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KAWERUA MOLLUSCA by Bruce W. Hayward

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KAWERUA MOLLUSCA by Bruce W. Hayward KAWERUA MOLLUSCA by Bruce W. Hayward New Zealand Geological Survey, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt SUMMARY One hundred and twenty-three species of Mollusca (6 Polyplacophora, 84 Gastropoda, 30 Bivalvia, 3 Cephalopoda) are recorded from marine and freshwater habitats around Kawerua, west coast Northland, New Zealand. Most are widespread New Zealand taxa but 10% are restricted to the northern North Island. These Kawerua records provide west coast exten• sions of range for four species previously known only from the east coast of northern North Island, and northern range extensions for three species previously recorded from further south on the west coast. The common molluscan associations in the various habitats are briefly outlined. INTRODUCTION Auckland University Field Club's Kawerua Research Station is situated on the west coast of Northland, approximately 200 km northwest of Auckland. This coastline, stretching from Auckland to Cape Maria van Diemen, consists largely of long stretches of exposed sandy beach broken in only a few places by rocky reefs. One such place is Kawerua, where there is a wide variety of intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats available for a diverse molluscan fauna. In contrast to the more accessible east coast of Northland, the distribution of molluscs along the west coast has been little studied, with effort concentrated (mainly by Powell) around Cape Maria van Diemen and Motutara (southern Muriwai). Thus a species list from Kawerua, half-way between these two areas, provides valuable biogeographic data. It should also prove useful to those studying more general marine ecology in the vicinity of the station. Short lists of marine molluscs from Kawerua have previously been included in papers dealing with other aspects of rocky shore life (Hayward 1971, 1979, Dickson 1986). Molluscan specimens upon which this study is primarily based are deposited in the New Zealand Geological Survey, Lower Hutt, and were collected over a calm period with exceptionally low tides at New Year 1986-1987. Further intense study should greatly add to the species list, especially after storm wash-ups and from SCUBA study of subtidal rocky habitats. The species list covers records along 8 km of coast, from Waipoua River estuary in the south, to Wairau River mouth in the north. It includes several freshwater molluscan records, but excludes the land snail fauna. 1 SPECIES LIST Habitat: E = Waipoua River estuary P = pelagic S = exposed sandy beach, at or below low tide level B = intertidal boulder beach F = freshwater stream R = on or around coastal rocks Double letter = abundant Nomenclature follows Powell (1979) except in a few instances, where updating is required. PHYLUM MOLLUSCA Class Polyplacophora (chitons) Acanthochitona zelandica R Chiton glaucus RR Chiton pelliserpentis RR Eudoxochiton nobilis R Plaxiphora (Vaferichiton) murdochi R Rhyssoplax aerea aerea R Class Gastropoda (snails, slugs) Superfamily Pleurotomariacea Haliotis (Sulculus) australis R Haliotis (Paua) iris R Superfamily Fissurellacea Emarginula striatula Scutus breviculus R Tugali suteri suteri R Superfamily Patellacea (limpets) Cellana ornata R Cellana radians RR Notoacmea (Parvacmea) helmsi scapha R Notoacmea pileopsis pileopsis RR Patelloida cortical a RR Radiacmea inconspicua R Superfamily Trochacea Cantharidella tesselata R Cookia sulcata R Diloma (Fractarmilla) hicanaliculata bicanaliculata R Diloma (Cavodiloma) coracina BR Diloma nigcrrima BR Diloma (Fractarmilla) subrostrata subrostrata BR Maurea pcllucida S Maurca punctulata R Maurea select a S Maurea tigris tigris R Melagraphia acthiops R Micrelenchus sanguineus sanguineus R Thoristella oppressa R Turbo smaragdus RR Zethalia zclandicum S 2 Superfamily Neritacea Nerita (Melanerita) atramcntosa melanotragus BB RR Superfamily Littorinacea Eatoniella (Dardanula) olivacea R Eatoniella (Pellax) huttoni R Littorina (Austrolittorina) cincta RR Littorina (Austrolittorina) unifasciata antipodum BB RR Superfamily Rissoacea Pisinna zostcrophila R Rissoina anguina R Rissoina chathamensis R Potamopyrgus antipodarum FF Superfamily Cerithiacea Mclanopsis trifasciata F Zeacolpus (Stiracolpus) ahiparaensis Zeacumantus lutulentus R Zeacumantus subcarinatus RR Superfamily Strombacea Struthiolaria papulosa S Superfamily Calyptraeacea Crepidula monoxyla R Sigapatella novaezclandiac R Superfamily Naticacea Tanca zelandica Superfamily Tonnacea Ranella australasia australasia R Ranclla olearium S Semicassis pyrum pyrum S Tonna cercvisina S Superfamily Muricacea Haustrum haustorium RR Lepsiella scobina scobina R Paratrophon cheesemani cheesemani R Thais orbita RR Xymene plebcius R Xymene traversi R Superfamily Buccinacea Austrofusus glans S Buccinulum linea linea R Buccinulum vittatum littorinoides R Cominclla adspersa R Cominclla maculosa R Cominella (Josepba) quoyana acuminata R Cominclla (Josepha) virgata virgata RR Paxula paxillus Penion sulcatus Taron dubius R Superfamily Volutacea Amalda (Baryspira) australis R Amalda (Baryspira) deprcssa R Amalda (Gracilispira) novaezclandiac R Alcithoc jaculoidcs S Alcithoe swainsoni S Austromitra rubiginosa R 3 Superfamily Conacea Duplicaria (Pervicacia) tristis Neoguraleus sinclairi Phenotoma rosea Superfamily Epitoniacea Epitonium jukesianum Janthina janthina Superfamily Bullacea Bulla quoyi Superfamily Doridacea Okadaia cinnabareus Family Flabellinidae Coryphella albomarginata Superfamily Onchidiacea Onchidella nigricans Superfamily Siphonariacea Gadinalea conica Siphonaria sp. Superfamily Chiliniacea Latia neritoides Superfamily Ancylacea Planorbis corinna Superfamily Amphibolacea Amphibola crenata Superfamily Ellobiacea Marinula filholi Class Bivalvia (bivalves) Superfamily Nuculacea Nucula nitidula Superfamily Arcacea Barbatia novaezealandiae Superfamily Mytilacea Perna canaliculus Xenostrobus pulex Superfamily Ostreacea Saccostrea glomerata Superfamily Pectinacea Chlamys zelandiae Pecten novaezelandiae Superfamily Unionacea Hyridella (Echyridella) mcnzicsi Superfamily Lucinacea Divaricella (Divalucina) buttoniana Superfamily Galeommatacea Myllita (Zemyllita) stowei Superfamily Cyamiacea Neolepton antipodum Superfamily Mactracea Mactra murchisoni Paphies australis Paphies subtriangulata subtriangula, Paphies ventricosa Spisula (Crassula) aequilateralis Superfamily Tellinacea Gari lineolata s Lcptomya retiaria retiaria Tellina (Peronidia) gairmardi S Tellina (Macomona) liliana R Zearcopagia disculus R Superfamily Corbiculacea Pisidium (Rivulina) casertanum 1 Superfamily Veneracea Austrovenus stutchburyi SS Bassina yatei s Dosinia (Austrodosinia) anus S Irus (Notirus) reflexus Protothaca (Tuangia) crassicosta R Superfamily Pholadacea Anchomasa similis R Pholadidea suteri R Superfamily Pandoracea Myadora striata R Class Cephalopoda (squids, cuttlefish, etc.) Argonauta nodosa P Sepia (Amplisepia) apama P Spirula spirula PP BIOGEOGRAPHY Eighty-five percent of the listed fauna is wide-ranging, occurring in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. A further five percent occurs widely around the North Island and ten percent is restricted to northern North Island. The following are these northern-restricted species and their geographic ranges recorded by Powell (1979). For many the Kawerua records are extensions of their recorded ranges*: Diloma (Fractarmilla bicanaliculata bicanaliculata — northern North Thoristella oppressa — Northland and Bay of Plenty. *Rissoina anguina — previously recorded from eastern Northland between Tom Bowling Bay and Leigh. Zeacolpus (Stiracolpus)ahiparaensis — a locally common species restricted to the west coast of Northland between Ahipara and Whatipu. *Paratrophon cheesemani cheesemani — restricted to west coast of North Island, previously recorded between Motutara and Kawhia. *Cominella (Josepha) virgata virgata — recorded by Powell only from eastern North Island between Whangarei and East Cape; but also on known from scattered areas further south, e.g. Wellington, Picton (A.G. Beu, pers. comm.) 5 *Cominella (Josepha) quoyana acuminata — restricted to west coast of North Island, recorded by Powell between Motutara and Port Waikato, but also found further north at Matapia Island (F.J. Brook, pers. comm.). *Taron dubius — previously recorded only from eastern North Island as far south as East Cape. *Alcithoe jaculoides — recorded by Powell only from eastern North Island as far south as East Cape, but known to have much broader distribution (A.G. Beu, pers. comm.). Saccostrea glomerata — northern North Island. The Kawerua records of two further species provide valuable biogeographic data: *Plaxiphora (Vaferichiton) murdochi — a new record for a rare chiton, known only from a few west coast North Island (Kawhia to Motutara) and Otago Peninsula localities. *Buccinulum vittatum littorinoides — recorded as being restricted to the Cook Strait area and south. Despite the wide variation in colour pattern of the northern nominate subspecies, these Kawerua specimens' more elongate shape and bluish-grey ground with narrow brown spirals place them in B. vittatum littorinoides. FAUNAL ASSOCIATIONS (Fig. 1) Pelagic The dominant pelagic molluscan remains washed up along the Kawerua coast are the internal shells of the squid Spirula spirula. Sometimes also found in moderate numbers are the violet shell, Janthina janthina and more rarely the calcified shell of the cuttlefish Sepia apama and brood chamber of the octopod Argonauta nodosa. Exposed sandy beach Few molluscs (perhaps juvenile tuatua Paphies subtriangulata and rare toheroa, Paphies ventricosa) appear
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