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Boeing Pitches Harpoon Missile GPS, Range Enhancements As Over-Horizon Anti-Ship Weapon By Dan Parsons While the Navy is expected to place an order for a new over-the-horizon anti-ship weapon in 2017, Boeing [BA] is marketing enhancements to the RGM-84 Harpoon missile that it hopes will forestall the service’s appetite for a new weapon. The Navy’s focus in developing precision strike weapons is on offensive anti-surface ship warfare enhancements to the Harpoon missile, said Capt. Jamie Engdahl, the Navy’s program manager for precision strike weapons. Many of the efforts to improve existing weapons are upgrading the targets acquisition and identification systems and GPS integration. “We know in the budget environment right now, it’s a tough time to start a brand-new weapon program, so we’re looking at the business cases and the affordability of what we’re going to do with the weapons we have in our inventory right now,” he said. Harpoon IC variant remains relevant to those missions, he said. It can lock onto, track and Two RGM-84A Harpoon missiles on a Mk 11 launcher aboard the USS destroy moving surface ships with an active radar- Lawrence (DDG 4). /Navy Photo homing seeker. It is deployable in all weather and is capable of skimming close to the sea, which makes it survivable against heavily defended ships with anti-ship missile defenses. “We have done continuous upgrades of this capability ever since it was fielded,” he said. “A lot of those are classified, but this thing is relevant in 2016. We have many of them in our inventory and a large international inventory.” As with many legacy weapon systems, the Navy will keep the Harpoon in its arsenal for decades to come and

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28016 May 2016 Defense Daily 3 must figure out ways to increase its effectiveness and versatility. The service is tasked with sustaining Harpoon in one form or another until 2035 on the near end, he said. “This is kind of the story like the B-52,” he said. “We have a large inventory of Harpoon missiles. We are upgrading our Block 1C missiles to the Block II+ configuration for our air inventory and then we’re continuing to improve the missile where we can.” Under the Navy’s new doctrine of distributed lethality, wherein every surface combatant is also capable of offensive anti-ship, anti-aircraft and ship-to-shore fire, Harpoon is being integrated on the USS Coronado (LCS-4), an Independence-class Littoral Combat Ship (LCS). “If it floats, it fights,” is the operable explanation for distributed lethality, and a primary desired capability is an over-the-horizon targeting capability for anti-surface munitions. Within three months, a Harpoon launcher should be installed on the Coronado and be operational, he said. The eventual plan is for every LCS that debarks westward from the United States to have an over-the-horizon offensive capability. The missile’s unclassified effective range is 67 nautical miles. The Navy wants to lengthen its reach to bolster its deterrent effect in the Asia-Pacific region, he said. That will be accomplished primarily by shrinking the missile’s warhead while maintaining or increasing its potency. “What we’re seeing as we look at the threats especially in the Pacific theater, is that PACOM has been asking us for quite a few years what can you do about increasing the range of all of our SUW weapons?,” he said. “So that is a real focus here, how do we get more range.” The Block II+ configuration–which introduced the GPS/inertial navigation capability kit--flew free for the first time in November and will have its final free-flight test next week, he said. Fielding of the improved variant will being in summer 2017 initially on the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and then on P-8A Poseidon sub hunters. A new radio communication capability will also allow for in-flight targeting updates. Boeing is developing the Harpoon Block II extended range (ER) variant that will have double the range within the same housing, said Jim Brooks, the company’s cruise missile programs director. The company is claiming it can meet that mark at half the cost of integrating a new missile, like the naval strike missile being pitched by Raytheon [RTN] and Sweden's Kongsberg for the Navy’s over-the-horizon “This is what we believe is the most capable, lowest-cost option for the U.S. Navy for LCS,” Brooks said. The Navy has about 7,000 Harpoons in its inventory. Boeing is banking on the cost savings associated with developing a retrofit capability enhancement to those legacy weapons to sell its system versus a new-start munition, Brooks said. There is a large existing international Harpoon market to which Boeing can pitch its upgrades. At least 30 countries currently have more than 4,000 weapons in their naval arsenals. The production line is still hot and humming and currently producing the 90th lot of missiles. “We just had our preliminary international program review a couple weeks ago,” he said. “There is a lot of interest and a lot of drive for advanced capability, especially extended-range capability coming form our international partners.” n

Boeing Confident For Super Hornet Production Into the 2020s By Valerie Insinna Boeing [BA] is hopeful that potential Super Hornet orders from the Navy in fiscal years 2017 and 2018 and an expected sale of jets to Kuwait could extend the F/A-18E/F production line until 2020, and its program manager told reporters on Wednesday that he believes the service will need far more new Super Hornets than the 24 to 36 planes it has estimated, further prolonging the line. However, the Kuwait deal will be critical in bridging production of fiscal ’17 jet procurement with a possible order the next year, Dan Gillian, Boeing’s vice president and program manager for F/A-18, said during a briefing at the company’s Arlington office. The company currently manufactures two F/A-18E/F Super Hornets or E/A-18G Growlers a month at its facility in St. Louis, Mo. That pace is the minimum rate necessary to sustain production. Gillian expects that deliveries for the fiscal 2017 order would wrap up in the beginning of 2019. The 24 jets for Kuwait would then fill the rest of 2019

www.defensedaily.com 4 Defense Daily May 2016 before the Navy’s 2018 order starts production in 2020. “Our current plan, based on where we’re at with this conversation, is that the pieces fit together and we’re executing the plan,” he said. “If things happen and things change…those would all be things that could happen that you have to make a different business decision at that point in time, but right now we feel pretty confident about those three things happening in that order.” The next production decision is scheduled for later this year. “Based on where we see things going with Kuwait, we would expect to have a good enough demand signal there to feel confident” in ordering the long lead materials needed to be ready for production, Gillian said. “Sometimes a contract lags a little bit, but there’s lots of different ways for a demand signal to feel good enough for a company to move out.” Ultimately, Gillian believes the Navy will need to buy 100 new planes as well as a service life extension program (SLEP) for all of its current Super Hornets in order to meet operational demands and bridge the gap to the F-35, he said. Those numbers also would allow the service to field two F-35 and two Super Hornet squadrons per carrier air wing. Boeing intends to bring two Super Hornets to St. Louis to start assessing what work will be needed to bring the jets from 6,000 to 9,000 hours of service life. The biggest challenge during the SLEP process will be managing the workflow, he said. The company can’t control when the planes hit 6,000 hours, and every aircraft has unique problems. “We learned a lot from the classic Hornet [SLEP],” he said. “We think the Super Hornet is in a better starting place because of those lessons learned.” The service life extension might also be an opportunity for the Navy to consider adding new capabilities to the aircraft, Gillian said. Boeing has revamped its “Advanced Super Hornet” concept and continues to market those upgrades to the service. The Navy has already decided to incorporate some of those enhancements, including the integrated defensive electronic countermeasures (IDECM) Block IV, which will help protect the plane against electronic warfare attacks, and the infrared search and track (IRST21) sensor that will improve its ability to find, identify and track targets. But the SLEP could be an change for the Navy to cut in capabilities that require more invasive changes to the aircraft, like a new advanced cockpit system with a 10 by 19 inch display and improved graphics, as well as conformal fuel tanks that increase the range and loiter time of aircraft. Moving to an active electronically scanned array radar could also happen during that time. The company is also looking to potential foreign sales to countries such as Canada, Spain, Finland and India. Denmark announced Thursday its intention to buy the F-35 made by Lockheed Martin [LMT] instead of the Super Hornet. Gillian on Wednesday said Boeing had not been formally notified by the Danish government and could not comment. n

Acquisition Workforce Needs More FMS Focus, Industry Officials Say By Calvin Biesecker The government’s process of managing international sales of weapons systems made by United States companies could be improved if the Defense Department’s acquisition and contracting personnel are better equipped to deal with Foreign Military Sales (FMS), industry representatives told a House panel last week. “Contracting officers generally don’t have any dedicated focus on FMS contracts,” Tom Davis, senior fellow with the National Defense Industrial Association, told the House Armed Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations. “So when it comes to making a choice between working on contract that has a domestic program that has an immediate degree of pressure because it involves a capability we are trying to get out to our armed forces in the field, inevitably the focus will go there.” Remy Martin, vice president of International Affairs at the Aerospace Industries Association, in his prepared remarks to the committee said, “We must consider the question of whether or not the Security Cooperation Enterprise is able to manage on a sustainable basis Foreign Military Sales, Direct Commercial Sales, and hybrid cases that are growing in complexity, number and urgency. In the absence of greater resources, training, and a focus on Security

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Cooperation Enterprise Reform, we will discover the answer is no at the worst possible time.” The House Armed Services Committee in a series of hearings this spring and in Chairman Mac Thornberry’s (R-Texas) markup of the FY ’17 defense authorization bill is closely examining the DoD’s processes and pace of U.S. arms sales to international customers and whether reforms are needed to expedite closure on deals. Rep. Vicky Hartzler (R-Mo.), chairman of the Oversight Subcommittee, said in her opening remarks that “some believe the Department of Defense’s FMS process is too cumbersome and bureaucratic. Others offer that the process is designed to be deliberately slow and methodical in order to achieve the correct outcome in determining whether or not the U.S. supplies military capabilities that appropriately further U.S. national security interests.” Martin told Hartzler “candidly” that throughout the FMS process, to include the larger Security Cooperation Enterprise, “it’s a challenge to find anybody that’s able to figure out where they fit in relative to every other part.” He said most people aren’t focused on the larger process and “how they can help support a timely movement from start to finish to get out to the other side.” Davis and Martin both told the panel that a lack of staffing and stress on the acquisition corps hurts the FMS processes. Davis, in his prepared remarks, said that at the Office of the Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, “some of the biggest delays occur following contract award,” due to “resourcing and human capital” issues. “Simply put,” Davis stated, “domestic programs take a higher priority over FMS programs, and the internal staffing within DoD is insufficient to review licensing requests in a timely manner.” Martin said the issue of resource constraints and a lack of international sales expertise combine to make the FMS process worse. “So if you already have a deficit of expertise within that group and you’re shrinking that acquisition workforce, it exacerbates the problem,” Martin told the panel. Davis and Martin said FMS cases can drag on for three years. Martin said industry isn’t looking for reforms that mean the U.S. government always says “yes” to foreign sales but instead wants a quicker determination up or down. This will also give potential customers more confidence that the U.S. can move quickly on a sale and prevent countries like Russia and China from getting the business. Martin said Russia and China have become more aggressive in exporting defense technology “as tools to advance their strategic geopolitical objectives.” The State Department is responsible for managing the larger FMS program. Asked by Hartzler where the biggest holdups are in the process, Davis said he has no data to offer but that based on his experience the biggest delays are typically outside of DoD. This is because of broader foreign policy considerations, Davis said. These are legitimate concerns but need to be addressed and reconciled more quickly, he said. Martin, however, said that a lot of the problems still reside within DoD, adding that throughout the entire process “there’s so many different ways you can go off the rails.” Despite concerns about the slowness in getting FMS deals completed, international business for U.S. defense companies has been looking up. Martin said that the FMS system managed $34 billion in sales in FY ’14, $47 billion in FY ’15, and through the first seven months of FY ’16 $29 billion. n

SECDEF Carter Announces $30 Million Expansion Of Experimental Tech Innovation Unit By Dan Parsons The Defense Department’s experimental tech innovation hub established less than a year ago in Southern California will evolve into a bi-coastal nationwide enterprise with a permanent leadership structure and civilian and reserve personnel. In his fourth visit to Silicon Valley since becoming secretary of defense, Ashton Carter last week in Mountain View, Calif, said the Defense Innovation Unit eXperimental (DIUx) made clear in eight months of operation that it was invaluable to the Pentagon doing business with the tech industry. Plans are to “iterate” and scale the experimental unit, including the establishment of an East Coast headquarters in Boston.

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“We’re taking a page straight from the Silicon Valley playbook: We’re iterating rapidly to make DIUx even better,” Carter said. “Since creating DIUx, it has become even clearer to me how valuable this model is.” The unit’s second iteration will be led by combat veteran National Guardsman and F-16 pilot and tech entrepreneur Raj Shah, who was given the title “managing partner,” and a number of tech executives pulled from commercial firms. Another senior partner, Isaac Taylor, was head of Google [GOOGL] X and worked on that company’s Google Glass initiative and self-driving car concept. The management team will report directly to the secretary of defense, a move which Carter said emphasizes the unit’s importance and his commitment to rapid decision making from the top down. “The fast, iterative technology development that we all in this room take for granted must be applied to our most important national security issues,” Shah said during Wednesday’s ceremony. “From rapid acquisitions to targeted R&D to entrepreneur-in-residence efforts, we will take the secretary’s mandate and tangibly demonstrate to technology companies and entrepreneurs that the military can be an important and reliable partner and that companies have a special role to play using their ingenuity and technology to protect our country." The reserve unit, a first of its kind of which Carter did not specify a size, will be led by Navy Reserve Cmdr. Doug Beck, a decorated combat veteran of Iraq and Afghanistan and out of uniform served as Apple’s [AAPL] vice president for the Americas. “America’s reservists, our citizen soldiers, can provide unique value in this field, as they do in so many areas, given the fact that many of these patriots are tech-industry leaders when they are not on duty for us in DoD,” Carter said. In the fiscal 2017 budget, an additional $30 million is set aside to be directed to “non-traditional” companies that are developing emerging technologies that show promise for military application. Carter said the funding amount is a starting point that will be added to by military service-specific investment. “To channel these resources into systems that will give our future war fighters a battlefield advantage, DIUx will exercise all avenues, all avenues to fund promising technologies.” Those avenues include merit-based prize competitions, “incubator” partnerships and targeted research and development efforts, he said. Since its inception in April 2015, the DIUx team has made connections with more than 500 entrepreneurs and companies, hosted forums to connect the tech private sector with Defense Department officials and funding sources, fellowships and programs, Carter said. A dedicated funding pipeline has paid out to nearly 24 technology projects from wind-powered drones to data analytics. “It has made great progress in putting commercially-based innovation in the hands of America’s sailors, soldiers, airmen and Marines,” Carter said. “Now it’s time to build on that.” n

Boeing Selling NAVY P-8 Engineering Investment As Advantage To 737 As JSTARS Replacement By Dan Parsons Boeing [BA] officials believe the work the company has put into development of the Navy’s P-8 Poseidon sub hunting aircraft could translate directly to a cost-efficient, highly capable solution for the Air Force’s Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS) replacement. While the P-8 is primarily an sub hunter, it also is a highly capable system truck that can perform aerial targeting of surface vessels, aircraft and battle network command-and-control missions, said Fred Smith, director, global sales and marketing for Boeing Maritime Surveillance & Engagement. “We’ve got a lot invested in this airplane, the U.S. government has a lot invested in this airplane,” Smith said on May 11 at Boeing’s Arlington, Va., offices. The Air Force’s legacy JSTARS is a modified Boeing 707-300, but other companies have pitched business jets as replacements that could carry the necessary mission systems with a smaller crew and use less fuel at longer ranges. Lockheed Martin [LMT] is offering a Bombardier airframe while Northrop Grumman is teaming with Gulfstream, a division of General Dynamics [GD], and L-3 Communications [LLL].

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With aerial refueling, the P-8 can stay on station for more than 20 hours. It also features wing and underbelly hardpoints that can accept weapons or mission pods and has defensive infrared countermeasures and several hundred communication and transmission antennas, Smith said. “That, we believe, positions us well for any of the 707 recaps in the C2/ISR fleet for the Air Force,” he said. “All that engineering has been done. All that engineering has been paid for by the U.S. government. It’s just a matter of reusing that engineering on the 707 recap fleet.” Boeing is marketing the U.S. P-8 as a multi-mission command-and-control, communication and targeting aircraft to international customers who either do not want or cannot afford multiple, service-specific fleets of C2/ISR jets, Smith said. “You can take this one airplane and put a lot of capability on it and fly a lot of missions simultaneously,” he said. “There’s no reason why you can’t conduct these other Boeing P-8A Poseidon, touches down at Naval Air Station missions ... while you are out there doing anti-submarine Patuxent River, Maryland (USA), on 12 April 2010. warfare. No reason why you can’t fly this aircraft over land. The fact that it has a lot of speed and altitude would indicate that it would be a great airplane to fly over land and do those multiple missions.” Boeing built into the P-8 significant growth potential in size, weight, power and cooling (SWAPC) so that new systems could be added for future missions and as technology progresses, Smith said. The aircraft includes 200 cubic feet of reserve cargo space and the potential for a 25 percent increase in required cool and 60 percent excess power generation. Each of the P-8’s two engines is equipped with a 180 kilovolt amp (kVA) generator for a total 360 kVA, allowing for mission systems to run on a single generator. With the auxiliary power unit on the tail, “there is a significant amount of power on that airplane that can power basically any system that you want to put on it. And, of course it is aerial-refueling capable.” Smith said the Air Force will have to settle the argument over whether a commercial airliner is too large for its JSTARS requirement, but the case for using the 737 is compelling. “The bonus of this aircraft is you build on the commercial-like reliability and supportability of the 737,” which at 9,000-plus airframes is the world’s most prolific, Smith said. Another 13,000 737 airframes are on order. The P-8 replaces the P-3 turboprop aircraft on missions to target surface and subsurface naval vessels at sea. It is capable of aerial command-and-control and standoff targeting and strike, as well. Its primary mission is anti-submarine warfare, while “everything else is basically a subset of that mission,” he said. The mission system was built with modular, open architecture software and hardware that allows for rapid recon- figuration and upgrades. Boeing has established a roadmap to spiral in planned upgrades to the aircraft in successive increments. Increment 1, which was the configuration at initial operational capability (IOC) in 2013, was an overall performance and capability upgrade to the legacy P-3. Increment 2 should begin fielding in the current fiscal year and introduces multi-static active coherent acoustic sensors, automated target identification system and high-altitude anti-submarine warfare weapon capability. Increment three will incorporate software architecture improvements, ASW upgrades, a network-enabled air- launched weapon and new sensors. n

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