Initial Environmental Examination March 2020 MYA: Yangon City Water Resilience Project Prepared by the Yangon City Development Committee for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. i CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 10 March 2020) Currency unit – kyat (MMK) MMK 1.00 = $ 0.00073 $1.00 = MMK 1,366.49 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 day) CC climate change CDIA Cities Development Initiative for Asia COD chemical oxygen demand CSE construction supervision engineer D&B design & build DBO design-build and operate EA environmental assessment ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECD Environmental Conservation Department EDWS Engineering Department Water and Sanitation EHS Environmental Health and Safety EIA environmental impact assessment EMP environmental management plan EQEG Myanmar Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines FS feasibility study GAD Government Administrative Department GIS geographical information system GDP gross domestic product GEF Global Environmental Facility GESIAP gender equity and social inclusion action plan IC implementation consultant ICSS Implementation Consultant Safeguards Specialist IEE initial environmental examination IFC International Finance Corporation IP indigenous people JICA Japanese International Cooperation Agency MLD million liters per day MONREC Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation MWL mean water level NGO non-government organization NRW non-revenue water O & M operations & maintenance PAM project administration manual PCCD Pollution Control and Cleaning Department PEM PMU ESHS Manager PMU project management unit PPS project preparation study PS pumping station RAP Resettlement Action Plan RCCP reinforced concrete cylinder pipes SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SS suspended solids TA technical assistance TL team leader TOR terms of reference T-N total Nitrogen T-P total phosphorus TSS total suspended solids UCCRTF Urban Climate Change Resilience Trust Fund UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNFCC United Nations Framework on Climate Change UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD United States Dollar WB World Bank WRWSA Water Resources and Water Supply Agency WS water supply WTP (Drinking) Water Treatment Plant WW wastewater WWTP wastewater treatment plant YCDC Yangon City Development Committee YCWRP Yangon City Water Resilience Project YRG Yangon Region Government NOTE In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. TABLE OF CONTENTS အစီရင်ခံစာအကျးချပ် EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Description of the Project Proponent 1 1.2 Endorsement of the IEE 2 1.2.1 Commitment of the Project Proponent 2 1.2.2 Commitment of the IEE Consultant 3 1.3 Rationale and Structure of the Environmental Assessment Process 5 1.4 Purpose of IEE 6 1.5 Report Organization 6 2 POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL & LEGAL FRAMEWORK 7 2.1 ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (2009) 7 2.2 Myanmar National Safeguards Framework 7 2.2.1 Rapid Historical Background 7 2.2.2 Background of Laws and Regulations 7 2.2.3 Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines 8 2.2.4 National EIA Requirements and Framework 11 2.2.5 Sectoral Environmental Laws and Regulations 12 2.2.6 International Agreements 14 2.3 Project Categorization 15 2.3.1 Screening Under the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) 15 2.3.2 Screening under Myanmar EIA Procedure (2019) 15 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 16 3.1 Project Description 16 3.1.1 Project Rationale and Background 16 3.1.2 General Overview of the Project 17 3.1.3 New 818MLD Water intake 17 3.1.4 Pumping Station 20 3.1.5 818MLD Pressure Main Pipeline 21 3.1.6 818MLD Open Channel Tunnel 24 3.1.7 818MLD Gravity Pipeline and Delivery System to Nyaunghnapin 24 3.2 Schedule 28 4 BASELINE SITUATION 29 4.1 Regional Geology, Soils and Seismicity 29 4.2 Climate 30 4.2.1 Rainfall 30 4.2.2 Temperature 31 4.2.3 Wind 32 4.2.4 Humidity 33 4.3 Climate Change 33 4.3.1 Forecasted Trends in Yangon Region 33 4.4 Water Resources 35 4.5 Air Quality 37 4.6 Noise Level Survey 39 4.7 Water Quality 39 4.8 Biological Environment 42 4.9 Protected Areas, Sensitive Ecology and Biodiversity 44 4.10 Social and Cultural Baseline 50 4.10.1 Administrative Organization 50 4.10.2 Population 50 4.10.3 Education in Hlegu Township 51 4.10.4 Public Health 52 4.10.5 Socio-economic survey of Project Area 52 4.10.6 Water supply 53 4.10.7 Sanitation 53 4.10.8 Solid Waste management 53 5 IMPACT ANALYSIS 54 5.1 Methodology 54 5.2 Anticipated Benefits from the Project 55 5.3 Impacts related to Project Location 56 5.3.1 Impacts on Land Acquisition and Resettlement 56 5.3.2 Impacts from Climate Change 58 5.3.3 Impacts on Vegetation 60 5.3.4 Impacts on Cultural Resources 65 5.3.5 Public Utilities 69 5.3.6 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures 74 5.4 Impacts and Mitigation during Construction Stage 81 5.4.1 Solid Waste 81 5.4.2 Hazardous Material and Accidental Spills 83 5.4.3 Emergency Preparedness and Response 85 5.4.4 Soil Resources 85 5.4.5 Water Resources 88 5.4.6 Workers Camps 89 5.4.7 Public Health Management 90 5.4.8 Occupational Health and Safety 90 5.4.9 Air Quality 93 5.4.10 Noise and Vibration 94 5.4.11 Concrete Pipe Fabrication Plan and Concrete Batching Plant. 96 5.4.12 Sourcing of Construction Materials 98 5.4.13 Transport of Materials 98 5.4.14 Traffic and Public Safety 100 5.4.15 Cultural Resources 101 5.4.16 Site Cleaning and Rehabilitation Plan 103 5.4.17 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures 104 5.5 Impacts during Operation Stage 111 5.5.1 Impacts on Urban Environment and Quality of Life 111 5.5.2 Impacts on Water Resources 111 5.5.3 Impact on Water Treatment Plant and Pumping Station 112 5.5.4 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures 112 6 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 115 7 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION 121 7.1 Consultation and Public Participation Process 121 7.2 Consultation Meetings 121 7.2.1 Stakeholder Meeting (on 3rd April 2019) 121 7.2.2 Consultation Meeting (on 28th June 2019) 122 7.3 Public Consultations during December 2019 123 7.4 Future Consultations during Implementation 124 7.5 Disclosure 125 8 GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM 126 8.1 Proposed Mechanism 126 8.2 Implementation Steps and Timeframe 127 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 128 9.1 Purpose and Objectives 128 9.2 Summary of Key Impacts 129 9.3 Institutional Arrangements 129 9.3.1 Overall Organization, Roles and Responsibilities 129 9.3.2 Environmental Staffing Requirements 132 9.3.3 Required Reporting Requirements 132 9.4 Action Plan Prior to Construction Works (PPA) 133 9.4.1 PPA-01: Appointment of the PMU-ESHS Manager (PEM) 133 9.4.2 PPA-02: ESHS Capacity Building of PMU 133 9.4.3 PPA-03: Capacity Building on Health and Safety 133 9.4.4 PPA-04: Preparation of Communication Instruments 134 9.4.5 PPA-05: Preparation of Contractor ESHS Specifications 134 9.4.6 PPA-06: Preparation of Contractor ESHS Management Plan 135 9.5 Action Plan during Construction (PAC) 135 9.5.1 PAC-01: Solid Waste Management 136 9.5.2 PAC-02: Hazardous Substances Management 137 9.5.3 PAC-03: Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan 138 9.5.4 PAC-04: Erosion and Sediment Control 138 9.5.5 PAC-05: Management of Worker Camps 138 9.5.6 PAC-06: Public Health Management Plan 139 9.5.7 PAC-07: Occupational Health and Safety Plan 140 9.5.8 PAC-08: Recruitment and Labor Management 140 9.5.9 PAC-09: Management of Air Quality and Dust 141 9.5.10 PAC-10: Noise and Vibration Management 141 9.5.11 PAC-11: Concrete Plant Management 142 9.5.12 PAC -12 Prior Approval of Sources of Construction Materials 143 9.5.13 PAC-13: Spoil Disposal Management Plan 143 9.5.14 PAC-14: Management of Road Traffic and Site Access 144 9.5.15 PAC-15: Transport of Materials Management. 144 9.5.16 PAC-16: Protection of Cultural Resources 145 9.5.17 PAC-17 ESHS Training Plan 145 9.5.18 PAC-18: ESHS Supervision of Construction Activities 146 9.5.19 PAC-19: Site Cleaning and Rehabilitation Plan 147 9.6 Construction Environmental Quality Monitoring 148 9.6.1 PAC-21: Air Quality and Noise Monitoring (PMU) 148 9.6.2 PAC-22: Water Quality Monitoring (PMU) 148 9.7 Action Plan for Operation stage 149 9.7.1 PAE-01: Water Quality Monitoring 149 9.7.2 PAE-02: Replantation Monitoring 150 9.8 Cost of Environmental Impact Prevention, Mitigation and Monitoring 150 10 CONCLUSIONS 153 List of Annexes Annex 1 Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) 158 Annex 2 Public Consultations 164 Annex 3 ADB Monitoring Template 217 List of Supplementary Appendices Supplementary Appendix 1: Resettlement Plan Supplementary Appendix 2: Climate Change Assessment Supplementary Appendix 3: Air, Noise and Water Quality Survey Report Supplementary Appendix 4: Ngamoeyeik Reservoir Simulation Component List Figures Figure 1.