospital overgrown vegetation in the case of Fulham Palace. Chelsea also has son et lumière performances which The Thames and London have gained a major new dramatise the history and pageantry of the Chelsea "green destination" with the conversion of four Policy Recommendation RT16: The visual, Pensioners and the history of this magnificent Wren redundant reservoirs adjacent to the river at Barn physical and historical relationship with the building. Elms, in the London Borough of Richmond, into Thames of the three nationally important Europe's largest urban wetland nature reserve. historic houses and gardens - Chiswick House, The London Borough of Wandsworth is currently in the Construction work began in 1993 and the 40 ha Fulham Palace and the Royal Hospital, process of devising a Cultural Strategy. A market nature reserve opened in summer 2000. The Chelsea, should be enhanced. The marketing research study (March 2001) indicated that 50% of scheme was promoted by the Wildfowl and and promotion of the properties could be respondents had taken part in activities related to Wetland Trust and made use of enabling linked, with the Thames as the unifying waterways over the previous six months, the fourth development to help finance habitat creation and element. Visitors should be encouraged to most popular category after parks and opens space, visitor facilities. arrive by tourist boat, the Thames Path libraries and sport centres. The study highlighted cost and lack of publicity as the main barriers to

3.77 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

The 40 ha reserve includes open water lakes, reed nature reserves and much of the wildlife in the Visitor Information, Museums beds, seasonally inundated grasslands and open nature reserves also make use of the River at mudflats which attract a diverse range of wildlife, in particular times of the day (bats) or stages of the and Discovery Centres particular migratory wetland birds. The Peter Scott tide (eg wildfowl and herons). The former Tow Path Visitor Centres includes a glass observatory, along the south bank provides a route for Visitor Information discovery centre, art gallery, lecture theatre, pedestrians and cyclists. Unfortunately at present, There is a wide range of visitor leaflets, maps and restaurant, café and shop. there is very little signage or interpretation to make guides available for the Thames in London, the visitors aware of the existence of these important most important of which are: Also on the Barnes peninsula is the redundant Leg natural resources. of Mutton reservoir which, through public pressure, ■ TIDE - which publicises the various river- has been converted into a local nature reserve. This Policy Recommendation RT18: The promotion related activities, facilities and events on the is largely managed by the support of community of sustainable "green" recreation and tourism river, as well as promoting the Great River groups and conservation volunteers. On the should be given a high priority, in particular Race, held in October. It is available for opposite side of the River is the much smaller encouraging visitors to enjoy the natural purchase at selected bookshops and tourist Duke's Hollow wetland nature reserve. environment and participate in pursuits such information centres; as bird watching. Consideration should be The importance of the upper reaches of the study given to improving the signage, accessibility ■ Simply River - produced by London Transport area between Kew and Putney for nature and interpretation of natural resources and and London Underground in association with conservation is an important theme which could be facilities as part of an overall visitor and Time Out, which focuses on visitor attractions developed within an overall visitor and recreation recreation strategy. and pubs and restaurants. It is available free strategy. The River with its inter-tidal mudflats and from mainline and underground railway shingle foreshore is the unifying element linking the stations serving the river. It also gives information on passenger services on the Thames;

■ The London Thames Cycle Route - produced for Sustrans by Cycle City Guides. It gives essential visitor information for the 44-mile route between Hampton and Dartford, including family day rides. It has clearly mapped cycle routes on A-Z mapping and is available for purchase from selected bookshops and tourist information centres;

The Wetland Centre, Barnes Leg of Mutton reservior, Barnes

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■ Kew Gardens www.kew.org There is a requirement for the provision of information and the sensitive signing of attractions ■ Public Records Office www.pro.gov.uk along the river. It is important that the siting and ■ The Wetland Centre www.wetlandcentre.org.uk design of information points, interpretation panels, signage and waymarking are carefully considered. ■ Young's Brewery Tour www.youngs.co.uk The Countryside Agency's Design Guide for the ■ National Army Museum www.national-army- Thames Path National Trail gives valuable guidance. museum.ac.uk Policy Recommendation RT19: All agencies ■ English Heritage www.english-heritage.org.uk involved with visitors to the Thames in West London should seek to co-ordinate their Amenity societies such as the Old Chiswick information and publicity material, especially Preservation Society produce valuable local guides. the provision and promotion of visitor guides, information points, the signing of attractions There is the opportunity for a new guide serving the London Thames from Hampton to Chelsea, which and waymarked trails. The co-ordinated use of the Internet as a very important should include local history and information which communication tool should be promoted. will inform both local people and visitors about the Thames and its surrounds. This should be a joint Museums and Discovery Centres initiative between the five local authorities and all agencies involved with visitors to the Thames. It Each local authority area has museums which are could be one of three such guides to the Thames in valuable community and education resources. They London, the other two covering the Thames in have an important role to play as a central resource ■ Hidden Places and Open Spaces - is a free central London and the Thames Estuary. for local records and archives relating to the leaflet jointly prepared by the London Borough Thames and its historic riverside settlements. The of Richmond and Community Initiative The guides should be distributed effectively in museums generally provide the following services: Partnership, on behalf of the London Borough places where the general public would expect to ■ Education services and special activities for of Hounslow. find visitor information, for example Tourist Information Centres (TIC's), libraries, museums, pre-booked school parties, with resource In addition to the above leaflets and guides there visitor attractions, public transport interchanges, packs for teachers; are also the following free leaflets and information hotels, pubs, and other outlets. ■ Outreach services for adult groups including available on the Internet for individual visitor evening lectures; attractions: Information on the Thames should both inform and educate the visitor about environmental issues, ■ Local records and archives, including ■ Kew Bridge Steam Museum www.kbsm.org encouraging them to appreciate the natural photographic collections; environment and behave in a way sensitive to it.

3.79 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

■ Exhibitions and events; Heritage Trail which includes the Wandle Delta and Gallery" which tells the fascinating history of water the Thames riverside. The Museum of Fulham supply and usage in London from Roman times to ■ Guided walks. Palace is the closest to the Thames within the the Thames Water Ring Main. This is a particularly The museums hold special events relating to the study area. The museums have active support relevant exhibit for the Kew to Chelsea reach of the Thames, for example The Museum of Richmond groups, for example the Wandsworth Historical river which has a number of former waterworks and held a special exhibition "Richmond's River" from Society. The Museum of Richmond is an reservoirs. The museum also has an educational August 2001 to January 2002. Wandsworth independent museum created by local residents; it officer. Museum has promoted the Wandsworth Town is registered as a charity and charges admission. The remainder of museums are free. Policy Recommendation RT20: The network of local museums should be encouraged to The local museums are: continue to provide an important community ■ The Richmond Museum resource and promote a better understanding of the local history of the Thames and its ■ Gunnersbury Park Museum, which records the riverside settlements. The discovery centres local and social history of Hounslow and exhibitions within the Wetland Centre and ■ The Museum of Fulham Palace the Kew Bridge Steam Museum should be ■ Wandsworth Museum encouraged to continue to provide their respective interpretations of wetlands and the The study area is fortunate in having major award- history of water supply. The future "River Life" winning exhibition facilities at the new Wetland exhibit at the Wetland Centre should be Centre at Barn Elms. There are two exhibition encouraged as the focus for the interpretation areas, "World Wetlands" and "Waterlife" and a of the ecology of the tidal Thames in London. state of the art visitor centre - the Peter Scott Centre. There is also a changing programme of special events, courses and workshops. Festivals and Events

There are proposals for a third main exhibition Festivals "River Life" which will look at the ecology of the Thames from its source to the sea. This will include Many international cities have used festivals to exhibits where visitors can walk under a focus attention back upon what might have been reconstruction of the Thames. This proposed neglected waterfronts or river prospects. The interactive exhibition has the potential to be a major Stockholm Water Festival has been one of the "green" visitor destination helping visitors to most well known water festivals in any major city in understand the fragile ecology of the tidal Thames. Europe. This large-scale event is focused around water-based activities - sailing displays, regattas, The Kew Bridge Steam Museum, just outside the water-based spectacles and evening fireworks. Kew Bridge Steam Museum study area at Brentford, has a new "Water for Life

3.80 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

Other well known river festivals include the Hudson unprecedented levels of access, and extended a seeking to encourage wider participation and River Festival, also known as the Clearwater special welcome to visitors, as part of the London volunteer involvement and to ensure that events, Festival, after the original project in 1966 was set String of Pearls Millennium Festival. All of these places or collections are perceived as relevant and up to reverse the pollution of the River Hudson, and attractions, and in many cases world-famous involving by the local community in terms of their whose first activity was the building of a boat, 'The landmarks, are situated within 10 minutes' walk experience, lifestyle and culture. The organisers Clearwater', and using it as a focus for waterside from the River Thames in London. They combined are consulting with communities on what to educational projects. The Clearwater organises to create a "string of pearls" from Kew to celebrate and propose to link with or build on summer camps, boating events for children, clean- Greenwich, threaded together by the Thames Path, existing projects or community festivals. The up days for volunteers. Meanwhile the Hudson River the London Thames Cycle Route, and boat theme of the festival is royalty and royal project publishes local maps, guidebooks, and services. The festival included privileged access to associations over the century and its overall aim fishing guides. institutions, exhibitions, special tours, will be to increase understanding, recognition and enjoyment of our social and institutional heritage. performances, concerts, son et lumière, parades Participating institutions will have the capacity to In Brisbane, Australia, the annual Riverfestival, and new works. Some organisations opened their produce a programme of linked events. The festival which grew out of the 1988 Expo held in the city, doors for the first time and others created access programme ran from the 1st January 2001 for the has become the country's largest annual festival. It to parts of their buildings not previously visited. is focused on the environmental aspects of river whole of the Calender year. A number of quality, and the vital role that rivers and waterways The majority of the events and attractions included institutions within or adjoining the study area have play in the life of the city. Brisbane is now the in the London “String of Pearls” Millennium Festival already indicated their intention to participate in the centre of an international network of cities were clustered in central London with smaller Golden Jubilee Festival, including Fulham Palace, organising river activities. groups at Greenwich and Chelsea/Battersea. The the company of Watermen and Lightermen, National Army Museum and Royal Botanic existing Thames Festival focused on the South Gardens, Kew. The GLC administration from 1981 - 1986 Bank was one of the 300 events. sponsored a number of large festivals on the Festivals, such as the Golden Jubilee Festival Thames, invariably close to the centre of the city, The River from Kew to Chelsea with the exception provide the basis of an opportunity to provide and these have proven to have been important in of the Chelsea and Battersea reach was generally access to the Thames between Kew and Chelsea creating a greater interest in the River and a underpresented in the Millennium Festival with only and to develop a programme of linked events. The three visitor attractions: the Royal Botanic stronger sense of London identity. The present “String of Pearls” concept could also form the basis Gardens, Kew; the Public Records Office, Kew; Thames Festival continues this tradition, and while of future festivals in the study area. still centred around the Embankment and South and the Wetlands Centre at Barn Elms. Bank sections of the River, does bring wider Policy Recommendation RT21: Festivals have Following the success of the London String of an important role to play in creating a greater attention to the River as a whole. Pearls Millennium Festival, a second event is interest in the Thames, realising the tourist currently being planned. The London String of The Thames played a central role in the nation's potential of the river and providing a focus for Pearls Golden Jubliee Festival seeks to increase Millennium celebrations. More than sixty of the waterside educational and community access to cultural and heritage activities through nation's greatest institutions embodied in buildings projects. The "string of pearls" concept should greater cultural diversity and social inclusion. It is and organistions on the river granted

3.81 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea be promoted where appropriate with visitor TIDE publicises the various river related activities, attractions and events in the upper reaches of facilities and events on the River as well as the river in West London linked together by promoting the Great River Race, but claims there is the Thames Path, the London Thames Cycle little support from the London Tourist Board or local Route and improved river boat services. authorities for promoting the River. Attitudes Institutions and community groups should be towards events on the River appear to differ encouraged to participate in fesitvals such as markedly between different riparian boroughs. the London String of Pearls Golden Jubilee Although events add life and colour to the river, and Festival. Guidelines should be prepared for create employment and economic benefit through Festivals related to the River. attracting visitors, they can disturb the peace and tranquillity of the river and create disturbance, litter, Events noise, traffic congestion and other problems. It has been suggested that there is not always sufficient A large number of events take place on the River consultation with other users of the River and river- Minor Events and Regattas are Organised by Local and riverside. These range from the University Boat related facilities. Local residents, therefore, are Rowing and Sailing Clubs Race and Heads of the River Races to minor events often resistant to events and councils can be and regattas organised by rowing and sailing clubs reluctant to issue licences under environmental Policy Recommendation RT22: Well organised and local sea cadets and sea scouts. An health legislation or they impose punitive conditions events can bring life and colour to the River; increasingly important event is the Great River which undermine their viability. provide a source of funding for charities; and Race, which attracts 2500 competitors and is the support the work of volunteer groups who largest of its kind in Europe. The Thames Path The important issues for events on the River are have the Thames as their focus, local National Trail is regularly used for weekend funding, co-ordination, safety, river sense and conservation groups, historical societies, and sponsored charity walks. These can dominate the timing (both in relation to tides and other events). educational trusts. Appropriate events should often narrow riverside walk and prevent cycling on There is a Teddington to Tower Bridge River Users be encouraged within the study area and shared sections. Group, promoted by the EA with the co-operation of relevant guidelines prepared. the PLA, which meets twice a year to discuss and plan events. The PLA has sole responsibility for the co-ordination of dates for events. The potential for further events is constrained by the factors described above but also because it is difficult for people to commit themselves to organising and funding events when they already have a calendar of responsibilities to fulfil. There may be scope to extend elements of the Thames Festival to the study area. University Boat Race

3.82 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

An Integrated Tourism the Thames) for tourist growth. The main issues Strategy for the River from a tourism perspective are: lack of continuity and coherence of the Thames Path (for example in The Tourism Strategy for London 1997-2000, Hammersmith only half the path is on the river front produced by the London Tourist Board, includes a - otherwise it follows a sometimes tortuous route); brief section on the River Thames in which it states some attractions are not available to the public (eg that the Thames is still perceived as an underused Hurlingham Club); are in need of investment (eg asset both for leisure/commuter use and for freight. open spaces, piers); are not fulfilling their potential The Strategy describes a number of river-related (eg Fulham Palace); are seen as private enclaves initiatives such as the Thames Path and cycle where the public is not welcome (eg Chelsea path, and river crossings and raises a number of Harbour); do not respond to their riverside location issues such as the need to improve the quality of (eg Riverside Studios); or are undeveloped (eg piers to enhance passenger services. The Strategy Battersea Power Station). Other weaknesses are a recommends a number of actions to exploit the perceived lack of hotel accommodation, lack of high tourist potential of the Thames. These include: profile tourist attractions and poor environmental quality in some areas. ■ Encouraging further investment in piers and leisure boats; Tourism in the study area to date has developed in a piecemeal fashion, and the role of the river in ■ Encouraging use of the River in association tourism development has been marginal. The tourist with new riverside visitor facilities; Strategies are Needed to Encourange potential of the River is not co-ordinated or River-Related Activities promoted by the agencies responsible (although ■ Completion of the Thames Path National Trail Richmond and Wandsworth are part of the South and associated waymarking, lighting and visitors to their own Borough. Hammersmith and West London Tourism Group which aims to co- information; Fulham, for example, estimate that 20,000 people ordinate tourism in this part of the capital). Tourist visit the Borough daily for overnight stays and ■ Supporting events on the River; information and development activities are not well leisure purposes. developed on the whole with only Hammersmith and ■ Encouraging better quality riverside urban Local Authority Visitor Strategies Fulham, Hounslow and Richmond having dedicated design. services. Furthermore, apart arguably from There is a widespread view that river-related Richmond, the riparian boroughs suffer from the It has been estimated that the number of tourists to tourism within the study area is under-developed. absence of a positive image or brand as a tourist London will double in the next 20 years. Data on This is acknowledged in the London Tourist Board's destination. Whilst it is true that tourists visit the number of visitors to the Thames and riverside Tourism Strategy and in the riparian boroughs' own attractions and not a Borough, tourists are also facilities are not readily available, although some of visitor strategies. All five boroughs have produced drawn to destinations which are perceived to be the riparian councils in the study area have policy statements or visitor action plans which appealing in terms of their aesthetic qualities, attempted to produce estimates of the number of seek to exploit the potential of their area (including heritage associations, critical mass of attractions

3.83 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea and facilities or other holistic characteristics. These Policy Recommendation RT24: Closer co- can be promoted using place marketing ordination of activities in promoting recreation techniques. and tourism on the Thames should be considered and the respective roles of the Cycle tourism is internationally recognised as one various agencies clarified and more clearly of the fastest growing tourism industries, The defined. completion of the National Cycle Network and improvements to the Thames Path may have local economic potential.

However, in seeking to address these concerns and increase the tourism potential of the River in the study area, care must be taken not to destroy the peace Chiswick Pier and tranquillity of parts of the River, which is the quality most appreciated by the majority of visitors, and not to adversely affect the environment of the Promotion of Recreation and Tourism River by exacerbating traffic or parking problems, by within the Thames Corridor allowing unsympathetic development or disturbing local residents. It is also important to preserve the Finally, there is the issue of the management of fragile ecology of the River and riverside. Tourism recreation and tourism within the Thames corridor therefore needs to be developed in a sustainable way and funding of improvements. It has been - one which respects the capacity and integrity of the suggested that the role of the various management local physical and social infrastructure. agencies is ambiguous and needs clarifying. The riparian Boroughs are financially constrained and Policy Recommendation RT23: The Visitor do not have the resources to implement Strategies of the riparian Boroughs should be improvements, thus relying on mechanisms such co-ordinated with proposals for the River as Section 106 agreements which are not always developed by the South West London Tourism easy to negotiate or enforce. It has been Group, the London Tourist Board and the commented that a stronger partnership needs to be Mayor's emerging Cultural Strategy for developed which combines public management and London, to ensure a single integrated commercial boating management to address, for framework for tourism development along the example, casual visitor moorings. Examples of Thames corridor in West London. In seeking to charitable trusts which have been set up to provide increase the tourism potential of the River, facilities for recreation and tourism already exist at tourism should be developed in a sustainable Chiswick Pier and Barn Elms. way.

3.84 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

3.85 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea

■ Management of the strategic road network; The strategy recognises the River Thames as an MOVEMENT important component of a sustainable London. The ■ Operation of London River Services. availability of interchange facilities is seen as Context TfL is under the direct control of the Mayor who is crucial to promoting its potential transport use. responsible for the preparation of an integrated About 3 million passengers a year use the This section of the interim strategy report identifies transport strategy for London, published in July Thames, predominantly for leisure purposes and in a number of initial opportunities that will enhance 2001 and has powers to fund new services, make excess of 10 million tonnes of freight is carried. It the understanding and management of movement investments and introduce new systems. The will be important to make the best use of the within the study area. Whilst the opportunities are London Assembly was consulted on the Mayor's Thames for transport but there are significant safety vast, the strategy seeks to identify solutions which integrated transport strategy and will inspect and issues. The strategy seeks to maximise the safe are both attainable and sustainable. approve the Mayor's budget. use of the Thames for passenger services and freight use and proposes to take the lead in The context for transport in London is substantially The Boroughs will continue to play a vital role in undertaking a safety review of passenger services influenced by the formation of a new body London's transport and remain the highway and working with relevant partners. responsible for transport in London. Transport for traffic authorities for 95% of roads in London. They London (TfL) is accountable to the Mayor and will work in partnership with the Mayor to deliver the The strategy recognises that the recent responsible for delivering an integrated and transport strategy and will be required to put into development of new piers and the introduction of sustainable transport strategy for London. London effect Local Implementation Plans detailing their passenger services have encountered financial Transport, London Underground Ltd (LUL) and a proposals for achieving the Transport Strategy for difficulties and it concludes that whilst river number of other organisations have been wound up their area. It may not be possible to include all passenger services are likely to remain a niche and their resources transferred to Transport for desirable schemes in Boroughs Local service, they could provide a valuable adjunct and London (although in the case of LUL, this will not Implementation Plans owing to the need to alternative to the land based network. Options happen until after the issue of Public Private prioritise schemes on a five year investment/funding identified for increasing the use of the Thames Partnership has been agreed). Their powers are basis. include developing further piers as appropriate, divided between the Mayor and TfL. The Mayor is examining the viability of extending services, statutorily responsible for transport strategy and TfL The central objective of the Transport Strategy improving their regularity and frequency or is the executive agency. (finalised in June 2001) is to increase the efficiency introducing new services. The lack of integration and quality of London's transport system. The with other services is seen as an impediment to To enable TfL to deliver the Mayor's integrated strategy proposes to address the problem of increased use of the Thames for passenger transport strategy, TfL is responsible for the congestion by a combination of improvements in services and the need for consideration to be given following: public transport and the introduction of a to signing, information, good interchange, closer congestion charging scheme to deter unnecessary ■ Management of the buses; fare integration and attractive access routes is car journeys in central London. ■ Management of the underground;

3.86 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations highlighted. The strategy proposes that options for Integral to a good transportation plan, to assist all extending use of the Thames for regular and users of Thames-side routes is the provision of frequent passenger travel will be explored including clear interpretation and signposting, integrated with extending TfL ownership of piers. The strategy also a design scheme along the routes. states that TfL will explore measures to integrate fares, ticketing and information on river services Public Transport with land based public transport. For the purposes of this Strategy, public transport In transport terms, the Thames is more important is identified as the existing rail, tube and bus for freight than passengers and use of the River for network within the vicinity of the study area. The freight movement brings significant environmental Freight transport on the River Thames crucial issue of improving or increasing the number benefits. The strategy states that in order to ensure of public transport interchanges within the area is that there is the opportunity to retain existing addressed in order to make travelling within London freight transport use and to develop freight usage in more convenient for passengers. River services are the future, it is essential that wharves and passenger and freight transport and for improved addressed in a later section. interchange facilities are protected. The cross-river linkages and puts forward a number of Government's system of wharf safeguarding has strategic policies relating to the following topic Within the study area, the degree of penetration now been transferred to the Mayor. Currently, 30 areas: and frequency of public transport connections to wharves upstream of the Thames Barrier are the River varies significantly, with some areas being ■ Public Transport; protected and proposals for the safeguarding of a more accessible than others. There is limited rail/ further 44 downstream wharves are currently under ■ Cross-river Connections; underground access on the north side of the River consideration. The Mayor's London Plan (LP) will between Hammersmith Bridge and Putney Bridge ■ Strategic Links; determine safeguarding for wharves. Transport for although bus routes serve this area. Other parts of London will work with other parties to identify ■ Accessibility; the study area are poorly served by rail/ underground (within the stated 800m walking options for increasing freight use of the River ■ Riverbus Services; Thames and the Mayor will support the retention of distance catchment area) are the areas east of freight interchange facilities, in particular through ■ Freight Transport; and Wandsworth Bridge towards Albert Bridge. Some supplementary bus routes serve these areas but the LP safeguarding wharves and the London ■ Waste Transfer. Development Agency encouraging business to use there is clearly potential to improve accessibility to river freight facilities. A crucial aspect of the Thames Strategy - Kew to public transport services in these areas. The Chelsea will be the promotion and encouragement provision of bus lanes could be considered within This section specifically identifies opportunities at a of effective interchange between different transport and in the vicinity of the study area to allow for strategic level to promote the use of the River for modes. ease of movement for road based public transport in the area.

3.87 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea

The provision of comprehensive real-time ■ Simple to understand; Wandsworth Pier. A station is proposed as part of information on the roads, rail and tubes would the development of Imperial Wharf which could link ■ significantly improve public transport services. Clearly set out 'in plain English' - unambiguous into a riverbus service at Chelsea Harbour Pier. Signing for example at bus stops could be and legible and /or audible; There is a requirement to upgrade existing stations, improved and information boards provided to show ■ Reliable i.e. accurate; where passengers are and points of interest in the including improvements to waiting facilities and vicinity. It will be important to make signage and ■ Usable by everyone and where required, adjoining environments, lift access, passenger and information systems inviting and user friendly. provided in formats for people with sensory, train information, security measures and provision learning and linguistic problems; of taxi ranks at key locations along the River. To improve accessibility by tourists, consideration should be given to the introduction of tourist routes ■ Available - where people plan their journeys These interchanges should be as close to the River (eco-buses) which could link areas of interest such and throughout their journeys; or bridges as possible in order to extend the as Kew Gardens, Chiswick House, Barn Elms catchment area of the River as a recreational ■ Wetland Centre, Fulham Palace, Chelsea Physic Consistent in terms of presentation so that it resource, and to increase the viability of is easy to follow throughout the journey and Garden, Royal Hospital, Battersea Park and commercial riverside features such as pubs and across the whole of London; Battersea Power Station. cafes. Successful integration will depend on good co-ordination between transport providers and local ■ Comprehensive without being confusing; Public Transport Interchanges authorities. Where appropriate, provision should be ■ Reassuring - in the 'right place at the right made for tourist coaches and taxis to pick up and Many of the key facets of public transport time'; set down, as well as disabled parking spaces and integration come together at interchanges including cycle stands. The proposed stations on the West information, ticketing, accessibility, service co- ■ Up to date and with 'real-time' information; and London Line and improved bus facilities at Imperial ordination, and personal security. The provision of Wharf will provide an important interchange and ■ Whenever relevant the information should be effective interchange does not necessarily have to point of access to the River. This would be multi-modal. be viewed on a large scale. Small interchanges enhanced if the proposed Hackney-South West can in practice be just as important and in many Current public transport interchanges are available underground line was also routed here. instances, the provision of bus stops alongside a at Hammersmith and Putney. Additional Policy Recommendation M1: Transport for local station, good information, signage, shelters interchanges could be considered within the London should work with the riparian and convenient road crossings may be all that is redevelopment of Battersea Power Station which authorities and other partners to improve required. may ease current pressure on Victoria and at Kew interchange between public transport modes Bridge Station which could link to a riverbus Improved linkages are crucial, for example between in the vicinity of the River; provide appropriate service, with a subsequent link to Kew Gardens Hammersmith Broadway Transport Interchange and public transport interchanges in proximity to tube station. Other opportunities exist at the River where way-finding could be dramatically focal points of activity on the Riverside; and Wandsworth Town Rail Station which could link to, improved to and from the River. Information at rail make it easier for people to access the public and tube stations, bus stops / stations should be: potentially, two new piers, at Gargoyles Wharf and

3.88 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations transport system via walking and cycling from Policy Recommendation M6: Improved new build or as an add-on to existing rail bridges. the Riverside. pedestrian and cycle linkages should be Cycle-ramps should be added to existing provided between public transport footbridges, where possible. The potential for the Policy Recommendation M2: Public transport interchanges and facilities and the riverside introduction of new or improved river crossings has interchanges should be provided as close to and a high quality of information and signage been identified at the following locations: the River or bridges as possible. Consideration provided to facilitate access to the River. should be given by Transport for London and ■ Between Kew and Chiswick utilising the the riparian authorities in the preparation of existing railway bridge; Local Transport Implementation Plans to the Cross-River Connections ■ establishment of public transport interchanges Enhanced pedestrian/ cycle facilities at There are opportunities to improve pedestrian at Imperial Wharf/Chelsea Harbour, Battersea Barnes Railway Bridge; linkages between key developments/ attractions, Power Station, Kew Bridge Station and transport interchange points and the River. As in ■ A new ferry crossing at Chiswick Pier; Wandsworth Town Station and for pedestrian the case of the Cross River Partnership, and cycle linkages to be provided between ■ A new pedestrian/cycle bridge or ferry improvements can be promoted to improve the new and existing interchanges and the crossing north of Fulham Football Ground; synergy and physical connections between the Riverside, piers and river bus services. north and south banks of the River. This could be ■ A new pedestrian/cycle crossing utilising Policy Recommendation M3: Transport for achieved by providing additional pedestrian links Battersea Railway Bridge; London and its partners should develop an across the river or by utilising existing railway ■ A new crossing associated with the information policy that ensures that all bridges. Additional links could also be provided development of Battersea Power Station Londoners and visitors can easily find out the through the introduction of seasonal ferries / boats. best travel options for their needs. Pedestrian / cycle bridges are considered as either utilising Grosvenor Railway Bridge.

Policy Recommendation M4: Transport for London and the riparian authorities should work in partnership with other bodies to improve existing stations including improvements to waiting facilities, lift access, security and passenger and train information.

Policy Recommendation M5: Consideration could be given to the provision at appropriate public transport interchanges for tourist coaches and taxis to pick up and set down and for the provision of disabled parking spaces and cycle stands. Battersea Railway Bridge

3.89 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea

These river crossings will substantially improve the Strategic Links segregated wherever possible and should be connections between the north and south banks of accessible to disabled people. This latter issue is There is potential to improve facilities for the river and facilitate movement within the area. discussed under the next topic area and in the pedestrians and cyclists as a means of promoting The visual appearance of these bridges, the impact Recreation and Tourism section. The path improved inter-linkages within the study area. of adding new pedestrian and cycle crossings to alongside the river should, as a general principle be existing structures, and the impact on the local SUSTRANS has commenced work on the 'Thames continuous and emphasis should be placed on environment and on strategic and local views Cycle Route', which forms part of the National providing missing sections, including the should be given full and careful consideration and a Cycle Network. This is intended to assist and continuation of the Thames Path National Trail high quality of design will be required. It is also encourage both recreational and commuting under the bridges to avoid pedestrian/cycle/vehicle important that maintenance of these crossings is cyclists. The Thames Cycle Route is also being conflicts and also to enable increased use of the given high priority. The PLA should be consulted integrated into the London Cycle Network, which river by the mobility impaired. It should provide a regarding the implications for navigation of new Boroughs are implementing with assistance from safe route and provision should be made for a high structures. the Government. The Countryside Agency's quality of street furniture, lighting, signing and scheme to create the Thames Path National Trail information points. As a general requirement, all new river crossings through London is also well advanced. Both the should include information about the area and Pedestrian and cycle routes should also be Thames Path National Trail and the Thames Cycle appropriate signing. improved to and from the river. These should either Route link into the strategic networks being be visible links i.e. along corridors or be adequately developed to promote walking and cycling as Policy Recommendation M7: The provision of sign-posted and should be satisfactorily transport modes within London. new or improved river crossings for maintained. These routes should link the River to pedestrians and cyclists should be encouraged Where practicable, riverside pathways should be main points of interest and public interchanges / subject to navigational and environmental designed for both pedestrian and cycling use, bus stops / car parks in the area. Maintenance of considerations. Riparian authorities should good quality surfacing will be a key requirement. work closely with other partner bodies to facilitate the provision of new river crossings Strategic links to and from the River could include: and to include proposals in Local Transport ■ Linkages between attractions e.g: Kew Implementation Plans. Consideration should Gardens to Chiswick House; be given to utilising existing crossings at Kew ■ Link between Chiswick, Barnes Bridge, Barn Bridge, Barnes Bridge, Putney Railway Bridge, Elms and Putney; Battersea Railway Bridge and Grosvenor ■ Bridge, subject to impact on the local A bridge across Chelsea Creek as part of Lots environment and on strategic and local views. Road Development Plan; The PLA must be consulted regarding the ■ Wandsworth Town Centre and the Wandle implications for navigation of proposed new Mouth; and structures. Potential to use arch under ■ Battersea Park Station to Victoria Station via Chiswick Bridge for Thames Path Grosvenor Bridge. 3.90 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

the River with appropriate way-marking. steepness, gradient of ramps, cross slope and Where practicable, riverside pathways should facilities. Information about the Thames Path be designed for segregated pedestrian and National Trail should also be available in several cycling use. formats including visual, braille and audio, and in several languages. Policy Recommendation M10: The establishment of a continuous river walk on Partnerships between organisations for the both banks of the River should be encouraged disabled and public transport providers should be and the provision of missing sections should encouraged. For the great majority of users with be promoted including the continuation where disabilities the car will continue to be the main Signing, Thames Path, Putney appropriate of the Thames Path National Trail mode of transport. Car parking for disabled users Policy Recommendation M8: Access to the under the bridges taking into account potential should be provided as close to the river as possible River Thames should be improved and impacts on the ecology and storage capacity and could be combined with a taxi pick-up/drop-off implementation of the Thames Path National of the River. point. These areas should be safe and secure. Trail should be supported. Links with the Potential sites for car parks exist at Barn Elms and National Cycle Network, the Thames Cycle Policy Recommendation M11: New strategic at Dukes Meadows. The feasibility of controlled Route should also be improved. links to and from the River should be actively parking around Broomhouse Lane drawdock should promoted including linkages between be considered. Development of riverside sites should be attractions, between the River and town There could be an opportunity to take forward the required to provide a permanent, continuous centres and between public transport facilities. and high quality public right of way that is, approaches pioneered in the Cross River wherever possible, adjacent to the River with Accessibility Partnership including the establishment of an Eco- links to the surrounding network and without bus (an electric or LPG-powered bus) route along As a general objective, the overall Strategy should restricted access hours. The design of new both sides of the river. Alternatively one or more work towards a more inclusive society through sections of the riverside path should tourist 'loops' could be considered within the study providing better access for all and improving the incorporate full accessibility, including full area, which could include improvements to the quality of life. Many groups in society experience access for disabled people, way marking and surrounding streetscape, such as traffic calming particular barriers in using the transport system other sign posting and street furniture to and the provision of new street furniture. through the failure of the existing system to meet indicate links to other walking routes, stations Accessibility to stations / public interchanges their specific needs. There is a requirement for and bus stops. The riverside walk should be improvements to public and community transport. should be considered in addition to the environment physically integrated into its surroundings at the station i.e. most public transport stations through the provision of links to it which are There may be physical barriers to improving (except for the new Jubilee Line) are inaccessible extensions to the existing network of streets. accessibility for the disabled to parts of the River. to wheelchair users and offer poor integration Information is vital to the disabled user and should between transport modes at stations. The waiting Policy Recommendation M9: Pedestrian and include details of path surfaces, path width, gate environment should be made safe and secure for cycle routes should be improved to and from widths, steps, passing places, resting places, vulnerable users of the system. 3.91 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea

Accessibility should be improved by making the Policy Recommendation M12: The riverside Riverbus Services Thames Path National Trail continuous and walk and other linkages should be designed upgrading certain sections of the path to take into so as to be accessible to disabled people, to The River Thames was historically an important consideration wheelchair users. Furthermore, be safe and secure and constructed to a mode of public transport within London. Although paths should be built under the bridges in order that specification and standard suitable for other forms of transport now offer faster and a change of level is not required. Sections of the adoption. cheaper means of public transport, the River is Thames Path National Trail which could be undeniably an under-utilised asset. Due to the improved either under, over or around the Policy Recommendation M13: Car parking for increasing pressure on the existing road and rail abutments are located at Kew Bridge, Barnes disabled users should be provided as close to networks, there is a growing interest in assessing Railway Bridge (north side), Putney Railway the River as possible and improved the feasibility of capitalising on what is essentially Bridge, Wandsworth Bridge, Chelsea Bridge and accessibility to stations and other public a natural resource, which is both attractive in its Grosvenor Railway Bridge. From a safety aspect, transport facilities should be promoted. own right and environmentally less damaging. consideration should be given to access / egress Policy Recommendation M14: Consideration New piers are proposed, which not only will points at intervals along the River without detracting should be given to the provision of an Eco-bus enhance regeneration of the area (by bringing from the importance of some stretches being a route along both sides of the River to facilitate tourists as well as Londoners to the areas) but quiet and tranquil environment. improved accessibility to the riverside. could act as a viable alternative to using the road or Putney Pier rail based network for commuters. Currently, only Kew and Chelsea are served by river services. Kew Pier is served by a tourist boat from Westminster Pier and there is a commuter service from Chelsea Harbour (operated in connection with the Conrad Hotel and not open to the general public) and a privately run passenger service has recently started between Cadogan Pier and Blackfriars with an intermediate stop at Westminster. The viability of commuter services is currently considered to be restricted as there is an issue of speed limits (8 knots) and tidal and depth of river variations which reduce journey time predictability.

Transport for London is currently developing proposals for new river services to be operated by a consortium of operators. The proposals are at an

3.92 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations early stage of development and will be the subject LB Wandsworth will encourage new riverside of full consultation with intrested parties. The industrial and commercial developments to provide preliminary proposals are for the operation of twelve landing stages where appropriate. LB boats from Canary Wharf to Wandsworth at Hammersmith & Fulham will support the use of the 15minute intervals. Existing river services have River Thames passenger transport services recently been partially intergrated into the wherever possible. This will be subject to local Travelcard system with discounts offered to environmental and amenity concerns, and to Travelcard holders. minimising adverse impact on the land uses at the bank, according to the Thames Strategy. The There is the potential to introduce cross river ferry Council will specifically encourage a river service services linking green areas or key interest areas between Central London, Chelsea Harbour and along the route. Consideration could be given to Hammersmith. seasonal ferry services (such as is found at / Marble Hill and at Hampton), for example A catalyst for the success of these piers is good Existing River services off Hurlingham between Ferry Lane (off Lonsdale Road, Barnes) access (visible links), a uniform high standard and and Church Street, Chiswick. There is potential for continued promotion of the services and the the more intensive use of existing piers such as attractions within the area e.g. links to piers from although the current thinking is that river passenger Putney Pier which has scope for use as a western attractions (such as Kew Gardens to Kew Pier), services will remain a niche service, albeit providing terminus for river services and as an introduction to car parks or stations within the area. a valuable adjunct and alternative to the land based the University Boat Race. Potential new piers network, the feasibility of implementing an initial Developers of all major riverside sites should be could form part of a 'hop on, hop-off' riverbus 'hop-on, hop-off' service should be considered. required to provide or consider the feasibility of service, with riverbus prices being integrated with facilities for future passenger services such as a One current, albeit large impediment to increased the existing ticketing system to incorporate buses, pier or to subsidise a hopper service between use of the Thames for passenger services is the underground and trains. The following locations for certain key locations. Other mechanisms include lack of integration with other transport services. new piers have been identified,with a number of lobbying the Major to provide future funds for Signing, information, good interchange and piers/moorings already approved as part of current passenger services on the river through congestion attractive access routes all need attention. The proposals: charging (or other forms of subsidy). potential for closer fare integration will require examination, but is likely to be a crucial aspect to ■ Mortlake, opposite Duke's Meadow; Lessons should be taken from recent developments its success. ■ Wandsworth to the east of Wandsworth Park relating to the Thames and the provision of utilising the former oil depot jetties; passenger services, which have included the Policy Recommendation M15: The co-ordinated development of new piers and the introduction of provision of public transport on the River ■ Gargoyle's Wharf; new services which have subsequently encountered should be promoted particularly based around ■ Battersea Park Pier; and financial difficulties. River services are a viable and focal points of activity, major riverfront sustainable means of transport internationally and developments and at other suitable locations. ■ Battersea Power Station Pier.

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Policy Recommendation M16: Existing piers The current challenge is in getting the materials retention of freight interchange facilities on the should be retained and enhanced as transported to and from loading and unloading sites Thames, in particular through the London Plan appropriate and the provision of new piers along the River. A collaborative approach is safeguarding wharves and the London Development encouraged at focal points of activity and in necessary across London, which focuses in Agency encouraging business to use river freight association with new riverside development particular on encouraging new facilities and facilities. subject to impact on navigation and protecting existing facilities supporting water-borne conservancy. A high quality of design will be freight movement. It is essential that the existing Road and Rail Access to Freight required. interchange facilities be protected. Wharves

Policy Recommendation M17: Options for The majority of the riparian authorities are in favour It is important that road and rail access to wharves extending use of the Thames for regular and of the use of the River Thames for passenger and/or is considered for loading and unloading water borne frequent passenger travel should be explored freight movements and will encourage, support and freight. The biggest difficulty in contemplating any and the introduction of new and extended promote such uses, particularly in association with expansion will be the location of transfer points, services encouraged as apart of a co- major riverside developments and other suitable which may conflict with residential uses. It is ordinated public transport strategy. locations. At the local level for example, LB important to note, however, that section 3.55 of Hounslow particularly supports the transfer of RPG 3B/9B states clearly that development control Policy Recommendation M18: Transport for freight movements from road to rail or water so as should be consistent in its support for existing London should explore measures to integrate to improve the environment. working wharves and that newly introduced uses fares, ticketing and information on river adjacent to working wharves must include suitable services with land based services and The GLA and Transport for London must work with provision for buffer zones, landscaping or sight and appropriate measures should be implemented. other parties to identify options for increasing the sound barriers. The need to safeguard land for use of the River for freight. The Mayor will support freight purposes is emphasised. Freight Transport A sustainable strategy must be developed which promotes the use of the River for freight transport, based on an understanding of current and future markets and land use pressures. In the context of national targets to reduce vehicle movements, the potential of the Thames is now more important for freight than passengers and brings significant environmental benefits. The PLA estimates that 4.7 million tonnes of aggregates are transported on the Thames each year.

RMC Wharf, Fulham Use of barges for freight

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Policy Recommendation M19: The GLA, PLA, marine repair facilities are listed below: encouraged. Transport for London and other bodies should ■ Kew Bridge; work in partnership to identify options for Policy Recommendation M23: All access ■ Strand-on-the-Grenn; increasing freight use of the River Thames. points on the River and the condition and use ■ Watney’s Mortlake; of each access point should be monitored. The Policy Recommendation M20: The use of the retention of drawdocks, slipways, steps and ■ Two Club Slipways on Duke’s Meadow; River for the movement of freight should be stairs and the construction of new facilities will encouraged by the retention of freight ■ Small Profits Dock, Barnes; be encouraged where these can provide safe handling facilities, and the safeguarding of ■ St Paul’s School; access to the River and foreshore. wharves. Businesses should be encouraged to ■ Barn Elms; Opportunities to maintain and where re-use freight facilities. Development on these appropriate, enhance access to the foreshore ■ sites for purposes that would preclude their Putney Drawdock (slipway); should be sought in conjunction with the PLA future use for the transhipment of freight will ■ Chiswick Quay Marina (slipway); subject to environmental and safety only be considered where it is demonstrated ■ Alan See Leisure Moorings (marine repairs) considerations. that the site is no longer viable as a transport Putney; site strategically important to safeguard the Policy Recommendation M24: The provision of ■ Capital Chandlers (marine repairs) Putney; continued operation and potential expansion moorings and associated facilities should be of freight movement on the Thames. Proposals ■ Chas Newens Marine (slipway/marine repairs) encouraged where appropriate as part of new should be accompanied by an assessment of Putney; developments in consultation with the PLA. local and strategic needs and potential. ■ Brewhouse Street, Putney; The use of the River for the transport of spoil and Policy Recommendation M21: Development in ■ Battersea Church Drawdock (slipway); building materials associated with the the vicinity of safeguarded wharves should be ■ Broomhouse Dock, Sands End; redevelopment of riparian sites should be encouraged. Examples of good practice include the required to minimise any conflict of use and ■ Hurlingham Yacht Club (marine repairs); disturbance which might jeopardise their London Eye and Hungerford Bridge for which all ■ Chelsea Yacht and Boat Company Ltd future use for cargo handling and associated building materials were transported by barge. (Boatbuilders and Repairers) Old Ferry Wharf, activities. Cheyne Walk; and Policy Recommendation M25: The use of the River for the transport of spoil and building Non-Freight Use ■ Grosvenor Dock (slipway). materials associated with the development of There may be opportunity to provide smaller scale Policy Recommendation M22/RC15: The riparian sites should be encouraged. Local river-related industrial wharves based on boat retention of existing riverside facilities authorities should promote the use of building and repair, or chandlers. There are including boat building sheds, marine conditions on planning permissions to require currently a number of marine services for river services, slipways, docks, and piers will be developers to use the river for this purpose. transport in the Study Area. Slip, drawdock and/or supported and the provision of new facilities

3.95 Thames Strategy- Kew t o Chelsea

Waste Transfer One response may be to manage a river collection system, whereby daily waste collections are The Mayor has a duty to publish a municipal waste brought by road to a central management depot, management strategy, covering issues such as the sorted and disposed of on-site or transported as recovery, treatment, disposal and recycling of part of a co-ordinated collection system (by the waste, with the power to direct local waste most sustainable means) to final processing collection authorities and waste disposal plants. authorities to ensure the strategy is delivered. The London Plan (LP) will support the Mayor's Policy Recommendation M26: Where a site is Municipal Waste Management Strategy through the used for the transfer of waste, consideration of identification of strategically important locations its future potential for re-use should be based and sustainable transport routes. Government on the assessment of the requirement to guidance states that, with regard to PPG10, the continue waste transfer and the consequent National Waste Strategy, other government role of the site in contributing to this. If the site guidance and EC legislation, the LP should: is a safeguarded wharf, development for evaluate the adequacy of existing strategically purposes which would preclude their future important waste management and disposal use for the transhipment of freight in general facilities to meet London's future needs; identify the will only be considered where it can be number and type of new and enhanced facilities demonstrated that the site is no longer one of required to meet those needs; and identify the essential minimum of transport sites opportunities for the location of such facilities and, strategically important in the Port of London where appropriate the criteria for the selection of context. Sites which are viable, or are capable sites. In doing so the LP should reflect the specific of being made viable, should also be retained. duty to promote transportation on the River Thames (GOL Circular 1/2000). It is within this context that the GLA may look at the safeguarded river sites as one potential opportunity for the location of new or enhanced waste management and disposal facilities.

Additional issues include how to move waste from water to land without causing the concentration of heavy vehicles on the surrounding road network (that is, where vehicles that previously journeyed to alternative management points are redirected).

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3.97 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

Within this context, the principal mechanism for Despite the many policies relating to new riverside SHAPING shaping development is the Unitary Development development in Adopted or Draft UDPs and Plan (UDP) and the forthcoming London Plan. All Supplementary Planning Guidance such as the DEVELOPMENT the local planning authorities within the study area London Borough of Wandsworth's "Guidelines for include policies in their respective UDPs relating to Thames Riverside Development", these policies both the built environment and riverside areas. have yet to make a significant impact on the Context However, whilst there is a general level of riverside environment in the manner envisaged in ‘Shaping development’ refers to the way that the consistency in terms of defining guidance for the RPG 3B/9B. Recent development has in general form, appearance and location of built development Thames Special Policy Area, there appears to be not produced the high quality of urban design is controlled and directed. limited co-ordination between the Boroughs in expected for this greatest of London assets and the terms of their treatment of the Thames or of objectives set out in the Strategic Planning The importance of development and the relationship contiguous riverside areas that traverse Guidance in this respect have generally not been to its surroundings is highlighted in the Strategic administrative boundaries. This issue has been realised. Planning Guidance for the Thames (RPG 3B/9B). particularly highlighted by the strong similarities in The development context has substantially The Guidance states that within the Thames Policy architecture, built form and layout characteristic of changed with the establishment of the Greater Area, local planning authorities should: many recent developments and the general lack of London Authority and election of the Mayor for distinctiveness in new development which has London. The London Plan will address a number ■ Include policies in their development plans for taken place within different parts of the study area. securing a high quality of design, appropriate of strategic policy areas that will be of direct The Regional Planning Guidance for the South to its context, for all riverside development and relevance to shaping development on or adjacent to East (RPG9) emphasises the need to improve the for enhancing urban design and the quality of the River: quality of life in urban areas. It recognises that the built environment; living in urban areas should be desirable with an ■ The promotion of sustainable development; ■ Encourage development which includes a efficient use of land and resources and increasing ■ Housing - including the need to make mixture of uses, including public uses, the sense of community. A holistic approach needs maximum use of previously developed land especially on the lower floors of buildings to be taken to the urban area with local ownership and the encouragement of more sustainable fronting the River and which provides an for the improvement of communities as a whole. patterns of housing development and good attractive, safe and interesting environment; This approach is supported in the Urban White design; and Paper which emphasises the need to raise the quality of life in urban areas and to re-use and ■ The built environment- including promotion of ■ Prepare design briefs (in consultation with regenerate brown field sites. The redevelopment of the urban renaissance through good urban landowners where appropriate) for sites where large sites can provide opportunities for design and improvement of the public realm major development is anticipated or where comprehensive schemes that can bring together and protection of areas of historical or important opportunities are identified for elements of sustainable development which are architectural interest; environmental or urban design improvements. sometimes lacking in piecemeal schemes.

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■ The natural and open environment- including ■ Built form (layout, and building design and should be undertaken in a manner that ensures the creation of green chains and the provision appearence and height); integration with the wider urban environment. An and enhancement of open space. understanding of context is of critical importance to ■ Detailing the riverside; and the creation of high quality places. The inital proposals in Towards the London Plan ■ Promoting design quality and the role of (May 2001) included the proposed designation of a Architectural Competitions. The River and riverside need to be integrated both Blue Ribbon Network to address the competing physically and visually with their surroundings. needs, uses and demands placed on the River. The Integration with Adjacent Direct, attractive, safe and secure connections Blue Ribbon Network is intended to create a Sites between the River and focal areas of activity, key common focus for ensuring the sustainable use features and attractions will help to create and regeneration of the Thames and associated The urban areas of London form part of an comfortable and accessible places. The aim should land along its route. In particular, it is intended to integrated whole and the character of these areas be to create an interconnected network of linkages ensure that any new development contributes to reflects their historic development. There is in with every site being designed in a way that the character of the River and achieves a high general a greater connectivity of sites, activities provides a direct connection with the adjacent quality of design; to enhance the use of the River and movement networks in historic urban areas street and footpath network. for leisure and transport and increase public such as Barnes, Mortlake, Old Chiswick, Integration in terms of land use, built form, access and safety and to review the protection Hammersmith Mall, Putney Embankment and the landscape, open space system, height, views and given to boatyards and application of the Chelsea Embankment and Cheyne Walk. vistas are also important in ensuring that new safeguarding process for wharves. In order to promote the integration of new development contributes to the quality and The key issues relevant to shaping development development with the established urban context character of the wider urban area. The table above and to achieving a vital, viable and sustainable and a more accessible and coherent urban form, identifies the key issues and design objectives to riverside are addressed in this section under the new riverside development requires an be considered in promoting integration between new following key topic areas: understanding of the context within which it is to development and the surrounding area. take place including an appraisal of local character ■ Integration with adjacent sites; Cheyne Walk ■ Strengthening identity and character;

■ Development and activity hubs;

■ Mixed use development;

■ Sustainable development;

■ Safeguarded wharves;

■ Making Connections;

■ Hierarchy of routes and spaces;

3.99 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea

Intergration with Adjacent site: Issues and Objectives Policy Recommendation SD1: Within the Thames Policy Area new development will be required to take into account the context and Issue Objectives local character of the area in addition to Streets and Paths Connection with the existing street and path network and transport issues relating to sustainability, social system. Creation of new through site links and removal of barriers for inclusion and regeneration. Development pedestrian movement to key features and attractions. proposals should be required to incorporate a contextual assessment of the site and its Land Use and Structure Appropriate mix of uses given the existing and proposed allocation of surroundings and clearly demonstrate how this activities in the area. Compatibility of proposed uses with context has informed scheme design. A adjacent activities in terms of environmental, social and economic contextual assessment of this type should impact. incorporate consideration of the full range of issues applying to the appropriate integration Built Form The creation of 'streets for living' with a clear public front and and contextual 'fit' of new development private back supporting a vital and viable public realm. Building proposals. materials, colours, massing and height compatible with existing adjacent areas.

Landscape and Open Space Casual surveillance of public spaces and connection to an open space system. Coordination of landscape materials and approach within the public realm system.

Views and Vistas Establishing a symbiotic and supportive relationship within a skyline. Avoiding negative impacts on strategic views, important local views, important local panoramas and important local prospects*

Strategic Planning Compatibility with the long term strategic objectives for a site or area.

* see Views and Landmarks section

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Strengthening Identity and riverside environment. High quality of design can although they must be undertaken in the context of Character make new development inspirational and contribute a detailed character assessment. This assessment to the character of an area. A response should be should form part of the Design Statement which The character of the Thames between Kew and encouraged which reflects the distinctive character developers should be required to submit giving Chelsea is diverse and varied. While the River may of the local area and promotes a high quality of details of the proposed development. have a regional identity and function, at the more design. In this way identity and character may be Policy Recommendation SD2: The Description local scale its character and identity varies strengthened, through contributing to and of Character Reaches should be included significantly from reach to reach. supporting the Quality of Place. The Urban Design within UDPs and Supplementary Planning 'Character' is a general term that defines the Compendium produced by English Partnerships Guidance and provide a basis for the essential quality of a place. It does not, however, and the Housing Corporation (Llewelyn Davies, assessment of contextual appropriateness and relate to a single quality, but to a wide variety of 2000) and the former DETR document ‘By Design - contribution of new development to character qualities, functions and historical development. The Urban Design in the Planning System: Towards and identity. prevalent feeling of a place or its “genius loci” arises Better Practice’ both include a useful classification Policy Recommendation SD3: Development from the complex interrelationship of physical and of urban design issues to which development proposals should be required to include a social geography, history and the morphology of proposals should respond. detailed character assessment of the site and urban form, the natural landscape and the quality of Clearly, a range of design actions can be promoted its surroundings. Issues to be considered buildings and other man made objects. to support and enhance local disctinctiveness, should include: identity and character, ranging from landscape and An examination of landscape character has ■ Roles and relationships of the development architectural detailing through to urban structure informed the identification and assessment of the site to its local and strategic context; eight character reaches in the Kew to Chelsea and approaches to built form. These approaches ■ Relationship to contiguous areas (land stretch of the River Thames. can contribute to local identity and distinctiveness, uses, views and skyline etc); Each of these areas has a clear and identifiable ■ Relationship to river channel including character and sense of place. Despite this, recent river wall, foreshore, riverside walk, green developments have not in general contributed to, or chain and open space; enhanced this quality. Recent developments ■ Historical associations, archaeology and display a certain "sameness" in their design, form morphology; and the palette of materials used, with little to ■ Cultural associations and heritage; distinguish the character of one site from another. In many cases, there appears to be a typical built ■ Streetscape and public realm; form and layout for new residential developments, ■ Links to green chains and corridors; with architectural detailing forming the only contrast ■ Buildings, structures and spaces; between sites. ■ Uses and activities; A fresh approach is required, whereby new ■ Visual analysis; and development will be promoted in a way which will ■ Biodiversity issues. enhance the character and appearance of the Regents Wharf, Fulham

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Character and Identity: Key Issues ■ Mixed use development may not be appropriate in all locations ; Issue Scope ■ The need for greater cross river interaction and Regional Identity What are the common characteristics; physical, social or economic, ` synergy; that are common to the region? ■ Similarity in the form, layout and appearance Linkages to How do connections define the settlement characteristics? Is it a linear of recent and proposed developments; Surroundings structure or part of a wider grid of streets? ■ The characteristics of the identified character Local Character What are the elements of local distinctiveness, both in the form of the reaches should be reflected in the nature and place and the way it is used? How does it relate to the Character form of any future development/ change. Reach? Are there any local materials, forms or features that may inform the design? A co-ordinated approach is required in order to achieve an appropriate level of consistency, while Morphology What has given shape to the local morphology - historic routes, block also recognising variations in character between patterns, building heights and massing, local vernacular etc? How do different reaches and the need to establish strong these present opportunities for appropriate design? and focused centres of activity. In response to Natural Features Are there any ecological or geological features that can be highlighted these issues, a number of development and activity and contribute to the design? hubs are proposed.

Socio-economic What are the demographics of the area and are there particular local The proposed development and activity hubs in the Profile traditions and events to draw from? Kew to Chelsea stretch of the River are identified on Figure 3.8. These are focused on river Urban Design Compendium (Llewelyn Davies (2000)) crossings and comprise Kew Bridge, the south ■ A lack of focal points along some stretches of bank of Chiswick Bridge, Queens Wharf/ Development and Activity Hubs the River; Hammersmith Bridge, Putney Bridge, Wandsworth Bridge, Battersea Rail Bridge, Chelsea/ Grosvenor A number of key issues highlight the need for a ■ The need for an integrated approach to forward Bridges and Vauxhall Bridge. consistent and co-ordinated forward planning planning in order to co-ordinate incremental approach to the development of riverside areas development over time; Vauxhall Bridge is included as a development and between Kew and Chelsea. These include: activity hub although part of the area falls outside ■ The need to consider the interrelationship the study area. There will be a requirement to ■ A lack of co-ordination and integration between between development sites. Development sites coordinate initiatives with the London Borough of development sites; have generally been considered in isolation Lambeth, City of Westminster, GLA and Cross ■ Pressures for the redevelopment of sites from each other and there has been no River Partnership in this area. occupied by river-related uses and the need to comprehensive strategy to address preferred retain and promote river-related uses; patterns of development in any particular area. 3.102 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

The identification of the development and historically may have been one of the reasons the the development of nodes of activity, nor do they regeneration hubs has been based on a number of area developed as it did. The identification of focal provide a strong, economically viable location for key factors. These factors are considered below: areas for development and activity hubs should service providers and businesses. The reflect the disposition of character reaches. concentration of activities in focal areas well served ■ The need to view the river as a connecting by public transport and accessible to a large ■ element rather than a severing one and the The presence or proximity of existing or catchment area will assist in the achievement of ability to provide for cross river integration. potential urban facilities, including open development objectives and the creation of a vibrant space. The River currently supports a series of fragmented character in appropriate parts of the study area. focal points, many of which are inward looking and In terms of sustainability and accessibility, new foci ■ The identification of focal points and focal on one bank of the River only. As such, the River is for development should have good access to areas of activity in existing planning often seen as a barrier. It is proposed to build on existing and new facilities as early as possible. As guidance these existing focal points and infrastructure and to such there is a need to ensure that development is Strategic Planning Guidance for the Thames (RPG encourage the breakdown of physical and integrated with existing services and facilities in the 3B/9B) highlights the need for focal locations in the perceptual barriers in order to promote cross-river first instance, and focussed in areas that can provision of public uses and the need to relate synergy. accommodate suitable levels of retail/services/ development proposals (and policy controls) to the public transport in the longer term. River crossings are fundamental to the development character of individual stretches of the River. of hubs and cross-river integration. Without ■ The presence of areas of future urban Implementation of these policies is required through adequate crossing points, the River will continue to development and regeneration potential, or the inclusion of appropriate guidance within UDPs. act as a severing element and as a barrier to current development interest. To date however, such area based development movement. In some cases, the potential for guidance has only been addressed in detail in the development may facilitate the construction of Development and regeneration hubs, and the London Borough of Wandsworth's UDP. development of efficient and co-ordinated facilities additional crossings in order to promote cross-river The Wandsworth UDP identifies a series of Special synergy although this will be dependent on co- and mix of uses requires a sufficient scale of development to support this provision. Area Policies for focal points of activity of varying operation between individual Boroughs. scales. Each of these focal points is however ■ ■ The presence of an area of defined A need to provide a focus for urban associated with only one side of the River. This character (Character Reaches) development and activities. issue raises the point that given the cross-River proximity of services, transport, retail and other Development should be focused, creating A total of eight character reaches have been facilities and the location of significant development Identified within the Kew to Chelsea stretch of the communities of interest and a viable mix of uses. potential, key focal locations need to be considered River. Each character reach incorporates a section Approaches to development that result in a in a more comprehensive and cross-River context. proliferation of the same mix of activities over wide of land from both the north and south sides of the Synergy and focus can only effectively be created River, for whilst the landscape or development form areas should be discouraged. Such approaches at the key locations by defining hubs which on one side may be different from the other, their have the potential to spread activity so widely that incorporate development on both sides of the River. relationship adds to the overall character, and they neither encourage community interaction and

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adopted as Supplementary Planning Guidance (including detailed area specific urban design guidelines). All aspects of land use, built form, public realm, urban structure and function should be addressed.

Mixed Use Development

Government guidance supports and encourages mixed use development as a means of regenerating urban areas and promoting sustainable development objectives. In accordance with this guidance, UDP policies within the Kew to Chelsea area generally encourage mixed use development, although to varying degrees depending on local Potential Development and Activity Hub, Battersea Railway Bridge characteristics. Within Kensington and Chelsea Policy Recommendation SD4: The location of considerations, and impact on the local and Hammersmith & Fulham, Conservation Area existing and proposed development and area and strategic and local views, designations can limit opportunities for extensive activity hubs should be identified as focal including those in adjacent and opposite mixed use development along parts of the riverfront. areas of activity in specific area based boroughs; Within the other three local authority areas, policies. Hubs should incorporate built however, policies encourage mixed use ■ A key mechanism for encouraging cross development on both sides of the River. development in the Thames Policy Area. river synergy and integration; The London Borough of Wandsworth encourage a Policy Recommendation SD5: Area based ■ A key location for transport interchange; policies should be included in UDPs in respect mix of uses on all sites. This specific requirement ■ of the identified development and activity The preferred riverside location for public is contained in both the UDP and in Guidelines for hubs. These principles and proposals should facility investment, including transport and Thames Riverside Development. The result of this be developed by the relevant cross-River local public realm works. policy position has been a proliferation of mixed use developments in riverside areas. What is not authorities. Policies should highlight these Policy Recommendation SD6: Development immediately apparent however, is the similarity in areas as: frameworks/master plans should be prepared the mix of uses being provided. This indicates that ■ Focal points of activity and the preferred for identified development and activity hubs the application of mixed use policies is being location for larger scale mixed use including detailed three dimensional undertaken on a site by site basis, rather than from development; development guidelines. These should be an area based perspective. developed on a partnership basis between the ■ The preferred location for landmark and relevant cross-River local authorities and high buildings, subject to environmental

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The principle of mixed use should generally be enhancing uses in all development proposals Sustainable Development promoted taking into account site characteristics relating to riverside sites. Health, education and and local character/accessibility. The key issue is other social considerations also need to be taken Sustainable development requires competing to relate to the range of uses and the manner in fully into account in considering the range of uses ecological, social, and economic considerations to which they are provided. Live-work and to be accommodated. be appropriately balanced to ensure that meeting convenience retail could be considered appropriate the demands of the present does not compromise in any development and may increase in intensity Policy Recommendation SD7: The principles the ability of future generations to meet their own with an increase in scale. Provision within walking of mixed use development, including a needs. distance of residential and commercial heirarchy of mixed use, should be promoted Sustainable forms of development can be promoted development rather than on a site specific basis is for riverfront areas, where appropriate. through the application of a variety of design suggested as appropriate as this will help to River-related facilities, live-work and small standards, materials and practices and the provide activity centres, encourage interaction and scale convenience retail/services will be provide for economic vitality and strength. The considered as appropriate components of promotion of energy efficient measures. The policy range of uses should also be reviewed to include any riverfront development. A greater mix of emphasis on sustainable development also river-related uses that encourage the use of the and intensity of uses, however, should be highlights the importance of making the best use of River for employment, leisure, recreation and sport. encouraged at specific locations. These land available for development. They assist in maintaining and enhancing include the identified development and More sustainable patterns of development can be interaction with the river. activity hubs, areas with an existing promoted in a variety of ways. In respect of the concentration of activity and at new locations riverside areas between Kew and Chelsea, the A mix of activities should be encouraged that either well served by public transport. Health, following approaches could be considered: depend on a riverside location or help to draw education and other social considerations people to the riverfront. Such uses should be ■ Focusing development at key existing and infrastructure requirements should be particularly encouraged at ground floor level and on centres or other locations that are easily taken fully into account in determining the sites near public transport. Appropriate activities accessible appropriate development mix. include: The identification of development and activity hubs ■ Water dependent uses eg: boat moorings, Policy Recommendation SD8: The will assist in promoting sustainable development boatyards, riverbus stops and watersports development of riverside sites should be objectives. These locations will become foci for centres; required to make appropriate provision for development, activities and transport provision. the retention or replacement of existing ■ Minimising the use of private vehicles ■ Waterfront - enhancing uses eg: restaurants, water dependent and waterfront enhancing cafes, sports facilities, parks and cultural uses and to make provision for new river- Strategies that promote public transport and facilities related facilities and River access in walking within the Thames Strategy area will appropriate locations. contribute to the achievement of this objective. The Consideration should be given to the potental for concentration of activities into walkable catchments the inclusion of water dependent and waterfront

3.105 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea and the identification of development and activity of building materials that contain low levels of Safeguarded Wharves hubs will have a direct effect on the requirement for embodied energy or avoid the exploitation of rare or car use. Sensitive treatment of the public realm to endangered species/habitats (eg rainforest timber) The policy of safeguarding strategic wharves is enhance safety, security, vitality and comfort will provides for a more efficient use of the earth's highlighted within RPG 3B/9B and is reflected in create an environment where walking may be seen resources at a regional or global scale. UDP policy. In line with this advice, the PLA has as a favourable and enjoyable alternative. also prepared a development strategy, which ■ Implementing the principle of robustness provides policy recommendations for consideration ■ Providing for higher densities in areas that in the formulation of planning policy and The principle of robustness refers to building for are easily accessible to activity centres development control decisions. The Strategy is longevity. In order to promote this principle, it will principally concerned with facilities for cargo As the focus for the most intense forms of be necessary to ensure that buildings utilise high handling but also seeks the continued and residential development and a wide range of other quality materials so that they are able to last. In enhanced use of the river for the transport of waste. uses, development and activity hubs will provide a addition, buildings should be designed wherever The PLA relies upon local planning authorities and situation where activities and people are brought possible to incorporate a level of adaptability, in Government to adopt the planning stance required together in closer proximity. order to respond to changing conditions and to allow its statutory requirements and objectives to accommodation requirements over time. ■ Providing high quality living and working be met. The following wharves are safeguarded for environments that are safe, stimulating, Policy Recommendation SD 9: The principles freight related activities: comfortable and appropriate for the delivery of sustainable development ■ Cremorne Wharf (RB of Kensington and within the Thames Policy Area should be set Chelsea) - currently operating as a recycling The provision of a high quality public realm is out in UDPs and promoted through operation, the PLA consider it has potential for critical for the creation of conditions that will make Development Briefs and Guidelines. Guidance handling intraport cargoes eg: sorted materials walking and cycling viable and attractive should refer to and encourage the principle of for recycling downstream; propositions. robustness in all new development, ■ Western Riverside Transfer Station (LB of ■ Employing energy efficient practices in the particularly within development and acitivity hubs and in mixed use areas. Wandsworth) - London's largest riverside design and layout of buildings and spaces waste transfer station serving Western Energy and resource efficiency has implications for Other sections of the strategy should be Riverside Waste Authority; referred to in the context of achieving more the Thames Riverside in terms of sun, water and ■ Pier Wharf (LB of Wandsworth) - currently sustainable development patterns. These wind. Passive solar design can have a marked importing aggregates by road but PLA include policy recommendation for Hubs and impact on the cost of heating, cooling or lighting consider it to have the capacity to be brought Mixed Use; Integration; Identity and Character; buildings. Rainwater can be collected, stored and back into port use; recycled in order to reduce dependence on the Making Connections; Built Form and Detailing supply of potable water. In a wider context, the use the Riverside. ■ Cringle Dock (LB of Wandsworth) - waste transfer station serving Western Riverside Waste Authority;

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■ Metro Greenham (LB of Wandsworth) - an relationship to other existing wharves on the river in Policy Recommendation SD10: Development intraport aggregates terminal; determining the future use of these sites. on safeguarded wharves which would preclude their use for the transhipment of ■ Readymix Vauxhall (LB of Wandsworth) - an Responsibility for planning applications relating to freight will only be considered where it can be intraport aggregates terminal; safeguarded wharves has now been transferred proven that the site is no longer one of the from the Secretary of State to the Mayor but both ■ essential minimum of transport sites Hurlingham (LB of Hammersmith & Fulham) - endorse the safeguarding of the wharves identified now disused, this wharf last handled cement; strategically important in the Port of London in the PLA strategy. The Article 10 and Article 14 context. The strategic importance of a site is ■ Swedish Wharf (LB of Hammersmith & Directions issued by the Secretary of State in determined in particular by: Fulham) - an intraport fuel wharf adjacent to February 1997 to protect strategic wharves along RMC Fulham; the River have been re-issued to classify the sites ■ Geographical proximity and connections as Part IV sites under the Mayor of London Order. to existing and potential market areas; ■ RMC Fulham (LB of Hammersmith & Fulham) Boroughs are required to consult the Mayor as ■ - an intraport aggregates terminal. soon as reasonably practicable on any applications ■ The existence, location and availability of lodged. It will be necessary to take into account comparable alternative cargo-handling Significant redevelopment pressure has been such factors as history of inactivity, lack of demand sites, having regard to current and placed on wharf sites in recent years as over a substantial period and assessment of projected handling capacities and market speculation for high value riverside sites has demand looking significantly into the future. The demands; increased. This is illustrated by the recent wharves are not safeguarded in adopted Unitary ■ The existing and potential contribution planning application for a mixed use redevelopment Development Plans (UDPs) which pre-date these scheme on the former Gatliff Road Waste Transfer that the site can make towards reducing directions but are identified in current UDP reviews. Depot in Pimlico. The application was determined road based freight movements in the by the Secretary of State under the directions Port’s catchment area, having regard to issued in February 1997 in association with the the distance between final market and strategic planning guidance. The Secretary of State cargo-landing points; concluded that whilst great importance should ■ Existing and potential relationships continue to be placed on protecting wharves on the between the site and other cargo-handling River as part of a strategic policy to promote use of sites or land uses. e.g. for the purposes of the River for freight transport and passenger transhipment, intraport movements, in- purposes, the significant material considerations in land freight movements, sourcing for this case were sufficient to allow the proposal. industrial processes and just-in-time Whilst the Secretary of State remains committed delivery systems; to the protection of wharves as part of a strategic policy for river transport, the Gatliff Road decision In the case of non-operational sites the highlights the importance which will be placed on following criteria will apply: the potential for use as a working wharf and the Safeguarded wharf

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■ The likely timescale within which a viable Making Connections creation of enclaves. Developers have tended to cargo-handling operation can be attracted favour an approach that maximises the benefit of a to the site, having regard to current and Historic development patterns have always riverfront location for those buying into their future market demands and port operator supported a relationship with the River that has respective sites who seek a secure and exclusive development timescales; emphasised its importance for everyday life. A key environment. Furthermore, recent design objective should be to improve the relationship approaches have failed to place development ■ Other sustainable transport uses must be between development adjacent to the Thames and within a wider context and have considered considered first before other uses. the River itself. New development should not turn development of the riverside on a site-specific The Secretary of State has identifed the PLA, its back on the river, nor block the hinterland but basis. As a result, only limited attention has been LPAC (now GLA), and the Environment Agency as should provide visual and physical linkages to the River. paid to connection and integration with organisations capable of providing guidance on the neighbouring areas. location and suitability of safeguarded wharf sites. The historic, fine-grained block structure still Proposals to develop safeguarded wharf sites evident in locations such as Hammersmith Mall should be accompanied by an assessment of the and Putney Embankment provides good site addressing the strategic criteria identified connections between the River and the wider urban above and any other issues identified by the PLA, environment. A 'permeable' system is provided in LPAC (now GLA) and the Environment Agency. these locations, encouraging cross-site connections and movement, and the integration of Policy Recommendation SD11: Where it can individual sites into the wider urban environment. be demonstrated that use for port activities is no longer viable or necessary to meet The onset of the industrial revolution and the 20th strategic requirements for freight handling, century has seen the redevelopment of some areas development proposals should incorporate the for larger scale industrial, storage and handling Fulham, above Putney Rail Bridge ~ Poor setting reuse of wharf structures for public transport or facilities. This has resulted in the creation of large other river-related purposes where appropriate, blocks and sites along much of the Thames eg. public wharf for casual or occasional use. riverfront. The availability of some these large sites for redevelopment has provided the opportunity for Policy Recommendation SD12: New the creation of new riverside quarters or small development in the vicinity of working neighbourhoods in a single location. The wharves must include suitable provision for amalgamation of several smaller sites in order to buffer zones, landscaping and sight and sound create an economically viable parcel has also barriers in order to minimise any conflict of contributed to this 'coarsening' of the urban grain. use and disturbance. Developers should justify the manner in which the proposal achieves a The design of recent development has tended to relationship with the river environment and become internalised and to turn its back on landscape. surrounding areas and the River through the Strand on the Green ~ Good setting

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Successful development depends on good access The perception of public and private space, and the Making Connections : Key Steps and connections. Connection to the surrounding transition between the two also has an impact on street and circulation system is important for even the utility of streets and paths as viable pedestrian the smallest developments, as is the connection of routes. There are several examples of an effective key points of public interest or activity to places transition being achieved between the public and where people live and move. To achieve this, it is private realms. It is clear in these circumstances first necessary to establish the existing points of that a public route is intended and available as a access and linkages and the relationship of these pedestrian thoroughfare. In some recent examples to the location of key focal points and areas. This however, the transition between public and private will assist in achieving a form of development that space is poorly defined, with access to the river for Step 1: Analyse the site and facilitates movement as well as efficient and pedestrians blocked. establish the key links in the responsive building forms. Pedestrian comfort is also an important surrounding street system Policy Recommendation SD13: The contextual consideration. Pedestrian spaces should provide assessment of any proposed development on vital and viable places with adequate shade and the riverside should be required to shelter, and sunlight in winter. Design should relate demonstrate the manner in which the to the environment, ensuring that the negative proposed development provides appropriate effects of the environment are avoided and the connections to the River and is connected positive harnessed. Detailing of the public realm with the surrounding street and circulation can also help to provide connection with cultural or network. The results of this analysis must historic associations and provide visual interest and demonstrably inform development and design vibrancy. Step 2: Establish direct proposals and help to establish an integrated connections through the site to Policy Recommendation SD14: Local planning the surrounding street system system of linkages. authorities should prepare guidelines to and riverside The quality of public space has much to do with the ensure that all linkages form part of a network usability of spaces as pedestrian routes. Routes of public spaces, including the river itself. to the River and through development sites should Particular attention should be directed to be accessible to the public and should be safe and ensuring that development overlooks secure. If places are perceived to be safe, they will pedestrian routes and that they are well lit, be used. In this respect, all pedestrian routes safe and secure spaces. They should provide should be well lit and overlooked by adjacent direct connections between areas of activity or development. Dead spaces and blind corners interest, provide visual interest and be should be avoided wherever possible. designed in a way to create a comfortable Step 3: The street pattern forms microclimate. the basis for perimeter blocks within the development

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Hierarchy of Routes and Recent development has in part attempted to regular intervals on the riverside walk. These Spaces imitate this pattern, although it has been applied at locations should be co-ordinated with the a site specific scale rather than on an area-wide provision of development and activity hubs, and A tradition associated with the urban environment basis with the result that the opportunity to create access to the river itself. The design of the is the creation of stimulating environments that offer a sequence of places has tended to be lost. The riverside walk should take into account the a variety of experiences and opportunities. This site by site approach of providing a consistent character of the River and local area, including tradition has tended to become lost in the design riverside walk comprising pavement of varying direct river access where appropriate. and delivery of new urban development. landscape quality and maintenance, interspersed Policy Recommendation SD16: The preferred Approaches have become standardised and as a with pocket sized spaces has resulted in a location and character of focal public spaces result, the complexity and stimulation provided a relatively bland and repetitive approach to this should be identified. As a general rule, a wide sequence and hierarchy of spaces and places important aspect of the public realm. What is significant open space should be located within has tended to be lost. This trend is evident on the required is a return to a broader view where spaces 400 metres of all residences taking into account Thames riverside. A common perception is that and activities are co-ordinated to generate a the existing open space network and areas of the qualities embodied within areas such as Strand hierarchy or sequence of events along the River. deficiency. The location of these should tie into on the Green and Chelsea Embankment have failed The environment plays a key role in the quality of a complex and interconnected system of routes, to be achieved in new riverside development. life and policies should emphasise the need to both on land and on water, and open spaces Hammersmith Mall and Putney Embankment are optimise the potential of the existing environment throughout the urban area. often cited as good examples of riverside places. and seek future opportunities which can be created Policy Recomendation SD17: Master Plans In these locations a sequence of spaces has been through new development schemes. Issues that should be prepared for larger open spaces on created through a complex mix and should be considered include the opportunities to the riverside, including proposals for linkages interrelationship of the River, built forms, activities create new open spaces and pockets of valuable to the riverside and river itself from the and public spaces. The riverfront is not viewed as a green space where habitats can be improved to surrounding area, boundary treatment and linear public space, but as a series of defined focal increase biodiversity. Borough Open Space landscaping. The positive contribution which spaces linked by linear elements. Areas such as Strategies will help to identify these opportunities. trees and open spaces can make in terms of these have created a hierarchy and sequence in Policy Recommendation SD15: A riverside walk their recreational, nature conservation and the public realm and urban environment generally. of a minimum 6 metres width should be wider environmental and social benefits These areas present a wide variety of opportunity provided in all new development schemes on should be maximised. and experience, from large focal landscaped open the riverside and variations in width should be spaces associated with adjacent public and encouraged to create a strong sequence of entertainment uses to riverfront promenades and spaces of varying sizes. Larger spaces of at residential streets and lanes. least 200-500square metres should be created at

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Built Form (Height, Massing, developments in terms of their form and response Each of the local authorities within the Kew to Layout, Scale) to the River and general surroundings provides Chelsea stretch of the River has a direct lessons to be taken into account in considering involvement in the control of the built environment, Built form along the River Thames has been future development guidelines. through their UDPs and development control changing at a rapid pace in recent years. decision making. The UDPs contain policy New development which has taken place over the Increasingly, waterfront industries have been principles relating to the built environment, within last 10 years, is often cited by residents and users replaced by new development forms, typically of a which the key categories of layout and form, design of the River and its environs as being inappropriate residential or mixed use nature. The appearance, and appearance and building height are all in terms of its form and character and relationship use and image of the riverfront has been radically addressed to some extent. With the exception of to the River and surrounding area. In contrast, well altered by the impact of these developments. the Wandsworth UDP, no UDP at the present time established areas (eg Strand on the Green and Changes are likely to continue into the future addresses these issues either in detail or in terms Chelsea Embankment) are most often cited as although policies should seek to protect river - of their specific relevance to riverside environments. good examples of development. While this may related activities. The Strategy must address how LB Wandsworth is the only local authority to have represent current opinion, there are also examples future change can be controlled in order to prepared detailed supplementary planning guidance of recent development which are considered to be minimise impacts and maximise potential benefits which includes design guidelines specifically examples of good practice. for the River. An examination of recently completed relating to the Riverside environment. Policy Recommendation SD18: Specific design guidelines for development on the riverside should be prepared by each local authority as supplementary planning guidance. This should incorporate guidance in relation to the full range of issues relating to the interaction of buildings with the landscape, public realm, riverside and river itself, and should be specifically related to the particular character reaches. Policy Recomendation SD19: Development Briefs should be prepared for major riverside sites. Consideration should be given to the relationship to adjacent development sites, defined development and activity hubs and to the riverside and the river itself.

Strand on the Green

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Layout and Form This group of factors refers to the way buildings are located on a site and the manner in which they relate to and support the public realm and the River. Layout and form includes issues such as building orientation, edge conditions and the definition and ownership of space. One of the most important issues defining the spatial quality of places is the manner in which buildings orientate and interact with the public realm. Buildings need to define space in a manner that supports and integrates with the existing urban Open space, Morgans Walk Chelsea Harbour: Use of level changes environment. Building orientation does not just imply the location of the building footprint toward The relationship of buildings to public space is also Level changes can be used to address privacy the edge of the block. It is also critical that this an important element in defining how the riverside issues in cases where there is no potential for the interface with the street and river front is an active environment is perceived and used. There needs to provision of a transition space. An appropriate one. Such boundaries should be the location for be both a clear definition of space, as well as a relationship between the public and private realms building entrances and interaction between the transition between public and private areas. A can also be created through the use of separation, building interior and the street. In this way, casual direct interaction of public and private spaces can planting and changes in level to define the semi- surveillance and pedestrian safety and security can often produce an uncomfortable relationship with public transition between private buildings and the be maximised. significant privacy issues. In older parts of the public space. riverfront, and in a few more recent examples such There are many recent examples that demonstrate Policy Recommendation SD20: Supplementary as River Gardens, such issues have been the emergence of an alternative urban form on Planning Guidance should include clear successfully avoided through the definition of a riverfront sites. These buildings, rather than guidance for layout and form of new strong semi-public/semi-private transition area and respecting the orientation of the riverside walk, are development including river use and river the sensitive use of level changes. designed as a series of perpendicular 'fingers'. The access. In this respect, the key issues to be street frontage however, maintains its edge. This Buildings set back from the pavement edge present addressed and encouraged include: form clearly increases the potential of new residents to gain access to river views, though it more inviting environments and a more suitable ■ Development should acknowledge the does little to promote integration with the transition in space from the public environment of presence of the riverside and the river itself surrounding area or the quality of the riverside walk the riverside walk to the private realm of the building and express a strong relationship with it; as a pedestrian environment. In this respect, interior. Buildings without such a transition display ■ potential through-site links are closed off, while a a harsher relationship and present problems for Permeability of edges and spaces; safety, security and ownership of space. positive interaction with the riverside walk is only ■ Development of a perimeter block form possible at a series of points. that respects the alignment of streets and the riverside walk; 3.112 Part 3 : Strategic Policy Recommendations

■ The creation of active frontages through Building Design and Appearance in detail, from a range of distances, avoiding blank the orientation of entrances, habitable walls in particular. rooms and public uses to the street and Building design and appearance are most often conceived of in terms of architectural style. Being a 'good neighbour' is important. New the riverside and the river itself; Architectural style alone, however, should not buildings should respect the existing context and ■ The incorporation of a suitable semi- determine what makes a good building. The study respond positively to its key defining features such public/semi-private transition between the area contains examples of many styles and this as set back line, cornice lines, proportioning, block public realm of a street, riverside walk or adds to the interest of the urban fabric. What is structure and morphology. This does not imply public space and the private realm of more important is the quality of the building and pastiche. New architectural forms can be both building interiors; and public realm in totality. Viewed from this supportive and complementary where they are perspective, the principal question is whether the based on these key contextual criteria. There is a ■ Compatibility with principles of integration building, regardless of its architectural style, place for challenging and innovative designs along and connectivity. makes a positive contribution to the character of the River taking into account the context within the urban area and the public realm. which the development is proposed. Furthermore, a stark contrast between architectural styles and Building design and appearance is principally materials can makes a place vital, interesting, concerned with the way that buildings look. It stimulating and distinctive. incorporates such ideas as visual interest and appropriateness, richness and diversity, materials, Policy Recommendation SD21: Supplementary and in terms of interaction, the level of ground floor Planning Guidance should include adequate activity. Design and appearance also have relative guidance in respect of building design and importance at a variety of scales - small scale appearance. In this respect, the key issues to detail is important at ground level for pedestrians, be addressed and encouraged include: while large scale modulation and articulation ■ Compatibility with the character reach and Wandsworth Riverfront provide interest at longer viewing distances. with neighbours in terms of key contextual Buildings should include as many ground floor criteria such as setbacks, cornice lines, entrances as possible in order to assist in the massing and proportion, materials, block creation of an active frontage. Façades can be structure, morphology etc. modulated and articulated with treatments such as ■ Frequent ground floor entrances and bay windows, balconies, canopies and the use of a openings. variety of materials in order to maximise visual interest. The number, composition and contrast of ■ Modulation and articulation of facades. elements on a building façade, viewed from both near and far, are the key to determining visual ■ High levels of visual interest through the quality and interest. A building should appear rich composition and contrast of façade Fulham Reach Riverfront elements.

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Building Height that all those involved in the decision making process carry out a balanced assessment of It is not considered useful to attempt to define relevant considerations, including: rigorously what is and is not a tall building as this will be dependent on the context of the ■ Impact on London’s skyline, built heritage and development proposal and the character of the the character of major urban spaces, including surrounding area. It will therefore be necessary to the Thames and parks; critically examine the implications of any proposed ■ development which is substantially taller than its Architectural and urban design quality surroundings and/ or which would significantly including effects on public realm; Battersea Riverfront - Montevetro and St Marys Church change the skyline. These implications can either ■ Mix of uses and provision of equitable access is currently being undertaken by the GLA as part of be positive or negative and depend greatly on a to the building and public realm; detailed assessment of the context and potential the preparation of the London Plan. The London implications in relation to this context. ■ Ability to capture value for public benefit and Plan will provide the strategic context for future influence strategic objectives including UDP reviews and for consideration of any future Towards the London Plan (May 2001) recognised opportunities for regeneration, economic and proposals for high buildings within the study area. that high buildings can have a significant impact social sustainability and public transport While the London Plan is being developed the both on their immediate surroundings and on benefits; skylines and views across London. The document Mayor has produced Interim Strategic Planning states that high buildings are often flagship ■ Sustainable construction and building Guidance on Tall Buildings, Strategic Views and developments that play an important part in performance; the Skyline in London (October 2001). This Interim regeneration and may be relevant to the master Guidance is intended to supplement the 1999 ■ Microclimate; planning of areas with good public transport access LPAC Advice to provide clarification and to reflect the Mayor’s recent thinking on the issues. These and capacity. It is, however, important to consider ■ Transport accessibility and capacity; the local context for development when considering publications are summarised in Part 2 of this proposals for high buildings. This is reflected in the ■ Aircraft operations, telecommunications and document. current Strategic Planning Guidance for the navigation. The LPAC Advice states that the consideration of Thames which states that proposals for high In order to assess development proposals, detailed proposals for high buildings needs to take account buildings need to be considered in relation to a information will be required from the applicant not only of their effects on the London economy but number of factors including the quality of urban including an Environmental Statement and Design also the impact of their architecture, massing and design and architecture, contextural relationship Statement as explained in the English Heritage/ location on the local and London-wide environment. and functional considerations such as hydrological, CABE draft Guidance on Tall Buildings (June It identifies areas where new development including wind, shadowing and transport effects. 2001). high buildings could be appropriate subject to the Proposals for high buildings are likely to be of local context and the impact of individual A review of strategic policy relating to high buildings strategic importance and as such, it is important proposals.

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The LPAC Advice concludes that the planning corridor which could potentially be affected by The LPAC Advice states that any development system can usefully steer proposals for high development within the study area would be the proposal including high buildings will need to be of buildings into appropriate areas but that the areas strategic view of St Paul’s Cathedral from a very high architectural quality, be particularly well must be identified and clearly designated in UDPs. Richmond Park. Any proposals which could located in terms of public transport accessibility The LPAC Advice explains that particular regard potentially affect this viewing corridor must and make a positive and interesting contribution to should be given to the following issues in identifying therefore be carefully considered. It should be London’s landscape. It would normally need to be areas which may be appropriate for high buildings. noted that the Mayor has commissioned a review of of significance in meeting regeneration objectives. the strategic views and this is expected to inform ■ ■ Local context (including existing clusters); the London Plan. The LPAC Advice states that in identifying areas appropriate for high buildings along the River ■ ■ Sustainability concerns (such as major public It will also be necessary to carefully consider the Thames, Boroughs are advised to take into account transport nodes); potential impact of proposals for high buildings on the influence of the River and in particular its ■ Views and panoramas (including designated the character and use of major open spaces bridges in offering some of the most important strategic views and important local views); (including Metropolitan Open Land and the River local, medium and long distance views of the itself) and on elements that make up the historic Capital. The identification and protection of ■ Particularly sensitive locations (including environment such as historic parks and gardens important local views, prospects and panoramas historic parks and gardens and major open within or closely related to the study area. In will assist in maintaining the open aspect of the spaces such as the River Thames). addition, it will be necessary to consider the impact River Thames. The LPAC Advice also refers to the of proposals within and adjacent to conservation studies undertaken for the Government as part of In considering proposals for high buildings it is areas and on the setting of listed buildings within the background work for the Thames Guidance important to highlight issues of particular relevance the study area. which included an assessment of urban form and to the study area. The only strategic viewing character (Thames Strategy: A Study of the Thames, 1995) These studies concluded that,

“the extensive open areas and domestic scale of buildings along the Thames between Hampton and Putney Bridge can be identified as making this area unsuitable for high buildings with the possible exception of town centres such as Kingston. Although there are a number of tall buildings and structures between Putney and Vauxhall Bridge, the predominantly small scale and residential nature of adjoining areas means that the opportunities for high buildings are very Lots Road Power Station and Worlds End, Chelsea limited”.

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The potential role of landmark buildings is considered and where appropriate addressed particular, developers will be required to show recognised in the Strategic Guidence for the River through such actions as stepping down to meet a that account has been taken of the influence of Thames (RPG3B/9B)and the Guidance states that lower scale context and ensuring a strong the proposed development on the River Thames Boroughs should give consideration to the context compatibility with surrounding areas at ground level and riverside including the effects of in which these would be considered appropriate and with the River frontage. The issue of landmark shadowing, wind, hydrology, transport, use and to allocate these sites in UDPs for the structures is addressed in detail by Policy access, skyline and the landscape of the green inclusion of major public facilities or as points of Recommendation VR6. In order to balance the edge. attraction for river users or visitors. potential impacts of high buildings and to promote strategic objectives such as regeneration, Policy Recommendation SD23: Proposals for Many high buildings along the River have been sustainability and improved public transport, it may high buildings should take into account conceived as 'landmarks' which are often be most appropriate to locate high buildings in strategic policy and other relevant guidance significantly higher than their surroundings. High development hubs and identified landmark and should be considered in accordance with buildings can have a positive role to play in defining locations. the following criteria: focal points, commercial centres or locations of interest and can contribute to the quality and At the present time, policies relating to high i) The relationship to context and the effect legibility of the riverside. In this way, they can buildings vary significantly between different UDPs on London’s skyline (including long provide valuable landmark elements, assisting in in the study area. Given the current review of policy distance views and panoramas); legibility and wayfinding, and in signifying locations relating to high buildings, there will be a ii) The effect on the existing environment of importance relative to others. However, at requirement to monitor changes in strategic policy and built heritage including the need to present they tend to be conceived without a relating to high buildings and to reflect this is future ensure that the proposal will not coherent design framework and to compete with UDP Reviews and development control decision inappropriately damage or detract from each other for attention. making and to take into account any other relevant designated important strategic and local guidance in considering proposals for high views, prospects and panoramas, open A key consideration must always be the buildings. relationship of high buildings to their contextual spaces (including the River), conservation environment, their impact on local and strategic Policy Recommendation SD22: All proposals areas, listed buildings and their settings, views and their relationship to the River. In this for high buildings should be presented in the scheduled monuments, archaeology, respect it is important that high buildings are able context of an urban design study/ master plan of historic parks and gardens, the green to maintain an active River and ground level their immediate and wider areas based on a full edge of the tow path or the landmark frontage and a human scale of interaction with the character appraisal of the area. Proposals effect of an existing high rise building; street and riverside. Likewise, issues such as should be accompanied by design statements iii) The need to be well located in relation to scale and juxtaposition, access to the River, and accurate and realistic representations of public transport accessibility and capacity; relationship to the opposite bank of the River, and the appearance of the buildings in all significant impact on River views need to be carefully views affected (near, middle and distant). In iv) The architectural and urban design quality of the building including its scale,

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massing, silhouette and facing materials; benefit including public transport proposals within or adjacent to the study area. its relationship to the River, riverside and improvements. Proposals should establish a strong and opposite bank of the River; its relationship Policy Recommendation SD24: All high supportive contextual relationship with to other structures and its effect on the buildings should be the subject of a detailed adjacent and opposite development and the public realm and contribution to the contextural analysis and Environmental River and minimise negative environmental surrounding landscape; Statement and a balanced assessment should impacts. v) The contribution that the development will be undertaken of the criteria set out in Policy make to the overall “sense of place” and Recommendation SD25 in considering any Detailing the Riverside to external and internal public spaces and facilities in the area including the Detailing of the riverside refers to the selection of provision of a mix of uses and the creation materials, colour, texture, themes and approaches of and provision of equitable access to a and to the way the riverside is experienced, high quality public realm; perceived and used. vi) The effect on the local environment Detailing will determine the identity and quality of a including microclimate, such as place and can: overshadowing, sunlight, daylight and ■ Signal the commitment of developers, the wind effects; night time appearance; community and local authorities to vehicle movements and the environment encouraging and maintaining high standards; for those in the vicinity of the building; ■ Create and maintain value; vii) The contribution made to the permeability of a site and the wider area, including ■ Create or contribute to character, local identity opportunities to offer improved linkages and distinctiveness; on foot and improved access to the River and to open up views of the River and the ■ Create and maintain a locally valued and riverside; thriving public realm. viii) Function and fitness for purpose; There will be a requirement to promote good design, quality materials and perhaps most ix) The social and economic sustainability of importantly, a commitment and programme that the proposals; ensures successful long-term maintenance. These x) The contribution of the proposed issues apply to both buildings and to treatment of development to strategic objectives such the public realm and landscaping. as regeneration and sustainability and the A key issue for the Thames - Kew to Chelsea is the ability to capture value for the public Belvedere Tower, Chelsea Tower relationship between protecting the distinctiveness

3.117 Thames Strategy - Kew t o Chelsea of individual areas and co-ordination of the riverfront. along the riverside, to encourage a wide range of high quality riverside environment. To date, new developments have largely adopted activities. Public spaces can accommodate a Supplementary planning guidance for the their own approach to detailing of the riverside, with range of activities such as a venue for street River should include guidelines for detailing of only minimal co-ordination between development performers, shop stalls and other events. the riverside that: sites and adjoining local authorities. The result has been a wide variety of approaches and styles, as The detailing of the riverside, in all cases, should ■ Establish a minimum standard for well as varying quality along the riverfront. A seek to strengthen local identity and character but selection of materials; greater sense of integration is required on the should also be considered within the context of a wider appreciation and approach to the River. In ■ Establish a palette of preferred urban riverfront, while also continuing to foster local elements and materials that is related to distinctiveness. this respect, approaches to detailing should utilise local materials, retain and enhance historical the the River as a whole, as well as There are several key areas where detailing can associations and utilise iconic elements relating to individual character reaches; have a significant impact. The first of these the local area and its relationship to the River as a whole. ■ Encourage the development of focal involves the development of public spaces. In this spaces and programmes for the use of respect, focal areas of activity should be provided Policy Recommendation SD25: Riverside development should be required to provide a public space; ■ Strengthen local identity and character on a character reach basis, through the use Natural stone of public art and installations that support Timber fenders faced steps liveliness and historic or character added to existing associations; sheet piled wall ■ Encourage the use of architectural and landscape approaches and elements that provide visual interest and stimulation for other senses;

■ Provide for future management and maintenance of the riverside environment.

Policy Recommendation SD26: Developers should be encouraged to enter into legal agreements regarding the treatment and long term maintenance of riverside areas.

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Architectural Competitions There are many competitive processes that can Policy Recommendation SD27: The enable the selection of an appropriate design organisation of architectural compititions in The Thames is an important element of London's solution for example: respect of all major riverside sites that are urban landscape. The appearance of riverside sites proposed for redevelopment should be will influence the image of the Thames and of ■ Open Ideas Competition to identify a range of possible design solutions, against a broad encouraged. The opportunity should be London as a whole. In order to acknowledge the provided for the public to comment on clear importance of such sites, a key objective conceptual brief, with no immediate commitment to build; submissions as part of the competition must be to encourage the highest quality process. architecture and urban form possible. Architectural ■ Open Project Competition to find a single and ideas competitions are an important way of design solution. This is often a two stage helping to encourage such outcomes. For key competition with a detailed project brief and a sites and for public/civic buildings, a competition commitment to build; can provide a basis for securing high quality ■ Invited Competition to find a single design design, greater identity and character as well as a solution, though restricted to a small group of forum for public interaction prior to the submission invited participants. There should be a of a planning application and assessment of a detailed project brief and a commitment to proposal by the local authority. The use of a build. competition process for key sites can also help to generate a measure of variety that has been A clear feature of any competition on the riverside, lacking from recent approaches to development however, should be the inclusion of a public review along the River. process through both the use of open ideas The Architectural Competition process should be competitions and through display and opportunities tailored to the specific needs of an individual for comment in respect of competition entries. project. However there are two distinct forms of The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) can competition; to find the right architect (or design provide assistance through its competitions office. team), or, to find the most appropriate design A RIBA approved competition can be seen to solution for a site. The most common and provide several benefits - Institute endorsement, appropriate form of competition envisaged for the which is critical in the eyes of many design Thames Strategy - Kew to Chelsea area should professionals; agreed costs and timescales; involve finding the right design solution for a site. coordinated publicity; alternative designs; and not This will require a detailed brief to be issued to all least, a tangible atmosphere of excitement in the participants to enable comparative design selection of a quality design solution through a well submissions to be made. structured and auditable process.

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