DOCSLIB.ORG

Presidents Lincolns Treatment of Kentuckians

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Presidents Lincolns Treatment of Kentuckians THE FILSON CLUB HISTORY QUARTERLY Vol. 28 LOmSVmLE, Kv-wrvc•, JANWmY, 1954 NO. 1 PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S TREATMENT OF KENTUCKIANS BY J. T. Donms Paper read before The Filson Club, October 5, 1958 I am appearing before The Filson Club tonight with a subject gleaned, for the most part, from my long study of Pardon and Amnesty under Lincoln and 1ohnson, which the University of North Carolina Press is now publishing. This book is the first thorough account of "The Restoration of the Confederates to their Rights and Privileges, 1861-1898." The late Dr. James G. Randall, noted Lincoln and Civil War authority, and President of the American Historical Association last year, suggested the study and prepared the nine pages of introduction to the volume. My paper tonight is only a small fragment of this study. I dare say that other phases treated in the book are much more interest- ing and valuable. Since our Club is particularly interested in Kentucky history, however, I am confining myself to "Lincoln's Treatment of Kentuckians." But I must admit that my informa- tion on the subject is not definitive, nor is the title of my paper entirely satisfactory. I think it is advisable to note Lincoln's connections with Ken- tucky before becoming President. He and his wife were not only natives of the Blue Grass State, but there were certain influences in Kentucky that molded his political outlook and largely deter- mined his course of action before and even after he became President. Lincoln read two Kentucky newspapers for many years before going to Washington, in 1861. The Louisville ]our- hal, edified by George D. Prentice, evidently was one cause of his espousing the pohtical principles of Henry Clay and the Whig party. The reading of the Lexington Observer and Re- porter, especially after his marriage to Mary Todd, in 1842, 8 4 The Filson Club History Quarterly [Vol. 28 certainly kept him informed on Slavery Times in Kentucky and the fortunes of his political idol, Henry Clay? Perhaps Lincoln s most intimate friend, in his early life, was a Kentuckian, Joshua Fry Speed of Louisville. Speed and Lincoln roomed together for a time, in Springfield, Illinois, where Speed ran a store for seven years. The friends corresponded after Speed returned to Louisville, where Lincoln was a guest in the Speed home.2 James Speed, Joshua's brother, was Lincoln's Attorney- General. Most wives have-or should have-a wholesome influence on their husbands' thinking. Surely Mary Todd's political turn of mind influenced Lincoln during their courtship in Springfield. Moreover, her admiration for Henry Clay and her reading of political, economic and social information in the Whig Lexington Observer and Reporter with Lincoln after their marriage con- tributed much to Lincoln's knowledge of politics and conditions generally in Kentucky. In this connection, we should also remem- ber that Lmcoln• ,s Wt[es, • Home Town3 and Henry ClayI s ,,Ash- land" were much the center of political influence in the nation from 1820 to 1860. Nor should we forget that Lincoln was not an abolitionist like William Lloyd Garrison and John G. Fee. On the other hand, like Henry Clay and Cassius M. Clay, he was an emancipationist; that is, he believed in some gradual, compen- sated and constitutional plan of freeing the slaves.4 Lincoln's visit in Lexington with his family late in 1847, while on the way to Washington to sit as the only Whig representative from Illinois in the thirtieth Congress, gave him an opportunity to observe slavery at its worst-and also at its best•On this visit he heard Clay speak at great length, denouncing the administration at Washington for precipitating the war with Mexico. Lincoln's "Spot" speech, later in the House, also criticising President Polk, indicates Clay's recent influence on the speaker? Again, in 1848, Lincoln heard Clay address a convention of the American Colonization Society in the House of Representatives. And what is indeed more significant, Lincoln visited Clay at "Ashland," in 1849, while on a second visit to Lexington.6 More- over, Lincoln delivered a forty minute eulogy on Clay at the memorial exercises held in Springfield after the death of the Great Pacificator, in 1852. In this speech Lincoln expressed the depth of his appreciation of Henry Clay•He said of him, "As on a question of liberty, he knew no North, no South, no East, no West, but only the Union which held all in its sacred circle...,,T Lincoln was eulogizing a statesman who had held the states to- 1954] Lincolr•s Treatment of Kentuckians 5 get.her until he, a native Kentuckian, who had risen to fame in Illinois, would be able to save the Union, when separation was actually attempted. In other words, if it had not been for Clay, there might not have been a Union for Lincoln to preserve,s Perhaps Edgar DeWitt Jones gives the best appraisal of Clay's influence on Lincoln in his recent essay on The Influence of Henry Clay upon Abraham Lincoln (1952). Jones believes that Clay's early speeches were largely the cause of Lincoln's becom- ing a Whig. He also says that Lincoln quoted Clay forty-one times in his seven debates with Senator Stephen A. Douglas, in 1858,9 some years after the Whig party had disintegrated. Yes, Lincoln was a Southerner-at least, a Kentucky South- erner. And nearly every one, past and present, has regarded Ken- tucky as a Southern State. The late Dr. Randall says, in his small volume on Lincoln and the South (1946) ( a series of lectures delivered on the campus of Louisiana State University) that, "The relation...of Lincoln to Kentucky...is a solid and sub- stantial fact. Kentucky had sentimental memories to him .... It was natural that when he thought of Kentucky he did not think merely of something on the map; he thought instead of his parents, . , of Knob Creek, of the Rolling Fork, of boyhood escapades, of hunting and fishing, of dropping seeds into the ground-things that were elemental.''1° And again Dr. Randall says: "One never fully throws off the feeling he has for the state of his birth. So it was with Lincoln. [Even] His speech in mature life has been identified as the Kentucky idiom. TM Lincoln often appeared conscious of his Kentucky connections. As late as February, 1861, in a speech in Cincinnati, he addressed much of what he said to Kentuckians, for he was aware that some were in the audience. He saluted them as "Fellow-citizens of Kentucky! friends! brethren!" and asked them if he might not so regard them in his "new position" as President-elect. "I see no occasion, and feel no inclination, [he said] to retract a word of this [salutation]."12 .Thus, in spite of the fact that Lincoln had received ouly 1364 votes in Kentucky for President the previous November, he wanted the people of the state of his and his wife's nativity, the state whose native sous and daughters had been his neighbors in Illinois, the state of his political idol, the state that was to give him his greatest concern during his presidency-he wanted Ken- tuckians to regard him as a fellow-citizen, as a friend, and as a brother. And if this could not be, he assured his hearers that the fault would not be his. 1'• This was President-elect Lincoln, who 6 The Filson Club History Quarterly [Vol. 28 was on his way to Washington to become the chief magistrate of the nation. He wanted Kentuckians to know that he was their friend-that he knew no North, no South, no East, and no West. Nevertheless, he would have them understand that he would maintain the Union at all costs. Everyone should know something about the struggle to keep Kentucky from joining the Confederacy. An extended account of the controversy, however, is not desirable here. Perhaps a para- graph from the late Dr. Randalrs Lincoln and the South will sut•ce. "'Lincoln showed himself a diplomat in his handling of the Kentucky situation," the learned scholar says, "He did not rush proceedings or force the issue. Much of his Kentucky policy was handled behind the scenes, by messenger, by conference, by influences centering in Cincinnati, by word of mouth, or by confidential statement. He used conciliation without selling the Union cause down the river. He maneuvered to exhaust his op- ponents" trumps, but only by playing the game. He listened to protests from the other side, even restraining his own supporters lest they become too ardent or premature in action. When he wrote a paper on Kentucky affairs, in this di•cult April-to- September period of 1861," Randall continues, "it was couched in language that would reassure and satisfy, yet make no stultify- ing commitment. So long as Kentucky committed no active re- sistance to the Federal government, he preferred to avoid provocative action; yet he declared his intention of enforcing the laws so far as he was supported in doing so by the people of the United States. His Kentucky policy was such a balancing of delicacy with fin'nness, of delay with watchfulness, of Unionism with self-determination, that he, as much as any [other] man, must be given the credit for keeping Kentucky [in the Union].''•" Nevertheless, the Southern sympathizers held a convention at Russelville which passed a declaration of independence and an ordinance of secession, on November 18, 1861. The existing state constitution was retained and a government organized with Bowling Green as the capital.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Secession and the Senate
    CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER TEACHERTEACHER LESSONLEssON PLAN SecessioN aNd the SeNate Introduction In November 1860 a deeply divided nation teetered on the brink of a civil war. In December 1860 South Carolina became the first southern state to secede from the United States. Eventually ten additional southern states left the Union. What political issues caused these states to leave the Union? Did they have the right to withdraw from the Union? What actions did the Senate take in response to the seceding states? This activity engages students in analyzing primary sources, including a Senate Seating Chart from 1863, to determine what the Senate’s responses and actions were toward the seceding states. While intended for 8th grade students, the lesson can be adapted for other grade levels. 1 TEACHER LESSON PLAN: SECEssION AND THE SENATE CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER TEACHER LESSON PLAN National Standards U.S. History National Standards United States Era 5: Standard 1 – The Causes of the Civil War Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts, grade 8 Reading Informational Text 2, 3, 4 Speaking and Listening 1, 4 Learning Skills Reading, building vocabulary, analyzing documents, group discussions, presenting and internet research Essential Question What is secession? How did the secession of the southern states from the Union affect the Senate and how did members respond? Documents and Materials Needed • Vocabulary Building Worksheet • Background Information: Secession and the Senate • Document Analysis Worksheet • Newspaper Headline: South Carolina
    [Show full text]
  • Reviewing the Civil War and Reconstruction Center for Legislative Archives
    Reviewing the Civil War and Reconstruction Center for Legislative Archives Address of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society NAID 306639 From 1830 on, women organized politically to reform American society. The leading moral cause was abolishing slavery. “Sisters and Friends: As immortal souls, created by God to know and love him with all our hearts, and our neighbor as ourselves, we owe immediate obedience to his commands respecting the sinful system of Slavery, beneath which 2,500,000 of our Fellow-Immortals, children of the same country, are crushed, soul and body, in the extremity of degradation and agony.” July 13, 1836 The Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1832 as a female auxiliary to male abolition societies. The society created elaborate networks to print, distribute, and mail petitions against slavery. In conjunction with other female societies in major northern cities, they brought women to the forefront of politics. In 1836, an estimated 33,000 New England women signed petitions against the slave trade in the District of Columbia. The society declared this campaign an enormous success and vowed to leave, “no energy unemployed, no righteous means untried” in their ongoing fight to abolish slavery. www.archives.gov/legislative/resources Reviewing the Civil War and Reconstruction Center for Legislative Archives Judgment in the U.S. Supreme Court Case Dred Scott v. John F. A. Sanford NAID 301674 In 1857 the Supreme Court ruled that Americans of African ancestry had no constitutional rights. “The question is simply this: Can a Negro whose ancestors were imported into this country, and sold as slaves, become a member of the political community formed and brought into existence by the Constitution of the United States, and as such, become entitled to all the rights and privileges and immunities guaranteed to the citizen?..
    [Show full text]
  • Arkansas Moves Toward Secession and War
    RICE UNIVERSITY WITH HESITANT RESOLVE: ARKANSAS MOVES TOWARD SECESSION AND WAR BY JAMES WOODS A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF ARTS Dr.. Frank E. Vandiver Houston, Texas ABSTRACT This work surveys the history of ante-bellum Arkansas until the passage of the Ordinance of Secession on May 6, 186i. The first three chapters deal with the social, economic, and politicai development of the state prior to 1860. Arkansas experienced difficult, yet substantial .social and economic growth during the ame-belium era; its percentage of population increase outstripped five other frontier states in similar stages of development. Its growth was nevertheless hampered by the unsettling presence of the Indian territory on its western border, which helped to prolong a lawless stage. An unreliable transportation system and a ruinous banking policy also stalled Arkansas's economic progress. On the political scene a family dynasty controlled state politics from 1830 to 186u, a'situation without parallel throughout the ante-bellum South. A major part of this work concentrates upon Arkansas's politics from 1859 to 1861. In a most important siate election in 1860, the dynasty met defeat through an open revolt from within its ranks led by a shrewd and ambitious Congressman, Thomas Hindman. Hindman turned the contest into a class conflict, portraying the dynasty's leadership as "aristocrats" and "Bourbons." Because of Hindman's support, Arkansans chose its first governor not hand¬ picked by the dynasty. By this election the people handed gubernatorial power to an ineffectual political novice during a time oi great sectional crisis.
    [Show full text]
  • H. Doc. 108-222
    THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1865, TO MARCH 3, 1867 FIRST SESSION—December 4, 1865, to July 28, 1866 SECOND SESSION—December 3, 1866, to March 3, 1867 SPECIAL SESSION OF THE SENATE—March 4, 1865, to March 11, 1865 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—ANDREW JOHNSON, 1 of Tennessee PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—LAFAYETTE S. FOSTER, 2 of Connecticut; BENJAMIN F. WADE, 3 of Ohio SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—JOHN W. FORNEY, of Pennsylvania SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—GEORGE T. BROWN, of Illinois SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—SCHUYLER COLFAX, 4 of Indiana CLERK OF THE HOUSE—EDWARD MCPHERSON, 5 of Pennsylvania SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—NATHANIEL G. ORDWAY, of New Hampshire DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—IRA GOODNOW, of Vermont POSTMASTER OF THE HOUSE—JOSIAH GIVEN ALABAMA James Dixon, Hartford GEORGIA SENATORS SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES Vacant Vacant Henry C. Deming, Hartford REPRESENTATIVES 6 Samuel L. Warner, Middletown REPRESENTATIVES Vacant Augustus Brandegee, New London Vacant John H. Hubbard, Litchfield ARKANSAS ILLINOIS SENATORS SENATORS Vacant DELAWARE Lyman Trumbull, Chicago Richard Yates, Jacksonville REPRESENTATIVES SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES Vacant Willard Saulsbury, Georgetown George R. Riddle, Wilmington John Wentworth, Chicago CALIFORNIA John F. Farnsworth, St. Charles SENATORS REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE Elihu B. Washburne, Galena James A. McDougall, San Francisco John A. Nicholson, Dover Abner C. Harding, Monmouth John Conness, Sacramento Ebon C. Ingersoll, Peoria Burton C. Cook, Ottawa REPRESENTATIVES FLORIDA Henry P. H. Bromwell, Charleston Donald C. McRuer, San Francisco Shelby M. Cullom, Springfield William Higby, Calaveras SENATORS Lewis W. Ross, Lewistown John Bidwell, Chico Vacant 7 Anthony Thornton, Shelbyville Vacant 8 Samuel S.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Studies 06/03: Southern Secession ______Part One: Southern Secession A
    Social Studies 06/03: Southern Secession ___________________________________________________________________ Part One: Southern Secession A. Read the following two documents and highlight as many passages as you think are important Document One As early as 1858, the ongoing conflict between the North and the South over the issue of slavery led Southern leadership to discuss a unified separation from the United States. By 1860, the majority of the slave states were publicly threatening secession if the Republicans, the anti-slavery party, won the presidency. Following Republican Abraham Lincoln's victory over the divided Democratic Party in November 1860, South Carolina immediately initiated secession proceedings. On December 20, its legislature passed the "Ordinance of Secession," which declared that "the Union now subsisting between South Carolina and other states, under the name of the United States of America, is hereby dissolved." After the declaration, South Carolina set about seizing forts, arsenals, and other strategic locations within the state. Within six weeks, five more Southern states had followed South Carolina's lead. In February 1861, representatives from the six seceded states met in Montgomery, Alabama, to formally establish a unified government, which they named the Confederate States of America. On February 9, Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was elected the Confederacy's first president. By the time Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated in March 1861, Texas had joined the Confederacy, and federal troops held only Fort Sumter in South Carolina, Fort Pickens off the Florida coast, and a handful of minor outposts in the South. On April 12, 1861, the American Civil War began when Confederate shore batteries under General P.G.T.
    [Show full text]
  • Liicoli Ooliection
    F The Oliver R. Barrett LIICOLI OOLIECTION "Public Auction ^ale FEBRUARY 1 9 AND 20 at 1:45 and 8 p. m. at the Parke-Bernet Galleries- Inc • • 980 MADISON AVENUE ^J\Qw Yovk 1952 LINCOLN ROOM UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY MEMORIAL the Class of 1901 founded by HARLAN HOYT HORNER and HENRIETTA CALHOUN HORNER H A/Idly-^ nv/n* I Sale Number 1315 FREE PUBLIC EXHIBITION From Tuesday, February 12, to Date of Sale From 10 a. Tfj. to 5 p. m. y Tuesday 10 to 8 Closed Sunday and Monday PUBLIC AUCTION SALE Tuesday and Wednesday Afternoons and Evenings February 19 and 20, at 1 :45 and 8 p. m. EXHIBITION & SALE AT THE PARKE-BERNET GALLERIES • INC 980 Madison Avenue • 76th-77th Street New York 21 TRAFALGAR 9-8300 Sales Conducted by • • H. H. PARKE L. J. MARION A. N. BADE A. NISBET • W. A. SMYTH • C. RETZ 1952 THE LATE OLIVER R. BARRETT The Immortal AUTOGRAPH LETTERS ' DOCUMENTS MANUSCRIPTS ' PORTRAITS PERSONAL RELICS AND OTHER LINGOLNIANA Collected by the Late OLIVER R. BARRETT CHICAGO Sold by Order of The Executors of His Estate and of Roger W . Barrett i Chicago Public Auction Sale Tuesday and Wednesday February 19 and 20 at 1:45 and 8 p. m. PARKE-BERNET GALLERIES • INC New York • 1952 The Parke -Bernet Galleries Will Execute Your Bids Without Charge If You Are Unable to Attend the Sale in Person Items in this catalogue subject to the twenty per cent Federal Excise Tax are designated by an asterisk (*). Where all the items in a specific category are subject to the twenty per cent Federal Ex- cise Tax, a note to this effect ap- pears below the category heading.
    [Show full text]
  • The Border South and the Secession Crisis, 1859-1861 Michael Dudley Robinson Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2013 Fulcrum of the Union: The Border South and the Secession Crisis, 1859-1861 Michael Dudley Robinson Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Robinson, Michael Dudley, "Fulcrum of the Union: The Border South and the Secession Crisis, 1859-1861" (2013). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 894. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/894 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. FULCRUM OF THE UNION: THE BORDER SOUTH AND THE SECESSION CRISIS, 1859- 1861 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Michael Dudley Robinson B.S. North Carolina State University, 2001 M.A. University of North Carolina – Wilmington, 2007 May 2013 For Katherine ii Acknowledgements Throughout the long process of turning a few preliminary thoughts about the secession crisis and the Border South into a finished product, many people have provided assistance, encouragement, and inspiration. The staffs at several libraries and archives helped me to locate items and offered suggestions about collections that otherwise would have gone unnoticed. I would especially like to thank Lucas R.
    [Show full text]
  • LARGE SA.Tje
    St ' of we find said Peter In the Seventh District George S. Shanklin hate no power, . to Secretary State and that after their adjournment, sni Wo'fe-M- Official Election Returns. - o8e B- Muir ia duly elected to said office of Judge of reoeived 7,621 votes, and Speed S. Fry recoived tints subsequent to that prescribed by law( Mnhl.7i. B. Laoy, nnion. tho Common of Jefferson county. 3,943 ; - Pleas meet and make ny of returv "h7SM-J- Koark, union. THE COMMONWEALTH. We publish y the Official Returns for Given under our hands this 18th August, iboo. In the Eighth District Wm. H. Randall receiv- amendment the n THOMAS E. BRAMLETTE, ed 10,634 votes, and T. T. Garrard received 3,824 ; first made by them. Judge of the Court of Appeals in the Third 1 Governor of Ken tucky. In the Ninth District Samuel McKee receiv- After the receipt at the Secretary's office of the Oh ?," nian, union. Appellate Judicial District, for Treasurer of ed 8,163 votes, JOHN M. HARLAN, and J. Smith Hurt received 6,241; return from Harlan county, prepared and signed General. And that L. S. Trimblo in Dis- the State, for members of Congress, forjudge Attorney the First by Hudn, opposition. SEPTEMBER 5, 1865 E. L. VANWINKLE, trict, B. C. Ritter in the Second Distriot, the proper officers, at the time prescribed by t en t TUESDAY of the Seventh Judical District, and for "lard, opposition. Secretary State. Henry Grider in the Third District, Aaren Hard- law, a paper was filed in laid ffioe, purporting lleton-Ja- me, of Wilson, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Jef Att: Jis.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9325494 “War at every man’s door” : The struggle for East Tennessee, 1860—1869. (Volumes I and n) Fisher, Noel Charles, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • SUBOR.DINATE LODGES. Mlli]O, U
    50 PROGe:~DtN6.s Or rHE. 6AAtJD LODGE i5F Amount carried rorwar.l, $ 4,047 75 /<E.NYLIG « Y r85D 1850-Jeft'erlion, U. D.-Dues, 35 25 Apperson, U. D.-Dues, 27 75 Charter, 30 00 RETURNS Benton, U. D.-Dues, 36 75 Charter, part, 15 25 Albanv, U. D.-Dues, - :l9 00 - Dispensation, 5 GO Charter, - :m 00 Germantown, U. D.~DueB. 20 25 f'RO~1 DisJlensation, 5 00 B. Franklin, U. D.-Dues, - 17 25 Dispensation, 5 00 Zerubbabe}, U. D.-Dues, - 30 00 Dispensat.ion, 5 00 Walton, U. D.-Dispensat.ion, 5 00 SUBOR.DINATE LODGES. Mlli]o, U. D.-Dues, -- 14 25 Dispen~ation, 5 00 Charter, 30 00 Scott, U. D.-Dues, - 27 75 Dispensatiou, 5 00 Charter, :30 00 Sardis, U. D.-Ducs, 17 2:' Dispensntion, 5 00 Charter, 30 00 Solomon, U. D.-Dues, 36 75 .LEXINGTON LODGE, No. 1. Dispensation, 5 00 ~ Mayslick, U. D.-;-Dispen.sation, 5 Of) STATED MEETiNGS, SATURDAY AFTER SECOND MONDAY IN EACH MONTH. Umon, U. D.-DI~pensat\On, 5 00 Franklin, U. D.-Dues, - 28 50 OFFICERS. Dispensation, 5 00 ~ AUGUSTUS HALL, M. Charter, 30 00 THOMAS BRADLEY, S. W. Graham, U. D.-Dues, 15 75 Dispensation, f. 00 ~ JOHN G. YELLMA~, J. W. Charter, 30 00 BENJAMIN C. KEISER, SEC. Magnolia, U. D.-Dues, -- 11 2" JOHN McCRACKEN, Ta. Dispensation, 5 00 Roaring Spring, U. 'D.-Dues, 26 25 ELIHU HOGAN. S. D. Dispensation, - 5 00 WM. S. CHIPLEY, J. D. 'Charter, in part, - 4 75 HERBERT McCONATHY, S. & T. Moore, U.
    [Show full text]
  • Castle Thunder : the Confederate Provost Marshal's Prison, 1862-1865 Alan Lawrence Golden
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Master's Theses Student Research 9-1980 Castle Thunder : the Confederate Provost Marshal's prison, 1862-1865 Alan Lawrence Golden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/masters-theses Recommended Citation Golden, Alan Lawrence, "Castle Thunder : the Confederate Provost Marshal's prison, 1862-1865" (1980). Master's Theses. Paper 442. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CASTLE THUNDER: THE CONFEDERATE PROVOST MARSHAL'S PRISON, 1862-1865 BY ALAN LAWRENCE GOLDEN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY SEPTEMBER 25, 1980 LIBRARY UNJ'/ERS!TY CF RICHMOND 'v'!l?G:NJA ?..3173 APPROVED BY I aa~~ !Jcu,;;J( W. Harrison Daniel, Thesis Director Professor of History i~~sr.·--- Professor of History William Henry Thorn III Associate Professor of History TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I. Introduction . 1 II. Prison System 5 III. General Information on Castle Thunder 21 IV. Treatment of Prisoners at Castle Thunder 73 V. Special Groups of Prisoners. 102 VI. Conclusion . 128 Appendix . 133 Bibliography . 134 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The Civil War is, in many respects, one of the most tragic, yet fascinating periods of this nation's history. During the last one hundred years scholars have studied numerous aspects of this conflict in great detail.
    [Show full text]
  • Prisoner Exchange and Parole | May 2012
    Essential Civil War Curriculum | Roger Pickenpaugh, Prisoner Exchange and Parole | May 2012 Prisoner Exchange and Parole By Roger Pickenpaugh The release of prisoners of war on parole actually predated the opening shots of the American Civil War. On February 18, 1861, after Texas seceded, Major General David Emanuel Twiggs surrendered all Union forces in the state to the Confederates. The officers and men were soon on their way north, carrying with them paroles stating that they would not serve in the field until formally exchanged. On April 14, 1861, the opening shots of the war were fired at Fort Sumter. The entire Union garrison was not only paroled to their homes, but the Confederates also provided them with transportation. As contending forces headed into the field in the summer of 1861, commanders began negotiating individual exchange agreements. One of the first took place in Missouri, and it illustrated many of the concerns that would plague the exchange process in the future. Confederate Brigadier General Gideon Johnson Pillow made the first move. On August 28 he sent a message to Colonel William Hervey Lamme“W. H. L.” Wallace offering to exchange prisoners. Wallace replied by pointing out that the "contending parties" had not agreed to a general exchange and by emphasizing that any exchange to which he agreed would not be interpreted as a precedent.1 When Pillow, believing Wallace held a greater number of prisoners, proposed that Federals held in Richmond be included, Wallace declined. He also balked at Pillow’s suggestion to include civilian prisoners in the agreement. Wallace’s superior, Major General John Charles Frémont, added a stipulation that only regular soldiers would be accepted, no home guards.
    [Show full text]