NOVEMS'E.P.Vol. XII-No.. 301 41949 /
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Conscious of the mission of a newspaper to serve as true recorder of events and advocate everything lor 1'11e public good, the EVENING NEWS has consistently followed a policy of independence to bring you the latest and most complete news without fear or favor. ( Q[h'tlEotnini;News I nRSt II NEWS• FIRST IN Tl!E AFTERNOON flE11 _) November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 3 EDITORIAL THE MANILA GUARDIAN Independent Monthly Magazine Founded in 1937
Puhli.~hcr OUR NATIONAL HEROES PEDRl > l'.\DIJ.L.\ Editor ~lt)lSES T. GUEHHERO This issue of the MANILA GUARDIAN is humbly ::\fanaging Editor dedicated to our national heroes particularly those who I\lIL\CH.US .-\. R
Many of the heroes and martyrs of th~ resistance TABLE OF CONTENTS movement were given choices to make by the conque rors. One choice, tempting in itself, called for their THEY SLEEP AN UNEASY SLEEP ·cooperation in preaching the gospel of thP so-called By Teodoro F. Valencia co-prosperity sphere, with the promise of immunity IF YOU MUST, LOOK FOR ME MANYWHERES from harm and possib]y easy life at a time when the By Fred Ruiz Castro fundamental struggle for existence was at its height. RETROSPECT ON THE OCCUPATION The other was torture or death. A Recollection It was not hard for them to pick the second choice OUR UNKNOWN DIPLOMAT 18 and they faced torture and death with calmness, forti By Moises T. Guerrero tude and determination to resist the enemy. There THE LAST DAYS IN BATAAN 21 were thousands upon thousands all over the Philip By Leon Ma. Guerrero pines who made this choice but whose memory today LETTER TO A WAR WIDOW 26 is only remembered by their kin and close friends. No By Yay Agusl'in cross or stone even marks their graves. DR. HAWTHORNE DARBY 31 By Narciso Ramos The Philippine Ex-Political Prisoners' Association whose members are the survivors of those who made THREE LIVES TRIUMPHANT 32 Br Yong Sepeng the alternative choice has fittingly chosen this day to pay tribute to their comrades in the resi~bmce. Set THE WAR CLAIMS COMMISSION 34 ting for the observance which has bec'lme traditional T /5 OLSON, G. I. 40 since the liberation is Fort Santiago which to them has By Manuel E. Buenafe become the symbol of political oppression. THE PEPPA-IN RETROSPECT 43 By Milagros A. Romulo The rites at the Fort Santiago program will mean CHINA'S NOBLE HEROES IN THE PHILIPPINES 45 very little by way of assuaging the sense of loss among By Ildefonso T. Runes the widows and orphans of the resistance hero~s. But HISTORY OF FORT SANTIAGO 49 they will express the hope that must have heen in the VOICE FROM THE GRAVE 52 minds of these heroes themselves before they died, the By Conrado Gar. Agustin hope that their nation will forever be free from for BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 54 eign aggressors and that it shall forever be the bul· WHEN WE "WON" 59 wark of freedom and democracy in this part of the By Luis M. Enriquez world. WHAT P.1. CHINESE DID FOR DEMOCRACY AND FREEDOM 66 By Vicente L. del Fierro The MANILA GUARDIAN joins in cherishing CAPAS MEMOIRS 71 this hope. By Ferdinand E. Morcos
THE MAJ\"ILA GL"ARDIAN IS PUBLI:'JIEll IN THE ('l'fY OF MA!'/! LA, PHILIPl'INElS WITH ~:lllTOHIAL ANll BUSIN~~S!':i OFFICES AT ROOM .~111 SAMANILLO llf,])(;,, ESCOLTA. F. BDJ BHILL .. \NTES. PUBLISHER; PBlllW l'AIJllLA, EDITOH; MOISES '!'. <;l;EHRERO. MA NA«IN(; ElllTOH; MILA(;JlOS A. R0:\1ULO. BUStNEi'~ MANAt
By TEODORO F. VALENCIA
In the national cemetery at Capaa, Tarlac, lie the row were denunziations and cat-caUs and bitterness was in upon row of crosses, symbols of sacrifice and unselfish de the air. Roxas had to fight off charges of collaboration. votion to flag and country. But for the formalism of mod The '1super-patriots" were mostly on the side of Osmeiia. em day hero worship, the dead are forgotten. Speeches Reaction was violent and bitter. Roxas won in a closely and messages on the occasion of National Heroes' Day fall contested election and became President. But even his on empty ears in a post-war world embittered and con election was not to end the name-calling. He found out fused. These are the dead, victims of the greed and the he had to chant the song of his enemies if he were to re ambitions of the living. Our heroes rest uneasy and un tain the goodwill of America which was by then steeped remembered. We might as well resign ourselves to this. in the propaganda of the early 1946 patriots. Joy greeted the returning heroes of the liberation, the In the ensuing confusion, the dead at Capas became U. S. Armed Forces and the guerrilla units that helped insignificant. But for the empty speeches on National rescue whole communities from the brutal army of occupa Heroes' Day, the nation practically shelved the dead. Even tion. But even before the surrender of Japan, bitterness todAy, these heroic sons of the Philippines cry for their began to set in aa the cliques of absentee patriots started due. Most of the widows and orphans of the dead at Capas sowing the seeds of hate in the hearts of the Filipinos. are still uPable to find a sympathetic ear because their names were crowded out by the numberless fake guer Returning heroes fresh from Washington were soon rillas and the collaborators who sought refuge in make making sure they alone would merit the love and admira believe patriotic records. tion of the people, perhaps to win all elections thereafter. General Carlos P. Romulo, Tomas Cabili, Tomas Confesor In the People's Court guerrilla leaders freely gave testi monies to save their friends, certified to their "under and wartime cabinetmen in Washington'~ government-in exile were out to wrest the political hold by painting every ground" records and included the indictees in the rosters body as a collaborator. There were talks of bitter recri of units. Everyone claimed some record of service with minations against the "traitors" who were those who had the underground. been within ten feet of a Japanese sentry. For sometime, in early 1946 public servants, even clerks who served in the occupation government, were The stay-at-home Filipinos who suffered the agony of threatened with non-readmission. Later, this policy had three Jong years of starvation and brutality knew who to be revised. Today, the publiz employees who served were the "traitors." They, too, thought they would help during the Japanese time are even given three years' back in rounding out the real collaborators and bring about pay. But not before every public employee had managed justice. These well-meaning people found themselves col to be guerrillas. · laborators as well. They too, would be tried and made to account for their acts. The claims of guerrillas are admittedly fantasti::. Even genuine guerrillas admit this. This could not have hap Many a collaborator who enriched himself during the pened if we had adopted a rational approach towards the Japanese time and actually helped the Japanese found it problem of rollaboration. The Leyte speech of President expedient to join the conquerors, to seek recognition with Sergio Osm~iia outlining a sane and humane approach to some guerrilla unit or to establish connections as members the prnblem was easily put aside in the rush for power of the underground. The picture becamo confused. The and ponularity. The result was obviously other than the well-intentioned patriots found themselves on the defen one intended. Soon, the patriots were funny. Soon the sive. The new conquerors were out for blood. They soon genuine guerrillas were hard to separate from the fake. found their victims, mostly innocent .public servants, pub In the United States, the battle for public opinion con lic spirited men who served their people honestly and well. tinued. Filipinos flew to America to make statements The bitterness was soon crystalized in the elections of which confused the American public and embittered those 1946. People started calling each other names. There at home. Those on the defensive did their share in con- November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 5 IF YOU MUST, LOOK FOR ME MANYWHERES
By FRED RUIZ CASTRO
Here where I fell you will not find me ... Each twist and toss of me that gave you pain You will not find me whole again. coursing through the hours. The winds have cleansed me of the slow decay of final stillness, And when you feel like breaking away, look for me. Soil and sun have released me from time and its sting. In each sh .. 1"D vearning, every devious tenderness, And now I can know only the deathless peace In prayer di~ping tremulous into prayer, that is the bosom of mother earth. In inarHculate questions; ever withOut as to this day, If you must look for me manywheres . . . In yesteY"day's ecstasy, today's anguish In the din of silences left by the smoke of battle, a!ld the frustrations in your tomorrow. In the afterwinds sweeping from field to field, In the raindrops holding the sunset on blades of grass, Each time ycu flee th~ memory, you are gathered In die long and unavailing vigil where comfort is nearer unto me. similitude, Look for me, as you must and will ... In the muted sounds over jungle sepulchres and the soul is not there. Not on the lips of men you will find me: they will never understand Look for me in these of remembering: the something of me that forever The smeU of recent rain, shall remain standing, The sun meeting the yQung evening sky, defi--nt, clean and proud, The many-mannered awarenesses of life you defined nor know of the bits of me to me, tha~ ~t!'a?.ghtway winged to God. fusing the American people. But the American officers too late f01 the people to help in formulating a sane at in the guerrilla recognition units of the Army were to titude towards a dark chapter of our history. know the truth. The gue1Tillas were multiplying. This Unfortunately, the issue is clouded by the fear on the was the result of hate and the reactions of the hated wh part of man.\· that mt_\" attitude towards col1aboration other had to become haters to hide their infamy. than what Ameri::a wants us to adopt would be disastrous There is hardly a Fi1ipino today who has no knowledge for our rehabilitation needs. As long as we treat the issue of some fake guerrilla who got paid. Equally so, anoth of collaboration b\· American desires and the trends of er deser\'ing guerrilla or some. widow or orphan who never public opinion in .the United States, we can never have obtained a hearing. This is all the product of confusion peace with ourseh'es. \Ve can never truly honor the dead worse confounded, of ambition which multiplied into ha before we haYe appraised the living. tred and robbed the r<~al heroes of the gratitude they Ambassador J. :M. Elizalde, we are told, is doing his deserve. bit in America to acquaint the· American Congress with The genuine gucni1las cannot escape blame entirely. the true status of Philippine guerrillas. There are still They too helped their relati\'es into rosbrs to escape what thousands upon thousands who, for want of connections and appeared in 1946 to be wholesale jailing of "collaborators." the know-how, are unable to obtain recogniti011. It is equal All these make the dead squi1 m in their graves. Those of ly true that man_\· who ha\'e already obtained backpay and the decent elements of the eommunit.r that never claimed students' benefits have to be unmasked. Only a vigilant guerrilla status but are n(?\·ertheless clean from the ~ol and unselfish public opinion can do this. Unfortunatel_\•, li:aboration i:in~le must now confess to davs of fear when this healthy attitude is still long in coming. c•:en they thought thr:; too would ha,·e to stand trial. 'Meanwhile, the deser\·ing dead lie forgotten. Their It is not .\"et too late for us to honor the dead by mak deeds are laid aside b.\· the li,·ing who e\·en now are locked ing a clean record of what actua11.r happened here, of the in debate on the all-important question of who served the misdeeds of a few and of the sacrifices of many who are country well. All pay lip-service to the dead. Few re even today branded as traitors because of the political con member them. In truth, they lie unsung and· unhonored. venience in such an unholy preoccupation. It is not yet Their sleep is the sleep of the uneasy. Page 6 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949
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The following appeared in an issue of the City Ga zette, published during the J apanesc occupation, dated January, 1943.
A YEAR OF THE CONQUERORS
January 2, 1942 has becom<' serious." He had accordingly given drastic orders to the Metropolitan police to stop the looters. He By LEON G. GUINTO had also advised the people to go to their respective oc c:upations ~md do their normal work. A year ago, today, the Imperial Japanese Forces en The Japanese Consul-General and some members of tered Manila. It was a most orderly and peaceful entry. his staff had contacted the Japanese advan:e guard in There was no untoward resistance whatsoever on the part Pa1•afi.aqm~ for preliminary negotiations between the oc of the Filipinos. The people as a matter of fact were cupying forces and the government officials of the admin ready to receive the Army of Occupation. istration of the open city. People remembered that even before the Imperial Jap F"..lllowing an interview with the local press in the anese Forces ~ame and before Manila had been declared morning at the field headquarters of the advance column of an open oity they had scrupulously respected the capital, the Japanese Army Occupation Forces in Parafiaque, he their attacks having been limited to definitely-known es had given the following assurance: 11 Life and property shall tablishments and installations. be protected. CiYilian population shall be left unmolested. The work of the Propaganda Corps of the Imperial Normal life and business shall be restored as rapidly as Japanese Army had been effective in preparing the mind possible. Nobody need fear any insecurity at home or any of the people for the proper reception of the Army of Oc where." cupation. The Japanese claimed that they were coming He had further said: "We have nothing but the best as brothers and friends to liberate and to help, and the wishes for the Filipino people and we trust that they population of the city was quick to accept the statement shall understand our true motives and our attitude. The and behave accordingly in a way that created no spe:ial action of individuals 2nd groups shall be considered a: difficulties for the military authorities in the first dayf cording to their merits and our attitude will depend en of establishing a new government for the metropolis on tirely upon their behaviour and their attitude toward us." the basis of the old. On the day of the entry df the Imperial Japanese Early in the morning of January 2, 1942 the advance Forces in Manila and following, the people were already guard of the Japanese Forces in the south of Manila had out in the streets and were able to pursue their various acti arrived peacefully and quietly in Paraiiaque. The com vities withcut much restriction. Sentries were stationed manding officer, through an interpreter, had said: "\Ve at strategk street corners. There were no serious inci do not propose to interfere with civilian activities nor mo dents of a character to impede the rapid organization of lest individuals unless they commit untoward acts against the life and government of the capita] along normal and us. Those creating disorder will be dealt with as indi peaceful channels. Soldiers were everywhere occupied vidual cases." purely with dqties designed to insure peace and order. Secretary Jorge B. Vargas, as mayor of Greater Ma These were the facts regarding the memorable day of dia, had anticipated the orderly occupation of the :·apital. occupation and the ciays that immediately followed. We He said: "Our first concern now is how to presn\·e peace may well look back to it now with profound gratitude. No and order in Manila especially since looting, which arose day in our history as a subject people could take on greater from free distribution of goods in some establishments, increasing luster with time in the memory of the popula- Page 8 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949
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tion of our city and of the Filipino people in general. The inefficiency bad mamwrs and dishonesty in the city gov assuran:es of friendship and service 011 the part of th.:· t!rnment in order to pro\'e our capacity to be happy and Imperial Japanese Forces have been consistently and in prosperous and still remain decent. creasingly sustained since in the face of all pc·.-sible skepti Thus it is that January 2 will always have a deep and cism of cf'rtain of our population. abiding spiritual value not only to the :itizens of Manila \Vhen we recalled the occupation of other cities of the but to all the people of the Philippines. It inaugurated a world embroiled in the turmoil of war, the wanton destruc new era of peace, self-respect and reconstruction under tion of life and property that normally accompany the the guiding principles of the Co-Prosperity Sphere for all occupation of a city by victorious troops, we could scarce the communities and races of East Asia. It marked thr ly believe our eyes and ears but for the positive confronta beginning of an epoch of happy, efficient and orderly gov tion of a rt-ality with little or no possible parallel in history. ernment-for the people; and we have covered since a con We had been led to expect a:ts of barbarism and we ~aw siderable way towards material and cultural rehabilitation generosity, patience and courtesy shine through the cruel as well as the soldering of a strong bond of comradeship exigencies of a determined struggle for racial and hemis- -and cooperation between the Philippines and Japan in the pheric survival. · common endeavor of organizing and establishing a happy New Ordel· for all colored races. \\Tc used to think we alone knew the meaning of fair ness and magnanimity because ours was a Christian civil The Military Administration has taken an exceptional interest in the welfare and development of Manila, doing ization nourished b~· cultures that we used to regard 8:!! · superior to anything else outside. Today, after a year of everything to insure its establishment on a firm founda direct contact with a force whose cultural antecedents we ti011 to mMkc it a worthy capital of the nation. There have been taught to regard as alien to us and to ours and is no reason to doubt that this interest, as well as the sup therefore inimical and injurious, we must, in justice, ad port and cooperation of its proud and worthy citizens, will continue in increasing measure to make Manila a greater mit that· we need no longer be ashamed of the cir~ums tances of skin and geogrnphy and that we can only repair and happier metropolis. We have January 2 of every yeai· the unfairness of that attitude and the folly of our out to think of this fact. And we may make note of it with look by as rapid and assimilation of new information and e\·ery dawn and sunrise. <'xperience as we can manage within the range of our op portunities. JANUARY 2, 1942 Now, what ha\·e we to show after a vear of the oc tupation that should encol!-rage us and d~epen our faith Tlt.e folloll'in11 story is vieecd togctht'r /mm Oie reports in our future? \\'e ha\·e peace and order. \Ve have a new «IJpearing in the. local vre:is of Mauila at the time of the c:onception of public serYice, not in theory but in prac entr!} o_f the Imperial Jrtpa>iese Forces in the City and is of tic:e. \\"e ha\·e a new spirit of neighborliness which 1.1rban special interest by reason of tlte vividtiess of the reactions living under western capitalistic standards had well-nigh registered of the 1'0p1'la.tioii as noted by the journalists of the time. As such it is ri human document that will carry smothered but for destiny's fortuitous intervention. \Ve increasing interest th1"0ugh the years for those who u:i.!h are fast coming to realize the benefits of an outlook gov to go back to this historic occasion. u·ltich ma1·1.-erl the begin Prned by ~elf-sa::l'ifice, discipline and work. We are fast ning of a new era for the Filipilio peoIJl"--EDITORIAL ac:quiring and appreciating a new self-respect rooted in NOTE. pride of om· origins and of our capacity for self-help and new adjustments. \Ve are beginning to develop values 811 The Hour based on the reality of inner worthiness not on the de ceptive appearances engendcre.d by the organized dishones 6:40 A.M. The city has long been awake, an1 through ties of wnal publicity. \Ve are getting to have and to ap the garbage-littered streets roll canetela·• laden with goods preciate opportunities of equality and freedom that come to given freeiy to the poor. Men on foot, with bamboo poles all men who know their own Yalue. across their bent shoulders, hurry from t.he port area and downtown stores, converging for the most 1Jart toward Ton- And that is not all. Here in our city we feel a tre do and San Nicolas. · mendous creati\'e stirring. As fast as we are building up our bodies to ha\'e sustained strength for service to our The manna from heaven? Delicious bologna and spe selves and to others, we arc witnessing a new dream com cial cheeset; that Tonda and San Nicolas seldom if ever ing to bud in reality as we envision and shoulder plans tasted. Sarks of onions and potatoes. Rolls of cloth, from of material reconstruction, notable symbol of which was drill to siik. Sheets of scorched iron. Fresh lumber. A the change done with street :ar tracks at Plaza Goiti in l'adio for one whose house may have no electrical connec record time. \\' e have reorganized our ~ity to make of it tion, a modern stove for another without a gas installation one happy neighborhood equitably enjoying all the public in his home. services as far as our resources will permit us to effect 8 :40 A.M. Housewives hurry to markets. The dust plans of improvement. We are developing a system of is beginning to rise, the garbage to smell. Smoke above organized and effective employment of our idle man-power and dust below, and the snarling of curs in the refuse. for self-help and for the construction of permanent and There is evacuation, but not much of it and mostly from concrete public improvements. We are out to weed out one part of the city to the other. Telephones rinr every- Page 10 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30
;------1 where, rel~:lin:!s keeping in touch with each other, keeping abreast of the news. That's how rumors are born. News papers are grabbe MESSAGE We pause once more to pay. homage to our comrades who paid the supreme sacrifice in our common underground struggles against the Japanese invaders. To us who were lucky to survive the brutal punishments of the ruthless enemy, the memorv of our comrades' unflinch ing courage, patriotism and devotion to the cause of de- · I ::~~n': /:;r:~:~ i~he:ursu~e;:s~ ond gladly gave their lives, Lest ;'he rest of free-loving mankind forget their sacrifices, let us the living, continue the bo:1ds which bind us together. Let us strive to help their widows and their orphans. Let us I forever enshrine them in our beorfs as true notional heroes and as martyrs to the cause of freedom. ANTONIO QUIRINO President Philippine Ex-Politico/ Prisoners' Association Manila, November 15. 1949 -u1·i,;~i:::e t.:d~,'.';Qu~~:~~nT; ~:;:id~~1\oi1~I t~~n~.!1!1,:~~~-m~,r e~j,~01::~~~~l~L~~:f~~··:~ ·~·]: lipino V ... terRn> (f'ONVr.1'8) Newi5papermen, accompanied by photographers, halted a few yards from the Japanese unit po.+l'olling the north side of Paraiiaque bridge. They W>l'e •ignalled to ad vance by the officers, as a result of which the newsmen alighted and mal'ched forwa!'d. Although they were armed Compliments with revolvers and guns, they talked amicably to the news men. Asked whethel' they eould pose fol' a photograph, a Japanese officer, through an interpretar, suggested that of no pictures be taken for the time being. The soldiers ~asually searched pedestrians .and then allowecl them to pass on, towards or from the other side of the bridge. Everyone was absolutely unmolested. Even trucks, cars and rigs kept coming to Manila from the oecu~ OVERSEAS COMMERCE pied towns beyond. They wel'e loaded with people who passed the forces unmolested. The main force was not expected to come through CORPORATION - Established 1938 - Com.pfinunt.o; of: ' VICENTE CARLOS I LICENSED CUSTOMS BROKEH FORWARDING AGENT I TKANSPORT-4.TIO!'I; CONTRAC'l'OK M:11iila rrom the south until some time this afternoon. Japam:se internees in the camps along Taft AYenuc on to Pasay crowded in the front yards awaiting the occu ".\N01'Hl.;Jt J.AC.:TO!TE). pation army. Thcr wort• Japanese fhgs on their arm BABY" bands. Mayor of (;n'afer Manila Dmstir A!lain,'{f Loofina The Japanese occupation advance units, as per ar rangements with the Commonwealth Government through Mayor Jorge B. Vargas of Greater Manila, established their temporary headquarters at the school building and the mu nicipal edifi::e at Paraiiaque. The occupation troops would remain in their headquar ters and would not enter Manila until thC' commanding- J'Cll eral of thP .Japanese army reached Paraii.aque and decided or determined how and when the occupation troops will enter the city. Mayor Vargas anticipated that the occu- 1mtion of Manila would be peaceful and orderly. "Our thief concern now," Mayor Vargas explained, "is how to preserv<.• peace and order in Manila especially since looting, which arose from free distribution of goods mad<.• bx some establishments, has become serious." Mayor Var gas had to gi,·e drastic orders to th<.• m('tropolitan police to stop the looters. Vargas also said: "I want to aclYise e\·c1-y resident of Greater Manila to go to their respe!ctiYe work and do their normal occupations, or stay in their homes so that the troop of occupation can Qnter peacefull,r and no harm done tn thC' citizens. Looting will be sere!rely dealt with. Looting will not only harm the looters but oth('l' people, as the h'oOps mar handle the situation thcms-elYes and there is nobody to blame but the looters themselves." Ocrupation ['nit.~ Treat City Fer11 Well LACTOGE::\" babiefl always smile An unofficial statement from an official source indi -they're always happy. That's c·atNl at 9:30 o'clock this morning that the Japanese would bec=ause LACTOGE~ is a com lcaY<.' but c>. small for:'<.' in :Manila, the main body moving plete baby food so easil:r digested. northward. Indication wa.o;; also gi\·cn ~hat the Japanese LACTOCEX contains 1mre, freRh, wcmld not be station<.•d in homl's in Manila anrl that the C"il,\· would bl• treated "\"C'l'.\" well." full-cream milk and conforms in S('Cl"('thr.\· \'argas, acting head of the go,·crnment at breast milk. Keep your bah prcs(•nt. tonfc1Ted with Japanese army officials regard every important particular with ing the formal Pntrr into Manila and conditions under always smiling by always feedinJr which the occupation of the city would be made. him LACTOG EX, The! Japmwsc forces from the south entered the open city area cc:r),\· this morning. The chief of police of Para li.aquc report('(! that a force of Japanese arrh-ed there at around 7 ::lo a.111. and was c~pparently resting and awaiting & orders. The ,Jc.panes<' had apparently marched all night as re ports late la1$t n;ght were that the,\· harl entc•rpeJ Munting PRODUCT lupa. ,.------. I Co111pl:111t•11f.o: of: ':: ! ILDEFONSO TIONLOC, INC. ! I Cn..,(0111-. Brokpr.., & Fo1·wnrdinJ.! Aµn1L-. .·· i I I I Juar, Luna & lla:::marifias :frd Flool' Marifima Bldg. i L..------J November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 13 ~o word on the progress of the Japanese forces in the north was available in Manila this morning. Rumors that their a Cmipliments of: United Shoes DIRECT IMPORTERS Whole;-;nle & Hettul w1u.1 ~u1 CHA'.\ :1Ja Carriedo .St. t'H,\\" Fl' A,.;;; t. Man:i,:rH Quiapo, Mannn (;en. Manngel' Commi.• ,iunc1· ,\ , undo11 ,\ . 1'.· rn. of l'uh li •· \\"c lfan·. Vi•···-l'n·.-id,•n! uf I],,. l ' hilil'l' i ll ~· <·X·f'ulitit•;1l l'ri.•011 c1 ·,· :\""'·"·i:11io11 . ft,.,. hu,luul ~mplimenls fiom Page 14 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30 Japan For<:es P1otcrf Lifr' and I'rO}J(?/'fY Life and prnpel't~· shall b1' p!'oteded. Tlw ::-ivilian population shall bl' h>J't unmolested. Normal lifo and busi llf'SS shall be n•storcd as rapidly as possibll'. Nobod~- need fear an.\· insl'<.:Ul'ily at home 01· all\"\\·hen'. ThPsc assurnnces WCl'P gi\'en· IJ.\- Hon. Katsumi Nihro. .Tap:rneSl' ('011sul GtinPr:li in l\fonila, when intcn·if'\H•d thi.s Universit~ of Santo Tomas morn'ng at tlw !'icld hcadriuarh1 rs of the achancl' c.-olumn of 1lw .Jap;_lll(TP Imw'rial A rm,\" oecupation forcl'~ in Para- THE ('ATIHH.H' \!\"JHmSITY OF Tl-It: l'Hll.IPPl\"ES fiHque. Fxprc.ssing wa!'m fril'nclship for tlw Filipino p0opll', th<> Consul Gl'Iwrnl decla1·pd that the Japanese occupation forcps arc thems('ln~s fricndl~- 1o the population. Pointing- out to th<' lwhin-iour of tlw /"ol'(:es now in Parafiaquc, who wen· not interfcrin1:r in thC' least with the life and ac:tiYities of' ANNOUNCEMENT thf' pt>oplc of thl' tomm11nil.\', the Consul-General declared that Ow pccp!c of Manila need fear no trouble uNler th<' occupation rCg-ime. Th1' small l"on-c in Paraii.aquc was :'.amped in the Pla ?H h<'3ide the church, with thC' c:ommanding officH~ takin):!· • Institute Of Spanish their breakfast at the band-stand in the center. Oth<'l' of O.Iajor ~ :\li1url fiet.'rn had oc.:c.:upied the two houses across the strec>L Both Cl Start ()f cla:-~l'.; t1J he "\\·e haYe nothing but the best wishes for the Filipino anno1mc<' our attituck will d<'JWJHI <•11tin 1 \)· upon tlwir behaviour and • Graduate Course Leading To their attitude to us." He CXJJl"CSsed d(•t•p interest in pcaCl' and order being M. A. In Social Service maintained in the tit.\· in the meantime and was in dose may ])(' oifcn~d l'.iiectin.' touch with Secretary Vargas. the l!J;""1(kll ,;chonl yl'a1· Mr. Kanegae, propridol' of ~ippon Bazar on the Es tolta, was one of two or three local .Japanese, who were ,..-~------.------~! . ({'SJ~l: B~~~LAPIT, INC. I Fol' pa1·tirula1-., e FREIGHT FOHWAIWERS ! e HO:\DE[) \L\HEHOl"Sl'(; e GE:\EH ..\L W .. \ltEHOl'SI:\(~ I please corn11w11i<·atc 1eith the SeCl'clal'!J Ge11eml e l.IGH'l'EIL\GE e THA:\SP()HTATl ------~·------J November 30 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 15 with the offr:: Gover11ment officials today remained calm and col The Manila municipal board this morning unanimous lected in their respective offices ready to receive the oc !~· passed a resolution asking the people of Manila not to cupation army. The mayors in Quezon City and the neigh commit any provocative acts and to behave in ~1 peaceful boring muni~ipalities of Caloocan, Pasay, San Juan, Pa- and orderly manner. 1·afiaque, Muntinglupa, and Makati, who had btcn desig Manuel de la Fuente was reelected president of the nated ;1s as-sistant mayors, were told by Secretary Vargas board, which simultaneously agl'eed to unite and abolish to act according to previous instructions. all party lines. The statement of Secretary Vargas follows: Mayor Juan Nolasco reiterated his appeal to the peo "Under international practices, it \d the duty of the ple of Manila to be calm and peaceful and to refrain from inhabitants of' an occupied territory to carry on their or committing hostile acts against the occupation forres. dinary penc:eful pursuits, to behave in an absolutely peace To The Women ful manner, to take no part whatsoever in the hostilities Steady, ladies. This is what you should clo: cook, t·arried on. to refrain from injurious acls towards troops wash, sew, clean your homes, burn yom· garbag·c if it is of tht• occupant or with respect to their operations and not colle:.!tcd, weed your gardens, preserve what food you to render i:itrict obeclien:e to officials ·of the occt1pant." can, ration by trimming the meals down to the essr.ntials. You've probably been doing this most of your life. What's oo hard about doing it now? Sit tight. Don't parade around. Don't stand in the streets gawking and gossipirig. Don't, of all things, get Security hysterical crossing your bridges before you come to them. for the future Give your children this remembrance ior the clavs when can be yours . they arc grown: that, when the Japanese forces ~ccupied Manila, their mother was going quietly and serenely about Invest in an INSULAR LIFE her duties. policy ol savings and And this is your New Year philosophy: No fears for protection. the year nhead, only gratitude for all the years behind. \\'hat if you had never been born? There wou1rln't have The INSULAR LIFE ASSURANCE CO., Ltd. b~en those old school days. There wouldn't have been lnfl.ular Life Bldg .• Pla:ca l\loraga, ~lanila those days of romance. There wou1cln't have been that Telephone: 2-71-02 puckered baby face pecking out of the swaddling blanket. Be glad you had that much. Complimen 18 of: For a Safe Investment, nnd Choice Homesites, and Excellent Neighborhood, . , , , , the Center of Quezon City-where our subdivisions are located--every minute there's transportation. Beautiful high Jots from 300 to 4,000 i;q.m. 209( down, rest, payable on monthly instnll ment basis within 10 years. MAGDALENA ESTA TE, INC. OHICE: FACTORY: 217, 219, 221 Consolidated Investments Bid~ •• Tu.a.son Realty Bldg. Tinajeros, Malabon Plaza Goiti, l\.lanila, Tel. 3·26-fl8 Aduana St., Intramuros Suncla111 Tel. 6·12-08 TEL. 2-81-62 November 30 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page ll A Manila pavn· editorial: "The assurance given by the Japanese Consul Genera"! and the officers in command of the Japanese army ad SUQAR ,·ance units in Paraiiaque with referen::e to civilians and ci\·ilian activities as Manila prepares for occupation should go a long wa.r towards minimizirig the fear and confusion incident to the city's change of status. "\Ve don't propose," said the Japanese officer in an in BACOLOD-MURCIA MILLING tcn·icw through an interpretel', "to interfere with civilian COMPANY. INC. activities, much less do :ivilians any harm. Individuals who ma.r be found to be causing disorrler will be dealt CENTRAL AZUCARERA DEL with as indi\•idual cases." DANAO "\Ve are sure that our responsible officials will do ('\'Crythinr.· possible to effect arrangements to the satisfac MA-AO SUGAR CENTRAL tion of the o::cup,ring forces and the re1ief and safety of COMPANY. INC. the ci\'ilian population. TALISAY-SILAY MILLING "It is up to us to render full cooperation with the ! Japancs'~ forces and the local authorities, refraining from COMPANY. INC. any untowcll'd behaviour that can endanger the security of the community and the orderly functioning of public serYices. Let us observe the rules strictly and not be found lacking in the basic essentials of behaviour required COPRA AND OIL b,\· the circumstances." Time Fot· Birthday Miss Amparo S. Cortes, who quietly obscn·e Still on the job are the hundreds of barefooted, tat ... >. « tt!red newsboys who since the beginning of the war three weeks ago have been "on duty" the clock around. Es pecially in the last week have these light footed, raucous FINANCING CORPORATION OF news messengers been the servants of the public. THE PHILIPPINES 'LISSAR' COMP ANIA INCORPO LIWANAG SCHOOLS Compri:~ing: RADA LIWANAG FASHION ACADEMY J. AMADO ARANETA & CO. LIWANAG BUSINESS INSTITUTE Courses Offered Pre-Master Tailoring Typewriting Master Tailoring Stenography Advanced Master Tailoring Bookkeeping 2nd Floor, Chaco Building Trls.: 2-66-5 r Tailoring Business English Dressmaking Stenography Teaching Manila 2-70-9_5 Embroidery Stenography Teaching Couri;e DAY & NIGHT CLASSES . Carriedo at Estero Cegado 470 Quezon Blvd. Page 18 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 OUR UNKNOWN ENVOY DIPLOMAT: ELIZALDE By MOISES T. GUERRERO StrangelY, one of the most popular diplomats in Wash But Elizalde, with the ington is comparatively unknown in his own country. Re vast interests which he and spected by other foreign representatives, intimate with his equally energetic broth top \Vashington officials including President Truman, and ers have built, is undoubt on first-name terms with most Congressional leaders, Phil edly a better diplomat than ippine Ambassador Joaquin Miguel Elizalde to many Fili a businessman. This has pinos is just a successful businessman whose polo team,. been proven in his more Ambassador Joaquin Elizalde which included his brothers, was rated among the best in than 10 years of representing the Philippine government the world before the war. They know him to be the mov in the American capital, a period which covered the Com ing spirit behind a business empire rich in historic tradi monwealth, including the war years, to the Republic. Ap tion and which has bran'2hed out to many ventures, includ pointed and reappointed by four successive President, he ing shipping and paints. has set a record in Philippine foreign service which per haps no other Filipino has done. To the average Filipino, Ambassador Elizalde's work ""' ____ OJ TOPS THf:M ALL I in Washington is an ordinary task which an ordinary man \II~' IN STYLE, COMFORT, can very well accomplish. In the minds of his country R U B B E R. E C 0 N 0 M t AND men, America is committed to help the Philippines because 5 H 0 E S DURABILITY! / of. the pecu1iar relationship existing between the two coun- FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY COURSES OFFERED Quarterly Departments: * INSTITUTE OF ACCOUNTS, BUSINESS & FINANCE * INSTITUTE OF ARTS & SCIENCES * INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION * GRADUATE INSTITUT.E Semestral Departments: * INSTITUTE OF LAW * INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY * HIGH SCHOOL ()'11 I'm .. .n.n.ll~ RUBBER &LATEX ' ELEMENTARY IUVUXUJ PRODUCT5, INC. Fo1' fu1'ther information, 'inquire at the '"'ANr 11u1A1N 0Fm1 J•RANCH sro111sb wH0t.1s1iir' RrrA1t sTOREsi ~ i I TEL.(D/Al. 40)511 C 8 CENTRAL 5T012E · t "-ANTlf.SNJPPINGDl/TT.f • E U f 1615 AZCARRA&A { TEL.(DIAL 40)5.JJ • ILOILO 7E1.. ~-70-24 ,J llALAION,RllA' •DAVAO IS SLUMENTAITT FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY l Quezon Boulevard, 1\lanila November 30, 1949 Page 19 THE MANILA GUARDIAN tries. Hen('e, to their way of thinking, our envoy simply has to remind American leaders of such a relationship and that commitment and presto, aid would come. Nothing is farther from the truth and Ambassador EHzalde, for every liltle thing we want, has to fight for it with all the strat egy, energ~· and tact at his command. Typical of the many many fights he has und G E oR'flJ]'ll'f Y'. Enjoy the traditional Elizalde service ... via N oPP For Ambitious TSS "MAYON" -Sails for Iloilo and Pulupandan E Students' every Sunday, al 8:30 a.m. R MS "BOWLINE KNOT"-Sails for C..bu, Maribojoc, it.eu,' :!. 1J.o.m eA.anu :J4 Zamboanga, Cotabato and Davao A -every fortnight. 9.mp~ fj.ouM,e£i. MS "BISAY AS" -Sails for Cebu and Cagayan de L "Knowledge Gained is Wealth Acquired" Misamis-every Thursday. MS "VIZCAYA" -Sails for Iloilo and Estancia I Enroll Now every Tuesday. N MS "LANAO" -Sails for Pulupandan-every Tues COURSES OFFERED: day. s VOCATIONAL DEPT. & ACADEMI{' & TECH. MS "VENUS" -Sails for ·Legaspi, Tabaco and Vi· HIGH SCHOOL rac-every Tuesday. T • Rdrigeration and • Electricity MS "BAZTAN" -Sails for Iloilo and Estancia I Air-Conditioning • Automotive every Thursday. : ~:~~d ~:~~~::~ & • Diei;et MS "ELCANO" -Sails for Pulupandan and Santa T .\lovie Projection • Welding F e--every Thursday. • Radio Operator • .\!achine Shop MS "SORSOGON"-Sails for Bulan, Legaspi and Nato u • Radio .\ltthanic Practice Secretarial Courses -every Saturday. T AUDIO-VISUAL AID E (A Special Feature of Instruction) For frright nnd /m .ua.er appl)· to: MANILA STEAMSHIP CO. INC. of TECHNOLOGY Elizald~ & Co. Inc., General Ma.nag"ers Elizalde Bldg. 426 Bermuda cot. 815 Ongpin. Sta. Cruz, .\lanila .\lueJle de la lnduslria In front or United Theatre Page 20 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30 Claims Act of 1948 so that its benofioial prnvisions may Most important of all is of course seeing to it that the include the Filipino political prisoners of war. You have Philippines continue to be the apple of the American ad seen that without friendship with Congressional leaders, ministration's eyes. This is no easy work, taking into ac e\·en that would have been hard to get. That we suc count America's wmmitments to other countries. But ceeded in introducing a bill is a great achievement for which Ambassador Elizalde has been Compliments: - - - With compliments of the NORTHERN LUZON TRANS. INC. manufacturers of the world & famous duplicating machines TRANSPORT CONTRACTOR, INC. General Contractors Main Offic.e: 152 ~ng-talrnn, :Manila :rn l>n\"id St. Maniln' - Cebu Phone: ti-78-~8 Re~inn Bldg-. Tel. ~- By LEON MA. GUERRERO vite, its naYal insta11ations razed and set ablaze in one ORREGIDOR STILL STANDS," cried the Voice of disastrous air-raid, had been abandoned during the pre C Freedom bra\·eh· at the end of its news broadcast cipitate rctn•at land stand. Formidably c>quipped to repel evur night. But the. words had a hollow and ironic ring. any attack from the sea, the forts were now caught help That was indeed all that the Rock could do 110\1•, stand and· lessly between the Jaws of Manila bay. take its beating, stripped, scal'l'cd, pounded n:crci1essly Once definite words had been recein~ MOTOR CO., INC. WHOLESALE & RETAIL DRUGGISTS Exchulive Distributors of XAHH ('ars & Trucks EXGLIHH APHTIX Cars I WHITF. and FlmEHAL Trucks 284-240 IWSAIUO ST., MANILA, P. I. 0 TF.L. No. 2-64-84 lP0>H_r_ea----~--- 0. ~B~o-x~4-2_o ____M_a_n_i_la_, l-- Page 22 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 of familiar terror cYel' the fortified islands. The anti tering and c:oughing asthmatically, trembling under its aircraft batteries were pounded alternately by shell and hea\'Y load. The lights flickered or else went out entire bomb. The inescapable dilemma which worked the doom ly, plunging the underground chambers into oppressive of the Bataan artillery was imposed in turn on Corregidor; darkness. \\'aler was rationed; the faucets went dry at to fire and g·i\·e away posit!on or to cease fire and remain certain periods and always during an air-raid. The quar incffecth·e. termaster began to grow miserly even with food. The The unequal duel could not last long. One by one garrison was allowed only two meals per day although the coastal guns and the anti-aircraft batteries fell dilent the officers' mess cut down dinner enough to al1ow a light while the huge na\•al pieces, whose cunningly concealed luncheon. So soon and so easily had the heart-breaking muzzles ~oYcred en:ory inch of sea approach and whose lessons of Bataan been forgotten! plotted fire could haYe blasted an enemy armada from Once again food was to be saved and hoarded and below the horizon, were rooted in immo\'able cement, stored and kept under lock vnd key-in expectation of pro doomed by a fatal irony to face foreYer an empty sea. longed resistance. Not until hundreds of en1isted men in Under the constant beating, the face of Corrcgidor l\fa1inta tunnel were poisoned by a rotten meal did head grew scarred and ugly. The spacious barracks and clubs quarters issue orders that used food should not be re and bungalows smashed and burnt down during the first cooked and rc-sen·ed in the name of thrift. And while days of the war, were now further triturated. The post the garrison endured these privations, the storage tunnels exchanges ha Compliments of: for your supply of . . . . J. P. HEILBRONN CO. (Ef;tablished 1909) SUGAR 575 Atlanta Street, Port Area, '.\lanila Tel. 2-95-15- 2-84-43 • refined -))·~- •washed PIONEER DEALERS IN THE PHILIPPINES FOR * PAPER and Cardboard of all Kinds • centrifugal * Office and School Supplies· * Printing and Litographing Machinery, Type, Printing Inks, and Supplies * Drawing Instruments see * Cellophane, Cellulose Bands and Sponges * Fir-Tex Building Board * Bodega Equipment - Barrett Lift Trucks KIM KEE, CHUA YU & Co., Inc. and Portable El~vators Bacolod - Manila - Cebu :\'"ew York Office: San Prancisco Office: 16 Beaver Street, 24 California Street. SOD Jabonero~ 'l\·l. San Francisco, California ~f auila New York 4, N. 1' November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN III infinite reluctance, and in the end it seemed that nothing could be done, that nothing had changed. The ghostly rab THE BATTERY crews began to mock and curse the ble would drift back into the tunnels at night, to haunt the well-groomed officers and men who, through no fault of patriotic alloeutions of the high command with the dread their own, enjoyed the inestimable privilege of doing their reality of their defeat. duty inside Malinta tunnel. Subordinates began to enter IV tain unjustified suspi"Zions as to the courage of superiors who, in strict accordance with military ritual, could com LIEUTENANT-GENERAL. Wainwright might indeed manrl their inferiors to expose themselves while they them boast to the world that Corregidor "can and shall be held." selves remained under shelter. Citations, medals, decora But the growing demoralization ate away the substance of tions, silver stars and purple hearts were scattered gen the words. Only the hope of victory can make endurabfo erously. But this largess could hardly digsuise the in the horrible sufferings of war, and in Corregidor there herent aristocracy of the army, which became ever more was no hope of victory. There was no future paradise hateful in the distorted light of the evening of defeat. to soften th€ rigol's of the pr€sent; for Corregidor there Another, more unexpected, division was that which was no future but defeat, no reality but the uncertain set apart the refugees from Bataan. These men whether · present. Filipinos or Americans, were frankly tired of war. Gaunt, Reality was a brief cigarette in the dark, a frenzied unshaven, dirtr, wrapped in a sullen despair, they squatted kiss and embrace beyond the end of the road, a plateful silently on the tunnel curb by day. By night they stretched of beans and a slice of canned pineapple, a throw of the out on their scraps of blanket or on the bare ~ement, across" dice, the turn of a card. the path of trucks and cars. They cluttered up the neat Above all, reality was a bloody carcass carried on a tunnels with their heterogeneous possessions with the swaying khaki stretcher along the cavernous gloom of Ma garbage and wreckage of war. linta tunnel, past the staring crowds suddenly grown Yet it was impossible to clear them out for they had hushed, past the varnished tables of the offieers' mess a certain tired stubbornness that defiE:d command or insult. where the colonels and tho pretty nurses kept their eyes And it was a sinister and insidious disease that daily in uneasily and gustily on the cards on their hands, and then fected and drew closer to them the garrison of Corregidor. into the hospital lateral, past the barber-shop and the There were frantic efforts to discipline them· or ab chaplain's library, finally to be laid on the white surgical sorb them into existing organizations; they were com tables to squirm and groan and scream J.nd mutter half manded to register, apply, report; they obeyed slowly, with rernembered prayer:; and half-forgotten names, amid tinkle Compliments of: BANK OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Pioneer Bank in the Philippines P.O. Box No. 777 Manila GENERAL BANKING OPERATIONS 4un 11IUDING CORPORATION e Telegraphic Trarurl'ers e Commercial and Travelers Letters of Credit e Traveler's checks • Drafts. Collections and e Every Description of Exchange and Banking Business e Current Account& Fixed Deposits e Savings Accounts Head Office: Bonifacio Drive Plaza Cervantes e near Thirteenth Street I 296 Manila I Branches: jCebu e lloilo e Zamboanga Page 24 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30 of instruments and the rush of water, and then perchance dor took on a faster, more intense tempo. The smallest to sink heavily into drugged and exhausted sleep on the and most simple pleasures became sought aftet• and treas double-decked beds that filled every foot of the tunnel, or ured as they became increa3ingly more rare and dangerous else to be carried once mo~·e:, the empty face covered m.er -an interrupted cigarette, a cold shower, a stolen biscuit, ciful1y with a blanket, back to the entrance of the lateral, a good night's sleep in the open air. to wait behind a :screen for the coYered truck to come and There was a heightenecl feeling that life was to be take it away in the morning. lived from day to day, without illusions of an ultimate Every day it seemed that the line of stret:!hers grew victory or heroic enshrinement. Many sought forgetful longer. The tunnel was filled with the whine and the ness in gambling. There was no other way to spend the clatter, the eerie bluishwhitc light of blow-torches welding accumulated pay that bulged in their pockets and they steel-beds into double-deckers; the narrow hospital corri rattled the dioe or played endless bridge, rnmmy, and dors were crammed with the wounded, the sick, and the poker. dying; the con\·ale.sc:ent wel'c hurried out to make room Jam session attracted great crowds which gathered for fresh casualties as the doctors made their rounds with in the dark and hummed softly 01· tapped feet to the nos an increasingly artificial joviality. talgic swing of a wheening organ, a haunting guitar, or Nurses snapped at one another, at the male attendants. a low-moaning trombone. Sometimes a nurse and her at the patients, as the intolerable strain continued. An of boy-friend of the evening would melt into a dance under ficial order commanded all the civilian women refugees the disapproving eyes of the onlookers which would grow on the island to lend a hand; and the gossips, the flirts,· soft and thoughtful, while other couples would steal out the Na,·y wh·es and the Army daughters, pleasant novels, into the perilous night, to lie on the harsh dry grass that their compacts, and their cigarette :ases, to carry soup was softened by the dew. trays or administer baths and rubdowns with their mani Out there a man might indeed forget, gulping down cured hands. And eYer.r day when the red light in front sweetened hospital alcohol, listening to the thin and deli of the Harbor Defense Headquarters went out and the air cate melody of a Filipino kundiman, or a muffled laugh raid was o,·er, the grimy unwashed bodies would come in surrendering Mind with all its fears and premonitions to on their stained stretchers, carried on a wave of silenc.e the warm embrace of Flesh. and spreading fear. Still others sought the consolations of religion and the symbols of another world, a better world of sweet and v eternal peace. The Catholics gathered at dawn in the of UNDER the deeping shadow of death, life in Corregi- fic~rs' mess of Malinta tunnel, where one of the tables was COMPLIMENTS OF SUN-RIPE COCONUT PRODUCTS, INC. MANUFACTURERS IMPORTERS & EXPORTERS MANILA, P. I. ~(;,$: Cable Address: SUKRICO GinehrCJ Codes: ACME & PRIVATE SanJ/tguel Factory Site: Liatan to PUP and Toso in MAGDALEKA, LAGU!\"A "Edonc Mapangarap," a La Ton dena, J11e. PHHntalion O\'er Central Orfice: DZFM every Tuesday from 8:00 TELS. 2-63-07 - 2-63·97 to 8:30 p.m. 1i9 :\ltlELLE DE BIXOXDO l\lANILA, P. I. LA TONDENA, INC. 618-652 Eehai..'11t', l\laniln -Tri. 3-26-10 November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 25 converted into a simple altar, and, kneeling on the bare cement, under the high white-washed vault, they listened devoutly and a little desperately to the same hushed sacra MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY mental phrases that had been whispered in the catacombs. Member: Philippine _4ssociation of But when at the Gospel the priest reminded the faithfui that no Catholi: to die (for was not death the gateway to Colleges & Universities eternal life, and did not man save his life only by losing itJ, the ancient formulas seemed suddenly to have a ring --COURSES OrWERED-- of rhetoric. The gaunt and haunt.._.>d men, and the women with G RAD U ATE COURSES averted eres, who listened to the brave assurances of faith. DOCTOR OF PHARMACY fought with a wild t 1ntamable instinct within their breasts, MASTER IN BUSINESS which drowned the misty beauty of the godly promise with ADMINISTRATION the primitive human will to Ih·e a few more weeks, a few more da:rs. as long as possible, no inatter how cruel or sinful in passing this Yale of tears, this battered rock, COLLEGIATE: this crumbling fortress, this lonely target of all the fury MEDICINE BUSINESS of earth and skr. Sweet indeed might be the vision and· DENTISTRY .ADMINISTRATION the promise of eternal life, but sweeter still was the life EDUCATION LIBERAL ARTS, of this earth to those who were about to leave it; sweeter NURSING, B.S.N. A.A. & A.B. than all the ghostly joys of paradise, the near familiar PHARMACY pleasures of the senses-air in the lungs, color in the eyes, softness ,and warmth to the touch, sound b the ears, though JUNIOR NORMAL it might be only the awful wailing of the hells sounding ». « :. • « the last days of Corregidor. HIGH SCHOOL VI >.' >.' THUS in the thickening dusk of defeat Faith was si ELEMENTARY OPENING, 2nd SEMESTER CLASSES, ( Continucd on Jmr:c 78) COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY, NOV. 14 Compliments of: Compliments of: Manila Auto Supply Co., Inc. l (Motod•1'' Headquarte" s;nce 1926) 1052-56 Rizal Ave., Manila .. Tel. 2-i2-9Cl ~ ... KIAN LAM DEALERS IN: FINANCE & EXCHANGE Automotive Parts, Accessories, Batteries Tires, Equipments and Tools. CORPORATION TRY US NEXT TIME YOU ARE IN NEED OF REPLACEMENT PARTS FOR YOUR CAR. .2 0 8 - 2 I 0 Juan Luna MANUEL LOPA Mani I a President & Gen. Mnuagc1 Page 26 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30 LETTER TO A WAR WIDOW By YAY AGUSTl1' I think of you, L,r Compliments of FIREARMS \ Catalog mailed on request AMERrnAN GOODS COMPANY Your Family Store 174 David (Between Escolta & Heacock's) ' Squires Bingham Tel. 3°26-60 l 89-91 Escolta, Manila ---~ November 30 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 27 them what God gave only you. a part-time basis are not considered as gucnillas entitled Manuel, your husband, needs nobody's tears. \Vhoever to recognition and pay." tried weakly because Jose Rizal faced the firing squad·r Lyd, I don't get it. You followed his trail to the edge of the pit where he Yours \Vas the reasonable word, the judicious head, bent his neck only once in his long, proud fighi. He bent the gentle hand among us. More, ,\"OU arc a war widow it to the execution~n"s sword. For nothing less than that and thus qualified by grief, pride, destitution and spiritual Compliments Compliments of of General Paint Corporation SYVEL'S INC. (PHILIPPINES), lnu. Where Smart Men Shop 13th & BOSTON STREETS PORT AREA qo Rl'gina Bldg. MANILA, P. I. f:,.coha, Manila Page 28 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 about a hundred pesos a month for enlisted men. to the same army. The U.S. Army said something about You looked at me and I looked at you. It meant recognition, and astute guerrilla leaders, told that it meant nothing to us because. for one thing, we were too damn the same care and compensation due a GI and knowing busr to be bothered. But with an eye apiece we did check their fighters were both deserving and terribly in need, O\'er the men in sight to see what it meant. Some were accepted recognition, well knowing it implied immediate restive, taut, poised for the Liberation and their venq-eful shipment to Japan on the f;rst invasion out. share in it. Others, worn out by the unending fight of \Vhat more could America ask, Lyd? For three years three long years, were too sick and tired to care except of anguish, the Filipinos did what even America in all her enYiousl,\r to wish the,\' might re-::over in time to fight. Oh, power and glory could not do, Thev kept the Stars and they were pleased enough! Compensation is a good word. Stripes flying behind fairly provided for, they were lining It has possibilities of all manner of compensations. But up for the invasion of th~ Japanese mainland. You'C. if you ask me,. it meant little more to them than the awaited think our people had done Pnough, having done for Amer word from the highe:st authorities that the guerrillas had ica what America could not do. been rip:ht all along. America would come back. Amer .Tanan collansed. There was no longer need for pa ica was back. . triotic fervor. The authoriti.es settled down to business. That seems to be how backpa)r started. Somebody ar And ""~ ! What a headache somebody had given riYed on a tidal waYe of Yictory and, without a~king ques somf'body ! Tn the first p]ace, it was dis:overed that a tions, made a raft of nromh~es. Nobody that I recall asked whole ronntry had been loyal and at least a million, of the America for backpay. A lot of people needed help, and· 18 miJl;on. active indeed. lit the second place, many a the multitude for loans; but there was nothing from within J·c•.·o had rriven his life before the Liberation. the Philippines pressing the Common-country still un .. Now, as I understand it, there is a rough estimate liberated, was occupied with fighting or hiding from the that in Luzon alone there may be as many as 500,000 guer enemy. rillas to be recognized. Certain American wits want to Carrie the Liberation. People were then occupied with know why that many could not have won the war. Well, picking up the pieces-relatives, friends, themselves-sur if the Japanese had been such a push-over, how come it prised it :ould be done. The backpay talk was beginning, took the Allies, including the wits, three years to make a but it wasn't a roar. comeback? Half of the guerrilla endeavor was not merely The guerrillas swept along with the army of occupa a life for a life but also keep the Philippines crammed tion. A lot who weren't guerrillas fastened themselves with occupation troops to hold them back from Australia. Praisewo1·thy is to 1·emember past heroes by 1·eligious and civic ce1·emonies, but; let us be Conceived by scientists'; heroes now, before othm·s remember us cw·sing fashioned by master craftsmea, played by out· our name for too much day d?·eaming and idle standing musicians •• , talk. Baldwin sets a distinguished standard. 'A Baldwin of your own biinss you a world of musical richness. , See one , .• hear one ••• play one and you wi~ know why no other piano will satisfY.. TUASON & SAMPEDRO, INC. LA COVADONGA BOX FACTORY 81 i Ci lo ho ilt· Orn. (~11i11pu )l:rnil:1 Tt·l. :J-2Ci-2!1 SAMPEDRO LUMBER CO. P. E. DOMINGO & Co., Inc. Lucban Baguio. :\I. P. Exclusive Diatributora 13-15 Escolta, Manila November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 29 The Japanese themselves admitted that nowhere in Lyd, you are one of the war widows excluded by their Co-Prosperity Sphere were they having the vexation Point!;. the Filipinos ga\·e thli'm. You yourself, Lyd, who for the I know you don't care. \Vhatever you gave and what first two years ran the g-amut of risk in Manila said that e\"er you lost in those perilous three years had no strings where in the beginning the Japanese hated the AmeJ'icans attached to them. You ga\·e freely, from a full heart, and made friendb· o\·ertures to the Filipinos at the prison from a holy heart. No pension could ever repay you your camps. within a year they hate DIXIELINE Compliments The Modern Bottling System of for Plants of Modest Size. Produces top quality Fred Wilson &Company, Inc. beverages at lowest 677 DAS~IARhVAS bottling cost. CONSULTING ENGINEERS The Philippine Net & Braid IMPORTERS OF MACHINERY 12s& Azomaga,~n~1~· Co., Inc. MANILA, PHILIPPINES lPhilippines Tel. ~-97-63 BRAKCH: CEBU Page 30 Promi1wnt among those \\' ht1 were· interned at Fort Santiago duri ng the Japan1·sc occupation arl', Id ~ to right: Roy C. Bennett. pre-war editor of tht' MANILA DA ILY BULLETIN : Georg" Bonnet, offidal of the French legation in Manila; Augusto Vahrc of th1 · C1·rami1·s lndm. tri('s; R. MrCullnugh-Dick. •·ditn a nd publishn of ' the PH ILIP PINES FREE PRESS : and Brn; to Pabon. This pinurc takrn sonwtime in 19-1-3 h~- a J aparn·s<· Krn1p1·i-Tai and smug_ .~lrd out nf Fort Santiago hy ~fr. ONG CHI & COMPANY Bon1wt . IMPORTER & EXPORTER ONG CHI BLDG. - 511 GANDARA ST. * ~!ANH.A. PHII.IPPINES CAHLlo: DEALEHS IN "01\GCHI" HARDWAHE Com pll m~nt1 of: MANILA At.: TO SPARE l'AHT~ PHILIPPII\E AMERICA'.'\ DIPORT COMPA'.'\Y TF.J.EPHONE ACCESSORIES & :!1 :! - ~H :iam"nlllo Alt!K .. •;M' Compliments of Compliments of Manila Blue Printing Co., Inc. Tel. a-25-3!1 Quiapo, Manila f\20-11.~2 Arle1nti co11'1j> 1· Gunao SANTOS TAXI P:i.per •· Slatio1wry ::;chf.>o\ Supplies 4 OfCice Equipment & Supplies * Artists' Colon; & Materials "' Blue Prints .;. White Prints Sen:-:itized Paper & Developers Photostats Pdntin ~ & Developing Machines Drafting Equip- ment & Supplies (• Surveying & Engineering Pureza, Sta. Mesa, Manila, Philippines Mate rial :-: Hepair:; of Office E•1uipment ll<>neral Merchani:tise Tel. 6-64-66 November 30 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 31 them as well in their sorrows and afflictions. She had DR. HAWTHORNE DARBY always a helping hand for ever,vone. Her life was char acterized by absolute surrender to the will of God. She By NARCISO RAMOS believed in, and practiced absolute unselfishness, absolute (Philippine Minister to Argentina) purity, absolute honesty and absolute lo\'e. Dr. Hawthorne Darby was one of the countless vi<:tim~ Her arrest by the Japanese Military Police in the of Japanese brutality in the Philippines. She was a martyr earl)" part of 1944 was a shock to her host of friends. But to the cause of freedom and democracy. In the torture with Christian faith and fortitude, she bore bravely the chambers of Fort Santiago, the enemy c~uld not break her cruel and inhuman treatment whi::h was the common lot spirit. She was executed because she l'emained faithful of suspects in Japanese hands. In prison, she was un to her Christian principles, loyal to her American ideals selfish and uncomplaining. She comforted her cell-mates irnd true to her Filipino friends. by saying: "\Ve are here to take the phH:es of those who This Indiana-born Ame!·ican woman came to the Phil have done more and would suffer more if they were ippines in the :30's as a missionary doctor. Her purpose brought here." was not personal aggrandiz-ement or. material profit but In those frightful days when almost any hour one might lmsclfish SO'\·ice to a far-away people struggling for na be taken by the Japanese Military Police, the example of tionhood under America's bene\·olent guidanee. Dr. Darby merely stiffened our determination to resist She helped lay the foundation of the Cosmopolitan the enemy. The Japanese had the Filipinos completely Church of Manila. As superintendent of the Mary J. · under lheir power but they could not subdue their souls Johnston Hospital, she continued the wonderful work of because their spirit, as unyielding as Dr. Darby's, cried for her predecessor, Dr. Rebecca Parish, among the poor wom freedom. The bonds of love and friendship which had en and children of Tondo. Later in the Emmanuel Hos bound Americans and Filipinos together have been pital and ir. her own private clinic in this city, she was a strengthened because of our common sacrifices and hard source ot' comf'o1t and relief to many who were either ships in our joint struggle for redemption. Our loyal and spiritually or physically sick, or both. Quietly and ear affectionate regard for Ameri::a will remain unchanged nestly «he worked to win people to God. Patiently and skill for ages because of the Darbys, the Staggs, the Wilks and fully she kbored to cure their physical ills. She won the a host of other God-inspired Americans who not only en love and confidence of a great number of Filipinos because riched. our Ih·es b.r teaching us the beauty of fellowship she consecrated her life to their wellbeing. This good and with Christ but also stood with us and by us during our Yirtuous woman took a sincere interest in many a Filipino rlarkest hour. \\"e Filipinos should enshrine them forever family, rejoicing with them in their success and joining in our hearts. Bigger Drink ... BOTICA de SANTA CRUZ ESTABLISHED 18til DRUGS - CHEMICALS - PHARMACEU. TICALS MALLINCKRODT ANALITI CAL REAGENTS LABORATORY & HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT "LEITZ" MICROSCOPES - "LEICA" Better Taste! CAMERAS PHOTOGRAPHIC SUPPLIES X-RAY & ELECTRO-MEDICAL EQUIPMENT PEPSICOLA BOTTLING COMPANY ••< OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC. 903-905 RIZAL AVENUE, MANILA STA. MESA EXTENSION CORNER BALETE DRIVE TEL. No. 2-89-68 Page 32 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 THREE LIVES TRIUMPHANT By YANG SEPENG HA VE missed my favorite pastor 3t the Cosmopolitan by and Miss Wilk as 1 do, I am absolutely sure, how Student Church of Manila-Mrs. Mary Boyd Stagg ever, that if they were alive today, they would not even who, through he1· life more than her Sunday sermons, like their work mentioned much less demand compen had brought unbelievers by the thousands to the feet of sation for their services. the Master. So have other church-goers by the hundreds. They certainlY would not hear or see her again, not until They Choo.,. to Stay the day "When The Roll ls Called Up Yonder." WAR was already a certa;nt·y a:; the y::ar 1941 d;·cw Mrs. Stagg, or "Mother Stagg" as every one used to to a close and many Americans, afraid to be caught in call her, Dr. Hawthorne Darby and Miss Helen \Vilk, the the Philippines wlfr::h was sure to be a battleground, hur last two being former director and manager, respectively, ried home in any available means of transportation. There of the Emmanuel Cooperative Hospital, have paid a great were, however, many who considered their business and price with their lives for their unswerving and unselfish· personal interests i1· this country too valuable to be aban de\·otion to the Filipino people during the enemy occupa doned .rn that they decided to remain come what may. Not tion. Yet their supreme sacrifice is hardly known outside a few held the belief that American might would be able of the members of the Cosmopolitan Student Church. For to repel any attack on U.S. defenses in the Philippines, that matter, there is no one today who is working for the hence they disregarded the warnings of the times, only to official i·ewgnition and reward of their services in the find themselves at the mercy of the Japanes!! conquerors ban~ly three w<~cks 2fter the treachery on Pearl Harbor. resistance movement. Knowing Mother Stagg, Dr. Dar- But the three women, whose work among the Fili- EPHRAIM G. GOCHANGCO ANTOllliO GAW STRL"CTL"RAL- ENGINEER-CONTRACTOR l ATTORNEY-AT-LAW :? 1'·:'U9 C-enl,.nl Hotel lluildin..: _(:o~·n~r:_Hi,':ll Aw .. & Au·nn111tn, Manil!\ 75."> ltIZAL AVENUE ll':. ~.(i, •. ,' l 2.NI> Jo'l.OOlt, RM. 4. TEL. 2-'72-32 THE MAJESTI[ l\fanila's l\fost Modern Hotel Compliments Lun2ta Parli:, '.\lanila Tel. 3-27-93 DON ANTONIO RIVERO - Prnp. of -»•«- THE l.IAJESTIC - AN EIGHT-STOREY FIRST CLASS HOTEL; 68 BEAUTIFUL AND SPACIOUS ROOMS FOR PERMANENT OR TRANSIENT RES MANILA SURETY & IDENTS: A MAJESTIC EDIFICE OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE: BUILT IN THE HEART OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED SECTION OF THE CITY EQUIPPED WITH ALL THE MODERN FIDELITY CO., INC. CONVENIENCES AND WITH THE MOST ELE GANT DANCING PAVILLION AND DINNING HALL IN TOWN. FROM ITS SUN-DECK. ONE GETS A PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE CITY OF MANILA, SEES THE BEAUTIFUL SUNSET OF MANILA BAY; AND BREATHES IN THE HEALTH -GIVING SEA BREEZE. Room 301 Monte de Piedad Bldg. THIS IS AN INVITATION TO LUXURIOUS AND COM FORTABLE LIVING! A HEAVEN FOR TRAVELLERS. Plaza Sta. Cruz, Manila Tel. 2-88-80 November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 33 lipinos was a life mission, were not aial·med at the ap mosphere that immediately imprcssl' Mrs. Stagg Become.~ PaHfot' of Co1mtOJJolifan a mifsionary and soC'ial worker. She was so uns<'lfish that The war overtook Mother Stagg here; so it did Sam 1hc interest shC' took upon peoplC', whether :n trcublc or not. was indc>ed a warm love which one experience's onb· Boyd, one of her two sons. Lione~ Stagg, the other son~ was in America then. So were Ma.ry Stagg an Compliments SELECTA of Refreshment-Restaurant-Caterer Home of LUZON INVESTMENT Qttality Ice C1'eam & F1'esh Milk & RAMON ARCE PROPRIETOR DEVELOPMENT CO., INC. Et:l.ALIO ARCE MORTGAGE LOANS MANAGER REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS 2168 AZCARRAGA COR. LEPANTO ST. QUIAPO, MANILA TELEPHONES' Room 202-204 LUZCO Building OFFICE: 2-66-26 Dasmariiias cm·npr Dm·id FACTORY: 2-115-25 Manila. PhilippinPs Page 34 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 WAR CLAIMS COMMISSION HITTING ITS STRIDE After battling ne:irly two months with the proble ms of orµ::.1n• i7.ntion thnt generally accompany the formation of a new Go,·ern He.p. Anthony Can1lcanH: nient agency, the 'Var Claims Commission h;.1s finally 1·e:iched a (0-l'enn). who a.ulhored the C:walcante Bill giving bene pnint whel'e it is beginning to see light and I.he scopr of the job fit ~ to Filipinos impri:-;oned it has undertaken. rluring the war for political Estnblis:hment of the Comission was :1uthorized Julv :i , 1948 activities. when the War Claims Act ·of 1948 (Public Law 89li, ROth 'con~n?ss) was signed by the l'rei::iden t. The Act provided that three pt>rsons be appointed by the Pre>'ident to head up the ·war C!a.ims Commb s:ion. On July 28, 1949, Pre;;ident Trummi nomin:tled Daniel F. Cleary, Mr:-. Gt.>orµ:ia L. Lusk :rnd D:wid N. Lc>wis. The three were co nfim1ed by the Sen:1tc Septembc>r 1:l, 1!)49 and wen• .,:worn in a .,: War Clninn• Commi:-;.,:ioner.,: the following day. Co mmL~:-:io ne1· .,: Clean' 0111d Lewi:-; a1·e l:tw\'er:-; :rnd Air Fore 11w ~ <>f r/uittt" 111 /,,. """~i General Lines of Compliments of: • DRUGS • PHARMACEUTICALS • CHEMICALS • COSMETICS Emilio Reynoso &Sons, Inc. (Painting Contractors) FARMACIA CENTRAL, INC. WHOLESALE & RETAIL DRUGGISTS :ltd Fl. C hac o Bldg. (':dill' addn·ss: Tel. 2-80-49 "Rc~·no,.'O·· Manufacturers' Representatives Pla;o:a Ce1·\·anlt-s 'lanila. Philippi111·" 248 )U)SAIUO, l\IAXILA TEL. 2-62-90 November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 35 Three Lives Triumphant During the first three months of the occupation, the:ir (Continued from JH'fl<' ./.J) underground ac:tivities were Yer:r meager, consi~ting mere ly of keeping up morale among the population through as Ht• That Lo. Compliments of & REUANCE MOTORS, INC. ~~ l;g_::p 13th & Boston Sts., Port Area, Manila ~ Disfributm'.~ of:------~ •SERVICE •CADILLAC •BUICK • EQUIPMENT • VAUXHAI.L CARS and • SPARE PARTS • BEDFORD Trucks & Vans "No car or truck is better than the service behind it" Page 36 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 to call tlw gue1Tillas, had been treated, hospitalized, fed Mother St2gg, Sam Boyd and Agustin Ortega, a dormi and the like at the hospital. En~n the men employees of tory boy, were anestecl at the parsonage at 450 Taft Ave tlw institution that kept changing often were guenillas nue. On that same day a mass arrest of susperts was thcmsclYes. made in ·which Juan Elizalde, Enrico Pirovano and Jose l\:'Iother Stagg who lin~d at the parsonage had con Ozamiz Wl'l'e among the prominent ones. Some 120 sus tads with the Straug·hn g·ucnillas and the two others and pects were herded into Fort Santiago that day. I\Iiss Abaya with .l\farking's Fil-American guerrillas. They The following February 4 ·another mass an·est was soon solicited contribution from other people and gathered made. This time Dr. Darby, Miss Wilk, Miss Abaya, Tito arms hidck'n in the City and smuggled same to the guer Dans and many other Cosmopolitan Student Church mem rilla bands. bers were mclucled. They were taken forcibly before dawn. A story is told by l\iliss Abaya of a time when the late The charges against each and everyone were: supporting Cushing ,\·cnt to the hospital one bright afternoon. He guerrillas, spreading pro-American and ;~!lti-J apanese pro brought a\~-n~· with him a radio set. In 1943 the coming paganda, membership in a huge espionage ring allegedly in and going out of underground opcratiYes at the hospital headed by a colonel who, according to the Tn'bune of July was a daiJ~· occu1Tence. The location of the hospitctl, being · 11, 1944, was head of the U. S. Army military intelligence much out of the way, however, was an ~ulvantage. servi:e before the outbreak of the war but was able to At th:_• Cosmopolitan Mother Stagg was as much in the leave for the United States shortly before Pearl Harbor. risky unde1·g1"ound as her two colleagues, if not more. She This officer referred to was probably Lieut.-Col. kept arms in the pl'emises. It is said that in view of the· Evans, and the Japanese claimed that he was sent back to daring activities of the three women, the flickering light the Philippines in 1943 in a submarine. of demo::racy was Ut•.rning vniy at the Emmanuei Hos Of Mother Stagg.it was also charged that she sheltered pital and in the church. two Chinese wanted by the Jap Kempei--Mr. Go Puan Seng and myself-and our families. Mother Stagg saw to lnfcn.'!ijy.ing Guerl'I/{,; Adi1·ific::-;; Confcso1· Letter it that those wanted were moved from one family to an Such a fervent spirit was contagious and the three other among members of t.he Cosmopolitan church. \nJmen kept it spreading like particles of yeast. They Needless to describe, the brutal tortures the missiona \,·on people to the resistance movemenL and had them con ries re~ei~;ed at Fort Santiago did not make them reveal tribute to the cause in varying amounts in cash or in kind. r::unes of guerrillas or others who supported the move There was one Co Ban Ho, an alien wh~i through the ap ment in whatever manner. Unbroken in spirit, they were peals of Mother Stagg gave to the guerrillas P85,000 in never seen to grieve or repent. They were almost con cash. For the ad Co paid for his life us did the rest. tinuously ir. prayer and, although conversations were pro Days, W('cks and months did not go fleetir;,g by but hibited, the women missionaries comforted their cellmates dragged on in t(•dious slackened pace. ..:\nd suffering un an H07\f.-\(iE TO FT. S.\~Tl.\(;O HEHOl·:S.--'l'bi ... i,; ;1 .'icl:lll' inside Furl S;rnliago 011 ~alioual Hl·rm·s' Da~· la.-;t ~·car durini.r thi.: l'dehr:iilon s pon,., on·tl hy th.1 · Philippi11c 1-:x - Polili<·nl Pri,,om·r,. .\ .. -.odalio11. Thous·a nd-. upon thou saruls alk111lnl lht• l"l'rc111011i<·,, wlM:r1· promi11l•11l national fiµun· .... . i111'l11tling- (iii Puyal, .\li1ii skr Thoma-. H . Lo<'kctt. Judge Antonio quirino and ollH·rs, th· lfr"· 1·ecl slining spcl~c h es ill 1m•11wr~ · of l11t· l1t·1·ocs who .... uffrr1·tl death :uul tortur,e al the hand ....• of the Japa11csc durilll-( lhc cncm~· occupatio11. shared the sufferings they have gone through. If they and early February, possibly belonging to the guerrill• (the Japanese) kill me because 1 have holped the Amer group, was removed to the City Jail at Bilibid. In this icans and Filipino boys, l am going to heaven." group Miss Abaya remembers Miss Wilk, M1«1. Blan:he Dr. Darby had spoken in the same vein. "I am un Jurika, a former patient at the Emmanuel Hospital, and repentant," Miss Abaya quoted her as saying : "l am con among these arrested, Cir:Jo Perez, Ozamiz, Ehzalde and tent in whatever situation I am in. I have peace with others. They were about 30 in number. God." The second group left May 15 ~nd included another As Miss Abaya well remembers, on May 13, 1944, the 30 of whom were Dr. Darby,_ two Catholic Sisters, Mrs. first group of the bunch arrested the previous January (Cu11ti1111ed un JJll!JfJ. 7 7) Page 38 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 WAR CLAIMS COMMISSION fumished and help given internees and POWs. (Continued fi·oin ,,age ./4) The money used to pay the rlaims and to administer the Com expected to carry the brunt of defense in case of an attack. Many mission will not come out of the taxpay<:r's pock.et. The War Claims American citizens were captured and interned by the enemy in Fund is made up of money confiscated by the U. S. Government other parts of the world after they had been warned repeatedly from enemy aliens after Pearl Harbor. It is interesting to note to come home, but who elected to stay in the trouble zones for va t.hat enemy nntions and thE"fr citizens are paying from t.hcir own rious reasons. The claims of the latter class will be studi~d bv the funds for their wartime violations of mtemational Jaw. Commission. • Claims of another type of beneficiary coming under the War ilfr. CAV.1LCANTE introd11ced the following bill; which was re Claims Act will be administered by the Federal Secul'ity Agency. fe1·1·ed to the Committee on /11te1·xtritP. rrnd Foreign Comme1·ce: These claims come from AmeriC'an citizen;;, who were working for To e.xtend ce1·tain benefit:-i under the War Clnims Act of 191,8 contractors with the United States on Pacific Bases, who wel'e to specified civilian Philippine citizens. caught by the enemy and imprhmned. They have already been com Be it enacted by the Senate rind House of Representatives of pensated for part of their wages under an older law, hut many will the United States of Ame1icrin in Congress asse.mblecl, That this receive more under the War Claims Act. Act mny lie cited r111 the "Philippine Internees Act of 1949". The Federal Security Agency will also pay disability and death SEC. 2. The 11enefits granted to civilian American citizens by benefits to certain American citizens internees. Maximti.m 1~ayment and in section 5 of Public Law 89ti, Eightieth Conm·Ms, chapter for either death or disability is $108.3:1 a month, with limit of $7,500 · 8!iUi, second session, s11bject to the r1xceptiot1s provided in subsec in any one case. · tion (a) tliercof, are hereby extended to civilian Filipino citizens The War Claims Commission will handle ;ill "d·~tention bene 'who for tiny 11e1iocl of time. 1mbseq1tent to /Jecembe1· ti, 1941, were fits" for internees. Under the Act, American citizen:-; will receive 'held 1111 tlie Ja!Jttnese Goven1me11t us pri.'fone1·s, internees, hostages, $60 a month for each month of their internment. ($25 if under 18 or i1i tmy otl1er cripacity for rictfoities against the Japanese Gov years old during internment). The act further pm\"ides that all· ernment and in aid to the Ame.-i·ican Govc1·nment and its armed military personnel who were prisonel"s and did not receive food of fo1·ces. the standard set by the 1929 Geneva Com•ention al'e entitled to SEC ..l, Tliat tl1e Wai· Claims Commission provided for in $1.00 for each day on which the food pro\"ided was inad-t!quate as to section ~ of P1tl1lic Law 89fi, Eightieth Cong1·ess, chapter 826, se quantity or qualitr. cond sesxi011, shall contfoue to function for the purpose of receiv Estimates furnished to the Commission show that close to 1:10,- ing, acljudictitin.g, and settling claims under this Act, for a period 000 persons in the Prh•oner of War class will come under the Act. of not 11w1·e. t11m1 tlwee 11ears from afte1· the date when it liegins Estimates also show that the number of internees who will benefit to 1·eceive tmch claims, rrnd may, with the consent of the head of it amund 6,000. trny ot11c1· depm·fment or ngency of the Govet·nment, utilize the fa Budget Bureau estimates show that an average of $413 will be f'ilities rmd He1'l'ices of imch deptwtme.nt or agency in. cm•ryin.g out pairl to ex-1•ri~rint:>rs with the maximum paymc:nt around $1,:300. Max ifH f1rnclio11x m1Cler thi1> Act. imum payments to internees for detention will be around $2,700. SEC. 4. Tl1e1·e is hereby approp1·iated f1·ont the geneml fundl'l Relir,-=ous o•· ... an;:-a~!ons, it is e~ti1Pa~r-t. will l"PC'E'iYe in the neigh of the United States Gove.rnment the :-i11m of I' . .. to carry out the borhood of from one and one-half to two million dollars for food provisions of this Act. COMPLIMENTS of the ~ NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 385 Lipa, Sampaloc, Manila November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 39 Part of th <' ~nlional H··nw,. ' \)a ~ (·:~~\~~ .'.~ " :1: :,1\·.· ...1'., t:ll·~~i.: :,-~· ·, ) h~ '.: : \.'i)t~·.~ J>n·:-; idl'll\ l·:J piclin ~)11i ri11 11 \\"a :-' th·· prill('i pal ... p1 ·ak·,·1· al a -. p1· dal 111·n .c:1· :1111 ho11nri11 ,·:· tho'\' Fi- \i;111i1t:ll•:1: .,':. t.;: 1 ~~· : 1· ::1· /i:::, - ,~::: : ;'. ti,,. I h1· Thi .. j,. a .,(•1 · r1t· durinµ: rn;i ,.,, h (' ld :d I h t· l'la:t.a ~:iula C ruz cln11Th ir1 '.\l :111il :1 i11 llh· 111or11i11i.r of :-;-o,· (' llllwr :10 , 1!) ~Ii. w i! h I h<' theu \'i(·1·-l'r1·.-. icl ... nl 1-:lpidio Quiri110 arnl \fr .... . \11 r111·a .\ . (~u ('zo 11 ;1,. tht• :~ 111· :-- \ " .,j honor, Page 40 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 T/5 OLSON: G. I . R11 MANUEL E. lJUENAFE l. 1: 7 HILE fighting in the Cagayan Valley ,we wc1·e sub no commander who had an American driver. \,.'V ie:ted to all sorts of discrimination by the Amer T.:> be sure, I was in a mood to "give it back to him." ican o~tfit we were attached to. It ranged all the war But he WPS a shy respectful p:uy, T15 Myrle Olson was. I from food to doing dangerous patro] work. was bc.'!inning to suspect that he was picked precisely for In the beginning, the discrimination was not so marked his humbleness, but even yet I was not going to be denied or was at least camouflage ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~c1·n 1· :L[ tli1- Fod Sanliaµ:o . et·rt· 111n11i1· ..; 011 )i°o n ·mlw r :IO, l!l lti , '.'l :dioual l-l 1· 1·m·., · l> a v, aflcr tlu· la y inj.( of \\' l't• alhs at' lh<· gr:w1•., of !ht• lu·rn1 ·..; w ho tli,1·d jn, idc th•· f11rl 1l11ri11µ: th1'. .Tap:1n1·.,,• oc<·upn lio11 . 111 1h1· pid11r1· .'ll'c the then \'i<·1·-P1•,1• -. id1·r1l Elpidio Qni1·iuo. 'lrs . Tri11i1lad Hoxa "' . a111I \fr.,. , . \111·01•;1 .\ . Q111·:i;o11. P:1rl of the cro,nh. that atlt:rnkd the ~ational H c r1w .. · Dav <'1T1·- 111 0 11i <''1 :1t Fort S :u1Liauo 0.11 :'.'\n \'- 1·mlwr :JO , 19Vi. sp;111 son·d hy tli .1· Philippin1• Ex- Polili<·al nri ,_o n e r< ;\_.; ,;o r iat i11!1. w it h \11(· tlu..: n Secretary o f the lntnior [o<.: t· ( '. Zulueta n :-o gm·.;t .; p1:ak(•r: Page 42 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 3u 7/5 OLSON: G.I. may be true," said the second MP, and added vaguely, (Co11ti11urd from /Ja.~'' '.Jo) "But order is order." "Couldn't you take my word for it'?" Myrle countered. "SoITy," said the MPs definitely. in the outlying hills. \\'c would try to c.:atc:h a nan Now J could see blood rise in Myrle's face. I was very only when we could not help it. After three days, I could much embarrased, but 1 managed to say, "Okay, Myrle, see that he had thinned and aged considerably. But he let's go." Myrle obeyed, but I could see involuntarily. didn't iose his enm disposition. Myrle never cussed, and He was silent all the way hom"e, and his lips were pursed I thought that if lw rlicl <.:uss now, I wouldn't bl' n1:·1riE<'~l. and his breathing came in snorts. But he never did. Myrle was about 20, or Norwegian ancestry. As we The last lap of the journey. going back the Valley. would prepare for bed every night, he would pull out his was a &traight 14-hour ride. \\"e had a snack at Tarla<: wallet and take a long locl~ at a picture of his Dad and and at sundown began climbing the tortuous Balete Pass :Mom. He never admitted he was lonely, but one could zigzags. It .was always misty and raining out thei·e, and not heip noticing how mucl~ a boy he stil1 was. the road was now particularly dangerous. In parts the Myrle couldn't .;tar with us forever. The 37th Divi mud wao up to the hub of th€ wheel. The slightest error. sion was moving out, and so was he. and the yawning ab~·ss felt awesome in contemplation. Visibiht)' was bad because of the mist that gathered like 1-fo got his order one ~ fternoon to report back to his thick clouds in spots. As we thus wound through the un unit at 6 in the afternoon. He intimated that perhaps I inhabited pass that was still full of marks of furious bat could do something about thl' matter. He preferred stay ing tle that had taken place O\"l'I' its 200-kilometer stretch, ·1 with us rnthcr than going back to his own outfit, felt very lonely. We could ha,·e been ambushed at the which was not going home yet anyway. But I said there wmm't ir.t:th I could do. next bend or falle~ into the deep gorge at the next incline .and nobody would han~ kn0wn the difference. It was a nut lw didn't go at 6. He said that it might be the \"er.r lonely war of dying, I thought, and perhaps Myrle last tlli1e he would be driving for me, so he said I ~ould have had the same thought. The hoot of an owl n1· the han1 11;1n the whole night. \Ve compromised on 10 o'clock droop of an o\·erhanging ban,\·an lrt><' contributed to the ancl I ~•skccl him to drive m~ to Ilagan where I was going eeriness of the atmosphere. to bid goodbye to some friends myself since our days in After an hour of meditating unwholesome ways of thP Ca:~ayan Valley were numbered. I left him with some dying, I felt sleep,\·. I tried to fif.!.hl off tlw drowsincsc;. I mutual friends and told him where to pick me up at 10 was going to bear M.rrle company through. But some riharp. His friends immediately arranged a party for him, how I couldn't stand it any longer. I apologized to l\fyrle but it was so slow getting ~tarted that at 10 sharp, it had and climbed into the tru::k. Hardly was I settled on the not ret begun. (Cot1tiniud on pt1ge 75) floor of the truck when· it began to storm. The wind : howled and the rain poured as we raced through. Myrle hunchccl on his wheel for better Yisibility. 'Ve we1·e get ting wet, and the wind was biting on the flesh. Sleep, howe\•er, O\'erpowered physical discomfort and soon I was Compliments asleep. Come to think of it. I wondered what thoughts raced through the kid's mind as he drove through a regular storm !n a tropical jungle that was yet none-too-safe from J ap snipers. We arrh·ed a iittle after two at dawn. Now I thought of we could rest as long as we wanted. I would order Myrle confined in quarters for a week as his reward. Sleep was the highest prize he could e\'er have. But it was not to be. The O.D., his eyes still heavy with sleep. offered an order. I was due in Regimental 70 kilometers away Navales Rrnkerage Co., Inc. before six in the morning: J couldn't say anything whe~ I passed the paper on to iV!yrle. Once, furing a respite, we were invited to a dance Customs Brokers at the public square of Ilagan town. I chose not to wear any insignia for Myrle's sali:e. He, on the other hand, put Forwarding Agents on his two stripes with T under it for the first time. Hair properly parted and combed, in his well-pressed suntan, he Tel. 2-71-71 looked very handsome indeed. After having been seated a while, we were approached by two iV!Ps. "'! am sorry. guy," one of the MPs said to me, "but this iR a ball for Americans. Only Filipino of RM·211 Padilla Bldg. Entrance: foers allowed.'" I rose to go. Myrle stood up himself and said, "He is a major, He didn't wear his oak leaf for 446 Dasmariiias 210 Marqqina my sake. We hav• been invited to this affair.'' "That THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 43 November 3U - ---- F B1 ·n Brillnnl<'"· ,.,,cc rctar~· '.!'t' lll' l'al nt' the Philippine ~-x- 1'11litical l'rh.011c 1· ... a':-.oci:llinn .q1d l'Lninuan of tl11 : PEPP.-\ 111i-. ... in11 .... 1·111 to \\"a l'> hington. ' o ohlnin am1•111l11ll·llls to thr Wai· {'!aims .\C'( of 19•JH. "Jwald11µ: lwfor1· thP annual 1•011\·1 ·11tio11 of lh1· \'di-rans of Fon·iµ:n \\'ar ... nf tl1c Dislril'I ( \\ · a ~ hin g ton) la :-: t June. THE . PEPPA IN REITROSPECT g_, ..H iluyro .-.: .- \. Non111/o Som1.>tinw towards tlw Ptld of 19-16 a gl'oup of formtir TheS'...' local :: h apt'l 1 1·~ render n •po:'ts to the secretarial undergrouncl men and women, most of whom were t~'H'ttu0ci ;\bout tlwir indi\'!du:.11 mem.bPrs and the centl'al organ h).· the Japs in Fort Santiago, got together to t.•xcha ng1· ization, \\' hPll: '·•c;· possible, hus renden.•d assistanc:e to "verr reminis<:ences of their cxperie nc:es as political pri s oner~ . local unit and ib; :ndi,·idual ml'mbers. In the course of the com·ersalions an idea came into tlwir Pe l'haps most not eworthr ac.:c.:omplishmcnt of the minds to form a permanent organization among themsck(·~ . PEPPA for its :W,OGO rr11.:mbe1·s ,,·as the introduction of the an organization whi·.:h \\'oa\d foJ'l'\'l'l' band them togctlwt . Can1\cant<' Dill b<•fore tlw House of Representatives of Thus was bo;·n the Philippine Ex-Political P1·ison01·s' Ax th<' L'.S. Th is nwasun.'. s ponrni·e Three \'car~ after its fornrntion. the PEPP A !ms (•\l• lulu cind Fr.. Jaime S. ~ e ri. of Xew York. both of \1.rhom rolled a tot~I of around :rn.ooo rrwmbers Jh·ing in all parts \\·vr<' 1ortured in Fo1·t Santiago :~nd lWuntin lupa. Unfor of the count!',\' crnd C'omi nµ- fro1:1 different national stoc:l>s t mrnt0h" he :.: anse of Jlr1's.. ing donwsti<.- and fot'<'ign problems hut all form('I' \'idims of .Japa1wsc' persecution and O!)f.H''.'S con1' 1 ·01~t;ng- the l'.S. CongT<'SS at the tinw, c:onsi J'ht' '>t ' W1 ·n · lht' offid11J1> of the Chin•' "" t•o n .... nlalt· in \laui)a 111 llw outhn:ak of the war who w.1· r·· 1· Xt'('lik(l hy t l11 · .fap:nH'M'., Fourth f1·11111 the It-ft. froul row. j,. ( ' 1111 ...· 11[ ( i,. u .. ral ( ' lan·11C'l" Kwanµ::-.011 Ynu111.r. a11d third frorn rig·hl . ;.., \ . il't' ( '01,..,111 f-\ . Y . \Ink. In la-.l ,·.···1r· ... (·, ·l1·l>ra ti o 11 ,i1· :\:;tiuual H1 · ro o· .. · D .t \' :d Fod ~anliaµ-1; . (iil J. Puy;d, fonn,.r pn·... itl1·11t of tli1· 0Philippi110· : hamhcr t> i C1•1t11llt'rce and a 11\l'lll i,t'r ,,j t ht· a,.,_,Jcia ti•11 1. i .... ;cen giving- thl' opt·ning addrl'S." . It \\':t" ;d kndl'd hy tht: hig ;c: PHILIPPINE REFINING COMPANY, INC. PRODUCERS & DISTRIBUTORS • WHITEBAND shortening; •LUX • JILi :EBA!'iD Man~arinc •LIFEBUOY • CA!\IIA cdihlc oil • CONTINENTAL Chicken Noodle Soup Vc.l!ctablc Soup :\!ix 1035 Isaac Peral, Manila November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 4S CHINA'S NOBLE HEROES IN THE PHILIPPINES Br ILDEFONSO T. RUNES T the Manila North Cemetery there stands obelisk membership. The leaders of the anti-Japanese groups of Alike a monument dedicated to the sacred memorr of Chinese were befon~ Pearl Harbor \'CIT open; during the Chinese heroes and martyrs who died in the Philippines Japanese cccupation of the Philippines they went under during thE' ocCupation from the hands of the ~ruel Japanese ground but not with less fer\·01·. invaders. For 10,000 Chim~se, more or Jess, paid with \\"ith the occupation of the Philippines, the Japanes<• their lh·es for the courage they had shown in defense of made anests by the thousands, the largest numbers of their mother -::01.mtry which, before the treacherous attack which were Filipinos. Americans and Chinese. All the on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese, was already at war prominent Chinese we1·c thrnwn into Fort Santiago and against Japan for four years. In fact, the undeclared war othe1· conc.entration ~amps and jails. Their properties of aggression waged b~· Japan on China started in earnest \\"<.•n• <:onfiscated, anci tml~· a few escaped severe punish in 1931 with the seizure of :Manchuria. ITil'Ht. Thosl• who \\ eut undergrnund <'ither cc;operating Resisting aggression, the Chinese fought a long war with Filipinos ancl Americans, or opernting ind?pendently of attrition, enlisting the s~'mpathy of nther peoples who l:lr themselves, started the gucnilla resistant<' almost si Saw in Japan's acts a deliberate, though fantastic, attempt multaneouslr with th~ Filipinos. Among the most prom to dominate the world. The Filipinos readil~· and wholc inent groups were the-- Chinc.•se Ovel'sea \Vartime Hsueh heartedir supported the Chinese people and with those in kan Militi!l (CO\\"HM), Philippine Chines-...' Youth '''artim~~ the Philippines ther cooperated in the c;conomic boycott Special Scr,·ice Co1·ps, Philippine Chinese Volunteers, Phil of Japan 2.nd showed their sympathies through the or ippine Chinese Anti-Japanese Guerrilla FGrce (\\7AH-Chi), ganization of the Friends of China, the League for the De Philippine Chinese Anti-Japanese and Anti-CollRborator& fense of Democracy, the Chinese Industrial Cooperatives League, Philippine Chinese Pek-kek Gu2nilla Force (Pe (Philippine chapter) and simi1ar lo~alized groups of mixed keJq, Philippine Chinese Anti-Japanese Volunteers and Compliments of G. Y. CANSO, INC. CUSTOMS BROKERS PRESENTS "MAMBO ALA BENGCO" 207 C'u- Cnjieng Bldg. Vocal CHITO REYES ~ Forwarding Agent!'i Da,,mmrrn:ls -1fo:mrio With '.\lagno & Hii-1 Cumbancheros \\'a1·ehousemen lm1>orleri;; ~ Exporter~ Tel. 2-01-40 On Sale al all• Uecord Bars Page 46 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30 others. Th<~ Committee of Boycott .Mo\·ement Against Third in the !isl of Chinese patriots in the Ol'der of .Japan, which was a pr<'W~1r organization, also went under their ranks was Consu] P. K. Chu who was killed for de ground, although man,\· of the leaders, most of whom were claring firrr.ly against thl• Japanese occupying the Philin prominent Chinese, were immediat<:!ly pblced under arrest pines the1~ Aged 6:5 ,\'ears at the time of his death, he upon the C'Htr,\· of the Japs in Manila. Nobody was spared, !'csided for three ,\·ears in the Philippines. Surviving him including Don Alfonso Z. Sycip, presid~nt of the Philip arc his wifr and fin• chil Compliments of: Compliments PLARIIlEL SURETY of AND INSURANCE COMPANY B 0 N D - Customs ·* Judicial * Contract * Fidelity Guarantee * Internal Revenue, etc. THE CATHAY. COMPANY INSURANCE - Fire ·» Accident * Mortgage Loans XARCI.SA HLDG. 109 PL.\ZA .STA. CIUTZ, '.\IAXJl.A Mr. ROMEO A. SANTOS I' resident Atty. H. R. DIMAGUIBA Vice-President. Gen. Manager Dra. ROSALINA G. HILARIO 316 Nueva St., Manila Sec.-Treasurer November 3G THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 47 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 011 April 1 i'l, 1942, or two clays before the murder oi there were those who ga\·c hecn·il.r to the cause. Some of the Consulate-General staff, many prominent Manila Chi those \Vho gave \\'ere arl'este 1 FB U___ Y PHILIPS RADIOS If You Do, 'I hen ... 0 1 1 EXCEPTIONAL QUALITY You Need FAITHFUL PERFORMANCE BARROrs CARBON HL.tST ! SUPERIOR RECEPTION 'That is guaranteed to Clean Your ENGINE of I PHILIPS ----11 CARBON DEPOSITS & GUMMY SUBSTANCES I RADIOS And SAVE 20%-3o"'c Gas Bills :\IODEL 68:i A Available at l De-Luxe 8 Band Radio, with • AUTO SUPPLY STORES disappearing dial, phonograph • GAS SERVICE STATIONS extra speaker t'.Onnection, excellenl tone. Di/:;tributed Exclusively by I MARVEX COMMERCIAL CO., INC. i THE HOUSE OF PHILIPS :Manila Office: Cebu Branch: 548 Quezon Blvd. 195 Plaridel St. l·-~~--~~--10-7~D-a-•m-•r_i_n•_·~-~·-~~---'(near lift bridge) Page 48 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 ,·otion to the ::ause of democracy and their determination tu crush .Tapanese militari~m and imperialism through their unu&t:al courage and bra\·er.r upon the arrival of __I the Americans in Luzon. And when the bloody, if not crucial battle i'or 2Hanila, particularly the liberation of lntramuros, came, they even preceded the regular troops !fO.U 'IJ,id R:n.ow. - of Gencra1 l\facArthm\ an act which cost them heavy WHY BRUSHIN(; c.:asualti<'s. Cited for their bravery and recognized fo1· their sen·iccs, the \\'AH-Chi guerrillas, in particular, ONE'S HAIR were know to ha\'e brought honor to the Chinese nationals in the Philippines who had fought side by side with the REGliLARLY fllipinos not only during the battle for liberation but also in the darkest days of the oc:!upation when the Japanese IS IMPORTANT troops gl'('W oppressive and cruel. Brushing cannot be overdone. It :;timulall's the Meal11 11nd help,; lo insure an adequate blood !'ll)Jpl~· for th<" bair roots. Brushini{ Stop That COUGH! release,; natural 11il1' which rnhance the hair'"' luster. and Coughs can grow into serious diseas J!Uards again.;t hriltll'ne"'s· es . stop them from the beginning. -YOUR HAIR IS OUR BUSINESS Dusgocyl 1.~ a P"fot Aknhol-~'fe. Aeth-e in- OUR OPERATORS ARE TRAINED TO al11c-, effrdil't'. cocilfo- 11ndi .. nls: Ethyl Mor . mi xy1:1ip ll'hich i11- phinl' H)·droehlorlde - UNDERSTAND IT! sta11t111 reli(•rr:s co11fdM 11.016~ .-rms. per oz. 1111d irrit11tfo11x of th,; i-:uphorbia Pilulilera. brn11d1ifll lrflt:f. 1'e1·11 Wild Ll'lluce. Coeilla· 1•co110111ict1I, A1·r1ifol,f,· llR S1111ill REALISTIC BEAUTY SALONS at 1.ll tl1·u.'J xfQres. Jo:: 133•J HHran " :;.32.;11 Philip;i~:ll't; Compliments Cornplirnc11t.~ of: o I Erlanger & Galinger, Im1. E.w·lusfre Distributol's of (ESTABLISHED-1939) ZEXITH HAll!ClS ); 4th Ave. }', Roxas GRACE PARK Tel. No. ·Dial 40- CALOOCAN, RIZAL 123 T. PINPIN )IANILA Aak for 248 November 30 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 49 HISTORY OF FORT SANTIAGO For more than 400 years and under the flags of five The American forces withdrew from the fort in March nations, Fort Santiago has occupied a prominent place in 19·19 when the lease from the Philippine Republic expired. the history of Manila. It is still one of the most interest The history of this spot began in 1480, when a strong ing spots in the city. In world history it has been to Ma· ly palisaded earthwork was built by the grandfather of nila what the Bastile was to oldtime France, the Tower v.~ Rajah Soliman, who appre:iated the strategic value of the London, and Morro Castle to Havana, and like all such position at the mouth of the Pasig River, capable of con famous fortresses it has been the subject of many weird trolling the shipping traffic of Manila Bay. and often terrifying tales of brutality and hatred. In May 1945, the fort was occupied by the United States Army Transportation Corps and was designated Complhnents of: - T.C. General Depot. This organization has cleared away_ the debris from the fort anrl has laid to rest with military honors hundreds of bodies of Filipinos which were found after their brutal massacre hr the Japanese. The walls RODRIGUEZ & SONS are being repaired and shrubf. and trees are being planted with the approval and cooperation of the Philippine Re Venetian Blind l\lanufacturers public iii an effort to reh~.lJilitate the area and hide the P. 0. Box 1939 scars of the war. OFFICE: •'ACTORY: 418 Elia~ St., Sta. Cruz Vancouve1 & Lantana The cell where Jose Rizal spent his last night before Manila Cubao, Quezon City his execution by the Spanish has been restored and a Cable Address: Tel. Nos. 6-74-25 Uodsons, :Manila 6-81-59 bronze tablet in his honor "rected on the walls of the cell. C'impliments of: Compliments of: FORTUNATO CONCEPCION Uy Su Bin & Co., Inc. INCORPORATED 2002-2020 Shaw Boulevard Pasig, Rizal Philippines ('ahh: .\ddre.o,;s: P. 0. Box lli08 20:l-207 Ho ... 11rio, Hino11d1, Forcon '.\lnniln, Philippi11l'S P. 0. BOX 221 '.\lanila. Philippilll'S Page 50 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 This crude fort with its 12 bronze cannons <'nabl<'d Soliman to rule and consolidate the fierce tribes until 1570, when an expedition from the Spanish settlement on the GOING MODERN IN FISHING I southern island of Cebu under the command of Martin de ~---=~.·~:-.::::....,~-- ...... _._~...... ,,...... _. __ ::=--::· - -··-..".- .... -~ Goiti and Juan de Salcedo, captured the fort and sackerl the city. Then on May 19, 1571, Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, first gO\·ernor-general of the Philippines, founded the city of Manila and work was begun to strengthen the walls of the fort. Santiago de Vera, the sixth governor-general, arrived in Ii>8,1 and realizing the need of far more stable protec tion, cleared the ground of all the original palisades and laid the first stones of the fort that bears his name. These stones 2re still in the walls. In 1762, sixtwn Briti~h warships with a force of nearly 7 ,000 mC'n sailed inb Manila Bay and laid siege to Fort Santiago. The Archbishop of Manila, as acting gov ernor, after a token defense surrendered the city to the. British admiral in Ootober of 1762. The British forces We have r.ow romplPlr stork or FISHING N r~·rs suilal,'e for SAPI,\O, IWAG, BASNIG, CHINC'HORIW. Fili11ino method of fish:r.R" sueh H pillaged the city and partially dismantled the fort during number.a 1-K, 3-K, 13-K extrn, ~-K. 2!1-K, 7-K nnd ~-H, 7-H, l(l.H, 11-H, 17-H. 29-1-1. The K nets nre lhP "Bnlngbnl!"" style of k..IU.in~ iheir rear and one-half of occupation. The natives had and the H nets are the "Pno3·011" at~·le of knottir.A'. We desire to aerve our Pre-wnr nn•l Pr.st-war eu.. ~<>meu with ow Hleeted quality of £ishin1t nets kn.wn to all lishrrml'n throuithout tlM Pbillpplne !!shins: grounds. Compliments of: - EPHRAIM GOCHANGCO Civil Engineer FELIPE LORENZANA SONS, INC. :UA~lLA OFFICJ.:: 480 .hmn l.;1n::, Ttl. l:.-8:-:,u VENANCIO F. LIM CEBU Bll,\NCll: Ski. N:ii;, B:t11: •. ~l:11::iL.;1nl:-. St.• Cebu .::;t,. Electrical Engineer 1944 Ex-PrisonE:r Fort Santiago WATCH FOR THESE L V N COMING Compliments PRODUCTIONS! LIFE THEATRE Opens Nov. 27 of "HEN. GREGORIO DEL PILAR" Sta !"I" in~ JOSE PADILLA, Jr. * TESSIE QUINTANA Directed by GREGORIO FERNA~DEZ ONG YET MUA JAIME DE LA ROSA * ROSA ROSAL PUGO ond TOGO "BIGLANG YAMAN" HARDWARE Co., Inc. Directed by JOE CLBIACO General Hardware Merchants CARMEN ROSALES * JAIME DE LA ROSA "BATALYON XIII" (LVN's 100'/, Color Production) Directed by llA:'\"UEL SILOS LEOPOLDO SALCEDO * CELIA FLOR ARMANDO GOYENA Telephone ;1--88-08 and all star cast in 147-151 Rosario Strt'et Manila, Philippines "FLORANTE AT LAURA" Directed by Technical Supervision by VICENTE SALU'.\IBIDES NE:\JESIO E. CAkAVANA November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 51 been so cruelly treated during this time that they had cupied the fort. Survivors of the treatment for political scattered to the interior and it was not until 1778 that prisoners at the fort by the Japanese are in the minority, sufficient laborers were induced to return and reconstruc as their fate was sealed before entering. tion began. On Mar I, 1898, Arlmiral Dewey destroyed the Span Months after the war had ceased, bodies were still ish fleet in Manila Ba.r and on August 13 of the same being remo\'ed from the rubble and debris of the once beau ,rear, the city of Manila and. the fort were peacefully sur tiful grounds. On November 30, 1946, National Heroes' rendered to the AMerican forces under General "'csll·~· Day, a national monument was erected inside the fort, Merritt. abO\'C the burial ground of some 700 unidentified bodies During the Americans the moat, which had complete of Filip!noc; who died as a result of Japanese treatment ly encircled the wal1s, was fil1ed and transformed into a in the fort. sunken garden, and trees and shrubs were planted and neatly trimmC'd. Many of the old cannons, roundshot and Compliment,; of: - other histori::al equipment were carefully preserved for their ornamental ,·alue. CHOAN HUAT COMPANY, INC. The Japanese flag was raised on~r Fort Santiago on Importer, Distributor, Manufacturer ManufoctuJ"ers' Representative Januar)· 3, 1942, and the military police along with the Merchandise Broker dreaded Kempei-tai, or secret police, quickly packed the I'. 0. Box No. 22i5 dungeoqs and cells soli KNOWN FOR QUALITY Complinumfx of: Auto Seat Covers & RAPID BROKERAGE UO., INC. CUSTOMS BROKER Fine Hats Tel. 2-95-55 PORTILLO'S '""''". '"""' '"'' ""''". "·""''"J :?:tll Da .. marina., .\fnniln. P. l. Page 52 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30 VOICE FROM THE GRAVE By CONRADO GAR. AGUSTIN This is the DC'ad spcak.ng. One of l he innumerabk· rades-in-Arms and in the Resistance. Dead that lie in unmarked graYes scattered through the You han~ done so much for the Cause and in the length and breadth of this fair land-in the blood-soaked realization of our cherished Freedom and yet so far you slopes of Bataan; in the jungle fastnesses of the Sierras; ha,·e receiYed so little or practica1ly nothing in return. It in the rugged, thorny trails of the North; in the swampy, breaks our peace to sec you neglected so. But it makes us thick-foliaged heart of the far South. still sa Union Express Brokerage, Inc. GRAY CUSTOMS BROKERS & FORWARDING AGENTS MAGIC Limjuco Bldg., fi70 Da: In l\lun.ila: Oil CALL US DIRECT' Alll•:IUCAN HAUDW.\lli-: CAJ\lfo:llA F.Xf'llANGI:: 1"1-:0J•:llAT. El!Ull'l\ll~NT CO. Marsman &Co., Inc. JI. J.:, H~ACOCK CO. .J. P ..JU.\N & CO. Sta. Lucio & Ando, l11tromuros, Manila PHll.ll'l'INI•: IWUC.\TION CO. Tel. 2-79-31 CEBU • llA\"AO • llACOLOl1 FILK\IOX A8UXCIOX A~ ASTACIO SEVILLA Customs Broker Customs Broker In the Pro,·incei;: ------Pres. Manager A;;;;t. :Manager Res. 7l Minerm He!<. 94 P. M. S:intoi: G. B. J. REPAIR SHOP, Baguio San MiJ..,'1.lel, Manila l'a;;ar, Hiz:il AUHOHA BAZAAH, Tacloban, Leyte ALL l'RATUA STORES November 30 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 53 heads among us-there is really no reason wh,· YOU can not fight through and win against the spectre of despair Compliment:-: of: that constantly haunt you-the disappointment over unful filled promises and the indifference of your fellov;men. Be thankful that you are alive with the ohances of making good in the future while we rot and remain in our gra\'es -unknown and forgotten. You need not walk dejectedly alonr: :'-·our lonely way with your head hanging low, like a beaten, miserable crea ture-always looking for something that cannot be found by wishful thinking. Bra::e up, man. You can cifford to lose a war for there is always a chance of fighting anew but you must not take the risk of losing your self-respect: and dig Torrefiel Transportation Inc. nity. Think of yourself as a man first and last and as a soldier always-fighting an uphil1 battle in your life and Customs Broker-Forwarding Agent never saying die! It is unfortunate that many of you lost you 1• arms, & Transportation Contractor your legs, your sights which make it difficult for you to shift for yourselves-so it is with our families who re lied upon us as their sole support and protection. Now t"hat we are gone, they are left out in the cold-helplessly struggling for their very existence. Yet, we, the Dead, brook no reproach to those who let us down-knowing that what man cannot give, God will Office: Pacifico P. Torrefiel provide and God's Justice will triumph in the end. R-401 Madtima Bldg. Pretiident Keep up the good old spirit. Do riot fail us in our Tel. No. 2-76-69 Liceni:;ed Customi:; Broker trust and faith in you. Good Luck and Farewcli ... ! The last time we were together, we did not have the chance to say good-bye-Death was too quiok for that. Comvlinienf.-: of: Compliments of IPEKDJIAN MERCHANDISING UNITED WAREHOUSING COMPANY CORPORATION Operators: Manila, P. I. (a) Bonded Warehouse (b) Forwarding (c) Trucking (e) Export - Import (d) General l\lerchandises OFFICE• WAREHOUSE• * Room 301 DUH Bldg. Comer Chicago & 'l'l'I. :!-i·l·-·1-fi 454 Sueva St., l\lanila 23rd St., Port Area Tel, 2-80-37 Tel. 2-60-50 Page 54 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 Biographical Sketches of the War Claims Commissioners MRS. GEORGIA LUSK designed to develop additional revenue for the public schools, in 1941-1942. The War Claims Commission's only woman member is Mrs. When the United States declared war on Ge.rmany, the three Georgia Lusk, former U. S. Representative to Congress from New Lusk boys enlisted in the Air Force. All were commissioned. Cap Mexico. tain Virgil Lusk was killed in 194:! in the North African Campaign. Born in Carlsbad, not far from thf' famous caverns, she was His brothers returned safely and today Dolph, Jr. is a bankeJ• and one of four children of George W. and Mary Gilreath Witt. Her rancher, while Eugene is -an attorney in Carlsbad. father, an architect, contractor and rancher, had moved to New Mexico from Missouri prior to Georgia's birth. It was during the war-time absence of her sons that Mrs. Lusk The youngster grew up on her father's ranch; learned to ride again turned to her first love-the public schools. She again serv almost as soon as she could walk. She. attended the local public ed four years as State Superintendent. At the same time, o;;he schouls, the State Teachers College, Silver City, and the Colorado 1nanaged her own cattle ranch near Carlsbad and otheJ• ranch pro State Teachers College, Greeley, taking a. post-graduate course at perties. the latter. In 1946, Mr:~. Lusk ran for, and was elected, to Congress from Her first teacl1ing jcib-at. 19--was in one of the rural schools the State-at-Large (they have no Congressional Districts in N~w near Carlsbad. She not only taught the lower grades but the ju Mexico) and for the next two years served in th~ House of H.e nior and senior high srhool subjects as well. Her marriage to Dolph p~·esentative.!>. Duling thi:; time,· she was a member of the Vete Lusk, New Mexican c~ttleman and banker, temp1•rarily ended her r-an's Affairs Committee, a por.t which awakened her interest in le teaching career. gislation for special needs of veterans, She also introduced legis The Lusks had three sons, Virgil, Dolph, Jr. and Eugene. Mr. lation to provide for a 100 percent disability for all ~ri;,oners of Lusk died at the age of 37 leaving his young widow to bring up ,Var of the Japanese over a ten-year period with special provisi')ns their three boys. It was only after she had been driving them for periodical medical examinations. Not only has she been part daily from their ranch to school that Mrs. Lu! For Precision Claxxificaffon: Compliments * TEXTILES * MACHINERY of * FOOD STUFF * DRUGS Insular Brokerage Co., Inc. * MISCELLANEOUS CUSTOMS BROKER J. DE VERA BROKERAGE Tuason Realty Bldg. E~c·olta, Manil;t (COR XEll SAX VICEXTE l P. 0. BOX fH·O Residence: :Juuri. de V..Ma TEL. 6-64-08 1:1 • Xl'E\'.\ ~TllEET ~l.\XJL\, P. I. CUSTOMS BllOKER 40 PACO ROMAN TEL. :!-!J.1-:rn n:L. 2-87-18 STA. ANA, MANILA November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 5~ Peppa in Retrospect (Co11ti11111·d fro111 /J(/./.!f' .1.3) session. But in the words of the author and the Philip· Compliments pines' able and influential Ambassador Elizalde, the intro 1 du::tion of the bill was a signal achicYcmcnt in itself. It might also be mentioned that the organization ha.s sponsored patriotic mon~ments in line with its polky to of keep the fires of democrnc,\· foreYcr burning. One suc:h movement was the campaign last year to bo,rcott Japancs( goods coming to the Philippines, this in spite of som ..: go\·ernment officials' insistence to allow the entry of ('heap goods manufactured b.r the same hands that torturer'! and PHILIPPINE ENGINEERING sent to death countless Filipinos. The mon~ was the first of its kind launched after the war. In a c:ircu!a:· to its members, the PEPPA urged ::omplete boycott of Jap goods, asserting that every ccnh1\·o sent to Japan through CORPORATION the purchase of her goods would contribute to the recmi struction of a more powerful nation that might again Industrial Machinery Distributors subject the Philippines and other peace-loving countric.:: to ruthless domination. 936 Raon, Quiapo However the first signal accomplishment of the as sociation came shortly after its organization in 1946. Ear Manila ly in NO\·ember of that year, its executive secretary 1·c quested Major General George F. Moore, then command- Cebu • Iloilo • Cotabato • Davao Compliments of CHAM SAMCO & SONS, INC. 300-308 STO. CRISTO 111",3116", llA" ond in .a•,. l'di1R~n1iort. r-----IMany beautiful finish effects can be obtained- MANILA, PHILIPPINES with CHAPCO. Tougher-yet easily workable with wood hand tc.)ls, Tel. 2-81-72 & 2-81-76 lheremode1.. • .. hoicei• CHAPCO BOARD Exclusii·~ Distributors PACIFIC EXCHANGE CORPORATION Y1.11i1·0 Builclhur. Dasmarina1 St •• Manila Tel. 2·66-38 UltANCHJo:S: :Sew York - San Francisco - Tokyo Page 56 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30 ing general of AF\VESP AC, to declare an open house at Fort Santiago to enable the members, the families and Cornpl-hnenfH of: friends of those who were tortured and killed there as well as the general public a chance to visit this histori~ area. The request was granted despite the fact that th€ fort was at that time still a restricted military area. HUA TONG TRADING (Head Office) The open house was held to coincide with National 900-11 ,Jahuncros St. Heroes Day, November 30. On that day the PEPPA mem Tri. 2-1rn-:1s bers honored their dead comrades with a special mass ~lanila offering at the Sta. Cruz church. The late Mrs. Aurora - BRANCHES - Aragon Quezon, widow of the beloved Philippine Pre!) 469 Nueva St. 224 Santo Cristo St. ident, was guest of honor, and the then Vice-President El Tel, 2-64-07 Tel. 2-63-08 pidio Quirino as principal speaker. Among those who:sie memories were honored during the occasion were the late Justice Jose Abad Santos, \Venceslao ·Q. Vinzons, Generals Lim, Segundo and de Jesus, Colonels Nakar, Baja and Ramirez, Juan Elizalde, Ramon de Santos, the Escoda couple, Antonio Bautista, Consul General Claren:e Kwang~ Filipinas Brokerage son Young, Jose Araneta, Liling Roces, General Guy 0. Fort, Col. Charles Thorpe, Col. Hugh Straughm, Capt. (L R. DE .JESUS &: CO.) Joseph Barker, and many others. 321 Nueva, Manila At the special program which was a feature of the Atty. FELIXBERTO CAPATI FELICIANO U. GUTD:RREZ Fort Santiago open house, Mrs. Trinidad de Leon-Roxas, Customs Broker Office Manager wife of the then President Roxas, delivered a touching tribute to the war dead. Said she in part: LEONOR R. DE JESUS Secretary-Treasurer "Most of the greatness that Fort Santiago has wit Tel. 2-85-01 nessed now lies buried in its dust. The heroic defiance -- -· Compliments of: Compliments TAN LIAO of Importers, Wholesalers, Contractors Importers of EGGS, FLOUR, FRUITS, Etc. 106-112 Gunao St., Quiapo, Manila CHAVES, SALINAS & CO. Customs Broker & Compliments of: Forwarding Agent Maximo Barrios Inc. CUSTCHIS BROKERS AND FOllWAllDING AGENTS VE:SU8TIUAN"O CHAVES R-20:i Roxas Bldg. Manager 491 Dasma1iiias 141 ROSARIO TEL. 2·67-77 Tel. 2-63-27 2ND FLOOR l\olANILA November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 57 against oppression, the steadfast devotion to the cause of liberty, the brave submission to brutality, most of it i& ~·et unwritten. "Our liberation had been complete. \Vith the death of a city has come the death of the oppression for which Fort Santiago stood. \\'ith the resunection of our coun try must be linked the memory of patriotism that is linkt~d with Fort Santiago. \\'ith the coming back to I:fe of free SERVING THE NATION'S INDUSTRY dom must come to life the heroism that caused such ~rue] death, so a country may live." COMPLETE SALES & ENGINEERING SERVICE \Yith that first National Heroes Day program under the auspices of the PEPP A, a ycal'i)· pilgrimage to Fmt e EXGIXEEIUXG & '.\llLL SUPPLIES Sa~tiago b.r the members was inaugurated. In the 1947 e :\IACHIXJi;RY & ELECTRIC J.:Q(TIP'.\IEXT ceremonies the organization had as· guest of honor th~ e \\ ESTIXGllO(IS1': m~E\" ATOHS, then Sccre~ary of the Interior Jose C. Zulueta. Among AIR COXDITIOXIXG SYSTE'.\IS, those who took part in th~ program were Col. Rillo, R(''\'. IXI>USTHIAL 1'~QlTIP'.\11';XT Fr. \Villiam Masterson, Atty. Leonardo G. Marquez, Col e DPXLOI' TlltF!S Alejandro T. Santos, PEPPA Vice President Asuncion A. Perez, Minister Chen Chih-ping, Mrs. Rar~::.un Ee ilJ.enn & §nu's MEN'S APPAREL ART South Seo Surety & Insurance (The ROTC's Sartorial Artists) OUR SPECIALTIES: U~IFOIU\IS: For ROTC Cadets, Gala, Interns, Etc. We Co., Inc. carry complete lines on all UOTC Patches and Insignias. CIYILIAX: Suits for the most fastidious. We accept or ·115 ~l1u·lll' dl' Binuntln. :\I1111iln ders for Slacks, Shirts, lfa.rong Tagalog, with wi IMPEDANCE EQUIPMENT Co. Complim«nts of: SPECIAI.IZE IX: Molor & <:cnl'"rnh r lltowindi111: & ln~tall;1tio11 F.ledrical De•;cc11 & All Kbid11 of Medical Electnmic: A11paratu1q All Marine TrOllhle UY ENG KUI HARDWARE '.\IA~lTFACTUJU:'l presel'\·e the ideals for which Rizal, Lopez Jaena, Eoni~'aC':f'. of ten dollars a day for each day of impri.somnenr ~o ::~JI Mabini, Quezon and others died," the Secretary said. citizens of the United States incarcerated by the .Japane:A Last year's program on the same occasion was featun.:\I in the Philippines. Mr. Puyat's contacts in \\'ashingtmi h.r a memorial address by Minister Thomas H. Lo"ket~. Compliments of: Compliment.• of: United Market & Cold Stores CHAMPION \1e11utir111 lili11rl 11 /fo .. ( o. 15 Plaza Goiti Tel. 3-22~ 11 9 BUEXOS AIRES PANCITERIA WA NAM STA. l!ESA 'fELS. '. 6-78-19 :\IANILA, PHIUPPl:SEH 6-77-60 948 011g11in St., :uanila Tel. 2-81-23 ComplimenfH of: F. D. ROOSEVELT MEMORIAL ~: :;=URE---1 COLLEGE BY 1 rn:n-rn:rn Hilr.al .\nmh-. ~lanila a II d !i ARTE ESPANOL 1 NOVALICHES ACADEMY Manufacturer of STEEL WINDOWS, DOOR.S, I Xm·nlic•ht•s, Qm·znn City !' Gl:ILLS FURNITURES & FIXTURES I JOSE SANSO PEDRET 2655 Her.an-Sia. Ana I .\lanufacturer Tel. 6-63-43 :\Ir. l\IA:\!RRTO ~- ::\llRA~DA, I~xecutin• Orficer l Display Room 145 Isaac Peral ------~~--~~~-- November 3U THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 59 WHEN WE "WON" By LUIS M. ENRIQUEZ E haci "won" the war before the end of 1942 ! The months thl'Y will bend their knees before American might." W Philippines had been regained after ::l. few months of Meanwhile, we relaxed in our nightly ,·igils oYer home and furious American counter-offensive, that i!;, by the grace fireside and in keeping up with the regimen of economy of that rumor purveyor, that source of information which in food. I guess many a man, particularly if he was a deluded ci\·ilians and sent them s~urryin!J away to the hills volunteer guard, who had hearci the news of the ar1ival of for safety when the.r should ha,·e been better at home, American aid, woke up his family that night to tell them or breathed a sense of security into them in the midst of of the glad. tidings. "Come on," he muat have said, "cook extreme danger-"Radio Puwak,'' variously called "Radio as muc:h rice as you want-and no lur1aw for me-and Cachero," which e\'er.rone who went through the hellish four years of J apam•se occupation know:.;. Early in January, 19·12, news was spread all over this region that se\·ent.r American cruisers had arrived in Phil Compliments ippine waters, convo;ring several aircrnft carriers with thousands of fighting planes and hundreds of flying for of tresses. 'Vho could doubt the authenticity of the news'? "A prominent optometrist of the locality had heard it from a well-known lawyer, who in turn had gotten it directly from th-. captain of the ship that had reached Capiz port AGUINAl1DU'S Et~llAGUE, Ut~. after eluding the wrdon of enemy submarines between Ma nila and the Visayas. Yes, the aid for which people had prayed, had come. Manila, Philippines The joy of the people knew no bounds. They told one another, "'Vhere will the Japs go now? In a few Compliments of ATOK BIG WEDGE MINING CO., INC. THE SHELL CO. OF P.I. LTD. Manila, Philippines MANILA * CEBI! * ILOILO * DAVAO Page 60 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 take out all the salted pork. \Var will soon be over just blame them? It was painful to accept the fact of war. as I told you." It was hard to believe that American might had taken a During the first few days of war it was hard for ·licking and that Japan was that strong. Even after the people to learn the lessons taught by false alarm, for at fall of Bataan-it dazed us to hear the bitter truth-we noon on De::ember 18 of 'i:hat fateful year an echelon of still hoped Corregidor to hold on much longer until Amer J'iJ'ty-four planes flew over Panay skies, first northward ica could send the much-talked-of reinforcements which and then southward a few minutes later. People left their would completely overwhelm the enemy and liberate the dining tables to look up and cheer, "Here they come Philippine.-> in a glorious spurt of unpr'2cedented might. Ameri:;an planes!" Vile remember that the second time After the fall of Corregidor we found citizens dicus the squadron passed over, one plane separated from the sing the situation. The realists-we refrain from calling rest, flew low, and dropped two "eggs," barely missing the them defeatists-believed that all the USAFFE could do long concrete· bridge which is the pride of the region. We was to organize a guerrilla, the last resort of a defeated learned later that the squadron had bombed Iloilo city, set army. The war would then drag on for years-maybe, fire to fuel installations, and machinegunned scores of ten years or more. Ten years of war when ten weeks of civilians. · it was too much for us to bear! Incorri~ible optimists, on Our people clung tenaciously to hope and who could the other hand, analyzed the situation thus: Those were winter months. The flying fortresses could not fly over :"\EW \'..HITE HOUSE Hotel 8:. Restaurant Japan. \Vait until June and we would know of American 137 M. H. DEL PILAR AT A. 1''LORES bombers swarming over enemy cities like innumerable bats. Ah Chan TEL. 3·:!5-63 MANAGER El~MITA, MANILA The famous Doolittle raid on the island empire came I later. I heard the news from a guerrilla captain who said Manufacturers o( that the number of planes shot down was enormcus. I had VESETIAN BLINDS & WOODF.N CURTAINS read somewhere that a casualty of more than ten per cent Cabrera Ii Co. Bamboo Curtain OFFlCE: SHOP: of Planes shot down in a raid is considered big. 957 Bilibid Viejo, Quiapo, llH C:1»!~1no!I ~orne1· Manririue, Manila s,,mpa\or, Manila People intently wat:::hed the skies and shores for any hope of American aid. Any strange or unfamiliar sight gave rise to conjectures. A few Weeks after the outbreak I of war, an American officer from a nearby cadre came lli.T,.i_:111••:.,.•""•1 and Art Glass :'llanufacturers to a shore town to verify the rumor that a ~ubmarine peris II 943 Haon, Manila cope had been seen in the vicinity. He trained his spy- CENTRO ESGOLAR UNIVERSITY PCCBA 1949-1950 counm~s OFFERED: the UNIVERSITY that* lS* to *he .... * .,._-----Semestral System,-----~ GRADlJATE COURSES LIBERAL ARTS Offers Courses in the Colleges of !\lash,~r of Arts Pre-Nursing l\Isster of Science in Pre-Law Pharmacy Pre-l\Iedicine COMMERCE-A.B.A., B.B.A. !\faster of Science in General Social Work COMMERCIAL and LIBERAL ARTS-A.A., A.B. PHARMACY SECRETARIAL COURSE DENTISTRY SOC I ft L WORK EDUCATION-E.T.C., B.S.E., B.S. in Com. OPTOl\IETRY FINE ARTS & Education DENTISTRY-D.D.S. Quarterly System: ~~o~~~~~.~r~~~.~~Teacher'9 Certificate, Artist's ~~s~:~'"j Dip· Normal • Home Economics • Edu- PHARMACY-B.S. in Pharmacy Joma, Musie Teacher'a Diploma, catio11 Social Work and Associate in Musie or "Normal Graduate Counes There are also courses in Music Teaehcr's Diploma," Ba· chelor of Music in the Graduate School-M,A, in Acctg. Pianoforte Composition Voin CWturc Conducting Saturday Classes the Secretarial School-Dip. in Sec, Science, Violin, Viola ur Violoncello Normal - Home Economic$ • Edu. (and other major subjects in catian Soda! Work and A.B.A. demand) Graduate Courses the High School-(Academic & Vocational) l{inderg1irten . Elementary . -Department of Socio! Work- F. DALUPAN Secondary l\foming Session Bachelor of Science in Social Work for holders of Bachelor President Girls' High School - After 1 noon Session . Boys' High degrees. Social work as Ma School jor, Minor or Electives in WATCH FOR the Opening of this NEW the Colleges of · Education Home Arts and Vocational and Liberal Arts, and l\las UNIVERSITY! School I ter of Science in Social AZCARRAGA, MANILA Ballet Dancing Classes Work. . Page 61 \\'iol~w<'d. oq1han<'d a nd o lh<'r".-ist' glass on the horizon and waited with bated breath when he l1Hdt by lhc Ja11ancsc, a lul!'e i: ro u11 or 11co11k co111t"r<'l!'<1 tc1I in frnnl 11f tbc saw an . objec:t protruding from the w:ttcr. He did not urnss l!'rlln a t t'ort S11111i111!'" 11 11 l\'o know that fishermen were laughing behind his back, for ,.,.mbtr 30, I'~" lo r<'•'rr<' lh<' mt'mon what he saw was the point of a stake fol' a fish co rral. .. r their bdond dud. At another time shortl.\· after, a long line of fighting ships was reported sighted off Point Pucio on the north western tip of Panay. \Ye were assured that they were Compliments uf: READ! & Sl'RSl'HIRE TO CHINA BANKING CORPORATION THE Phili1JJ1ines :\l.\IL The leadinjt' Fili11ino fort nightly news 11a1•er 1rnhlish· China Bank Building eel 111 lhe l 'nited S tates. ('onH'r l)as 111a1·i11a ...; & ,Juan l.1111a .\lau ila, Philippines Where you may read about the activities of your countrymen far from home...... ,.. ,,.,.y •• Hs only in lhe )l:\11, where ,e~~e~~':'.~~~\fler a ft•w monlh s ~~~!!sludy yo u can?~ :- tart 01•eratin~"~.~=1· your own you may read about them. s hu11 or e:-tablish your business ri.l(ht in your hou};e. Enroll in lh·e Leading and Famous Only 20 11esos a year. Write DE LUXE FASHION SCHOOL I to :\Ir. DEi.FL\' F. C' HllZ, The alma-mater of sU('('essful fashion instnu.~trl'~ •...,es, dire('- Editor-Publisher tresst'l'i, dressmakers, heaulicians, master tailors, etc. They are our living t estimonies. Courses Offered: I>re s.<; making, t Hair Science, Embroidery, :\l:!n's T;tiloring, Auto :\lechanic & 'l'hl" Phili11pi11 es :\I.AIL Diesel :\l echanic, Enroll a1 ils t' Oll('rC!.lt• 4-slory bldg., l'arriedu corner lhzal An ., entrance 221 Eslero Ce1o;:ado ('Orner Hizal 6-1;) Fremont, Salinas, Ave. ~· ith eh.•,·ator service. )Jail this COll(lOll to DLFS and receive religious fan. (;radu:iles old and new (' American ships because of their size and color. A request from many quarters. Jt is true that the newssheets played for confirm&tion was sent to an airplane landing near the up favorable news for all it was worth, and played d0'\\"11. point where the ships were seen. Responsible officials m· suppressed discouraging items. But they did so un waited in Yain for a reply, but meanwhile the news gained der the time-honored practice in journalism that it is up wide circulation and gaYc rise to an orgy of hopefulness. to anybody to treat news in his own way as will serve the After this incident and others of like nature, local best interests of his readers. wags coined a word which stood for frustrated hope: batel \Vhat dire sense of defeatism would have been engen ,-;hip, a bated being a native sailboat that plied between ,Jered in the hearts of the people had they exactly known shore towns. Two men came to blows when one seriously .America's extreme \"ulnerability and state of unreadiness? insisted that ht" had seen many halclsh:ips and cou1rl What calamity of morale the people would have suffered prove it. had they understood the truth that Bataan was hanging M:rny things were also si11hted. American planes by a flimsy thread even as Radio Philipr>ines blared forth were sighted now and then. Sighted, too, was the addi the exploits of .Jose Calugas and repeated [he cry "Remem tional advance pay for go\·ernment empkyees and teach ber Erlinda!"? The little newssheets, many of which were ers. \Ve sighted just around the con1e1· days of normal published under very trying conditions, did their part in living with three square meals a day and the full enjoy the war effort. ment of RooseYelt's "four freedoms." Our mimeographed daily newssheet, Kalibo Wa1· Bu/. To us in the provinces during the c>arl.r days of the ll'lin, was started a few days after December 8, 1941, with war every American we saw was a symbol of eventual lib-· ten-centavo contributions from friends. Later on, we were cration of the Philippines, more so if he was an army man. swamped with donations including mimeograph inks, One day two bedraggled Americans came by batel. One stencils, paper, and petroleum for light3; a mimeograph was a nath"e of New Jersey and the other of California as 1na:.:hine and all radio sets that still worked were placed we learned from them. We pelted them with questions at our di~posal. about eaJ.·1.r Ameri:an aid and they assured us that as far The office of publication stayed up until late at night as they knew it would be coming in a few months. The and it became the meeting-place of those who cared for daily mimeographed newssheet which we were then pub news and wanted to discuss it. The news that Quezon had lishing had made a little money, so we played host to the left the Philippines for Australia divided the staff into two Americans at breakfast. \Ve served them cr;ffee with camps, on., condemning his flight and the other justifying cream, fruit, bread, rice, and steak-snJ'ely a fare fit for it. The question almost snuffed out the life of the publica- a king that time. Their Jast words to ns when they left (Ccmtin11e,1 011. page 74) us for Iloilo that morning were, "See you in Manila in a couple of months. Don't forget to drnp in at head quarters." At another time, after the sinking of the "Legaspi" off Mindoro early in the war, seven American survivors came to town. They still had their Enfield rifles with Pedro Cruz t~em. Tall fellows. I attached myself to one and pumped /u1n•ln1 ~lorr him dry of war news. Yes, the Americans would stage a counter-offensive in a few months and the war would not last beyond 1942. It is of common knowledge that newssheets, mimeo graphed or printed, were published in many places over the isl~nds during the occupation. The island of Panay had :t l ~ Carril-do qmte a number. Their chief" function was to bolster the )l:rniln morale of the inhabitants and :ounteract false propaganda ADUING - MACHINES STATIONERIES Gret•tin{J:-1 to our FrienrlH rind Pafl'onN! TYPEWRITERS PRINTERS FILING CABINETS PAPERS CHECK WRITERS DRY SEALS CALCULATORS RUBBER STAMPS A. 0. CARBUNGCO'S CARD CABINETS STORAGE CABINETS "MOSLER" SAFE & T. W. RIBBONS & OTHER OFFICE OTHER OFFICE RESTAURANT & CATERER EQUIPMENTS SCHOOL SUPPLIES 'Ve fi'Cl'\•c to satish- "rith our dcliciou~ food .Ji() IE,. .I T 124[)II ~ 1(7 'Ve enter within city limits 133 PLAZA STA. CRUZ A. O. CARBUNGCO 822 Lepanto l\.lanaaer l\lanila TEL. 3-21-71 November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 63 Biographical Sketches ... As a ~enior attorney in the Office of Legi: llAIX Ot'l'ICE•• - HRA'."\CHES: •- 522 Constancia 986 Jo;spai'i:i cor, Metrica Sampaloc, Manila 147!1 Dapitan COi'. Sisa CLAVECILLA RADIO SYSTEM Tel. 6-64-30 Tel. 6-73-:n ltadiu-'felegraph Communications 70 Sta. MC'sr Bh·d. Chamber of Commerce of the Philip;1il1es llldg. Tel. 6-61-4:-s Magalhmes Drive, Mn11ila, Philippines yea!!for I//I famous / for I I f WOOD & RAT1'Al.'\ •TRXl1't:nE e l DOORS AN'I> Wll.'\DOWS • PAHQPE1' 1''LOORS l<'LOORIXG & PA:SELl:SG e I :\llLLWORK e Bt:ILDIN'G COXSTRIT TION e HOWLING ALLEYS AND AC I CESSORIES, INSTALLATIO:S AND SEH I VICIN'G e BARBER & Rl!:At:TY !>AR I.OR CHAIRS e l:SVALID (;HAIRS e I DENTAi, CHAIRS e STEEi. BEDS e I 1.'DIBER CO:SCESSIO:S AND SAW:.\111.1, I I _ _ . • llJ~.. 0 1 manufacturers· contractors ~ .. interior decorators · importers . ·"~:nu._ . ~. .------~-- and exporters 190 RODRIGUEZ ARIAS, SAN MIGUF.T. e ~~~~~~~--~~~~~~~~~- TEI.. 3-26-911 Page 64 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 by putting in 48 hours weekly as night electrician and radio con trol towe?' operator at the Chicag•> Municipal Airport had a lot to d•l with hi,; being able tn instruct in thMe strictly non-legal ;11JU jects. Just as his legislative experience in the Veterans' Adminis tration tied i•1 with his prehent responsibilities, so did his ten years ALTO SURETY of ah'p('lt experieHce fit in with this first Air Force assignm<;!nt. He has been a member FOR: SAFETY, ECONOMY COMFORT & DEPENDABILITY PATRONIZE THE MANILA RAILROAD SERVICES The People's Own Transpo1·tation System ls Sntitled To A Fafr Sha1"e Of Traffic CENTRAL OFFICE: 94:J Azca1TuJrn, Manila TC":\. 2-!18-51 - 2-~lh-52 -· 2-!l8-5a JOSE H. LIB(l:\'AO SERGIO RAYA:\' JACl:\'1'0 BAlTTIHTA S1111t. 01 Tr11.n111•ortation Go:ul'•r.I lnnmuro:r TrRffir l\.lanalt'o:r ·rrl. 2·Mll·l8 To:I, 2·6d-.ii 1"··1.2-7!1-02 November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page fo nbility. Th<'n follo\\"c_•d two as~ignmenli; at the AAF l'ersonuel Dis tl"ibution Command at Atlantic Citr, New Jerse~·. The fii-st of these wa:; ns As:-:h=t:mt Chief of the Phms Office, the st!cnnd a~ Chief of the Hedeplo~:ment Branch. Both of these jobs had to do with planning and carrying out the progrnm of transfe1Ting Air Forces units from the European Theater to the Pacific. Commissioner Cleary il'I a member of the American Legion, "fo NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT thmal Cathedrnl f'<•st !So. 10, Washington, 0. C., Di~nbled An11•r• ican Veteram1, Bethei;da-Che\·y Chmie Chapter No. 111, Americm Vf'terans Committee, Washington Chapter No. 1. (Cm1ti1111ed 011 pa ye. 1,·9) COMPANY Complimenh; of: Pureza, Sta. Me.~fl, Maniia FORMILLEZA & TEOTICO ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW Hoom ;!IO Cnh·o Jluiltlinir Go Es Cotton Textiles and Yarn Ora. Tomasa F. Halili Men, Women & Childr~n's Shoes as well as leather and shoe materials Central Hotel - Room No. 205-206 Hours: 9-12 A.M. - :!-G P.!\'l. Machinery & Tractor spare parts To hasten the rehabilitation and development of our national economy - WE ALLOCATE AND DISTRIBUTE Reparation Tools (lathes, milling machine._ drills, shapers, presses, etc.) In line with the policy of the Government to encourage participation of private i.:apital in the country's e::onomic:: development - * NUTRITIONISTS" CHOICF. ... becausl! BFAR BRAND MILK l!Olnl'S to you with 1111 WE.ENTERTAIN OFFERS TO BUY ih Q&lural Jl"OOdneu sealed in. Nothing added noth ina: t11l.e11 away. ENTIRE PLANTS. Marl'• OSO BEAR Agusan Sawmill Machines Batangas Finishing Mill BRAND Pulp and Paper Plant ( Mandaluyong) Insular Sugar Refining Corp. (Mandaluyong) cf~ Can Making Plant ( Pureza Compound) Madridejos Cannery (Cebu) F. K ZUELLIG, IXC. c1mu MAllrilLA ilAVAO Page 66 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 WHArl, P. I. CHINESE DID FOR DEMOCRACY AND FRE~DOM By VICENTE L. DEL FIERRO Editor, "The Star Repm·ter" \\"ritten Exclusi,·ely for the MANILA GUARDIAN Thcl'c is perhaps no foreign group in the Philippines, If a true and comprehensive story of the resistanct that has helpl•d more immensely the Allied cause in the: to totalital'ian aggression in the Phi1ippines is ever writ .Philippines in the last war than the Chiner.c who, lon,g ten in the future, that nanative can not be complete with· before the Japanese dastardlr attacked Pearl Harbor prc out a chapter or two de\·oted to the heroic role of he Chi· c:ipitaling th.c Pacific: \\'ar, had carried on an unrclentin~ nese in the Phi1ippines who not only gave their lives, but psy::hologic:al warfare through their newspapers in Manila. also their fortunes, to democracy, the Allied cause, and tc against the sinister designs of Japanese dream of world l":.uman dignity and freedom. hegemony. It is a part that is spontaneous and without doubt. something that does credit both to the great nation that they represent, and the sublime ideal of democracy and the brothel'hoorl that united the Filipino and the Chines( in this country under the Iron heel of the Japanese in· vaders. compliments of The Chinese in the Philippines had warned of th£ peril to the rest of Asia of the Japanese dream of \Vork hegemony spearheaded by the now historic China Incident which galvanized the people of old Cathay and solidified them in a determined effort to drive away the puny bar barians of Nippon. The Chinese, through their civic asso:iations and their newspapers in the Islands, expressed their indignation against the invasion of their motherland by the Japanese, PHILIPPINE TRUST COMPANY b.r boycotting Japanese goods in the Philippines anC PLAZA GOITI CALL US FOR MANILA Free Estimates on Installations of: A:-;phalt Tile H.uhher Tile Cork Tile Linoleum :\Tastipare Ceramic Tile Formica Greetings frnm Pala·o \\"dcl Rooiing \Vat<'r proofing" DY HUANCHAY Political Prisoner of Fort Santiago and CAMPOS RUEDA & SONS, INC. Muntinlupa prisons Addre11s: Phone: 832 San Fernando, Binondo 425 Juan Luna 2-70-97 Manila, Philippines November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 67 throughout all Asia. has survived through the prewar ,\·ears, wartime, and the Their campaign against Japanese goods was so ef Liberation. fective that at the outbreak of the war, there was hardly In fact, we were pm-t and parcel of the English edi· a Chinese tienda in the Philippines handling Nipponesf tion before the war, then of the \Vorld Telegraph with products. It told heavily on the Japanese economic ascen Mok and Lim Sian Tck. And even up to this day. dancy in the Philippines. The anti-Japane~e feeEn~ among the Chinese, in fact, The plight of the Chinese in their homeland, mean· was much stronger in the hea1;ts cf the Chinese than hi whi1e, under the heel of the Co-prosperity conspirators, the hearts of the Filipinos prior to the outbreak of thE was brought home to the Chinese residents in the Philip Pacific \Var. And this feeling was deeply intrenched be pines by their newspapers, and to the cosmopolitan com cause of the psychological warfare under the leadership of munity as a whole through the English edition of the Foo· Consul General C. Kuangson Young and Consul K. Y. Mok. kien Times, and later, the World Telegraph, a daily pub In fact, long before the sneak attack on Pearl Har· lished by the ·combined efforts of leading Chinese commer bor, both the Chinese Consulate General and the Japan cial houses through the Chinese Consulate General, with · ese Consulate General in the Philippines were already car the late Consul General C. Kuangson Young as the publish- rying on an underground as well as open economic war· er and Consul K. Y. Mok, as the editor. fare, to the uneasy nc~1'.:·ality of Mr. Quezon's Common \Ve had first hand knowledge of ell these facts be wealth government, wh :ch had to put up an official front cauge ,of our connc:tion w:th ~he Fookicl' Times, which of :omplete aloofness on the deadly situation, going even to the extent of warning both sides that the Philippines is a friendly country to both. Thus, when suddenly, the Chinese and the Filipinc l't>'l'ITATION to .. people found themselves Allies following the attack on Pearl Harbor, a link was forged between the two peoples ENJOYl\IENT * RELAXATION that was to flower into a loyal ccmradship in arms and in misery throughout those dark, tragic days. * GRACEFUL EXERCISE * SPARKLING HEALTH * Com11liments of: - BUENAVENTURA EVANGELISTA WHOLESOl\IE * ATMOS ATTORNF.\"-AT-LAW PHERE AND GRACIOUS R-301 York Town·~ Buildin.i: ·1:!11 Ri:r.1d A\"e., M1u1ila LIVING IN THE TROPICS at the--- • FORGET YOUR WORRIES! e GET YOUR SWEEPSTAKES TICKETS NOW!! MANILA HOTEL An Addl"f"ss of Prestige MANUEL UY On•rlooking World Famous l\lanila Buy "THE STAR AND LUCKY AGENT NO. I'' 19 Hole-For a last l'ound-up ft The only Agent who sold twenty-four FIRST Bamboo Grille-Delicious snacks or full meals PRIZES in the history at the Philippine Palm Cou1t-Gay informal by ihe swimming pool Charity Sweepstakes. Tennis Court-For sports enthusia.i;ts ir LUCK\" L \" is the only Agent who sold Cocktail Lounge-Cool, spacious sport for relaxation three (:I) consecuti\"e FJRST PRJZES. Swimming Pool-White-tiled, open-air, exclusive ---»(''>•-'- Continental Bar-Beverage services :is you like it Continental Bar-Largest Formal Ballroom Dancing every night of the music of the CESAR VELASCO and his Or A WINNER NEVER QUITS chestra - For Private Parties - A QUITTER NEVER WINS OAK AND TINDALO ROOMS (Air-('onditioncd) ALSO CHAMPAGNE AND - »(1:')«- ROTARY ROOMS 13 PLAZA STA. CRITZ P.O. BOX 13 :\IAXIl~A )IA:\'ILA Phone: 2-70-0 l For resC'r\'ations Page 68 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 The local .Japanese ne\·01· ncYel' forgan~, and ncve1 !'amili<'S fol' the provinc.:es and either laid \ow giving in l'orgot. dil'ed aid to the gtL•nillas, or elf.(' actively joining the As soon as lmpp1·iHl Japanl'Sl' Army had oc:cupicd :".Ia- undeg1·ound. 11ib, the.\· lost no time in round;ng up all the leaders ol The rec.:onls of the US Sixth army f!Lowcd the va thL' Chinese c:ommunit.\· with Consul General Young at th< liant dePds of thes<> hundreds of Chinese who joined the top of the list of sc.:ores of Chinc1w wanted men \Yho wen guerr:Jlas, and fought s'de by side with the Filipinos and dpstined for internment and later martyrdom. tlw Am::.';·icans, in the final assault to l'egain the Philip· Hundreds of Ch·r_csc, business and social leaders, spe· pines. tially thus<' in the Philippim• Ch;nesl' Gcne~·al Chamber oi These guerrillas fought and died. Many of them sur Comnwrcc, like Don Alfonso Z. S.rcip, George DPe Sckiat. vived. They a:·e with us today. Jn their usual peaceful Guille1·mo Dr Buncio, Dr Hmuu:hay, Yu I\he Thai, and tasks, th::.-y arc doing their part in the e::onomic rehabili sen'ral otlwr well known figures of the JFcwar Chinese tahm ~:~~d upbuilding of the land that has given them hos community in the Philippines were clamped into conc:en· pitaJ;ty and l:o:ne, and treasuring, in their bosoms, a life tration -:amps and dl'n;:-;~'ons, and subjected to thP :ncd long memo;·~· of their role in fighting for (l('mo2n~cy and abominable fol'ms of torture. human brotlw:·hood. Only a handful of these sun·inxl to tell the stol'y of their tragedy. Compli111ents of: - Consul Young and Consul l\fok h:wc bec.:onw martn·s. to the c.:ause of dcmoc.:rac.:y and freedom. \\'ith them w~re hundreds of their c.:ountrymcn. The other leader:::", notably Go Puan Seng, Ko Sent Liat, and Yang Sepeng, then as now exe~utive sec.:retan· of the ~hilippine Chinese General Chamber of Commer<:~. West Pacific Brokerage Corp. left Manila e\·en before the Japanese Armr entered l\fa. nila, and remained in hiding until the force~ of Liberation Maritima Bldg. came in 19--1:). Yang and Go stayed in the lpo hills, living among the guerrillas and the mountain folk of Bulac.:an. Hundreds of Chinese ~·outh, belonging to the boy sc:out organizations and other patriotic groups, ll'ft with thei1 CompHments of * EDUARDO CO SETENG & CO. Operators of FAR EASTERN SAWMILL 2727 T. Earnshaw St., Manila Tel. 2-64-36 DEE C CHUAN & SONS, INC. Dealers in all Kinds of Native Lumber 14-30 Sole1· St., Manila Tels. 2-68-32; 2-9~-85 ~ LA DICHA & LA PAZ Y BUENVIAJE CIGAR & CIGARRETE DEALERS 429 Asuncion St., Manila Tel. 2-80-36 November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 69 Biographical Sketches ... tunately the "farms" were nothing but wastelands. The raeket caused such a scandal that the State's Attorney's office investigat (CC1t1ti11ued from /Jaf!t' 65) ed. The prosecutions in which Lewis assisted and the resulting con DAVID N'. LEWIS victions did much to discourage otht>1· Get~Rich-Quick Wallingfords. .Mr. Lewis' experience in prosecuting the German-Ame.dean An attorney who stepped into th~ national spo1 light when he Bond-and the investigations which led to the trial and conviction assisted in breaking up the German-American Bund's Nazi camp of six leading members-convinced him tha.t war was in the offi:lg in Suffolk County, New York-thus leading to the eventual prose so, in 1939, he. applied for a commission in the Army. In July of cution and conviction of Fritz Kuhn, erstwhile German-American that year, he hecame a scC"ond lieutenant in the Reserves and went fuehrer-today is one of the three IT!.e.mbers of the War Claims to Mitchell Field, N.Y. Later he was transferred to the First Commission. Fighter Command and was with this outfit when the Japanese at He is David N. Lewis, native New Yorker, recently returned tacked Pearl Harhoi·. from Europe where he spent two years in charge of the Litigat.ion In June of '42 Lewis was promoted to first lieutl!nant. Shoitl)· Branch of the Office of Alien Property in Europe, -assisting in the afte.r, he requested-and was assigned--to glider pilot school. Af colle.ction of evidence to sustain seizure of German assets in the ter his. gradua.tion six months later as a glider pilot, he was ;;.ent United States. The proceeds of such property are now being ap to the Army Intelligence School. Eventually he wa!'i a!'isigned to pli°ed to the fund from which American ex-prisoners of war will the Glider Di\'ision m-· an Intelligence officer. be paid. In 1944 Lewi!'i, then a captain, was given command of a glider Mr. Lewis, who seems to have a knack of getting into thing;; wing in North Africa. He saw action at Anzio; was in the break exciting, started out in life casually enough as one of two children through at Rome, and led a. glider wing in the in\'asion of South born to Charles and Josephine Noah Lewis. His father is an at ern France landing his gliders behind th~ lines on D Day. He was torney in New York City. also in the breakthrough in the· Pn Valley. Lewis, promoted to David was educated in the local public schools, Cascadilla Prep major in 1P45, aiso did rescue work among prisoners of war 'lnd and Columbia University, and studied law at the Brooklyn Law internees. He was one of the crew in the plane that brought out School, graduatin~ in 192!) shnrt.iy b.::fore thQ st<-.ck market cra!'h. ~he Peace l\fo:;idl>n from llohmno, Italy, on VE Day. The first lie 'He went into private practice with his father; the firm of Lewis heard of Germany's surrender was while he was flying German & Lewis specializing in real estate and corporation law. In 1932 the firm opened an office in Bay Shore, Long Island, N.Y. Like many attorneys in small communities, Le.wis combined Compliments of: - his private practice with county cases. He was attorney for the Board of Education, West Islip, and served as special assistant to "EL AHORRO INSULAR" the State's Attorney Gene.ml in investi~..1.ting and prosecuting elec Sociedad l\.lutua de Construccion y Prestamos tion frauds. He represented the buyers in the prosecution of un 543 San Vicente, Manila scrupulous real estate dealer.;; selling "chicken farms" to the un Tel.: 3-28-46 wary who hoped to escape the dt!pres;;ion the easy way. Unfor- our R{ublic ~f the Philippines Department o Bf;R~luWOr;s pQ;T~ommunications name Manila SWORN STATEMENT stands/ (Required by Act No. 2580) for The undersigned, F. Ben Brillantes, publisher of THE MANILA GUARDIAN published Monthly in English at 501 ROYAL fo,h B•ttn Samanillo Bldg., Escolta, Manila, aft;er having bei:;n duly sworn these • in accordance with law, hereby submits the following statement famous e ROYAL Evnporflted Milk of ownership, management, circulation, etc., which is required by Act 2580, as amended by Commonwealth Act No. 201: brands •ROYAL Corned Beef Name Post-Office Address e ROYAL Edam Cheese Editoi· Pedro Padilla 501 Samanillo Bldg. ManaUing Editor, Moises T. Guerrero 501 Saman!llo Bldg. 8 PINA Ham & Bacon Bm~iness Manage1·, Milagros Romulo 501 Samamllo Bldg. Owner F. Ren Brillantes · 501 Samanillo Bldg. / i • PINA n,11,, (in tin•! ~~~;;~~rBe~ip!;~ ~~!:ntes ~~~ ~~:11~1~~dridg. e REX Cheddflr Cheese Office of publication, Manila 501 Samamllo Bldg. ,.rh e MJB Co/lee In case of publication other than daily, total number of copies printed and circulated of the last issue dated July, 1949. : 1. Sent to paid subscribers ...... 3,478 ~ ~~~~~~A:,B~;~~a:::fectioneries 2. Sent to others than paid subscribers ..... , ... 1,522 . I e LENTHERIC Perfumes Total ...... , ... , ...... , , . 5,000 I e TEACHER'S Scotch Wlii.iky (Sgd.) F. BEN BRILLANTES I e DYANSHINE Shoe Polish Publisher I • SAPOLIN Paints J)[STRIBUTORS Subscribed and sworn before me this 24th day of October, Anaesthesia 1949, at Manila, the affiant exhibiting his Residence Cer I •GRAHAM tificate No. A-3930238 issued at Manila, on August 10, 1949 I e ADERER Golds I Doc. No. 58 CRISPIN V. l!AUTISTA Page No. 12 Notary Public ..--- Hook No. 7 Until December 31, 19!)0 I_ ------·------Series of 1~14U 'GE NATO EOMMERCIAl CORPORATION J J (NOTE): - This form is exempt from the payment of do· cumentary stamp tax. 1075-79 R. HIDALGO, MANILA Page 70 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 niililai·r "h1a~,·· b:wk tn Allied Headquarters in Ital;.·. Aft1!nrnrds wm·e behind the lines in the im·a: J. DE VERA BROKERAGE "If you want reli This is the time for ELGIN THE ONLY WATCH WITH THE DURAPOWER MAINSPRING! 6il6A: ELGIN. 1.i Jewels 10 Kt Natural Rolled Gold ~n!Oe. St11inles~ !Oteel ha.el'. . .1:;lfance Reaciv l\Iixcd Leather "t"r.1 r;;2.10 Paints may be easily washed and kept sanitary -an important advantage, particularly when walls or woodwork are finishecl in a light color. Economical, too - you ean cover more square feet with these ,;;1:;,\, EU;IN. Ir. Jewel><, IO fullbodied finishes, and their fine quality assures a Kt Natm·al IWlkd Golt! caw. 51,.inle. HEN I REMEMBER t~e Death March I don't re was a good friend-cla3smate uf mine. He did not recog W collect ·so much the suffer;ngs of the prisoners on nize me. It was then that I took stock of my appearance. their way, for they were soldiers meant for death and I was unshaved. My hair covered my ears. I was black pain; but I remember an old woman who was at the win . like camagun. I was clothed in a torn and dirt~~ polo dow of the nipa hut, waving at the- long stream of un shirt which I had picked on the way. And I was thin as kempt, bedraggled and emaciated hulks of men, scorched, a rail. I harl weighed 130 pounds before Bataan, I must flagged, and driven along the hot summer road. She was han~ we=ghed 105 pounds after Bataan. peering into the faces passing by her as if she were look-. I entered Capas in the company of Lieutenant Alberto ing for some one. I could see tears profusely falling from 011iaoit. who had been platoon commander in the 1st Reg her eyes and I could tell why her pose seemed to say: "As ular Division. His platoon had mopped up the enemy in your fathers were before you, my sons, you too are march \\"hat was known as the Tu-ul Pocket of the Pilar-Baga: ing in defeat." line. He had gathered some souvenirs. Pictures of some It h!lppened that the Japanese guard halted the column Japanese officers whom he had killed in per~onal combat just when I was in front of her. As the column stopped, were still sewn between the linings of his combat field bag. this silver haired old grandmother started to throw at us In the last inspection of our personal belongings inside ~mall packages wrapped in banana leaves. She was cry Canas. the waning day. He stood slim .smd straight and in~ in a quivering voi::e, "Take these my sons; take them haughty then. even while he was pulled out of our r1nks all and be strong again." She must have been keeping That was the last 1 saw of him alive. His head, preserved them for a grandson whom she could not locate. And we in. alcohol, was solicitously given to his family by one of were her grandson's comrades. the civilians living close to the Concentration Camp. \Ve knew what would· happen to her, for we had seen \Ve were marched to our quarters ~lt one end of the man·· of the civilians abused and bayoneted for attempting Camp. My mouth anrl th!'oat we!'e so di')" I felt I could to gh·e us succor. So we cried to her to stop throwing us not swallow anything. I also had extreme rlifficulty in food and to run, run from the yellow demon who was breathing. Even the old expedient of sucking my fore hastening towards her house. "Run, Lola," we cried it1 finger of the soft-boiled rice. There were times when I did not Why did she permit all her sons to die like this, I have the strength to go to the kit:hen to receive my food. kept asking myself. Why didn't she come to aid her sons Hunger was an old acquaintance and it was not hard to with medicines and doctor3? \Vhy did she leave them to renew friendship with him. Since it didn't matter much starve and waste away in pain? Perhaps after all, this to me whether I lived or not, I watched the ~till forms of defeated Army was not worthy to be saved. And at night my brothers-in-arms, one by one, being taker. out of our I would wake up sobbing to myself. quarters as they passed away. For I did not know that there were doctors and medi This scene of all the outraged faith and the suffer cines a-plenty. \Ve were never told that foodstuffs were ready for all of us, . but that the magnanimous victors ings around me was indelibly set in my mind. There was denied their entry to camp. It seemed as if the gallant a little kid of 17 or even less (kid because I was 25) who samurai had decided that this was the righteous vengeance was beside me. Like me, he had no blanket or towel and against those who had fought valiantly. We were told the no extra set of cloth;no:. Like me. he, too, had no frienr1s. medicines were received, but they were distributed among He was so wPak that he could not sit up from his bed like the Japanese soldiers instead of among the prisoners of most of ns. He was ill with malaria, dysentery. and bt>ri war. We never dreamed that our people were accepting beri. He slept. ate and defecated on the two-feet wide the disgrace of begging from the Japanese, begging that portion of thr floor al1ocated to him. The flies we!'e con we, their sons, might live. At the risk of pride they tinua]]~· cover;no; h;-,. entire bodv. including his onen mouth. begged; but their pleas remained unheard. In our bitter esneciall:v after he had relieved himself of the greater por- - ness towards our own people, ·we never dreamed that there tion of the contents of his bowels. Sometimes, when he were many ::ountrymen who were ready to take our place was unconscious. his slime and dirt would fan on me. And i~ gaol that we may be left in liberty to resuscitate and J. would also be too weak to bother about cleaning np. recover. I did not know when my senses began to rebel against l nd so from the indifference of my resignation anci all these; but it was then that I began to get interested in frustrJtion I grew into an awareness of bitterness. The: the smal1 in-:idents that made up my life in camp. Fili things that made up camp life came crowding into my pinas had welcomed us in spite of the disgrace of our de consciousness. feat in Bataan. But it seemed that although she had In the uncertain light of the false dawn, I would rouse smiled at us through her tears, she would not bind up our myself from always fitful slumbers to the clutter of the tin wounds. ca~s of the water detail. I would lie there staring at the Compliments of ROCES HERMANOS, INC. Operators of the IDEAL THEATRE MANILA November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 73_ ceiling, listening to the hollow and strident din of the "tiu can bngade." The clash of cans came from all sections of C:omjJlim('t1/.1· of the camp, those from the farther sections ringing in muf fled tones. "Church bells," I would laugh to myself. And I would remember my boyhood in my hometown where the church bells used to wake me up in the morning be LUCAS V. VILLACRUSIS and COMPANY fore the sun was up. I would remember how I would go Ci,·il Enginrrrs and Contractors down to the backyard to catch beetles still sleeping in the tamarind tree. And how the dew· was so crystal-pure on the soft green of the tamarind leaves. And my thoughts would jump to Baguio where the chapel bells used to come in equally muffled tune through the fog of the dawn. And how I used to walk through the swirling denseness of the Rizal City 51- A. ~I. de la Cruz fog, my shoes wet from the grass and the whole world smelling of pureness and freshness. In the urge of my thoughts, l would try to rise, strong ly and with vigour, but the attempt would exhaust me and I would slump back with a grimace. So I went to peeping through a crack in the wooden wall, at the world outside. The first time I gazed at the column of moving men . .I was gripped by a feeling of unreality. The figures shuf fling in the eerie li.'l"ht look•'d like be-robed priests clashing ~ymbals in ironic celebration of death. Death, yes, be WATERPROOF * WASHABLE cause after the cans came the long, long column of still and •·1·111~·1tf... S NO H1lT LIKE IT" silent forms of our comrades that were borne on bamboo * You Con Wosh It * Won't Worp, Wilt, or Lose lb stretchers each upon the shoulders of fotn· men. Every Shope morning, hundreds upon hundreds of these forms stiffened • Won't Breok or Crock 1-:.nh1sh·e A::e•U• into twisted grotesque shapes, moved unendingly to the FAR F.AST {Phili1111h1t• .. 1 :u1mrASTILE, INC. widening and lengthening graveyard ... ~43 8:111 \"kenle, Manil• Sold at Lcatlill!J l/C11Jenlaslu·1 y S!ores sinc:e 1932 Compliments of The Philippine Bank of Commerce MANILA * PHILIPPINES Cable Address: BANKMER Page 74 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 When we "\Von" back, and in New Guinea the Americans had been able (Continued from pafe 6!) to make a foothold. The doctor made a motion with his hand that the Japanese were retreating in those sectors tion for one group threatened to desert should the other but that they would soon advance again. The enlight insist in reflecting its belief in the editorial of that day's ened way he explained the war situation for those who issue. At last the staff agreed to give Quezon the benefit were in the news blackout differed from that of another of the doubt. Japanese who had married a native of the place and lived The newssheet splashed the "suicide" of the Japanese here for more than twenty years. He always described general Homma when the radio announced that he com how the Japanese had invaded the American mainland and mitted harakiri for failure to get Bataan, in the same room assured his audience that in two years Hirohito would be at the Manila Hotel which General MacArthur used for in the White House. his headquarters before the war. It was not radio puwak when news reached the people It was funny the way common readers interpreted of Panay that an American submarine had surfaced at Cu news and, in straightening it, the newssheets did their Iasi, Antique, early in 1943. I, for one, would not believo bit. Readers had a distorted verb sense when they heard it at first. But a guerrilla offioer, whose Chinese father news in the radio. Let us lay it on their hurry to "win" was a neighbor of ours in the mountain hideout, had sent the war early. A news item, for instance, would i·ead :. me a Camel cigarette and ten pieces of cigarette wrapper "American production of planes would be 5,000 a month by to prove it. I could have invited the entire barrio to smeli 1945." Overjoyed readers ignored the .sense of futurity the aroma of that single Camel. We knew that American and spread news that American that time produced 5,000 a_id was within smelling distance! planes a month, adding even that all these would be sent to the Philippines. Then in 1943 the first war-time copy of the Readers Digest reached this area by submarine. In it we learned One time in 1943, in our enemy-garrisoned town, the that America lost two admirals in one -of the battles of Japanese military physician saw a big world map on the Guadalcanal. The magazine passed from hand to hand in wall of the municipal building. He walked up to it, called that barrio. the Filipino officials present, and described for them the war situation. Fighting was in Midway, he told them with Yes, American aid had not merely been sighted. It out wincing at the truth, the Japanese had been driven had come. Not a mere bate/ship had brought goods to the Compliments of LUZON THEATRES, INC. Operators of the AVENUE STATE RIALTO Compliments of EASTERN THEATRICAL Co., INC. Operators of the LYRIC CAPITOL November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 75 guerrillas. In May, 1944, the guerrillas wanted to con It was raining hard by now. And the wind W"as :old. vince the inhabitants who were inside the enemy gru.'l'ison The impending storm accentuated the loneliness around. at Kalibo that the day of liberation was not far off. In a raid that lasted all night they fired all the new weapons * * * the submarine brought them-carbines, Thompsons, Ga I was to see Myrle months later. This time I had rands, Brownings, etc. Those of us in the garrison who been transferred to general headquarters in the city. It managed to get out on excuses that convinced the Japanese was my habit to drive down after office hours to the USO sentries saw our first copy of the Free Philippines. near Santo Domingo church, buy ice cream and then raci: home. Sometimes I reach~d home with the ice cream still quite solid, but sometimes it was all liquid. All the same !t was fun racing through the traffic against the dis T/s OLSON: G.I. solving qualities of Manila summer. Moreover, the kids (Conti1med from page 4S) enjoyed the ice cream, race or no race. One late afternoon, as I was just getting off to a fly It was raining as we drove to camp. I helped him ing start, a neighboring driver hallooed to me. It was "pack up," if you pack up a cot and duffel bag anyway. Myrle all right. He had some girls with him. I told him that he was welcome to my place anytime; It d•veloped that the 37th Division was sent home, that I wanted to hear from him again. All the nice words but he lacked the ne:essary points and so had to cool his I could say. I also volunteered to write his CO and his heels off as in charge of second echelon parts of a motor folks. He was silent most of the time. When finally he unit. While doing so he gathered an additional stripe and, spoke, he didn't say much, but it cut deep. All the bit what was more important, a wife. 11With the benefit of terness, all the rancor in my heart for his countrymen clergy," he hastened to assure me. As a matter-of-fact, were diE:sipated. "Thank you, sir, for all the kindness. he was already building a house in Paraiiaque. He was To serve in your command has been a real pleasure. I going to stay for good in the country, he said. wish I could go on serving under you. Goodbye, sir." I knew that Myrle was the kind of a guy who could He snapped into a salute that appeared to me as the get along well with all kinds of people, but I never thought smartest I have ever known. he was that good at it. rC9ourtesy of 'B. DE ERQUIAGA Legaspi City Philippines Page 76 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 "To Those who bravely faced death fo make us free. Their names wit/ be remembered and treasured in our hearts. We shofi forever cherish their me mory", e MAIN OFFICE l!UELLE DE LA IXDUSTRIA •PLANT COMPANY XAGA, CEBP publishers of LI WAY WAY --BANNAWAli -- BISAYA - HILlliAYNDN KISLAP - - PARUPARD - PILIPIND KDMIK5 TAliALDli KLA51K5 November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 77 Three Lives Triumphant (Contitw.ed from page .'17) Sylvia Canero, Capt. Vicente Gepte, Dr. Amando Ordonez, ~ Capt. Jose Moran, Mr. Tito Dans, Miss A.baya herself and Wherever you go others. Being sick, Mother Stagg was left with another group that was removed later. \Vith her were Miss Ester in the Philippines ... Belarmino, Mrs. Pauline Costigan-Myer and Thomas Myer. She rejoined her group .at the. City Jail. The Mock Mass i'1·ial A mock mass trial took place at Bilibid on August 28 and the sentences were read in Japanese. Nobody knew the verdict. On August 30, Miss Abaya saw .her friends for the last time as they were taken away by the Japanese. With them were Mr. and Mrs. Franco, Mrs. Carrere, Messrs. Elizalde, Pirovano, Ozamiz and Serafin Aquino. She never saw them again alive. Two days later, ihat was on September 1, 1944, Miss Abaya, Pau1ine Costigan-Myer, and the two Sisters were transferred to the Correctional Institution at Manrl:i.luyong and Mr. Dans and others to the New Bilibid Prison at Muntinglupa. Before we forget, Sam Boyd and Miss Clara Ruth Darbr were brought to the concentration camp at the San to Tomas University where they were iihcrated by Amer· ican troops on February 3, 1945. . UNIFORM The intervening months saw more terrorism through· CAL TEX out the Philippines. The American forces of General Mac· SERVICE • Arthur were about to land ·and he had n.lread~r warned the enemy not to :ommit atrocities in the Islands. But the ~· /) warning fell on deaf ears and the brutalities multiplied. The landing on Leyte on October 20, 1944, did not minimize "v o ~.TI the arrests and executions. It rather s<:"rved as a cue to • ~" ~~s intensify the crimes. / Nothing was heard of Mother Stagg, Dr. Darby and Miss Wilk Then all of a sudden, through the testimony of some Japanese witnesses at a trial of a war criminal Ask for CALTEX l.OXG DISTAN"CE CiASOI.INE in Manila after liberation, 1t was learned that they had been THE PUE:\llt'~I :\IOTOR on. lZP executed 2t the Manila North Cemetery where they were 1\.IAKFAK I.URKICATION beheaded and buried in one dugout. In another were in UNl\"ERSAI. THt"RAX terred the remains of Elizalde, Pirovano, Ozamiz and K1lSTPJtOOI•' SElf:\.ICE others. Through well-known marks, portion.<;, of dresses, hair, More than a,ooo CALTEX distri· butors throughout the Philippines dental make-up their remains were finally identified. give you complete automotive ser Mother Stagg hailed from Califorma. vice, premium lubricants, STAR Dr. Di•rb.r, who was near1y 50 yean old at the time KEUOSENE and other products of her death, was from the state of Indiana. of unsurpas~ed quality. Miss \Vilk, who was a little over 43 years of age on her death, was born in La Porte, Indiana. Amon{} c:.~ In the concept of men, Mother Stagg, Dr. Darby and Miss \Vilk are dead-foreYer. To us whose faith is as CALTEX (PHILIPPINES)----~~ INC. deathless as theirs, the.r are merely transfigured and, al though separated from the li\·es of living men, they linger PETROLEUM PRODUCTS OF UNSURPASSED OUAlllY AND UNIFORMITY in our memory to guide and inspire us to greater heights Paqe 78 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November 30, 1949 of devotion to counfry and of love to God. For that matter. The Last Days ... they abide by us in waiting, silent as love, eternal as hope. (Continued from page 25) Needless to say, they were happy in their martyrdom lenced by Instinct, Mind surrendered to the embrace of for the people they helped to free with their labors. And Flesh, and Hope was blinded and became Chance. To the in dying in the manner the cruel enemy had chosen, they very end, to the last extremity, Hope had not deserted the enriched the struggle with their blood and lives. Of each men of Bataan who, even while Japanese tanks crunched of them we can also say, "Greater Love hath no man than steadily along the zigzags of Little Baguio, talked wildly He laid down His life for their sake." and obstinately of great fleets of American bombers ex As Christians and as Filipinos, we ~we to them much, pe~ted at Mariveles. But even this forlorn fantastic com if not all, of what we are today, tomorrow and forever! fort was taken from the men of Corregidor. The convoy was no longer expected; it was no longer believed. And Our Unknown Envoy ... with the hope of victory, vanished the will to fight. Why (Confinuecl from page 20) indeed should a man lose his life when nothing was to be That with all the work and accomplishmer.ts he has gained? clone for his country he is comparati_vely unknown to his P:ttriotism became cautious, skeptical, reasonable, and countrymen is, ironically, the reward of silent labor and becoming reasonable ceased to be Patriotism. The Voice financial s~~-:rifice. His annual salary of P24,000 can only of Freedom gave desultory news. Propaganda was scru co\·er a small fraction of the expenses •vhich a diplomatic tinized soberly by censors who now hesitated to antagonize representative of his rank must meet in the world's most the inevitable conqueror. T11e general staff was now con expensive capital. Hence, he has to dig deep into his cerned with preserving the morale of its own men than priYate resources, using his private resiclence in 'Vash with undermining the morale of the enemy. Already there ington as the official seat of the Embe.s•y. For this, he Were whispers of mutiny and surrender in the dark cor does not charge the Philippine goYernment a single centavo. ners where enlisted men sucked hungrily and apprehensive For.all that he is doing to enhance Philippine prestige ly at their cigarettes and, in the impenetrable blackout, the abroad, Mr. Elizalde seeks nothing in return but merely vigilant ear could not distinguish the blameless experiment the cooperation of every Filiipno. Thi3 he intimated to P. of the agent provo,ateur from the sinister blandishments missioner in 'Vashington who asked the Ambassador if hr of the defeatist. But whether one or the other no one had any message to send. The Filipino diplomat lacon cried out in shocked denunciation. Corregidor was silent ical1y remarked: and listened and thought curiously. Corregidor knew that "I hope you will have the opportun!ty to share your it ·was beaten, and knowing it, was already beaten. observations with our people and our Government leaders, impressing upon them the ·importance of avoiding to anta gonize or alienate the friendship of the American people WE JOIN THE NATION either by deeds, speeches or in the press." IN PAYING HOMAGE Letter to a War Widow ... TO THE COUNTRY'S (Continued from pa(/e 29) but sen·ed. Whe1·e they expected 50,000 there came 500,000 which could easily be a million-with proof that they had served. It seems to me that slovenly Army work misrepresents the whole of America. With July 4th so near, it is a sad farewell, indeed-the Arm}r trying to say it for America with money they're relu~tant .to pay to a people who need something much more than out and dried compensation. Or insults. NATIONAL HEROES DE LEON & SONS MEN'S APPAREL ARTS OUR SPECJALTIES•• SU!TS SLACKS BAllONG TAGALOG TRUBINIZED COLLAR WIDE·SPREAD COLLAR ROTC UNIFORl\IS, ETC. UO:\IAN DE LEOS PHILIPPINE LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE CO. Mana1e1 PLAZA LAWTON e l!ANILA E1:-Cutter of L. R. AGUINALDO 1871 A•zearra1a Manila November 30, 1949 THE MANILA GL:ARDIAN Page 79 Dedicated to our National Heroes who died, that we may live. BENIPAYO PRESS & PHOTO ENGRAVING 550 Misericordia, Sta. Cruz, Manila Tel. 2-83-21 In Honor Of A National Hero VINZONS MEMORIAL INSTITUTE An Educational Institution Birf'l'lor STA. cn.rz, ~u XIL\ F. BEN BRILLANTES Page 80 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Nove.mber 30, 1949 -~~~~~~~-~~~-~~~~~~~~-~~~~_:_~::=-:=---=-::_:__:.:.::: INDEX TO ADVERTISERS PAli ... PAGE LUZON INVESTMENT SURETY & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, INC•.... :S:S AGUINALDO'S F.CHAGUF., INC. LU7.0N THEATRES, INC. & EASTERN THEATRICAL CO., INC. 7' ALTO SURJ.:TY & INSURANCF. CO., INC. " .." 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