Culture in Florida 29 of Colletotrichum, either the same as or very closely related to the species (C. gloeosporioides Penz.) which causes the rots of so many tropical fruits, such as black spot of avocados and mangos. Appearing first as small, dark, sunken areas on the rind of the full grown fruit, the spots develop rapidly as the fruit matures, until a decayed area as large as a silver dollar may result. After picking, the fruit decay spreads rapidly, so that a whole side of the fruit may be unfit for consumption by the time the fruit is soft enough to eat. According to Wardlaw et al, the fungus can infect the papaya fruit at any stage of its development, so that there is no critical period in which to concentrate efforts at protection. Sanitary measures seem to give better control than spraying. Infected fruits should be removed as soon as infection is evident, and fruits showing no infection should be picked before they develop full yellow color. Such fruit usually has early stages of infection and will become a source of further infection if allowed to ripen on the tree, since the spores can be carried by wind and water. Infected fruits and all dead papaya tissue should not only be removed from the tree but should be burned or buried deeply to prevent their infecting other fruit. Species of Diplodia, Phomopsis and other fungi are responsible for some rotting of fruit. Powdery Mildew.-This disease, caused by species of Oidium, is characterized by a white, cobwebby growth over both upper and lower surfaces of irregular leaf spots. Powdery spore masses develop on the mildewed areas. Infected leaves soon turn yellow, the tissue dies and the leaves drop. The disease may cause con- siderable injury in a few weeks, but is easily controlled by dust- ing with sulfur. Two or three applications at 10-day intervals should suffice. Infection occurs only on mature leaves and is usually most serious in winter and spring.

ANIMAL PESTS Papaya Fruit .-This was introduced into Florida about 1905, and ever since has been a constant hazard of papaya growing. It cannot yet be controlled with certainty. It is called curvicauda. This fruit fly is about half an inch long, and looks like a small wasp. The female has an ovipositor as long as her body proper. By means of this appendage she lays eggs in the cavity of the