Initial Environmental Examination MYA: Yangon City Water Resilience Project

Initial Environmental Examination

March 2020

MYA: Yangon City Water Resilience Project

Prepared by the Yangon City Development Committee for the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 10 March 2020)

Currency unit – kyat (MMK) MMK 1.00 = $ 0.00073 $1.00 = MMK 1,366.49

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 day) CC climate change CDIA Cities Development Initiative for Asia COD chemical oxygen demand CSE construction supervision engineer D&B design & build DBO design-build and operate EA environmental assessment ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECD Environmental Conservation Department EDWS Engineering Department Water and Sanitation EHS Environmental Health and Safety EIA environmental impact assessment EMP environmental management plan EQEG Myanmar Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines FS feasibility study GAD Government Administrative Department GIS geographical information system GDP gross domestic product GEF Global Environmental Facility GESIAP gender equity and social inclusion action plan IC implementation consultant ICSS Implementation Consultant Safeguards Specialist IEE initial environmental examination IFC International Finance Corporation IP indigenous people JICA Japanese International Cooperation Agency MLD million liters per day MONREC Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation MWL mean water level NGO non-government organization NRW non-revenue water O & M operations & maintenance PAM project administration manual

PCCD Pollution Control and Cleaning Department PEM PMU ESHS Manager PMU project management unit PPS project preparation study PS pumping station RAP Resettlement Action Plan RCCP reinforced concrete cylinder pipes SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SS suspended solids TA technical assistance TL team leader TOR terms of reference T-N total Nitrogen T-P total phosphorus TSS total suspended solids UCCRTF Urban Climate Change Resilience Trust Fund UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNFCC United Nations Framework on Climate Change UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States Dollar WB World Bank WRWSA Water Resources and Water Supply Agency WS water supply WTP (Drinking) Water Treatment Plant WW wastewater WWTP wastewater treatment plant YCDC Yangon City Development Committee YCWRP Yangon City Water Resilience Project YRG Yangon Region Government

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

အစီရင်ခံစာအကျးချပ် EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Description of the Project Proponent 1 1.2 Endorsement of the IEE 2 1.2.1 Commitment of the Project Proponent 2 1.2.2 Commitment of the IEE Consultant 3 1.3 Rationale and Structure of the Environmental Assessment Process 5 1.4 Purpose of IEE 6 1.5 Report Organization 6 2 POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL & LEGAL FRAMEWORK 7 2.1 ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (2009) 7 2.2 Myanmar National Safeguards Framework 7 2.2.1 Rapid Historical Background 7 2.2.2 Background of Laws and Regulations 7 2.2.3 Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines 8 2.2.4 National EIA Requirements and Framework 11 2.2.5 Sectoral Environmental Laws and Regulations 12 2.2.6 International Agreements 14 2.3 Project Categorization 15 2.3.1 Screening Under the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) 15 2.3.2 Screening under Myanmar EIA Procedure (2019) 15 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 16 3.1 Project Description 16 3.1.1 Project Rationale and Background 16 3.1.2 General Overview of the Project 17 3.1.3 New 818MLD Water intake 17 3.1.4 Pumping Station 20 3.1.5 818MLD Pressure Main Pipeline 21 3.1.6 818MLD Open Channel Tunnel 24 3.1.7 818MLD Gravity Pipeline and Delivery System to Nyaunghnapin 24 3.2 Schedule 28 4 BASELINE SITUATION 29 4.1 Regional Geology, Soils and Seismicity 29 4.2 Climate 30 4.2.1 Rainfall 30 4.2.2 Temperature 31 4.2.3 Wind 32 4.2.4 Humidity 33 4.3 Climate Change 33 4.3.1 Forecasted Trends in Yangon Region 33

4.4 Water Resources 35 4.5 Air Quality 37 4.6 Noise Level Survey 39 4.7 Water Quality 39 4.8 Biological Environment 42 4.9 Protected Areas, Sensitive Ecology and Biodiversity 44 4.10 Social and Cultural Baseline 50 4.10.1 Administrative Organization 50 4.10.2 Population 50 4.10.3 Education in Hlegu Township 51 4.10.4 Public Health 52 4.10.5 Socio-economic survey of Project Area 52 4.10.6 Water supply 53 4.10.7 Sanitation 53 4.10.8 Solid Waste management 53 5 IMPACT ANALYSIS 54 5.1 Methodology 54 5.2 Anticipated Benefits from the Project 55 5.3 Impacts related to Project Location 56 5.3.1 Impacts on Land Acquisition and Resettlement 56 5.3.2 Impacts from Climate Change 58 5.3.3 Impacts on Vegetation 60 5.3.4 Impacts on Cultural Resources 65 5.3.5 Public Utilities 69 5.3.6 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures 74 5.4 Impacts and Mitigation during Construction Stage 81 5.4.1 Solid Waste 81 5.4.2 Hazardous Material and Accidental Spills 83 5.4.3 Emergency Preparedness and Response 85 5.4.4 Soil Resources 85 5.4.5 Water Resources 88 5.4.6 Workers Camps 89 5.4.7 Public Health Management 90 5.4.8 Occupational Health and Safety 90 5.4.9 Air Quality 93 5.4.10 Noise and Vibration 94 5.4.11 Concrete Pipe Fabrication Plan and Concrete Batching Plant. 96 5.4.12 Sourcing of Construction Materials 98 5.4.13 Transport of Materials 98 5.4.14 Traffic and Public Safety 100 5.4.15 Cultural Resources 101 5.4.16 Site Cleaning and Rehabilitation Plan 103 5.4.17 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures 104 5.5 Impacts during Operation Stage 111

5.5.1 Impacts on Urban Environment and Quality of Life 111 5.5.2 Impacts on Water Resources 111 5.5.3 Impact on Water Treatment Plant and Pumping Station 112 5.5.4 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures 112 6 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 115 7 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION 121 7.1 Consultation and Public Participation Process 121 7.2 Consultation Meetings 121 7.2.1 Stakeholder Meeting (on 3rd April 2019) 121 7.2.2 Consultation Meeting (on 28th June 2019) 122 7.3 Public Consultations during December 2019 123 7.4 Future Consultations during Implementation 124 7.5 Disclosure 125 8 GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM 126 8.1 Proposed Mechanism 126 8.2 Implementation Steps and Timeframe 127 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 128 9.1 Purpose and Objectives 128 9.2 Summary of Key Impacts 129 9.3 Institutional Arrangements 129 9.3.1 Overall Organization, Roles and Responsibilities 129 9.3.2 Environmental Staffing Requirements 132 9.3.3 Required Reporting Requirements 132 9.4 Action Plan Prior to Construction Works (PPA) 133 9.4.1 PPA-01: Appointment of the PMU-ESHS Manager (PEM) 133 9.4.2 PPA-02: ESHS Capacity Building of PMU 133 9.4.3 PPA-03: Capacity Building on Health and Safety 133 9.4.4 PPA-04: Preparation of Communication Instruments 134 9.4.5 PPA-05: Preparation of Contractor ESHS Specifications 134 9.4.6 PPA-06: Preparation of Contractor ESHS Management Plan 135 9.5 Action Plan during Construction (PAC) 135 9.5.1 PAC-01: Solid Waste Management 136 9.5.2 PAC-02: Hazardous Substances Management 137 9.5.3 PAC-03: Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan 138 9.5.4 PAC-04: Erosion and Sediment Control 138 9.5.5 PAC-05: Management of Worker Camps 138 9.5.6 PAC-06: Public Health Management Plan 139 9.5.7 PAC-07: Occupational Health and Safety Plan 140 9.5.8 PAC-08: Recruitment and Labor Management 140 9.5.9 PAC-09: Management of Air Quality and Dust 141 9.5.10 PAC-10: Noise and Vibration Management 141 9.5.11 PAC-11: Concrete Plant Management 142 9.5.12 PAC -12 Prior Approval of Sources of Construction Materials 143 9.5.13 PAC-13: Spoil Disposal Management Plan 143

9.5.14 PAC-14: Management of Road Traffic and Site Access 144 9.5.15 PAC-15: Transport of Materials Management. 144 9.5.16 PAC-16: Protection of Cultural Resources 145 9.5.17 PAC-17 ESHS Training Plan 145 9.5.18 PAC-18: ESHS Supervision of Construction Activities 146 9.5.19 PAC-19: Site Cleaning and Rehabilitation Plan 147 9.6 Construction Environmental Quality Monitoring 148 9.6.1 PAC-21: Air Quality and Noise Monitoring (PMU) 148 9.6.2 PAC-22: Water Quality Monitoring (PMU) 148 9.7 Action Plan for Operation stage 149 9.7.1 PAE-01: Water Quality Monitoring 149 9.7.2 PAE-02: Replantation Monitoring 150 9.8 Cost of Environmental Impact Prevention, Mitigation and Monitoring 150 10 CONCLUSIONS 153

List of Annexes Annex 1 Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) 158 Annex 2 Public Consultations 164 Annex 3 ADB Monitoring Template 217

List of Supplementary Appendices Supplementary Appendix 1: Resettlement Plan Supplementary Appendix 2: Climate Change Assessment Supplementary Appendix 3: Air, Noise and Water Quality Survey Report Supplementary Appendix 4: Ngamoeyeik Reservoir Simulation Component

List Figures Figure 1. EIA Process in Myanmar 11 Figure 2. General Implementation of YCWRP Components. 19 Figure 3. Location Map of New Intake, Intake Tunnel and New Pumping Station 21 Figure 4. Location Map of 2,400 mm Pressure Main Pipeline 23 Figure 5. Location Map of 2,700 mm Open-channel Tunnel 25 Figure 6. Location Map of 2,400 mm Gravity Pipeline to Nyaunghnapin WTP 26 Figure 7. Cross-Section of the 614MLD Distribution System 27 Figure 8. Overall Construction Schedule 28 Figure 9. Geological and Tectonic Context of YCWRP Project Area 30 Figure 10. Overview of Average Monthly Rainfall at Ngamoeyeik 31 Figure 11. Monthly Max and Min Temperature in Migaladon 32 Figure 12. Annual Percentage of Humidity in Yangon Region 33 Figure 13. Monsoon Withdrawal in South Myanmar Areas from 1955 to 2015 36 Figure 14. Hourly Concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide in Sampling Stations 38 Figure 15. Hourly Concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide in Sampling Stations 38 Figure 16. Location of Air, Noise and Water Quality Sampling Stations 41 Figure 17: Area of Analysis for rapid critical habitat assessment 45 Figure 18: Hlawga Reservoir National Protected Area Boundary 46 Figure 19: Location of Key Biodiversity Areas 47 Figure 20. Typical Pipeline Construction in Road RoW 56

Figure 21. Long Section of Proposed 818MLD Optimized Transfer Mode 116 Figure 22. Pipeline Route Option 1: Canal Route 117 Figure 23. Pipeline Route Option 2: Mixed Road and Canal Route 118 Figure 24. Pipeline Route Option 3: Road Route 119 Figure 25. Proposed Institutional Arrangement for YCWRP EMP 131

List Tables Table 1. Air Quality 8 Table 2. Site Runoff and Wastewater Discharges (Construction Phase) 8 Table 3. Noise Levels 9 Table 4. National drinking water quality standards 2014 9 Table 5. Applicable Sectoral Laws and Regulations 12 Table 6. International Agreements on Environment, Social and Occupational Safety 14 Table 7. New Climate Change Projections for Yangon Region 33 Table 8. Sea Level Raise Projections for Yangon Coastal Zone (in cm) 34 Table 9. Overview of Reservoir Volumes 36 Table 10. Air Quality Monitoring Results 37 Table 11. Results of Noise Surveys 39 Table 12. Results of Water Quality Survey 40 Table 13. Tree species identified within the project area (3 road sections) 42 Table 14. Hlegu Township Population 51 Table 15. Population in YCWRP Affected Villages 51 Table 16. Impact Assessment Criteria 55 Table 17. Climate Risk and Adaptation Assessment 59 Table 18. Climate Change Adaptation Measures 59 Table 19. Climate Mitigation Measures 60 Table 20. Distribution of Tree Cutting per Road Section and Trunk Diameter cm) 62 Table 21. Distribution of Affected Trees per Villages 63 Table 22. List of Cultural Resources Impacted 65 Table 23. Public Utilities impacted along Pipeline Route 70 Table 24. Summary of Impacts related to Project Components Location 75 Table 25. Reference Noise Levels of Various Construction Equipment in dBA 95 Table 26. Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures related to Project Construction 105 Table 27. Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Project Operation 113 Table 28. Summary of Comparative Route Assessment 116 Table 29. Summary of YCWRP Key Impacts 129 Table 30. Indicative Staffing 132 Table 31. Reporting Requirements 132 Table 32. Environmental Monitoring for Air and Noise 148 Table 33. Required Parameters for Quarterly Monitoring 149 Table 34. Budget for EMP Implementation 151

အစီရင်ခံစာအကျးချပ်

- 1 ၁။ စီမံကိန်းအေကာင်း လဦးေရ (၅.၂) သန်းခန် ့ ေနထိင်သည့် ရန်ကန်မိသည် ြမန်မာိင်ငံ၏ အကီးဆံးမိ င် ့ စီးပွားေရးအချက်အချာေနရာတစ်ခြဖစ်ကာ ရန်ကန်တိင်းေဒသကီး၏ မိေတာ် ြဖစ်သည်။ သိရာတွင့် ရန်ကန်မိေတာ်၏ လက်ိေရေပးေဝေရးစနစ်သည် အိမ်ေထာင်စများအနက် ၄၀% ကိသာ လမ်းြခံေထာက်ပံ့ေပးိင်ပီး၊ မိလာစနစ်မာလဲ ၁% ခန်ကိသာ့ ဝန်ေဆာင်မေပးိင် သည့်အတွက် ေရေပးေဝေရးင် ့ သန်င်းေရးစနစ်၏့ အေြခခံ အေဆာက်အအံးများကိ အလျင်အြမန် အဆင်ြမ့ င်တင်ရန့် လိအပ်ေနပါသည်။

2 ၂။ ရန်ကန်မိေတာ်စည်ပင်သာယာေရးေကာ်မတီက မိေနြပည်သများသိ ့ လက်ိ ြဖန်ေဝေနသည့့် ေရ၏ ၆၆% ခန်မာ့ ငမိးရိပ်ဆည်ေရေပးစနစ်မ သွယ်ယထားြခင်းြဖစ်သည်။ ငမိးရိပ်ဆည်မ တစ်ေနလင့် ေရဂါလံ (၁၃၅) သန်းခန်ကိ့ ဟင်းလင်းပွင်တးေြမာင်းြဖင့် ့ ေညာင်စ်ပင်ေရသန်စက်ံင့် ့ ေအာင်တံခွန်ေရသန်စက်ံသိ့ ့ ေပးပိေနပီး၊့ ယင်းတးေြမာင်း၏ အဓိကအပိင်းသည် စိက်ပျိးေရး၊ ေမွးြမေရးင် ့ ဆည်ေြမာင်းဝန်ကီးဌာန၏ ထိန်းချပ်မေအာက်တွင် ိပါသည်။ ဟင်းလင်းပွင် ့ တးေြမာင်းစနစ်သည် ေရေငွ ြပန်ြခင်း၊ ေရစိမ့်ြခင်း၊ ညစ်ညမ်းပစည်းများဝင်ေရာက်ိင်ြခင်းတိေကာင့် ့ ထိခိက်လွယ်ပီး၊ ေရေပးေဝေရးအာဏာပိင် အဖွဲတွင်လည်း ေရြဖန်ေဝေရးစနစ်အား့ အြပည့်အဝ ထိန်းချပ်ိင်မမိြခင်းေကာင် ့ ေရည်တွင် ကံ့ကံ့ခံိင်ဖွယ်မိပါ။ သိြဖစ်ပါ၍့ ရန်ကန်မိေတာ် စည်ပင်သာယာေရးေကာ်မတီ၏ စီမံခန်ခွဲမြဖင့် ့ လံြခံစိတ်ချရေသာ အလံပိတ် ေရပိက်လိင်းစနစ် တစ်ခတည်ေထာင်ရန် အေရးတကီး လိအပ်ေနပါသည်။

3 ၃။ ဤစီမံကိန်းသည် ငမိးရိပ်ဆည်မ တစ်ေနလင့် ေရဂါလံ (၁၈၀) သန်းအား ေညာင်စ်ပင် ေရသန်စင်စက်ံ့ (၃၄ ကီလိမီတာခန်အကွာိ့ ) သိ ့ ပိလတ်ိင်စွမ်းိမည့့် အချင်း ၂၄၀၀ မီလီမီတာိ ကွန်ကရစ်ေရပိက်လိင်း စနစ်တစ်ခကိ တည်ေဆာက်သွားမည် ြဖစ်ပါသည်။ ဤစနစ်တွင် ငမိးရိပ် ဆည်၌ ေရယအေဆာက်အဦးသစ် တစ်ခင် ့ ယင်းင် ့ ၀.၉ ကီလိမီတာခန်အကွာ၌့ ေရတွန်းစက်ံ တစ်ံတိ ့ ပါဝင်ပါမည်။ ဤစနစ်သည် အာဖွံ ဖိးေရးဘဏ်မ ေချးေငွေထာက်ပံရန့် ေြပာကားထား ပီးေသာ စီမံကိန်းပထမအဆင် ့ ြဖစ်ပါသည်။ စီမံကိန်းဒတိယအဆင်အေနြဖင့် ့ ေညာင်စ်ပင်စခန်း၌ ေရတွန်းစက်အသစ်များ ထပ်မံတည်ေဆာက်ြခင်းင် ့ ေအာင်တံခွန်ေရတွန်းစက်ံဆီသိ ့ ပိက်လိင်း

သွယ်တန်းြခင်းလပ်ငန်းများ ေဆာင်ရွက်ိင်ဖွယ်ိပီး စီမံကိန်း ဒတိယအဆင်တွင့် အနာဂတ်ကာလ၌ ေဆာင်ရွက်မည့် အစီအစ၏ အစိတ်အပိင်းတစ်ခြဖစ်ေသာ ေလာ်ကားကန်ိ ေရြဖန်ေဝြခင်း့ ဆိင်ရာလပ်ငန်းများအား အဆင်ြမ့ င်တင်ြခင်းလပ်ငန်းများဆက်လက်ေဆာင်ရွက်ိင်ဖွယ်များ့ ိိင်ပါသည်။

4 ၄။ လက်ိေချးေငွြဖင်ေဆာင်ရွက်မည့့် စီမံကိန်းတွင် ေအာက်ပါလပ်ငန်းများ ပါဝင်ပါမည် -

. တစ်ေနလင့် ေရဂါလံ (၁၈၀) သန်း ပိလတ်ေပးိင်မည့့် ေရလတ်ပန်ပါဝင်ေသာ ေရယအေဆာက် အဦးအသစ်

. တစ်ေနလင့် ေရဂါလံ (၁၈၀) သန်း တွန်းတင်ေပးိင်မည့် ေရတွန်းစက်ံ

. (၁၇.၁) ကီလိမီတာ ည်လျားပီး၊ အချင်း (၂၄၀၀) မီလီမီတာိ ဖိအားြမင် ့ ပင်မေရပိက်လိင်း

. (၂) ကီလိမီတာည်လျားပီး၊ အချင်း (၂၇၀၀) မီလီမီတာိ တစ်ေနလင့် ေရဂါလံ (၁၈၀) သန်း ပိလတ်ေပးိင်မည့့် ဟင်းလင်းပွင်ေရလတ်ပန့်

. ေညာင်စ်ပင်သိ ့ သွယ်တန်းမည့် (၁၃.၉) ကီလိမီတာအည်၊ အချင်း (၂၄၀၀) မီလီမီတာိသည့် တစ်ေနလင့် ေရဂါလံ (၁၈၀) သန်း သွယ်ပိိင်ေသာ့ ကမာဆွဲအား(gravity) သံးပိက်လိင်း

. ေညာင်စ်ပင်တွင် တစ်ေနလင့် ေရဂါလံ (၁၃၅) သန်းသွယ်ပိိင်ေသာ့ ေရေပးေဝစနစ်။

- 5 ၅။ ကနဦးပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆန်းစစ်ြခင်း ဤကနဦးပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆန်းစစ်ေရးလပ်ငန်းတွင် ေရပိလတ့် သယ်ယေရး ဆိင်ရာ တည်ေဆာက်ေရးလပ်ငန်းများင် ့ ေရပိလတ်သယ်ယြခင်း့ လပ်ငန်းများေကာင် ့ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်အေပ သက်ေရာက်မများကိ ဆန်းစစ်ထားသည်။ ကနဦးဆန်းစစ်ြခင်းအစီရင်ခံစာတွင် စီမံကိန်းဒီဇိင်းေရးဆွဲေရးအဆင်၊့ တည်ေဆာက်ေရးအဆင်င့် ့ လပ်ငန်းလည်ပတ်သည့်အဆင် ့ များတွင် ထည့်သွင်းစးစား၍ ေြဖင်းေပးရမည့် ြပဿနာရပ်များကိ သတ်မတ်ေဖာ်ထတ်ထားပီး၊ ြဖစ်ေပ ိင်ဖွယ်ိေသာ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ထိခိက်မများကိ ောင်ားရန်၊ အနိမ်ဆံးြဖစ်ေစရန်င့် ့ ေလျာပါး့ သက်သာေစရန် နည်းလမ်းများကိ တင်ြပထားပါသည်။

6 ၆။ ဤကနဦးပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆန်းစစ်ြခင်း (IEE) အစီရင်ခံစာကိ အာဖွံ ဖိးေရးဘဏ်၏ ေဘးကင်း လံြခံေရး ဆိင်ရာ မဝါဒ (SPS-၂၀၀၉) င် ့ အညီ ြပစထားပီး၊ ြမန်မာိင်ငံ၏ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ထိခိက်မ ဆန်းစစ်ြခင်းဆိင်ရာလပ်ထံးလပ်နည်း (၂၀၁၅) ကိလည်း လိက်နာေဆာင်ရွက်ထားသည်။ အာ ဖွံ ဖိးေရးဘဏ်၏ ေဘးကင်းလံြခံေရးဆိင်ရာမဝါဒ (၂၀၀၉) အရ အာဖွံ ဖိးေရးဘဏ်ကလည်း ဤစီမံကိန်းကိ ကနဦးစိစစ်ထားပီးြဖစ်ရာ၊ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်စီမံခန်ခွဲမအစီအစ့ (EMP) ပါဝင်ေသာ ကနဦးပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆန်းစစ်ြခင်းလပ်ငန်းေဆာင်ရွက်ရန် လိအပ်သည့် အမျိးအစား (ခ) စီမံကိန်း အြဖစ် သတ်မတ်ထားပါသည်။ ဤစီမံကိန်းသည် ြမန်မာိင်ငံ၏ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် ထိခိက်မ ဆန်းစစ် ြခင်း ဆိင်ရာ လပ်ထံးလပ်နည်း (၂၀၁၅) အရ ကနဦးပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆန်းစစ်ြခင်း (IEE) ြပလပ်ရန် လိအပ်သည့် စီမံကိန်းအမျိးအစားအြဖစ် သတ်မတ်ခံရပါသည်။

7 ၇။ ဤ IEE အစီရင်ခံစာသည် ၂၀၁၈ ခစ် သဂတ်လမ ၂၀၁၉ ခစ် ဇလိင်လအတွင်း ေဆာင်ရွက် ခဲ့သည့် ကွင်းဆင်းလပ်ငန်းများင် ့ စစ်ေဆးေရးလပ်ငန်းများကိ အေြခခံ၍ ြပင်ဆင်ထားပီး၊ ပိက်လိင်းသွယ်တန်းမည့် လမ်းေကာင်းင် ့ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ိ ေြမယာအေြခအေနတိကိလည်း့ ဆန်းစစ် ထားသည်။ ထတ်ြပန် ထားေသာ သတင်းအချက်အလက်များင် ့ အွန်လိင်းသတင်း အချက်အလက် များကိ ြပန်လည်သံးသပ်၍ လပ်ငန်းေဆာင်ရွက်မည့်ေနရာင် ့ တည်ေနရာတိကိလည်း့ စစ်ေဆးထား သည်။ အာဖွံ ဖိးေရးဘဏ်၊ ရန်ကန်မိေတာ် စည်ပင်သာယာေရးေကာ်မတီ၊ သယံဇာတင် ့ သဘာဝ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် ထိန်းသိမ်းေရးဝန်ကီးဌာန လက်ေအာက်ိ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ထိန်းသိမ်းေရးဦးစီးဌာန၊ ငါးလပ်ငန်းဦးစီးဌာနတိမ့ တိင်းေဒသကီး အဆင် ့ အရာိများအား ေတွဆံခဲ့သည်။ ရန်ကန်မိေတာ် စည်ပင်သာယာေရးေကာ်မတီင် ့ အကံေပးအဖွဲတိ ့ ပးေပါင်း၍ ကနဦးတိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးပွဲများ ကိလည်း စီစြပလပ်ခဲ့သည်။ အဓိကေတွ ိချက်များအား ေအာက်ပါအတိင်း အကျးချပ်ေဖာ်ြပ ထားပါသည်-

- 8 ၈။ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆိင်ရာ အကျိးေကျးဇးများ ဤစီမံကိန်း၏ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆိင်ရာ အဓိကအကျိးေကျး ဇးမာ ညစ်ညမ်းပစည်းများဝင်ေရာက်လွယ်ေသာ ဟင်းလင်းပွင်တးေြမာင်းစနစ်အား့ လံြခံစိတ်ချ ရေသာ ပိက်လိင်းစနစ်ြဖင် ့ အစားထိးိင်ြခင်းြဖစ်သည်။ ဤနည်းအားြဖင် ့ ငမိးရိပ်ဆည်မ ေရအရင်း အြမစ်ကိ မလအရည်အေသွး မေလျာကျေစဘဲ့ ေညာင်စ်ပင်ေရသန်စက်ံသိ့ ့ ေပးပိိင်မည်ြဖစ်သည်။့

ပိက်လိင်းစနစ်ြဖင် ့ လက်ိဆံးံးမ ၃၀% ခန်ိေနသည့့် ေရဆံးံးမကိ ၀% နီးပါးအထိ ေလာချ့ ေပးပါ လိမ့်မည်။ ေရသန်စင်စက်ံင့် ့ ေရတွန်းစက်ံတွင် ရင်းီးြမပ်ံမများ ထပ်မံြပလပ်ပီး ချိန်တွင် ဤေရပိက်လိင်းစနစ်သည် ရန်ကန်မိေနြပည်သများအတွက် ထပ်တိးေရေပးေဝမများကိ ြပလပ်ေပးိင်ပါလိမ့်မည်။

- 9 ၉။ သက်ေရာက်ခံရသည့် ြပည်သများအတွက် အကျိးေကျးဇးများ ေရအားလံးကိ ရန်ကန်မိသိ ့ သွယ်ပိမည့် ြဖစ်သည့်အတွက်၊ ပိက်လိင်းြဖတ်သန်းသွားမည့် ေကျးရွာများသည် ဤေရပိက်လိင်း စနစ်မ တိက်ိက်အကျိးေကျးဇး ခံစားရမည်မဟတ်ပါ။ သိရာတွင့် ဤစီမံကိန်းမ ပိက်လိင်း လမ်းေကာင်းတစ်ေလာက်ိ ေကျးရွာများတွင် လမ်းေဘးေရတ်ေြမာင်းများ တိးတက်လာေစြခင်း င် ့ သွားလာေရးလွယ်ကေစြခင်းတိ ့ ြဖစ်ေစပါမည်။ ထိအြပင့် ဤစီမံကိန်းတွင် ေဒသခံြပည်သများ၏ လိအပ်ချက်များင်အညီ့ တိင်ပင်ေဆာင်ရွက်မည့် ေဒသခံြပည်သများအတွက် အေြခခံအေဆာက်အဦး တိးတက်ေရးအစီအစ တစ်ခ (အေမရိကန်ေဒလာ တစ်သန်းခန်)့ ပါဝင်မည်ြဖစ်သည်။ ေကျးရွာိ ြပည်သများသည် ပးေပါင်းပါဝင်ေသာလပ်ငန်းစြဖင် ့ စီမံကိန်းမ အေကာင်အထည်ေဖာ် ေဆာင်ရွက် ေပးမည့် ဖွံ ဖိးေရးလပ်ငန်းများကိ သတ်မတ်ေဖာ်ထတ်၍ ဦးစားေပးေရွးချယ်ိင်စွမ်း ိပါလိမ့်မည်။ တည်ေဆာက်ေရးလပ်ငန်းများတွင်လည်း ကမ်းကျင်မနည်းပါးသည့် ေဒသခံလပ်သားများအတွက် အလပ်အကိင်အခွင်အလမ်းများ့ ေထာက်ပံ့ေပးြခင်းအားြဖင် ့ ေဒသခံများ၏ ဝင်ေငွကိ တိးတက်ေစ ပါလိမ့်မည်။

- 10 ၁၀။ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆိင်ရာ င်းလင်းေဖာ်ြပချက် ဤစီမံကိန်းဧရိယာ၏ အချိေနရာများသည် စပါးစိက်ပျိး ရန် ေဖာ်ထတ်ထားေသာ ေြမြပန်လွင်ြပင်များ့ ပါဝင်သည်။၄င်းေနရာများသည် YCDC ပိင်လမ်းနယ်နိမိတ်င် ့ ေဆာက်လပ်ေရးဝန်ကီးဌာနပိင် လမ်းနယ်နိမိတ်အတွင်း၌ စိက်ပျိးထားသည့် ေနရာများ ြဖစ်ပါသည်။ စပါးကိ မိးေရြဖင်သာ့ အဓိက စိက်ပျိး ေသာ်လည်း၊ အနိမ့်ပိင်းနယ်ေြမများတွင် ေရသွင်းစိက်ပျိးနည်းစနစ်ကိလည်း အသံးြပကသည်။ ဤေဒသတွင် သစ်ေတာ၊ သစ်ပင်ဖံးလမ်းမ မိဘဲ၊ ထင်းအတွက်သာ အသံးြပိင်သည့် သစ်ပင် ငယ်များ၊ ြခံများင် ့ လမ်းေဘးတစ်ေလာက် စိက်ခင်းများကိ ေတွ ိရသည်။

11 ၁၁။ စီမံကိန်းဧရိယာသည် ေြမာင်းတးြခင်းင် ့ လိဏ်ေခါင်းအပိင်းများ တးေဖာက်ြခင်းအတွက် ေြမတး လပ်ငန်းလွယ်ကစွာေဆာင်ရွက်ိင်သည့်

ဘမိအနည်ကျေြမလာများတွင် လံးဝ ကျေရာက် တည်ိေန သည်။ ေရယအေဆာက်အဦးေနရာသစ်သည် YCDC ၏ လက်ိ ေရယအေဆာက်အဦးေနရာင် ့ ကပ်လျက်တွင် တည်ိပါမည် (ေဆွးေွးထားပီး)။ ငမိးရိပ်ဆည်၏ ဤအပိင်းမာ သွားလာေရး လွယ်ကပီး၊ ေွရာသီ ကန်သည်အထိ ေြခာက်ေသွေနကာ၊ တည်ေဆာက်ေရးလပ်ငန်းများကိလည်း ဆည်၏ အြခားေနရာ အပိင်းများမ လွယ်ကစွာြဖင် ့ သီးြခားခွဲေဆာင်ရွက်ိင်ပါသည်။

- 12 ၁၂။ ရာသီဥတေြပာင်းလဲမ ရာသီဥတမာ အပပိင်းေဒသရာသီဥတြဖစ်ပီး၊ ေရေငွများပါသည်။ စ်စ ေမလမ ေအာက်တိဘာလအထိ (၆) လခန် ကာလအတွင်း့ စိစွတ်ေသာ မတ်သန်ရာသီဟ၍ သီးသန် ့ ိပီး၊ ကျန်လများတွင် မိးရွာသွန်းမ မိသေလာက်နည်းပါးသည်။ ြမန်မာတစ်ိင်ငံလံးအတွက် ရာသီဥတ ေြပာင်းလဲမဆိင်ရာ ေယဘယျေလ့လာမများင် ့ ရန်ကန်ေဒသအတွက် အထးြပ ေလ့လာမ များကိ ြပန်လည်သံးသပ်ချက်အရ ေအာက်ပါတိကိ့ ေတွ ိခန်မန်းထားသည့် -

. ပိမိြပင်းထန်၍ မကာခဏ ဆိင်ကလန်းမန်တိင်းင် ့ ေလြပင်းများတိက်ြခင်း။

. အပချိန် ြမင်တက်မည်ဟ့ ေမာ်မန်းထားသည်။ ဤရာစစ်အကန် (၂၁၀၀ ြပည့်စ်) တွင် ° ° ရန်ကန်မိ၏ စ်စအြမင်ဆံးအပချိန်သည့် ၂.၃-၃.၈ C (RCP 4.5) သိမဟတ့် ၃.၃-၄.၁ C (RCP 8.5) အထိ ြမင်တက်မည်ဟ့ ခန်မန်းထားသည်။့ အလွန်ပြပင်းေသာ ရက်အေရအတွက် ° (၃၉.၃ C င်အထက့် ) သည်လည်း လက်ိတွင် တစ်လလင် တစ်ရက် (ဧပီလ) သာ ိရာမ၊ ၂၀၄၀ ြပည့်စ်တွင် တစ်လလင် (၃) ရက်မ (၆) ရက်သိလည်းေကာင်း၊့ (၂၀၇၀) ြပည့်စ်တွင် တစ်လလင် (၇) ရက်မ (၁၄) ရက်သိလည်းေကာင်း့ ပိများလာမည်ဟ ခန်မန်းထားသည်။့ အပဆံး ေနရက်အေရအတွက့် တိးလာြခင်းေကာင် ့ အများြပည်သကျန်းမာေရး၊ လပ်စစ်ဓါတ် အား သံးစွဲမင် ့ ေရသွင်းစိက်ပျိးရန် လိအပ်ချက်များအေပ သက်ေရာက်မိလာပါလိမ်မည်။့

. မိးရွာချိန် မမန်ြခင်းင် ့ စံချိန်တင်မိးသည်းထန်စွာ ရွာြခင်းတိအပါအဝင့် မိးေရချိန်မာ အေြပာင်း အလဲ ပိမိများြပားလာမည်။ ြမန်မာိင်ငံသည် စ်စစ်တိင်း မိးသည်းထန်မများကိ ကံေတွ ေနရသည်။ ရန်ကန်ေဒသ၏ မိးရွာသွန်းမပံစံတစ်ခမာ အချိန်တိအတွင်း အလွန်သည်းထန်စွာ ရွာသွန်းြခင်း ြဖစ်ပီး၊ ရန်ကန်မိလယ်တွင် ေရကီးရသည့် အဓိကအေကာင်းရင်း တစ်ချက် လည်း ြဖစ်သည်။

. မတ်သန်ဝင်ေရာက်ချိန်ေနာက်ကျြခင်းင် ့ ဆတ်ခွါချိန်ေစာြခင်းသည် ပံမန်မတ်သန်ရာသီချိန် ပိမိတိေတာင်းလာြခင်းကိ ဆိလိပီး၊ စိက်ပျိးသီးံအများစအတွက် အနည်းဆံးိရမည့် စိက်ပျိး ချိန် ရက်ေပါင်း (၁၃၀) ေအာက် ေရာက်ိေနပါသည်။ ထိအြပင့် မိးေရချိန်ဆက်တိက်တိးလာေန ြခင်းကိ အပိင်ထည့်သွင်းစးစားပါက မိးရာသီကာလတိေတာင်းလာသည်င်အမ့ မိးရွာသွန်းမ မာ ပိမိသည်းထန်လာေကာင်း ဆိလိေနပါသည်။ မိးရာသီတိေတာင်းလာြခင်းမာ ေြခာက်ေသွရာ သီ ပိမိကျယ်ြပန်ည်လျားလာြခင်းပင်ြဖစ်ေသာေကာင့် ့ ေြခာက်ေသွရာသီ ကန်ဆံးချိန်တွင် ေရသွင်းြခင်းင် ့ ေရေပးေဝြခင်းတိေကာင့် ့ ေရအရင်းအြမစ်စီမံခန်ခွဲေရးအေပ့ သက်ေရာက်မ များ ပိမိိလာပါသည်။

. ပင်လယ်ေရမျက်ာြပင်မာ (၂၀၂၀ )ြပည့်စ်လွန်စ်များ (၂၀၂၀ မ ၂၀၂၉ ခစ်အတွင်း) တွင် (၅)စင်တီမီတာမ (၁၃) စင်တီမီတာအထိလည်းေကာင်း၊ (၂၀၅၀)ြပည့်စ်လွန်စ်များတွင် (၂၀ ) မ (၄၁) စင်တီမီတာအထိလည်းေကာင်း၊ (၂၀၈၀ )ြပည့်စ်လွန်စ်များတွင် (၃၇ မ ၈၃) စင်တီ မီတာအထိ လည်းေကာင်း ပိမိြမင်တက်လာမည်ဟ့ ခန်မန်းထားပါသည့် (ပင်လယ်ေရ မျက်ာ ြပင်သည် ၁၂၂ စင်တီမီတာအထိပင် ြမင်တက်လာိင်ပါသည့် )။

1 13 ၁၃။ အာဖွံ ဖိးေရးဘဏ်က AWARE tool ကိ အသံးြပ၍ ေဆာင်ရွက်ခဲ့ေသာ ကနဦးရာသီဥတ ဆန်းစစ်ချက်အရ၊ ဤစီမံကိန်းတွင် ရာသီဥတေြပာင်းလဲမေကာင် ့ ဆံးံးိင်ေြခ (risk) အနိမ့်မ အလယ်အလတ်အထိ ိိင်ေကာင်း ေဖာ်ြပေနသည်။ ထိဆံးံးိင်ေြခများမာ

1 AWARE ဆိသည်မာ စီမံကိန်းများတွင် ရာသီဥတေကာင့် ဆံးံးိင်ေြခများကိ စိစစ်ရန်အတွက် အာဖွံ ဖိးေရးဘဏ်၏ စီမံကိန်းအဖွဲများက အသံးြပေနသည့် အွန်လိင်းနည်းလမ်းတစ်ခြဖစ်သည်။

ဤနည်းလမ်းတွင် ေယဘယျထတ်ြပန်ထားသည့် အချက်အလက်ပံစံ ၁၆ ခမ အချက်အလက်များင့်

အပချိန်ြမင်တက်ြခင်း၊့ ေတာမီး၊ဝင်ိးစွန်းေအးခဲမ၊ပင်လယ်ေရခဲြပင်၊ေရရိိင်မ၊ရွာသွန်းမေြပာင်းလဲြခင်း၊ ေရကီးြခင်း၊ င်းကျြခင်း၊ အပပိင်းေဒသ မန်တိင်းများ၊ ေြမပိမများစသည့် အချက်အလက်စနစ် (data base)

များမ အချက်အလက်များကိ အသံးြပသည်။ ဤနည်းလမ်းြဖင့် စိစစ်သည့် စီမံကိန်းတိင်း အတွက် / / ရာသီဥတေကာင့် ဆံးံးိင်ေြခကိ နိမ့် အလယ်အလတ် ြမင်မားဟ၍့ ြခံငံအဆင်သတ်မတ်ေပးြခင်း၊့ အဓိကဆံးံးိင်ေြခိသည့် နယ်ပယ်များ၊ ဆက်လက်ေဆာင်ရွက်ရမည့် လပ်ငန်းများကိ

လမ်းန်ေပးရန်အတွက် ြဖစ်ေပ ိင်ေသာ သက်ေရာက်မများင့် လိက်ေလျာညီေထွေြပာင်းလဲေရး လပ်ငန်းများကိ ေဖာ်ြပေပးသည်။

အဓိကအားြဖင် ့ ကွင်းြပင် ဧရိယာများတွင် တည်ေဆာက်မများ (ငမိးရိပ်ဆည်ေအာက်ိ ေရတွန်းစက်ံင် ့ ေညာင် စ်ပင် ေရသန်စင်စက်ံ့ ) အား ေရလမ်းမိးိင်ြခင်းင် ့ ဆက်စပ်ေနပါသည်။ သိြဖစ်၍့ စီမံကိန်း ဒီဇိင်းတွင် အဆိပါ ေရတွန်းစက်ံင် ့ ေရသန်စင်စက်ံများိ့ အေဆာက်အဦးများ၏ ကမ်းြပင်ကိ ြမင်ထားရန့် ထည့်သွင်းေရးဆွဲထားသည်။

14 ၁၄။ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ထိခိက်မများင် ့ ေလျာ့ပါးေစေရးနည်းလမ်းများ -

ကနဦးပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆန်းစစ်ြခင်း ေဆာင်ရွက်ရာတွင် စီမံကိန်းတည်ေနရာ၊ တည်ေဆာက်ြခင်းင် ့ လပ်ငန်းလည်ပတ်ြခင်းတိေကာင့် ့ ြဖစ်ေပလာိင်သည့် သက်ေရာက်မအားလံးကိ ြပန်လည်သံးသပ်ထားပါသည်။ ထိေနာက့် သတ်မတ် ေဖာ် ထတ်ထားသည့် ဆိးကျိးသက်ရာက်မတစ်ခချင်းစီအား ောင်ားိင်မည့်/အနိမ့်ဆံးြဖစ်ေစမည့်/ ေလျာပါးေစေရး့ ကစားေပးိင်မည့် နည်းလမ်းများကိ အဆိြပထားသည်။ သတ်မတ်ေဖာ်ထတ် ထားသည့် ဆိးကျိးသက်ေရာက်မ အများစမာ ပိက်လိင်းြဖတ်သန်းမည့် ေကျးရွာများမ ြပည်သများ အား တည်ေဆာက်ေရးလပ်ငန်းေဆာင်ရွက်စအတွင်း ယာယီအားြဖင် ့ အောင်အယက်ြဖစ်ေစ့ ိင်ြခင်းင် ့ ဆက်စပ်ေနပါ သည်။ အဓိကအားြဖင် ့ အများပိင်လမ်းများတစ်ေလာက်တွင် ေြမတး လပ်ငန်းများ ေဆာင်ရွက်ြခင်းေကာင် ့ ြဖစ်ေပသည့် ဆညံမ၊ ဖန်မန်င့် ့ အများြပည်သ ေဘး အရာယ် ကင်းင်းေရးကိစရပ်များင် ့ ယာသွားလာမ ကန်သတ်ြခင်း့ ကိစရပ်များြဖစ်ကသည်။

15 ၁၅။ ေရတွန်းစက်ံကိ YCDC လမ်းတစ်ေလာက်ိ YCDC မပိင်ဆိင်သည့် ေြမေပတွင် တည် ေဆာက်ပါမည်။ တည်ေဆာက်မည့်ေနရာမာ အပင်ေပါက်ေရာက်ေနြခင်းမိသည့် ေြမြပန် ့ ြဖစ်ပီး၊ တည်ေဆာက်ေရးလပ်ငန်းအတွက် ချးကပ်လမ်းေဖာက်လပ်ရန်င် ့ သစ်ေတာင်းလင်းခတ်ထွင်ရန် မလိအပ်ပါ။

16 ၁၆။ ပိက်လိင်းကိ လမ်းမျက်ာြပင်င်လွတ်ကင်းသည့့် လမ်းနယ်နမိတ် (ROW) အတွင်း ထားိ သွယ်တန်း ပါမည်။ လမ်းနယ်နမိတ်ြပင်ပိ ေြမယာအေြခအေနမာ လယ်ကွင်းများင် ့ လေနကျဲပါး ေသာ ေကျးရွာနယ်ေြမများ ေရာောေနသည်။ ကွင်းြပင်အတွင်း ေရကီးမကိ ောင်ားိင်ရန် အတွက် လမ်းများ၏ မျက်ာြပင်ကိ မီတာအနည်းငယ်ြမင်တင်ထားသည်။့ ပိက်လိင်းလမ်းေကာင်း တွင် ေဂဟစနစ်အရ ထိလွယ်သည့် သိမဟတ့် ထးြခားေသာ သဘာဝ သွင်ြပင်များကိ မေတွ ိရပါ။

- 17 ၁၇။ လမ်းေဘးသစ်ပင်များအေပ သက်ေရာက်မများ လမ်းနယ်နမိတ်အတွင်း ပိက်လိင်းသွယ်တန်းြခင်း အတွက် ပိက်လိင်းလမ်းေကာင်းတစ်ေလာက်ိ လမ်းေဘးတစ်ဖက်တွင် စိက်ပျိးထားေသာ သစ်ပင် များကိ ခတ်လဲရန် လိအပ်ပါမည်။ IEE ေလ့လာမအရ၊ ခတ်လဲရမည့် သစ်ပင်( ၂၉၀၀ )ပင် သတ်မတ်ထားရာ၊ ေဒသခံများအတွက် စိးရိမ်မြဖစ်ေပေစမည်ဟ ေမာ်မန်းထားသည်။ ပိက်လိင်း လမ်းေကာင်း တစ်ေလာက်ိ သစ်ပင်များအားလံးသည် ိင်ငံေတာ်ပိင်ြဖစ်ေကာင်း သစ်ေတာဦးစီး ဌာနက ြပန်ကားထားပါသည်။ သစ်ေတာဦးစီးဌာနသည် ထိခိက်ခံရမည့် သစ်ပင်အေရအတွက်ကိ တရားဝင် စိစစ်မည်ြဖစ်ပီး၊ လပ်ငန်းအေကာင်အထည်ေဖာ်ေရး ကန်ထိက်တာသည် ထိသစ်ပင် များအား ဖယ်ားစွန်ပစ်ရန့် တာဝန်ယရပါမည်။ ပိက်လိင်းတည်ေဆာက်ြခင်းလပ်ငန်းေကာင် ့ လမ်း ေဘး တစ်ဖက်ိ သစ်ပင်ကီးများဆံးံးမည်ြဖစ်သည့်အတွက် လမ်းတစ်ေလာက် အသွင်အြပင်ကိ ကာလလတ် အတွင်း ထိခိက်မြဖစ်ေစပါမည်။ သိရာတွင့် ခတ်လဲပီးသည့်သစ်ပင်များင် ့ ကပ်လျက်ိေသာ ေနရာများတွင် သစ်ပင်ေပါင်း ၆၀၀၀ (ခတ်လဲလိက်ေသာ သစ်ပင်တစ်ပင်အတွက် အသစ်စ်ပင်န်းြဖင်)့ စိက်ပျိးြခင်းအားြဖင် ့ ဤထိခိက်မကိ ေလျာပါးေစပါမည်။့ ြပန်လည်စိက်ပျိး သည့် အပင်များ ပိမိ င်သန်ကီးထွားေစေရးအတွက် သင်ေတာ်ေသာ့ ရာသီချိန်တွင် ြပန်လည် စိက်ပျိးမည် ြဖစ်သည်။ စိက်ပျိးလိက်သည့် အပင်များ င်သန်ေရးင် ့ အရွယ်ေရာက်သည်အထိ ကီးြပင်းိင်ေရးအတွက် စိက်ပျိးပီးေနာက်ပိင်းတွင် အရည်အေသွးြမင်မားစွာြဖင့် ့ ထိန်းသိမ်း ေစာင်ောက်ေပးရန့် လိအပ်ပါမည်။ တည်ေဆာက်ေရးလပ်ငန်းပီးစီးချိန်တွင် လမ်းပိင်းအလိက် အပင်စိက်ပျိးြခင်း လပ်ငန်းကိ တတ်ိင်သမ ပီးစီးရမည်ြဖစ်ေသာေကာင် ့ စိက်ပျိးပီးေနာက်ပိင်း ထိန်းသိမ်း ေစာင်ောက်ြခင်း့ အစီအစကိ တည်ေဆာက်ေရးလပ်ငန်း ေဆာင်ရွက်စအတွင်း စတင် ပါမည်။

18 ၁၈။ ေဆာက်လပ်ေရးပစည်းများင် ့ တးဖိေြမသယ်ယပိ့ ေဆာင်ြခင်း့ -

တည်ေဆာက်ေရးကာလအတွင်း သယ်ယပိေဆာင်ေရးလမ်းေကာင်းတစ်ေလာက်တွင့် ယာသွားလာမ တိးလာပါမည်။ အဓိက သယ်ယ ပိေဆာင်ရန့် လိအပ်ချက်တွင် အဂေတ (ကား ၂၅၀၀ စီး)၊ ပိက်လံးများ (ကား ၇၀၀၀ စီး)င် ့ တးထတ်လိက်ေသာ ေြမကီးများ (ကား ၂၀၀၀၀ စီး) တိပါဝင်ကသည်။့ ထိပစည်းများကိ (၁၅ ) တန်မ ( ၂၀ ) တန်အထိ သယ်ေဆာင်ိင်သည့် ထရပ်ကားများြဖင် ့ ပိေဆာင်ပါမည်။့ IEE အစီရင်ခံစာ တွင် ပိက်လိင်း သွယ်တန်းမည့် လမ်းေကာင်းင် ့ တတ်ိင်သမ အနီးကပ်ဆံး ေနရာများတွင် ပိက်လံးများ ထတ်လပ်ရန်င် ့ တးထတ်လိက်ေသာ ေြမကီးများအား တည်ေဆာက်ေရး လပ်ငန်းခွင် င် ့ နီးကပ်သည့်

ေနရာများတွင် စွန်ပစ်ရန့် သိမဟတ့် ြပန်လည်အသံးြပရန် အကံြပထားသည်။ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် စီမံခန်ခွဲမအစီအစ့ (EMP) တွင် တည်ေဆာက်ေရးလပ်ငန်းများ ေဆာင်ရွက်စ အတွင်း အများ ြပည်သ ေဘးအရယ်ကင်းင်းေစေရးနည်းလမ်းများကိ ကျင်သံးရမည့့် ကန်ထိက် တာ၏ တာဝန်များကိ ဖွင်ဆိေဖာ်ြပထားသည်။့

- 19 ၁၉။ ေရအရင်းအြမစ်များ ဤစီမံကိန်းသည် လက်ိ ေရထတ်ယမန်းင်ိင်းယပါက့ ေနာက်ထပ် တစ်ေနလင့် ေရဂါလံ ၄၅ သန်းကိ ထပ်မံထတ်ယရန် ကညီေပးပါမည်။ စီမံကိန်းအစီအစ ေရးဆွဲစအတွင်း ေဆာင်ရွက်ခဲ့ေသာ ေရမေြခေလ့လာမတစ်ခအရ ငမိးရိပ်ဆည်င် ့ ယင်း၏ အထက်ပိင်း ေရထိန်းဆည်စ်ခတိမ့ ရိိင်သည့် ေရပမာဏသည် ေရသွင်းစိက်ပျိးေရးင် ့ မိ ြပေရ ေပးေဝေရး စ်မျိးလံးအတွက် လံေလာက်မိေကာင်း အတည်ြပထားပါသည်။ ေလ့လာမအရ လက်ိ ဆည်ေရ ေလာင် ပမာဏကိ ဆက်လက်ထိန်းသိမ်းထားိင်မည်ဆိပါက ေမာ်မန်းထားေသာ ရာသီဥတ ေြပာင်းလဲမဆိင်ရာ ထိခိက်မများိခဲ့လင်ပင် ေရပမာဏ လံေလာက်စွာ ရိိင်ေကာင်း ေတွ ိထားပါသည်။ ဆည်ေရေလာင်ပမာဏကိ ထိန်းသိမ်းထားိင်ေရးအတွက် ဆည်ေြမာင်င် ့ ေရအသံးချ စီမံခန်ခွဲေရးဦးစီးဌာနင့် ့ စဆက်မြပတ် ညိိင်းန်းတးြခင်းလပ်ငန်း များ ေဆာင်ရွက်ရန် လိအပ်ပါမည်။

20 ၂၀။ ကွန်ကရစ်ပိက်လံးစက်ံင် ့ အဂေတေဖျာ်စက်ံတိေကာင့် ့ ထိခိက်မများ -

ဤစီမံကိန်းတွင် ငမိးရိပ် ဆည်မ ေညာင်စ်ပင်ေရသန်စင်စက်ံအထိ့ သွယ်တန်းရန် အတွက် (၂၄၀၀ ) မီလီမီတာ အချင်း ိသည့် ကွန်ကရစ် ပိက်လိင်း အည်( ၃၃၀၀၀ ) မီတာလိအပ်မည်ဟ ခန်မန်းထားသည်။့ အကံြပ နည်းလမ်းမာ ကွန်ကရစ်ပိက်လံးများကိ ပိက်လိင်းသွယ်တန်းမည့် လမ်းေကာင်းအနီးိ ေနရာ တစ်ေနရာတွင် ထတ်လပ်ရန် ြဖစ်သည်။ ထိအြပင့် စီမံကိန်း၏ အြခားေသာ အေဆာက်အဦးများ အတွက်လည်း အဂေတများ ထပ်မံလိအပ်မည်ြဖစ်သည်။ ထိေကာင့် ့ အဂေတေဖျာ်စက်ံတစ်ံကိ တည်ေဆာက်ရန်လည်း ေမာ်မန်းထားသည်။ ကွန်ကရစ်ပိက်လံးစက်ံင် ့ အဂေတေဖျာ်စက်ံတိ ့ အတွက် တည်ေနရာကိ တည်ေဆာက်ေရးလပ်ငန်းမစတင်မီတွင် ကန်ထိက်တာက ဆံးြဖတ်ပါမည်။ သိရာတွင့် ထိစက်ံများကိ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် သိမဟတ့် ေဒသခံြပည်သများအတွက် ထိခိက်မ မြဖစ်ေစ ိင်သည့် ေနရာ တစ်ေနရာတွင် တည်ေထာင်ရမည်ြဖစ်သည်။ ထံးဓါတ်အလွန်များေသာ စွန်ပစ်ေရ့ များ၊ ဖန်မန်များင် ့ ဆညံသံတိသည့် အဆိပါ ကွန်ကရစ်စက်ံများေကာင် ့ ြဖစ်ေပ ိင်သည့် အဓိက ထိခိက်မများြဖစ်ကသည်။ ကန်ထိက်တာသည် ကွန်ကရစ်စက်ံများ

စီမံခန်ခွဲေရးအစီအစကိ့ ေရးဆွဲရမည်ြဖစ်ပီး၊ ယင်းအစီအစတွင် ကွန်ကရစ်ပိက်လံးစက်ံင် ့ အဂေတေဖျာ်စက်ံတိအတွက့် လိအပ်ေသာ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် စီမံခန်ခွဲေရးနည်းလမ်းများ့ ပါဝင်ရမည်။ ထိအစီအစတွင် ေအာက်ပါ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် ထိခိက်မများကိ ေဖာ်ထတ်ေြဖင်းေပးရန်အတွက် ေလျာပါးေစေရးနည်းလမ်းများ့ လည်း ပါဝင်ရမည် ြဖစ်သည်။

21 ၂၁။ ပ်ပိင်းဆိင်ရာင် ့ ယေကျးမ သယံဇာတများအေပ ထိခိက်မများ - ပိက်လိင်းလမ်းေကာင်းသည် ဘန်းကီးေကျာင်းစ်ေကျာင်းေ မ ြဖတ်သန်းသွားေသာ်လည်း ထိေကျာင်းများကိ ထိခိက်မိမည်ဟ မေမာ်မန်းထားပါ။ ပိက်လိင်းလမ်းေကာင်းသည် လမ်းမကီးင် ့ ေဝးကွာသည့် ေနရာတွင် တည်ိ ေသာ အြခားဘန်းကီး ေကျာင်းစ်ေကျာင်းသိ ့ သွားေရာက်သည့် လမ်းများကိလည်း ြဖတ်သန်းသွား ပါသည်။ ပိက်လိင်း လမ်းေကာင်းအတွင်း ေညာင်ပင် (၅) ပင် တည်ိပီး၊ အပင်ကီး (၃) ပင်မာ လမ်းနယ်နိမိတ်င် ့ ပိက်လိင်း လမ်းေကာင်းအတွင်း တည်ိေနသည်။ ထိေညာင်ပင်ကီးများသည် အထး ထင်ားြခင်း မိေသာ်လည်း ေဒသခံြပည်သများအတွက် ကိးကွယ်မအရ အေရးကီးသည်ဟ ြမင်ပါသည်။ စီမံကိန်း အေကာင် အထည်ေဖာ်စအတွင်း ထိေညာင်ပင်ကီးများကိ ကာကွယ် ေစာင်ောက်ရန့် ကိးပမ်းပါမည်။ ကာကွယ်ေစာင်ောက်ေရးနည်းလမ်းများကိ့ အေသးစိတ် စီမံကိန်း ဒီဇိင်းေရးဆွဲချိန်တွင် ာေဖွ ထည့်သွင်းပါမည်။ ထိနည်းလမ်းများတွင် ပိက်လိင်းလမ်းေကာင်းကိ ေြပာင်းေပးြခင်း၊ ပိက်လိင်းကိ အြမစ်များ မထိးေစရန် အထးေြမာင်းဒီဇိင်းြဖင် ့ ေဆာင်ရွက်ြခင်းတိ ့ ပါဝင်ပါမည်။ ထိနည်းလမ်းများကိ ေဒသခံြပည်သများ၊ ဌာနဆိင်ရာ ကိယ်စားလယ်များင်ြပလပ့် သည့် တိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးပွဲများတွင် ေဆွးေွးသွားပါမည်။

- 22 ၂၂။ တိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးြခင်း ၂၀၁၉ ခစ် ဧပီလတွင်၊ ရန်ကန်တိင်းေဒသကီး ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ထိန်းသိမ်းေရး ဦးစီးဌာနင် ့ ကနဦးတိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးပွဲများ ြပလပ်ခဲ့ပီး၊ အဆိြပစီမံကိန်း၏ နယ်ပယ်၊ ေြမရယ ြခင်းင် ့ ြဖစ်ိင်ေသာ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆိင်ရာထိခိက်မများကိ ေဆွးေွးခဲ့သည်။ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် ထိန်းသိမ်းေရးဦးစီးဌာနကလည်း ဤစီမံကိန်းအား အမျိးအစားခွဲြခားြခင်းင်ပတ်သက်သည့့် အြမင် များကိ ေဖာ်ြပခဲ့သည်။ ၂၀၁၉ ခစ် ဇွန်လတွင်၊ စီမံကိန်းဒီဇိင်းအင်ဂျင်နီယာများ၊ ေဘးကင်း လံြခံေရး ဆိင်ရာ အကံေပးပဂိလ်များင် ့ ရန်ကန်မိေတာ်စည်ပင်သာယာေရးေကာ်မတီ၊ ေရင် ့ သန်င်းေရး့ အင်ဂျင်နီယာဌာနမ အရာိ များ ပါဝင်သည့် YCWRP အဖွဲသည် လည်းကးမိနယ် အေထွေထွအပ်ချပ်ေရးဦးစီးဌာနံးတွင် တိင်ပင် ေဆွးေွးပွဲတစ်ခြပလပ်ခဲ့ရာ၊ လည်းကးမိနယ် ကီးကပ်ေရး အရာိင် ့ ဝန်ထမ်းများ၊ စီမံကိန်းေကာင် ့ သက်ေရာက်ိင်ဖွယ်ိသည့် ေကျးရွာများမ အကီးအကဲများ၊ ေဆာက်လပ်ေရး

ဝန်ကီးဌာန၏ ေကျးလက်လမ်းဦးစီးဌာန၊ သစ်ေတာဦးစီးဌာနင် ့ ဆည်ေြမာင်းဦးစီးဌာနတိမ့ ကိယ်စားလယ်များ ပါဝင်တက်ေရာက်ခဲ့ကသည်။

- 23 ၂၃။ အများြပည်သင်တိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးြခင်း့ ယခင်ြပလပ်ထားသည့် တိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးပွဲများကိ အားြဖည့်ရန်အတွက်၊ ၂၀၁၉ ခစ် ဒီဇင်ဘာလတွင် ေနာက်ထပ် အများြပည်သတိင်ပင် ေဆွးေွးပွဲ များကိ ြပလပ်ခဲ့သည်။ ဆက်လက်၍ (၁) စီမံကိန်းေဆာင်ရွက်သည့်အေကာင်းရင်းင် ့ အဓိက လပ်ငန်းများကိ င်းြပရန် (၂) အကျိးသက်ဆိင်သအားလံးသိ ့ စီမံကိန်းေကာင်ြဖစ်ေပ့ ိင်ေသာ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်င် ့ လမစီးပွားဆိင်ရာ ထိခိက်ိင်မများကိ အသိေပးရန် (၃) ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်င် ့ လမ စီးပွားဆိင်ရာ ထိခိက်ိင်မများင်ပတ်သက်သည့့် ြပဿနာရပ်များင် ့ စိးရိမ်မများအေပ အကျိး သက်ဆိင်သများ၏ အြမင်များကိ ရိမတ်တမ်းတင်ရန်င် ့ (၄) အထးသြဖင် ့ စီမံကိန်းေကာင် ့ ထိခိက် ခံရိင်သများ၏ ေြမယာင် ့ အြခားပိင်ဆိင်မများ ဆံးံးိင်ေြခိြခင်းင် ့ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် ထိခိက်မများအေပ ၄င်းတိ၏့ အြမင်များကိ ရယ၍ အဆိြပထားေသာ ေလျာပါးေစေရး့ နည်းလမ်း များအေကာင်း အကံြပေြပာကားရန်အတွက် တိင်ပင် ေဆွးေွးပွဲများင် ့ ဦးတည်အပ်စအလိက် ေဆွးေွးပွဲများကိ ြပလပ်ခဲ့သည်။ ြပလပ်ခဲ့သည့် တိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးပွဲများတွင် ေအာက်ပါတိ ပါဝင်သည့် -

(က) လည်းကးမိနယ်တွင် NGOs င် ့ CBOs အဖွဲများအပါအဝင် အကျိးသက်ဆိင်သများင် ့ ပံစံတကျ ြပလပ်သည့် အများြပည်သတိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးပွဲ

(ခ) ထိခိက်ခံရိင်သည့် အိမ်ပိင်င်များင် ့ ဦးတည်အပ်စအလိက် တိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးပွဲ (၂) ကိမ်

(ဂ) ထိခိက်ခံရိင်သည့် ဆိင်ငယ်ပိင်င်များင် ့ ဦးတည်အပ်စအလိက် တိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးပွဲ (၂) ကိမ်

(ဃ) အမျိးသမီးအပ်စများင် ့ ဦးတည်အပ်စအလိက် တိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးြခင်း (၂) ကိမ်။

(GRM) – 24 ၂၄။ နစ်နာမေြဖင်းေရးလပ်ငန်းစ ေဒသခံများ၏ စိးရိမ်မများကိ ကာကွယ်ေပးရန်င် ့ ေဖာ်ထတ်ေြဖင်းေပးရန်၊ ဆံးံးိင်ေြခများကိ ေလာချရန်င့် ့ စီမံကိန်းမ ရိမည့် ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်င် ့ လမဆိင်ရာ ေကာင်းကျိးများကိ အြမင်ဆံးြဖစ်ေစရန်အတွက့် အာဖွံ ဖိးေရးဘဏ်၏ ေဘးကင်း လံြခံေရးဆိင်ရာမဝါဒ (၂၀၀၉) ပါ သတ်မတ်ချက်များင်အညီ့ နစ်နာမေြဖင်းေရး လပ်ငန်းစ တစ်ရပ်ကိ တည်ေထာင်ပါမည်။

ဤလပ်ငန်းစသည် နစ်နာမများကိ ေြဖင်းေပးမည့် ေပါင်းကး စကန်တစ်ခ အေနြဖင်သာမက့ (၁) စီမံကိန်းမ ထွက်ေပလာသည့် ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆိင်ရာ ြပဿနာရပ် များင် ့ စိးရိမ်မအသစ်များကိ သတ်မတ်ေဖာ်ထတ်ြခင်းအပါအဝင် ထိေရာက်ေသာ ဆက်သွယ်ြပန် ကားေရးဆိင်ရာ လမ်းေကာင်းများ ဖွင်ေပးရန့် (၂) ေဒသခံြပည်သများ၏ စိးရိမ်မများင် ့ ေဒသခံ များ ရိမည့် ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ေကာင်းကျိးများကိ သပ်ေဖာ်ြပရန်င် ့ (၃) စီမံကိန်းအေကာင်အထည် ေဖာ်ြခင်းင် ့ လပ်ငန်းလည်ပတ်ေဆာင်ရွက်ြခင်းေကာင် ့ ေဒသခံများအေပ သက်ေရာက်မည့် ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆိင်ရာ ဆိးကျိးများကိ ကိတင်ကာကွယ်ရန်င် ့ ေလာချရန့် ဟေသာ ရည်ရွယ်ချက် များအား ရိေစေရး အတွက်လည်း ဒီဇိင်းေရးဆွဲထားပါသည်။ နစ်နာမေြဖင်းေရးလပ်ငန်းစကိ အမျိးသမီးများင် ့ လငယ်များကဲ့သိေသာ့ ပိမိထိခိက်လွယ်သည့် အပ်စများအပါအဝင် ေဒသခံ ြပည်သအမျိးမျိးတိက့ လက်လမ်းမီအသံးြပိင်ပါသည်။

(EMP) 25 ၂၅။ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်စီမံခန်ခွဲမအစီအစ့ – ခန်မန်းရန်ပံေငွ့ အေမရိကန်ေဒလာ ၁၀၂၆၃၀၀ သံးစွဲ ေဆာင်ရွက်မည့် ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်စီမံခန်ခွဲေရးအစီအစကိ့ ေရးဆွဲထားပီးြဖစ်ရာ၊ တည်ေဆာက်ေရး မစတင်ခင်ကာလ၊ တည်ေဆာက်ေရးကာလင် ့ လပ်ငန်းလည်ပတ်ေဆာင်ရွက်သည့် ကာလများ အတွက် ထိခိက်မေလျာပါးေစေရး့ နည်းလမ်းများကိ ဒီဇိင်းေရးဆွဲထားသည်။ ေစာင်ကပ်ကည့်ရန့် အချက်များကိလည်း သတ်မတ် ထားပီးြဖစ်သည်။

26 ၂၆။ ကန်ထိက်တာ၏ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်၊လမ၊ ကျန်းမာေရးင် ့ ေဘးကင်းလံြခံေရး (ESHS) - စီမံခန်ခွဲေရးအစီအစ့ ကန်ထိက်တာတိင်းသည် တည်ေဆာက်ေရး လပ်ငန်းမစတင်မီတွင် EMP င် ့ လည်းေကာင်း၊ တင်ဒါစာရွက်စာတမ်းတွင် ေဖာ်ြပထားသည့် ESHS ဆိင်ရာ အေသးစိတ် သတ်မတ်ချက် များင်လည်းေကာင်း့ ေေနာက်ညီွတ်သည့် ESHS စီမံခန်ခွဲေရး့ အစီအစ (ESHSMP) ကိ ေရးဆွဲရပါမည်။ ESHSMP တွင် ကန်ထိက်တာက ေဆာင်ရွက်ရမည့် ထိခိက်မ ေလျာပါးေစေရးနည်းလမ်းများင့် ့ ေစာင်ကပ်ကည့်ရန်အချက်များအားလံးကိ့ ထည့်သွင်းေဖာ်ြပရန် ြဖစ်သည်။ ကန်ထိက်စာချပ်ချပ်ဆိရန် အေကာင်းကားပီးသည်င် ့ တပိင်နက် လပ်ငန်းများ မစတင်မီ ရက်ေပါင်း (၃၀) ထက်ေနာက်မကျေစဘဲ ESHSMP ကိ စီမံကိန်းစီမံခန်ခွဲေရးအဖွဲ့ (PMU) သိ ့ တင်ြပ၍ စိစစ်မ ခံယပီး၊ ကန်ကွက်ရန်မိေကာင်းစာ့ ရယရပါမည်။ တင်ဒါ စာရွက် စာတမ်းများတွင် ESHSMP အတွက် သတ်မတ်ချက်များကိ အေသးစိတ်ေဖာ်ြပပါမည်။ ကန်ထိက်တာသည် ESHS အေသးစိတ်သတ်မတ်ချက်များင်အညီ့

ESHSMP ေရးဆွဲ အေကာင် အထည်ေဖာ်ရန် လံေလာက်ေသာ ရန်ပံေငွ ခွဲေဝထားိေကာင်း ေသချာေစေရးအတွက် ကန်ထိက် တာ၏ အဆိြပ တင်ဒါေစျးန်းတွင် ESHS နည်းလမ်းများအား အေကာင်အထည်ေဖာ်ြခင်းဆိင်ရာ အေသးစိတ် ကန်ကျစရိတ်များ ထည့်သွင်းတင်ြပရန် သတ်မတ်ပါမည်။ ထိအြပင့် ကန်ထိက်စာချပ် တွင် ကန်ထိက်တာသည် ESHS ဆိင်ရာ လပ်ငန်းတာဝန်များကိ ြဖည့်ဆည်းလပ်ေဆာင်ရန် ကန်ကာေနပါက့ PMU အဖွဲက ေငွေကးေထာင်အရ့ တွန်းအားေပးိင်ေရးအတွက် ဒဏ်ေကးငွ ေ◌ေပးေဆာင် ရမည့် လပ်ထံးလပ်နည်းတစ်ခကိလည်း ထည့်သွင်းပါမည်။

EMP/ESHS - 27 ၂၇။ အေကာင်အထည်ေဖာ်မကိ ကီးကပ်ြခင်း စီမံကိန်းစီမံခန်ခွဲေရးအဖွဲ့ (PMU) သည် EMP အေကာင်အထည်ေဖာ်မကိ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ေထာင်မ့ ကီးကပ်ရန် တာဝန်ိပါမည်။ ကန်ထိက် တာများက ESHSMP နည်းလမ်းများအား အေကာင်အထည်ေဖာ်မကိ တိက်ိက်ကီးကပ်ေပးမည့် ိင်ငံတကာင် ့ ြပည်တွင်းမ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ကမ်းကျင်သများင်အတ့ စီမံကိန်းအေကာင်အထည် ေဖာ်ေရး အကံေပးပဂိလ်တစ်ဦးက PMU အား အေထာက်အကြပပါမည်။ ကန်ထိက်တာများ အား ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆိင်ရာ စီမံခန်ခွဲရန့် တာဝန်ိေသာ အမဲတမ်းဝန်ထမ်းများကိ လပ်ငန်းခွင်အတွင်း ိေနေစရန်င် ့ ကီးကပ်သ အင်ဂျင်နီယာများ၊ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆိင်ရာကမ်းကျင်သများင် ့ အစိးရ တွဲဖက်ပဂိလ်များထံ အစီရင်ခံတင်ြပေစရန် သတ်မတ်ထားပါမည်။

28 ၂၈။ စီမံကိန်းအေကာင်အထည်ေဖာ်စအတွင်း တိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးြခင်း -

ကန်ထိက်တာသည် တည် ေဆာက်ြခင်းအဆင်အတွင်းတွင့် PMU ၏ ကီးကပ်မြဖင် ့ မည်သည့်လေနဧရိယာတွင်မဆိ လပ်ငန်း မေဆာင်ရွက်မီေဒသခံများင် ့ ပံမန်တိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးပွဲများ စီစြပလပ်ရမည်ြဖစ်ေကာင်း သတ်မတ် ထားပါမည်။ ရည်ရွယ်ချက်မာ နယ်ေြမတစ်ခအတွင်း စတင်လပ်ေဆာင်မည့် လပ်ငန်းများ၊ ေဆာက်လပ်ေရးလပ်ငန်းခွင်များ၏ ဖွဲစည်းပံ၊ ယာသွားလာမ ထိန်းသိမ်းေရး အစီအစများ၊ လေန ဧရိယာများ၊ စီးပွားေရးလပ်ငန်းများ၊ အများပိင်အေဆာက်အဦးများသိ ့ ဝင်ေရာက်မ၊ လပ်ငန်းများင် ့ ပတ်သက်၍ ေဘးအရာယ်ကင်းင်းေရးကိစရပ်များ၊ လပ်ငန်းေဆာင်ရွက်မည့် အချိန်ဇယား၊ လပ်စစ်ဓါတ်အား ြပတ်ေတာက်ိင်မ စသည်တိအေကာင်းကိ့ ေဒသခံများအား အသိေပးရန် ြဖစ်သည်။ ြပည်သများ၏ မတ်ချက်င် ့ အကံြပချက်များအား ေပါင်းစပ်ထည့်သွင်း ေဆာင်ရွက် ိင်ရန်အတွက် တိင်ပင်ေဆွးေွးပွဲများကိ လပ်ငန်းမစတင်မီ အနည်းဆံး

စ်ပတ်ေကျာ်ကာလတွင် ကိတင်ြပလပ်ပါမည်။ ကန်ထိက်တာက ေရးဆွဲထားသည့် ယာသွားလာမအစီအစကိ အေကာင်အထည် မေဖာ်မီတွင် PMU င် ့ ယာထိန်းရဲတပ်ဖွဲတိက့ အတည်ြပေပးရန် လိအပ်ပါမည်။

29 ၂၉။ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆိင်ရာေစာင်ကပ်ကည့်ြခင်း့ -

ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်အရည်အေသွးေစာင်ကပ်ကည့်ေရး့ အစီအစတွင် တည်ေဆာက်ေရးကာလအတွင်း ဆညံမင် ့ ေလထညစ်ညမ်းမဆိင်ရာ ထိခိက်မ များင် ့ ေရအရည်အေသွးေြပာင်းလဲမများကိ တိင်းတာေစာင်ကည်ကည့်ပါမည်။့ လွတ်လပ်ေသာ ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ေစာင်ကပ်ကည့်ေရးအကံေပးပဂိလ်များအား့ ငားရမ်းေဆာင်ရွက်ရန်အတွက် PMU အား ရန်ပံေငွ အေမရိကန်ေဒလာ ၁၅၀,၀၀၀ ခန် ခွဲေဝေပးထားပီးြဖစ်သည်။့

- 30 ၃၀။ နိဂံးချပ်သံးသပ်ချက် ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်စီမံခန်ခွဲမအစီအစ့ (EMP) တွင် ပါဝင်သည့် ထိခိက်မ ေလျာပါးေစေရး့ နည်းလမ်းများင ့် ေစာင့်ကပ်ကည့်ြခင်းဆိင်ရာ သတ်မတ်ချက်များကိ ထိေရာက်စွာ အေကာင်အထည် ေဖာ်ိင်မည်ဟ ယဆထားသည့်အတွက်၊ ဤစီမံကိန်းေကာင ့် ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် ဆိင်ရာ သိသာထင်ားေသာ ဆိးကျိး သက်ေရာက်မများ ြဖစ်ေပ ိင်မည်မဟတ်ပါ။ ကနဦးပတ်ဝန်းကျင် စစ်ေဆး ြခင်း (IEE) အရ ဤစီမံကိန်းသည် ပတ်ဝန်းကျင်ဆိင်ရာ အမျိးအစား (ခ) တွင် ပါဝင်ေကာင်း အတည် ြပပါသည်။

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1 Project. The City of Yangon, with a population of approximately 5.2 million, is the largest city and main economic hub of Myanmar and the capital of the Yangon Region. However, the current water supply and sanitation infrastructure in Yangon City requires urgent upgrading with only 40% of households covered by the water supply system and around 1% provided with a sewerage service.

2 Approximately 66% of the water currently delivered to Yangon residents by Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) comes from the Ngamoeyeik Reservoir system. The transfer of 614 MLD of this water from the reservoir to the treatment plant at Nyaunghnapin and to Aungtagon Pumping Station is by open canal, the main section of which is under the control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MOALI). The system is essentially non- resilient as the open canal is vulnerable to evaporation, infiltration and pollution, and the authority supplying the water does not have full control of the system. There is an urgent need for an enclosed, secure pipeline under the management of YCDC.

3 The project will provide concrete water supply pipeline from Ngamoeyeik Reservoir to Nyaunghnapin treatment plant (about 34km) with a capacity to transfer 818MLD. The Project will include (i) 818MLD new raw water intake, (ii) 0.9km long intake tunnel (2400mm diameter), (iii) 818MLD/4MVA pumping station and substation, (iv) 17.1km long pressure main pipeline (2,400mm diameter), (v) 2km long open-channel flow tunnel (2,700mm diameter), (vi) 13.9km long gravity pipeline (2,400mm diameter), (vii) distribution system including a 205MLD connection and a 614MLD delivery system.

4 The raw water intake will be a draw-off tower in the Ngamoeyeik reservoir. The intake tower will comprise one high and one low inlets in order to adapt as per the reservoir and suspended solids variations. The 2,400mm diameter intake tunnel will be installed along the Ngamoeyeik creek with a microtunnel boring machine in order to limit the environmental impact of the works. The 818MLD pumping station will include high-efficiency pumps to limit the carbon footprint and power demand of the plant and transfer. The 2,400mm diameter pressure main pipeline will buried along the right of way to limit social and environmental impacts. The 2,700mm open-channel flow will be installed under a hill with a microtunnel boring machine. The 2,400mm gravity pipeline will be fully buried along the right of way of existing or future road platforms. The delivery system will consist in a 205MLD buried “T” junction equipped with a valve and a 614MLD delivery semi-buried buffer tank equipped with valves for regulation.

5 Initial Environmental Examination. The IEE assesses the environmental impacts of the water transfer construction works and operation. It identifies issues to be considered and addressed in the design, construction and operation of the project, and presents measures to avoid, minimize and mitigate potential environmental impacts.

6 The IEE has been prepared in accordance with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). It also complies with Myanmar Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedure (2015). In accordance with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009) the project was initially screened by ADB. The project was assigned Category B requiring preparation of an Initial Environmental Examination including an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The project was categorized as an “IEE Type Project” under the Myanmar EIA Procedure (2015).

7 The IEE Report is based on field work and investigations conducted from August 2018 through to July 2019. The pipeline corridor route and surrounding landscapes were examined.

Published and online data and information were reviewed; and site and location inspections were made. ADB, YCDC, MONREC ECD and Forest Department regional personnel were met. Initial consultation meetings were arranged and conducted by YCDC and Consultant Team personnel. The key findings are summarized below.

8 Environmental Benefits. The primary environmental benefit of the project will be the replacement of the open canal, which is susceptible to pollution, with a secure pipeline. This will ensure delivery of raw water from Ngamoeyeik to the Nyaunghnapin WTP with no loss of quality. The pipeline will also reduce the water losses, currently estimated at 30%, to around 0%. When further investments in treatment and pumping are completed the pipeline will facilitate the delivery of additional water to the residents of Yangon.

9 Benefits for impacted population. Villages crossed by the pipeline will not get direct benefits from the pipeline itself as the water will be totally transferred to Yangon. However, it is anticipated that the project will improve access to properties, as well as the roadside drainage in the villages along the pipeline route. In addition, the project includes a component of community infrastructure program (USD 1 million) to be discussed with the communities according to their needs. Through a participatory process, village communities will be able to identify and prioritize improvements to be implemented under the project. Construction activities will provide work opportunities for local unskilled labor, increasing revenues among the communities.

10 Description of Environment. The area of the project consists of flat plains that have been developed for rice production. The land is owned by the YCDC and Ministry of Construction. The rice paddies operate on a rainfed basis, but also on an irrigated basis for the most downstream part of the plain. The region is not forested, vegetation is mostly shrubs and small trees and planted trees along the roadside.

11 The project area is entirely located in geological sedimentary formations which will allow easy excavation of trenches and boring of tunnel sections. The new water intake will be located next to the existing YCDC water intake (disused). This part of Ngamoeyeik reservoir has easy access, is almost dry at the end of the dry season and construction activities may be easily isolated from the rest of the reservoir.

12 Climate Change. The climate is tropical humid. There is a marked wet monsoon of about 6 months from May through to October and very little rain in the remaining months. A review of climate change studies for Myanmar in general and Yangon region in particular leads to the following observations and forecasts:

. The late onset and early withdrawal of the monsoon means that its normal average duration has decreased reducing the cropping period below the 130 days which is a minimum critical period for most crops. Also, considering in parallel the progressive increase of rainfall, it means that rainfall will come with more intensity as the rainy season reduces in duration. Also, this will expend the duration of the dry season with more impact on water resources management for irrigation and water supply by the end of the dry season. . Sea level rise is forecasted to reach 5 to 13 cm by 2020s (2020-2029), 20 to 41 cm by 2050s and 37 to 83cm by 2080s (and could even rise as high as 122 cm). 13 A Climate Change Assessment was undertaken in accordance with the ADB climate risk management framework. The Climate Risk is classified as medium. Based on the climate change forecasts the project components that may be vulnerable to potential damages due to erosion and/or flooding are i) the pumping station structures; ii) pipeline foundations and structures crossing over creek; iii) pipeline structures crossing under the creek crossing; and iv) the regulation buffer tank structures and equipment. Climate adaptation and mitigation measures have been incorporated into the project.

14 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures. The IEE reviews all potential impacts from project location, construction and operation. Mitigation measures are proposed to avoid, minimize or compensate for each of the impacts identified. Most of impacts identified concern temporary potential nuisances during construction activities on the population of villages crossed by the pipeline. These concern mainly noise, dust and public safety issues in relation to excavation works along public roads and road traffic disturbances.

15 The pumping station will be constructed on YCDC land, along the YCDC road. The area is flat, unvegetated and will require no access road nor forest clearing for construction.The pipeline will be laid within the ROW of the roads, outside the surfaced part of the road. The landscape beyond the ROW is a mixture of paddy fields and low-density village area. The roads are elevated by few meters over the plain to avoid flooding. No ecologically sensitive or unique natural features have been identified within the pipeline corridor.

16 Impacts on Roadside Trees. The implementation of the pipeline within the roads RoW will require the cutting of planted trees located on the roadside of the pipeline route. The IEE identified 2,900 trees to be cut, which is expected to cause concern for the communities. The Forest Department has advised that all of the trees within the right of way are the property of the Myanmar Government. The Forest Department will determine the number of impacted trees and the contractor will be responsible for their removal and disposal. The pipeline construction will have a medium - term impact on the appearance of the road corridor because of the loss of mature trees on one side of the road. However, the impact will be mitigated by the plantation of 6,000 trees (two trees planted for each tree cut) in areas close to those where trees were cut. Trees will be replanted in the appropriate season to increase their viability. They will require good quality aftercare to ensure they survive and can grow to maturity. The program of tree aftercare starts during construction as tree planting should be undertaken as soon as possible in each section of road when the construction is completed.

17 Transport of Materials. The project activities will require the transport large amounts of concrete pipe, construction material, and spoil material. The contractor will undertake a site and route specific assessment of the risks associated with of the transport of concrete pipe, construction materials, and spoil materials. The contractor will prepare a Transport of Material Management Plan, which must be approved by the Project Management Consultant and the

Project Management. The plan will include mitigation measures to address the air quality and dust impacts, traffic safety, and noise and vibration. The plan is to be developed in coordination with other environmental management plans for air quality management, noise and vibration control, concrete plant management, spoil management, and traffic management and site access.

18 Water Resources. Ultimately the project will facilitate the extraction of an extra 205MLD of water compared to the present extraction rate. A water balance study carried out alongside the PPS has confirmed that the water available in Ngamoeyeik and its two upstream feeder reservoirs is sufficient for both irrigation and urban water supply. The study also found that there will be sufficient water even with expected climate change impacts, but only if the existing reservoir volumes are maintained. For this reason, a continuous coordination program with Irrigation Water Management Department will be required.

19 Impacts of Concrete Pipe Fabrication Plant and Concrete Batching Plant. The Project is expected to need: (i) 33,000m of 2,400 mm or concrete for the pipeline from Ngamoeyeik Reservoir to Nyaunghnapin Water Treatment Plant. The preferred approach is to fabricate this pipe in situ at a site near the pipeline route. In addition, a concrete batching plant is planned for construction of the new intake and intake tunnel. The location of the pipe fabrication plant and the concrete batching plant will be determined by the Contractor prior to construction. However, these plants must be located in an area where they will not pose a hazard to the environment or local communities. Highly alkaline wastewater, dust emissions and noise are the key potential impacts associated with concrete batching plants. The Contractor will prepare a Concrete Plant Management Plan that will include necessary environmental management measures for the Concrete Pipe Fabrication Plant and Concrete Batching Plants.

20 Impacts on Physical Cultural Resources. The pipeline route passes in front of two monasteries and is not expected to impact the monasteries. It crosses also access road to two other monasteries located far from the road. Five banyan trees (5) are located within the pipeline route. Three particularly large banyan trees are situated within the ROW and in the pipeline alignment. Although these three trees are not especially significant, they are seen as spiritual, and important to the communities. Efforts will be made to preserve the trees during implementation. The options for their preservation will be explored during detailed design. These will include deviations in pipeline alignment, and special trench design to protect the pipeline from the tree routes. These options will be discussed in consultation with the communities and Government representatives.

21 Consultation. In April 2019, initial consultations were held with Yangon Regional Environmental Conservation Department (ECD). The scope of the proposed project, land acquisition, and potential environmental impacts were discussed. ECD’s stated its views on project environmental categorization. In June 2019, YCWRP team including project design engineers, safeguard consultants and YCDC officers from Engineering Department for Water and Sanitation conducted a consultation meeting at the Hlegu Township General Administration Department office. Participants included Hlegu Township Supervision Officer and staff, head of villages from potential project affected areas, representative staffs from Ministry of Construction Rural Roads Department, Forest Department, and Irrigation Department.

22 Public Consultation – December 2019. To supplement previous consultation activities, additional public consultation activities were undertaken during December 2019. The consultations and focus group discussions were conducted to: (i) describe the rationale and key elements of the Project; (ii) inform all stakeholders about the potential environmental, social,

and economic impacts; (iii) obtain and record the views of the stakeholders on issues and concerns regarding the environmental, social, and economic impacts; and (iv) in particular, for potentially affected peoples, obtain their views on the potential loss of land and/or other assets and the environmental impacts, and advise them of proposed mitigation measures. These consultations included:

i. formal public consultation meeting in Hlegu township with stakeholders including NGOs and CBOs; ii. two focus group discussions with affected residential house owners; iii. two focus group discussions with affected small shop owners; and iv. two focus group discussions with women groups.

23 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). A GRM consistent with the requirements of the ADB SPS (2009) will be established to prevent and address community concerns, reduce risks, and assist the project to maximize environmental and social benefits. In addition to serving as a platform to resolve grievances, the GRM will help achieve the following objectives: (i) open channels for effective communication, including the identification of new environmental issues of concern arising from the project; (ii) demonstrate concerns about community members and their environmental well-being; and (iii) prevent and mitigate any adverse environmental impacts on communities caused by project implementation and operations. The GRM will be accessible to diverse members of the community, including more vulnerable groups such as women and youth.

24 Environmental Management Plan (EMP). A detailed EMP has been prepared for the project with an estimated budget of USD 1,543,300. Mitigation measures have been designed for pre-construction, construction and operation periods. Monitoring requirements have been specified. The environmental quality monitoring program will monitor impacts of noise, air pollution, and to assess changes in water quality during construction. Approximately USD 120,000 has been allocated for PMU to contract independent environmental monitoring consultants.

25 Contractor ESHS Management Plan. Before construction starts the contractor will prepare a Contractor ESHS Management Plan (ESHSMP) consistent with the EMP and with the ESHS specifications in the bidding documentation. The ESHSMP is to include all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements to be carried out by the contractor. The ESHSMP will be submitted to the PMU and PMC for review and approval prior starting any work. Bidding documents will detail requirements for ESHSMP. To ensure the contractor allocates sufficient funds to prepare and implement the ESHSMP in compliance with ESHS specifications, the bid documents will require that the cost of implementing the ESHS measures is detailed in the contractor bid price.

26 EMP/ESHS Supervision. A Project Management Unit (PMU) will be established. The PMU will be responsible for ensuring environmental supervision of the implementation of the EMP. The PMU will be supported by a Project Management Consultant (PMC) with international and national environmental experts that will directly supervise the implementation of the ESHSMP measures by the contractor. The contractor will be required to have permanent staff on site with responsibility for environmental management, reporting to the supervision engineers, environmental specialists and government counterparts.

27 Consultation during Project Implementation. During construction, the contractor will be requested to organize, under the supervision of the PMU, regular consultation with

communities prior to start work in any residential area. The objective is to inform the population on the works to be initiated in the locality, the organization of the construction sites, the plans to maintain road traffic, access to residences, businesses, public buildings, safety issues in relation to works, schedule of works and interruption of utilities (electricity). Consultation will be held at latest more than two weeks before starting works in order to integrate public comments and recommendations. The road traffic plan prepared by the contractor will need to be approved by PMU and the traffic police before implementation.

28 Conclusion. Assuming that the mitigation measures and monitoring requirements in the Environmental Management Plan are effectively implemented, the project is not expected to have a significant adverse environmental impact. The IEE confirms the Environmental Category B.

1 INTRODUCTION

Description of the Project Proponent The responsible organization for the Project is the Yangon City Development Committee. The person responsible for the project: Mr. Than Han Deputy Director (Acting) Water Resources and Water Supply Authority Yangon City Development Committee YCDC Office Building Yangon, Myanmar Telephone: +95 9 43018325 Email: [email protected]

Endorsement of the IEE

Commitment of the Project Proponent

Commitment of the IEE Consultant 2 The IEE was prepared by Suez Consulting for Water and Sanitation Department of the Yangon City Development Committee through ADB technical assistance.

3 IEE Consultant Registration. For this Project, U Soe Min, a member of the Suez Consultant Team is the registered consultant. A copy of his transitional registration is provided below.

Rationale and Structure of the Environmental Assessment Process 4 Any project of infrastructure construction may involve detrimental effects on the physical, natural or human environment: generation of air or water pollution, alteration of the existing land use with potential detrimental impacts on biodiversity, properties and livelihood of the concerned population. To reduce these risks, countries and international finance institutions (IFIs) have developed various environmental and social safeguards to be considered during project preparation, implementation and operation. The backbone of the system is represented by the process of environmental assessment (EA).

5 The target of the EA process is threefold:

. To provide to the attention of decision makers and at the right time in the decision- making process, information on possible environmental and social consequences of the project with applicable corrective measures; . To promote environmentally sound and sustainable development through the identification of appropriate mitigation and enhancement measures; . To provide tools to effectively control environmental risks during project preparation, construction and operation.

6 International good practice dictates that the EA process takes place throughout the project cycle. To satisfy this principle, the EA process implies various stages or activities, adapted to each stage of the project preparation:

. Screening: At the early stage of project alternative options proposal, the EA will "screen" potential beneficial and detrimental impacts from each option in order to provide environmental and social criteria for the selection of the most preferable option, together with technical and economic criteria. This activity will be carried out during the Interim stage of the present CDIA PPS, and its results delivered in the Interim Report. . Scoping and EA report preparation: Analysis of the most significant potential impacts of selected option and identification of corrective measures to be considered during the technical feasibility study stage of the project components. The EA report also provides operational tools for environmental risk control through the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). This will contribute to the PPTA draft/Final report. . Stakeholder analysis and consultation: Objective is (i) to seek opinion, suggestions and concerns from government or civil organizations as well as from affected or beneficial population concerned and (ii) to present the results of the EA studies and get comments before the report is finalized.

7 The EA process for the present YCWRP PPS was carried out in a way to comply with two sets of safeguards briefly introduced in the following section:

. ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS 2009), and . Myanmar Safeguards System, mainly based on the Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure (MOECAF Notification No. 616/2015 dated 28 December 2015).

8 The present IEE is complemented (i) by a Resettlement Plan (Supplementary Appendix 1) to address in details land acquisition and resettlement issues and (ii) by a full EMP (section 10) encompassing construction and operation period with a particular focus on the construction period, recognizing that part of the construction activities is located within sensitive urbanized areas.

Purpose of IEE 9 This IEE report gives an account of the Environmental Impact Assessment process performed for the proposed YCWRP Project. The study was conducted as part of the CDIA Project Preparation with the following purposes: . To ensure the environmental soundness and sustainability of the project; . To support the integration of environmental as well as climate change and natural hazards considerations into the project decision-making process; . To identify early potential impacts and risks arising from the proposed Project components on the physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment; . To identify measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts, and . To lead to overall environment improvements in the project area of influence.

Report Organization 10 The Initial Environmental Examination follows the layout recommended by ADB-SPS and integrates an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). In addition to this introduction the reader will find the following sections in this report:

. Executive Summary; . Introduction with the project rationale (Section 1); . Applicable Institutional and Regulatory Framework (Section 2); . Description of the proposed Project components (Section 3); . Baseline Situation (Section 4); . Impact Analysis (Section 5); . Alternative Development options (Section 6); . Public Consultation activities (Section 7); . Grievance and Redress Mechanism proposed (Section 8) . Environmental and Social Management Plan (Section 9) . Conclusions & Recommendations (Section 10) . Appendices

2 POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL & LEGAL FRAMEWORK

ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (2009) 11 ADB safeguards related to environment (SR 1), involuntary resettlement (SR 2) and indigenous peoples (SR 3) have been integrated into a unique Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) in 2009. The key objectives of the SPS include (i) Avoidance of adverse impacts from project on environment and peoples, (ii) minimization, mitigation and/or compensation for unavoidable adverse impacts, (iii) strengthening of country's safeguard systems and capacity building and (iv) development of meaningful environment, climate resilience and social standards. Safeguard Requirements SR 1 defines principles to be complied with during project preparation, construction and operation, and which must be addressed and reflected in the EA report. SR 2 defines principles for dealing with land acquisition, involuntary resettlement and compensation. SR3 defines principles for dealing with minorities.

Myanmar National Safeguards Framework

Rapid Historical Background 12 Environmental management system is rather new in Myanmar. National Commission on Environmental Affairs (NCEA) was formed in 1990 with the purposes of setting environmental standards and creating environmental policies. It was organized as a division under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in April 1992. In 2005, NCEA was transferred under the Ministry of Forestry. The Ministry of Forestry was then upgraded in September 2011 as the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry (MOECAF). On March 17th, 2016, the newly seated Pyihtaungsu Hluttaw announced an important reorganization of the Union Ministries, reducing the overall number from 36 ministries to 21. A total of 10 ministries were merged. The Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry (MOECAF) was merged with the Ministry of Mines (MOM) to create the new Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC).

13 The Environmental Conservation Department (ECD), one of the six departments under MONREC, is responsible for implementing National Environmental Policy and to manage natural resources conservation and pollution control on water, air and land. Among its various activities, ECD is in charge to follow all EIA/IEE performed in the country, to review the EIA/IEE reports and to advise MONREC for the issuance of the Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC), a prerequisite for starting any project implementation.

Background of Laws and Regulations 14 In Myanmar, several laws and rules make already reference to environmental protection, pollution control or biodiversity preservation. However, these multiple references were difficult to implement in the absence of any related structured guidelines and procedures. Two major documents were recently issued by the Union Government to overpass these constraints:

. MOECAF Notification 615, dated 29 December 2015, related to Myanmar Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (EQEG). . MOECAF Notification 616, dated 29 December 2015, related to Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures

Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines 15 EQEG cover both water and atmosphere emissions related to a wide range of production industries. Most of the proposed standards refer to the Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines of the IFC (2007). With respect to drinking water standards, MONREC guidelines refer to the National Drinking Water Guidelines recently introduced by the National Water Council and based on WHO Guidelines and Standards for Drinking Water. EQEG have been adopted for use in the IEE and design of the Project. Applicable guidelines are provided in Tables 1 to 4.

Table 1. Air Quality

Parameter Averaging Period Guideline Value μg/m3

Nitrogen dioxide 1-year 1-hour 40 200 Ozone 8-hour daily maximum 100 a Particulate matter PM10 1-year 24-hour 20 50

b Particulate matter PM2.5 1-year 24-hour 10 25 Sulfur dioxide 24-hour 10-minute 20 500 a Particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter b Particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter Source: NEQEG (2015)

Table 2. Site Runoff and Wastewater Discharges (Construction Phase)

Parameter Unit Maximum Concentration

Biological oxygen demand mg/l 30

Chemical oxygen demand mg/l 125

Oil and grease mg/l 10

pH Standard unit 6-9

Total coliform bacteria 100 ml 400

Total nitrogen mg/l 10

Total phosphorus mg/l 2

Total suspended solids mg/l 50

Source: NEQEG (2015)

Table 3. Noise Levels

Receptor One-hour LAeq (dBA) Daytime 0700-22:00 Nighttime 22:00 – 07:00 (10:00 – 22:00 for Public (22:00 – 10:00 for Public holidays) holidays) Residential, institutional, 55 45 educational

Industrial, commercial 70 70

Note: LAeq is the equivalent continuous sound level in decibels Source: NEQEG (2015)

Table 4. National drinking water quality standards 2014

Parameter Unit Concentration Aluminum mg/l 0.2 Ammonia-Nitrogen mg/l 1.5 Antimony mg/l 0.02 Arsenic mg/l 0.05 Barium mg/l 0.7 Boron mg/l 2.4 Cadmium mg/l 0.003 Calcium mg/l 200 Chloride mg/l 250 Chromium mg/l 0.05 Coliforms (total) MPN/100ml 3 Coliforms (faecal) MPN/100ml 0 Color TCU 15 Copper mg/l 2 Cyanide mg/l 0.07 Fluoride mg/l 1.5

Hardness mg/L as CaCO3 500 Iron mg/l 1 Lead mg/l 0.01 Magnesium mg/l 150 Manganese mg/l 0.4

Parameter Unit Concentration Mercury (total) mg/l 0.001 Nickel mg/l 0.07

Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l 50

Nitrate (as NO2) mg/l 3 Odor - Acceptable/No objectionable odor pH - 6.5-8.5 Selenium mg/l 0.04 Sodium mg/l 200 Sulphate mg/l 250 Sulphide mg/l 0.05 Taste - Acceptable/No objectionable taste Total dissolved solids mg/l 1000 Turbidity NTU 5 Uranium mg/l 0.03 Zinc mg/l 3 Source: Ministry of Health

National EIA Requirements and Framework 16 According to Notification 616, MONREC is solicited 3 times during the preparation process of an EIA/IEE:

. at project proposal stage (screening), to decide if EIA or IEE is required or not . before the start of the EIA study to approve (i) the Terms of Reference for the EIA and (ii) the qualification of the Consultant proposed for carrying out the EIA; . at submission stage of the EIA draft report for comments and then issuance of the ECC.

17 Two public consultations are also required. This process, as depicted in Figure 1, is quite comparable to ADB requirements regarding EA main process stages.

Figure 1. EIA Process in Myanmar

Source: Safège, 2017

Sectoral Environmental Laws and Regulations 18 Major laws and regulations related to Environment, Health and Safety management and applicable to YCWRP design, construction and operation are summarized in following Table 5.

Table 5. Applicable Sectoral Laws and Regulations

Laws and Year Purpose/Description Regulations Conservation of 2006 To conserve and protect the water resources and rivers system for Water Resources beneficial utilization by the public; to protect the environment from and Rivers Law abusive use of water resources. Law strictly prohibits disposal of engine oil, chemical, poisonous and other dangerous material which may cause damage to water resource. Forest Law 1992 The Forest Law highlights forest protection, environmental and biodiversity conservation, and extended set-up of the permanent forest estates (PFE) and protected areas system (PAS). It provides opportunities for the promotion of private sector involvement in reforestation and timber trade, and decentralizes management responsibilities. It encourages community participatory approach in managing forest resources, particularly to satisfy the basic needs of the rural people. It demonstrates a shift from the concept of revenue generation and restriction to motivation and share of management responsibility with people. Protection of Wildlife 1994 To protect wildlife, wild plants and conserve natural areas, to and Wild Plants and contribute towards works of natural scientific research, and to establish Conservation of zoological gardens and botanical gardens. The Law highlights habitats Natural Areas Law maintenance and restoration, protection of endangered and rare species of both fauna and flora, establishment of new parks and protected areas, and buffer zone management. Protection and 1998 To implement the protection and preservation policy with respect to Preservation of perpetuation of cultural heritage, to protect and preserve the regional Cultural Heritage and national cultural heritage. New project in such sensitive areas is Regions Laws required to get prior approval from the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Culture. The Underground 1930 This Act provides the requirement for systematic use of ground water Water Act toward sustainable purpose. Public Health Law 1972 For promoting and safeguarding public health and to take necessary measures in respect of environmental health. Prevention and 1995 The Law highlights the functions and responsibilities of health Control of Revised personnel and citizens in relation to prevention and control of Communicable in 2011 communicable diseases. It also describes measures to be taken in Diseases Law relation to environmental sanitation, reporting and control of outbreaks of epidemics and penalties for those failing to comply. The law also authorizes the Ministry of Health to issue rules and procedures when necessary with approval of the Government Factory Act 1951 For effective EHS management in every factory: disposal of waste and effluent, and occupational health and safety management, cleanliness of site.

Laws and Year Purpose/Description Regulations Agricultural Land 2012 To protect the rights of the people working on the farmland. Law National Biodiversity 2012 The NBSAP acts as the major guiding document for planning Strategy and Action biodiversity conservation in the country, following its goal to provide a Plan strategic planning framework for the effective and efficient conservation and management of biodiversity and natural resources based on greater transparency, accountability and equity. Myanmar Investment 2012 This Law makes sure not to cause environmental pollution or damage Law in accord with existing laws in respect of investment. Myanmar Investment 2013 The Myanmar foreign investment rules contain several elements Rules dealing with environmental protection, including: Art. 33. Proposals for economic activities that are considered capital intensive by the Commission, and that are prescribed or submitted to undergo environmental impact assessment. Art. 54. The promoter or investor shall: (a) comply with Environmental Protection Law in dealing with environmental protection matters related to the business; Art. 123. If it is scrutinized and found out that the investor has carried out business that causes environmental pollution or has not taken action to minimize environmental pollution at the site for which he is entitled to lease or use, or if it is scrutinized and found that the work carried out causes nuisance to the persons who reside around such place due to noise or by culture, and if relevant persons officially object, the Commission may terminate the lease or tendering right to use after making necessary inquiry. Art. 125. The investor, for operating any business, does not have the right to lease and develop the following lands: (a) religious lands; (b) cultural heritage and natural heritage regions designated by relevant Ministries; (c) lands restricted for Union defense and security; (d) lands under litigation; (e) lands restricted by the State from time to time; (f) lands where exists place or building which may cause situations such as impact on public environment noise, pollution, impact on culture within urban residential area due to the investor business. National Sustainable 2009 This strategy concerns the sustainable management of natural Development resources, integrated economic development, and sustainable social Strategy development. Enacted Laws Mainly Laws and Rules applicable for the construction and operation of the related to Labor and 2011- projects: Safety 2016 Labor Organization Law & Rules (2011) Settlement of Labor Dispute Law & Rules(2012) Edited Settlement of Dispute Law(September, 2014) Social Security Law (2012) Social Security Rule (2012) Minimum Wages Law (2013)

Laws and Year Purpose/Description Regulations Minimum Wages Rule Employment and Skill Development Law Leave and Holiday Law (1951) Amended Law for Leave and Holiday Law 1951(July 2014) Payment of Wages Law (Jan 2016) Occupational Safety 2019 Signed by President U Win Myint on March 15, 2019, the law is and Health Law expected to pave the way for the first legally-established health and safety standards in the country. It stipulates that OSH standards will be designed “in accordance with international and regional standards and compatible to the nation’s situation". The regulations will apply to both domestic and foreign companies, joint ventures, government departments and organizations This includes the hospitality, extractive, transport, construction, retail, services and manufacturing industries.

International Agreements 19 Myanmar has also made commitments to the following international agreements and protocols on environmental, social, safety and occupational issues as shown in Table 6.

Table 6. International Agreements on Environment, Social and Occupational Safety

Date of Cabinet Relevance to International Agreement Signature Status Membership Approval Project United Nations Framework 11/06/199 25/11/1994 - 41/94 Yes (GHG Convention on Climate Change, New 2 (Ratification) reduction) York, 1992 (UNFCCC) Convention on Biological Diversity, 11/06/199 25/11/1994 - 41/94 Yes Rio de Janeiro, 1992 2 (Ratification) (Possible) International Tropical Timber 06/07/199 31/1/1996 - - No Agreement (ITTA), Geneva, 1994 5 (Ratification) Vienna Convention for the Protection - 24/11/1993 22/2/94 46/93 No of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 1985 (Ratification) Montreal Protocol on Substances - 24/11/1993 22/2/94 46/93 No that Deplete the Ozone Layer, (Ratification) Montreal, 1987 London Amendment to the Montreal - 24/11/1993 22/2/94 46/93 No Protocol on Substances that Deplete (Ratification) the Ozone Layer, London, 1990 The Convention for the Protection of - 29/4/1994 - 6/94 Yes the World Culture and Natural (Acceptance) (Possible) Heritage, Paris, 1972 United Nations Convention to - 02/01/1997 02/04/199 40/96 No Combat Desertification in Those (Accession) 7 Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and / or Desertification, Particularly in Africa, Paris, 1994

Date of Cabinet Relevance to International Agreement Signature Status Membership Approval Project (UNCCD) Convention on International Trade in - 13/6/1997 11/09/199 17/97 No Endangered Species of Wild Fauna (Accession) 7 and Flora, Washington, D.C., 1973; and this convention as amended in Bonn, Germany,1979 (CITES ASEAN Agreement on the 16/10/199 - - - No Conservation of Nature and Nature 7 Resources, Kuala Lumpur, 1985 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, 11/5/2001 - - 13/2001 No Cartagena, 2000 ASEAN Agreement on 10/06/200 13/3/2003 - 7/2003 No Transboundary Haze Pollution 2 (Ratification) Kyoto Protocol to the Convention on - 13/8/2003 - 26/2003 Yes Climate Change, Kyoto, 1997 (Accession) Stockholm Convention on Persistent - 18-4-2004 18/7/2004 14/2004 No Organic Pollutants (POPs), 2001 (Accession) Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk - - 2015 - ? Reduction, UNISDR, 2015

Project Categorization

Screening Under the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) 20 The Project has been screened under the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). It has been classified as Category B – an initial environmental examination is required.

21 A preliminary screening exercise of the proposed Project was initially carried out by the ADB and updated in November 2018 by the Consultant, based on the latest applicable ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist related to Water Supply. Screening results are presented in Annex 1.

Screening under Myanmar EIA Procedure (2019) 22 The project has been screened under the Myanmar EIA Procedure and assigned the category an “IEE Type Project”, requiring an initial environmental examination.

3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Project Description

Project Rationale and Background 23 The City of Yangon, with a population of approximately 5.2 million, is the largest city and main economic hub of Myanmar and the capital of the Yangon Region. However, the current water supply and sanitation infrastructure in Yangon City requires urgent upgrading with only 40% of households covered by the water supply system and around 1% provided with a sewerage service.

24 Approximately 66% of the water currently delivered to Yangon residents by Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) comes from the Ngamoeyeik Reservoir system. The transfer of 614MLD of this water from the reservoir to the treatment plant at Nyaunghnapin and to Aungtagon Pumping Station is by open canal, the main section of which is under the control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MOALI). The system is essentially non- resilient as the open canal is vulnerable to evaporation, infiltration and pollution, and the authority supplying the water does not have full control of the system. There is an urgent need for an enclosed, secure pipeline under the management of YCDC.

25 It is estimated that only about 9% of the households in Yangon city has access to sewerage. About 43% of households have septic tanks and the remaining 48% discharge wastewater to local drains with no treatment creating significant odor and public health issues. A wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with capacity of 15 million liters per day (MLD) (14,775 m3/day) was constructed in 2005 but is currently receiving only about 2MLD (2,300 m3/day) of sewage from the existing sewerage system constructed in the 1880s or about 1-2% of the potential sewage generated within the city. Septage collection is inadequate, due to an insufficient number of vacuum trucks.

26 Consequently, in September 2017, the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC), responsible for water supply and sanitation services in Yangon City, solicited the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide a loan for urban infrastructure improvement. This led to the conduct of a Scoping Study financed by the ADB's Urban Climate Change Resilience Trust Fund (UCCRTF), which was substantially completed by the end of March 2018. The final conclusion from the Scoping Study was ADB financing should focus on upgrading the water transfer system from YCDC's major water source, Ngamoeyeik Reservoir, together with development of a sewerage system in the W1/W2 sewerage areas comprising seven townships.

27 The City of Yangon subsequently submitted an application to the Cities Development Initiative of Asia (CDIA) on 5 March 2018 to conduct a Project Preparation Study (PPS) for the Yangon City Water Resilience Project (YCWRP) that comprised a raw water transfer pipeline, wastewater network development and a new Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP).

28 These interventions will complement the ongoing programs in the Yangon water supply and sanitation sector being undertaken by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) related to new water source development, upgrading of the water distribution system, non- revenue water (NRW) reduction, replacement of the existing Central Business District (CBD) sewerage system and capacity building in the sector.

General Overview of the Project 29 The project will provide a concrete water supply pipeline from Ngamoeyeik Reservoir to Nyaunghnapin treatment plant (about 34km) with a capacity to transfer 818 MLD. This will include a new intake structure at the reservoir, and a pumping station approximately 0.9km south of the intake. This represents a first phase that has ADB funding already earmarked. A potential second phase would include additional pumping facilities at Nyaunghnapin, and an onward pipeline to Aungtagon pumping station. The second phase could be part of a future scheme including improvements to the facilities at Hlawga lake, and designs may be subject to change.

30 The intended impact of the project is improved quality of life for Yangon residents through the improvement of water supply and sanitation infrastructure and management, thereby contributing to the urban resilience and livability of the city. This is in line with the aims of Myanmar's National Sustainable Development Plan, and the UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 - universal access to safe and affordable drinking water and sanitation by 2030

31 The outcome of the project will be 818 MLD high-quality raw water available from Ngamoeyeik Reservoir for treatment through a dedicated pipeline, providing a more secure supply to existing customers.

32 General organization of Project Components is provided in following Figure 2. The Project under the present loan will include the following facilities:

i. 818 MLD new raw water intake, ii. 0.9km long intake tunnel (2400mm diameter), iii. 818 MLD/4MVA pumping station and substation, iv. 17.1km long pressure main pipeline (2,400mm diameter), v. 2km long open-channel flow tunnel (2,700mm diameter), vi. 13.9km long gravity pipeline (2,400mm diameter), and vii. distribution system including a 205 MLD connection and a 614 MLD delivery system.

New 818 MLD Water intake 33 The location of the new proposed intake (Figure 3) is in the center of the canal (lowest area to ensure a proper inflow even under low-level conditions) feeding the existing YCDC water intake. The footbridge and the tunnel are proposed on the left bank (eastern bank) of the canal in order to allow the new tunnel to remain on the same side of the creek (no creek crossing) all the way down to the 818 MLD pumping station. The easiest access to the intake tower worksite during construction and operation will be via the crest of the dam. The short service road shall connect the intake tower footbridge to the existing service road overtopping the dam.

Location of the new water intake behind the existing YCDC Proposed location of the future water intake with intake tunnel intake to pumping station

34 The draw-off tower shall preferably be constructed during low reservoir level periods. As it is obvious that the works will be longer than a dry season, a sheet-piles cofferdam will be built to protect the works during one or two rainy seasons. The intake tower construction duration is estimated to 12 months. The existing water intake and its tunnel under the dam will not be demolished and will continue to supply water to Ngamoeyeik creek.

35 As per site conditions and topographical surveys results, the length of the 2,400 mm diameter intake tunnel should be limited to 0.9 km. The soils along the tunnel will mainly be sandy. According to the diameter of the tunnel, micro-tunnel boring machine technology is considered.

Figure 2. General Implementation of YCWRP Components.

Source: Consultant, 2019

36 Provided a maximum distance of 600 meters between each shaft is acceptable in terms of friction and pipe jacking efforts, the tunnel construction will be implemented in 2 steps involving one start shaft, one intermediate shaft and one exit shaft. The shafts transversal dimensions will be around 10 m x 10 m. The depth of the shafts will vary between 8 meters for launching shaft up to 16 meters for the intermediate shaft and exit shafts. The works duration for the 0.9 km long tunnel is likely to be as long as six months.

Pumping Station 37 The 818 MLD pumping station will consist in (i) pumping station building, (ii) control room, (iii) MCC room, (iv) gen set room, (v) fuel tank area, (vi) high tension receiving room, (vii) surge vessel slab, (viii) access, fences and gates. The pumping station building could be 18 m wide and as long as 45 m in order to accommodate the 10 full-duty and 2 stand-by pumps. The bottom slab will be around +15 mASL (7 m depth).

View of the Pumping Station location Area for PS, belonging to YCDC, next to the existing road. No forest clearing required

614 MLD Pumping Station (10 full-duty and 2 stand-by Pumps)

38 The 818 MLD PS site can be accessed all year along, and plant construction will be performed within 24 months. It will be important that the intake, tunnel and pressure main

pipeline are commissioned before or at the same time as the 818 MLD pumping station in order to allow to test the full system before to commission the pumping and hydraulic equipment.

Figure 3. Location Map of New Intake, Intake Tunnel and New Pumping Station

Source: Consultant, 2019

818 MLD Pressure Main Pipeline 39 The 818 MLD pressure main pipeline (Figure 4) interior diameter is 2,400 mm. The material recommended is RCCP but steel pipes with long-lasting coatings and protections could also be matching with design criteria. The 818 MLD pressure main pipeline will transport the water along 17.1 km from the pumping station to the open-channel flow tunnel (high point). The 818 MLD pressure main pipeline sequence would the following:

. 0.8 km along the YCDC road from pumping station to an intermediary high point 4,000 m3 reservoir necessary to protect the pipeline against water hammer, . 3 km along the YCDC road from the surge reservoir to the junction with the Phaungyi road, . 11.2 km along the right of way (East side) of the Phaungyi road (under MOC), . 2.1 km along the secondary road right of way (under MOC) up to the high point and open-channel flow tunnel inlet. 40 In order to protect the pressure main against water hammer, the construction of a 4,000 m3 surge water tank at the first intermediary high point downstream of the pumping station is recommended. In order to allow a 4,000 m3 storage a 4 m storage height by 18 m radius circular

reinforced concrete tank is proposed. The circular geometry will indeed offer a better resistance to seismic loads and limit the risk of accumulation of sediments.

41 For concrete pipes, the wall thickness expected for 2,400 m interior diameter pipes is 0.2 m. 2,800 mm exterior diameter pipes could be expected. The dead load would be around 4 tons/m. If RCCP are selected, the pipes will be manufactures near the site as per the following sequence: (i) rolling steel plate, (ii) welding, (iii) welding steel cylinders, (iv) installing steel bar reinforcement cage over the cylinder, (v) casting concrete, (vi) unmolding and curing, (vii) delivering to site. 2,400 mm interior diameter pipes are expected to have a 0.2 m wall thickness and could be as short as 3 meters for manutention and dead load purposes especially.

42 About 0.9 m is necessary on each side of the pipe to shore the soils and lay it safely, a 4.6 m wide trench could be necessary. As per the requirement of YCDC to lay the pipe constantly under a minimal soil cover of 1.5m, the depths of excavations will always be superior to 5 m (1.5 m soil cover + 2.8 m pipe + 0.7 m laying bed). The depth of excavations will actually vary mainly between 5 and 7.5 m. In order to evacuate properly the air at the high points locations as well as to protect the raw water transfer system, the installation of air valves at each high point and every 1 km maximum is recommended. The 17.1 km long pressure main pipeline will cross the Pazundaung/Ngamoeyeik creek three times. Independent bridge facilities will be built to support the pipeline next to existing bridges.

43 It is anticipated that a maximum of 15 meters (five pipes approximately) may be installed per day. At this critical progress rate, 2 teams shall be mobilized permanently and simultaneously in order to lay the 17.1 km long pressure main pipeline in less than 3 years.

Figure 4. Location Map of 2,400 mm Pressure Main Pipeline

Source: Consultant, 2019

818 MLD Open Channel Tunnel 45 Due to the existence of a hill with altimetry nearing +50 mASL, the creation of a tunnel across the hill has been proposed as optimal solution to limit both the depth of excavations and the pumping energy costs to raise the pipe and water energy line above the hill. The length of the tunnel will be around 2 km.

46 For optimal hydraulic operations and maintenance purposes, the 818 MLD tunnel (Figure 5) has been designed as an open-channel tunnel. This means that the flow will not be a full-section pressurized flow but a partially filled flow at the pressure of the atmospheric pressure. For these reasons, the tunnel shall be a bit larger than the pressure main pipe and a 2700mm diameter tunnel has been pre-designed. As per the diameter of the tunnel, tunneling and micro-tunneling boring machine technologies could be envisaged but since the limited length of the overall tunnel and the fact that a micro-tunnel boring machine and plant will be mobilized, the micro-tunnel boring machine technology is proposed.

Example of Micro-tunnel Boring Machine worksite View of hilly area below which tunnel passes

47 The soils along the tunnel will be mainly stiff clays. Stiff clays offer quite ideal situations since it is easier to maintain the initial bore and to place and maintain a suitably pressurized fluid in the annular space. Water can be used as a lubricant for micro-tunneling in soft clays.

48 Provided a maximum distance of 600 metres between each shaft is acceptable in terms of friction and pipe jacking efforts, the tunnel construction could be implemented in 4 steps involving one launching shaft, three intermediate shafts and one exit shaft. The shafts transversal dimensions would be around 10 m x 10 m. The depth of the shafts would vary between 7 meters for launching and exit shafts up to 20 m for the intermediate shaft n°3.

818 MLD Gravity Pipeline and Delivery System to Nyaunghnapin 49 The 818 MLD gravity pipeline inlet is located (Figure 6) at the gravity tunnel outlet (see next section of report).

50 The pipe will be 2,400 mm diameter, and implementation (trench size) is similar to that described for pressure pipe. The head provided by the open-channel flow and altimetry of the tunnel allows to lay the pipe at limited depths. The working pressure along the gravity pipeline will nevertheless not exceed 1.5 bar and will almost be always below 1 bar.

Figure 5. Location Map of 2,700 mm Open-channel Tunnel

Source: Consultant, 2019

Satellite Overview of the Open-Channel Flow Tunnel Source: Consultant, 2019

Figure 6. Location Map of 2,400 mm Gravity Pipeline to Nyaunghnapin WTP.

Source: Consultant, 2019

51 614 MLD Deliver System at Nyaunghnapin (Figure 7) is designed to comply with following conditions: (i) 205 MLD are delivered to the future Nyaunghnapin Pumping Station via a tee and flow control system, (ii) the 614 MLD distribution system shall allow to regulate the head and flow.

52 The distribution system pre-designed consists of (i) the 2,400 mm gravity underground pipeline, (ii) a control system consisting in 4 sub-pipes equipped with motorized butterfly valves, (iii) a 21 m x 21 m square buffer tanks, (iv) an 11m large weir and (v) a distribution system consisting of an open canal distributing the 614 MLD to the Nyaunghnapin Water Treatment Plant phase 1, 2 and 3 (in the future).

Figure 7. Cross-Section of the 614 MLD Distribution System

Source: CDIA YCWRP, Preliminary Design Report (2019)

53 The proposed site for the 614 MLD distribution system belongs to YCDC and is a low land. Since it could become particularly vulnerable to flood in case of urban/industrial development of the surrounding areas (development projects such as KMIC project increase run-off) and to Climate Change (increased intensity of rainfall), it is considered an over-elevation of the structure by +1m above the existing ground level.

Schedule 54 The overall work (Figure 8) related to the 614 MLD distribution system should not exceed 8 months.

Figure 8. Overall Construction Schedule

Source : CDIA YCWRP Preliminary Design Report, 2019

4 BASELINE SITUATION

Regional Geology, Soils and Seismicity 56 Geology in the Project area is sedimentary. The sediments are mainly of the molasse facies type. These are composed of sandstones and clays which are fossiliferous. This sedimentary and clayey context is reflected by the results of the geotechnical survey (February- March 2019) carried along the pipeline route and which describes mainly rock-free sandy and clayey soils.

57 The YCWRP project area (Figure 9) is located in the southern part of the Pegu-Yoma fault and about 35 to 40 km west of the Sagaing fault. The region is earthquake prone as it lies just outside the major earthquake-hazard zone (the Bago-Taungoo zone) and along the southern segment of the Sagaing Fault. Historical sources recorded that during the 19th Century, Yangon experienced five moderate earthquakes and five slight shocks with limited consequences. Since 1900, 14 earthquakes were recorded in the Yangon area. Of these, three were moderate earthquakes (on December 17, 1927, September 9, 1970, and September 15, 1994) with a modified Mercalli (MM) VI-VII intensity. Myanmar’s strongest recorded earthquake occurred on May 5, 1930 in the Bago region and had an intensity estimated in the range of MM VII-VIII. The Bago earthquake originated from the Sagaing Fault with the epicenter approximately 30km south of Bago or approximately 50 km from Yangon. The earthquake caused significant destruction and a reported death toll of approximately 500 persons throughout Bago. Considerable damage and approximately 50 additional deaths were also reported in Yangon.

58 Liquefaction takes place when loosely compacted, cohesionless, and water-logged soils at or near the ground surface lose their strength in response to dynamic earthquake loading. A high proportion of Yangon City has been developed on reclaimed land or is located on loose alluvium deposits which are considered to be highly vulnerability to liquefaction in many places. The southern area of Yangon City is considered more prone to liquefaction than the northern area.

Figure 9. Geological and Tectonic Context of YCWRP Project Area

Source: CDIA PPS Consultant, Preliminary Design report, 2019

Climate 59 The Project area in mid-Myanmar lies in the humid tropics. There is a marked wet season of 5-6 months of heavy rainfall followed by 6-7 months with very little rain including the dry, cooler period from November through March.

Rainfall 60 In Figure 10, the average monthly rainfall data are shown for Ngamoeyeik, together with monthly data for a dry (2010) and a wet year (2007), derived from the 21 year of recordings. On this basis it is concluded that the wet seasons ends around November 1st and the dry season presently lasts for about 6 months, not counting the bits of rain in November or April. It should be realized, however, that in the future the climate change scenarios for Myanmar predict a reduction of the wet season and lengthening of the dry season by some 10 days or more. The result will be a dry period of about 190 to 200 days. Over the period, the average total rainfall appears to be 2615 mm/year. Wettest year (2007) received 4603 mm rainfall and the driest (2010) 2158 mm.

Figure 10. Overview of Average Monthly Rainfall at Ngamoeyeik

Source: MOALI, Irrigation Department

61 It is notable and important for the project that only few percent of the annual rainfall occur during November–April, the dry season during which site preparation and earth-works should be concentrated. Particularly for the water intake, implementation of the coffer dam and excavation works should preferably be implemented near the end of the dry season, when the water level in the reservoir is going close to the lowest, to minimize risk of sediment release in the water.

Temperature 62 Temperature in Project region, as reflected by records of Mingaladon meteorological station for period 1981-2010, remains high all along the year as presented in Figure 11. January is the most contrasted month with about 15°C amplitude between maximum and minimum temperature while period June to August presents only few degrees amplitude. Average minimum monthly temperature never drops below 17°C.

Figure 11. Monthly Max and Min Temperature in Migaladon

Wind 63 Wind speed in Yangon experiences significant seasonal variation over the course of the year. The windier part of the year lasts for about 4 months, from May to August, with average wind speeds over 8 miles per hour. The quieter part of year lasts for 8 months, from September to April. The average wind speed during this period is around 6 miles per hour. During the pre- monsoon months up to June, the wind blows dominantly from Southwest direction. During the monsoon months of July and August, the wind blows also dominantly Southwest. During post- monsoon months of September up to withdrawal date, the wind blows partly from Southwest and partly from Northeast. Coastal areas are submitted to stronger wind than inland areas.

Humidity 64 Yangon region experiences extreme seasonal variation in the perceived humidity (Figure 12). According to average humidity conditions of the Yangon region, July is the most humid month of the year and January is the least one. The average annual percentage of humidity is 76.0%.

Figure 12. Annual Percentage of Humidity in Yangon Region

Climate Change 65 The expected changes in temperature and rainfall for the project area are presented below.

Forecasted Trends in Yangon Region

Temperature and Rainfall 66 Results for Yangon region are provided in the Table 7.

Table 7. New Climate Change Projections for Yangon Region

Annual Maximum Temp. Increase (°c) Annual Minimum Temp. Increase (°c) Rainfall Increase (%) 2021 2041 2061 2081 2021 2041 2061 2081 2021 2041 2061 2081 2040 2060 2080 2100 2040 2060 2080 2100 2040 2060 2080 2100 RCP 4.5 (Medium-Low Emission Scenario) 0.8-1.2 1.3-2.0 1.8-2.9 2.3-3.8 0.8-1.2 1.4-1.9 1.8-2.3 2.0-2.5 3-14 5-15 12-30 25-40 RCP 8.5 (High Emission Scenario) 1.0-1.3 1.6-2.1 2.4-3.1 3.3-4.1 0.9-1.4 1.8-2.4 2.5-3.4 3.4-4.3 6-13 14-25 12-44 10-31 Source: DMH new projection for RCP 4.5 & 8.5 (2016)

67 In Yangon by the end of the century (2100) forecasted Annual Maximum Temperature is expected to increase by 2.3-3.8 °C (RCP 4.5) or by 3.3-4.1 (RCP 8.5).

Sea Level Rise

68 Sea level rise projections developed for the entire coastline of Myanmar take into account global and regional components that contribute to changes in sea level including thermal expansion and local ocean height (ocean component), loss of land ice, global land water storage. The results do not take into account local land subsidence considered negligible along much of Myanmar coastline.

69 Globally, the sea level is projected to rise 0.26 to 0.82m by 2100. The regional sea level is predicted to rise by another 10 per cent. If sea level rises by 0.5 m, the shoreline on the Ayeyarwaddy delta would move inland by 10 kilometers, with tremendous impact on local communities and agriculture. A similar phenomenon will affect the delta rivers (as the Yangon river) as these rivers are all tidal ones.

70 Middle range projections of sea level raise above 2000-2004 base period levels in Myanmar are anticipated to reach: . 5 to 13 cm by 2020s (2020-2029), . 20 to 41 cm by 2050s, . 37 to 83cm by 2080s (and could even rise as high as 122 cm2).

71 Following Table 8 provides the range of projections for Yangon for 4 percentiles3.

Table 8. Sea Level Raise Projections for Yangon Coastal Zone (in cm)

Percentile Time Slice 10th 25th 75th 90th 2020-2029 3 5 13 18 2050-2059 14 20 40 56 2080-2089 21 37 81 121 Source: Assessing Climate Risk in Myanmar, Technical Report, 2017, DMH, MCCA, WWF Myanmar, UN Habitat

72 In Yangon Port, highest high-water level (HHWL) including tidal condition is +6.74 m, and mean water level (MWL) is + 3.121 m. Ground elevation is normally assumed to MWL. The difference between HHWL and MWL around Yangon port is approximately+ 3.619 m (6.74 - 3.121 m) above the ground elevation basis4.

73 Sea level rise will have significant detrimental impacts on low coastal lands (flooding, soil clogging, water and soil salinity) and will also worsen the impact of extreme events as typhoons through storm surge. According to the Centre for International Earth Science Information Network of Columbia University, data shows that over five percent of Myanmar’s land area lies below five meters in elevation, an area that is home to an estimated 11 percent of

2 Assessing Climate Risk in Myanmar, Technical Report, 2017, DMH, MCCA, WWF Myanmar, UN Habitat, from Horton, R., C. Lesk, D. Peters, M. De Mel, D. Bader, H. Helsingen, R. Bartlett, P. Capizzi, and C. Rosenzweig (2016) Climate Risk Information for Myanmar. New York, NY, USA; Centre for Climate Systems Research at Columbia University, and WWF-Myanmar. 3 A percentile refers to what percentage of the outcomes fall beneath a certain threshold. For example, the value shown for the 90th percentile means that 90% of the model outcomes fall below that number, while 10% of the outcomes are higher. The table shows the 10th percentile (low estimate), 25th p. (lower-middle estimate), 75th p. (upper-middle estimate and 90th p. (high estimate) 4 Infrastructure Improvement in Yangon City, Scoping Study, JICA, 2018

the population, a number that is predicted to climb to nearly 14 percent by the end of the century.

Summary of Climate Change Forecasts

74 A review of climate change studies for Myanmar in general and Yangon region in particular leads to the following observations and forecasts:

. Higher intensity and frequency of cyclones and strong winds. . Temperature is anticipated to increase. In Yangon by the end of the century (2100) forecasted annual maximum temperature is expected to increase by 2.3-3.8 °C (RCP 4.5) or by 3.3-4.1 (RCP 8.5). Frequency of extreme heat days (>39.3°C) is forecasted to increase in the future, from 1 day/month (April) at present to 3-6 days/month by 2040 and to 7-14 days by 2070. Increase in frequency of hottest days will have impacts on public health, electricity consumption and on irrigation requirements. . Rainfall has become more variable, including erratic and record-breaking intense rainfall events. Every year, Myanmar experiences intense rainfall. One of the features of rainfall in Greater Yangon is its short duration and high intensity which is a major cause of flooding in downtown Yangon. . The late onset and early withdrawal of the monsoon means that its normal average duration has decreased reducing the cropping period below the 130 days which is a minimum critical period for most crops. Also, considering in parallel the progressive increase of rainfall, it means that rainfall will come with more intensity as the rainy season reduces in duration. Also, this will expend the duration of the dry season with more impact on water resources management for irrigation and water supply by the end of the dry season. . Sea level rise is forecasted to reach 5 to 13 cm by 2020s (2020-2029), 20 to 41 cm by 2050s and 37 to 83cm by 2080s (and could even rise as high as 122 cm).

Water Resources 75 The YCWRP relies on the Ngamoeyeik reservoir water resources from where additional 205 MLD to present 614 MLD will be transferred to Nyaunghnapin water treatment plant and eventually to Yangon city. The storage capacity of Ngamoeyeik reservoir created 25 years ago was later extended though 2 small additional reservoirs discharging in Ngamoeyeik, PaungLin and Mahuyar.

Figure 13. Monsoon Withdrawal in South Myanmar Areas from 1955 to 2015

Source: ADB, Ngamoeyeik Reservoir Simulation Component, 2019

76 Storage capacities of these reservoirs are provided in the Table 9.

Table 9. Overview of Reservoir Volumes

Ngamoeyeik PaungLin MahuYar Description acreft Million m3 acreft Million m3 acre ft Million m3 Reservoir Volume et Full Level 180 000 222 119 200 147 54 000 67 Dead Storage Volume 12,000 15 4 750 6 2 500 3 Live Storage Available 168 000 207 114 450 141 51 500 64 Total Combined Live Storage 412 Mm3 Source: ADB, Ngamoeyeik Reservoir Simulation Component, 2019

77 At present, water from Ngamoeyeik is discharged in the Main Irrigation Canal down to a repartitor from where water is distributed (i) to the Ngamoeyeik Irrigation Scheme through 2 irrigation canals and (ii) to Nyaunghnapin water treatment plant (409 MLD) and Aungtagon Pumping Station (205 MLD) through the YCDC canal.

78 Water demand for irrigation has been tentatively estimated by the Ngamoeyeik Reservoir Simulation Component. The average cropped area over the last 11 years (2007- 2017) appeared to be about 25,000 acre or about 10,000 ha. With the Irrigation Department (ID) standard for irrigation water supply (1,4 l/s/ha including 0,4 l/s/ha field losses) this brings the total demand over the cropping season to 145 Mm3.

79 The Ngamoeyeik dam/reservoir operational office has reported releases for irrigation of 181 Mm3 per cropping season (120 days) over the period 2007-2017. That would indicate a conveyance loss of 36 Mm3 per season plus a field loss of 41 Mm3. However, the ID also reports a maximum amount of 202.8 Mm3 per season based on a conveyance loss estimate of 29% resulting in 58 Mm3 and a field loss of 20% or 41 Mm3.

80 Total irrigation efficiency is only about 50% at present. Rehabilitation of irrigation facilities and improvement of irrigation practices could result in very significant reduction of water use. Aside from the Ngamoeyeik reservoir and Ngamoeyeik Creek, there are no other major water bodies in the project area.

Air Quality 81 Area is mainly rural, without significant industries, and no point sources are identified which could affect air quality. Main source of pollution is related to non-point sources as road traffic along the roads, burning of solid wastes, cooking with fuelwood. An air quality and noise survey were carried out between June 29 and July 5 2019. Air quality and noise were measured in the following 5 stations located in urbanized areas along the proposed pipeline route:

. AQN-1. Junction between YCDC road and main road (Hpa Yar Kone village) . AQN-2. Main road: Hi Ku village1 . AQN-3. Main road: Gyoth Kone village . AQN-4. Secondary road: Nga Su Taung village . AQN-5. Secondary road within future Korean Development zone (near fill storage of Lucky Star Co.)

82 Main results are provided in Table 10 below. Full survey report for air, noise and water quality is provided in Supplementary Appendix 3. Results of Air Quality Survey (24 hours continuous monitoring.

Table 10. Air Quality Monitoring Results

Sampling Stations EQEG Parameter Units (Myanmar) AQN-1 AQN-2 AQN-3 AQN-4 AQN-5 Particulate Matter 2.5 µg/m3 18.90 15.09 27.07 16.53 18.88 25

Particulate Matter 10 µg/m3 28.68 23.95 41.44 33.05 28.99 50

Relative Humidity % 73.01 74.69 74.87 79.22 76.56 -

3 SO2 µg/m 11.22 8.81 15.59 18.26 18.91 20

83 There is no 24-hours guideline value for NO2 in Myanmar National Emission guideline. So, target values of NO2 were applied by the one-hour guideline value of Myanmar EQEG (200 µg/m3). Results are summarized in Figure 14.

Figure 14. Hourly Concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide in Sampling Stations

250

200

150

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

AQN-1 AQN-2 AQN-3 AQN-4 AQN-5 Myanmar Guideline

Source: Resource & Environment Myanmar Co. Ltd., 2019

Figure 15. Hourly Concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide in Sampling Stations

Daytime Night Time 67 61 60 57 57 56 54 51 50 48

AQN-1 AQN-2 AQN-3 AQN-4 AQN-5

Source: Resource & Environment Myanmar Co. Ltd., 2019

84 According to the survey result, PM2.5, PM10 and SO2 recorded for 24hrs are always compliant with applicable Myanmar EQEG except for PM2.5 measured in Gyoth Kone village 3 which is slightly above the guideline (27.07 against 25 µg/m ). NO2 measured on an hourly basis is always compliant in the 5 sampling stations (Figure 15).

Noise Level Survey 85 The noise level results were compared against daytime and night time limits of Myanmar National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guideline for residential, institutional and educational receptors, i.e. 55 dB(A) for day time and 45 dB(A) for night time. Results are detailed in following Table 11. Except daytime noise levels measured in AQN 4, noise levels at all monitoring stations exceed Myanmar EQEG. Main sources of noise observed during monitoring include vehicles and motorbike, music from outside loudspeakers, dogs barking and heavy rains during recording.

Table 11. Results of Noise Surveys.

AQN-1 AQN-2 AQN-3 AQN-4 AQN-5 7:00-8:00 54 59 64 52 51 8:00-9:00 51 63 72 46 52 9:00-10:00 54 52 62 48 53 10:00-11:00 55 59 69 51 53 11:00-12:00 56 62 62 45 55 12:00-13:00 56 62 56 51 50 13:00-14:00 70 60 60 51 57 14:00-15:00 55 53 74 44 60 15:00-16:00 55 61 60 56 59 16:00-17:00 51 65 61 47 64 17:00-18:00 52 62 59 62 59 18:00-19:00 60 58 67 52 53 19:00-20:00 54 59 66 51 54 20:00-21:00 50 61 68 49 54 21:00-22:00 51 61 69 58 51 22:00-23:00 49 61 63 49 46 23:00-24:00 47 57 57 51 52 24:00-01:00 54 51 54 48 47 01:00-02:00 47 52 53 50 47 02:00-03:00 45 51 55 51 45 03:00-04:00 45 56 50 46 47 04:00-05:00 51 55 48 54 45 05:00-06:00 55 54 51 48 48 06:00-07:00 54 52 58 48 50 Source: Resource & Environment Myanmar Co. Ltd., 2019

Water Quality 86 Water quality survey was also organized in July 2019. 6 sampling stations were selected:

. SW-1. Ngamoeyeik Reservoir next to existing water intake, . SW-2. Ngamoeyeik Reservoir north of proposed location of new water intake . SW-3. Ngamoeyeik creek bridge crossing (in Hpa Yar Kone village on the main road) . SW-4. Ngamoeyeik creek bridge crossing (next to Gyoth Kone village)

. SW-5. Ngamoeyeik creek bridge along rural road . SW-6. Nyaunghnapin raw water inlet

87 Sampling stations are presented in Table 12 below. There is no surface water quality guideline in Myanmar except general wastewater guideline in Myanmar EQEG applicable to site runoff and wastewater discharge from construction sites. Even if not directly applicable to natural surface water, this guideline is provided in following table as parameters selected here concern mainly those to be monitored in construction sites effluent discharges.

Table 12. Results of Water Quality Survey

Sampling Stations Parameter Units EQEG SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 SW-5 SW-6 pH (25°C) pH unit 7.9 7.6 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.5 6-9

EC (25°C) µmhos/cm 110 113 82.1 57.7 61.9 104 -

Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 95 96 213 100 104 83 -

Tot. Suspended Solids mg/l 8.3 6.1 495 86 106 17.7 50

BOD5 mg/l 2.7 1.9 1.3 2.7 1.8 1.1 30 COD mg/l 32 32 71 55 52 42 125

Oil & Grease mg/l 3 3 5 4 4 3 10

Total Nitrogen mg/l 2.38 2.88 2.02 2.22 1.67 1.12 -

Total phosphorus mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND -

Total Coliforms Cfu/100ml 35,000 14,000 35,000 54,00 92,000 13,000 400

Fecal Coliforms Cfu/100ml 200 1,100 7,900 2,300 2,700 2,100 - Source: Resource & Environment Myanmar Co. Ltd., 2019

88 The results show a general good quality of water, except for coliforms contamination. BOD5 remains below 3 which indicates limited contamination by urban wastewater, in accordance with the sanitation systems prevailing in the villages (latrines). COD also is rather limited but increasing in the creek, most certainly because of pollution from domestic waste dumped in the creek. Nutrient levels (nitrogen and phosphorus) are low (even no detectable for phosphorus) confirming the good health of the reservoir (no present sign of eutrophication) and the absence of significant organic discharges in the reservoir and in the section of the creek surveyed. However, the water is not drinkable at present considering the levels of total and fecal coliforms observed. To be noticed the high values of contamination of station SW-6 corresponding to water supplied at Nyaunghnapin through the irrigation and YCDC canals.

Figure 16. Location of Air, Noise and Water Quality Sampling Stations.

Source: IEE Consultant

Biological Environment 89 The area consists mainly in a flat plain developed for paddy production, mainly on a rainfed basis but also on an irrigated basis for the most downstream part of the plain. As a result, the region is not forested, vegetation being mostly limited to shrubs and small trees used for fuelwood production and by planted trees along the roads.

90 Main forested vegetation is constituted by the trees planted along the roads and which provide fuelwood to the villagers installed along the roads. A survey was carried out by the Consultant along the whole Project area to identify tree species which may potentially be affected by the Project. From Ngamoeyeik to Nyaunghnapin, all species observed and identified are listed in Table 13.

Table 13. Tree species identified within the project area (3 road sections)

No Scientific Name Myanmar Name e Common Nam Family 1 Acacia auriculiformis Malaysia Pitauk Japanese Acacia Leguminosae 2 Acacia mangium Ma Gyan Sha pin Mangium Leguminosae 3 Albizia procera Sit pin Lebbek tree Febaceae 4 Areca catechu Kwan thi pin Betel palm Palmae 5 Artocarpus heterophyllus Pein ne pin Jack fruit Sapotaceae 6 Azadirachta indica Tamar Neem tree Meliaceae 7 Bamboo spp. War yone Bamboo Gramineae 8 Bauhinia variegata Swe taw pin Bauhinia Leguminosae 9 Bombax ceiba Letpan pin Red cotton tree Bombacaceae 10 Borassus flabellifer Htan pin Palmyra tree Palmaceae 11 Butea monosperma Pauk pin Flame of the forest Fabaceae 12 Carica papaya Thinpaw Papaya Caricaceae 13 Cassia fistula Ngu war pin Golden shower Caesalpinioideae 14 Chukrasia tabularis Yin Mar Pin Indian mahogany Meliaceae 15 Cocos nucifera Ohne pin Coconut Arecaceae 16 Crateva religiosa Ka tat pin Three leaved craper Capparaceae 17 Croton oblongifolius That yin gyi pin Unknown Euphorbiaceae 18 Delonix regia Sein pan ni Flamboyant Caesalpinioideae 19 Dimocarpus longan Laychuthi/ lichi nyo Longan Sapindaceae 20 Dolichandrone spathacea Tha khut Mangrove trumpet tree Bignoniaceae 21 Dypsis lutescens Ohne pan pin Lucky bamboo bush Arecaceae 22 Elaeis guineensis Si Ohne Oil palm Palmae 23 Eucalyptus globulus Labill U kalit Australian Fever Tree Myrtaceae 24 Ficus benghalensis Nyaung Gyat Banyan tree Moraceae 25 Ficus benjamina Nyaung Pin Ficus benjamina Moraceae 26 Ficus recemosa Tha phan pin Fig tree Moraceae 27 Gliricidia sepium Panama Ngu Quick Stick Leguminosae 28 Grewia microcos Mya yar pin Microcos Tiliaceae 29 Haplophragma adenophyllum Phat than Katsagon/Marodphali Bignoniaceae 30 Lagerstroemia speciosa Pyin ma Queens flower Lythraceae 31 Libocedrus plumosa Htinsyupadaytha Pine Pinaceae 32 Mangifera indica Tha yat Mango Anacardiaceae 33 Mesua Ferrea Kant kaw Ironwood tree Calophyllaceae 34 Millingtonia hortensis A Ka Yit pin Indian cork tree/ Bignoniaceae 35 Mimusops elengi Kha yay Star flower Sapoteae 36 Musa spp Hgnat pyaw pin Banana/plantain Musaceae 37 Nauclea orientalis Ma au Yellow cheese wood Rubiaceae 38 Oroxylum indicum Kyaung shar pin Indian Trumpet flower Bignoniaceae

No Scientific Name Myanmar Name e Common Nam Family 39 Pithecellobium lobatum. Da nyin pin Jengkol/dogfruit Fabaceae 40 Polyalthia longifolia Yay tamar False Asokha Annonaceae 41 Pterocarpus macrocarpus Pi Tauk Rose wood Papilionaceae 42 Samanea saman Kokko Rain Tree Fabaceae 43 Senna siamea Me zali pin Cassia Siamea tree Caesalpiniaceae 44 Simarouba amara Si tha pyay Simarouba Simaroubaceae 45 Spondias pinnata Gway pin Hog Plum Anacardiaceae 46 Streblus asper Ohne nae/Say yoe Siamese rough bush Moraceae 47 Tamarindus indica Man kyi pin Tamarind Fabaceae 48 Tectona grandis Kyun pin Teak Tree Verbenaceae 49 Terminalia catappa Bandar/Bardan Almond Tree Combretaceae 50 Terminalia bellirica Thit seint Bastard myrobalan Combretaceae 51 Zelacca wallichiana Yin ngan Snake fruit tree/Salak Arecaceae 52 Zizyphus jujuba Zee pin Jujube tree Rhamnaceae Source: YCWRP Consultant, 2019

91 All these trees have been planted by the Ministry of Construction (MOC) along the main road, by YCDC along the YCDC road after the construction of these roads. Along the main road, Samanea saman (Rain Tree) was originally planted by MOC and provides today most of the strongest trees. Between the Rain trees, Forest Department planted quantities of Acacia auriculiformis and Tectona grandis to stabilize the soil and provide villagers with fuelwood. Other species were also planted but in much smaller number. Because of their use as source of fuelwood, trees are of generally of small size due to their branches regularly cut. Other trees observed have, for part of them, been planted by individuals or by religious communities within the road right of way.

FLOODED WOOD COLLECTED IN NGAMOEYEIK RESERVOIR FOR CHARCOAL BAGS FROM NGAMOEYEIK RESERVOIR PRODUCTION OF FUELWOOD

READY TO SELL FUELWOOD FROM NGAMOEYEIK BEFORE PRODUCTION OF FUELWOOD FROM LOCAL SOURCES IN A VILLAGE TRANSPORT TO URBAN AREAS ALONG THE MAIN ROAD.

92 Among these trees, few species benefit of special consideration. Banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis and Ficus benjamina) which has a spiritual value and often shelters Buddhist representations (which are abandoned) and spirit houses. Another species is teak tree (Tectona grandis) the cutting of which requires special authorization from the Forest Department. However, teak specimens observed along the road are generally of very small size (less than 30 cm diameter) and show at present no economic value except as fuelwood.

93 Fuelwood is the source of energy for cooking of almost 80% of the population in Hlegu District. Due to the scarcity of forested areas in the Project zone, the main sources of fuelwood are (i) the road vegetation where branches a regularly cut, (iii) bushes islets scattered within paddy fields and (ii) the Ngamoeyeik reservoir area mainly during the last 2 or 3 months of the dry season, when the water level is low.

94 Flooded wood is collected and transported by boat for cutting and marketing or, more frequently, cut into fuelwood pieces ready to sell on collection site (small islands in the reservoir) or transformed into charcoal. Charcoal production and consumption seems limited and most of the wood recovered from the reservoir is eventually sold as fuelwood. The cost of fuelwood is quite significant for a family. A small bunch of fuelwoods (5 pieces about 60 cm long) is sold 500 MMK and about 4 bunches (2,000 MMK) is required per day for a family of 5, or 60,000 MMK (USD 40) per month.

Protected Areas, Sensitive Ecology and Biodiversity 95 The pipeline route is not crossing any protected area (national park, protected forest). The Project does not involve forest crossing, clearing or creation of access in forested area. The project does not cross wetlands. The Project involves only the cutting of tree planted along the road RoW. The survey results presented above confirms that no species observed is classified as CR/EN as per IUCN, and none of those species observed is listed by CITES. Only 2 species deserve particular attention: Banyan tree for its cultural value and teak tree which requires specific authorization for cutting. Adequate provisions are included in the EMP to address those concerns.

96 A supplementary rapid assessment was conducted using secondary data to assess the project’s possible encroachment on, or impact to, legally protected areas, sites internationally

recognized for their biodiversity value, and CR/EN as well as restricted range species. The following primary sources of data were utilized:

 IBAT;  The World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas website (WPDA);  Important Bird Areas (Birdlife International);  Ramsar website;  IUCN Redlist;  UNEP-WCMC (2017) Global Critical Habitat screening layer

97 These were supported by general searches for information and data on the project area. The search area for designated sites shown in Figure below.

Figure 17: Area of Analysis for rapid critical habitat assessment.

Source: Basemap Google Earth

98 Protected sites. The assessment concludes that there is a single protected site within the study area. This is national designation for biodiversity and referred to as Hlawga Reservoir. This lies some 3 km to the west of the southern end of the pipeline (see Section 3, Figure 2). This site was designated in 1989, is managed by the Forestry Department and is reported to be 6.23 km2 in area.

Figure 18: Hlawga Reservoir National Protected Area Boundary.

Source: Basemap Google Earth

99 Biodiversity sites. There are two Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) within the study area, both are related to Hlawga Reservoir as set out above. The two sites are shown in Figure 3-3. A smaller area, north of a dissecting road is referred to as Hlawga Park and is reported to be 603 Ha in area and designated for one species of bird, the Pale-capped pigeon (Columba punicea), IUCN Red List Vulnerable) and one mammal, the Hog deer (Axis porcinus) which is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Global Red List. The area, or at least part of it is reported to be managed as an open zoo facility.

100 The second KBA lies south of the dividing road and is referred to as the Hlawga Reservoir, the same name as the Protected Area but with a different boundary. This site is some 2,300 Ha in area and designated for one mammal species, the Hog deer and two plants species, Dipterocarpus alatus and Hopea odorata both of which are IUCN Red List Vulnerable species.

101 There are no other known sites within the study area.

Figure 19: Location of Key Biodiversity Areas.

Source: IBAT (January 2020)

102 Endangered (EN) and Critically Endangered (CR) Species. The IBAT search for the area shown in Figure 3-1 plus the IBAT Buffer produced a long list of Threatened1 Species based on the IUCN categorixation and species assessments. The large study area and buffer meant that this listing included marine and estuarine species associated with the Yangon delta which lies to the south of the study area. The list was filtered for CR and EN species and to remove marine related species. This produced a list of twenty-three species, of which eight are CR, the remaining fifteen being EN.

103 A review of the 23 CR and EN species is presented in Table below. This shows that there are a small number of species which are relevant to the current project.

Scientific Name Common name IUCN Notes Status

Indotestudo elongata Elongated Tortoise CR IUCN range mapping shows this species range abuts the study area. The species is mainly found in deciduous forest land.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Batagur trivittata Burmese Roofed Turtle CR IUCN consider this species is likely to be extinct in Myanmar. The species was formerly recorded from the River Sittaung, however, the Wildlife Conservation Society of Myanmar considers that the species is regionally extinct.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Manis javanica Sunda Pangolin CR Prefers primary and secondary woodland habitats as forms den in old tree hollows.

Scientific Name Common name IUCN Notes Status

 Possibly located in project area, primary threat is illegal poaching. Gyps bengalensis White-rumped Vulture CR Considered regionally extinct in Myanmar.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Sarcogyps calvus Red-headed Vulture CR Considered extinct in Myanmar - Species of open areas away from human habitation.

 Unlikely to be located within project area, or adversely affected by the project. Panthera pardus Indochinese Leopard CR Considered extinct in the study area part of ssp.delacouri Myanmar.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Gyps tenuirostris Slender-billed Vulture CR It inhabits dry open country and forested areas usually away from human habitation, considered to be extinct in Myanmar.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Emberiza aureola Yellow-breasted CR A species which has declined rapidly - winter visit to Bunting the area and may utilize agricultural habitats of project area.

 Possibly located in project area, primary threat is illegal trapping during migration (at winter sites) Bos javanicus Banteng EN IUCN mapping shows this species present to the north of the proposed project and not within the alignment. This species prefers deciduous woodlands.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Cuon alpinus Dhole EN Present throughout Myanmar, a carnivore dependent upon prey supply and prefers medium size prey.

 Factors contributing to this decline include habitat loss, loss of prey, competition with other species, persecution due to livestock predation and disease transfer from domestic dogs. Unlikely to be affected by project. Trachypithecus Phayre’s Leaf-monkey EN Present throughout Myanmar. An arboreal species phayrei preferring Primary or secondary evergreen forest.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Viverra megaspila Large-spotted Civet EN Present across low lying areas of Myanmar, prefers natural forest habitats but is recorded from disturbed areas near to natural habitats.

 Possibly located in project area, primary

Scientific Name Common name IUCN Notes Status

threat is illegal trapping during migration (at winter sites)

Axis porcinus Hog Deer EN Considered to be extinct in Myanmar – although reported from Hlawga reservoir in the KBA descriptions.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Enhydris vorisi A snake species EN It is considered that this species is endemic to the Ayeyarwady river delta. A species of swampy rivers.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Pavo muticus Green Peafowl EN Once present throughout Myanmar, now confined to small scattered populations across the country. Prefers dry forests but has been recorded in a variety of habitats.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Asarcornis scutulata White-winged Duck EN Present in low numbers in Myanmar. Inhabits stagnant or slow- flowing natural and artificial wetlands, within or adjacent to evergreen, deciduous or swamp forests, on which it depends for roosting and nesting, usually in tree-hole.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Heliopais personatus Masked Finfoot EN A species which has declined rapidly and for which Myanmar may be the last stronghold – possibly less than 1,000 mature individuals left globally. Found in variety of wetland habitats but prefers coastal and inland rivers and deltas.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Sterna acuticauda Black-bellied Tern EN IUCN report as possibly present in Myanmar, breeds on large rivers.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Haliaeetus Pallas's Fish-eagle EN Declining species, known to breed in Myanmar. leucoryphus Utilizes wetlands, reservoirs etc.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle EN Present in steppes and rocky areas.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Leptoptilos dubius Greater Adjutant EN Once a common species in Myanmar, now considered likely to be extinct in the country.

 Unlikely to be located within project area. Hoolock tianxing Skywalker Hoolock EN An arboreal species of primary evergreen, scrub and semi- deciduous hill forest, as well as

Scientific Name Common name IUCN Notes Status

Gibbon mountainous broadleaf forest.

 Unlikely to be located within project area.

104 Conclusion. The review of protected areas does not suggest that these will qualify the route alignment as Critical Habitat as defined by the IFC and ADB. There are few species of concern which may utilize the habitats within the route alignment (highlighted above). Based on an initial review of the likely route alignment, proposed project type and likely activities the risk of impacts on biodiversity are considered to be low. Habitat conversion will be minimal. The pipeline will be buried, with land reinstated. Careful route selection, construction and land re- instatement should ensure that risks of significant biodiversity effects, in particular, risks to Threatened species, are minimal and managed. The main threat to those species possibly located within the project area is illegal poaching and trapping. A strict no-poaching policy will need to be enforced by the contractor

Social and Cultural Baseline

Administrative Organization 105 According to Hlegu Township administrative report of October 2018, where the YCWRP will be mainly located, the Hlegu Township includes five main wards in urban area and fifty-two village tracts with a total of 168 villages in rural area. Hlegu Township has one General Administrative Officer with the support of a Deputy Officer and staffs for the whole administrative unit. The administrative leader of each village tract has been selected by voting system of the respective communities’ members under the supervision of Township Administrative Officers. Regional Government provides salary for the village administrative supervisors.

Population 106 The total population of the Hlegu Township is 234229 in October 2018 with the total of 50140 households (Table 14). There are 8543 households in five wards of the urban area and 41637 households in 168 villages of the rural area. The major ethnic group more than 93.3 % of the township is Bamar, which has been followed by Kayin ethnic group about 4.63%, Chin 0.25%, Rakhaing 0.13%, Mon 0.1%, Shan 0.05% and very few numbers of Kachin and Kayan respectively. Majority of the population believed in Buddhism and followed by Christian, Island, Hindu and only very few in Spirit and other religious believe. The population of the township with the male and female ratio for both under 18 years and more than 18 years are described in the following table. The Hlegu township male and female ratio for all population is only 1: 1.1.

Table 14. Hlegu Township Population

Under 18 years Above 18 years Total

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Urban 5967 6157 12124 11447 14007 25454 17414 20164 37578 Rural 37218 36071 73289 60715 62647 123362 97933 98718 196651 Total 43185 42228 85413 72162 76654 148816 115347 118882 234229 Source: Hlegu Township Statistical Update 2017. Ministry of Labor, Immigration and Population.

108 Population demographics for villages directly affected by the YCWRP pipeline is provided in Table 15.

Table 15. Population in YCWRP Affected Villages

Sta Population ts Village Tract No. of HHs ID Total Male Female

1 Hpaung Gyi (East) 2,965 13,129 6,516 6,613

2 Hpaung Gyi (West) 1,647 7,216 3,546 3,670

4 Gway Tauk Aing 908 4,814 2,532 2,282

6 Thar Yar Kone 1,036 4,777 2,353 2,424

7 Kyar Inn (West) 1,767 11,402 5,807 5,595

11 Haing Ku 1,739 9,093 4,475 4,618 Nan Ti (Gyo Kone, Nyaung 24 1,015 4,643 2,456 2,187 Kone) 50 Ngar Su Taung 1,106 4,986 2,496 2,490

Total for Affected Villages 12,183 60,060 30,181 29,879

Hlegu Township Overall 58,023 270, 741 134,087 138,654 Source: Hlegu Township Statistical Update 2017. Ministry of Labor, Immigration and Population.

Education in Hlegu Township 109 There are three colleges for higher education not only for the local community but also for the student who need specialized professional and vocational training. There is one educational college for training of teachers and educational staffs from the states and regions of lower Myanmar. Central Co-operative College-Phaung Gyi provides for co-operative management training for more than 400 students per years. Moreover, one Agricultural vocational training college provides services for improving national agricultural sector and human resources development.

110 Other educational facilities of Hlegu township include . 9 high schools for 14,971 students with 1:35 teacher and student ratio, . 12 sub-high schools for 8,104 student with 1:29 ratio, . 6 middle schools for 3,147 students with 1:35 ratio, . 17 sub-middle schools for 5,487 students with 1:35 ratio, . 30 post-primary schools for 6,850 Students with 1:31ratio, . 110 primary schools for 8367 students with 1:22 ratio, and . 4 pre-kindergarten schools for 110 students.

111 In addition to these, 20 informal education centers normally known as Phonetawgyithin schools which have been organized and lead by volunteer monks for 4,470 students including orphans and from poor families, are attending for their secondary level education. According to GAD October 2018, Hlegu township literacy rate above 15 years old is 100% and school entry rate for all 5 years old children is also 100 per cent. But the matriculation exam (from high school to college or university) passing rate for the whole township is only 28.62 %. There are 213 small scale library has been established for the educational knowledge of local community. YCWRP affected villages include 2 pre-middle schools (Haing Ku and Gyo Kone), 1 high-school in Gyo Kone and 1 pre-kindergarten in Nyaung Kone.

Public Health 112 The most common diseases in Hlegu Township include dysentery followed by tuberculosis, diarrhea, hepatitis and malaria. Regarding communicable infectious diseases like HIV and AIDS, the infected rate is significantly lower than the previous years (GAD report, 2018).

113 Government Public Health Care services in Hlegu township remain limited. There is one 100 bedded hospital in Minlwinkone village, 50 bedded Township level hospital in Aungmingalar Ward, 16 bedded cottage hospitals in each Mayan Chaung village, Phaung East village and Darpain village respectively. Since recent years, most of the hospitalized community health care services of government support hospitals are least cost to free of charge services for all level of community.

114 The doctor to patient ratio is only about 1: 30,000, nurse to patient ratio is 1:7,319 and health assistant to patient ratio is 1:19,519 respectively. Hlegu township records only 37 community Health Care Centers for 168 villages. In addition, 21 privately-own clinics including 2 dental clinics are providing health care services for the local communities. YCWRP affected villages include one community health center in U Yin Wa village.

Socio-economic survey of Project Area 115 A socio-economic survey (SES) was carried out. The socioeconomic information gathered in the SES provides an overview of the general socioeconomic situation of the households in the Project areas. This SES conducted in the Project area covers a total of 213 households. The 212 households, surveyed under the SES, cover the likely impact area affected by the construction of the water pipeline and almost all of the likely impacted households at the moment.

116 The SES data gathered from 212 households comprising 918 members showed a profile of a very diverse group of potentially affected people. Age groupings were relatively balanced, with 1 % of inhabitants over 81 years old. Almost half (47%) of the population surveyed was married and 93% are Bamar. 98% are Buddhists. Educational attainment ranged from not literate (9%) to Post Graduate Degrees (1%). Vendors comprised the largest percentage (9%) of livelihood activities, with 3% of HH members employed as government workers and 5% as company staff.

117 Most of the AHs are male-headed HHs (89%) although many females manage and own the shops which will be affected. Women more than men identify as unpaid homeworkers (i.e. housewives) with 11% of the AH working age population stating housewife as their occupation. Gender analysis for the YCWRP PPS indicated that women’s roles are considered in a

traditional sense in most of Myanmar, with women participating in the family business and contributing to family income. Women will not be unfairly affected by the project construction activities or the relocation process.

118 Most (66%) HHs reported monthly income below 600,000 MKK but 7% had incomes of 1.4 million and over. Most HHs (59%) reported monthly expenditures below 600,000 MKK but 13% of HHs report expenditures of 1.4 million MKK and above. Access to facilities (medical care, markets) is considered good by respondents. Electricity from a government provider is predominantly used for lighting (49%) and cooking (43%). 18% of HHs have telephones/cell phones and 15% have televisions. 54% of the population use social media. 37% own bicycles and 30% own motorcycles with 9% owning cars, pick-ups or trucks. Livestock ownership is not mainstream, with 32% owning chickens/ducks, pigs, cows or goats.

Water supply 119 None of the YCWRP affected village benefits from piped water supply system. For drinking water, almost half (44%) of AHs purchase bottled water. The remainder use their own wells (21%), a public or neighbor’s well (11%), water from a river/canal (9%), stream (9%) or a dug ground well belonging to the HH (7%). There is no piped water available.

Sanitation 120 The largest percentage of HHs (89%) use water sealed toilets, using a pail of water for flushing. Some HHs (6%) have toilets with a flushing mechanism; very few HHs practice open defecation.

Solid Waste management 121 Solid waste is not collected in the villages along the pipeline route. Domestic waste is dumped along creeks and drainages or burnt on site by the villagers. According to the socio- economic survey, most of the households (57%) dispose of their garbage by burning it themselves. Approximately the same percentages (10, %, 11% and 12% respectively) use a civic garbage can, bury their garbage somewhere or throw it anywhere convenient. These last two methods will contribute to overall litter and unsanitary conditions. Only 3 HH report using a garbage truck to dispose of their waste.

5 IMPACT ANALYSIS

Methodology 122 The impacts were identified by confronting the environmental and social baseline situation of the area with the activities related to each component and stage of the project. For every interrelation between Project activities and each pertinent environmental component, all probable impacts have been identified.

123 This identification was mainly based on:

. The technical information related to project components design and operation as presented in Chapter 4 of this report; . Field visits conducted in September and November 2018 and in May 2019 by the Consultant in the Project area; . The Consultant experience of environmental impacts of a variety of projects including urban development, water supply, sanitation and waste management; . The checklists of potential impacts from various types of projects drawn up by international financial organizations (WB, ADB, AFD).

124 The result of this analysis is presented in the following sections covering 1) impacts connected with the location of the projected facilities, 2) impacts connected with construction activities and 3) impacts connected with the actual operation of the facilities.

125 The potential impacts for each of these sections are presented in a summary table, followed by descriptions and analyses of the most probable significant impacts. These tables present, successively, the cause of the impact, the potential impact along with its risk level, the corrective measure along with the ease/difficulty of implementing it and the residual risk level after implementing the measure.

126 Each summary table shows, for each identified impact, an assessment of the overall risk level, taking three criteria into a consideration: the probability of occurrence of the impact as part of the project, the expected gravity of such an impact given no special corrective measures, and the difficulty of implementing the proposed corrective measures (see Table 16).

. The probability of occurrence reflects how often the impacts are observed during construction and operation of similar projects: some impacts are inevitable (noise, dust, suspended sediment in surface water) whereas others occur only exceptionally (accident, explosion). . The gravity of an impact incorporates various considerations of intensity of effects on the natural or human environment, its extent and its duration. All necessary efforts must be made to implement corrective and monitoring measures on impacts that are judged to be potentially serious. . The overall risk relating to an impact, rated from 1 (low) to 3 (high) takes into account the abovementioned criteria.

Table 16.Impact Assessment Criteria

Criterion Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Demands special attention Difficulty for implementing Easy, inexpensive and Difficult due to complexity or (monitoring or training, for corrective measures generally effective cost example) Medium: generally seen a High: consistently seen if few times during Probability of occurrence of Low: can be seen in cases effective corrective construction or during the the impact of negligence or accident measures are not put in operation of the concerned place facility Significant environmental Generally limited impact in Major environmental impact but not endangering Gravity of the impact terms of intensity, duration impacts with risks to people human or animal or extent or special-status animals populations Low: subject of routine Major: merits close monitoring but impacts are Significant: merits special monitoring and the Overall Risk minor and easily attention implementation of effective manageable measures

Anticipated Benefits from the Project 127 The Project is anticipated to significantly improve the quality of life of the population in Yangon through the following results:

. Improvement of security and safety of water delivered by raising supply from Ngamoeyeik reservoir from 614 to 818 MLD and by using an underground pipeline, which cancels present water losses by evaporation and infiltration from the canals and cancels the risks of water external contamination along the transfer route; . Improvement of water delivery security by transferring urban water supply independently from irrigation water supply; . Improvement of water delivery security by the construction of a new 614 MLD water intake on Ngamoeyeik reservoir; . Improvement of building accesses and drainage in the villages on the roadside along the pipeline route; . The proposed institutional capacity development component of the project will enhance planning and management capabilities and practices within YCDC generally. Project implementation will provide valuable learning opportunities for PMU staff as this will be the first multi-lateral loan processed by YCDC. . Construction activities will provide work opportunities for local unskilled labor.

128 The project will improve urban water management through (i) visioning and capacity development for the new water authority, Water Resource and Water Supply Authority (WRWSA), from a Greater Yangon perspective; (ii) capacity development on financial management to enhance sustainability of water services; and (iii) awareness programs on water conservation for businesses and communities

Impacts related to Project Location

Impacts on Land Acquisition and Resettlement

Impacts 129 The selected route has been optimized to locate all project components on public land in order to avoid private land acquisition. Project components are located within public land belonging to YCDC, MOALI, MOC. The whole pipeline will be implemented within the various roads right of way (Figure 20) to avoid difficult and long procedures for acquisition of private lands. Permanent acquisition of private land is not required.

Figure 20. Typical Pipeline Construction in Road RoW

ALONG MOC MAIN ROAD

ALONG MOC RURAL ROAD (AFTER WIDENING BY KOREAN PROJECT)

130 Temporary use of private land will be required by the Contractor during construction phase, for the storage of equipment, the temporary disposal of excavation spoil and cut trees and the installation of construction facilities particularly for tunneling activities and for ancillary services (worker camp, office, workshop). For temporary use of land, agreement is generally signed between the Contractor and the landowner on the basis of a compensation amount and

the guaranty that the land will be fully restored to its original condition at the end of the construction activities. Each agreement will be reviewed and commented by YCDC until non- objection before signature between the Contractor and the landowner.

131 Permanent impacts will occur as structures and other assets are removed from the road ROWs to dig the large trench required for the pipeline. The Ministry of Construction (MOC) policy is to disallow encroachers to return to their former locations within the ROW. The result is that all structures currently encroaching on the ROW will have to be moved.

132 There is no private land acquisition required. A total of 213 significant structures will be affected, along with 62 other assets (wells, fences, access roads, car wash blocks, etc.). Significant structures are defined as: houses, houses cum shops, shops, other structures made of brick and durable materials. Ninety-nine (99) of the significant structures will be entirely affected i.e. will require rebuilding outside of the ROW or if possible, relocation of the entire structure. Twenty-four (24) of the entirely affected structures are houses, 20 are houses cum shops and the remaining 55 are shops. (See Table below). Partial and total impacts on significant structures are estimated to total 55,688 sq. ft. Partial and total impacts on secondary structures (fences, access roads, secondary buildings, etc.) are estimated to be 24,332 sq. ft.

Entirely affected structures

No. Village Name House House Cum Shop Shop 1 Kyar Inn 2 2 2 2 Gyoth Kone 1 4 11 3 Phyar Kone 0 0 9 4 Ngar Hsu Taung 2 1 7 5 Hiku 0 0 3 6 U Yin Wa 1 3 10 7 Nyaung Kone 5 3 7 8 Phaung Gyi 10 5 3 (West) 9 Taku Tone 3 2 3 Total 24 20 55 Source: YCWRP Inventory of Loss Survey June 2019

133 The affected structures house 141 enterprises ranging from vendors (35%) to the one entrepreneur in the transportation business. 41% of enterprises report net monthly incomes of 150,000MKK or less, with another 33% reporting monthly profits between 150,001 and 300,000MKK. There are very few at the higher end of the profit level, as only 5% report net monthly incomes of 1.2millMKK or higher. 58% of respondents report being aware of that they are encroaching on the ROW and that this is not legal. There are 1476 productive trees and 204 timber trees which will be removed. These include a significant number of pineapple plants growing in the plantation along the YCDC road. Temporary loss of business income is expected for a duration of up to 4 weeks during the construction phase of the water supply pipeline.

134 Impacts will also be felt on public assets that are located within the ROW. Many of these assets are owned by ministries (Ministry of Electricity and Energy - MOEE) or village administrations (office, public wells, water tanks, rest houses) whereas others are owned by religious groups (sacred places, pillars, sculptures). YCDC owns the cemetery land. The asset

loss of most concern to community members is the potential loss of Banyan trees and their associated shrines. Three particularly large banyan trees are situated within the ROW and in the pipeline alignment. Although these three trees are not especially significant, they are (along with many banyan trees in Myanmar) seen as spiritual, and important to the communities. For this reason, efforts will be made to preserve the trees during implementation. The options for their preservation will be explored during detailed design. These will include deviations in pipeline alignment, and special trench design to protect the pipeline from the tree routes. These options will be discussed in consultation with the communities and Government representatives.

135 Consultations were carried out with various stakeholders such as township administrators representing affected people, representatives from the YCDC, the Hlegu township administration and other ministries/Hlegu township departments. A stakeholder consultation was held at the end of June. People are partially aware of the Project and were given an opportunity during the Inventory of Loss (IOL) survey to raise their concerns. 69% said they had no concerns, whereas 12% were concerned about theft due to their location alongside the road, 15% were concerned about road accidents which might cause damage or injury to them or their structures with 4% concerned that they would be required to move from their present location in the ROW. Consultations will be carried out throughout the project implementation.

Mitigation 136 A Draft Resettlement Plan (Supplementary Appendix 1) has been prepared to comply with the ADB’s Safeguards Policy Statement. The Draft Plan addresses resettlement and other compensation issues in detail. It should be noted that project design has not been finalized and there is no endorsement from YCDC on eligibility entitlement.

137 All the losses where applicable will be compensated as per the entitlement matrix in the Final Resettlement Plan to be prepared during the detailed design phase. Any compensation would be completed prior to construction.

Impacts from Climate Change 138 A Climate Change Assessment (Supplementary Appendix 2) was undertaken (in accordance with the ADB climate risk management framework. The Climate Risk is classified as medium.

139 Based on the climate change forecasts (see section 4.3.1.3), the project components that may be vulnerable to potential damages due to erosion and/or flooding are i) the pumping station structures; ii) pipeline foundations and structures crossing over creek; iii) pipeline structures crossing under the creek crossing; and iv) the regulation buffer tank structures and equipment. Remaining underground pipes buried deep are not at risk to climate impacts.

Climate Risk and Adaptation Assessment 140 The main climate risks are summarized in Table 17.

Table 17. Climate Risk and Adaptation Assessment

Risk Subproject Potential Climate Risk Adaptation Measures Level Raising the structures and Medium equipment to resist higher flood Pumping Station (electrical/equipment submersion) risks (including Climate Change). Design the superstructure and (higher velocities and heights along Creek-crossing Low its foundations to resist/transit the creek could ruin the safely increased flows, heights, (superstructure) superstructure and the pipe) velocities and risks of debris.

Creek crossing (higher velocities and erosion along Burry the pipeline at a sufficient the creek could uncover and ruin the Low depth under the creek bed not (under) pipe) to be exposed to erosion.

Distribution Raising the structures and (higher flood level could impact the Low system equipment to resist higher flood access, operation and maintenance) (buffer tank) risk.

Climate Adaptation Measures. 141 The main climate adaptation measures in the project are summarized in Table18.

Table 18. Climate Change Adaptation Measures.

Estimated Adaptation Costs Adaptation Finance Adaptation Activity Target Climate Risk ($ million) Justification5 Pumping station: Damage due to 0.15 +50,000$ for the platform Raising the structures and floods +100,000$ for the structures (on equipment (submersion) the assumption of +50 cm offset to protect equipment and infrastructure). Creek crossing (over): Damage due to 0.15 +20% added cost for the Reinforcing foundations floods structure that will support the and structure (velocities, height) pipe x 1 creek crossing (on the assumption higher piles, thicker structure and deeper foundation to resist erosion). Creek crossing (under): Damage due to 0.15 +15% added cost over piping Burry the pipeline at a floods works x 3 creek crossings

5 Preliminary assumptions to be confirmed at the Detailed Engineering Design stage.

Estimated Adaptation Costs Adaptation Finance Adaptation Activity Target Climate Risk ($ million) Justification5 sufficient depth under the (velocities, erosion) (on the assumption 1 m extra creek bed not to be depth under the creek bed) exposed to erosion Regulation buffer tank: Damage due to 0.05 +25,000$ for the platform Raising the structures and floods +25,000$ for the structures (on equipment (submersion) the assumption +50 cm offset to protect equipment, infrastructure and access).

Climate Mitigation Measures. 142 The main climate mitigation measures within the project are summarized in Table 19.

Table 19. Climate Mitigation Measures

Estimated GHG Estimated Emissions Mitigation Mitigation Activity Justification Reduction Cost (tCO2e/year)a ($ million) Use of high efficiency The use of energy efficient motor motor to pump water from for water pumping station in lieu of TBD 3.95 reservoir to treatment the BaU low efficient motor is a plant mitigation activity. Laying with a trenchless technology 2km 2,700mm dia. MTBM TBD 46.5 allows to reduce high point/energy tunnel demand. Laying a large diameter pipe 2,400mm concrete pipe TBD 20.0 contributes to leads to energy savings

CH4 = methane, GHG = greenhouse gas, N20 = nitrous oxide, tCO2e = tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. a Energy savings/year x emission factor = GHG emissions reduction.

Impacts on Vegetation

Impacts on Roadside Trees 143 A total of 2884 trees will need cutting along the pipeline route, in the concerned RoW: 1823 trees along the main road, 237 along YCDC road and 824 along the secondary (rural) road. All trees within the roads RoW are the property of the Government of Myanmar. The Department of Forest will organize and supervise the cutting. Even if the trees are relatively small (most have a diameter at breast height-DBH-less than 30 cm diameter), this will represent a large volume of wood which will need storage, evacuation and disposal. Risk of private land occupation and vegetal residues not evacuated must be considered. Potential use of this resource must also be anticipated.

144 The removal of the road trees will not affect significantly the biodiversity of the area. Road trees are generally not sheltering significant fauna because of the disturbance created by the road traffic and the presence of residences below. During field survey, only occasional birds were observed along the roads. Also, the other side of the road is similarly planted and will not be affected by the project, maintaining at least 50% of the existing tree cover in the corridor.

145 Rain trees, constituting most of the oldest trees observed there, were planted by MOC at the time of the road construction. Later on, Forest Department planted additional trees between Rain trees, mainly Acacia, for the purpose of soil protection and firewood production for the villagers. Occasionally, few small fruit trees are observed within the RoW, generally planted by the owner of the nearest house. Field survey undertaken by the Consultant consisted in the registration of all trees along the pipeline alignment and ancillary facilities including species and diameter at breast high (DBH). In accordance with preliminary observations, 3 classes of DBH were considered: less than 30 cm DBH, between 30 and 60 cm and above 60 cm. Results are provided in Tables 20 and 21.

Table 20. Distribution of Tree Cutting per Road Section and Trunk Diameter (DBH in cm)

YCDC Road Section Main Road Section Rural Road Section All Sections Tree Species <30 30-60 >60 <30 30-60 >60 <30 30-60 >60 <30 30-60 >60 Acacia auriculiformis 22 1 347 515 22 117 28 1 486 544 23 Acacia mangium 13 4 23 29 25 36 33 25 Anacardium occidentale 3 3 0 0 Albizia procera 1 11 3 4 11 0 Areca catechu 16 16 0 0 Artocarpus heterophyllus 1 3 1 4 1 0 Azadirachta indica 1 1 0 0 Bamboo spp. 1 2 9 12 0 0 Bauhinia variegata 1 21 1 22 1 0 Bombax ceiba 2 7 2 11 0 0 Borassus flabellifer 2 1 8 132 37 133 47 0 Butea monosperma 2 8 4 14 0 0 Carica papaya 2 2 0 0 Cassia fistula 6 1 7 0 0 Chukrasia tabularis 6 6 0 0 Cocos nucifera 1 1 0 0 Crateva religiosa 1 1 0 0 Croton oblongifolius 11 11 0 0 Delonix regia 13 5 4 17 5 0 Dimocarpus longan 1 1 0 0 Dolichandrone spathacea 3 3 0 0 Dypsis lutescens 4 4 0 0 Elaeis guineensis 6 10 16 0 0 Eucalyptus globulus 7 9 19 5 16 19 5 Eugenia jambolana 6 6 0 0 Ficus benghalensis 3 1 0 0 4 Ficus benjamina 1 5 0 1 5 Ficus racemosa 7 7 0 0 Ficus religiosa 1 0 0 1 Gliricidia sepium 1 1 0 0 Grewia microcos 22 10 32 0 0 Haplophragma 3 3 3 13 19 3 0 adenophyllum Lagerstroemia speciosa 4 37 5 5 46 5 0 Libocedrus plumosa 8 8 0 0 Mangifera indica 4 36 1 11 1 51 1 1 Mesua ferrea 1 1 0 0 Millingtonia hortensis 1 1 0 0 Mimusops elengi 9 17 9 17 0

YCDC Road Section Main Road Section Rural Road Section All Sections Tree Species <30 30-60 >60 <30 30-60 >60 <30 30-60 >60 <30 30-60 >60 Musa spp 72 20 3 95 0 0 Nauclea orientalis 4 1 4 1 0 Oroxylum indicum 1 7 8 0 0 Pithecellobium lobatum 7 7 0 0 Polyalthia longifolia 5 1 6 0 0 Pterocarpus dalbergioides 187 1 187 1 0 Pterocarpus macrocarpus 6 11 2 8 11 0 Samanea saman 2 3 5 57 189 45 25 13 6 84 205 56 Senna siamea 4 5 26 21 30 26 0 Simarouba amara 25 4 16 4 45 4 0 Spondias pinnata 1 1 0 0 Streblus asper 3 1 4 0 0 Tamarindus indica 4 1 1 5 1 0 Tectona grandis 1 239 31 22 1 261 32 1 Terminalia chebula 2 2 0 0 Terminalia catappa 21 2 7 28 2 0 Terminalia bellirica 7 1 8 0 0 Zelacca wallichiana 4 4 0 0 Zizyphus jujuba 6 4 1 11 0 0 Total 230 12 9 924 827 72 652 132 40 1806 971 121 Total per Road Section 251 1823 824 2898

Table 21. Distribution of Affected Trees per Villages

Village Name DBH<30 3060 All DBH YCDC Road Section New Pumping station to YCDC gate 230 12 9 251 Main Road Section Phaya Gon village 40 17 2 59 U Yin Wa village 236 191 12 439 Haing Ku Village 240 211 11 462 Gyo gon 299 296 29 624 Nyaung Gon Village 109 112 18 239 Rural road Section Main Road to Before bridge 74 1 0 75 After Bridge to TBM start pint near 123 lane 85 3 7 95 TBM end Point to Kyar Inn village Corner 143 53 29 225 Kyar Inn Village Corner to KIMC gate 386 39 4 429 Total All Villages 1806 971 121 2898

Mitigation Measures 146 The following measures are required:

. Before starting work, the contractor is to provide a Tree Cutting Plan presenting the program and schedule of activities, the coordination with pipeline construction works, the appreciation of hard biomass from cut trees, solutions for temporary storage of biomass, transformation program (limited construction wood, mainly fuelwood or transformation into charcoal), organization for end product return to the affected communities. . Proposed Plan will be presented and discussed with YCDC and representatives of community leaders and of Hlegu Township. . Plan implementation to be strictly monitored by PMU in order to ensure cutting activities will not interfere with pipeline construction program. 147 The cutting of the trees is subject to the official permission from MONREC Forest Department. Request for tree cutting involves the following steps:

. YCDC sends a request to concerned Township (Hlegu), providing enough information of the project type and location; . Hlegu Township requests local Forest Department to carry out a survey of the trees impacted. For the present YCWRP, such a survey may take a week. . When the survey is completed, Township sends the request and survey results to MONREC Forest Department, which defines conditions for tree cutting, removal and disposal of wood and for compensation by the Project Proponent.

148 The compensation is frequently the financing of a tree plantation program on the basis of two trees planted for each tree cut.

149 The small number of fruit trees observed in the RoW have been planted by the householders near their houses. Such trees will be compensated directly to their owners by YCDC under the resettlement and compensation action plan.

150 Appropriate management of vegetal waste resulting from tree cutting may also constitute a mitigation, through the production of a large volume of fuelwood to be possibly returned to the affected communities. Management of the vegetal waste is a prerogative of the Forest Department which will take responsibility for the cutting of the trees. However, local communities should be informed of the cutting and should have access to the vegetal waste for personal use as firewood or construction material. It is observed that most of the trees concerned have limited or no value for commercial construction wood production.

151 The pipeline construction will have a long-term impact on the appearance of the road corridor because of the loss of mature trees which currently make the road look more pleasing, providing greenery and shade and vegetation. The road corridor is not an area of specific natural beauty but the loss of the trees will have a visual impact on the appearance of the road.

152 Retention of Tress. Where possible trees will be retained, particularly the largest banyan trees affected by the project, in order to reduce the visual impact as far as possible. Replacement of trees where they are lost and where there is enough place to replant without creating a long-term risk for the pipeline (roots issue) and ensuring good quality aftercare of planted trees to ensure they survive and can grow to maturity.

153 Trees must be replanted as close as possible to areas from where they were cut in order to provide also compensation for affected communities (fuelwood for example). YCDC will ensure the replantation program implemented by the DOF is effective and well managed. YCDC will ensure some monitoring through representatives of the affected communities who will visit regularly the sites and report any damages or dying plant. These community members will be appointed as soon as the plantation program starts until 2 years after plantation of the last specimens of the program.

Impacts on Cultural Resources 154 Impacts on cultural resources will be limited but these few will require particular attention. List of main cultural assets potentially impacted by the project is provided in Table 22.

155 Three particularly large banyan trees are situated within the ROW and in the pipeline alignment. Although these three trees are not especially significant, they are (along with many banyan trees in Myanmar) seen as spiritual, and important to the communities. For this reason, efforts will be made to preserve the trees during implementation. The options for their preservation will be explored during detailed design. These will include deviations in pipeline alignment, and special trench design to protect the pipeline from the tree routes. These options will be discussed in consultation with the communities and Government representatives.

156 Small spirit houses affected will be either displaced the time of the pipeline construction or demolished then rebuilt as close as possible of their initial location. As for the banyan trees issue, displacement or demolition of the spirit houses will be done after consultation with concerned communities and local religious authorities and after performing all required ceremonies.

Table 22. List of Cultural Resources Impacted

Village Name Cultural Resource Impacted Mitigation Measure Pictures YCDC Road Section Yay Twin Gon One cemetery is located on It is possible to slightly divert the the east side of the road, on pipeline route towards the centre of the the pipeline route associated road to avoid crossing the cemetery to an electrical transformer area. No tomb requires displacement.

Yay Twin Gon One Banyan tree is growing Banyan trees can be cut but after on the pipe route. Next to the consultation with religious tree is community residential representatives and concerned area and can’t avoid cutting communities. Any compensatory this tree. measure (compensation to monastery, ceremony) cost to be supported by the Project.

Village Name Cultural Resource Impacted Mitigation Measure Pictures

Main Road Section Pa ya Gon Banyan tree located in front Same as above of the Police Station, on the pipe corridor, needs to be cut

Pa ya Gon Banyan tree needs to be cut. To be cut

Pa ya Gon Entrances of the Monastery Two lion sculptures to temporary (2 lion sculptures) are very displace if considered too close from close to the boundary of the pipe trench. Associated costs for proposed trench. removal and re-installation supported by the project.

Pa ya Gon Public resting shelter and To be removed and rebuilt after works small shelter for water completion. Cost to be supported by the donation pot. project.

U Yin Wa A small concrete shelter for Demolition and rebuilt after completion water donation pots in the of pipe works, at project costs. ROW.

U Yin Wa An old Banyan tree with water Avoiding to cut this particular specimen donation pots in the ROW. is considered as the preferred option if feasible. Pipeline design route to be slightly modified to preserve specimen.

Village Name Cultural Resource Impacted Mitigation Measure Pictures

U Yin Wa Small shelter for water Demolish and rebuilt after installation of donation pots. the pipe, at project cost.

U Yin Wa Monastery name indication Remove and reinstall it after installation board on the road shoulder. of the pipe. Cost to be supported by the project.

U Yin Wa Village name indication board Remove and reinstall it after installation on the road shoulder. of the pipe; cost to be supported by the project.

Haing Gu Access road to the Bawdi Temporary access to be maintained Shwe Kyaung Monastery. during works. Noise, vibration and dust must be kept as low as possible in front of this sensitive place.

Haing Gu Concrete spirit house in the Displacement or demolition/rebuilt. ROW near 12.6 miles. Consultation with religious authority required. At project cost

Gyo Gon Gyo Gon (North) High School Safe access to be maintained during on the other side of the main project construction activities. Noise, road. (it is not on the pipe vibration and dust must be kept as low route, but a sensitive receptor as possible in front of this sensitive for construction period) area.

Village Name Cultural Resource Impacted Mitigation Measure Pictures Gyo Gon Access road to Gyo Gon Safe access to be maintained during (South) Primary School project construction activities. Noise, vibration and dust must be kept as low as possible in front of this sensitive area.

Gyo Gon Access road to a cemetery Access to be maintained during project and crematorium which is construction period. located between Haing gu and Gyo Gon villages and

Nyaung Gon Three spirit house in the Displacement or demolition/rebuilt. ROW under a Bayan tree. Consultation with religious authority required. At project cost

Nyaung Gon A large and old banyan tree Avoiding to cut this particular specimen in the RoW. is considered as the preferred option if feasible. Pipeline design route to be slightly modified to preserve specimen.

Rural road Section Nga Su Taung A large banyan tree with Avoiding cutting is best option. Slight some grocery shops at the modification of initial pipeline route junction of the Nagsu taung possible considering large open space and Tha Yet chaung village. available around tree.

Nga Su Taung Banyan Tree. Banyan trees can be cut but after consultation with religious representatives and concerned communities.

Public Utilities

Impacts 158 The main public facilities affected by the Project concern (i) the required displacement of electrical or communication poles, (ii) access during construction to public buildings as health centers or schools, and (iii) few bus stop shelters. Also, some road signs (kilometer and miles milestones and village boundary signs will need temporary removal and reinstallation when the pipeline installation is completed.

159 A limited number of poles located within the future pipeline trench will require displacement either on the same side of the road or on the other side. Impacts will be only temporary for those connected to the line. The main challenge will be to keep it as short as possible. Such displacements concern the villages Hpa Yar Kone (electric poles and transformer to be displaced at YCDC road entrance gate), U Yin Wa, Hi Ku and Gyoth Kone. In the village of Hpa Yar Kone, one short telephone line will require displacement as well as some isolated rudimentary poles occasionally located in the various concerned villages where these satisfy a private connection. Permanent access to public buildings as health centers or schools shall be preserved with maximum safety conditions for users.

160 There is no piped water supply in the villages, where each household generally relies on a private well located in the house backyard. The YCWRP should not create disruption regarding water supply. This also apply to sanitation which mainly consists in pit latrines.

161 Construction activities, particularly pipeline trench excavation, will happen very close to the limit of the road RoW and thus very close to the private property alignments along the RoW limit. In specific places, construction activities may affect access to service facilities as shops, garage or restaurants.

Mitigation Measures 162 Displacement of electrical lines shall be organized under the authority of Ministry of Electricity and Energy (in charge of maintenance and operation of lines) and Ministry of Construction (in charge of construction of lines). The Contractor(s) will be required to

. consult with the affected people during project implementation. Affected community will make the project contractor aware of any significant issues resulting from loss of electricity. People will be informed in advance of any power cuts and the duration of the cut will be made clear in order that they can plan around the lack of power. . keep electrical shut down as short as feasible and inform population at least one week before shut down. Affected households and establishments shall be notified at least 3 days in advance of such disruption if its duration is less than 24 hrs. Notification shall be given at least 1 week in advance if disruption is anticipated to last more than 24 hrs. 163 Table 23 provides the list of utilities located within the pipeline route likely to be affected.

Table 23. Public Utilities impacted along Pipeline Route

Village Name Public Facilities Impacted Mitigation Measure Pictures YCDC Road Section Yay Twin Gon One cemetery is located on It is possible to slightly divert the the east side of the road, on pipeline route towards the centre of the the pipeline route associated road to avoid crossing the cemetery to an electric transformer area. No tomb requires displacement.

Yay Twin Gon Low voltage line with electric 25 poles to move to suitable alignment poles after consultation with EPC

Yay Twin Gon High voltage line (11kV) with 6 poles on the ROW to move to suitable electric pole alignment after consultation with EPC

Main Road Section Pa ya Gon Two communication poles To be displaced by few metres

Pa ya Gon Access road to Paya Gon Temporary and safe access to be Pre-middle School maintained during project construction activities. Noise, vibration and dust must be kept as low as possible in front of this sensitive area.

Pa ya Gon Low voltage line with 4 Displacement of 4 poles by few meters electric poles

Village Name Public Facilities Impacted Mitigation Measure Pictures U Yin Wa Access to U Yin Wa Temporary and safe access to be Community health care maintained during project construction centre, Pre-middle School activities. Noise, vibration and dust and village access concrete must be kept as low as possible in front road. of these sensitive areas.

U Yin Wa Bus stop shelter Demolition and rebuilt after installation of the pipe at project cost.

U Yin Wa Village name indication board Demolish and rebuilt it after installation on the road shoulder. of the pipe and the cost have to be supported by the project.

Haing Gu Bus stop shelter on the road Demolish and rebuilt it after installation shoulder. of the pipe and the cost have to be supported by the project.

Haing Gu Road area demarcation Demolish and rebuilt it after installation points or mile stones. of the pipe and the cost have to be supported by the project

Haing Gu Low voltage line with 35 To be displaced to appropriate electric poles alignment

Village Name Public Facilities Impacted Mitigation Measure Pictures Haing Gu Transformer in the ROW Move to the suitable place by area. consultation with EPC and land use compensation to local land owner.

Haing Gu Primary school of Haing Gu Safe access to be maintained during on the other side of the main project construction activities. Noise, road. (it is not on the pipe vibration and dust must be kept as low route, but a sensitive receptor as possible in front of this sensitive for construction period) area.

Haing Gu Access road to the Bawdi Temporary access to be maintained Shwe Kyaung Monastery. during works. Noise, vibration and dust must be kept as low as possible in front of this sensitive area.

Gyo Gon Access road to Gyo Gon Safe access to be maintained during (South) Primary School project construction activities. Noise, vibration and dust must be kept as low as possible in front of this sensitive area.

Gyo Gon Access road to a cemetery Access to be maintained during project and crematorium which is construction period. located between Haing gu and Gyo Gon villages and

Village Name Public Facilities Impacted Mitigation Measure Pictures Gyo Gon Bus stop shelter, transformer Demolition and rebuilt at Project cost and 9 electrical concrete distribution poles near Agricultural office.

Nyaung Gon Irrigation canal crossing the Coordination with MOALI and main road. To be crossed by concerned farmers to select most the pipeline appropriate period to carry out works for this small canal crossing. Canal must be operational after pipe works are completed.

Nyaung Gon Access to pre-middle school Safe access to be maintained during Nyaung Gon. project construction activities. Noise, vibration and dust must be kept as low as possible in front of this sensitive area.

Rural road Section Nga su taung Unpaved access road to Access to be maintained during project community and some construction period. monastery.

Nga Su Taung Concrete access road to Access to be maintained during project private own factory. (Just construction period. Access to be before tunnel starting point) rebuilt at least as good as initial condition. rebuild access road like before construction conditions.

Nga Su Taung 2 low voltage electric lines on Displacement to appropriate alignment each side of the road. But only few (8) have to be moved before tunnel starting point.

Village Name Public Facilities Impacted Mitigation Measure Pictures Nga Su Taung 22 low voltage electric poles. Move to the suitable place after consultation with EPC and land use compensation to local land owner.

Nga Su Taung Some access roads to private Have to support temporary access own plantations, community roads during project construction houses, auto exchange office period. After pipeline installation, and Public military camp, rebuild access road like before restaurant, and only access construction conditions. street to Tha yet Chaung village.

Nga Su Taung Low voltage electric poles Move to the suitable place by along the pipeline route and a consultation with EPC and land use transformer. compensation to local land owner.

Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures 164 The following Table 24 summarizes impacts and corrective measures related to Project Location.

Table 24. Summary of Impacts related to Project Components Location

Impact Potential impact assessme Corrective or support measure nt

Component or activity Potential risks

Description of impact Description of measure correction Gravity Overallrisk after Probability Easiness of OverallRisk implementation

New Water Intake Construction of a new No particular risk Located close to existing water intake. No land acquisition - - - No particular measure required - - water intake on related to location required. Temporary land needed on shore for intake Ngamoeyeik reservoir construction (camp, storage, workshop) is part of the dam area. Short access road to be implemented through bushland from the exit of the dam crest. No private land acquisition or resettlement required. Area next to existing water intake is used by villagers and 1 2 2 According to location of new water intake, risk is very limited. 1 1 police to park their pirogues and to access to reservoir for Access to reservoir will be preserved in the design of the cofferdam. security control or fishing. Risk is to limit access to reservoir for the local users because of the temporary coffer dam. Pumping Station Construction of new No particular risk Pumping station proposed to be built close to the first bridge - - - No particular measure required related to pumping station location. - - pumping station receiving related to location over the Ngamoeyeik creek. Land area belongs to YCDC Site to be submitted to general ESHS monitoring during construction tunnel from intake and and is not used at present. The land is already cleared, stage. departing point for pipe probably used as a borrow or storage area at the time of line road construction. Land requirements are limited (about 1 ha). No land acquisition or resettlement required. Construction area is next to existing road. No access road required. No private asset affected. First construction pit (50mx50m) for tunnel excavation is located within pumping station area.

Impact Potential impact assessme Corrective or support measure nt

Component or activity Potential risks

Description of impact Description of measure correction Gravity Overallrisk after Probability Easiness of OverallRisk implementation Transfer Tunnels Construction of a short Permanent and Tunneling will start from pumping station site. Total spoil to 3 2 2 Disposal area for tunneling spoil shall avoid any risk regarding 1 1 transfer tunnel (800 m, temporary land evacuate is estimated 5,600 m3. sedimentation to Ngamoeyeik reservoir and creek or impediment of diameter 3 m) between occupation and Open land belonging to YCDC or Irrigation Department is natural drainage. ESHS technical specifications in bidding water intake and pumping acquisition available at water intake site, at pumping station site and at documents to address the subject. station. intermediary pit site. No private land acquisition or One intermediary resettlement required. construction pit One intermediary construction pit (50mx50m) is located on anticipated in the middle already cleared land with existing access which needs of the tunnel improvement. Spoil storage requirements: pumping station site (4,000 m3), intermediary pit (4,000 m3), water intake site (1,000 m3) Vegetation No forest or large trees concerned. Only open scrub over - - - No specific measure required. - - clearing unused land to be cleared at arrival point of tunnel. Construction of a 2,4 km Permanent and Land requirement limited to tunneling pits implementation (5 3 2 2 Tunnel route will follow the rural road in order to keep all tunneling 3 1 tunnel 3 m diameter along temporary land pits distributed along the rural road, within the right of way). pits within the right of way of the road. the rural road section of occupation and Each pit requires 50x50m land area. Pits will be 10x10m up Minimization of land occupation outside RoW; temporary occupation the pipeline route acquisition to 20m deep. Need also area for temporary disposal of pit land to be rented by the Contractor through signed contract with excavation spoil (2,000 m3/pit) and for tunnel spoil land Owner (non-objected by YCDC) and to be fully cleaned and (17,000 m3 to be distributed among the first 4 pits, or about rehabilitated at the end of the construction activities. 4,500 m3/). Each pit to be eventually transformed into Land required for storage of spoil could be minimized by permanent manhole for access to tunnel valves. coordinating YCWRP spoil production and KMIC (Korean Industrial Zone Development) fill requirements for land reclamation. Vegetation Tunneling will involve only limited tree cutting related to the 3 1 1 Preference will be given, when possible, to areas already cleared of 2 1 clearing installation of tunneling pits. Most of areas along this section mature trees. Any tree to be cut will be compensated either to of the rural road are cultivated and not forested private owner or to Forest Department though plantation financing. Transfer Pipeline Construction of Land acquisition Pipeline follows existing YCDC road from pumping station to ------underground pipeline junction with MOC road (4.80 km), along the eastern side of along YCDC road the road. No private land acquisition is anticipated as the (3.8 Km) pipeline is located within road RoW. However, in some areas, fences of private properties are sometimes only 3 m from asphalted limit of the road (instead of 15m). YCDC road right of way well demarcated by milestone

Impact Potential impact assessme Corrective or support measure nt

Component or activity Potential risks

Description of impact Description of measure correction Gravity Overallrisk after Probability Easiness of OverallRisk implementation Resettlement & Some private property fences will need to be removed 3 2 2 Negotiation with concerned owners for establishing the level of 2 1 compensation before their reinstallation at the end of the works, and compensation. To be mentioned that those owners are in breach compensation will be discussed with residents. with the respect of the YCDC RoW. Tree Cutting 237 trees (90% with trunk diameter <30cm) will require 3 2 2 Survey of affected trees to be formally done by Forest Department 2 2 cutting between pumping station and the junction with the in order for YCDC to get the authorization to cut trees. Only financial main road. compensation for tree plantation financing (2 or 3 trees per tree cut) is possible at this stage Temporary land Land may be locally required next to the RoW to temporary 2 2 2 Direct agreement between land owner and Contractor to be 1 1 occupation store equipment, materials, earth spoil from excavation of submitted to PMU for non-objection before signature trench. Cultural resources Anticipated pipeline road crosses a cemetery. 3 3 3 Pipeline route design to be adjusted in order to avoid crossing 2 1 cemetery with the agreement of the community. Other Electric transmission line needs to be displaced, including 3 2 2 Impact on poles not avoidable. Project to financially support 3 1 infrastructures about 30 low voltage poles. Transformer located within the displacement of transmission line. Detailed design of pipeline to cemetery. It will be preserved if the pipeline route is slightly consider avoiding transformer next to cemetery. diverted to avoid cemetery. Construction of Land acquisition Pipeline corridor selected by YCDC follows eastern side of 1 3 1 Any case involving land acquisition should be limited to few square 2 1 underground pipeline MOC road right of way (RoW). No private land acquisition is meters of land next to the boundary of the MOC RoW. It will be along main road anticipated. No permanent conversion of agricultural land to documented in the RP and give access to fair compensation for the (11,2 km) urban or industrial land is required. owner. Resettlement & Physical displacement of population is not anticipated, as 3 2 3 Resettlement Plan (RP) identifies all compensations to be paid by 2 1 compensation pipeline trench remains in road RoW. However, several light the project for inconvenience and temporary dislocation of built up structures (shops, small restaurants, etc.) illegally built along facilities. All accesses to properties will be reinstalled at project cost the road within the road RoW will require removal during after pipeline implementation. construction with possibility of re-installation after implementation of the underground pipeline. Also accesses to private properties will be demolished before being reconstructed over the pipeline, including drainage facilities. Permanent land Along pipeline, manholes (about 5x5 m) with concrete cover 3 2 2 Exact location of manholes to be identified during DED stage and 2 1 occupation will be distributed every 500m to 1 km to access pipeline located in village areas in places with minimum inconvenience for valves. All these manholes will be in the RoW of the residents. concerned roads. No light construction will be authorized on these manholes in the future. Tree cutting 1823 trees (50% with trunk diameter <30cm) planted along 3 2 2 Survey of affected trees to be formally done by Forest Department 2 2 the road will need cutting to allow the trenching and the in order for YCDC to get the authorization to cut trees. laying of the pipe. Even if pipe is underground, replantation Compensation procedure of DOF includes plantation of 2 trees per

Impact Potential impact assessme Corrective or support measure nt

Component or activity Potential risks

Description of impact Description of measure correction Gravity Overallrisk after Probability Easiness of OverallRisk implementation of trees over pipeline will not be possible for the long-term tree cut. Reforestation to be defined jointly with Forest Department, integrity of the pipe. Local Government (Hlegu Township) and concerned villagers. Temporary land Temporary land occupation will be required (i) for storage 3 2 2 Maximization of the use of the RoW for temporary storage; 2 1 occupation (equipment, pipe elements, sand), (ii) for worker camp, Selection of appropriate sites outside RoW: non cultivated areas, (iii) for temporary disposal of spoil (from trench excavation with easy access which are already observed all along the pipeline and from tunneling) and (iv) for temporary disposal of wood route; resulting from tree cutting. Risk involves illegal occupation of Optimization of excavation spoil reused as fill for on-going private land by contractor, with impacts on agricultural construction projects in the region involving land reclamation; activities and resulting grievances from concerned land Minimization of land occupation outside RoW; land to be rented by owners and local population. the Contractor through signed contract with land Owner (non- objected by YCDC) and to be fully cleaned and rehabilitated at the end of the construction activities. Cultural resources Only 2 monasteries are located along the pipeline route but 1 2 2 Concerning PaYaGon monastery entrance pillars, slight shift of 2 1 always outside the right of way. No direct impact on these pipeline trench towards the road center is recommended to avoid cultural resources except for 2 small entrance pillars of any damage. If this is not feasible, temporary displacement of the PaYaGon Monastery which will be very close to the trench two pillars will be considered with their reinstallation after completion limit and could be at risk during construction. of works at this site. Also, 3 spirit houses are observed within the proposed Discussions to be held with local religious authorities to identify pipeline route, and will need temporary displacement or procedures for the removal of banyans trees. demolition and rebuilt. Any effort to avoid cutting of the 2 old banyan trees must be done 5 banyans trees, having religious signification, will need to during detailed design to slightly shift pipeline route towards road be cut. Among those, 2 large and old specimens center and implement root protection for the pipeline..

Other sensitive The pipeline route will involve the displacement of telephone 3 3 3 Displacement of the electrical and telephone lines must be 3 1 areas/Facilities and electrical lines in 3 areas: in Hpa Yar Kone village, organized in a way (i) to keep the connected population informed of about 8 poles (concrete or wood) supporting telephone line; the work program and (ii) to minimize the time of electrical or in U Yin Wa, 4 electrical concrete poles; in Hi Ku village, 29 communication shut down to a few days only. electrical concrete poles and one transformer post; in Gyoth All other facilities to be reinstalled after construction is completed. Kone, 9 electrical concrete poles. If not properly anticipated, Cost to be supported by the YCWRP. serviced population may be disconnected for several days or weeks. Other facilities include the removal and of 48 concrete bus stations, 3 water donation houses, 2 signages of village boundaries and several road landmarks. The pipeline route will pass in front of 2 schools and 1 3 1 1 No particular measures to implement in relation to project location. 1 1 Health Care Centre. None of these facilities is affected by Measures related to construction activities will be required and are the Project except risks of nuisances as noise and dust detailed in the following section related to construction stage.

Impact Potential impact assessme Corrective or support measure nt

Component or activity Potential risks

Description of impact Description of measure correction Gravity Overallrisk after Probability Easiness of OverallRisk implementation during construction. Construction of Land acquisition Pipeline corridor selected by YCDC follows western side of Any case involving land acquisition should be limited to few square underground pipeline MOC rural road right of way (RoW). No private land meters of land next to the boundary of the road RoW. It will be along rural road to acquisition is anticipated. No permanent conversion of documented in the RP and give access to fair compensation for the Nyaungnhapin WTP agricultural land to urban or industrial land is required. owner. (15,8 km) Resettlement & Resettlement of population is not anticipated, as pipeline 3 2 2 Resettlement Plan (RP) identifies all compensations to be paid by 2 1 compensation trench remains in road RoW. Some light structures (shops, the project for inconvenience and temporary dislocation of built up small restaurants, etc.) illegally built within the road RoW facilities. All accesses to properties will be reinstalled at project cost mainly in the villages of Nga Su Taung and Kyar Inn will after pipeline implementation. require removal during construction with possibility of reinstallation after implementation of the underground pipeline. Tree Cutting Tree cutting will be required only along a short section of the 3 2 2 Survey of affected trees to be formally done by Forest Department 2 2 pipeline route, as the Korean industrial project KMIC is in order for YCDC to get the authorization to cut trees. Only financial presently widening the road between projected industrial compensation for tree plantation financing (2 or 3 trees per tree cut) zone and Nyaunghnapin WTP. Pipeline implemented in the is possible at this stage. RoW of this widened road where trees will be already cut. Reforestation program to be defined jointly with Forest Department 824 trees (83% with trunk diameter <30cm) planted along and Local Government (Hlegu Township). the road will need cutting to allow the trenching and the laying of the pipe. Even if pipe is underground, replantation of trees along concerned side of the road will not be possible for the long-term integrity of the pipe Temporary land Temporary land occupation will be required (i) for storage 3 2 2 Maximization of the use of the RoW for temporary storage; occupation (equipment, pipe elements, sand), (ii) for worker camp, Selection of appropriate sites outside RoW, mainly non-cultivated (iii) for temporary disposal of spoil (from trench excavation areas, with easy access; and from tunneling) and (iv) for temporary disposal of wood Optimization of excavation spoil reuse as fill for on-going land resulting from tree cutting. Risk involves illegal occupation of reclamation of Korean Industrial zone development; private land by contractor, with impacts on agricultural Minimization of land occupation outside RoW: land to be rented by activities and resulting grievances from concerned land the Contractor through signed contract with land Owner (non- owners and local population. objected by YCDC) and to be fully cleaned and rehabilitated at the end of the construction activities. Cultural resources Only 2 Banyan trees may be affected (in Nga Su Taung 1 2 2 One tree can be avoided by slight route adjustment. The second 2 1 village) one may need to be cut Other sensitive The pipeline trench will follow closely fishponds between 2 2 2 Construction technics will adapt to these special areas. 2 1 areas Kyar Inn village and the WTP, with potential risks for trench

Impact Potential impact assessme Corrective or support measure nt

Component or activity Potential risks

Description of impact Description of measure correction Gravity Overallrisk after Probability Easiness of OverallRisk implementation stability as the water table should be relatively high in such areas. About 10 electrical transmission line poles need displacement.

Impacts and Mitigation during Construction Stage 165 Contractor ESHS Management Plan. Prior to the start of construction, the Contractor will prepare a Contractor’s Environmental Social Health and Safety (ESHP) Management Plan (see section 9.4.6). The Plan is to include all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements to be carried out by the contractor. The Plan must be submitted to the PMU for review and approval, and to ADB for non-objection prior to starting any work on any site.

166 The Contractor ESHS Management Plan is to contain sub-plans for the following:

i. Solid waste management plan, ii. Hazardous substances management plan, iii. Emergency preparedness and response plan, iv. Erosion control and sediment control management plan, v. Workers camp management plan, vi. Public health management plan vii. Occupational health and safety plan viii. Recruitment and labor management, ix. Air quality and dust management plan x. Noise management plan, xi. Concrete plant management plan; xii. Prior approval construction material sources; xiii. Spoil disposal management plan; xiv. Road traffic and access management plan, xv. Transport of materials plan xvi. Protection of cultural resources plan, xvii. ESHS training plan, xviii. ESHS supervision plan, xix. Site cleaning and rehabilitation plan; and xx. Consultation plan.

167 The action plans are to detail the specific mitigation measures and monitoring programs that the Contractor will undertake to implement the Environmental Social Health and Safety (ESHP) Management Plan. In addition to the discussion of potential impacts, this section provides and summary of the individual sub-plans, and mitigation measures.

Solid Waste

Source of Impacts 168 Solid waste will be generated by construction activities or by worker camps and canteens. The quantity of domestic waste, mainly produced by temporary or permanent camps set up for the needs of the project, can be estimated at 0.5 to 0.7 kg/person/day. This waste mainly includes waste from canteens, packaging, plastic bottles, glass bottles, paper and cardboard. As the project is partly located in urbanized areas which may supply most of the manpower required, it is not anticipated large worker camps, but small camps on the sites to ensure a presence 24h and the protection of the equipment. Temporary camps will most probably be required at the access pits for tunneling activities but will probably be of limited size (about 50 peoples).

169 Construction waste generated on the construction sites consists mainly of wood, packing boxes, scrap, plastics and concrete debris (the later coming from the demolition)). This waste is generally disposed of in designated landfills. Scrap metal is generally collected for recycling.

170 Hazardous waste such as vehicle batteries, oil filters, various containers that had held hazardous products (mainly paints, solvents, glue) and other alkaline/lithium ion batteries is generated by construction activities, but in specific places and in limited quantities. This waste is harmful to the environment and public health and must receive appropriate treatment so as to ensure it is eliminated safely. The main risk comes from used engine and hydraulic oil resulting from the maintenance on site of heavy equipment and which may be produced in significant quantities. If released on the ground, these hydrocarbons will involve surface and underground water pollution. Hazardous waste also includes sludge from temporary toilets to be installed on construction sites within urbanized areas.

PAC-01: Solid Waste Management Plan 171 Prior to the start of the works, contractor is to prepare a Solid Waste Management Plan addressing the management issues related to all types of waste and providing anticipated production and schedule, collection system proposed, disposal methods and location. The plan will include two waste management plans. The first relates to domestic waste (mainly generated in worker camps) and other non-hazardous waste generated on the construction sites, while the second is related to hazardous wastes. The objectives of the plan are:

. to minimize the generation of wastes by carefully considered use of raw materials; . to sort and treat the wastes to limit their environmental impact; . waste may not be burned or buried – it must be disposed of at designated waste disposal sites; . to raise awareness and train personnel in good waste management practices. . These plans will include procedures, in accordance with local regulations or with international best practice, concerning the handling, transport, storage, treatment and elimination of wastes depending on their category: . Non-hazardous wastes (Group A): putrescible wastes from the camps and canteens, paper, cardboard, plastics, wood and vegetation, inert wastes from construction or demolition (concrete, scrap iron, bricks, etc.); . Hazardous wastes (Group B): wastes that are corrosive, explosive, toxic, representing a degree of danger for humans or for the ecosystem. In the context of the present project components considered, this will mainly include engine oils and used hydraulic fluids, the residues of paints, solvents and resins, first aid medical wastes, sludge from septic tanks and mobile toilets, various concrete additives (but with a lesser degree of danger for the latter).

Mitigation Measures 172 The following mitigation measures will be incorporated into the Solid Waste Management Plan

173 For Non-hazardous Waste

. Provide garbage bins and facilities within the project sites for temporary storage of construction waste and domestic solid waste. The Contractor shall ensure that domestic wastes are regularly removed and transferred to the concerned Township landfill.

. Provide for domestic and construction waste segregation facility and ensure recycling companies collect regularly recyclable waste: plastic bottles, glass bottles, aluminum cans, metal scrap, wood, paper and cardboard. . Implement an employee awareness program in waste management and site cleanliness. 174 For Hazardous Waste

. Any waste engine oil and hydraulic lubricants from heavy machinery and the floating oily residue from oil separators will be collected and stored in tightly sealed containers to avoid contamination of soil and water resources. Transport and off-site disposal of such wastes for recycling shall be presented in the Plan. . Any container of such waste will be stored in a dedicated area with waterproof floor surrounded by a bund the height of which will ensure retention of a volume equal to at least 110% of that of the largest container stored in the area. . Batteries, vehicle batteries, oil filters from the site will be sorted and deposited in separate containers. The contractor will identify a circuit for elimination/recycling of these products and will submit his choice to the PMU for non-objection. . Any medical waste (in probably very small quantities) from the First Aid stations on sites shall be delivered to Hlegu hospital or clinic for incineration. The incineration site shall be identified by the Contractor while preparing the Waste Management Plan and agreement with the hospital/clinic signed between parties. . Metal or plastic containers that have contained hazardous or toxic chemical substances shall be collected with other hazardous waste for treatment and safe disposal.

Hazardous Material and Accidental Spills

Source of Impacts 175 The main hazardous materials are hydrocarbons (fuel, oils, and grease). Other products (paints, solvents) will be used, but in much smaller quantities. Concrete additives (which are chemicals but not classified as hazardous products) are not be used on sites as pipeline rings will be pre-casted in a dedicated factory and delivered on construction sites. The storage and use hazardous materials at the concrete pipe fabrication plant and the concrete batching plant are also potential sources impact.

176 Temporary storage of hydrocarbons on sites is anticipated, particularly at water intake construction site and at various access pits for tunnel construction. It is not anticipated that large volumes will be stored. Along the pipeline route, hydrocarbons storage is not anticipated, but most probably a small fuel truck will move between sites to regularly refuel and service machinery. Small quantities of fuel may also be stored on site in jerrycans or 200-liter drums to refill small equipment (i.e., compressor, generator).

177 Temporary storage of hydrocarbons on site may be a source of water and soil pollution in case of accidental spillage or leakage from containers. It is also a source of accident (fire, explosion) with related public and occupational safety risks. Refueling operations on sites are also source of pollution if prevention measures are not considered.

PAC-02: Hazardous Materials Management Plan 178 Hazardous Materials Management Plan for hydrocarbons and chemical substances will be prepared by the Contractor, detailing the measures planned for minimizing pollution and safety risks. The plan will be applicable to all project activities involving the handling, storage and use of substances catalogued as hazardous. The information set out in this plan will cover the following aspects:

. procedure for registering and monitoring any substance of a hazardous nature including in particular the drafting of a safety data sheet per substance; . procedure for identification of alternative and less hazardous substances; . handling and storage conditions, including details on compatibility of the substances; . emergency procedures in case of a spill; and . condition for final treatment of residues or recycling.

179 The largest volume of chemical substances anticipated under a project of this type may concern hydrocarbons (diesel, oil and grease) and paints. The plan will lay down the conditions to be respected for storage and refueling of machinery. The plan will specify the pollution control equipment to be installed by the contractor at the storage sites: anti-pollution kits, extinguishers, and substance description sheets.

180 Chemical substances will be stored in a locked container located on a watertight floor surrounded by a bund, capable of storing at least 110% of the volume of the largest receptacle placed there. Each storage site will be provided with a substance collection pit, absorbent products and extinguishers. Standard signs will warn of the presence of toxic substances.

181 The substances’ Safety Data Sheets will be available on the storage site and from the ESHS Officer of the contractor concerned. All chemical substances stores will be regularly inspected in order to detect any possible leakage or damage to the containers.

182 At each site, the employees in charge of handling chemical substances will be given special training relative to best practice and emergency measures in case of an incident.

Mitigation Measures 183 To avoid any risk of accidental pollution by hydrocarbons, leakage when refueling on site, the contractor will be required:

. To submit an emergency response plan (see Section 5.4.3) in case of accidental spill will be provided, detailing refueling procedures and measures intended to answer and control quickly any spillage of hazardous materials. . To store hydrocarbons (as well as any other hazardous product as paint or solvent) in dedicated storage areas with safe retention capacity compliant with applicable good practice: storage bottom waterproof surrounded by a bund providing a safe retention capacity in case of accidental spillage or leakage of at least 110% of the largest container stored. The storage area shall be covered to be protected from the rain. An outlet (to evacuate rainfall from retention area) equipped with a valve will discharge into an oil separator in order to capture hydrocarbons before release in the drainage network. . To set-up a refueling procedure involving (1) the use of leakage-collection equipment, (2) a training program for the workers in charge of refueling, (3) the availability of spill

clean-up materials (e.g., absorbent pads, fine sand, etc.) specifically designed for petroleum products, and (4) the availability of an extinguisher. . To ensure safety posters are posted on storage sites informing workers of risks, together with fighting equipment in case of accident (extinguishers, sand stock with shovels). . To train construction personnel in handling of hydrocarbons and spill control procedures. . To ensure that storage facilities for hazardous materials or waste are not within a distance of 100 m from any surface water body (e.g., Ngamoeyeik reservoir and creek).

Emergency Preparedness and Response 184 An Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan is to be prepared by the Contractor. This Plan shall cover emergency situations related to (i) disaster (fire, explosion, flood), (ii) physical serious accident (car accident, occupational accident), (iii) accidental spill of hazardous products. The following aspects shall be addressed:

. Organization set-up to answer emergency: roles and responsibilities, contacts . Emergency procedure flowchart established and posted in appropriate places on every worksite; . Induction training performed for all workers on the subject; . Safety signs posted in appropriate places in all sites: assembly point, . Firefighting equipment to be installed on worksites and near critical points (fuel storage for example), . Antipollution equipment (pollution fighting kits, fine sand).

185 Specific training will be given for the activities to be performed in case of emergency intervention, for all staff and workers involved in any stage of the procedure.

Soil Resources

Source of Impacts 186 Three types of potential impacts in relation to soil management may occur, including: (i) soil erosion; (ii) soil contamination; and (iii) inappropriate management and disposal of excavation spoil

187 Soil erosion may result in the siltation of the reservoir or streams, impacting water quality. Erosion risk is limited over most of the project area considering the generally flat landscape. In places where there is potential for erosion, the pipeline will go underground through tunneling. The main risk related to erosion relates to the management of spoil, spoil compaction, protection, and drainage.

188 Contamination of soil in the construction phase may result from the inappropriate transfer, storage, and disposal of petroleum products, lubricants, chemicals, hazardous materials, liquids and solid waste. These impacts are particularly associated with construction camps where the majority of potentially contaminating chemicals are stored, and during refueling of heavy machinery and equipment (see Sections 5.4.2 and 5.4.2 above).

189 Improper disposal of excavation spoil may impact land, water and vegetation and may create dust and block drains. Estimated amount of spoil is:

. Tunnel sections: 7,000 m3/km of tunnel, or a total of 7,000 m3 for upstream tunnel (from water intake to pumping station) and 17,000 m3 for downstream tunnel;

. Tunnel access shafts: 2,000 m3 per pit (total 8 pits); at least 1,000 m3 is reused on site at the end of tunneling activities. About 8,000 m3 residual spoil may be expected. . Pipeline trench: Excavated volume is 20,000 m3/km, residual spoil is 5,000 m3 per km. . Water intake: 2,000 m.3 190 Total residual amount spoil to be produced is estimated to be 187,000 m3. This estimate should be increased by about 15 to 20% to take into consideration the decompaction of the soil. It is estimate that total volume of about 200,000 to 220,000 m3 of spoil which will require transport and eventual disposal and/or reuse for land reclamation. Based on a 10 m high spoil disposal and if correctly compacted, this spoil volume may cover an area of 2 ha.

PAC-04: Erosion and Sediment Control Plan 191 The contractor is to prepare an Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan. For each site to be opened for construction activities, a detailed plan of the drainage system and the proposed anti- erosion measures will be prepared and submitted to the PMC and PMU for non-objection at least two weeks before starting works on the site. The drainage channel and sedimentation basins will be built as a priority before any other activity is carried out.

192 Erosion control measures will be applied to all land that is stripped or excavated, all embankments and temporary or permanent deposits of materials in order to minimize and control the resulting sediment loads before they reach surface water bodies. This protection will involve, on one hand, the implementation of methods for stabilizing slopes where justified and, on the other, collection of surface water runoff. This Plan mainly concerns the worksite for the new water intake at Ngamoeyeik as well as tunnel access pits and the pipeline route where significant volumes of excavated materials will need to be temporarily stored.

193 Erosion control will include methods that are incorporated into construction practices, as the provision of temporary protection of a mechanical nature (geotextile covering sheets, sediment barriers). Drainage of the entire area of any construction operations will be provided prior to the start of any other activity. Drained water will be channeled towards one or several sedimentation basins designed following accepted best practice and sized to contain the rainwater falling in 24 hours with a return period of two years.

PAC – 13 Spoil Disposal Management Plan 194 The contractor is to prepare a Spoil Disposal Management Plan for the site preparation phase to minimize any unused disturbed surface area. Before starting operation on the disposal area, a site drainage system shall be put in place.

any permanent spoil disposal shall be vegetated in parallel with the progress of the disposal; . All topsoil from temporary or permanent (first 20 cm of soil) worksite shall be removed and disposed separately from other excavation spoil Topsoil shall be stored in dedicated areas, separated from other spoil disposal areas and shall be clearly indicated on site by appropriate signs. Topsoil will be used at the end of the construction to rehabilitate worksites.

Mitigation Measures. 195 For soil erosion control, mitigation measures include:

. minimize the area of soil clearance and to maintain slope stability anywhere excavation happens; . control silt runoff; . cover soil stockpiles particularly along pipeline trench; . properly stabilize slopes and revegetate disturbed surfaces using locally available indigenous grass species; . use of temporary berms or other appropriate temporary drainage provisions at construction sites to prevent water eroding cut faces, stockpiles and other exposed areas of soil particularly if construction occurs in the rainy season.

196 For soil contamination control, mitigation measures include:

. to store chemicals/hazardous products and waste on impermeable surfaces in secure, covered areas with clear labelling of containers and with a tray or bund to contain leaks; . to disseminate spill management plan to construction team and conduct training in emergency spill response procedures; . to provide spill clean-up measures and equipment at each construction site; . to ensure hydrocarbons is stored in a bunded tank and vehicle refueling takes place on hard standing area away from surface water.

197 For excavation spoil disposal mitigation measure include:

. submit map detailing the proposed spoil disposal areas. The must include all required land use permits, agreement with landowners, and any other require government approvals. The Plan must be approved prior any use of the proposed sites and to transport removed spoil only to approved sites; . seek an arrangement in the region with developers in search of fill for land reclamation. The Korean Industrial Development project could be a potential user. In addition, communities could be a potential user; . cover temporary spoil stock-piles to prevent it being blown by wind or eroded by rain and to surround the stock-pile with a temporary drain leading to main drainage. This recommendation applies particularly to spoil from pipeline excavation; . for final disposal area, the spoil pile shall not be higher than 10 m, with a 1 m wide berm every 3 m of elevation.

Water Resources

Source of Impacts 198 The project may impact on surface water quality during construction through accidental contamination and increased sedimentation into water bodies. Main risk concerns the construction of the water intake in Ngamoeyeik reservoir and the two crossings of Ngamoeyeik creek. The concrete pipe fabrication plant and the concrete batching plant are also potential sources of water pollution.

199 The construction of the water intake will be done behind a sheet piles cofferdam. The main risk concerns (i) excessive sediment discharge in the reservoir and (ii) accidental spill of hazardous product. Construction of the cofferdam should not generate significant sediment load because it is built with sheet piles, not earth. During construction of the water intake, infiltrated water will be pumped from the construction site and released in the reservoir. Such waters are generally rich in sediment content. Also, excavation of tunnel will involve the production of earth spoil to be stored next to the site and potential source of sedimentation if not well stabilized and drained.

200 Surface-water runoff, especially large quantities in the wet season, erodes exposed soil, can damage work-sites, storage and dump sites, works in progress, adjacent land, and undermine built structures. Water running over the ground-surface pushes or carries dust, soil, detritus, and garbage. Control of surface-water runoff and sediment from work and storage sites is vital to prevent erosion and damage both on-site and off-site.

201 Worksite facilities (worker camp, storage area, batching plant (possible), workshop etc. will be installed close to the shoreline of the reservoir, next to the water intake site. Pollution risks from domestic wastewater, drainage of workshops, batching plant effluent could happen if no prevention measure is implemented. Potential risk also is an accidental spill of fuel reaching the reservoir.

202 There is a risk of the water becoming contaminated during construction of the bridges over Ngamoeyeik creek for the crossing of the pipeline and the possibility of leakage of oil and petroleum from construction equipment.

Applicable Action Plans 203 Mitigation measures for the impact on water resources are included in the action plans:

i. PAC-04 Erosion and Sediment Control Plan; ii. PAC-03: Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan; iii. PAC-10: Contract Plant Management Plan; and iv. PAC- 13 Spoil Disposal Management Plan

Mitigation Measures 204 The contractor shall be required the following prevention measures for works carried out adjacent to river body:

. To ensure equipment used for works is free of leaks and excess oil or grease . Storage of fuel and chemicals and equipment refueling operations shall be organized at least 50 m away from the water body;

. The contractor shall submit an emergency plan in case of accidental spillage of hazardous product into the reservoir, describing the measures it intends to take in case of such event. . Carry out the earthworks during dry season to avoid sediment run-off to the Ngamoeyeik reservoir; . Minimize disturbance of vegetation on surrounding areas. Cut brush off to ground height where needed but without disturbing the roots, to allow vegetation regrowth from root stocks and reduce risk of erosion and sediment transfer to the reservoir. . When muddy water is pumped from excavation works, it shall be transferred into a sediment pond to collect as much as possible sediment before discharging returning water in natural drains or in the reservoir. Even better, where feasible, discharge water into vegetated area for eventual infiltration into the ground; if sediment is too fine to settle quickly enough, the use of flocculent will be considered. . Depending the location of the sediment pond, the contractor shall be invited to reuse part of the water treated for spraying construction site installations and accesses during dry season for the control of dust. . Equipment shall be washed in a dedicated area located at least 30 m from the water body and the resulting wastewater (including grease, oil or cement) collected in a sediment pond. . Effluent from concrete plants will be transferred to a sedimentation pond where effluent pH will be buffered to pH 6-8 by acid before being released in the natural drainage. Sediment from pond needs to be removed regularly and disposed safely in a site from where it cannot be drained back by run-off to the reservoir. . Effective septic treatment and disposal systems will be installed at construction camps or arrangements for adequate off-site disposal made . Contractor will be required to monitor on a monthly basis all liquid effluents leaving the construction sites. . Environmental monitoring of water quality of the reservoir water and Ngamoeyeik creek near construction activities will be carried out by PMU.

Workers Camps

PAC-05: Management of Worker Camps 205 A Workers Camp Management Plan is to be prepared by the contractor. The Plan will include:

. choice of location for the camp, proposed organization, controlled entry; . installations proposed for water supply and sewerage, solid waste management and drainage of storm water; . equipment selected for the sanitary facilities (toilets and showers); to be mentioned that sanitation facilities cannot be less than 1 toilet and 1 shower for 15 workers; . collective equipment, bedrooms and dormitories; . anticipated catering and food supply services, particularly canteens; means for monitoring the quality of foodstuffs stored and distributed in the camp; . the policies implemented with regard to prevention of drug and alcohol abuse; . the policies implemented with regard to sexual harassment and violence; . the guarantee to supply camp residents with potable water 24/7.

206 The specifications of the Tender Documents will lay down the requirements regarding water supply and sewerage. In order to eliminate the risks of development of disease vectors, stormwater drainage will be provided. The ratios to be respected in terms of sanitation (number of toilets, showers and wash-basins) will also be defined. The standards applicable to bedrooms and their furnishing and fittings will also be detailed in the Tender Documents. In particular, the minimum floor space per person, the supply of impregnated mosquito nets and mattresses will be stipulated.

207 The procedures to ensure hygiene in all common facilities and in particular food hygiene procedures for storing and monitoring fresh products used by the canteens will be detailed by the contractor responsible.

208 To prevent possible abuse of drugs and alcohol, measures to raise the awareness of employees and specific control measures will be set up by the contractor.

209 In case women are accommodated in the camp, they will be accommodated in a dedicated dormitory with toilets and showers not accessible to men. The Contractor will include in the code of conduct to be developed a section covering the policy against sexual harassment. It will be displayed in key places in the camp (canteen, dormitories, etc.) and included in the induction training carried out for all workers.

Public Health Management

PAC-06: Public Health Management Plan 210 The plan requirements will cover the following areas:

. List of medical facilities identified close to the construction activities (health center, dispensary, Hlegu hospital, etc.) and telephone contacts of these facilities; . Agreement for medical services with the closest hospital (Hlegu?) to provide ambulance transport, medical care and hospitalization for injured workers; . Employee medical surveillance measures: medical check-up on recruitment, annual medical check-up; . provision of prophylactics for treatment of parasite infections detected (malaria, dengue, amoebiasis, etc.); . regular pesticide treatment of residential areas (camps) to eliminate disease vectors (mosquitoes, blackflies, etc.) and cleaning of the drainage system; . regular cleaning of the sanitary facilities, in particular toilets and septic tanks (emptying to avoid overflow); . waste management and regular cleaning of refuse bins; . systematic program to keep employees aware of good hygienic practices; . monitoring hygiene in canteens; . program to make employees aware of STDs and HIV/Aids and supply of prophylactics; . guarantee to supply all workers on any worksite with potable water 24/7.

Occupational Health and Safety

Source of Impacts 211 The project will concentrate a number of workers, some travelling with their employers from other Asian regions (most probably the skilled staff) and others recruited from project area as unskilled

labor. Employment of unskilled labor from the Project area may represent an economic benefit for the population, but only if strict human resources management conditions are established. The risk to have the Contractor relying only on daily work (a common practice in Myanmar) will strongly reduce the benefits for the impacted population: no awareness training and no capacity building of the employees, no recruitment medical check-up, no clear working conditions regarding working hours and overtime, no health and accident insurance coverage, possible preference given to women but with lower fees.

212 As the staff will be distributed in a number of sites, it is difficult to anticipate on the Contractor choice which could be a large camp near the water intake to supply daily all other sites or various smaller facilities. Whatever the choice, the camps will have to respect detailed specifications. Inappropriate accommodation or food quality may result in communicable diseases and outbreak of water, hygiene and mosquito related infections. Inappropriate safety conditions on construction sites may lead to accidents, muscular diseases and eventually fatalities. Issue of occupational health and safety (OHS) is a major one in Myanmar, where these aspects are hardly considered on most construction sites observed. It may also represent a risk for the surrounding community if construction sites are not sufficiently fenced.

PAC-07: Occupational Health and Safety Plan 213 The Contractor shall prepare an Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Plan which identifies and specifies:

. Occupational health and safety risks in relation to construction activities; . Prevention and protection measures to control OHS risks; . Dedicated resources: staff and facilities; . List of works requiring Permits to Work (PTW) and procedure to manage safety for high risks activities through the implementation of prevention and protection measures prior to the starting of work. Concerned high risks activities (e.g., works at height, hot works, work on live electricity); . Medical emergency procedures including identification of, and agreement (signed) with a referral hospital each vehicle is equipped with first aid kit; . Monitoring program for health and safety including selected indicators and methodology for follow-up. . Organization of OHS meetings: once per month which will be attended by PMU, once per week per worksite to identify risks related to new construction activities and to brief staff on applicable safety procedures. . Procedure to ensure that all personnel, visitors or third parties entering a worksite are equipped with PPE pursuant to the good practices: Clothing which covers arms and legs, Reflective jacket, Safety goggles, Protective footwear (safety shoes or boots), Safety helmets, Ear and respiratory protection (when appropriate), Leather gloves (when appropriate), Fall-arrest devices when working at locations from which a free-fall hazard greater than 2 meters exists, Flotation work vests when working over water or in other locations where a fall into the water is possible (as for the Ngamoeyeik water intake worksite), . First aid facilities established on the construction or camp sites including (i) one first aid officer on each construction site, (ii) first aid box fully equipped on each site and in sufficient numbers to ensure access within 5 minutes; key personnel shall be trained as first aider and each vehicle is equipped with first aid box;

. Emergency and evacuation procedure in case of serious injury, to local hospitals; the procedure shall detail measures and means for patient emergency stabilization, transfer to referral medical center and follow-up during treatment. . All employed personnel in case of accident or illness occurring during the execution of the works, is guaranteed access to health care including medical check-ups, screening, vaccinations and preventive healthcare as malaria for example, general healthcare during the execution of the works including medical consultation and free medicines prescribed by the medical doctor, medical assistance in the event of an accident and assistance for emergency evacuations.

Mitigation Measures 214 To optimize social benefits for the Project area population, it is required to define a framework for the recruitment and the management of the manpower and to impose it to the Contractor. The following mitigation measures are required:

. Contractor will follow ADB Core Labor Standards; . Limit the Contractor’s use daily workers to maximum 10% of the contracted unskilled workers; . Require at least 30% women in unskilled labor, at the same salary as man for similar work; . All worker must have a signed contract which template, prepared by the Contractor, accepted by the YCDC and the Labor Department; . The signed contract will clearly define working conditions including working hours, overtime, day off, allowances (transport, meals), social protection benefits. . All workers must receive recruitment medical check-up and ESHS induction training; . All workers must be covered by a health and accident insurance supplied by the Contractor. 215 To ensure appropriate health and safety conditions for the workers, and in compliance with the requirements of the ADB, of the national regulations (i.e., Myanmar Occupational Safety and Health Law, 2019) or of any other international lending agency, the following measures are required:

. to conduct awareness training for construction workers regarding occupational health and safety measures, hygiene, emergency response in case of accidents, fire, etc., and prevention of water related diseases; . to provide first aid facilities in all working sites, particularly in those located outside the urbanized area, and readily accessible by workers; . to provide fire-fighting equipment on the work sites; . to provide adequate accommodation for all workers living in a worker camp: Room size of more than 4.5m²/worker, maximum 4 workers/room, private storage of 0.5 m3 per worker, 1 bed/worker minimum 80 cm wide, mattress, pillow, blanket, bedding, mosquito net. At least 1 window (glass) per room, electric lighting and at least 1 electric plug; . to provide reliable and sufficient supply of potable water on work sites and in camps; . to provide separate hygienic sanitation facilities/toilets and bathing areas with sufficient water supply for male and female workers. Minimum is 1 toilet and 1 shower for 15 workers; . to establish a clean canteen and rest areas;

. to provide appropriate personnel protection equipment (PPE) at least helmets and safety boots to all workers. To provide also gloves, protective clothes, goggles and ear protection where justified and ensure the equipment is effectively and adequately used. . to implement fall prevention and protection measures whenever a worker is exposed to the hazard of falling more than two meters, of falling into operating machinery or of falling through an opening in a work surface.

Air Quality

Sources of Impacts 216 The main sources of air pollution are construction equipment and vehicles (e.g., trucks). The concrete pipe fabrication plant and the concrete batching plant are also sources. Dust and emissions affect air quality in the surroundings of construction workplaces. Areas most affected will be are those located along the pipeline route during pipeline installation or near the concrete plants. Most areas will be affected by the heavy truck traffic required for the transport of concrete pipe, construction materials and excavation spoil.

217 The production of dust is generally the most widely perceived nuisance generated by earthworks and transport on during dry season. Works may significantly generate dust if no preventive measure is applied during excavations particularly of the pipeline trench in inhabited road sections.

PAC-09 Management of Air Quality and Dust 218 The Contractor will put in place a plan to limit atmospheric and noise emissions in all areas likely to be affected by construction of the Project, particularly in all residential areas along the pipeline route. The Contractor will prepare an Air Quality and Dust Management Plan detailing the measures that will be implemented.

219 Emissions of exhaust gases and fumes will be limited by appropriate maintenance of equipment and trucks, and by banning the burning of waste on the sites.

220 Dust caused by vehicles on unpaved surfaces will be subject to reduction measures in residential areas, by requiring the contractor to water spray the ground at regular intervals, i.e. at least two to four times per day during periods without daily rainfall. All loads of fine materials potentially causing dust to be spread during transport will be covered by a tarpaulin. In storage areas, watering will be required for all materials likely to generate dust. Wheels of trucks will be washed every time before leaving sites, to avoid deposition of sludge on public road and later production of dust.

221 Measures for controlling emissions and dust from the concrete pipe fabrication plant and the concrete batching plant are presented in Section 5.4.10).

222 The PMU, through an Environmental Monitoring Contractor, will conduct air quality monitoring.

Mitigation measures 223 Best management practices will be adopted during construction to minimize dust and combustion exhaust emissions. Mitigation measures to be implemented by the Contractor to minimize impacts on air quality are the following:

. Reduce pollutant emission at source: Wherever possible, use electrically-powered equipment rather than gas or diesel-powered equipment; Use only vehicles and equipment in good condition for works in refueling areas; Construction equipment and vehicles shall be well-maintained and meet with applicable international recommendations; Undertake immediate repairs of any malfunctioning construction vehicles and equipment, particularly regarding smoke emission and noise. Control of equipment shall be done by the Project Management Unit (PMU) team in charge of ESHS and/or its supervision Engineer. . Burning of wastes generated at the construction sites, work camps and other project-related activities shall be strictly prohibited. . Position any stationary emission sources (e.g., portable diesel generator, compressor, etc.) as far as is practical from sensitive receptors and residents and use only low noise equipment. . Control the risk of dust release: Keep excavated soil moist and cover vehicles with tarpaulin sheets or other suitable materials to minimize dust emission and prevent spillage of materials (e.g. soil, cement, sand, aggregates, etc.). In residential area, spoils shall be loaded and transported immediately; provide wheel cleaning for any truck/car leaving muddy construction site (as the tunnel access pits and along the pipeline trench) and accessing to public road; clean daily road surfaces of debris/spills from construction equipment and vehicles in the vicinity of activities. . Ensure availability of water spaying facility on site if the works area is dry and dusty, near sensitive receptors (i.e. residential areas, roadside tea and food stalls, monasteries, schools, hospitals and other sensitive receptors). Spray regularly water on the exposed surfaces to reduce dust emission. . Impose compliance with speed limits of construction vehicles to minimize dust emission (as well as the risk of traffic accident). . Provide prior notification to the community on schedule of construction activities which may generate dust and air pollution and implement 24-hour community grievance hotline.

Noise and Vibration

Sources of Impacts 224 The main source on noise and vibration will construction equipment and vehicles (e.g., trucks). Tunnel construction involves tunneling machine which is expected to source of vibration. The concrete pipe fabrication plant and the concrete batching plant are also sources. Sensitive receptors near the RoW will be affected during excavation and pipe laying. Most areas will be affected by the heavy truck traffic required for the transport of concrete pipe, construction materials and excavation spoil.

225 Table 25 provides some typical noise levels measured at various distances from the emission point related to various construction machineries.

Table 25. Reference Noise Levels of Various Construction Equipment in dBA.

Equipment Type 15 m 30 m 50 m 100 m 200 m Excavator / Backhoe 78 72 67 61 53 Bulldozer 78 72 67 61 53 Jackhammer 89 83 78 72 66 Air compressor 75 69 64 58 52 Vibrator 76 70 65 59 53 Mixer 75 69 64 58 52 Truck 76 70 65 59 53

PAC-10: Noise and Vibration Management Plan 226 The Contractor will put in place a program to limit noise and vibration in all areas likely to be affected by construction of the Project, particularly in all residential areas along the pipeline route. The Contractor will prepare a Noise and Vibration Management Plan based on the following requirements:

i. Source control: Maintain all exhaust systems in good working order; undertake regular equipment maintenance; ii. Locate sites for concrete batching and concrete pipe manufacture and similar activities at least 500 m away from sensitive areas; iii. Ensure that no vibration sensitive structures or sensitive receptors are with the area of impact (i.e., 30 m or either side of the ROW); iv. Operate between 8am-6pm only and reach an agreement with nearby residents regarding the timing of heavy machinery work, to avoid any unnecessary disturbances; v. Provide advance warning to the community, including residents, school, temple and hospital on timing of activities. Seek suggestions from community members to reduce noise and vibration annoyance; vi. Public notification of construction operations will incorporate noise and vibration considerations; information procedure of handling complaints through the Grievance Redress Mechanism will be disseminated; vii. Ensure noise monitoring is undertaken near sensitive receptors, particularly dwellings, temples, schools and hospital; viii. All construction workers to use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for high noise or lengthy exposure 227 Noise monitoring is to be undertaken by the PMU environmental staff and monitoring contractors.

Concrete Pipe Fabrication Plan and Concrete Batching Plant. 228 The Project is expected to need: (i) 33,000m of 2,400 mm or concrete for the pipeline from Ngamoeyeik Reservoir to Nyaunghnapin Water Treatment Plant. The preferred approach is to fabricate this pipe in situ at a site near the pipeline route. A concrete pipe fabrication plant will be needed. In addition, it is expected that a concrete batching plant will be established for construction of the new intake and intake tunnel.

Impacts 229 The location of the pipe fabrication plant and the concrete batching plant will be determined by the Contractor prior to construction. However, these batching plants must be located in an area where they will not pose a hazard to the environment or local communities. Highly alkaline wastewater, dust emissions and noise are the key potential impacts associated with concrete batching plants.

PAC-11: Concrete Plant Management Plan 230 The Contractor is to prepare a Concrete Plant Management Plan that will include necessary site-specific environmental management measures for the Concrete Pipe Fabrication Plant and Concrete Batching Plants. The plan must be approved by the Project Management Consultant and the Project Management Unit, prior to start of operations.

231 This plan will contain mitigation measures to address the following potential impacts:

 Air Quality. Potential sources of dust pollution include delivery of raw materials in trucks, trailers and tankers; storage of raw materials in bunkers and stockpiles; transfer of raw materials by front end loaders, conveyors, hoppers and agitators; and leakage or spillage of raw materials from silos, inspection covers and duct work.  Noise. Potential sources of noise include truck and front-end loader engine noise, hydraulic pumps, aggregate delivery to bunkers and hoppers, conveyor belts, truck air brakes, compressors, swinging, scraping, loading devices, opening and closing gates. and alarms.  Water Quality. Potential water pollutants in batching plant wastewater include cement, sand, aggregates and petroleum products. The main sources of wastewater at batching plants are: contaminated storm-water runoff; dust control sprinklers, agitator washout stations, and cleaning and washing.  Waste Concrete. The main solid waste generated by concrete plants is waste concrete. Concrete waste management is to include (i) waste minimization in the production process; re-use of waste concrete for construction purposes at the plant; and (ii) collecting the waste concrete in a fully enclosed pit where it can be dried. It should then be reused or taken to a recycling facility or licensed landfill site for disposal.

Mitigation Measures.

232 The plan will contain mitigation measures to address the following potential impacts.

233 Air Quality. Potential sources of dust pollution include delivery of raw materials in trucks, trailers and tankers; storage of raw materials in bunkers and stockpiles; transfer of raw materials by front end loaders, conveyors, hoppers and agitators; and leakage or spillage of raw materials from silos, inspection covers and duct work. To prevent or minimize air quality impacts, the following measures will be undertaken:

 Concrete plants to be located at least 500 m downwind, or as far as practicable, from sensitive receptors to reduce the impact and to be fitted with necessary equipment such as bag house filters to reduce fugitive dust emissions.  Stockpiles must be managed to reduce dust emissions. The location of the stockpile must be downwind of sensitive receptors. The stockpile must be sprayed with water before material is moved. If the stockpile is within 300 m of dwellings additional precautions must be taken including using a reusable stockpile cover and fencing to form a high barrier and prevent wind lifting and dispersing.  Plant site management. Water will be sprayed on plant sites and material handling routes where fugitive dust is generated.  Transport of materials. Trucks hauling cement, sand or gravel will be covered with tarpaulins or other suitable cover. Construction vehicles and machinery shall be maintained to a high standard to minimize emissions.

234 Noise. Potential sources of noise include truck and front-end loader engine noise, hydraulic pumps, aggregate delivery to bunkers and hoppers, conveyor belts, truck air brakes, compressors, swinging, scraping, loading devices, opening and closing gates. and alarms. To prevent or minimize noise, the following measures will be undertaken:

 Siting. Concrete plants to be located at least 200 m away, or as far as practicable, from sensitive receptors to reduce the impact  Hours of Operation. Operate between 8 am and 6 pm only. Reach an agreement with nearby residents regarding the timing major operational activities, to avoid any unnecessary disturbances;  Noise Barriers. Where necessary to ensure compliance with national noise standards;  Community Notification. Provide advance warning to the community on timing of noisy activities in addition to pre-construction consultation; and  Consultation and Engagement. Information procedure of handling noise complaints through the Grievance Redress Mechanism will be disseminated and continually seek suggestions from community members to reduce noise.

235 Water Quality. Potential water pollutants in batching plant wastewater include cement, sand, aggregates and petroleum products. The main sources of wastewater at batching plants are: contaminated storm-water runoff; dust control sprinklers, agitator washout stations, and cleaning and washing. To prevent or minimize impacts on water quality, the following measures will be undertaken:

 Siting. Concrete plants to be located at least 200 m away, or as far as practicable, from all water bodies to reduce the impact;  The site will be designed to minimize the areas which might be contaminated with cement, sand, aggregates, and/or petroleum products;  All areas that are sources of wastewater should be contained and bunded. (A bund is a small wall of concrete or another impervious material, similar to the curb beside a bitumen road. Bunds serve the dual purpose of ensuring all wastewater is captured and excluding clean storm water runoff.);

 Separate dedicated drainage systems are to be provided for contaminated and clean storm water; and  All contaminated storm water and process wastewater will be collected and recycled.

236 Waste Concrete. The main solid waste generated by concrete plants is waste concrete. Concrete waste management is to include:

 Waste minimization in the production process;  Where possible to re-use waste concrete for construction purposes at the plant; and  Collecting the waste concrete in a fully enclosed pit where it can be dried. It should then be reused or taken to a recycling facility or licensed landfill site for disposal.

237 Site Rehabilitation. The site is to be restored to pre-disturbance status.

Sourcing of Construction Materials 238 To avoid promoting or supporting illegal sand mining, extraction of rock through illegal quarry operations, and extraction of construction materials from illegal borrow pits, the contractor will be required demonstrate that all construction materials are obtained from legitimate sources. Bidding documents will explicitly set out this requirement.

PAC -12 Prior Approval of Sources of Construction Materials 239 The Contractor shall use legitimate sources for aggregates, sand, and other construction materials. Legitimate sources are sources that have all legally approved licenses, permits and environmental approvals in accordance with the government requirements, and are free from any kind of disputes, If the materials will be sourced from the commercial suppliers, the requirements for the suppliers are the same as above. In addition to this, if the suppliers are sourcing the materials from illegal or disputed sources, the projects should not purchase the materials from such suppliers.

240 The contractor is to seek and receive prior approval for all sources of construction materials from the Project Management Consultant and the Project Management Unit.

Transport of Materials 241 The construction period will involve the increase of vehicle traffic along hauling routes. The largest requirements for transportation will be for cement (2,500 truck-trips), pipeline rings (7,000 truck-trips) and excavation spoil (20,000 truck-trips). These will be conveyed by means of 15 to 20 tons trucks. The IEE recommends the fabrication of the pipeline as close as possible to the pipeline route and to identify areas for disposal or reuse of spoil also close to the construction sites.

Source of Impacts 242 Increased road traffic is anticipated during construction in relation to the transport of material. Three major sources of impact are (i) the transport of pipeline rings; (iii) transport of construction materials and (iii) the transport of excavation spoil.

243 Adding additional transport of other Material, it is probable that transportation for YCWRP may represent more than 30,000 to 35,000 truck-trips. It is thus important to reduce as much as possible distances particularly for pipeline ring and spoil, as no reduction is reasonably possible for other equipment. Based on a diesel consumption of 25 l/100 km for a 15 to 20 tons truck, GHG production

(including CO2, CH4 and NO2) represents 690 g CO2-eq/km. Assuming a limited average distance of 10 km per trip, (20 km including return) GHG production per truck-trip is 13,800 g CO2-eq per trip or about 400 tons CO2-eq for 30,000 trips.

244 However, the emission of GHG related to transportation remains limited when compared GHG emissions in relation to cement production. It is estimated the concrete pipeline to require 50,000 tons cement which production should generate more than 10,000 tons CO2-eq.

245 Loading and unloading of materials on the road may create traffic congestion and risks of accident.

PAC-15 Transport of Material Plan 246 The project activities will require the transport large amount of concrete pipe, construction material, construction equipment and spoil material. The contractor will undertake a site and route specific assessment of the risks associated with of the transport of concrete pipe, construction materials, and spoil materials.

247 The contractor will prepare a Transport of Material Management Plan, which must be approved by the Project Management Consultant and the Project Management.

248 The plan will include mitigation measures to address the following impacts.

 Air Quality and Dust  Traffic Safety  Noise and Vibration

249 The plan is to be developed in coordination with other plans for air quality management, noise and vibration control, concrete plant management, spoil management, and traffic management and site access.

Mitigation Measures 250 The following measures may be considered to limit transport trips:

 the production of pipeline units will be implemented as close as possible of the pipeline route, to reduce traffic for the transportation of pipeline rings.  the spoil disposal sites will be also distributed as close as possible of the pipeline route  trucks shall be recent and well maintain to ensure lower diesel consumption and cleaner exhaust particularly for particles; and  truck will be covered with tarpaulins to reduce dust. 251 In terms of costs, air pollution and GHG release, it is of utmost importance for the Contractor to identify disposal sites next to main production points.

252 Loading and unloading of materials along the pipeline route will be strictly limited to the section of the lane already condemned for construction activities. Trucks will not stop along the other lane except if absolutely necessary and in this situation, all safety measures required will have been implemented.

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Traffic and Public Safety

Source of Impacts 253 Road traffic is a prime cause of accidents during the construction phase of infrastructure projects. It is therefore essential to regulate traffic both on site and outside. This is particularly important for the present project as (i) the pipeline component is located along roads crossing several urban areas, (ii) pipeline laying activities will limit traffic to one lane involving congestion and risk of road accident and (iii) the project will involve the transport of significant quantities of equipment materials (particularly spoil) which may generate increased truck traffic.

254 All activities involving work along public roads will definitely reduce the accessibility to buildings, reduce the number of usable road lanes and create traffic congestion. The presence of population including children next to construction activities where heavy machinery is operating and with the presence of excavations and construction equipment will create additional risks regarding public safety.

255 The working area may temporarily alienate access to work sites, schools and community facilities. In addition, retail merchants may suffer economic losses if access is denied to their establishments. The project will be required to take all the necessary measures in order to minimize the detrimental side effects of construction activities particularly regarding traffic and public safety. The issue is particularly critical along the main road where traffic and urbanized areas are significant.

Road Traffic and Site Access Plan. 256 The Contractor is to prepare a Road Traffic and Site Access Plan for its construction activities along roads where traffic may be constrained. The plan for alternate traffic conditions or deviation will be validated by local traffic police and by PMU prior to start works on the concerned site.

257 The plan shall be designed to ensure that traffic congestion due to construction activities and movement of construction vehicles, haulage trucks, and equipment is minimized. The plan shall be prepared in consultation with local traffic police. The plan shall identify traffic diversion and management, define routes for construction traffic from materials storage/parking areas to construction site and from construction site to waste disposal locations, traffic schedules, traffic arrangements showing all detours/lane diversions, modifications to signals at intersections, necessary barricades, warning/advisory signs, road signs, lighting, and other provisions to ensure that adequate and safe access is provided to cars, motorists and pedestrians in the affected areas.

258 The plan will also include the following considerations:

. awareness raising and training of drivers of trucks on elementary traffic safety rules and on risks: (i.e., driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, excess speed, monitoring of tires and breaks condition, load stability) . visual acuity of all recruited drivers and their ability to drive; . provision for parking for trucks not encroaching on the roadway; . controls on speed limits; and . access or approach to construction sites to be indicated by appropriate road signals.

259 The Contractor will consult with local population concerned by the construction activities to validate access plan to residences and businesses. PMU will participate to these consultations and will validate the plan prior to start works.

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260 The Tender Documents will set out all these obligations as well as the penalties that will be applied to the contractor and their sub-contractors in case of infringement.

Mitigation Measures 261 The following measures shall be implemented by the contractor to address impacts to traffic flow and access to properties:

. Prior to starting works, consultation meetings with community members will be organized by the Contractor, to provide awareness and advise on road safety and other safety issues. . Clear signs will be placed at construction sites including pits, in view of the public, warning people of potential dangers such as moving vehicles, hazardous materials and excavation and raising awareness on safety issues. . Heavy machinery will not be used after day light and all such equipment will be returned to its overnight storage area/position before night. All sites including storage areas will be made secure, discouraging access by members of the public by fencing when appropriate. . Provide clear signs advising road users that construction is in progress and that the road narrows to one lane using cones. . Employ flag persons to control traffic at sites for safety reasons when construction equipment is entering or leaving the work area. . Lanes through the work site created by rope or flagging, shall be developed to minimize risks of injuries. . Post traffic advisory signs (to minimize traffic build-up) in coordination with local authorities . Provide road signs indicating the lane is closed at least 200 m before the worksite and signs to indicate any proposed detour road. . Provide sufficient lighting at night within and in the vicinity of construction sites. . Regularly monitoring of traffic conditions along access roads to ensure that project vehicles are not causing congestion. . As much as possible, schedule delivery of construction materials and equipment as well as transport of spoils during non-peak hours. . Implement suitable safety measures to minimize risk of adverse interactions between construction works and traffic flows through provision of temporary signals or flag controls, adequate lighting, fencing, signage and road diversions. . Comply with traffic regulations and avoid, where possible, roads with the highest traffic volumes, high density of sensitive receivers or capacity constraints are not used as access to and from the construction areas and spoils disposal sites. . Provide induction training on road safety to drivers and ensure they comply with regulations regarding speed and the ban of alcohol when on duty. . Install temporary accesses to properties affected by disruption to their permanent accesses. . Reinstate good quality permanent accesses following completion of construction.

Cultural Resources

Source of Impacts 262 There is only limited cultural resources present along the project route. Only two monasteries and 3 spirit houses are located on the road side along the pipeline route. Monasteries are not directly threatened by the construction works, being built at a distance from the RoW. Only a pair of lion sculptures at the entrance of Pa Ya Gon monastery are located very close to the RoW limit and could

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be affected during construction activities if no preventive measure is implemented. Also, significant excavation will happen and there may be possibility to find some physical cultural resources (PCR). If no anticipation, the discovery may be destroyed and lost.

Protection of Cultural Resources Plan 263 The Contractor will prepare and Protection of Cultural Resources Plan. The plan prescribe (the chance-find procedure in case a discovery is made or an interaction is observed during the works. This procedure will include aspects such as:

. immediate measures to stop work at concerned site and mark out the area to be protected; . information procedure involving the CC-ESHSE, the ICSS and PEM; . approval of the measures decided by the PMU; . organization of removal of the resource (if physical); . closure of the incident and resumption of work. 264 At the start of works, the Contractor will organize consultation with the local religious authorities to clarify the procedure for temporary removal. The PMC engineering and environmental staff will attend these consultations.

Mitigation Measures 265 The following measures shall be implemented by the Contractor:

. Each religious site will be consulted in advance of construction in order to identify any sensitive dates or times which construction would have an unacceptable impact on. The leader of the religious community of each concerned site will be kept informed of the timings of construction activities in his area. Consultation with the monk community will be organized by the Contractor, with attendance of PEM and SESS. . For any works carried out in front of monasteries, a protection of the external wall shall be put in place in the areas the closest to the works. The protection shall consist of a mobile fence to ensure at least 1m safety distance between works and the preserved structure. This safety distance shall also be used for the passage of pedestrians. . Should the two lion sculptures at entrance of Pa Ya Gon monastery be considered too close from trench external limit (after detailed marking of the trench on the ground), they will be carefully removed by the contractor and temporary disposed within the Monastery before being reinstalled at the end of the construction activities in the area. Preliminary consultation with the monk community will be organized by the Contractor to define procedures for removal. . Any time, to dispose earth, materials, pipes, equipment etc. directly against a heritage structure (or its surrounding wall or fence) shall be strictly forbidden. . The monk community concerned shall be informed of the measures imposed to the contractor and will ensure these are enforced 24/7 during the works. . Timing. Construction work including the use of machinery will only take place between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. unless the consultations above dictate otherwise. 266 The contractor shall implement a “chance-find” procedure throughout the construction works to account for any undiscovered items identified during construction/excavation works. The procedure shall include the followings:

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. Workers will be trained in the identification of potential items of heritage significance; . Should any potential item be located, the site supervisor will be immediately contacted and work will be temporarily stopped in that site. . If the site supervisor determines that the item is of potential significance, a representative from the Department of Archaeology and National Museum (DANM, Ministry of Culture) shall be invited to inspect the site and work will be stopped until he has responded to this invitation. . Work will not resume in this location until agreement has been reached between YCDC and DANM. . A precautionary approach shall be adopted in the application of this procedure.

Site Cleaning and Rehabilitation Plan 267 By the end of construction activities, the contractor has to decommission the sites where its activities for Project needs have been performed and to restore their initial conditions, which includes:

. The demolishing of all temporary structures/buildings developed for the purpose of Project construction. . The removal from the sites of all equipment and remaining material and waste, the safe disposal or recycling of construction and demolition waste and of construction material; . The restoration of the land in order to return it as close as possible from its initial state; . The restoration of the road surface where this has been damaged during works; . The restoration of all access and drainage in front of residential buildings along the pipeline route; . In case of temporary use of private land, the full restoration of site and the official handover of the site to its owner, signed by parties.

268 To ensure that this Site Cleaning and Rehabilitation (SCR) operation is successfully implemented, the Contractor will be required to prepare a Site Cleaning and Rehabilitation Plan (SCRP) which provides operational methods for (i) site assessment and (ii) cleaning and rehabilitation in compliance with Contractual obligation and international good practices.

Main Measures 269 The Site Cleaning and Rehabilitation Plan will include the following measures:

270 Cleaning Stage

. All construction materials, equipment, buildings, facilities and residual waste will be removed from all sites, except if a site-specific decision modifies this principle. This decision shall be commonly agreed on by the CC and the PMU. . All waste collected on site will be treated in compliance with the requirements of the Tender Documents ESHS Specifications and the Waste Management Plan prepared by the CC at the start of the construction, depending on the classification of the waste product considered. . Recycling of waste will be maximized.

271 The Plan will be submitted to the PMU and PMC not later than 1 month before the start of decommissioning and will include the methods for carrying out the following activities:

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. Evaluation of quantities regarding each group of materials/waste identified; . Identification of registered companies for the recycling of materials and waste; . Procedures for treatment and disposal of non-recycled material and waste; . Method for stabilization of septic tank sludge; . Schedule for cleaning operations.

272 Rehabilitation Stage. Rehabilitation will be carried out in immediate continuation or even in parallel with the cleaning stage, taking advantage of the presence of the manpower and the equipment. Consultation with concerned stakeholders will be carried out where necessary. The following principles will apply:

. Sites shall be rehabilitated in a way to restore, as much as feasible and reasonably possible, the original use of the land; . All sites must be returned free of any buildings or infrastructures developed for the purpose of Project construction, except if specific request is made; . All spoil disposal areas shall be rehabilitated according to the obligations of the Tender Documentation and the obligations of the Plan on Sediment and Spoil Management; . Rehabilitation option will eventually be selected through consultation between PMC, PMU and any private party if the land is privately owned.

Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures 273 Table 26 summarizes the impacts identified and the corrective measures proposed for the YCWRP during the construction period. For the meaning given to the evaluation of the impact, see Section 5.1: Methodology.

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Table 26. Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures related to Project Construction

Component or Potential risks Description of Potential Impacts Impact Corrective or support measure activity assessment Description of Measure Easiness of of Easiness Implementation after Risk Overall Correction Probability Probability Gravity Risk Overall Land preparation Excessive removal of Cutting of trees constitutes the main impact of the 3 1 1 Monitoring of tree cutting by PMU and maximization of conservation 2 1 trees project. As the pipeline is implemented within the road (two old banyan trees should be preserved through slight diversion of RoW, all trees located along the concerned side need pipeline route to be considered during detailed design). to be cut prior to excavation works. Number of trees to 3 1 1 In order to minimize land area for wood storage, wood cutting shall 2 1 be cut: be organized by phases, coordinated with the progress of the  YCDC road: 237 pipeline construction. Assess possibility to organize temporary  Main road: 1823 storage areas to be preferably organized within the road RoW. Give  Rural road: 824 access to this vegetal waste to the local communities to collect  Or a total of almost 2900 trees fuelwood or construction wood if interested. Large volume of cut biomass will require storage areas Mitigation greening program considering at least 2 trees planted for 1 until processed or evacuated. mature tree cut, or a total of 6,000 trees. Consider plantation of trees Some vegetation to be cut next to the future water as close as possible to affected communities to improve long term intake, but mainly secondary regrowth and scrub. benefits from the trees (support of birdlife, insects and providing Cutting tree is minimized. fuelwood). The Contractor hired by the Forest Department will include tree trunk 2 1 other debris disposal, and options for use including (e.g., construction wood, fuelwood, or transformation into charcoal). See section 6.4.2.2 During detailed design, optimization of the pipeline route to avoid 1 1 critical points (as large banyan trees) and minimize as much as possible. In this spirit, best option is to implement pipeline below the road, avoiding all tree cutting and light structures demolition. Removal of protected None of the identified 52 tree species planted along 1 2 1 Vigilance of the PMU during land preparation activities, to ensure 1 1 tree species pipeline route are endangered or protected. Only teak consultation with communities and religious authorities is organized wood needs authorization from DOF for cutting. But the regarding procedure for cutting banyan trees few identified along corridor are small (DBH<30 cm) and have no commercial value except for fuelwood. Interference with Construction works start while land acquisition is not 1 3 2 Procedure with issuance of a land access certificate by PMU as a 2 1 compensation & completed, raising conflicts with concerned owners. prerequisite for authorizing contractor to access the proposed resettlement worksite. Monitoring by PMC of compensation progress and of issuance 1 1 certificate Workers’ camps Pollution of surface water Wastewater discharged into the environment without 3 2 2 Wastewater receives treatment before being released outside 2 1 and groundwater treatment. premises (septic tanks) and ground infiltration preferred Contractor to monitor the quality of effluents released outside the 2 1 boundaries of the camps Zones of stagnant water Proliferation of water-borne disease vectors (mainly 2 3 2 Create and maintain ditches to ensure efficient drainage and drain all 2 1

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Component or Potential risks Description of Potential Impacts Impact Corrective or support measure activity assessment Description of Measure Easiness of of Easiness Implementation after Risk Overall Correction Probability Probability Gravity Risk Overall dengue fever and malaria) stagnant water zones in camp Regular treatment of living areas with pesticide (if required) 2 1 Health risks Development of diseases among workers because 2 2 2 Systematic awareness sessions for all new arrivals at the camp: 1 1 insufficient hygiene in camps and construction sites meetings, posters in circulation areas, monitored by the camp chief Risk of epidemics in the camps 2 2 2 Prevention by automatic medical check-up at hiring 1 1 Monitoring of hygiene conditions at the camps 2 1 Anti-malarial prophylaxis, including mosquito netting 1 1 Sanitation systems not compliant: design not 2 3 2 Detailed specifications in bidding documents; regular checking of 1 1 appropriate, insufficient number of showers or toilets sanitation system during regular ESHS inspections of sites by PEM (maximum is 15 workers for 1 toilet and 1 shower) and ICSS. Workers’ living conditions The most serious impact would be the contractor not 2 3 3 Include detailed specifications on camp equipment and management 1 1 providing acceptable housing and subsistence for in the tender documents. Enforce contractor obligations on site by workers. regular site inspections (PMU) Non-potable water Impact on public health, risk of epidemic. 1 3 2 For camps of limited size, Contractor must supply bottled water to all 1 1 supplied to workers. and in sufficient quantity Contractor and PMU to regularly monitor coliforms or residual 2 1 chlorine (if not industrial drinking water bottles supplied) Workshops and Water and soil pollution Workshop will be required at water intake site and at 3 2 2 Drains of workshops and garages equipped with oil separators 2 1 garages tunnel access pits. Storm water drainage possibly contaminated by pollutants (mainly oil & grease) Properly store hazardous products (including hydrocarbons) (See 1 1 activity “Use and storage of hazardous products”) PMU to monitor and control used oil is correctly stored in compliant 1 1 storage areas. Excavations in Loss of cultural Concerns mainly pipeline trench excavation along main 1 2 2 Contractor to develop and implement a “Chance to Find” procedure 1 1 urbanized area resources road. aimed at halting work and warning the supervisors and the national Possible physical cultural resource (PCR) discovery authorities concerned for conservation measures to be taken to during excavation work with the total loss of the PCR if preserve the discovery and restart work as quickly as possible. special measures are not taken. Ensure personnel are aware of the procedure. Risk of accident Presence of public and children on site and fall in the 2 3 3 Site fully fenced and secured, information to residents, security at site 2 1 excavation entrance 24/7 Car accident because of construction site on the road 2 3 3 Contractor prepare and implement traffic management plan approved 2 1 and traffic impaired by traffic police. Fences, traffic signs, personnel to organize alternate traffic compliant with good practices Access to residences, shops, business and public 3 2 3 Secured temporary accesses to be provided where necessary, 2 1 buildings impaired particularly for public buildings. Minimize duration of access discomfort

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Component or Potential risks Description of Potential Impacts Impact Corrective or support measure activity assessment Description of Measure Easiness of of Easiness Implementation after Risk Overall Correction Probability Probability Gravity Risk Overall Hazardous waste Water and soil pollution Risks of contamination by hydrocarbons if maintenance 3 2 2 Contractor to prepare a hazardous waste management plan 1 1 management of machinery is not controlled. Limited volumes of used explaining where and how he will manage used oils and other engine oil and used hydraulic oil will be produced on hazardous waste. site and will need appropriate storage to avoid soil and Use storage sites that meet safety standards (with spill retention) 2 1 water pollution Identify existing recycling companies for used oil in coordination with 1 1 YCDC, MONREC and Hlegu Township Contractor to maintain a log of production and evacuation of used oil 1 1 Production of non- Water and soil pollution By domestic waste: Possible impact if the waste is not 3 2 2 Contractor to submit a Solid Waste Management Plan including 1 1 hazardous solid managed in line with best practices in the worker methods and procedures for (i) Awareness training of workers, waste camps and construction sites. (ii) collection and storage of waste on project sites, (iii) segregation of waste and recycling, (iv) eventual collection and disposal of waste, (v) coordination with YCDC and Hlegu Township By construction waste: Limited risk for inert products 2 1 2 Ensure recycling of metals, plastics, wood and cardboards 2 1 which may be associated to the fill for other project components Concrete Production Air Pollution Dust pollution from delivery of raw materials in trucks, 2 2 2 Concrete plants to be located at least 500 m downwind, or as far as (Pipe Fabrication, trailers and tankers; storage of raw materials in practicable, from sensitive receptors to reduce the impact and to be Concrete Batching bunkers and stockpiles; transfer of raw materials by fitted with necessary equipment such as bag house filters to reduce Plants front end loaders, conveyors, hoppers and agitators; fugitive dust emissions. and leakage or spillage of raw materials from silos, Stockpiles must be managed to reduce dust emissions. The location inspection covers and duct work of the stockpile must be downwind of sensitive receptors. The stockpile must be sprayed with water before material is moved. If the stockpile is within 300 m of dwellings additional precautions must be taken including using a reusable stockpile cover and fencing to form a high barrier and prevent wind lifting and dispersing. Plant site management. Water will be sprayed on plant sites and material handling routes where fugitive dust is generated. Transport of materials. Trucks hauling cement, sand or gravel will be covered with tarpaulins or other suitable cover. Construction vehicles and machinery shall be maintained to a high standard to minimize emissions

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Component or Potential risks Description of Potential Impacts Impact Corrective or support measure activity assessment Description of Measure Easiness of of Easiness Implementation after Risk Overall Correction Probability Probability Gravity Risk Overall Sourcing Land and river banks Illegal sand mining, extraction of rock through illegal 2 2 2 Contractor will be required demonstrate that all construction materials 1 1 construction degradation quarry operations and extraction of construction are obtained from legitimate sources. Bidding documents will materials materials from illegal borrow pits may impact river explicitly set out this requirement. The contractor or its suppliers will banks, affect public or private lands and threaten the have to produce all approved licenses, permits and environmental stability of soil in affected areas approvals for all material used for the project construction. Strict monitoring by PMU/PMC during construction. Spoil Disposal Excessive use of Large volumes of spoil disposed on agricultural land or 2 3 2 Contractor submits a spoil disposal management plan non-objected 2 2 productive land to in areas where runoff brings sediment to water bodies by YCDC PMU presenting appropriate areas for disposal. Plan dispose the spoil implemented accordingly Contractor to identify developers in the region looking for spoil for 1 1 land reclamation. Spoil disposal instable Landslide risk and sediment load to water bodies 2 Permanent disposal to be well designed, compacted, drained and 1 1 and subject to erosion protected against rainfall (vegetated) Road Traffic Public safety Risk of traffic accidents because safety measures 2 3 2 Road Traffic and Access Plan to be prepared, non-objected by PMU 2 1 along construction site not sufficient: signs, fences, and traffic police and implemented organization of traffic (alternate, deviation etc.) not Training and monitoring of driver behaviors in relation with Traffic 1 1 implemented. Risk significant considering length of Police; training and monitoring of staff in charge of traffic safety pipeline construction, limited size of main road (2 around construction sites. lanes) and heavy truck traffic already existing. Air pollution and GHG Excessive exhaust gas emissions 3 2 2 Keep engines serviced 2 1 Production of dust 3 2 2 Speed control, regular sprinkling of sensitive urban areas and on 2 1 construction sites, cleaning of truck wheels when exiting muddy sites Transport of pipeline rings may represent 7,000 truck- 3 2 2 Minimize hauling distances for spoil and pipeline rings. Implement 2 1 trips and transport of spoil 20,000 truck-trips. For a 20 ring production within project area and identify suitable areas for spoil km return trip in average this may represent 13.8 kg disposal/reuse. CO2-eq/trip or more than 400 tons CO2-eq during construction stage. Handling of Fire risk Related to the storage of flammable products: fuel, 1 3 2 Provide fire equipment (extinguishers, fine sand) and safety posters 1 1 hazardous products paints, solvents. Potential risk on most sites involving displayed at each site. heavy machinery Set up a safety procedure and awareness/training for the staff 1 1 concerned. Risk of accidents to Skin burning during handling operations, but risks quite 1 3 2 Provide training for personnel plus personal protective equipment 1 1 personnel limited for such type of project (few hazardous products and onsite safety data sheets for the products concerned required) Water pollution Potential risk of accidental spillage: Leak in a storage 2 3 2 Contractor to prepare hazardous products management plan, in 2 1 tank, accidental spillage when handling or refueling particular: Store using containment trays, measures for preventing engines, road accident when transporting and detecting leaks and accidental spills, register/log of hazardous hydrocarbons. products and their use, antipollution equipment.

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Impacts during Operation Stage 274 Physical impact of project during operation stage will be limited. Indeed, most of the project components have been laid underground and will not be visible from the ground level. Visible components include the part of the water intake above reservoir surface, a building for the pumping station, small buildings for access to tunnel in case a maintenance is required and located at the place of former access pits (7), small pressure valve every 500 to 700 m above the pipeline route.

Impacts on Urban Environment and Quality of Life 275 Main impacts during operation will include:

. Benefits for the target serviced population in Yangon, with increased delivery of water better protected against risk of contamination during its transfer. . Visual change for villages along the pipeline route where the trees has been cut. However, even long-term impact, the keeping of the trees alignment on the other side of the road and the replanting of trees close to the places where trees were cut will mitigate the negative visual perception created by the clearing. . Improvement of the right of way quality and appearance where pipeline has been laid, including better accesses to residential and commercial buildings and better drainage of stormwater. . It is suggested YCDC and DMOC consider the possibility to implement an asphalted path over the pipeline for motorbikes, bicycles and pedestrians, improving road safety conditions and delimiting the place of the pipeline in order to limit risks of illegal building construction in the RoW. . No impact from noise is anticipated as the main source of noise is the pumping station, built underground and in a remote area without any residence within a radius of at least 500 m.

Impacts on Water Resources

Source of impacts 276 The results from recent study (Supplementary Appendix 4) indicate the potential for about a reduction of storage within the relevant time horizons of 2040 and 2070. The report presents data of the bathymetric survey showing a loss of capacity due to sedimentation of about 15 to 28 Million m3 over a period of 21 years, being 6.5 to 12% of the storage capacity of Ngamoeyeik. The original dead storage capacity of the reservoir is 15 Mm3, so this could already have been filled up by the sediment deposits. However, viewing the results of the soundings it appears that about 1/3rd of the deposits reach dead storage while the remainders are deposited at the tails of the inflowing rivers. The figures above show that a reduction of reservoir capacity can be expected for 2040 and 2070, unless reservoir dredging will be applied on a regular basis. Specific volumes of sedimentation and reduction of live reservoir storage can be estimated by extrapolation of the figures. A conservative estimate is a loss of live storage of about 15% in 2040 and 25% in 2070. For the two upstream reservoirs, Paunglin and Mahuyar, the same percentages can apply, as their catchment and land use are very similar to the Ngamoeyeik catchment. It is therefore reasonable to assume that after their construction in 2004 they have been trapping sediments at a more or less similar rate as Ngamoeyeik.

277 The Project increases by 205 MLD the present water production from Ngamoeyeik reservoir (614 MLD for water supply). Considering (i) the low management level of irrigation water by MOALI and resulting very low efficiency of the irrigation practice, (ii) the limited storage capacity of Ngamoeyeik and its two satellite reservoirs, (iii) the climate change trends in favor of longer dry

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seasons and temperature rise, there is a risk of a conflict for water use between MOALI and YCDC and a shortage of water before the end of the dry season. To satisfy the objectives of the YCWRP, it will be necessary to strongly reduce present water wastage observed both on water supply and irrigation sides.

278 Water supply network in Yangon is reported to have 60% losses. Improvement of the network is needed to reduce losses. Irrigation water distributed on the Ngamoeyeik scheme is reported to have hardly 50% efficiency. Considering the huge volumes discharged in the MOALI canal (without proper flow measurement), the water savings expected will probably be significant.

279 As discussed earlier in this report, climate change is anticipated to reduce the rainy season length (the phenomenon is already observed) and consequently make the dry season longer. Temperature is also anticipated to raise. With a longer dry season, a more sophisticated management of the reservoir will be required to ensure water storage is still sufficient to ensure 818 MLD discharge until the rainy period starts. Raising temperature will increase crop evapotranspiration and water demand. This aspect will probably be mitigated by other factors as the use of crop varieties with shorter cycles.

Impact on Water Treatment Plant and Pumping Station 280 Currently, Ngamoeyeik supplies 409 MLD to Nyaunghnapin WTP (Phases 1 and 2, 205 MLD each) and 182 MLD directly to Aungtagon pumping station. In parallel with the present water transfer project, YCDC intends to develop by 2021 (although this will likely be delayed) a third Phase to Nyanghnapin of 205 MLD, raising the capacity of the WTP to 614 MLD. With 205 MLD to be transferred to Aungtagon pumping station, 818 MLD have to be transferred to allow the WTP and the PS to run at their nominal capacity.

281 If the target of 2021 is probably optimistic, Nyaunghnapin and Aungtagon are linked to the transfer pipeline and Phase 3 extension as well as the construction of a transfer pipeline from Nyaunghnapin to Aungtagon will be implemented by YCDC to ensure the expected benefits from water supply are achieved. CDIA and ADB are already considering funding these linked facilities.

Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures 282 Following Table 27 summarizes the potential operation impacts of the YCWRP with proposed corrective measures.

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Table 27. Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Project Operation

Impact Potential impact Corrective or support measure assessment

Component or Potential Effect activity Description of Impact Description of measure Easiness of of Easiness implementation after risk Overall correction Probability Probability Gravity Risk Overall Increased transfer of Quality of life Improved water supply quantity transferred to ------water from in Yangon with 205 MLD additional Ngamoeyeik to Treatment capacity of Present capacity of the WTP is not sufficient to 1 2 2 YCDC ensures the extension of Nyaunghnapin WTP is 2 1 Nyaunghnapin and Nyaunghnapin is treat all volume. But extension project is implemented in accordance with anticipated schedule to Yangon City overloaded already considered through separate funding (YCWRP Phase 2) to raise present 409 MLD capacity to 614 MLD (3 units of 205 MLD) Additional water supply No particular risk as only 1% of Yangon 1 2 2 YCDC to ensure development of new WWTP is implemented in 1 1 may overload sewerage population is serviced by sewerage. Sanitation accordance with anticipated schedule system in Yangon system based on collective septic tanks (black water) and open drainages for grey wastewater. Effluent is discharged to the Yangon River. One WWTP operational. 1 JICA WWTP project to start soon. 1 additional WWTP to be funded by ADB. Additional water supply Pollution risk for the receiving river is not 1 1 1 YCDC to ensure that river water quality is maintained. - - may increase pollution anticipated as most of the wastewater from load to river Yangon city is already discharged in the river. Increased of water availability will not increase the existing pollution load. Reduction of storage Study on Ngamoeyeik reservoir simulation 3 3 3 YCDC to investigate options to operate Ngamoeyeik at a level of 3 2 capacity of Ngamoeyeik shows that reservoir sedimentation is already about 5 ft (1.5 m) above present design Full Tank Level. reservoir system happening and is expected to continue without Technical feasibility is required. watershed protection measures. This may YCDC to Investigate feasibility for dredging program (capital and 3 1 result in water shortage for YCDC because maintenance dredging) of the 3 reservoirs of the Ngamoeyeik irrigation has priority: By 2040s, 1-month storage system shortage to be anticipated on dry years, by 2070s, 3.5 months shortage every year. Overexploitation of Results from the study on Ngamoeyeik 2 3 2 YCDC and MOALI/ID to strengthen cooperation for the 2 1 Ngamoeyeik water reservoir simulation in relation with CC, management of the resource and selection of best measures to resources with reservoir domestic water supply and irrigation water secure DWS and irrigation. drying up before the end demand projections, no water shortage is MOALI to investigate possibilities for irrigation scheme 3 1 of the dry season and anticipated for both activities, provided that the rehabilitation to increase irrigation efficiency and to reduce water involving water shortage original storage volume of Ngamoeyeik and its consumption for water supply and two satellite reservoirs remains available. But YCDC to improve efficiency of the water supply network which is 3 1 irrigation during dry this stable situation is already threatened by reported at present with 60% losses season sedimentation

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Impact Potential impact Corrective or support measure assessment

Component or Potential Effect activity Description of Impact Description of measure Probability Probability Gravity Risk Overall of Easiness implementation after risk Overall correction Climate Change Climate Change will Not directly. The main parameter to consider is 2 2 3 YCDC Review and adapt reservoir management to reflect the 2 1 affect water resource of the extension in time of the dry season making most probable extension of the dry season Ngamoeyeik end of dry season even more critical in terms of water availability Climate Change will As temperature is anticipated to raise, crop will 2 2 2 MOALI to investigate possibilities for irrigation scheme 3 1 increase water increase evapotranspiration and thus water rehabilitation to increase irrigation efficiency and to reduce water consumption consumption. But cultivated area in the future consumption: improvement of distribution canals, of water may reduce because of pressure from urban distribution schedule, use fast growing varieties, etc. and industrial development and better efficiency in irrigation may counter balance increased ETP. Water supply demand will also increase 2 2 2 YCDC to improve efficiency of the water supply network which is 3 1 because of temperature and of increased reported to have at present about 60% losses population and extension of service area. With 60% losses at present, this increase may be satisfied by improved management of network Visual Project impose a visual Visual impact is limited to the presence of a 1 1 1 No particular measure required - 1 impact on landscape second water intake in the reservoir and few buildings in remote areas sheltering pumping station and maintenance accesses to tunnels.

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6 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

283 A number of alternatives were considered.

Transfer Scenarios

284 Several options were considered and investigated regarding the water transfer scenario from Ngamoeyeik Reservoir to Nyaunghnapin WTP:

. Option 1: Transfer 409 MLD from Ngamoeyeik Reservoir to Nyaunghnapin WTP only. . Option 2: Transfer 409 MLD from Ngamoeyeik Reservoir to Nyaunghnapin WTP and an additional 409 MLD from Ngamoeyeik Reservoir to Aungtagon Pumping Station. . Option 2A: Transfer 818 MLD from Ngamoeyeik Reservoir to Nyaunghnapin WTP and 409 MLD from Nyaunghnapin WTP bifurcation to Aungtagon Pumping Station. . Option 3: Transfer 409 MLD from Ngamoeyeik Reservoir to Nyaunghnapin WTP, 409 MLD from Ngamoeyeik Reservoir to HR point and 409 MLD from bifurcation to Aungtagon PS. 285 The initially selected scenario comprised the construction of (i)818 MLD gravity pipeline (33.9 km, 2,900 mm diameter) from the YCDC intake to Nyaunghnapin WTP with a capacity of 818 MLD and (ii) a 205 MLD pumping station and pressure main pipeline (8.7 km, 1,400 mm diameter) pumping main from Nyaunghnapin WTP to Aungtagon PS. This scenario was recommended as (i) it met the express needs of YCDC in that it would be completely under their control, (ii) it was largely a gravity solution thereby environmentally sustainable and cost efficient and as a single pipeline, (iii) it has a smaller footprint than dual pipelines thereby minimizing the social costs resulting from land acquisition and compensation. Further technical and topographical studies led to further major adjustments and to the eventually selected scenario including (i) a new 818 MLD water intake in Ngamoeyeik, (ii) a 818 MLD pumping station which allows the reduction of the pipeline diameter to 2.4 m only and (iii) a 2 km gravity tunnel in a complex topographical area.

Pipeline Routes

286 Several routes also have been investigated: (i) along the irrigation canals (Figure 22), (ii) following the road and then the canals (Figure 23); and (iii) along the roads (Figure 24).

287 Detailed multicriteria evaluations emphasized the road route as the preferable route. Several kilometers shorter, this route especially presented the advantages to be accessible all the year along as well as to avoid the risks that crossing hundreds of agricultural lands along the canal or other routes would have represented for the project’s feasibility and delays. The main constraint is that this route (following the road embankments inside the Right of Way but without laying the pipe under the pavement) will impact temporarily local communities along the piping works with light structures demolition and will necessitate to remove the trees on the side of the road where the pipeline is located.

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Table 28. Summary of Comparative Route Assessment

Key: Negative Medium Positive

Canal Mixed Road General Data Length (km) 36.4 35.1 33.6 No. of Highway crossings 2 3 0 No. of Canal crossings 1 3 0 No. of River crossings 2 4 7 No. of Syphons 3 0 0 Estimated tunnel length (km) 1 0 3 Construction & Constraints Pipe length (water intake to WTP) Crossing works (highway, canal, streams) Constraints on road traffic during construction All weather access for construction and O&M Risks of erosion, land instability Social Need for private land acquisition and/or compensation Need for building demolition/reconstruction Need for household physical resettlement Need for infrastructure demolition/construction Environment & Culture Risks regarding on vegetal biodiversity Risks regarding animal biodiversity Risks regarding historical and cultural sites

Overall

289 The most preferable option for the environmental point, which is to implement the pipeline under the road itself (thus avoiding structures demolition and tree cutting) (Table 28). However, if not the selected one, this IEE still considers this option to remain open until the detailed design and it is expected that further discussions between YCDC and MOC will permit its full consideration.

290 Hydraulic Options. A comparison was made between a gravity option and a pumped option. The gravity option, has lower operational costs, but, requires a larger pipeline diameter (2,900 mm) to limit friction and head loss and to also to keep the pipeline below the Energy Grade Line connecting the Ngamoeyeik Reservoir level to the Nyaunghnapin WTP. Topographical surveys (Figure 21) show that to ensure proper head over the high points air valves, a much greater excavation depth and width is necessary. Construction would be more difficult in corridor between the road and private properties.

Figure 21. Long Section of Proposed 818 MLD Optimized Transfer Mode

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Figure 22. Pipeline Route Option 1: Canal Route

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Figure 23. Pipeline Route Option 2: Mixed Road and Canal Route

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Figure 24. Pipeline Route Option 3: Road Route

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291 Variations of the road route were considered, including by-passing some of the villages, but the issue of agricultural land acquisition and access for maintenance ruled these out. In front of this impacting and hardly feasible direction, the optimization developed and validated has been to introduce a pumping station adding just enough head to the 818 MLD design flow so as to lower the diameter from 2,900 mm to 2,400 mm and to reduce the width and the depth of works enough to ensure the feasibility of the construction. The solution remains hydraulically and energetically close to the ideal gravity solution initially considered, thanks to the fact that the pumping station only pumps up to an intermediary high point (hill), from where the 818 MLD raw water flows has enough energy to reach the Nyaunghnapin WTP delivery point by gravity.

Water Intake

292 As far as the intake is concerned, the existing YCDC draw-off tower at Ngamoeyeik Reservoir (built 25 years ago but never used by YCDC) was first considered as an option for the YCWRP. However, it has a capacity limited to 409 – 455 MLD and works for increasing its capacity involved were considered as at risk, its outlet crossing the dam and requiring also widening. The design calculations and as-built documents of the intake could not be traced and collected. Its resilience (to earthquake disaster especially) and its design life being surely lower than the design life and construction codes quality required for this project, it has been decided to build a new intake structure with a capacity equal to 818 MLD. Reusing partly the existing draw-off tower would indeed have endangered the sustainability of the project by associating a new intake provide a part of the design flow with an existing intake of an unknown quality and resilience.

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7 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Consultation and Public Participation Process 293 Information disclosure and stakeholder consultations were conducted as part of the environmental assessment process. The consultations involved in-depth key informant interviews with relevant Government agencies and focus grouped discussions.

294 The consultations aimed on environmental issues and concerns affecting the community. Specifically, the objectives of the consultation meetings are the following:

. To present the proposed projects to the stakeholders; . To solicit views of the stakeholders relative to the proposed project; . To identify the most important project components for the locals; . To identify possible environmental issues inherent on the proposed project and to identify mitigation measures to address these issues in the project design.

295 Preliminary consultations with relevant Government agencies were conducted as part of the IEE of the proposed project. The focus grouped consultations primarily focused on presenting the project components, identifying the most important issue for the locals, receiving inputs and suggestions from the participants regarding environmental concerns arising out of the project, obtain baseline environmental and cultural information for project sites as well as Government clearance requirements and discuss their opinions on the perceived environmental impacts of the project. Suggestions were sought on measures to consider to properly implementing the project and in avoiding any potential adverse impact.

296 The principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, coordination, and engagement into dialogue were incorporated during the preliminary consultations.

Consultation Meetings

Stakeholder Meeting (on 3rd April 2019) 297 Representative from ADB, CDIA and YCWRP safeguard consultants and YCDC staff visited to Yangon Region Environmental Conservation Department and conduct an official introductory meeting with the authority of ECD for the proposed YCWRP project. During this meeting, the environmental safeguard consultant explained about the feasibility stage scope of the proposed pipeline project, duration, land acquisition, potential impacts, project design, potential issue of tree cut for underground pipe installation, and material to be used for the sustainability of the project and then discussed for the ECD perspective on project categorization, application procedure, some comments and suggestion from the ECD officers.

298 The officers actively participated in the discussion by explaining their concerns about the project underground pipe route, land acquisition process, pipe material to be use, and construction materials acquisition sources to be compliance with the ECD laws and regulations and suggest to aware on existing telecommunication and internet cables along the proposed pipe rout, and shared their experiences from the others similar projects.

299 Safeguard consultant explained about the project safeguard measures already considered for the project and how to control, avoid, mitigate and comply the potential impacts in every phase of the of the project until the implementation phases management measures. ECD officer discussed about

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the environmental assessment requirements, related departments to be communicated for the different impact sources, decision making, and application processes based on the proposed project nature and capacity and direct submission to Nay Pyi Taw ECD. After that the Environmental safeguard team discussed with the YCDC officers for the environmental legal requirements and official application process of the project. Then prepared a proposed project proposal with the support of the YCWRP team and submitted to the developer YCDC officers to submit to Environmental Conservation Department of MONREC.

Consultation Meeting (on 28th June 2019) 300 YCWRP team including project design engineers, Environmental and social safeguard consultants and YCDC’s Officers from EDWS (Engineering Department for Water and Sanitation) and related staffs attended the consultation meeting at Hlegu Township GAD (Government Administrative Department) office on 28th Jun 2019. Hlegu Township Supervision Officer and staff, head of villages from potential project affected areas, representative staffs from MOC and Rural Road Department, Forest Department and Irrigation Department also participated in this meeting.

301 YRG YCDC Officer introduced about the feasibility stage of the proposed pipeline project, proposed volume of water to be extracted from the Major water sources Ngamoeyeik reservoir, sources of funding agency for this technical feasibility study and potential source of funding for implementation phase of the project. The officer explained that the proposed project is only in the technical and financial feasibility stage and based on the result of the study, the financial support seeking process for implementation stage will take place through many negotiations and consulting process of the highest-level Government Authorities.

302 YCDC Officer also explained about the existing condition of the Yangon city water supply system and the importance of the proposed pipeline project for the increasing water demand and future urban planning conditions of the Yangon City. Then, YCWRP project design engineer explained about the proposed pipeline route from the Ngamoeyeik Reservoir through YCDC access road to MOC road and rural Ngasutaung road till the Nyaunghnapin water treatment plant. The existing condition and capacity of YCDC intake tower, water sharing condition between the open canals of Irrigation department and YCDC, and the potential benefit of the proposed pipeline project for water safety, efficiency and quality for the Yangon city were also explained.

303 Main information gathered concern:

. MOC representative informed they have plans to widen the existing Hlegu-Phaunggyi road sections to fulfil the demand of increasing numbers of road users. The concern is to avoid potential conflict between MOC road widening area and pipe route by coordination between MOC and YCDC. . Rural Roads representative expressed concerns regarding the secondary road (Ngasutaung to Nyaunghnapin) segment which was recently completed, and which shows unstable shoulders because of erosion. They plan to build retaining walls and drainage on each side of the road section which is parallel with the Yangon - Nay Pyi Daw express way. YCDC officer confirmed that the rural department plan will be implemented first and that a tunnel is anticipated in this road section.

304 The social team discussed about the potential social impacts and resettlement requirements of the project and request to get permission and support from the respective village head for social survey. The social team explained that the survey team will conduct data collection along the proposed pipe route by inventory of potential losses for developing a resettlement plan and would like

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to conduct public consultation meetings at the potential project affected villages. Most of the village heads object that the project is still in a feasibility stage and it is too early to distribute the information about the project especially for compensation related issues for the displacement of the communities light structures However, the village administrative supervisors expressed their willingness to help for the other activities for the proposed project.

305 A representative of the village heads suggested to consider the communities along the pipe route as potential project beneficiary groups by supporting some water for public utilization or irrigation purpose because some villages are located along the irrigation canals, but the water is never available for them. The YCDC officer replied that the pipeline project will be reconsidered it in the project implementation stages of the project.

306 The environmental consultant described the environmental safeguard requirements of the project, the potential impacts anticipated particularly regarding tree cutting and potential nuisances during construction. The consultant requested then the authorization to carry out water, air and noise surveys in the villages. The community head replied that the communities are already aware about the proposed pipeline project by observing the frequent visit of survey teams even not yet officially inform by the government or any organization. They also expressed willingness to help.

307 Concerning the trees to be cut in the proposed pipeline route within the road RoW, the community heads mentioned that the trees are under control of GAD and Forest Department, so the communities will not oppose to it. The process has to be coordinated with the relevant departments.

308 The community major concern is the household access and road traffic difficulties for their daily activities. The consultant replied that the mitigation or avoidance measures will be included in the environmental report and during implementation phase the contractor will create a temporary access or an alternative access for some sensitive areas like schools and household for the convenient of the local communities. The project will be implemented only segment by segment along the proposed route and thus this issue may only be a temporary impact for all communities of about 2 weeks. The environmental management plan will consider all potential environmental and social impacts of the project with the proper mitigation and management measures. According to the GAD staff, the social consultant agrees to submit a meeting minutes for this event to GAD office soon. Finally, the GAD officer and YCDC officer ask again for the community concerns and further suggestion from the participants. With the satisfaction of the participants, the meeting event is officially closed. Participant list is provided in Annex 2.

Public Consultations during December 2019 309 To supplement previous consultation activities, additional public consultation activities were undertaken during December 2019. The consultation meetings and focus group discussions were conducted to: (i) describe the rationale and key elements of the Project; (ii) inform all stakeholders about the potential environmental, social, and economic impacts; (iii) obtain and record the views of the stakeholders on issues and concerns regarding the potential impacts; and (iv) in particular, for potentially affected peoples, obtain their views on the potential loss of land and/or other assets and the environmental impacts, and advise them of proposed mitigation measures. Consultations included:

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310 Main Issues Discussed. The township level public consultation meeting and focus group discussions further clarified the community issues and concerns. The main issues discussed included:

i. the communities desire to benefit from the project by receiving a secure water supply (their first priority; or at least access to water for firefighting (second priority); ii. the desire for compensation for removal of structures in the RoW; iii. the desire for compensation for loss of income in construction period; iv. the desire for people (men and women) from the communities to get jobs during the construction period; v. restrictions on vehicular access to their houses during the construction period; vi. child safety during construction; vii. damage to soil caused by the contractor during construction; viii. restriction on the use of the RoW after the construction period; and ix. the negative impact on residential land prices due restriction on the use of the RoW

311 Legal rights to the RoW for the section of the road between Nga Suu Taung Village and Kyar Inn Village Monastery. Community members explained that the road from Nga Suu Taung Village to Kyar Inn Village Monastery was built by community for transportation more that 20 years ago. There was no identification of the RoW; and no declaration about RoW has been made by the Government. For the road construction, the villagers donated their own lands for the benefit of community development. At the present, the houses and shops beside road are not an encroachment on the ROW, as people are simply occupying their own land. Some of the houses and shops will be completely affected within RoW and people have nowhere to move. Approximately on year 2000, the township level department under Ministry of Construction, upgraded the road with tar. The community’s position is that there is there is no RoW; and if the project goes ahead there is a need to compensate for the structures and also for the land because the land besides the road are owned by villagers.

312 The Environmental Management Plan (see section 9) includes mitigation measures for protection of the environment (including soil and water resources) and community health and safety (including child safety during construction). The Resettlement Plan will address issues of compensation for losses. Consideration will be given to provision of community infrastructure (e.g., access to water).

Future Consultations during Implementation 313 Information dissemination to, consultation with and participation of affected people and involved agencies reduce the potential for conflicts and minimize the risk of project delays. Further information and consultations will be carried out before construction starts (during the first year of the project) and during the construction period.

314 Prior to the start of the construction, consultation will be carried out in all the areas where the proposed project activities area anticipated. The objective will be to provide the local population with accurate information on activities to be undertaken, on the schedule of these activities and on the potential nuisances for them during construction. This information stage, which concerns all the project sites, will be carried out jointly with the team in charge of RP preparation in those areas concerned by compensation and/or resettlement.

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315 During construction stage, consultation will be carried out with local population in specific areas where construction activities are expected to start within 1 month. This will be carried out through focus group discussion with residents and key stakeholders (police station, ward heads) on possible nuisances (noise, dust, traffic/access constraint, temporary suspension of public utility, etc.), on safety measures they will have to respect (regarding engines under activity, risks of fall in excavations, risks specific to children etc.) and on the detailed schedule of activities. This concerns particularly all activities related to pipeline laying in the RoW of the roads. The Contractor will be responsible to organize these consultations under supervision of PMU.

316 At the end of the construction activities in any concerned site, inspection of site will be performed by PMU to ensure cleaning and rehabilitation done by the Contractor is compliant with specifications and will also include interview of concerned residents to appreciate their level of satisfaction or identify any residual non-compliance.

Disclosure 317 The Draft Final IEE is submitted to the ADB for review and approval. Upon finalization, the Final IEE will be disclosed on the ADB’s website before the Board Approval, in compliance with ADB’s Access to Information Policy (2018).

318 The report will be submitted to MONREC-ECD for environmental clearance. The IEE report will be made available for consultation by the public in YCDC premises. The summary of the IEE in Myanmar language will be made available at Hlegu Township City Hall.

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8 GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM

319 A grievance redress mechanism (GRM), consistent with the requirements of the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) will be established to prevent and address community concerns and reduce risks. The GRM is also an integral part of the monitoring and information system. It aims to ensure that feedback is received, that the voices from the poor and marginalized groups are heard, and that the issues raised are resolved effectively and expeditiously. It helps ensure that vulnerable households are treated equitably.

320 The GRM will be accessible to diverse members of the community and stakeholders. Multiple types of media, including face-to-face meetings, written forms, telephone conversations, or e-mail, will be available for raising issues, concerns and grievances. A description of the GRM must be included in project information materials.

321 The GRM will handle any grievance arising from the Project, including impacts from construction activities, business income issues and labor practices. The design of the GRM will be included in the project administration manual (PAM). Grievances must be sorted, categorized, and logged and reported disaggregated by sex and ethnicity. After investigation and agreement on the action plan, remedial activities will be monitored and evaluated. Staff and community members involved in project implementation will be trained in the GRM in order that they in turn are able to provide quality advice to any affected household seeking help. All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication and reporting/information dissemination) will be borne by the executing agency.

Proposed Mechanism 322 The proposed GRM follows the existing approach taken for managing complaints about local issues by members of the public in Myanmar. Residents’ complaints or concerns are generally taken to local government (village and township level) representatives for resolution; therefore, this system is integrated into the GRM.

323 In its capacity as the implementing agency, the YCDC will appoint a staff person responsible for managing the GRM within the PMU early during project implementation. The staff person responsible for the GRM will deal with complaints from affected people and stakeholders throughout implementation of the project. This can include nearby residents, construction workers, and will involve village and township level government. PMU staff (in particular the resettlement specialist) will have roles to play in explaining and helping Aps/Ahs and others to use the GRM.

324 The PMU will be responsible for ensuring the coordination of the GRM at the local level and for appointing the responsible staff member. Day to day activities will include maintaining the grievance register, organizing investigations, acknowledging and communicating results to the affected person, and monitoring the resolution of the issue. The PMU will be the key contact point for local government representatives who may require information about the project or who have an issue they would like to discuss. The PMU will issue public notices and leaflets in Myanmar language. These notices will inform people and organizations within the Project area about the GRM. The relevant contact phone number, fax, address, email address will be disseminated.

325 The PMU will maintain a complaints database that indicates the name and gender of the complainant, the nature of the issue, the date the report was received, when the issue was dealt with and the result. Grievance disputes and resolutions will be reported regularly in project quarterly

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reports. The results will be disaggregated by gender to ensure that both men and women are treated fairly.

Implementation Steps and Timeframe 326 Procedures and timeframes for the grievance redress process are as follows:

327 Stage 1: Access to the GRM. If a concern arises, the affected person may resolve the issue of concern directly with the contractor, or make his/her complaint known to either the PMU GRM contact directly, or through the local village or township government, whichever level of authority he/she is most comfortable with;

328 Stage 2: Official Complaint to PMU. If a complaint is filed at local government level, the government representative will submit an oral or written complaint to the PMU. For an oral complaint the PMU must make a written record. For each complaint, the PMU must assess its eligibility. If the complaint is not eligible, for instance it is determined that the issue is outside the scope of the project, the PMU will provide a clear reply within five working days to the affected person;

329 Stage 3: PMU Complaint Resolution. The PMU GRM contact person will register the complaints and inform the respective village and township government, other members of the PMU, contractor, and other relevant stakeholders. The PMU, depending on the issue will take steps to investigate and resolve the issue. This may involve instructing the contractor to take corrective actions. Within seven days of the redress solution being agreed upon, the contractor should implement the redress solution and convey the outcome to the PMU;

330 Stage 4: Further Action through the Courts. Affected persons, if not satisfied with the GRM results, always have legal recourse to judicial processes as a last resort.

331 Stage 5: Discussions with ADB. ADB’s accountability mechanism allows people affected by ADB-supported projects to submit complaints to ADB. This is a separate resolution mechanism from the GRM described above. The accountability mechanism provides an independent forum that allows people to voice their problems and seek resolution, and report alleged violations of ADB’s operational policies and procedures. Affected households have the right to directly discuss their concerns or problems with the Myanmar Resident Mission in Nay Pyi Daw or ADB South Asia Department for assistance in resolution.

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9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Purpose and Objectives 332 The role of the Environmental Assessment process is to identify the impacts which may be caused by the project and to develop a series of corrective measures which will be technically appropriate, financially acceptable and easily applicable in the context of the project. These measures are identified in Chapter 5 of the present IEE.

333 The role of the EMP is to complement this analysis by defining the operational context in which these measures will be implemented. The present chapter therefore sets out the principles, the approach, the procedures and methods which will be applied to monitor and reduce the environmental and social impacts resulting from the construction works and subsequent operation of the components projected in the YCWRP.

334 To this effect, the EMP includes 3 complementary Action Plans that are adapted to the phases of pre-construction, construction and operation of the Project components:

. The Preliminary Plan of Action (PPA), which includes all the measures required during the early stage of the Project, particularly before the construction works start. These measures essentially concern the organization and training of the teams which will be responsible for environmental and social management during construction and operation of the project, as well as all the complementary studies and investigations identified during preparation of the EIA and deemed to be necessary before starting the construction works. . The Plan of Actions adapted to the Construction period (PAC), which defines the principles of organization and the environmental inspection procedures for the construction sites. This PAC also defines the contractor’s obligations in relation to environmental and social management of the construction sites and camps. . The Plan of Actions adapted to the Operation period (PAO), which defines the environmental quality controls (water, air and noise) applicable during the period of operation of the structures and necessary to evaluate the environmental efficiency and performance of the corrective measures put in place.

335 The present EMP accordingly establishes and describes the context in which all the proposed corrective measures shall be implemented, under the following headings:

. organization to be established to ensure effective implementation of the corrective measures and the associated environmental monitoring; . role and responsibilities of the various parties to be involved in the Project; . principal tasks to be undertaken during the phases of preparation, construction and operation of the project; . complementary studies deemed to be necessary; . financial resources to be mobilized and their origin.

336 All the measures proposed in this EMP are based on the results of the analysis of impacts and corrective measures outlined in previous Section 5 of the present IEE. These aspects will not therefore be repeated here.

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Summary of Key Impacts 337 As detailed in Chapter 5, anticipated key detrimental impacts from the project components are summarized in Table 29.

Table 29. Summary of YCWRP Key Impacts

YCWRP Components Anticipated Key Impact Water Intake No land acquisition (Public Land); Limited risks (pollution) during construction, site area with low sensitivity (cove of almost stagnant water), easy access for construction. No impact during operation. Pumping Station No land acquisition (Public Land); No clearing required; No nuisance for population anticipated. No impact during operation Tunnels No land acquisition; Limited impact at ground level to 7 access pits which will be closed at the end of the construction. Issue of spoil handling and disposal considering the volume (about 38,000 m3). No impact during operation Pipeline to Nyaunghnapin No land acquisition (Road RoW); Mainly risk of nuisances and traffic congestion during construction activities. Significant noise nuisances may be anticipated as construction works will happen within 50 m distance from residences and business. Main impact is the cutting of about 2,900 road trees along the pipeline corridor. No impacts during operation, only benefits from improved access to buildings and drainage. No Cultural Resources affected except cutting of 6 banyan tress and 3 spirit houses to be temporary displaced. Limited sections of electric lines and telephone lines to be displaced along RoW. Ngamoeyeik Reservoir Main risk is insufficient water availability at the end of the dry season. Climate change is not expected to have significant impact on the water resources All components Construction period will be the source of most potential impacts if not appropriately controlled. Main issue concerns risks of nuisance and road safety in the villages crossed by the pipeline route.

338 As observed from this table, all project components are developed on land own by YCDC or public land, so avoiding delicate process for private land acquisition and compensation. Main nuisances are anticipated from the construction activities, particularly those which are located within urbanized areas along the pipeline corridor. Main permanent impact is the need to cut 2,900 road trees presently located within the RoW where pipeline will be built. As a Resettlement Plan (RP) is prepared in parallel with this IEE, where social issues are addressed, this EMP principally focuses on construction activities supervision and monitoring activities during construction period and first few years of operation.

Institutional Arrangements

Overall Organization, Roles and Responsibilities 339 YCDC do not have environmental and social management systems to guide project preparation, project construction, operation, and maintenance of water supply projects. Overall responsibility for implementation of the environmental management plan falls to the Project Management Unit (PMU) for the YCWRP.

340 There are six stakeholders that are involved in the implementation, supervision, and monitoring of the environmental management plan (EMP):

. YCDC Water Resources and Water Supply Authority – Project Management Unit (YCDC- PMU), will have overall responsibility for o ensuring implementation of all EMP mitigation measures; o ensuring implementation of all EMP monitoring plans;

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o ensuring all project activities are carried out in compliance with ADB SPS and national rules and regulations o supervision and monitoring the implementation of the EMP; o establishment and operation of the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM); o recruiting ESHS staff including ESHS Manager (PEM) o training and capacity development of EHS staff of PMU, (through external consultant or the Implementation Consultant-Safeguards Specialist (ICSS); o meeting all the conditions of the Environmental Compliance Certificate (as issued by MONREC); and o submitting Environmental and Social Semi-annual Monitoring Reports (ESSMR) to the MONREC and to ADB. . The Construction Contractor (CC) through his ESHS Engineer (CC-ESHSE) will be responsible for o The preparation of the construction Environmental, Social, Health and Safety Management Plan (CC-ESHSMP) as soon as the contract is notified, o implementation of the pre-construction and construction environmental mitigation measures required by the ESHS specifications in the bidding documents, o implementation of any corrective measures with guidance of PMC under the PMU supervision, and o regular monitoring and reporting of CC-ESHSMP implementation . The Project Management Consultant (PMC) through its Safeguards Specialist (ICSS) will be responsible for o supervision and monitoring of and reporting the Contractor implementation of the ESHSMP on behalf of the YCDC-PMU; o supervision of third-party environmental monitoring consultants; o provide appropriate action/plan to PMU to correct any non-compliance issue; o assist PMU in preparing of the environmental safeguard monitoring reports; and o assist PMU in organization of training and capacity development. o Provides support to its ICSS resident (national) through its Safeguards Expert (ICSE) performing (i) training of ICSS, (ii) regular ESHS auditing of construction sites and (iii) preparation of semi-annual ESSMR. . Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) Environmental Conservation department (ECD) is responsible for: o review of the periodic environmental safeguard monitoring reports submitted by YCDC/PMU to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are mitigated as planned; o as necessary, conduct monitoring and inspection of projects to determine compliance with all environmental and social requirements; o as necessary, impose penalties and /or require Project Proponent to undertake corrective action; and

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o where projects are not in compliance or not likely to comply with its environmental and social requirements, take appropriate enforcement actions including: (i) suspension of project operation; and (ii) employing third parties to correct non-compliance. . Asian Development Bank (ADB) is responsible for: o conducting periodic site visits for projects with potentially adverse environmental impacts; o conducting supervision missions for detailed review for projects with significant adverse environmental impacts; and o reviewing the periodic environmental safeguard monitoring reports submitted to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are mitigated as planned. . The Independent Environmental Monitoring Contractor (EMC) is responsible for conducting air quality, water quality, noise, and any biological environmental monitoring plans in compliance with EMP on behalf of the PMU. 341 Overall organization is depicted in Following 25.

Figure 25. Proposed Institutional Arrangement for YCWRP EMP

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Environmental Staffing Requirements 342 Environmental staff are needed by the (i) Construction Contractor, (ii) Construction Supervision Consultant, and (iii) the YCDC-PMU (Table 30). It is YCDC’s responsibility to ensure that qualified and trained staff are hired by all three stakeholders.

Table 30. Indicative Staffing

Staff Position Level of Effort

YCDC-PMU 1 ESHS manager (ESM) Full time during Project 3 ESHS assistants (ESA) Full time during construction  1 for water intake, tunnel 1,  1 for pumping station and YCDC road,  1 for main road, tunnel 2 and rural road

PMC 1 PMC Safeguards Expert (ICSS) (International) 12 months over three years (1) 1 PMC Safeguards Specialist (National) 6 months per year for three years 2 Environmental and Safety Assistants (National) 6 months per year for three years Construction Contractor 1 Environment, Health and Safety Engineer (ESHSE) Full time (International) Minimum 3 ESHS Inspectors (National) Full time during construction (1) PMC International Safeguards specialist: Half-time first year of construction and 3 months/year during years 2 and 3

343 On the basis of 3 years construction period, the time required for the PMC is 12 months for the International Expert, 18 months for the national safeguard specialist and 18 months for each of the two ESHS Assistants.

Required Reporting Requirements 344 Monitoring of the environmental management plan will have weekly reporting by the Contractor and monthly reporting by the ICSS. The ICSS will draft (in collaboration with the social safeguards specialist of supervision Engineer) the Environmental and Social Semi-annual Monitoring Report ESSMR) (Table 31). The PEM will finalize the ESSMR and YCDC will submit the reports to ECD and ADB, in compliance with ADB SSP requirements. A template for ESSMR content is provided in Annex 3 (Source: ADB).

Table 31. Reporting Requirements

Responsibility Reporting Requirement Reporting to

Contractor CC-ESHS Management Plan at Contract notification PMU-PEM/ICSS Weekly Inspections and Monitoring Reports ICSS Minutes of EHS weekly meetings ICSS ICSS Monthly Inspections and Monitoring Reports PMU Draft ESSMR YCDC PMU Final ESSMR YCDC ESSMR Review, approval and Formal submission

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Action Plan Prior to Construction Works (PPA) 345 It is required that the ESHS means are available and fully operational from the time the works start. To this effect, a certain number of activities are to be undertaken before the start of construction works. These actions cover mainly the aspects of recruitment, organization and training for PMU and constitute the Preliminary Plans of Action (PPA).

346 Following PPA-01 to 03 are proposed to strengthen the capacity of PMU to handle full control of environmental, health and safety issues related to project implementation.

PPA-01: Appointment of the PMU-ESHS Manager (PEM) 347 The PMU will appoint its ESHS Manager (PEM) at least 3 months before construction works start. The PEM will have preferably an experience in ESHS management of construction sites. If the profile is difficult to find, PMU will appoint an engineer preferably from YCDC, with already construction and site safety experience. The PEM will be assisted at the beginning of his mandate by the ICSS who will deliver ESHS training to the PEM and assist him (i) for the preparation of tenders regarding environmental monitoring contractor selection, (ii) for the selection of monitoring Contractor, (iii) for the follow-up of the monitoring activities.

PPA-02: ESHS Capacity Building of PMU 348 The ICSS will carry out the training of the PEM at the early stage of its recruitment. Purpose is to have the PES fully operational at the start of the project construction activities. Training will be carried out in YCDC office. Other PMU staff to be involved in construction site activities will also be invited to receive induction training on ESHS aspects applicable to the project construction. Training of PEM will cover:

. Detailed review of impact analysis and mitigation presented in the YCWRP IEE; . Detailed review of EMP Plans of Action; . Organization of YCDC-PMU for EMP implementation; . Basics for site inspection practices: organization of visits, frequency, control checklists; . Basics for non-compliance procedures: reporting procedure and forms, organization of follow-up, procedure for NC resolution approval; . Data management for PEM: key information to be stored, data base organization, registers; . Structure and content of weekly, monthly and semi-annual monitoring report.

PPA-03: Capacity Building on Health and Safety 349 When observing construction sites in Myanmar the conclusion comes easily that health and safety considerations are still strongly ignored. Project construction sites must be compliant with international good practices regarding occupational health and safety (OHS) of workers on sites. This project should be considered as a pilot project for introducing good EHS practices in YCDC as well as for the concerned contractor and Hlegu Township departments.

350 The ICSS shall organize training courses on OHS for PMU staff. The aim is to provide the basics of safety rules and organization of constructions sites and for the PMU staff, to clearly understand what must be required from the contractor on the sites. Similarly, and as described under the following Action Plan during construction, the Contractor will be contractually requested to organize awareness training on health and safety for all their staff.

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PPA-04: Preparation of Communication Instruments 351 In support and follow up to the public consultations carried out within this IEE, it is important to prepare the appropriate communication material rapidly, allowing PMU to present, before starting the site works, clear information on the design of the project, on the phasing of construction works, on the recruitment procedures for local labor and on the environmental and social measures which will be implemented.

352 Preparation of proactive communication is essential to ensure the widest possible circulation of information at the most critical time, since it is during this period prior to the start of works, when important decisions and negotiations are in progress, that information on the Project must be available and transparent. The communication tools to be developed include:

. Colored flyers and posters to be posted all along the various Project sites; . Articles in the press and radio or/and TV messages; . The technical EIA documentation available for consultation by any person, at YCDC and at Hlegu Township building.

353 These documents will be prepared under the PEM authority with the assistance of YCDC Communication Department and of the ICSS.

PPA-05: Preparation of Contractor ESHS Specifications 354 Effective consideration of ESHS during construction activities pre-supposes the production of clear, complete and detailed contractual documentation at the time the construction contracts are awarded. This means that detailed ESHS specifications, defining all ESHS obligations to be imposed to the contractor by PMU, must be included in the Tender Documents. These requirements dictated by the Project Owner will be presented in a document entitled “Environmental and Social Obligations of the Contractor”, which will be prepared together with the Technical Specifications (General and Particular Conditions) of the Project. The ICSS will assist PMU for the preparation of these specifications if not already prepared.

355 The document will detail ESHS obligations of the contractor and the principles and measures required for complying with. These ESHS specifications shall address:

. general specifications for good environmental management, which will be applicable by the contractor in any point within the work sites and at all times, addressing training/awareness of employees on protection of the environment and safety, management of hazardous substances and waste, protection of biodiversity, prevention of water and air pollution, preservation of soils, rehabilitation of sites, respect of labor laws and good practices; . minimum conditions to be established in the contractor’ camps and installations, covering aspects related to housing, catering, waste management, drinking water, sewerage and conditions of public hygiene; . minimum conditions to be observed by the contractor in the field of employees’ health and safety; . minimum conditions to be observed by the contractor with a view to protecting the environment of the sites as well as that of the contiguous areas, most densely urbanized; . minimum conditions to be observed by the contractor in managing the social aspects of construction activity including respect of social good practices in managing human

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resources, preservation of staff and community’s good health, procedures for temporary land occupation or compensation in case of damage to private property. 356 A specific monitoring plan will be set up to ensure that the contractor fulfil their ESHS obligations, detailed in the following section relating to the Construction Phase. In practice, the selected contractor will be asked to draw up a number of specific ESHS operational plans and to submit it to PMU for non-objection within a specified period of time after the contract is notified.

PPA-06: Preparation of Contractor ESHS Management Plan 357 Contractor ESHS Management Plan. Before the construction starts the contractor will prepare a Contractor ESHS Management Plan (ESHSMP) consistent with the EMP and with the ESHS specifications in the bidding documentation. The ESHSMP is to include all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements to be carried out by the contractor. The ESHSMP will be submitted to the PMU for review and non-objection as soon as contract is notified and not later than 30 days before starting any work on any site.

358 These Contractor ESHS Management Plan must describe how the contractor (and their sub- contractors) will organize themselves and which technical measures they will implement to meet their environmental and social obligations. The plan should contain sub-plans for the following:

i. Solid waste management plan, ii. Hazardous substances management plan, iii. Emergency preparedness and response plan, iv. Erosion control and sediment control management plan, v. Worker camps management plan, vi. Public health management plan vii. Occupational health and safety plan viii. Recruitment and labor management, ix. Air quality and dust management plan x. Noise management plan, xi. Concrete plant management plan; xii. Prior approval construction material sources; xiii. Spoil disposal management plan; xiv. Road traffic and access management plan, xv. Transport of materials and equipment plan xvi. Protection of cultural resources plan, xvii. ESHS training plan, xviii. ESHS supervision plan, xix. Site cleaning and rehabilitation plan; and xx. Consultation plan

359 Each Plan obligation is detailed in the following section and will also be reflected in the detailed ESHS specifications of the bidding documentation.

Action Plan during Construction (PAC) 360 This action plan provided below is sufficiently detailed to provide the baseline information for further preparation of the Contractor ESHS Specifications to be included later into the Project Tender documentation.

361 The following Plan of Action will be implemented during the construction phase:

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PAC-01: Solid Waste Management 362 A waste management plan will be prepared by the contractor and their sub-contractors. The plan will include two waste management plans which will be prepared and implemented by the contractor following the common directives fixed by YCDC. The first relates to domestic waste (mainly generated in worker camps) and other non-hazardous waste generated on the construction sites, while the second is related to hazardous wastes. The objectives of the plan are:

. to minimize the generation of wastes by carefully considered use of raw materials; . to sort and treat the wastes in order to limit their environmental impact; . to raise awareness and train personnel in good waste management practices. . These plans will include procedures, in accordance with local regulations or with international best practice, concerning the handling, transport, storage, treatment and elimination of wastes depending on their category: . Non-hazardous wastes (Group A): putrescible wastes from the camps and canteens, paper, cardboard, plastics, wood and vegetation, inert wastes from construction or demolition (concrete, scrap iron, bricks, etc.); . Hazardous wastes (Group B): wastes that are corrosive, explosive, toxic, representing a degree of danger for humans or for the ecosystem. In the context of the present project components considered, this will mainly include engine oils and used hydraulic fluids, the residues of paints, solvents and resins, first aid medical wastes, sludge from septic tanks and mobile toilets, various concrete additives (but with a lesser degree of danger for the latter).

363 Non-hazardous Waste Management

. A system of waste segregation at source, ensuring separation of metal products (including drink cans or food cans), plastic products (bottles, cartons, wrapping, etc.), glass bottles, paper and cardboard, will be set up on the construction sites and in the camps. All these products will, as far as possible, be made available for collection by external recycling companies. . The workers’ camp will be provided with two types of covered bins for selective collection of the various products listed above: putrescible in one, for recycling in the other. The contractor will carry out systematic awareness campaigns among residents of the camps to promote efficient use of these refuse bins. . On the construction sites, metal wastes that have not been polluted by hazardous substances (oils, acids, paints, etc.) will be collected in containers for recycling. The same applies to wood and cardboard and plastic packaging. It will be absolutely forbidden to burn plastic or lubricants. . Concrete and plaster debris that is not reused will be collected and dumped with other materials which may be usable for land filling or reclamation. . The Contractor will prepare a detailed Action Plan indicating the anticipated volumes of non-hazardous waste to be produced in each site under its responsibility, the procedures for management, collection and disposal, the technical means implemented, the location and dimensions of the controlled landfill, the contact details of the companies involved in waste recycling, as well as the training programs to raise awareness among workers on this subject.

364 Hazardous Waste Management

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. In case maintenance of heavy equipment is carried out on worksite, used engine oils from maintenance activities or floating oily residue from oil separators will be collected in 200 liters drums with a view to recycling. The drums will be stored in a dry and covered area, (i) surrounded by a bund the height of which will ensure a retention capacity equal to at least 110% of that of the largest container stored in the area, and (ii) equipped with an oil separation system at its outlet. The contractor will identify an acceptable solution where the waste can be disposed or recycled. A register will be maintained to record all handling of used oils, for the purpose of monitoring wastes. Machinery and vehicles maintenance operations will be carried out only in a dedicated area protected against soil and water pollution with collection system for used oils and hydraulic liquids. . Should the use of chemical substances happens on sites, the following rules shall be followed: (i) give preference to substances with low toxicity values and minimize quantities to use, (ii) used chemical substances will be stored in containers or drums in the same storage areas as used oils, as long as these substances are compatible; (iii) otherwise, they will be stored in a safe area protected from rainfall.

PAC-02: Hazardous Substances Management 365 A plan for the management of chemical substances will be prepared by the Contractor, detailing the measures planned for minimizing pollution and safety risks. The plan will be applicable to all project activities involving the handling, storage and use of substances catalogued as hazardous. The information set out in this plan will cover the following aspects:

. procedure for registering and monitoring any substance of a hazardous nature including in particular the drafting of a safety data sheet per substance; . procedure for identification of alternative and less hazardous substances; . handling and storage conditions, including details on compatibility of the substances; . emergency procedures in case of a spill; . condition for final treatment of residues or recycling.

366 Chemical substances will be stored in a locked container located on a watertight floor surrounded by a bund, capable of storing at least 110% of the volume of the largest receptacle placed there. Each storage site will be provided with a substance collection pit, absorbent products and extinguishers. Standard signs will warn of the presence of toxic substances.

367 The substances’ Safety Data Sheets will be available on the storage site and from the ESHS Officer of the contractor concerned. All chemical substances stores will be regularly inspected in order to detect any possible leakage or damage to the containers.

368 The largest volume of chemical substances anticipated under a project of this type may concern hydrocarbons (diesel, oil and grease) and paints. The plan will lay down the conditions to be respected for storage and refueling of machinery. The plan will specify the pollution control equipment to be installed by the contractor at the storage sites: anti-pollution kits, extinguishers, substance description sheets, etc.

369 Storage of hazardous products or waste will not be allowed within a distance of 100 m from any surface water body (Ngamoeyeik reservoir and creek).

370 At each site, the employees in charge of handling chemical substances will be given special training relative to best practice and emergency measures in case of an incident (see PAC-03 below).

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PAC-03: Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan 371 This Plan shall cover emergency situations related to (i) disaster (fire, explosion, flood), (ii) physical serious accident (car accident, occupational accident), (iii) accidental spill of hazardous products. The following aspects shall be addressed:

. Organization set-up to answer emergency: roles and responsibilities, contacts . Emergency procedure flowchart is established and posted in appropriate places on every worksite; . Induction training performed for all workers on the subject; . Safety signs posted in appropriate places in all sites: assembly point, . Firefighting equipment to be installed on worksites and near critical points (fuel storage for example), respiratory masks, . Antipollution equipment (pollution fighting kits, fine sand); . Specific training will be given for the activities to be performed in case of emergency intervention, for all staff and workers involved in any stage of the procedure.

PAC-04: Erosion and Sediment Control 372 Erosion control measures will be applied to all land that is stripped or excavated, all embankments and temporary or permanent deposits of materials in order to minimize and control the resulting sediment loads before they reach surface water bodies. This protection will involve, on one hand, the implementation of methods for stabilizing slopes where justified and, on the other, collection of surface water runoff. This Plan mainly concerns the worksite for the new water intake at Ngamoeyeik as well as tunnel access pits and the pipeline route where significant volumes of excavated materials will need to be temporarily stored.

373 Temporary spoil disposal will not be authorized within a minimum distance of 50 m from any surface water body and without a peripheral drainage leading to sedimentation pond.

374 Erosion control will include methods that are incorporated into construction practices, as the provision of temporary protection of a mechanical nature (geotextile covering sheets, sediment barriers).

375 Drainage of the entire area of any construction operations will be provided prior to the start of any other activity. Drained water will be channeled towards one or several sedimentation basins designed following accepted best practice and sized to contain the rainwater falling in 24 hours with a return period of two years.

376 The contractor will present a Drainage and Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan setting out the applicable principles and practices adopted for the Project sites concerned. For each site to be opened for construction activities, a detailed plan of the drainage system and the proposed anti- erosion measures will be prepared and submitted to the ICSS for non-objection at least two weeks before starting works on the site. The drainage channel and sedimentation basins will be built as a priority before any other activity is carried out.

PAC-05: Management of Worker Camps 377 The following obligation will apply for any site sheltering workers on a 24 hrs. basis, including both permanent camps only dedicated for the residence of the workers and the temporary camps implemented on the construction sites where few workers may stay permanently (also to guard equipment and material at night).

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378 A Permanent and Temporary Camps Management Plan will be prepared by each concerned contractor. The various aspects covered by the Plan will include:

379 The specifications of the Tender Documents will lay down the requirements regarding water supply and sewerage. In order to eliminate the risks of development of disease vectors, stormwater drainage will be provided. The ratios to be respected in terms of sanitation (number of toilets, showers and washbasins) will also be defined. The standards applicable to bedrooms and their furnishing and fittings will also be detailed in the Tender Documents. In particular, the minimum floor space per person, the supply of impregnated mosquito nets and mattresses will be stipulated.

380 The procedures to ensure hygiene in all common facilities and in particular food hygiene procedures for storing and monitoring fresh products used by the canteens will be detailed by the contractor responsible.

381 In order to prevent possible abuse of drugs and alcohol, measures to raise the awareness of employees and specific control measures will be set up by the contractor.

382 In case women are accommodated in the camp, they will be accommodated in a dedicated dormitory with toilets and showers not accessible to men. The Contractor will include in the code of conduct to be developed a section covering the policy against sexual harassment. It will be displayed in key places in the camp (canteen, dormitories, etc.) and included in the induction training carried out for all workers.

PAC-06: Public Health Management Plan 383 The plan requirements will be described in detail in the Tender Documents and will cover the following main areas of action:

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. regular cleaning of the sanitary facilities, in particular toilets and septic tanks (emptying to avoid overflow); . waste management and regular cleaning of refuse bins; . systematic program to keep employees aware of good hygienic practices; . monitoring hygiene in canteens; . program to make employees aware of STDs and HIV/Aids and supply of prophylactics; . guarantee to supply all workers on any worksite with potable water 24/7.

PAC-07: Occupational Health and Safety Plan 384 The Contractor shall prepare an OHS Plan which identifies and specifies:

. Occupational health and safety risks in relation to construction activities; . Prevention and protection measures to control OHS risks; . Dedicated resources: staff and facilities; . List of works requiring Permits to Work (PTW) and procedure to manage safety for high risks activities through the implementation of prevention and protection measures prior to the starting of work. Concerned high risks activities include works at height, hot works, live working on electricity, etc. . Medical emergency procedures including identification of, and agreement (signed) with a referral hospital (same as in previous PAC-06); each vehicle is equipped with first aid kit; . Monitoring program for health and safety including selected indicators and methodology for follow-up. . Organization of OHS meetings: once per month which will be attended by PMU, once per week per worksite to identify risks related to new construction activities and to brief staff on applicable safety procedures. . Procedure to ensure that all personnel, visitors or third parties entering a worksite are equipped with PPE pursuant to the good practices: Clothing which covers arms and legs, Reflective jacket, Safety goggles, Protective footwear (safety shoes or boots), Safety helmets, Ear and respiratory protection (when appropriate), Leather gloves (when appropriate), Fall-arrest devices when working at locations from which a free-fall hazard greater than 2 meters exists, Flotation work vests when working over water or in other locations where a fall into the water is possible (as for the Ngamoeyeik water intake worksite), . First aid facilities established on the construction or camp sites including (i) one first aid officer on each construction site, (ii) first aid box fully equipped on each site and in sufficient numbers to ensure access within 5 minutes; key personnel shall be trained as first aider and each vehicle is equipped with first aid box.; . Emergency and evacuation procedure in case of serious injury, to local hospitals; the procedure shall detail measures and means for patient emergency stabilization, transfer to referral medical center and follow-up during treatment. . All employed personnel in case of accident or illness occurring during the execution of the works, is guaranteed access to health care including medical check-ups, screening, vaccinations and preventive healthcare as malaria for example, general healthcare during the execution of the works including medical consultation and free medicines prescribed by the medical doctor, medical assistance in the event of an accident and assistance for emergency evacuations.

PAC-08: Recruitment and Labor Management 385 The Contractor shall prepare a Recruitment and Labor Management Plan which establishes (i) the rules of recruitment to avoid discrimination and (ii) rules of labor management to be applied during

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the construction period by the Contractor. The YCWRP benefiting international funding, international good practices and guidelines will apply for the management of human resources. The Plan will address and detail the following aspects:

. Recruitment procedure will detail how skilled and unskilled labor will be recruited. Skilled labor will be recruited on individual basis by the Contractor. Unskilled labor recruitment will give preference to local population of the project area. The ratio of unskilled local workers to total unskilled staff will not be less than 70% unless local manpower offer is too limited. Unskilled labor will include at least 30% women, recruited on the same wage basis as men for an equivalent activity. . Work Contract procedure will detail contract conditions regarding working hours, days worked, days off, overtime, medical and insurance coverage, applicable wages and allowances. The Contract template prepared by the Contractor will comply with applicable Labor Law and regulations and be non-objected by the Ministry of Labor and PMU prior to being used. . The use of daily labor will be strongly discouraged as this form of works generally escapes all good practices obligations: recruitment medical check-up, medical and accident insurance coverage, payment of overtime, awareness ESHS training, etc. Minimum contract duration shall be 2 weeks and these short-time contracts will also be subject to recruitment medical check-up and insurance registration.

PAC-09: Management of Air Quality and Dust

386 The Contractor will put in place a plan to limit atmospheric and noise emissions in all areas likely to be affected by construction of the Project, particularly in all residential areas along the pipeline route. The Contractor will prepare an Air Quality, Dust Management Plan detailing the measures he intends to implement.

387 Emissions of exhaust gases and fumes will be limited by appropriate maintenance of equipment and trucks, and by banning the burning of waste on the sites.

388 Dust caused by vehicles on unpaved surfaces will be subject to reduction measures in residential areas, by requiring the contractor to water spray the ground at regular intervals, i.e. at least two to four times per day during periods without daily rainfall. All loads of fine materials potentially causing dust to be spread during transport will be covered by a tarpaulin. In storage areas, watering will be required for all materials likely to generate dust. Wheels of trucks will be washed every time before leaving sites, to avoid deposition of sludge on public road and later production of dust.

389 The Tender Documents will define the thresholds to be respected by the contractor in terms of gas emissions and dust, based on Myanmar EQEG.

390 The PMU through an Environmental Monitoring Contractor will conduct air quality monitoring.

PAC-10: Noise and Vibration Management 391 The Contractor will put in place a plan to limit noise and vibration in all areas likely to be affected by construction of the Project, particularly in all residential areas along the pipeline route. The Contractor will prepare a Noise and Vibration Management Plan based on the following requirements:

i. Source control: Maintain all exhaust systems in good working order; undertake regular

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equipment maintenance; ii. Locate sites for concrete-mixing and similar activities at least 200 m away from sensitive areas; iii. Ensure that no vibration sensitive structures or sensitive receptors are with the area of impact (i.e., 30 m or either side of the ROW; iv. Operate between 8am-6pm only and reach an agreement with nearby residents regarding the timing of heavy machinery work, to avoid any unnecessary disturbances; v. Provide advance warning to the community, including residents, school, temple and hospital on timing of activities. Seek suggestions from community members to reduce noise and vibration annoyance; vi. Public notification of construction operations will incorporate noise and vibration considerations; information procedure of handling complaints through the Grievance Redress Mechanism will be disseminated; vii. Ensure noise monitoring is undertaken near sensitive receptors, particularly dwellings, temples, schools and hospital; viii. All construction workers to use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for high noise or lengthy exposure 392 Noise monitoring is to be undertaken by the PMU environmental staff and monitoring contractors.

PAC-11: Concrete Plant Management 393 The location of the concrete pipe fabrication plant and the concrete batching plant will be determined by the Contractor prior to construction. However, these batching plants must be located in an area where they will not pose a hazard to the environment or local communities. Highly alkaline wastewater, dust emissions and noise are the key potential impacts associated with concrete batching plants.

394 The contractor is to prepare a site-specific environmental assessment for the Concrete Pipe Fabrication Plant and any Concrete Batching Plants to ensure that the plants will not pose a hazard to the environment or local communities.

395 The Contractor is to prepare a Concrete Plant Management Plan that will include necessary site-specific environmental management measures for the Concrete Pipe Fabrication Plant and Concrete Batching Plants. The plan must be approved by the Project Management Consultant and the Project Management Unit, prior to start of operations.

396 This plan will contain mitigation measures to address the following potential impacts:

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contaminated storm-water runoff; dust control sprinklers, agitator washout stations, and cleaning and washing.  Waste Concrete. The main solid waste generated by concrete plants is waste concrete. Concrete waste management is to include (i) waste minimization in the production process; reuse of waste concrete for construction purposes at the plant; and (ii) collecting the waste concrete in a fully enclosed pit where it can be dried. It should then be reused, or taken to a recycling facility or licensed landfill site for disposal.

PAC -12 Prior Approval of Sources of Construction Materials 397 To avoid promoting or supporting illegal sand mining, extraction of rock through illegal quarry operations, and extraction of construction materials from illegal borrow pits, the contractor will be required demonstrate that all construction materials are obtained from legitimate sources. Bidding documents will explicitly set out this requirement.

398 More particularly, the Contractor shall use legitimate sources for aggregates, sand, and other construction materials. Legitimate sources are sources that have all legally approved licenses, permits and environmental approvals in accordance with the government requirements, and are free from any kind of disputes, If the materials will be sourced from the commercial suppliers, the requirements for the suppliers are the same as above. In addition to this, if the suppliers are sourcing the materials from illegal or disputed sources, the projects should not purchase the materials from such suppliers.

399 The contractor is to seek and receive prior approval for all sources of construction materials from the Project Management Consultant and the Project Management Unit.

PAC-13: Spoil Disposal Management Plan 400 The Plan shall detail the disposal plan, to phase site preparation to minimize any unused disturbed surface area. Before starting operation on the disposal area, a site drainage system shall be put in place.

. The plan shall investigate and give preference for any possibility to re-use the spoil material for land development and reclamation in the close region; in any case, minimization of transport will be considered; . To increase stability and resistance to stormwater erosion, materials deposition sites must not be more than 6 meters high and must not have a slope greater than 1.5:1. The slope must be intercepted at a height of 3 meters by a berm at least 2 meters wide which must include a drainage ditch. . For permanent spoil deposition zones, the following conditions shall apply: Maximum slope 1.5:1; berm 2 meters wide every 3 meters of height carrying a peripheral drainage ditch; the spoil shall be regularly shaped and compacted to ensure its long-term stability. The slopes of any permanent spoil disposal shall be vegetated in parallel with the progress of the disposal; . All topsoil from temporary or permanent (first 20 cm of soil) worksite shall be removed and disposed separately from other excavation spoil Topsoil shall be stored in dedicated areas, separated from other spoil disposal areas and shall be clearly indicated on site by appropriate signs. Topsoil will be used at the end of the construction to rehabilitate worksites.

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PAC-14: Management of Road Traffic and Site Access 401 Road traffic is a prime cause of accidents during the construction phase of infrastructure projects. It is therefore essential to regulate traffic both on site and outside. This is particularly important for the present project as (i) the pipeline component is located along roads crossing several urban areas, (ii) pipeline laying activities will limit traffic to one lane involving congestion and risk of road accident and (iii) the project will involve the transport of significant quantities of equipment materials (particularly spoil) which may generate increased truck traffic. Various measures will be considered and adopted by the contractor:

. Awareness raising and training of drivers of trucks on elementary traffic safety rules and on the legal risks: driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, excess speed, monitoring of tires and breaks condition, load stability, etc.; . visual acuity of all recruited drivers and their ability to drive; . provision for parking trucks not encroaching on the roadway; . respect of speed limitations; . Access or approach to construction sites will be indicated by appropriate road signals.

402 The Contractor will be requested to prepare a Road Traffic and Site Access Plan any of its construction activities along roads where traffic may be constrained. The plan for alternate traffic conditions or deviation will be validated by local traffic police and by PMU prior to start works on the concerned site.

403 The Contractor will be also requested to consult with local population concerned by the construction activities to validate access plan to residences and businesses. PMU will participate to these consultations and will validate the plan prior to start works.

404 The Tender Documents will set out all these obligations as well as the penalties that will be applied to the contractor and their sub-contractors in case of infringement.

PAC-15: Transport of Materials Management. 405 The project activities will require the transport large amount of concrete pipe, construction material, construction equipment and spoil material. The contractor will undertake a site and route specific assessment of the risks associated with of the transport of concrete pipe, construction materials, and spoil materials.

406 The contractor will prepare a Transport of Material Management Plan, which must be approved by the Project Management Consultant and the Project Management.

407 The plan will include mitigation measures to address the following impacts:

 Air Quality and Dust  Traffic Safety  Noise and Vibration

408 The plan is to be developed in coordination with other plans for air quality management, noise and vibration control, concrete plant management, spoil management, and traffic management and site access.

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PAC-16: Protection of Cultural Resources 409 The Contractor will prepare and Protection of Cultural Resources Plan. The plan prescribes the chance-find procedure in case a discovery is made, or an interaction is observed during the works. This procedure will include aspects such as:

410 At the start of works, the Contractor will organize consultation with the local religious authorities to clarify the procedure for temporary removal. The PMC engineering and environmental staff will attend these consultations.

PAC-17 ESHS Training Plan 411 The objective of this plan is to ensure effective implementation of the measures proposed under the EMP on the construction sites. This Plan will define the general training programs (awareness training) for the attention of all personnel and the specialized training programs intended for the employees involved in particularly sensitive activities from the environmental standpoint (management and distribution of hydrocarbons, hazardous waste management, etc.). Each new recruit must participate in the awareness-raising program within 15 days following his recruitment. Each employee in charge of sensitive activities will follow a catch-up session every 6 months.

412 This training will be delivered by the ESHSE of each of the contractor or by a specialized consultant appointed by the contractor. All personnel shall be trained. The sessions shall be recorded in a register where the names and attendance signatures of all participants will be noted.

413 The environmental management awareness program on the sites will cover at least the following priority subjects:

. rules for waste management within the sites; . rules for management of hazardous substances and wastes, particularly their storage authorized exclusively in specially adapted areas; . pollution control, in particular the response required in case of an accidental pollutant spill; . protection of sites against fire; . protection of sites against erosion and sedimentation; . procedure to follow in case of discovery of a physical cultural resource; . rules for traffic safety on public roads and within the sites; . principles for saving energy and other resources; . applicable penalties in case of infringement against the established rules.

414 Complementary training sessions will be made relating to hygiene, health and safety including:

. Hygiene and basic public health issues; . Safety rules on-site and off-site; . Emergency response in case of accident; . Personal and collective protective equipment and measures;

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. Safety measures in public areas; . Electricity hazards; . Fire control and fire protection; . Works in elevation and scaffolding safety.

PAC-18: ESHS Supervision of Construction Activities 415 Weekly Inspections. Weekly inspection of the different work sites will be organized by the ICSS and will be the subject of a report using a standard inspection sheet. This information sheet will cover all the environmental specifications imposed to the contractor, item by item, giving an immediate overview during each inspection, of situations of non-conformity.

416 Each non-compliance (NC) will be the subject of a standard record sheet to be filled in by the observer (Inspector) and submitted to the ICSS for action. The record sheet signed by the ICSS is handed over to the CC-ESHSE who then completes the document by explaining the proposed corrective measure. If the solution is acceptable, the Non-compliance is closed after checking that the corrective measure has been effectively and successfully implemented.

417 During weekly inspection visits, the following aspects (but not limited to) will be inspected:

. Access to site: control at entrance, site fenced, access with safety road signs, . Worker dormitories: cleanliness, rooms specifications respected, bed equipment, fire extinguishers, emergency calls posted etc., . Worker camp sanitation: toilet and showers number and conditions, septic tanks maintenance, oil separators maintenance, . Worker camp kitchen and canteens: cleanliness, food storage, potable water supply, hand wash facilities, posters on hygiene and public health, . First aid: poster of emergency call numbers and names, first aid kit available on site, first aid officer present, . Workshops and garage: stormwater drainage linked to oil separator, cleanliness of site, compressed gas bottles secured, used oils collected and safely stored, availability of spill response kits, . Fuel storage: location >100 m from water bodies, storage with retention safety, containers condition, spill response kits available, extinguishers, safety signs, . Solid waste management: garbage (cleanliness of site, bins maintained, waste segregation), construction waste (disposal, segregation for recycling), . Sediment control: erosion observed, sediment discharge in water body, sediment measures (pond, trap), pond for batching activity, topsoil collected and preserved, . Nuisances: noise levels, noisy equipment, smoke or dust emission, mud on public road, burning waste, dust prone areas watered, . Traffic safety: access, parking, control of vehicles and machinery, safety signs available, traffic deviation and lane reduction indicated, personnel for alternate traffic . Personal protective equipment (PEE): helmet, safety shoes, harness, reflective jacket, . Collective protection: scaffoldings, ladders, electrical hazards, chemical hazards, excavations fenced, hazard signs, security

418 All non-compliances observed will be subject to formal notification by PMC.

419 Coordination Meeting. Monthly coordination meetings will be held between the CC-ESHSEs (and their inspectors) and the ICSS and the PEM (and their inspectors), during which they discuss the

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Non-compliances opened, the remedial measures taken and any other subject of current concern such as the Action Plans and other documents presented by the CC-ESHSEs.

PAC-19: Site Cleaning and Rehabilitation Plan 420 By the end of construction activities, the contractor has to decommission the sites where its activities for Project needs have been performed and to restore their initial conditions, which includes:

421 To ensure that this Site Cleaning and Rehabilitation (SCR) operation is successfully implemented, the Contractor will be required to prepare a Site Cleaning and Rehabilitation Plan (SCRP) which provides operational methods for (i) site assessment and (ii) cleaning and rehabilitation in compliance with Contractual obligation and international good practices. PAC-20 Consultation Process during Construction

422 Consultation under Contractor Responsibility. Consultation will be carried out all along the pipeline route with the concerned communities when the construction activities are going to reach their villages. Consultations will be performed by the Contractor and will be held with the attendance of PEM and ICSS. The consultation will be held not later than 10 days before the start of any activity on site. Consultation will be followed by the posting of information on panels including presentation of site organization, schedule, names and telephone contacts in case of emergency, grievance procedure to follow during activities, posters regarding public safety measures.

423 The Consultation will present the construction program within the village area and will cover the following points:

. schedule of activities with starting and ending dates; . location of worksites: zone of excavation, area for temporary disposal of spoil, temporary worker camp (if any), parking area, storage area; . daily timing of various activities: starting and ending hour for noisy activities, starting and ending hours for all other activities; . proposed road traffic organization during works: alternate traffic, deviation, safety signs, etc. This organization, following suggestions by local population, will need to be validated by the local police; . proposed organization for access to residences, businesses and public building during construction activities; . measures implemented regarding public safety, emergency response and grievance mechanism on site; . signs an posters as previously listed to be dispatched in specific places to be required by village head and local police.

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424 Consultation under PMU Responsibility. PMU will be responsible to carry out specific consultation with affected communities concerning tree cutting and replanting. Purpose is to identify with concerned population priority areas for replanting and preferred species. Also, consultation will help to designate one or few persons in each village to monitor the growing of the new saplings (see PAE-02 below).

Construction Environmental Quality Monitoring

PAC-21: Air Quality and Noise Monitoring (PMU) 425 The main anticipated impact will be generation of dust near the construction sites. No significant problem is seriously anticipated with exhaust emissions, except very locally when machinery is operating along the pipeline route in the villages and along hauling routes.

426 Two types of monitoring are under the responsibility of the PMU:

. ad-hoc controls for dust at the boundaries of construction sites near residential areas and along hauling routes. Action will be taken as soon as few complaints from residents have been collected for a particular location, or where visual inspection confirms that excessive dust is being generated. The ICSS will also make spot checks of noise levels on the various work sites and in certain residential areas during daytime and night, in order to check that applicable references at the boundaries of the work sites or in the surrounding residential areas are complied with. . regular monitoring for air quality and noise carried out by an external registered laboratory on a semi-annual basis. Locations may vary according to progressive transfer of activities, particularly for the road works.

427 The proposed Monitoring Plan is in Table 32.

Table 32. Environmental Monitoring for Air and Noise

Reference Parameters Locations Frequency

Ambient air quality CO, SO2, NOx, TSP, O3, standards: Ministry of lead dust (Pb), (PM10), 1 site water intake Health (PM2.5), 1 site pumping station 2 sites tunnel access pit Quarterly Noise level standards: Day time and nighttime 2 sites along pipeline route Ministry of Health noise levels dB(A)

428 For the quarterly monitoring of air quality, PMU will rely on its Independent Monitoring Consultant.

PAC-22: Water Quality Monitoring (PMU) 429 PMU, though its Monitoring Consultant, will carry out water quality monitoring during the construction period. Monitoring purpose is to ensure that discharges from all project sites, are compliant with applicable environmental regulation or with related specifications in the Tender Documents.

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430 The monitoring will also confirm or not the validity of information supplied by the CCs on a monthly basis. Analysis will be performed on a limited number of parameters indicators of pollution from construction activities:

431 Control monitoring will concern at least the following water quality indicators:

. organic pollution: BOD5, nitrates, phosphates, (particularly related to effluent from the camps areas); . oils and grease, relating to drainage water from the areas used for mechanical activities, storage of hazardous substances (hydrocarbons) and grey water from canteens; . suspended solids in drainage water and used also as performance criteria for the activities in Ngamoeyeik reservoir and for sedimentation basins outlets.

432 Control monitoring will be carried out quarterly, established on the basis of 6 samplings of effluent discharge from worksites or receiving waters (Ngamoeyeik reservoir and creek) downstream source of potential contamination. ICSS will identify each quarter the discharges to be controlled.

Action Plan for Operation stage

PAE-01: Water Quality Monitoring 433 Water quality of Ngamoeyeik will be monitored during operation of the Project. Water can simply be sampled at the outlet of the pipeline where it enters Nyaunghnapin WTP. Sampling will be carried out by the operator of the WTP on a quarterly basis. This monitoring can complement the simpler monthly routine monitoring procedure performed for Nyaunghnapin.

434 The following preferred parameters are required, considering that all these can be analyzed by YCDC Central Laboratory (Table 33).

Table 33. Required Parameters for Quarterly Monitoring

Parameter Unit WHO Guidelines Total Coliform MPN*/100ml 0 Color TCU* 15 Turbidity* NTU* 5 pH* pH unit 6.5-8.5 Total Dissolved Solids* mg/l 1000 Electrical Conductivity* μS/cm (1500) Arsenic mg/l 0.05 Copper mg /l 2 Sulfate mg/l 250 Iron* mg/l 0.3 (1) Manganese* mg/l 0.5 (4) Nitrite Nitrogen mg/l 3 Nitrate Nitrogen* mg/l 50 Ammonia Nitrogen mg/l 1.5 Total Nitrogen mg/l - Total Phosphate mg/l - Total Alkalinity* mg/l 250 (30-250) Total Hardness* mg/l 500 Calcium mg/l 200 Magnesium mg/l 150

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Parameter Unit WHO Guidelines Chloride* mg/l 250 Total Suspended Solid mg /l - Note: Values within bracket are those applicable in Myanmar, all other are similar for WHO and Myanmar *: Parameter covered by routine monitoring procedure of YCDC Central Laboratory

PAE-02: Replantation Monitoring 435 Ensuring good quality aftercare of planted trees to ensure they survive and can grow to maturity. This will mean the engagement of a person or persons in each village to ensure the saplings are protected and cared for particularly in the dry season when young saplings may be vulnerable to the weather conditions. The program of aftercare starts during construction as tree planting should be undertaken as soon as possible in each road section when the construction of the pipeline is completed – not all at the end of the construction phase.

436 Trees will be replanted in the appropriate season to increase their viability, in accordance with DOF experience. Monitoring will be required the first 3 years after sapling plantation.

Cost of Environmental Impact Prevention, Mitigation and Monitoring 437 Following Table 34 sets out the estimated budgets required for implementation of the corrective measures and monitoring activities during the 3 phases of implementation of the YCWRP EMP. The budget presented is exclusive of salaries and supporting facilities (transport, office and field equipment, secretarial services) for dedicated staff from PMU Budget for EMP Implementation.

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Table 34. Budget for EMP Implementation.

No Corrective Measure / Action Responsibility Budget per Duration Total Year (years) Funding Implement (US$)

Program of Action before Construction Starts (PAP) 15,000 PPA-01 Appointment of PMU-PEM PMU PMU (1) 3 - PPA-04 Preparation of Communication instruments PMU ICSS/Cons. 10,000 - 10,000 PPA-05 Preparation of Contractor ESHS PMU ICSS/Cons. 5,000 - 5,000 specifications Program of Actions in Construction Phase (PAC) 720,000

PAC-01 Solid Waste Management Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-02 Hazardous Substances Management Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-03 Emergency Preparedness and Response Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-04 Erosion and Sediment Control Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-05 Management of Worker Camps Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-06 Public Health Management Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-07 Occupational Health and Safety Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-08 Recruitment and Labor Management Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-09 Management of Air Quality and Dust Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-10 Noise and Vibration Management Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-11 Concrete Plant Management Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-12 Approval of Sources of Construction Materials Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-13 Spoil Disposal Management Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-14 Management of Road Traffic and Access Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-15 Transport of Materials Management Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-16 Protection of Cultural Resources Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-17 EHS Training Program Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-16 Spoil Disposal Management Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - PAC-19 Site Cleaning & Rehabilitation Program Contractor Contractor (2) 3 - Environmental Supervision and Monitoring 608,000 PAC-18 ESHS Supervision of Construction Activities PMU PMC 11,000 3 33,000 (International, Domestic, Ground Travel) Environment – PMC International Safeguard PMU PMC 80,000 3 240,000 Staff (Remuneration and Per Diem)

Environment – PMC National Safeguard PMU PMC 45,000 3 135,000 Staff Remuneration and Per Diem)

PAC-21 Air Quality & Noise Monitoring (PMU) PMU Monitoring 20,000 3 60,000 Consultant PAC-22 Water Quality Monitoring (PMU) PMU Monitoring 20,000 3 60,000 Consultant PPA-02 Environmental Training of PMU-PEM & PMU PMU Training 15,000 - 15,000 Staff Consultant PPA-03 Health & Safety Training of PEM & PMU PMU Training 15,000 - 15,000 Consultant PAC 19 Provision for Ad Hoc control by Specialist PMU Specialist LS 3 25,000

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No Corrective Measure / Action Responsibility Budget per Duration Total Year (years) Funding Implement (US$)

PMU + local PAC-20 Consultation Process during construction PMU LS 3 25,000 stakeholders

Operational Phase Action Program (PAE) 60,000 WTP operator PAE-01 WQ Monitoring of Ngamoeyeik YCDC YCDC Central 10,000 3 30,000 Laboratory PAE-02 Follow-up tree planting program YCDC Villagers 10,000 3 30,000 1,403.000 TOTAL

140,300 Contingencies 10%

1,543,300 TOTAL

Notes: (1) Part of PMU operation budget (2) Related E&S expenses are included into construction costs of the Construction Contractor(s) (3) Control and Opex under routine operation and maintenance of the facility

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10 CONCLUSIONS

438 The IEE has been prepared in accordance with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). It also complies with Myanmar Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedure (2015). In accordance with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009) the project was initially screened by ADB. The project was assigned Category B requiring preparation of an Initial Environmental Examination including an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The project was categorized as an “IEE Type Project” under the Myanmar EIA Procedure (2015).

439 The IEE Report is based on field work and investigations conducted from August 2018 through to July 2019. The pipeline corridor route and surrounding landscapes were examined. Published and online data and information were reviewed; and site and location inspections were made. ADB, YCDC, MONREC ECD and Forest Department regional personnel were met. Initial consultation meetings were arranged and conducted by YCDC and Consultant Team personnel.

440 Public Consultation. Public consultation was undertaken, and a grievance redress mechanism has been designed to address issues and complaints that may arise during construction.

441 Environmental Benefits. The primary environmental benefit of the project will be the replacement of the open canal, which is susceptible to pollution, with a secure pipeline. This will ensure delivery of raw water from Ngamoeyeik to the Nyaunghnapin WTP with no loss of quality. The pipeline will also reduce the water losses, currently estimated at 30%, to around 0%. When further investments in treatment and pumping are completed the pipeline will facilitate the delivery of additional water to the residents of Yangon.

442 Benefits for impacted population. Villages crossed by the pipeline will not get direct benefits from the pipeline itself as the water will be totally transferred to Yangon. However, it is anticipated that the project will improve access to properties, as well as the roadside drainage in the villages along the pipeline route. In addition, the project includes a component of community infrastructure program (USD 1 million) to be discussed with the communities according to their needs. Through a participatory process, village communities will be able to identify and prioritize improvements to be implemented under the project. Construction activities will provide work opportunities for local unskilled labor, increasing revenues among the communities.

443 Description of Environment. The area of the project consists mainly of flat plain developed for rice production. The rice paddies operate on a rainfed basis, but also on an irrigated basis for the most downstream part of the plain. The region is not forested, ligneous vegetation being mostly limited to shrubs and small trees used for fuelwood production and by planted trees along the roads.

444 The project area is entirely located in geological sedimentary formations which will allow easy excavation of trenches and boring of tunnel sections. The new water intake will be located next to the existing YCDC water intake (disused). This part of Ngamoeyeik reservoir has easy access, is almost dry at the end of the dry season and construction activities may be easily isolated from the rest of the reservoir.

445 Climate Change. A Climate Change Assessment was undertaken in accordance with the ADB climate risk management framework. The Climate Risk is classified as medium. Based on the climate change forecasts the project components that may be vulnerable to potential damages due to erosion and/or flooding are i) the pumping station structures; ii) pipeline foundations and structures crossing over creek; iii) pipeline structures crossing under the creek crossing; and iv) the regulation buffer tank

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structures and equipment. Climate adaptation and mitigation measures have been incorporated into the project.

446 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures: The IEE reviews all potential impacts from project location, construction and operation. Mitigation measures are proposed to avoid, minimize or compensate for each of the impacts identified. Most of impacts identified concern temporary potential nuisances during construction activities on the population of villages crossed by the pipeline. These concern mainly noise, dust and public safety issues in relation to excavation works along public roads and road traffic disturbances.

447 The pumping station will be constructed on YCDC land, along the YCDC road. The area is flat, unvegetated and will require no access road nor forest clearing for construction. The pipeline will be laid within the ROW of the roads, outside the surfaced part of the road. The landscape beyond the ROW is a mixture of paddy fields and low-density village area. The roads are elevated by few meters over the plain to avoid flooding. No ecologically sensitive or unique natural features have been identified within the pipeline corridor.

448 Impacts on Roadside Trees. The implementation of the pipeline within the roads RoW will require the cutting of planted trees located on the roadside of the pipeline route. The IEE identified 2,900 trees to be cut, which is expected to cause concern for the communities. The Forest Department has advised that all of the trees within the right of way are the property of the Myanmar Government. The Forest Department will determine the number of impacted trees and the contractor will be responsible for their removal and disposal. The pipeline construction will have a medium - term impact on the appearance of the road corridor because of the loss of mature trees on one side of the road. However, the impact will be mitigated by the plantation of 6,000 trees (two trees planted for each tree cut) in areas close to those where trees were cut. Trees will be replanted in the appropriate season to increase their viability. They will require good quality aftercare to ensure they survive and can grow to maturity. The program of tree aftercare starts during construction as tree planting should be undertaken as soon as possible in each section of road when the construction is completed.

449 Transport of Materials. The project activities will require the transport large amounts of concrete pipe, construction material, and spoil material. The contractor will undertake a site and route specific assessment of the risks associated with of the transport of concrete pipe, construction materials, and spoil materials. The contractor will prepare a Transport of Material Management Plan, which must be approved by the Project Management Consultant and the Project Management. The plan will include mitigation measures to address the air quality and dust impacts, traffic safety, and noise and vibration. The plan is to be developed in coordination with other environmental management plans for air quality management, noise and vibration control, concrete plant management, spoil management, and traffic management and site access.

450 Water Resources. Ultimately the project will facilitate the extraction of an extra 205 MLD of water compared to the present extraction rate. A water balance study carried out alongside the PPS has confirmed that the water available in Ngamoeyeik and its two upstream feeder reservoirs is sufficient for both irrigation and urban water supply. The study also found that there will be sufficient water even with expected climate change impacts, but only if the existing reservoir volumes are maintained. For this reason, a continuous coordination program with Irrigation Water Management Department will be required.

451 Impacts of Concrete Pipe Fabrication Plant and Concrete Batching Plant. The Project is expected to need: (i) 33,000m of 2,400 mm or concrete for the pipeline from Ngamoeyeik Reservoir to Nyaunghnapin Water Treatment Plant. The preferred approach is to fabricate this pipe in situ at a site

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near the pipeline route. In addition, a concrete batching plant is planned for construction of the new intake and intake tunnel. The location of the pipe fabrication plant and the concrete batching plant will be determined by the Contractor prior to construction. However, these plants must be located in an area where they will not pose a hazard to the environment or local communities. Highly alkaline wastewater, dust emissions and noise are the key potential impacts associated with concrete batching plants. The Contractor will prepare a Concrete Plant Management Plan that will include necessary environmental management measures for the Concrete Pipe Fabrication Plant and Concrete Batching Plants.

452 Impacts on Physical Cultural Resources. The pipeline route passes in front of two monasteries and is not expected to impact the monasteries. It crosses also access road to two other monasteries located far from the road. Five banyan trees (5) are located within the pipeline route. Three particularly large banyan trees are situated within the ROW and in the pipeline alignment. Although these three trees are not especially significant, they are seen as spiritual, and important to the communities. Efforts will be made to preserve the trees during implementation. The options for their preservation will be explored during detailed design. These will include deviations in pipeline alignment, and special trench design to protect the pipeline from the tree routes. These options will be discussed in consultation with the communities and Government representatives.

453 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). A GRM consistent with the requirements of the ADB SPS (2009) will be established to prevent and address community concerns, reduce risks, and assist the project to maximize environmental and social benefits. In addition to serving as a platform to resolve grievances, the GRM has been designed to help achieve the following objectives: (i) open channels for effective communication, including the identification of new environmental issues of concern arising from the project; (ii) demonstrate concerns about community members and their environmental well-being; and (iii) prevent and mitigate any adverse environmental impacts on communities caused by project implementation and operations. The GRM is accessible to diverse members of the community, including more vulnerable groups such as women and youth.

454 Contractor ESHS Management Plan. Before construction starts the contractor will prepare a Contractor ESHS Management Plan (ESHSMP) consistent with the EMP and with the ESHS specifications in the bidding documentation. The ESHSMP is to include all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements to be carried out by the contractor. The ESHSMP will be submitted to the PMU and PMC for review and approval prior starting any work. Bidding documents will detail requirements for ESHSMP. To ensure the contractor allocates sufficient funds to prepare and implement the ESHSMP in compliance with ESHS specifications, the bid documents will require that the cost of implementing the ESHS measures is detailed in the contractor bid price.

455 EMP/ESHS Supervision. A Project Management Unit (PMU) will be established. The PMU will be responsible for ensuring environmental supervision of the implementation of the EMP. The PMU will be supported by a Project Management Consultant (PMC) with international and national environmental experts that will directly supervise the implementation of the ESHSMP measures by the contractor. The contractor will be required to have permanent staff on site with responsibility for environmental management, reporting to the supervision engineers, environmental specialists and government counterparts.

456 Consultation during Project Implementation. During construction, the contractor will be requested to organize, under the supervision of the PMU, regular consultation with communities prior to start work in any residential area. The objective is to inform the population on the works to be initiated in the locality, the organization of the construction sites, the plans to maintain road traffic, access to residences, businesses, public buildings, safety issues in relation to works, schedule of

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works and interruption of utilities (electricity). Consultation will be held at latest more than two weeks before starting works in order to integrate public comments and recommendations. The road traffic plan prepared by the contractor will need to be approved by PMU and the traffic police before implementation.

457 Conclusion. Assuming that the mitigation measures and monitoring requirements in the Environmental Management Plan are effectively implemented, the project is not expected to have a significant adverse environmental impact.

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Appendices

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ANNEX 1 RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA)

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WATER SUPPLY REA CHECKLIST

Issues / Questions Yes No Comments

A. Project Siting - Is the project area… . Densely populated? X The pipeline route follows mainly the right of way (ROW) of the existing roads, thus crossing 8 villages distributed along the 3 road sections. Project will not involve demolition of residential buildings and involuntary resettlement but will mainly concern the temporary removal of some light constructions (wood and bamboo) like shops and restaurants encroaching on the road ROW. As the pipeline is fully underground, these facilities could be reinstalled after few weeks of disturbance.

. Heavy with development activities? X The Project area is dominantly rural, mainly involved in paddy cropping. Only one industrial development zone (KMIC) is planned through Korean investments between Nga Su Taung Village and Nyaungnhnapin Water Treatment Plant where the pipeline will arrive. The pipeline route does not cross this future development zone but will follow the ROW of the road being presently widened by the Korean Project.

X The pipeline route does not cross any environmentally sensitive area. The main impact on the natural environment will concern . Adjacent to or within any the cutting of a number of trees planted along one side of the environmentally sensitive areas? road but concern only few km of the pipeline route. The pipeline

route will pass in front of schools, health center and monasteries but always outside these areas. No direct impact anticipated

X Two pagodas/Monasteries are located along the proposed . Cultural heritage site pipeline route but far enough from the road ROW to avoid any impact or risk with the pipeline route. No impact anticipated

. Protected Area X No such area is observed along or nearby the pipeline route. X No wetland is crossed by the pipeline route . Wetland

. Mangrove X Not applicable X Not applicable . Estuarine

. Buffer zone of protected area X Not applicable . Special area for protecting X Not applicable biodiversity . Bay X Not applicable B. Potential Environmental - Impacts Will the Project cause… . pollution of raw water supply from X The objective of the Project is in particular to secure the good upstream wastewater discharge from water quality of the Ngamoeyeik water to be transferred to communities, industries, agriculture, Nyaunghnapin water treatment plant, presently transferred and soil erosion runoff? through a vulnerable open canal. Catchment area of Ngamoeyeik reservoir is exclusively natural without settlements or polluting activity. No pollution risk of the resource is anticipated.

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Issues / Questions Yes No Comments

. impairment of historical/cultural X No impacts or risks anticipated. The pipeline route is far enough monuments/areas and loss/damage from the two identified pagodas to avoid any risk or damage to these sites? during construction activities. In two sites, small spirit houses will need temporary displacement during works and will be reinstalled after pipeline is installed in these places.

. hazard of land subsidence caused by X No particular pumping observed along the pipeline route and the excessive ground water pumping? Project transfers only surface water from Ngamoeyeik reservoir. No interaction with underground water

. social conflicts arising from X No displacement of communities is required as the pipeline will displacement of communities? be buried within the road ROW. PAPs are mainly concerned by demolition of light structures illegally built within the right of way of the roads. They will be fairly compensated and could reinstalled these facilities when the pipe is installed.

. conflicts in abstraction of raw water X Ngamoeyeik reservoir presently supplies water for Yangon water for water supply with other beneficial supply and for the irrigation of the Ngamoeyeik irrigation scheme. water uses for surface and ground Water supply to Nyaungnhapin water treatment plant is presently waters? of 409MLD plus 205MLD to Aungtagon pumping station should increase to 818MLD with the Project (614MLD to Nyaunghnapin. However, the 205MLD increase should not create significant conflict for water use because piping the water will cancel the existing water losses from evaporation and infiltration along the open canals presently used for the water transfer. Second, irrigation water management which is very poor at present (irrigation efficiency is very low, probably around 50%) should be improved in the coming years to optimize use of water and reduce the high-water losses. Third, industrial development pressure from Yangon progressively reduces irrigated areas which will also decrease water requirements for irrigation.

. unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. X Water quality of Ngamoeyeik is good and suitable for water excessive pathogens or mineral supply and irrigation. Catchment area of the reservoir is almost constituents)? totally forested without any significant population and source of organic or chemical contamination.

. delivery of unsafe water to X At present, the use of irrigation and YCDC open canals to deliver distribution system? water to the Nyaunghnapin WTP presents a potential risk of accidental water contamination. The underground pipeline project will definitely cancel this risk.

. inadequate protection of intake works X The Project includes the construction of a new 818MLD water or wells, leading to pollution of water intake within Ngamoeyeik reservoir, next to the existing one. The supply? area has restricted and controlled access. No specific contamination risk is anticipated at intake level.

. over pumping of ground water, X Not applicable. leading to salinization and ground subsidence? . excessive algal growth in storage X No particular growth observed even late in dry season; the reservoir? reservoir is (i) already 25 years old (well stabilized) and (ii) not fed by nutrient rich water. No particular threat for the long term, as far as the catchment area remains reasonably preserved.

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Issues / Questions Yes No Comments

. increase in production of sewage X At present, only a small fraction of Yangon sewage is treated beyond capabilities of community before being discharged in the Yangon River. A new wastewater facilities? treatment plant (C1-WWTP) to be financed under JICA should be constructed in the coming few years. The additional water quantity to be supplied by the present Project (205MLD) represents only few percent of the Yangon total wastewater generated daily by the city, from which only 6% is discharged in the sewerage system and eventually in the river. Remaining part goes though collective septic tanks from which effluent infiltrates in the ground or is drained to the river. No significant effect of project on the present situation is anticipated

. inadequate disposal of sludge from X Not applicable to the present water transfer project. However, the water treatment plants? extension of Nyaungnhapin WTP capacity (from current 409MLD to 614MLD) is already anticipated under ADB funding as an additional project.

. inadequate buffer zone around X Not applicable to present project. Nyaungnhapin WTP is pumping and treatment plants to surrounded by vast buffer zones consisting of paddy fields, with alleviate noise and other possible no noise nuisance on residential areas. nuisances and protect facilities? . impairments associated with X Some short sections of electrical transmission lines and of transmission lines and access roads? communication located within the road RoW will require displacement before starting excavation works.

. health hazards arising from X Not applicable to present water transfer project. inadequate design of facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of chlorine and other hazardous chemicals. . health and safety hazards to workers X Not applicable for issues associated to chlorine management. from handling and management of Risks for workers during construction will be mainly related to chlorine used for disinfection, other earthworks and civil engineering activities. Strict occupational contaminants, and biological and health and safety (OHS) specifications will be imposed to the physical hazards during project contractor with monitoring of their effective implementation during construction and operation? construction stage.

. dislocation or involuntary X No dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people is resettlement of people? considered. It is only anticipated some temporary demolition of light constructions (wood/bamboo) as shops or small restaurants illegally encroaching presently on the road ROW where the pipeline will be located. After construction, as the pipe is installed underground, reconstruction of these light buildings (even if not legally located on the road ROW) may be possible.

. disproportionate impacts on the X No particular impact on poor and vulnerable groups is poor, women and children, anticipated. Temporary construction impacts will mainly concern Indigenous Peoples or other resident areas along the road, particularly those located on the vulnerable groups? side the pipeline is laid.

. noise and dust from construction X Possible impact during trenching and pipe laying activities along activities? the road. This impact will be controlled by strict specifications imposed to contractor and effective monitoring of construction activities.

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Issues / Questions Yes No Comments

. increased road traffic due to X Road traffic will be increased by Project trucks transporting interference of construction equipment (particularly concrete pipe rings) earth spoil from activities? excavation works. Main source of traffic disturbance will result from pipeline excavation works along road RoW. One lane will be used for construction activities while the other lane will allow for alternate traffic on the road. All safety preventing measures will be implemented in coordination with traffic police. Detailed ESHS specifications will be imposed to the Contractor and effective monitoring of measures implementation will be carried out during whole construction stage.

. continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from X Not anticipated as the pipeline route follows generally flat plain construction operations? topography consisting of rainfed/irrigated paddy fields. Some risks regarding sediment release will be considered for the construction of the new intake in Ngamoeyeik and for the construction of bridge facilities (2) for the crossing of Ngamoeyeik creek by the pipeline. Detailed specifications in the bidding documents will impose to the Contractor effective sedimentation control measures to be enforced through effective monitoring.

. delivery of unsafe water due to poor X Not applicable as the Project does not include water treatment O&M treatment processes (especially component. A linked financing by ADB already considers the mud accumulations in filters) and extension of Nyaunghnapin water treatment plant extension. inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution systems? . delivery of water to distribution X Not applicable as the project does not include water treatment system, which is corrosive due to component. inadequate attention to feeding of corrective chemicals? . accidental leakage of chlorine gas? X Not applicable as the project does not include water treatment component.

. excessive abstraction of water X Not anticipated: First, preliminary hydrological study by the TA affecting downstream water users? Team confirms additional abstraction of 205 MLD will be partly balanced by the reduction of losses from canal infiltration and evaporation. Second, planned improvement of water management on the Ngamoeyeik irrigation scheme will reduce present huge water losses (water efficiency is only about 50% at present on the irrigation scheme). Third, irrigation scheme will most probably reduce area in the coming decades because of industrial development land pressure which will progressively increase in the future.

Climate Change projections for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 forecast an increase of rainfall by 10 to 40% by the end of the century for Yangon region. There will be potential for mobilizing additional water resource by increasing seasonal storage capacity though ne storages or capacity increase of existing ones.

. competing uses of water? X Same as above. However, should the situation become critical at the end of the dry season of an exceptionally dry year, urban water supply is always given priority over irrigation water supply.

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Issues / Questions Yes No Comments

. increased sewage flow due to X Sewage may possibly increase but not in a significant proportion increased water supply considering that only 6% of Yangon population is presently connected to sewer. Furthermore, a new WWTP is already anticipated for development by JICA (C1-WWTP) with a capacity of 250,000 m3/day (250 MLD) which will widely balance the potential increase of sewage related to the pipeline project.

. large population influx during project X Large population influx is not anticipated for this type of project. construction and operation that Construction will require few teams with limited number of causes increased burden on social workers and operation requirements will be minimal and done by infrastructure and services (such as YCDC. water supply and sanitation systems)? . social conflicts if workers from other X Not anticipated, as the number of workers will be limited, and regions or countries are hired? recruitment of unskilled workers may be done from villages along the pipeline route.

. risks to community health and safety X Construction stage: no explosives use anticipated. Only small due to the transport, storage, and use quantity of diesel (few drums) may be stored on site for refueling and/or disposal of materials such as of heavy equipment. ESHS specifications in bidding documents explosives, fuel and other chemicals will detail Contractor obligations and measures to be during operation and construction? implemented to avoid accident or accidental spill.

Operation stage: No hazardous materials involved (underground pipeline).

. community safety risks due to both X Some potential safety risk in relation to construction activities accidental and natural hazards, next to or on the road (excavations works, heavy equipment especially where the structural operating, traffic disturbance). Detailed health and safety elements or components of the specifications in relation to safety risks will be provided in EMP project are accessible to members of and in bidding documents and enforced on the sites through strict the affected community or where supervision of contractor activities. their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

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ANNEX 2 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

Stakeholder Consultations - June 28 2019 In June 2019, YCWRP team including project design engineers, safeguard consultants and YCDC officers from Engineering Department for Water and Sanitation conducted a consultation meeting at the Hlegu Township General Administration Department office. Participants included Hlegu Township Supervision Officer and staff, head of villages from potential project affected areas, representative staffs from Ministry of Construction Rural Roads Department, Forest Department, and Irrigation Department.

Figure #. Photo of Stakeholders meeting and Public consultation meeting by YCWRP

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Stakeholder Meeting at Yangon ECD office Social team discussion

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Opening Speach of YCDC Officer at Hlegu Project introduction Township

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Hlegu GAD officer discussion Introducing pipe line project design and location

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Explanation of design engineer Discussion of MOC officer

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Social team discussion Village head participation

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Village head participation Environemtal Consultant discussion

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Discussion of village head Discussion of Rural Development department

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Irrigation department discussion Closing remark of YCDC officer

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Attendance List Time

Date 28.6.2019(Friday)

Venue Administrator Office(Hlegu Township)

No Name Position Organization Signature

1 U Than Han Assistant Chief Engineer YCDC(EDWS)

2 U Zaw Oo EE YCDC(EDWS)

3 U Tin Oo EE YCDC

4 Daw Htike Htike Khine ႔YCDC(DS) YCDC

5 U Kyaw Min Tun Clerk-1 YCDC

6 Kyawt Kyawt Khaing Water Resources/Demand Specialist YCWRP/SUEZ

7 Marget Davis International Social Spec. YCWRP/SUEZ

8 Zarchi Win Thein National Social Spec. YCWRP/SUEZ

9 Dr.Zin Mar Lwin N. Environmental Consultant YCWRP/SUEZ

10 Thel Su Wai Aung Civil Engineer YCWRP/SUEZ

11 U Khin Mg Soe Village Head GAD

12 Daw Nwet Nwet Win EE(Urban) MOC

13 Daw Lei Lei Win EE(Urban) Rual Road

14 U Kyaw Ko Ko EE(Urban) Irrigation

15 U Myint Tun Village Head Phaung Gyi(West)

16 U Kyaw Ngwe Village Head Haiku

17 U Aye Thaung Ranger Forest Department

18 Daw Shwe Yee Hlaing Senior Staff GAD

19 U Soe Win Village Head Ngarsutaung

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Yangon City Water Resilience Project (formerly the Yangon Urban Services Improvement Project)

Public Consultation Report 16 December 2019

Prepared by

Daw Zar Chi Win Thein

Dr. Zin Mar Lwin

Daw Thel Su Wai Aung

Prepared for Yangon City Development Committee

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A. Overview of Consultation Activities

1. In accordance with the Myanmar EIA Procedure (2019) and the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), a public consultation meeting and six (6) focus group discussions were conducted in arranged in potentially project affected areas.

2. Public consultations along the proposed 34km pipeline route included nine (9) villages including Phaung gyi anauk, Phaya Gon, U Yin Wa, Hi Gu, Gyo Gon (North and South), Nyaung Gon, Ngasu Taung, Kyar Inn and Tagu Tone villages representatives including women groups from Hlegu Township are invited for their participation. Project related stakeholders including Hlegu Township General Administrative Department, Irrigation Department of MOALI, Main road and rural road departments of MOC, Forest Department of MONREC, Electricity distribution Department of MOEE, Statistic and Land Settlement department of MOALI, Township Environmental Conservation Department, and people representative of National Parliamentarians were also invited by the YCDC.

3. The purpose of consultation activities was to (i) describe the rationale and key elements of the Yangon Urban Services Improvement Project; (ii) inform all stakeholders about the potential environmental, social, and economic impacts; (iii) obtain and record the views of the stakeholders on issues and concerns regarding the environmental, social, and economic impacts; and (iv) in particular, for potentially affected peoples, obtain their views on the potential loss of land and/or other assets and the environmental impacts, and advise them of proposed mitigation measures.

4. To allow for convenient participation of different villages, the public consultation meeting event was conducted at Bawdishwe Kyaung Monastery of Hi Gu village on 3 December of 2019. The project information handout in local language was distributed to all participants including the information enquiry and open discussion for public issues and concern on the proposed project. The township level public participation event has been successfully done by the interactive and friendly participation of 53 participants (see Appendix 1).

5. This consultation was a first ever public consultation for this project and the follow-up consultations will be followed during implementation phase of the project to optimize peoples’ participation and to strengthen the commitments for the people. Questions and answers together with the attendance list with information documents will be provided in the annex of the IEE report.

6. A summary of the key points of discussion is provided in section B. More detailed information on the Hlegu Township Public Consultation meeting is provided in section C. More detailed information on the focus group discussions is provided in section D.

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B. Summary of Key Points of Discussion

7. The Hlegu Township Public Consultation meeting and focus group discussions further clarified the community issues and concerns. The main issues discussed included:

8. Legal rights to the RoW for the section of the road between Nga Suu Taung Village and Kyar Inn Village Monastery. Community members explained that the road from Nga Suu Taung Village to Kyar Inn Village Monastery was built by community for transportation more that 20 years ago. There was no identification of the RoW; and no declaration about RoW has been made by the Government. For the road construction, the villagers donated their own lands for the benefit of community development. At the present, the houses and shops beside road are not an encroachment on the ROW, as people are simply occupying their own land. Some of the houses and shops will be completely affected within RoW and people have nowhere to move. Approximately on year 2000, the township level department under Ministry of Construction, upgraded the road with tar. The community’s position is that there is no legally defined RoW; and if the project goes ahead there is a need to compensate for the structures and also for the land because the land besides the road are owned by villagers.

C. Hlegu Township Public Consultation Meeting

9. The public participation meeting in Hlegu Township was led by a representative authority of YCDC and included the presentation by a design engineer (see the agenda in Table 1). Firstly, the representative of proponent, the Deputy Director of Water Resources and Water Supply Department briefly explained about the scope, duration, funding agency and project feasibility stages of proposed underground pipeline installation project, project background and history, urgent requirement of urban drinking water supply system, strength and weakness of existing open canal water supply stems, water competition and water sharing status of YCDC and Irrigation department and the proposed project potential benefit for the water demanding population of the Yangon City.

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Table 1. Agenda for Hlegu Township Meeting

Day/Time Activity Resource Person 3.12.2019 Introduction about Project Description U Than Han 9:00-12:00 am Assistant Chief Engineer Water Resource and Water Supply Management Department (WR&WSD) Yangon City Development Committee Presentation about Engineering Daw Thel Su Wai Aung Design Design Engineer

Presentation about Environmental Dr. Zin Mar Lwin Safeguards National Environmental Safeguard Specialist Presentation about Social Safeguards Daw Zar Chi Win Thein National Social Safeguard Specialist Open Discussion All Participants

10. The project design engineer explained about the pipe route selections methods and alternative considerations for maximization of project feasibility, minimization of potential impacts with minimum cost for sustainable ways. The designation of pipe route in the public roads ROW right of way and pipe size, implementation schedule, trench size & depth and estimated temporary occupied periphery for construction activities, ect for the construction phase of the project are explained by power point presentation and interactive discussion. The technical and financial optimization of project cost by avoiding high risk and destruction of community livelihood practices are also addressed. The brief project information document in local language including a project overview sketch map is also distributed for the proper understanding of the lay person of the local communities.

11. The environmental safeguard policy and legal requirements to be compliance with the proposed pipeline project implementation process were. The potential environmental and social impact by the proposed project activities were identified for every phases of the project and the mitigation and avoidance mechanisms were also explained for each project phases. The ambient air, noise and water quality baseline conditions of project area were measured and the laboratory analysis results were provided. Despite the proposed project is still feasibility study, the potential activities will be implemented during preconstruction, construction and operation periods including negotiation with the related government departments, getting agreement and approval process, land acquisition agreement between land owner and contractor for worker camps and construction equipment, vegetation clearance and tree cutting permission, soil erosion protection and mitigation measures, temporary impact of noise, vibration and air pollution during construction period and mitigation measures, compensation for land acquisition

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or any damage caused by the project activities, potential occupational health hazards, risk estimation and preparation for community safety measures, traffic control measures, awareness signal and notification including grievance redress mechanism prepared in environmental management plan to be compliance by the respective parties are explained to all participants. The potential temporary impact on private and village access roads, cemetery access and public utilities including electric and communication poles removal during construction period and instruction of site management, monitoring programs, providing alternative access road for every segment of the construction are discussed interactively. Question and concerns about the protection from excavated trench, potential land used right changes after underground pipe installation for roadside household, earth work and spoil disposal on cultivated land, social and cultural conflict between migrant workers and residence were also discussed by the participants. The grievance redress mechanism set up arrangement and selection of representative from respective community and relevant authority are also discussed for the knowledge of participants.

12. Finally, the national social safeguard specialist discussed about socio-economic conditions and identification of project affected household and survey data collection results which have been conducted in middle of 2019 for potential project affected household, shops, vendors, public utility and the observed condition to all participants. The social safeguard policy to be complied in the implementation of the proposed project and resettlement and compensation plan to be implemented along the project life span are explained by the power point presentation. The entitlement of affected households, land use and land ownership right and the nature of compensation for affected communities are also explained thoroughly. The project schedules and further detail measurement survey to be conducted in implementation phase of the project for proper compensation, potential job opportunity for local residence, gender equality and chance of women participation in project implementation activities are interactively discussed. The participants raised their willingness to participate at the suitable parts of the project by the relevant skillful and unskillful labor requirement even for the food serving and housekeeping of workers’ camp especially for the women who have less of job opportunity by the shrinking of agricultural land and changes to mechanized farming practices. The YCDC authority replied to fulfill the requirement of the project affected community and some water supply plan for the water scare communities. The priority of job opportunity for local residents and safety arrangements are discussed frankly.

13. A third party consultant team coordinated respective safeguard portions and recorded the open discussion of issues, concerns and answers during the meetings (Table 2).

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Table 2. Summary of Key Issues raised response the YCRWP Project Response

Key Issue Raised YCWRP Project Response

Ngar Su Taung Village Tract Administrator- We listen the voices of community and also If we cannot get the water for daily usage, we consider how we can respond this issue. For want the water for firefighting in the community. example, the previous township stakeholder The village leaders have the time limitation so if consultation, the Village Tract leader raised the we still got the position until the project is issues about to get the water for firefighting, we implemented. The road through the Hpaung gyi already included this in our report and west was the land occupied from the local considering. farmers, but they didn’t get the fair compensation. We know if the government need to do development projects and want to occupy our lands, we will sacrifice for the community development, but I would like to know if some local community reject this project, what will happen then. The other issue is if the contractor doesn’t obey the rules such as they compile the soil wherever they want, the drivers of big machines are driving without discipline and so on. I say so based on my experiences in other township development committee work site. Also don’t just listen to community’s voices,

need to respond to this with fair decision. When the project starts and need community No need to worry about this because every project participation, please consider to participate men implemented by ADB funded, there are already and women equally. consideration gender equality in every steps of the projects even when we conduct the FGDs along the proposed pipe line, we will do women FGDs to listen the voices of women.

How about the impacted structures like as our We will mitigate the impacts as much as we can community donation hall are in RoW, can we get and if the structures are affected, we have a plan compensation? how to compensate for the loss of community. But now the project is just proposed and when the project is approved, we will conduct more consultation and give information about compensation.

KyarInn VT Admin- In KyarInn village, the road We will consider about this and will include this in was built by community effort and rehabilitated by our report. Due to ADB rules and regulations, the Ministry of Border Affairs at the time of there are consideration for compensation step by Military Government since 2000. They occupied step based on entitlement and ownership status. our lands without paying the compensation. At From the preparation to implementation of the that time, they didn’t declare about the ROW and project, we will consult with the community every nobody knows about that. That’s why the village

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Key Issue Raised YCWRP Project Response community constructed the structures besides stages of the project. road such as houses, shops and others due to lack of knowledge and they are not intentionally intruding the ROW. So for the impacted structures, we want to know the plan for compensation. If the project is approved, we will suffer again for the impacted structures. Please consider about this and we want compensation for the losses. Please keep my message for the future plan.

D. Focus Group Discussions

14. Separate Focus Group meetings at Phaya Gon village Monastery for Phauggyi Anauk group, Hi Gu village for U Yin Wa and Hi Gu group, Nyaung Gon village for Nyaung Gon and Nanti group and finally at Ngasu Taung village for Ngasutaung, Kyar Inn and Tagu Tone groups were arranged on 5 to 7 December 2019 respectively. As the proposed water pipeline installation project will be implemented along the right of way of the main road and rural roads from the Nagmoe Yeik Reservoir to Nyaung Hnapin Water Treatment Plant, the consultation emphasized more on potential project affected household, shops, vendors, public utilities, and women group participation for their issues and concerns.

15. The village level focus group meetings for different nature of ownership are held by the following agenda in Table 3. The summary of the key issues raised by affected residential house owners and small shop owners are described in Table 4. As the nature of village used to lead by male household head, women have less chance to hear the news of project and seldom have chance to participate for their issue and concerns. Therefore, women groups from some villages especially from direct project affected areas are invited separately and discuss frankly. Table 5 also summarizes the key raised by women groups and the Project’s response

Table 3. Agenda for Focus Group Meetings

Day/Time Activity Resource Person 5-12-2019 Presentation about Engineering Design Daw Thel Su Wai Aung to Design Engineer 7-12-2019 9:00- Presentation about Environmental Dr. Zin Mar Lwin 12:00 Safeguards National Environmental Safeguard Specialist Presentation about Social Safeguards Daw Zar Chi Win Thein National Social Safeguard Specialist Open Discussion All Participants

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Table 4. Key Issues Raised by Affected residential house owners and small shop owners

Key Issue Raised YCWRP Project Response

If the project implementation process takes too The construction contractor will have to provide long, there will be issues of access road and either suitable alternative access ways or segment packing log for public bus owner’s daily routine by segment construction practices will be activities and will affect their daily income sources implemented for roadside communities. When the project construction contractor is designated, the contractor’s environmental and site management plan will have to prepare a plan for all access roads by detail design of the pipe route. During construction, it could discuss again for special issues like this.

People who stay next to the Nga Moe Yeik The water issue raised by the respective community Reservoir since the establishment of it and most of will be documented and suggested to consider a them scarified a lot for the construction of this proper supporting plan for these communities. It will reservoir would like to get access of water from mention in IEE report and will be included in project the reservoir. Phauggyi west village which is implementation plan. The issue has been suffering hardest water scarcity though it was documented since the first time of stakeholder located at the base of the Reservoir. People consultation meeting at Hlegu township GAD office. especially poor would like to get some water benefit from this project. So, communities are requesting for the consideration of water access plan as first priority and water for firefighting or public utility as second. Despite the proposed project is planning to supply sufficient water for Yangon but the pipeline will pass through the villages with no water access point is not so fair so, the communities’ along the proposed pipe route would like to get the benefit from the project.

The community raised an important issue that Before project starts, detail measurement survey there was a private owned small water pipelines will be conduct and will be taken care of this system, which is crossing the main road of Pha pipeline system safety. Yar Gone village for the distribution of water to the households. The community would like to remind to the authority to be taken into account before and during construction period of the proposed project.

The residents from Hi Gu village tract raised an One of the YCDC authority replied that there will be issue for their land used right and concern for land no limitation for reusing vacant space in RoW as value changes after underground pipe lien usual but the roadside community must not grow installation project. They would like to agree with perennial trees and should not build deep the YCDC for the construction of the proposed foundation shops or houses permanently over the pipeline project, but after designating the pipe rout area of pipe line for the long term effect with high in the RoW, there will be restricted area or investment cost for this kinds of water transmission enacting new YCDC laws and regulation for RoW line. There will also be some maintenance points for encroachers. There will have some negative the pipeline and when YCDC needs to maintain the impact on the value of their residential roadside pipe line system, at that time the permanent and land and assets. The roadside shop owner will temporary structures need to be removed for a

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Key Issue Raised YCWRP Project Response also be suffered by the construction process. They while. want to be sure that maintenance plan of pipeline system will restrict or not for the utilization of Row for roadside community. Most of the residential lands in this area have no legal entitlement as they are heritage from their ancestors, so they concern for their land use right for near future. Now the market price for their lands is high if there is restriction on living due to YCDC law, the price will decrease, and they will suffer and no guarantee for them.

What is the estimated time interval for The project will not be implemented all 34 km at the construction? same time. May be 100 m segment each (300 feet) at a time and the construction contractor will have to provide an alternative access ways for the roadside community properly. It may take at most one month as in estimation for each construction segments.

Why do pipeline system can’t install beside the There was an Irrigation law and irrigation canal existing irrigation canal? maintenance regulation which doesn’t allow to install underground pipe along the canal as their canals are supplying water for many cultivated lands. The department of irrigation also needs to maintain the strength and capacity of canal every year as it was supplying water for the major livelihood of the surrounding community. On the other hand, land acquisition in paddy field will impact more than the installation in the RoW. The impacts will include not only the cost of investment for project but also for the construction access road acquisition and social negotiation period on the cultivated land. Based on the results of many technical and financial feasibility studies, the authority chooses to install in the RoW for minimal impact with optimum expenditures.

Can we get the water from the pipeline? The pipeline diameter is nearly 8 feet (2400 mm). It is a main transmission underground pipeline with high pressure by gravity flow, the small outlet can’t withstand the water pressure and it would be dangerous for the nearby community. That’s why cannot allow to take the water from the pipeline. For the community water access, the project implementing authority will consider appropriate water available plans for the nearby communities such as creating a community tube well or public water tanks.

What about the structures within ROW, can get According to the ADB SPS guidelines, there will be

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Key Issue Raised YCWRP Project Response proper compensation? a plan how to address the losses of affected community.

What about the loss of income under project In the Inventory of loss (IOL) and Socio-economic construction period? survey (SES), which will collect the require data for all affected structures and loss of income. The proper respond will be provided for all affected households. But not all shops need to close under construction because some are affected just sunshades, and some are just small area and can open as before.

The main requirement for the community is Prior consideration of labor forces for local adequate water for the village. In Nyaung kone community is encouraged for the contractor. village, there is only one tube well and others are shallow wells. The water from the well is not good No gender discrimination is allowed and 30% of quality and cannot drink. For the poor HHs have women participation in proper job title is no option and drink water from the well and HHs recommended in the EMP of the IEE report and which can effort to buy drinking water, they buy since bidding process for contract awarding. purified drinking water. If the project can support the clean water from the pipeline, the community will be happy and if not please consider to support Will include their needs and concerns in the report. the tube wells for their community.

In their community, there are so many unemployment and want to get the job in the construction period.

The road from Nga Suu Taung Village to Kyar Inn The detail measurement survey will conduct Village Monastery was built by community for immediately after receiving the loan approval and transportation over 20 years ago. There was no will negotiate with the affected community for their identification for ROW and also no declaration proper compensation process. The project is still in about ROW by government sector. For the road feasibility stage and will have more consultation construction, the villagers donated their own lands before implementation start. Any grievance for their community development. At the present, condition can continue to complain along the project the houses and shops beside road are not an life span until the community satisfied the results of invasion to the ROW, they are just staying in their the negotiation. own land. Some of the houses and shops are totally affected in the 50 feet and they are landless Will document their issues and concerns in the to move. report and will consider about that in the implementation process of the project. Approximately on year 2000, township level department under Ministry of Construction, upgraded this road with tar. In conclusion there is no RoW and if the project wants to implement, need to compensate for the structures also for the land because the lands besides the road were owned by villagers.

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Table 5. Key Raised by Women Groups and the Project Response

Key Issue Raised YCWRP Project Response

The main concern is the water for daily usage. In Will describe this concern in the report for further their villages, to get the adequate water is development plan. problem for them. They want water from the project as advantage.

After the construction of Pipeline, can we According to the design of pipeline, can construct construct the structures back? just small structure but cannot plant trees and construct big structure over the pipe line.

Some shops are affected by the project may be There are plan for supporting for such cases also two third of the whole structure, so cannot open for loss of income. When the proposed project is the shops under construction. If so, how the approved, more discussion and consultations will project can helps us? come for detail.

Is there any plan to hire local labor from There is guideline for the contractor to hire local community including women? labors including female at least 30%.

Our houses are close to the road so just worry for There are instructions for the contractor to post the children under construction period. Please be warning signboards and barriers around the site sure safety especially for children. area for safety.

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Appendix 1. List of Participants in the Hlegu Township Level Meeting

No. Name Male Female Position Department

1 U Kyaw Thu Ya 1 LD YCDC

2 U Moe Zaw Win 1 Officer YCDC

3 U Tin oo 1 Officer YCDC

4 U Kyaw Min Tun 1 YCDC

5 Daw Thi Da 1 YCDC

6 Daw Lae Lae Khaing 1 YCDC

7 Daw Myint Myint Wai 1 YCDC

8 U Nay Myo Aung 1 YCDC

9 U Khin Maung Soe 1 YCDC

10 U Than Myat Soe 1 YCDC

11 U Aye Myo Min 1 YCDC

12 U than Hteik 1 YCDC

13 U Tun Naing 1 YCDC

14 U Than Han 1 Deputy YCDC Director

15 U Pyi Soe 1 AD YCDC

16 Daw Khin San Win 1 Officer YCDC

17 U Kyaw Ko Ko 1 Officer YCDC

18 U Aung Soe Win 1 YCDC

19 Daw Hteik Hteik Khaing 1 YCDC

20 U Myint Kyaw 1

21 U Kyaw Soe 1

22 U Khin Maung Lwin 1

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No. Name Male Female Position Department

23 U Han Soe 1

24 U Tin Aye 1

25 U Hla Tun 1

26 U Win Naing Oo 1

27 U Soe Win 1

28 U Sai Zayar Min 1

29 U Thet Aung Tun 1

30 U Sai Min Aung 1

31 U Myint Tun 1

32 U Myo Min Aung 1

33 U Thein Min Soe 1

34 U Win Min Oo 1

35 U Win Shwe 1

36 Daw Khin Yu Maw 1

37 Daw Myint Myint Htay 1

38 Daw San San Aye 1

39 Daw Yee Khaing 1

40 U Khin Kywe 1

41 U Than Toe Aung 1

42 U Tin Naing 1

43 U Than Naing 1

44 U Hla Soe 1

45 U Thein Htay 1

46 U Maung Han 1

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No. Name Male Female Position Department

47 Daw Hla New 1

48 Daw Thi Thi Hlaing 1

49 Daw San San Shwe 1

50 U Aung Tun Win 1

51 U Myint Zaw Tun 1 Agri/Irrigation

52 U Thant Zin Win 1 Land Record

53 U Min Lwin Oo 1

Total 41 12

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Appendix 1a Attendance Sheet for Participants in the Hlegu Township Level Meeting

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Appendix 2. Participants in Focus Group Meetings

Appendix 2.1. Owners of Affected Houses/Shops FGD, Hpaung Gyi West Village Tract (Hpaung Gyi west Village,Yay Twin Kone Village,Hpa Yar Kone Village)

Day/Time Venue Activity Resource Person 5.12.2019 Hpa Yar Kone Village Presentation about Daw Thel Su Wai Aung 10:00 am Monastery, Hpaung Engineering Design Design Engineer Gyi West village Tract Presentation about Dr. Zin Mar Lwin Environmental Safeguards National Environmental Safeguard Specialist Presentation about Social Daw Zar Chi Win Thein Safeguards National Social Safeguard Specialist Open Discussion All Participants

Appendix 2.1a List of Participants List: Focus Group Discussion Participants (House Owner and Shop Owner) – (Hpaung Gyi West Village Tract (Hpaung Gyi west Village,Yay Twin Kone Village,Hpa Yar Kone Village))

No. Name Male Femal e

1 U Chit Lwin 1

2 U Tin Tun 1

3 U Htay Lwin 1

4 Daw Khin Mar Kyi 1

5 U Min Aung 1

6 U Min Zaw Htwe 1

7 Daw Win Kyi 1

8 U Htin LIIN Kyaw 1

9 U Khin Win 1

10 Daw Mya Aye 1

11 Daw Khin San aswai 1

12 Daw Hla Oo 1

13 U Thein Soe 1

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14 U Win Swe 1

15 Daw May Myat Mon 1

16 Ma Htar Wutt Yee 1

17 U Myo Theain Naing 1

18 U Maung Zin 1

19 U Tin Aye 1

20 U Aung Naing 1

21 U Aung Ko Latt 1

22 U Win Htay 1 23 U Kyin Maung 1

24 U Thein Myint 1

25 U Than Win 1

26 U Hla Win 1

27 Daw Yee yee Win 1

28 Daw Mya Than 1

29 Daw Than Than Shint 1

30 Daw Mya 1

31 Daw San Myint 1

32 Daw Aye Myaing 1

33 U Hla Than 1

34 U Than Naing 1

35 Daw Tin Ohan 1

Total 21 14

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Appendix 2.1b. Attendance Sheets: Focus Group Discussion ((House Owner and Shop Owner (Hpaung Gyi West Village Tract (Hpaung Gyi west Village,Yay Twin Kone Village,Hpa Yar Kone Village).

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Appendix 2.2. Women Focus Group Discussion - (Hpaung Gyi West Village Tract (Hpaung Gyi west Village,Yay Twin Kone Village,Hpa Yar Kone Village))

Day/Time Venue Activity Resource Person

5.12.2019 Hpa Yar Kone Presentation about Daw Thel Su Wai 1:00 pm Village Monastery, Engineering Design Aung Hpaung Gyi West Design Engineer village Tract Presentation about Dr. Zin Mar Lwin Environmental National Safeguards Environmental Safeguard Specialist Presentation about Daw Zar Chi Win Social Safeguards Thein National Social Safeguard Specialist Open Discussion All Participants

Appendix 2.2a. List of Participants: Women Focus Group Discussion ((Hpaung Gyi West Village Tract (Hpaung Gyi west Village,Yay Twin Kone Village,Hpa Yar Kone Village))

No. Name Fem ale

1 Ma May Thaw Aung 1

2 Ma Soe Myat Mon 1

3 Daw Tin Aye 1

4 Daw Myint Yee 1

5 Ma Mee Mee Khaing 1

6 Ma Thi Thi Khaing 1

7 Daw San San New 1

8 Daw Hla 1

9 Daw Cho Pyone 1

10 Daw Myint Sann 1

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11 Ma Mar Mar Myint 1

12 Ma Aye Aye Win 1

13 Daw Thi Dar 1

14 Ma Aye Thidar 1

15 Daw San San Htay 1

16 Daw Myint Mayint Wai 1

17 Daw Aye Aye Lwin 1

18 Daw Yin Myint 1

19 Daw Win Htay 1

20 Ma Phyu Mar Win 1

21 Daw San Myint 1

Total 21

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Appendix 2.2b. Attendance Sheets: Women Focus Group Discussion (Hpaung Gyi West Village Tract (Hpaung Gyi west Village,Yay Twin Kone Village,Hpa Yar Kone Village)

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Appendix.2.3. Owners of Affected Houses/Shops Focus Group Discussions ( iku Village, Hiku Village Tract (Hiku Village, U Yin wa Village, Gyoth Kone Village))

Day/Time Venue Activity Resource Person

6.12.2019 Hpa Yar Kone Presentation about Daw Thel Su Wai Aung 10:00 am Village Monastery, Engineering Design Design Engineer Hpaung Gyi West village Tract Presentation about Dr. Zin Mar Lwin Environmantal Safeguards National Environmental Safeguard Specialist Presentation about Social Daw Zar Chi Win Thein Safeguards National Social Safeguard Specialist

Open Discussion All Participants

Appendix.2.3a. - List of Participants: Owners of Affected Houses/Shops Focus Group Discussion ((Hiku Village, Hiku Village Tract (Hiku Village, U Yin wa Village, Gyoth Kone Village)).

No. Name Male Female

1 U Win Myat Soe 1

2 U Zaw Zaw 1

3 U Aung Kyaw Soe 1

4 U Naing Naing Aung 1

5 U Win Ko 1

6 U Nyi Nyi 1

7 U Ohan Nyan 1

8 U Min Sein 1

9 Daw Khin Yu Maw 1

10 Daw Myint Myint Htay 1

11 Daw Myint Myint Oo 1

12 Daw San San Aye 1

13 Daw New New Oo 1

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14 Daw San Yu 1

15 Daw Lae Lae Win 1

16 Daw Than Than Soe 1

17 Daw Hnin Yu Aung 1

18 Daw San San Ngwe 1

19 Daw New New Win 1

20 Daw Wah Wah Naing 1

21 U Tin Lin Lin Htet 1

Total 9 12

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Appendix.2.3b. Attendance Sheets: Owners of Affected Houses/Shops Focus Group Discussion ( Hiku Village, Hiku Village Tract (Hiku Village, U Yin wa Village, Gyoth Kone Village)

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Appendix 2.4. Women Focus Group, Hiku Village, Hiku Village Tract (Hiku Village, U Yin wa Village, Gyoth Kone Village)

Day/Time Venue Activity Resource Person

6.12.2019 Hpa Yar Kone Presentation about Daw Thel Su Wai Aung 1:00 pm Village Monastery, Engineering Design Design Engineer Hpaung Gyi West village Tract Presentation about Dr. Zin Mar Lwin Environmantal National Environmental Safeguards Safeguard Specialist Presentation about Social Daw Zar Chi Win Thein Safeguards National Social Safeguard Specialist Open Discussion All Participants

Appendix 2.4. List of Participants: Women Focus Group (Hiku Village, Hiku Village Tract (Hiku Village, U Yin wa Village, Gyoth Kone Village)

No. Name Female

1 Daw Khin Yu Maw 1

2 Daw Myint Myint Htay 1

3 Daw Myint Myint Oo 1

4 Daw San San Aye 1

5 Daw New New Oo 1

6 Daw San Yu 1

7 Daw Lae Lae Win 1

8 Daw Than Than Soe 1

9 Daw Hnin Yu Aung 1

10 Daw San San Ngwe 1

11 Daw New New Win 1

12 Daw Wah Wah Naing 1

Total 12

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Appendix 2.4. Attendance Sheets: Women Focus Group Discussion ((Hiku Village, Hiku Village Tract (Hiku Village, U Yin wa Village, Gyoth Kone Village))

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Appendix 2.5. Owners of Affected Houses/Shops Focus Group Discussion – (Nyaung Kone Village, Nanti Village Tract (Nyaung Kone Village)

Day/Time Venue Activity Resource Person

7.12.2019 Hpa Yar Kone Presentation about Daw Thel Su Wai Aung 10:00 am Village Monastery, Engineering Design Design Engineer Hpaung Gyi West village Tract Presentation about Dr. Zin Mar Lwin Environmantal National Environmental Safeguards Safeguard Specialist Presentation about Social Daw Zar Chi Win Thein Safeguards National Social Safeguard Specialist

Open Discussion All Participants

Appendix 2.5. List of Participants: Owners of Affected Houses/Shops Focus Group Discussion ((Nyaung Kone Village, Nanti Village Tract (Nyaung Kone Village))

No. Name Male Female

1 Daw Khin Myo Win 1

2 Daw Nyo Lay 1

3 Daw Aye Aye Mar 1

4 Daw Than Oo 1

5 Daw Than dar Oo 1

6 Daw Aye Hlaing 1

7 Daw Myint Swe 1

8 Daw Zin Mar Phyo 1

9 Daw Marlar Win 1

10 Daw Thay Thay 1

11 Daw Myint San 1

12 Daw San San Aye 1

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13 Daw Htay San 1

14 Dwa Aye San 1

15 Daw Aye Aye Win 1

16 Daw Mya Mya Moe 1

17 Daw Thin Thin Aye 1

18 Daw New New Oo 1

19 U Soe Moe Win 1

20 U Soe Nyein 1

21 U Nyi Win Htun 1

22 U Han Win 1

23 Daw Kyin Htwe 1

24 U Win Shwe 1

Total 5 19

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Appendix 2.5b. Attendance Sheets: Owners of Affected Houses/Shops Focus Group Discussion (Nyaung Kone Village, Nanti Village Tract (Nyaung Kone Village)

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Appendix 2.6. Owners of Affected Houses/Shops Focus Group Discussion – (Ngar Su TaungVillage (Ngar Su taung Village Tract, Kyar Inn Village ( Kyar Inn Village Tract))

Day/Time Venue Activity Resource Person

7.12.2019 Hpa Yar Kone Presentation about Daw Thel Su Wai Aung 2:00 pm Village Monastery, Engineering Design Design Engineer Hpaung Gyi West village Tract Presentation about Dr. Zin Mar Lwin Environmantal National Environmental Safeguards Safeguard Specialist Presentation about Social Daw Zar Chi Win Thein Safeguards National Social Safeguard Specialist

Open Discussion All Participants

Appendix 2.6. List of Participants: Owners of Affected Houses/Shops Focus Group Discussion (Ngar Su TaungVillage (Ngar Su taung Village Tract, Kyar Inn Village ( Kyar Inn Village Tract))

No. Name Male Female

1 U Soe Win 1

2 U Myint Kyaw 1

3 U Sein Than 1

4 U Nyunt Wai 1

5 U Kar Luu 1

6 U Zaw Win 1

7 U Myint Maung 1

8 U Khin Maung Swe 1

9 U Hla Soe 1

10 U Maung Cho 1

11 Daw Than Than Oo 1

12 Daw The The 1

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13 Daw Ni Ni 1

14 Daw Tin Tin Cho 1

15 Daw Tin Mar Oo 1

16 Daw Aye Myat Naing 1

17 Daw Mya Win 1

18 Daw Kyi Kyi Win 1

19 U Zaw Min Tun 1

20 U NyaNa Kin Htay 1

21 U Sai Zayar Min 1

22 U Thet Aung Tun 1

Total 14 8

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Appendix 2.6. Attendance Sheets:Owners of Affected Houses/Shops Focus Group Discussion ((Ngar Su TaungVillage (Ngar Su taung Village Tract, Kyar Inn Village ( Kyar Inn Village Tract))

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Appendix 3. Photographs of the Consultations

Public Consultation Meeting Photos

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YCDC Presentation about project description Technical Engineer Presentation about project description

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Environment Specialist Presentation about Social&resettlement Specialist Presentation Environment Safeguards policy about Social Safeguards policy

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The villager discussed about project YCDC explained about project to respondent

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Photos (Hpaung Gyii West Village Tract)

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Focus Group Discussion with House Focus Group Discussion with House and and shops shops

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Focus Group Discussion with Women Focus Group Discussion with Women

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Photos (Nanti Village Tract)

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Focus Group Discussion with House and shop Focus Group Discussion with House and shop owners owners

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Focus Group Discussion with House and Focus Group Discussion with House and shop shop owners owners

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Photos (Ngar Su Taung VT & Kyar Inn VT)

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The image part with relationshi

Focus Group Discussion with House and shop Focus Group Discussion with House and shop owners owners

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Focus Group Discussion with House and shop Focus Group Discussion with House and shop owners owners

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Photos (Hiku VT)

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Focus Group Discussion with House and Focus Group Discussion with House and shop owners shop owners

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Focus Group Discussion with Women Focus Group Discussion with Women

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ANNEX 3 ADB MONITORING TEMPLATE

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Annex 3. ADB Monitoring Template (Source: ADB)

TEMPLATE/FORMAT

Environmental and Social Safeguard Monitoring Report (ESSMR)

Summary:

(to be included as part of the main Report)

 Summary of EMP/RP Implementation  Description of monitoring activities carried out (e.g. field visits, survey questionnaire, public consultation meetings, focus group discussions, etc)  Key issues, any corrective actions already taken, and any grievances  Recommendations

Safeguards Monitoring Report

(to be included in the annex/appendix of the main Report)

1. Introduction and Project Overview

Project Number and Title:

Environment

Safeguards Indigenous Peoples Category Involuntary Resettlement

Reporting period:

Last report date:

This section can include, among others, the following: Key sub-project activities since last  Activities of Proponent report:  Progress of Work (% physical completion)  Changes of Surrounding Environment  Status of Permits / Consents Report prepared by:

2. Environmental Performance Monitoring

a. Summary of Compliance with EMAP Requirements (Environmental Performance) Comment or EMAP Requirements Compliance Status Issues for Further Reasons for Non-

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(Yes, No, Partial) Compliance Action

Use environmental Use EMoP list as impact as main basis for heading and EMAP rating/evaluating as listing (see compliance (see example below) example below)

 Field inspections Rise of employment and interviews opportunities: with communities - DONE  Job openings of  Note each the project should complaint case in give priority to the field – 3

local communities. COMPLAINTS  Recruitment of RECEIVED local laborers  Set up grievance should be centre and report stipulated in the as part of contract for monitoring action construction plan – NOT DONE

b. Issues for Further Action Responsibility and Issue Required Action Resolution Timing

Old Issues from Previous Reports

List of EMoP measures or activities not completed (last column of previous table)

New Issues from This Report

c. Other activities  Other issues not covered by EMAP/EMoP  Environmental monitoring as required by GOI (e.g., air quality, water sampling)

3. Involuntary Resettlement Performance Monitoring

a. Summary of Compliance with RP Requirements

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Comment or Reasons for Compliance, Compliance Issues for Further RP Requirements Partial status Action6 Compliance/Non- Yes/No/Partial Compliance

Establishment of personnel in PMU/PMU

Provide information on:

 Public consultation, participation activities carried Public consultation and out

socialization process  Inclusive dates of these activities

To be elaborated on in Item 5

Land area to be acquired is identified and finalised

Land acquisition

completed

Please state:

 Number of AHs to be relocated as per agreed RP  Number of AHs Establishment of already relocated Resettlement Site(s)  Number of houses built  Status of installation of community facilities to be provided as per agreed RP Please state: Compensation payments for affected  Total Number of

6 To be elaborated further in table 3.b (Issues for Further Action)

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assets is completed Eligible AHs and APs (as per agreed RP)  Number of AHs and APs compensated as of this monitoring period  Total Budget allocation as per agreed RP  Total budget disbursed to AHs as of this monitoring period Transport assistance for relocating affected As above households

Please state:

 Total Number of vulnerable AHs and APs (as per agreed Additional assistance to RP) vulnerable affected  Agreed forms of household assistance as per RP  Number of AHs and APs assisted as of this monitoring period Please state progress per income restoration Income Restoration feature/activity and Program actual period of implementation

Please state:

 Total Number of Temporary impacts AHs affected by have been addressed temporary impacts (affected properties as per agreed RP restored to at least pre-  Actual Number of project conditions) AHs and total area affected by temporary impacts (if this differs from the projected

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number, such as in cases of unforeseen project impacts)  Status of restoring affected property Capacity building activities

b. Issues for Further Action Responsibility and Issue Required Action Resolution Timing

Old Issues from Previous Reports

List of RP activities not completed (last column of previous table)

New Issues from This Report

4. Occupational, Health and Safety (OHS) Performance Monitoring

a. OHS for worker Responsibility and Issue Required Action Resolution Timing

Old Issues from Previous Reports

New Issues from This Report

b. Public Safety Responsibility and Issue Required Action Resolution Timing

Old Issues from Previous Reports

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New Issues from This Report

5. Information Disclosure and Socialization including Capability Building

 Field Visits (sites visited, dates, persons met)  Public Consultations and meetings (Date; time; location; agenda; number of participants disaggregated by sex and ethnic group, not including project staff; Issues raised by participants and how these were addressed by the project team)  Training (Nature of training, number of participants disaggregated by gender and ethnicity, date, location, etc.)  Press/Media Releases  Material development/production (e.g., brochure, leaflet, posters)

6. Grievance Redress Mechanism

Summary:

 Number of new grievances, if any, since last monitoring period: ____  Number of grievances resolved: _____  Number of outstanding grievances: _____

Details Required Action, Type of Grievance (Date, person, Responsibility and Resolution address, contact Timing details, etc.)

Old Issues from Previous Reports

New Issues from This Report

7. Conclusion  Important results from the implementation of EMAP/EMoP and RP monitoring  Recommendations to improve EMAP/EMoP and RP management, implementation, and monitoring 8. Attachments  Consents / permits  Monitoring data (water quality, air quality, etc.)  Photographs  Maps

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