Propagation of acoustic waves in a fluid-filled pipe with periodic elastic Helmholtz resonators
Dian-Long Yu(郁殿龙), Hui-Jie Shen(沈惠杰), Jiang-Wei Liu(刘江伟), Jian-Fei Yin(尹剑飞), Zhen-Fang Zhang(张振方), Ji-Hong Wen(温激鸿) Citation:Chin. Phys. B . 2018, 27(6): 064301. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/27/6/064301
Journal homepage: http://cpb.iphy.ac.cn; http://iopscience.iop.org/cpb
What follows is a list of articles you may be interested in
Membrane-based acoustic metamaterial with near-zero refractive index
Yi-Feng Li(李义丰), Jun Lan(蓝君), Hui-Yang Yu(余辉洋), Xiao-Zhou Liu(刘晓宙), Jia-Shu Zhang(张嘉澍) Chin. Phys. B . 2017, 26(1): 014302. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/26/1/014302
Low band gap frequencies and multiplexing properties in 1D and 2D mass spring structures
Arafa H Aly, Ahmed Mehaney Chin. Phys. B . 2016, 25(11): 114301. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/25/11/114301
Wave propagation in beams with anti-symmetric piezoelectric shunting arrays
Sheng-Bing Chen(陈圣兵), Gang Wang(王刚) Chin. Phys. B . 2016, 25(3): 034301. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/25/3/034301
Mechanical properties of GaxIn1-xAsyP1-y/GaAs systemat different temperatures and pressures
A. R. Degheidy, E. B. Elkenany Chin. Phys. B . 2015, 24(9): 094302. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/24/9/094302
Acoustic scattering from a submerged cylindrical shell coated with locally resonant acoustic metamaterials
Li Li, Wen Ji-Hong, Cai Li, Zhao Hong-Gang, Wen Xi-Sen Chin. Phys. B . 2013, 22(1): 014301. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/22/1/014301
------
Chinese Physics B (¥¥¥IIIÔÔÔnnn B)
Published monthly in hard copy by the Chinese Physical Society and online by IOP Publishing, Temple Circus, Temple Way, Bristol BS1 6HG, UK Institutional subscription information: 2018 volume For all countries, except the United States, Canada and Central and South America, the subscription rate per annual volume is UK£974 (electronic only) or UK£1063 (print + electronic). Delivery is by air-speeded mail from the United Kingdom. Orders to: Journals Subscription Fulfilment, IOP Publishing, Temple Circus, Temple Way, Bristol BS1 6HG, UK For the United States, Canada and Central and South America, the subscription rate per annual volume is US$1925 (electronic only) or US$2100 (print + electronic). Delivery is by transatlantic airfreight and onward mailing. Orders to: IOP Publishing, P. O. Box 320, Congers, NY 10920-0320, USA c 2018 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Supported by the China Association for Science and Technology and Chinese Academy of Sciences Editorial Office: Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China Tel: (86 - 10) 82649026 or 82649519, Fax: (86 - 10) 82649027, E-mail: [email protected] Ì+ü : ¥I‰Æ ISÚ˜rÒ: ISSN 1674–1056 Ì•ü : ¥IÔnƬڥI‰ÆÔnïĤ ISÚ˜rÒ: CN 11–5639/O4 Ì ?: î¨ð ?6Ü/Œ: ® ¥'~ ¥I‰ÆÔnïĤS Ñ ‡: ¥IÔnƬ Ï Õ / Œ: 100190 ® 603 &‡
Published by the Chinese Physical Society Advisory Board Prof. Academician Chen Jia-Er(•Z) School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Prof. Academician Feng Duan(¾à) Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Prof. Academician T. D. Lee(o) Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA Prof. Academician Samuel C. C. Ting(¶ï¥) LEP3, CERN, CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland Prof. Academician C. N. Yang( w) Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New York, USA Prof. Academician Yang Fu-Jia( 4[) Department of Nuclear Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China Prof. Academician Zhou Guang-Zhao China Association for Science and Technology, Beijing 100863, China (Chou Kuang-Chao)(±1ð) Prof. Academician Wang Nai-Yan( D) China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China Prof. Academician Liang Jing-Kui(ù¹À) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Editor-in-Chief Prof. Academician Ouyang Zhong-Can(î¨ð) Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Associate Editors Prof. Academician Zhao Zhong-Xian(ë§p) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Academician Yang Guo-Zhen( I) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Academician Zhang Jie(Ü#) Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China Prof. Academician Xing Ding-Yu(0½•) Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Prof. Academician Shen Bao-Gen(!Š) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Academician Gong Qi-Huang(÷á˜) School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Prof. Academician Xue Qi-Kun(ÅÙ%) Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Prof. Sheng Ping(!²) The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Editorial Board Prof. David Andelman School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel Prof. Academician Chen Xian-Hui(•lŸ) Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China Prof. Cheng Jian-Chun(§ïS) School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Prof. Chia-Ling Chien Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA Prof. Dai Xi(•F) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Ding Jun(¶) Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore Prof. Masao Doi Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan Prof. Fang Zhong(•§) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Feng Shi-Ping(¾•²) Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Prof. Academician Gao Hong-Jun(põ ) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Gu Chang-Zhi(•“) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Gu Min(¯) Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia Prof. Academician Guo Guang-Can(H1ð) School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China Prof. Academician He Xian-Tu(åpè) Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China Prof. Werner A. Hofer Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK Prof. Hong Ming-Hui(ö²Ÿ) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore Prof. Hu Gang(k) Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Prof. Jiang Hong-Wen(ñø©) Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Prof. Jiang Ying(ôL) School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Prof. Jin Xiao-Feng(7¡¸) Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China Prof. Robert J. Joynt Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA Prof. Jaewan Kim Korea Institute for Advanced Study, School of Computational Sciences, Hoegiro 85, Seoul 02455, Korea Prof. Academician Li Ru-Xin(oV#) Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China Prof. Li Xiao-Guang(o¡1) Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China Assits. Prof. Liu Chao-Xing(4Š() Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802-6300, USA Prof. Liu Xiang-Yang(4•) Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China Prof. Liu Ying(4F) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China Prof. Long Gui-Lu(9?°) Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Prof. Lv Li(½å) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Ma Xu-Cun(êR~) Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Prof. Antonio H. Castro Neto Physics Department, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore Prof. Nie Yu-Xin(mŒl) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Niu Qian(Ú^) Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA Prof. Academician Ouyang Qi(îÜ) School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Prof. Academician Pan Jian-Wei(ï•) Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China Prof. Amalia Patane School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK Prof. Qian Lie-Jia(a\) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China Prof. J. Y. Rhee Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea Prof. Shen Jian(!è) Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China Prof. Shen Yuan-Rang(!1) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Prof. Shen Zhi-Xun(!“Ê) Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4045, USA Prof. Academician Sun Chang-Pu(šâ) Beijing Computational Science Research Center, China Academy of Engineer- ing Physics, Beijing 100094, China Prof. Sun Xiao-Wei(š¥) Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China Prof. Sun Xiu-Dong(šDÁ) Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China Prof. Michiyoshi Tanaka Research Institute for Scientic Measurements, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku 980, Sendai, Japan Prof. Tong Li-Min(Ö|¬) Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China Prof. Tong Penger(Ö$) Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Prof. Wang Bo-Gen( ËŠ) School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Prof. Wang Kai-You( ml) Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China Prof. Wang Wei( è) School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Prof. Wang Ya-Yu( æy) Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Prof. Wang Yu-Peng( Œ+) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Wang Zhao-Zhong( ï¥) Laboratory for Photonics and Nanostructures (LPN) CNRS–UPR20, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France Prof. Academician Wang Wei-Hua(¥u) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Wei Su-Huai(Ÿ€•) Beijing Computational Science Research Center, China Academy of Engineer- ing Physics, Beijing 100094, China Prof. Wen Hai-Hu(ª°m) Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Prof. Wu Nan-Jian(ÇHè) Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China Prof. Academician Xia Jian-Bai(gïx) Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China Prof. Academician Xiang Tao(•7) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Academician Xie Si-Shen()g ) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Academician Xie Xin-Cheng( %©) Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Prof. Academician Xu Zhi-Zhan(M–Ð) Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China Assist. Prof. Xu Cen-Ke(N®Y) Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA Prof. Academician Ye Chao-Hui(“ŠŸ) Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China Prof. Ye Jun(“) Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309- 0440, USA Prof. Yu Ming-Yang(•²) Theoretical Physics I, Ruhr University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany Prof. Academician Zhan Wen-Long(É©9) Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China Prof. Zhang Fu-Chun(ÜLS) Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Zhang Xiang(Ü‹) NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Prof. Zhang Yong(Ü]) Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA Prof. Zhang Zhen-Yu(܉) International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China Prof. Zeng Hao(QÓ) Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA Prof. Zheng Bo(xÅ) Physics Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China Prof. Zhou Xing-Jiang(±,ô) Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Prof. Academician Zhu Bang-Fen(Á•¥) Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Editorial Staff Wang Jiu-Li( Èw) (Editorial Director) Cai Jian-Wei(éï•) Zhai Zhen(+) Chin. Phys. B Vol. 27, No. 6 (2018) 064301
Propagation of acoustic waves in a fluid-filled pipe with periodic elastic Helmholtz resonators∗
Dian-Long Yu(郁殿龙)1,†, Hui-Jie Shen(沈惠杰)2, Jiang-Wei Liu(刘江伟)1, Jian-Fei Yin(尹剑飞), Zhen-Fang Zhang(张振方)1, and Ji-Hong Wen(温激鸿)1
1Laboratory of Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China 2College of Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China
(Received 1 January 2018; revised manuscript received 27 March 2018; published online 10 May 2018)
Helmholtz resonators are widely used to reduce noise in a fluid-filled pipe system. It is a challenge to obtain low- frequency and broadband attenuation with a small sized cavity. In this paper, the propagation of acoustic waves in a fluid-filled pipe system with periodic elastic Helmholtz resonators is studied theoretically. The resonance frequency and sound transmission loss of one unit are analyzed to validate the correctness of simplified acoustic impedance. The band structure of infinite periodic cells and sound transmission loss of finite periodic cells are calculated by the transfer matrix method and finite element software. The effects of several parameters on band gap and sound transmission loss are probed. Further, the negative bulk modulus of periodic cells with elastic Helmholtz resonators is analyzed. Numerical results show that the acoustic propagation properties in the periodic pipe, such as low frequency, broadband sound transmission, can be improved.
Keywords: acoustic metamaterial, band gap, sound transmission loss, elastic Helmholtz resonator, noise con- trol PACS: 43.40.+s, 47.35.Lf, 62.60.+v DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/27/6/064301
1. Introduction ity. Additionally, sound transmission loss (STL) of an HR in a fluid-filled piping system has been investigated.[3,10] However, Piping systems with fluid loading are frequently encoun- for wide frequency band noise control, there is more work that tered in engineering, such as in heat exchanger tubes, main steam pipes, and hot/cold leg pipes in nuclear steam supply needs to be done. It is a challenge to obtain a low-frequency systems, oil pipelines, pump discharge lines, marine risers, and broadband gap with a small sized HR in the fluid-filled etc.[1,2] The vibration and noise in a piping system can affect piping system. the precision of the system control and the normal work func- Recently, artificially designed periodic acoustic materi- tions of downstream equipment.[3] Fortunately, this noise can als/structures, referred to as phononic crystals or acoustic be sufficiently reduced to a level of the noise from other au- metamaterials, have emerged. The acoustic wave propaga- tomotive sources, or even lower, by means of a well-designed tion in phononic crystals or acoustic metamaterials can be muffler (also called a silencer).[4] However, a limitation exists strongly modulated, which provides a possible way to solve [11–13] in conventional mufflers, namely, their ability to attenuate low- the problems of vibration and noise control. Novel phe- [14] frequency noise.[2] Therefore, the control of low-frequency nomena, such as band gap negative effective physical [15] [16] noise transmission in the pipe is an important and challeng- characteristics, acoustic cloaking, extraordinary sound [17,18] [19] ing problem. absorption, and sub-wavelength imaging, have been A Helmholtz resonator (HR) is often used to reduce noise theoretically proven or experimentally observed. in a narrow frequency band. This type of resonator has By introducing repeated shunted rigid HRs, the propaga- a high transmission loss in a narrow band at its resonance tion of acoustic waves in a pipe is analyzed.[2,20–22] To the best frequency.[5] It is easy to design this resonator to have a de- of our knowledge, in the available literature, the propagation sired low frequency with a larger sized cavity because the res- of acoustic waves in a fluid-filled pipe system with periodic onance frequency is determined by the geometric ratio of the HRs was studied but the elastic pipe walls have not been taken cavity to its neck. into consideration. The effect of wall elasticity on the resonance frequency In this paper, the propagation of acoustic waves in a pipe of an HR has received considerable attention.[6–9] The results with periodic elastic Helmholtz resonators is studied. The ef- indicate that the wall compliance will reduce the resonance fects of several parameters on the band gaps and sound trans- frequency in comparison with an identically shaped rigid cav- mission loss are also investigated. ∗Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11372346, 51405502, and 51705529). †Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] © 2018 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd http://iopscience.iop.org/cpb http://cpb.iphy.ac.cn 064301-1 Chin. Phys. B Vol. 27, No. 6 (2018) 064301
2 2. Model and governing equations the neck, Vc = πDclc/4 is the volume of the resonance cavity, 2.1. Acoustic impedance and resonance frequency of an and le = ln + δc + δp is the effective length of the neck, δc and elastic HR δp are the acoustic length correction factors corresponding to An HR with an elastic wall is presented in Fig.1, where the cavity volume and main duct interfaces, respectively, ω is the angular frequency, and i2 = −1. ln and Dn are the length and the diameter of the neck, respec- Based on plane wave theory, the resonance frequency tively; lc and Dc are the length and the diameter of the cavity, can be expressed using the low-frequency approximation as respectively; L and D are the length and the diameter of the p pipe, respectively; and d is the thickness of the elastic wall. fH = (c0/2π) Sn/Vcle. The cavity with an elastic wall is composed of three parts: the For an HR with an elastic wall, if the acoustic impedances top panel, the cylinder, and the bottom panel. The cavity and of the cylinder and the bottom panel are neglected, the acoustic [9] pipe are filled with fluid, settled as the shadowed regions in impedance of an elastic HR can be expressed as Fig.1. 1 Z = iωM + , (2) EH ha C top panel 1 iω Cha + 2 1 − ω M1C1 d Dc 2 6 2 3 cylinder where M1 = 72dρ/5πDc and C1 = πDc 1 − σ /1024Ed c l are the acoustic mass and the acoustic capacitance of the top d panel, respectively, while ρ, E, and σ are the density, Young’s bottom panel modulus, and Poisson’s ratio of the top panel, respectively.
D n n l For a top panel with a clamped boundary condition, the [9] fluid resonance frequency can be given as D
√ !1/2 L 1 −b ± b2 − 4ac fEH = , (3) Fig. 1. Sketch of an elastic HR. 2π 2a
For the HR with a rigid wall, the acoustic impedance can where a = MhaChaM1C1, b = −(MhaCha +MhaC1 +M1C1), and be expressed as[2,9,21] c = 1. 1 2.2. Transfer matrix and dispersion relation of an infinite ZH = i ωMha − , (1) ωCha periodic pipe with elastic HRs where the acoustic mass Mha = ρ0le/Sn and the acoustic ca- The piping system, consisting of a uniform pipe with HRs 2 pacitance Cha = Vc/ρ0c0, and ρ0 and c0 are the density and attached periodically, is sketched in Fig.2. The lattice constant 2 velocity of the fluid, Sn = πDn/4 is the cross-sectional area of is L.
L
Fig. 2. (a) Sketch of infinite periodic pipe with elastic HRs and (b) single unit.
2 Acoustic wave propagation in this system can be de- the pipe, with S0 = πD /4 being the cross-sectional area of scribed under the assumption of a plane wave when we focus the pipe, and k is the wave number. on the low-frequency range. By introducing the state vector The sound pressure (p) and the volume velocity (u) can p [4,5,23] 푊 = , be expressed as follows: n u p = Ae−ikx + Be−ikx, (4) the transfer matrix relation for a uniform pipe section with a 1 length of L/2 between point 1 and point 2 in the nth cell is u = Ae−ikx + Be−ikx , (5) Z0 푊 1 = 푇 1푊 2, (6) where A and B are the magnitudes of the incident wave and the n n n reflected wave, and Z0 = ρ0c0/S0 is the acoustic impedance of where 064301-2 Chin. Phys. B Vol. 27, No. 6 (2018) 064301
iqL 1 cos(kL/2) iZ0 sin(kL/2) 푊n = e 푊n−1, (10) 푇n = . (i/Z0)sin(kL/2) cos(kL/2) q x Similarly, where is the Bloch wave vector in the direction. Based on Eqs. (9) and (10), the dispersion relation of the 3 2 1 푊n = 푇n 푊n+1. (7) model can be obtained as follows: iMZ For the HR, the transfer matrix between point 2 and point 3 cos(qL) = cos(kL) + 0 sin(kL). (11) 2Z can be obtained using the continuity of the sound pressure and EH the volume velocity, as follows:[5] For a given ω, equation (11) supplies the values of q. Depend- ing on whether q is real or has an imaginary part, the corre- 푊 2 = 푇 H 푊 3, (8) n n n sponding wave propagates through the beam (pass band) or is where damped (band gap). H 1 1 푇n = , M/ZEH 1 2.3. Transfer matrix and dispersion relation of finite peri- odic pipe with elastic HRs with M denoting the number of HRs in one cell. Combining Eqs. (6), (7), and (8) yields the following re- With respect to a finite periodic structure with N unit lation between the n-th cell and the (n + 1)-th cell: cells, the transmitting relationship for the state vectors at the inlet and the outlet can be derived as 1 1 푊n = 푇 푊 n+1, (9) N 푇N = 푇 . (12) 1 H 2 where 푇 = 푇n 푇n 푇n is the transfer matrix. Due to the periodicity of the infinite structure in the x di- The STL can be represented using the transfer matrix as [1,2] [5] rection, the vector 푊n must satisfy the Bloch theorem, i.e., follows:
푇N(1,1) + 푇N(1,2)/Z0 + 푇N(2,1)Z0 + 푇N(2,2) STL = 20log . (13) 10 2
3. Resonance frequency and STL of pipe with a shown as a black dotted line in Fig.3, in which the resonance single cell frequency is 335 Hz. It can be found that the results calculated The geometry of the pipe-mounted HR considered in the using TMM and FEM agree well with each other for a rigid calculation is shown in Fig.1. The geometric parameters are HR. [3] 80 chosen as follows: D = 0.08 m, L = 0.6 m, lc = 0.2 m, Dc = 0.16 m, d = 0.005 m, Dn = 0.034 m, and ln = 0.087 m. In this 60 case, the effective length of the neck is le = 0.1084 m. The materials of the cylinder and bottom panel are both steel with a density of 7800 kg/m3, Young’s modulus of 2.1 × 1011 Pa, 40 and Poisson’s ratio of 0.3; the material of the top panel is epoxy with a density of 1180 kg/m3, Young’s modulus E = 20
4.35 × 109 Pa, and Poisson’s ratio of σ = 0.37. The fluid in loss/dB Transmission 3 0 the pipe is water with density ρ0 = 1000 kg/m , and velocity 0 200 400 600 800 c0 = 1500 m/s. Frequency/Hz First, we consider the number of HRs in a single cell Fig. 3. (color online) STL of a single HR. The black solid and black dot- M = 1. ted lines correspond to the STLs of one rigid HR, calculated by TMM and COMSOL, respectively. The red solid and red dotted lines correspond to For a rigid HR, the STL calculated by the transfer matrix the STLs of a single elastic HR, calculated by TMM and COMSOL, respec- method (TMM) is illustrated as the black solid line in Fig.3. tively. In this case, the resonance frequency is 340 Hz. The STL is For an elastic HR, the material of the top panel is softer also calculated using the finite-element method (FEM) with than the materials of the cylinder and bottom panel; this can COMSOL Multiphysics software. In the calculation, the cou- be simplified into a clamped boundary condition. Based on pling between the structural mechanics module and the acous- Eq. (13), the STL calculated by TMM is illustrated as the red tics module is considered. The STL calculated using FEM is solid line in Fig.3. In this case, the resonance frequency is 064301-3 Chin. Phys. B Vol. 27, No. 6 (2018) 064301
46 Hz. The STL calculated using FEM is shown as a red dot- the same cavity size. To reveal the mechanism of the low ted line in Fig.3, in which the resonance frequency is 50 Hz. frequency resonance, the sound pressure level of a rigid HR The good agreement between TMM and FEM validates the and the displacement deformation of an elastic HR at the reso- correctness of the simplified acoustic impedance in Eq. (2) and nance frequency are calculated using the FEM, and the results the resonance frequency in Eq. (3). are illustrated in Fig.4. One can find that a rigid HR gener- From Fig.3, it is observed that the resonance frequency ates the acoustic cavity resonance at 335 Hz, and an elastic HR of an elastic HR is much less than that of a rigid HR with generates the top panel structure resonance at 46 Hz.
. 2.5
2.0
-. 1.5
-. 1.0 0.5 -. y x z (a) (b)
Fig. 4. (color online) (a) Sound pressure level of rigid HR at 335 Hz, (b) displacement deformation of an elastic HR at 46 Hz.
Therefore, the resonant frequency of an elastic HR de- 80 pends on the top panel but not on the cavity size. Therefore, we can assert that the cavity size will not affect the resonant 60 frequency. The STLs for various lengths of the cavity are il- lustrated in Fig.5. The solid, dash dot, and dotted lines corre- 40 spond to lc = 0.2 m, 0.1 m, and 0.05 m, respectively. The res- onant frequencies are almost unchanged for the various cavity 20 sizes, but it is seen that when the cavity length lc decreases, loss/dB Transmission the STL increases. 0 0 200 400 600 800 Frequency/Hz 80 65 Fig. 6. The STLs for the number of HR, M =1 (solid line), 2 (dash dot 60 line), and 4 (dotted line). 60 55 4. Band structure and STL of periodic pipe 50 40 loss/dB Transmission For a periodic pipe with elastic HRs, illustrated in 48 49 50 51 52 Frequency/Hz Fig. 2(a), the band structure calculated by Eq. (11) is shown 20 as black lines in Fig. 7(a). The elastic parameters and geomet-
Transmission loss/dB Transmission ric parameters are chosen to be the same as those in Fig.3.A low-frequency and broadband locally resonant gap generates 0 0 200 400 600 800 between 45 Hz and 378 Hz, whose normalized gap width is Frequency/Hz ∆ f / fg = 1.57, where ∆ f and fg are the absolute gap width
Fig. 5. Frequency-dependent STLs for cavity length lc = 0.2 m (solid line), and the midgap frequency. The band structure is also cal- 0.1 m (dash dot line), and 0.05 m (dotted line). culated using COMSOL, which has been successfully used The effect of the number of HRs, M, in one cell on the to calculate the band gaps of Phononic Crystals and acoustic STL is considered. In Fig.6, the STLs for various values of metamaterials.[24,25] In the COMSOL calculation, the Floquet number of HR, M, are calculated. The solid, dash dot and dot- periodic conditions are applied to both of the pipe cross sec- ted lines correspond to M = 1, 2, and 4, respectively. This tions. The coupling between the structural mechanics module indicates that the number of HRs in one cell will increase the and the acoustics module is considered. The band structure STL value in a broadband frequency range. that is calculated using the FEM is shown as a blue dotted line 064301-4 Chin. Phys. B Vol. 27, No. 6 (2018) 064301 in Fig. 7(a). It can be found that the results calculated using the large top panel. However, the cutoff frequency remains the TMM and the FEM show good agreement with each other. unchanged if the diameter of the cavity is large enough. The However, for the FEM results, there is an additional flat band effects of the geometric parameters of the neck on the start at approximately 611 Hz. As a comparison, the band structure frequency are all trivial. of periodic HRs with rigid walls is illustrated as a black dash 800 dot line, which is calculated by TMM. In this case, the first gap extends from the frequency of 302 Hz to 498 Hz, whose C normalized gap width ∆ f / fg = 0.49. Therefore, a pipe with 600 periodic elastic HRs will be beneficial to the generation of a B low-frequency and broadband gap. The STLs of five periodic 400 cells with elastic walls and rigid walls are calculated and illus- trated with black solid and black dash dot lines in Fig. 7(b). Frequency/Hz The STL that is calculated by the FEM is shown as a blue dot- 200 ted line. A Furthermore, the eigenvalues of a single unit cell with 0 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 Floquet periodic conditions are calculated. The first and sec- Bloch wave vector k(Tπa) ond non-zero eigenvalues correspond to the points A and C, for 800 which the Bloch wave vector is q = −π/a, and the eigenvalue corresponds to point B for which q = 0. The mode shapes of points A, B, and C are illustrated in Figs. 8(a)–8(c). From 600 points A and B, one can find that the band gap formation mech- anism is due to the resonance of the top panel, and that the flat 400 band at point C is due to the second mode of the top panel. In Fig.9, the effects of the geometric parameters of an Frequency/Hz 200 HR on the band gaps are considered, including the length (ln), the diameter (Dn) of the neck, the length (lc), and the diam- eter (Dc) of the cavity. The solid lines with circular (o) and 0 0 50 100 150 200 square () symbols describe the start frequency and the cutoff Transmission loss/dB frequency, respectively, of the band gap for the periodic elastic Fig. 7. Band structure and STL with M = 1. Solid and dotted lines cor- HRs. For comparison, the effect of a rigid HR is also calcu- respond to the TMM and FEM results for elastic HR, and the dash dot lines correspond to rigid HR results calculated by TMM. lated, and the result is illustrated by using a dash–dot line. In each calculation, only one parameter is varied, while all other The band structure and STL for various values of the parameters are kept to be the same as those in Fig.7. From number of HRs, M, in one cell are calculated, and the results Fig.9, we can find that the start frequency and the cutoff fre- are shown in Fig. 10. The solid lines, dash dot lines, and dot- quency are independent of the length of cavity lc, which could ted lines correspond to M = 1, 2, and 4, respectively. We find be an indication that the formation mechanism of the low- that the bandgap range becomes wider. The normalized gap frequency band gap is due to the resonance of the top panel but widths are ∆ f / fg = 1.57, 1.70, and 1.80 for M = 1, 2, and not the HR cavity. Figure9 also reveals that the start frequency 4, respectively. Additionally, the STL becomes stronger as M becomes lower as the diameter of the cavity (Dc) increases, increases. Therefore, a low-frequency, broadband and strong which is due to the resonant frequency becoming lower for attenuation bandgap with a small sized HR is obtained.
(a) (b) (c)
Fig. 8. (color online) Mode shapes of the unit cell for various Bloch wave vectors, corresponding to points A, B, and C in Fig.7.
064301-5 Chin. Phys. B Vol. 27, No. 6 (2018) 064301
800 900 700 800 600 700 600 500 500 400 400 Frequency/Hz Frequency/Hz 300 300 200 200 100 100 0.1 0.20.3 0.4 0.5 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 l Length of the cavity ( c) Diameter of the cavity (Dc)
700 600 600 500 500 400 400 300 300 Frequency/Hz Frequency/Hz 200 200 100 100
0.02 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.18 0.015 0.025 0.035 0.045 l Length of the neck ( n) Diameter of the neck (Dn)
Fig. 9. Effects of the geometric parameters of the HR on band gaps. The continuous and dash-dot lines correspond to an elastic HR and a rigid HR, respectively. The symbol ◦ () describes the start (cutoff) frequency.
800 800
600 600
400 400 Frequency/Hz Frequency/Hz 200 200
0 0 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 0 100 200 300 400 Bloch wave vector k(Tπa) Transmission loss/dB
Fig. 10. Band structure and STL for various numbers of HRs. Solid, dash dot, and dotted lines correspond to M = 1, 2, and 4, respectively.
5. Negative bulk modulus of periodic with elastic The propagation of the acoustic wave in the n-th unit can be HRs described by the approximate differential equations[27] ∂u Y In the last decade, negative constituent parameters of = − p, (16) acoustic metamaterials have been investigated,[21,26–28] which ∂x ap provides new propagation characteristics for acoustic waves. where Y = 1/ZEH is the admittance of an HR, which is differ- The one-dimensional (1D) microscope acoustic wave ent from that in Ref. [27]. equations in the lossless case can be expressed in the following By combining Eqs. (15) and (16), the effective bulk mod- equation[27,28] ulus can be obtained as follows: 1 i ∂u 1 = − . (17) = − p˙. (14) K a Z ∂x Keff eff p EHω If we neglect the harmonic dependence e iωt , then we have The relation between the real part of the 1/Keff and frequency ∂u iω is illustrated in Fig. 11(a). One can find that the effective bulk = − p. (15) modulus above the resonant frequency 46 Hz is negative. ∂x Keff 064301-6 Chin. Phys. B Vol. 27, No. 6 (2018) 064301
Based on Eq. (8), the effective acoustic impedance with cavity size. The number of HRs in a single cell will increases
M HRs in one cell will be ZEH/M. The solid, dash dot, and the STL in the broadband frequency range. dotted lines in Fig. 11(a) correspond to M = 1, 2, and 4, re- For a periodic pipe, periodic elastic HRs will be benefi- spectively. The absolute of the real part of the 1/Keff become cial to the generation of a low-frequency and a broadband gap. larger as M increases. This can explain the causes of broad- By calculating the mode shapes, the resonance of the top panel band and stronger attenuation as M increases. For compari- reveals the band gap formation mechanism. For the same sized son, the effective bulk modulus for rigid HR is calculated in cavity, the normalized gap width for elastic HRs is 1.57, and Fig. 11(b). In this case, the effective bulk modulus above the the normalized gap width for rigid HRs is 0.49. The start fre- resonant frequency 340 Hz is negative. quency and cutoff frequency are independent of the length of
2 the cavity, and the effects of the geometric parameters of the (a) neck on the start frequency are all trivial. This work opens a new avenue to controlling low- 1 frequency and broadband noise of a fluid-filled pipe system. -8
)/10 0
eff References [1] Yu D L, Wen J H, Zhao H G, Liu Y Z and Wen X S 2008 J. Sound Vib. /K ( 318 193 -1 [2] Li Y F, Shen H J, Zhang L K, Su Y S and Yu D L 2016 Phys. Lett. A 380 2322 [3] Xuan L K, Liu Y, Gong J F, Ming P J and Ruan Z Q 2017 Adv. Mech. -2 Eng. 9 1 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 [4] Munjal M L 2014 Acoustics of Ducts and Mufflers (West Sussex: John Frequency/Hz Wiley & Sons Ltd.) [5] Seo S H and Kim Y H 2005 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118 2332 [6] Photiadis D M 1991 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90 1188 (b) 0.8 [7] Norris A N and Wickham G 1993 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93 617 [8] Wang Z F, Hu Y M, Xiong S D, Luo H, Meng Z and Ni M 2009 Acta 0.4 Phys. Sin. 58 2507 (in Chinese)
-8 [9] Sang Y J, Lan Y and Ding YW 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 024301 (in Chinese) )/10 0 [10] Zhou C G, Liu B L, Li X D and Tian J 2007 Acta Acustica 32 426 eff [11] Cummer S A, Christensen J and Alu` A 2016 Nat. Rev. Mater. 1 16001
/K [12] Hussein M I, Leamy M J and Ruzzene M 2014 ASME Appl. Mech. Rev. ( -0.4 66 040802 [13] Fang X, Wen J H, Bonello B, Yin J F and Yu D L 2017 Nat. Commun. -0.8 8 1288 [14] Wei Z D, Li B R, Du J M and Yang G. 2016 Chin. Phys. Lett. 33 044303 300 320 340 360 380 400 [15] Yang Z, Mei J, Yang M, Chan N H and Sheng P 2008 Physics 101 Frequency/Hz 204301 [16] Cai L, Wen J H, Yu D L, Lu Z M and Wen X S 2014 Chin. Phys. Lett. Fig. 11. (a) Effective bulk moduli for elastic HR, where the solid, dash- 31 094303 dot, and dotted lines correspond to M = 1, 2, and 4, respectively. (b) [17] Zhao H G, Liu Y Z, Wen J H, Yu D L, Wang G and Wen X S 2006 Effective bulk modulus for rigid HR. Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 2132 [18] Sun H W, Lin G C, Du X W and Pai P F 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 154302 6. Conclusions (in Chinese) [19] Amireddy K K, Amaniam K B and Rajagopal P 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 7777 The propagation of acoustic waves in a periodic pipe with [20] Cheer J, Daley S and McCormick C 2017 Smart Mater. Struct. 26 elastic Helmholtz resonators has been studied theoretically in 025032 [21] Xia B Z, Qin Y, Chen N, Yu D J and Jiang C 2017 Sci. China-Tech. Sci. this paper. 60 385 The TMM is developed to conduct the investigation. The [22] Farooqui M, Elnady T and Akl W 2016 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 139 3277 correctness of the TMM is validated by comparing their results [23] Ji Z L 2015 Acoustic theory and design of muffler (Beijing: Science Press) with the results from the FEM. [24] Zhang H, Xiao Y, Wen J H, Yu D L and Wen X S 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. For one unit, the simplified acoustic impedance is ob- 108 141902 [25] Yu D L, Du C Y, Shen H J, Liu J W and Wen J H 2017 Chin. Phys. Lett. tained with appropriate boundary conditions. The resonance 34 076202 frequency of an elastic HR is much less than that of a rigid [26] Lee S H and Wright O B 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 24302 [27] Cheng Y, Xu J Y and Liu X J 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 045134 HR with the same sized cavity. Additionally, the resonant fre- [28] Li Y F, Lan J, Li B S, Liu X Z and Zhang J S 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 120 quency for an elastic HR depends on the top panel but not the 145105
064301-7 Chinese Physics B
Volume 27 Number 6 June 2018
TOPIC REVIEW — Electron microscopy methods for emergent materials and life sciences
060503 Chemical structure of grain-boundary layer in SrTiO3 and its segregation-induced transition: A contin- uum interface approach Hui Gu 063601 Orienting the future of bio-macromolecular electron microscopy Fei Sun 066107 Scanning transmission electron microscopy: A review of high angle annular dark field and annular bright field imaging and applications in lithium-ion batteries Yu-Xin Tong, Qing-Hua Zhang and Lin Gu 066801 Towards dynamic structure of biological complexes at atomic resolution by cryo-EM Kai Zhang 066802 Lorentz transmission electron microscopy studies on topological magnetic domains Li-Cong Peng, Ying Zhang, Shu-Lan Zuo, Min He, Jian-Wang Cai, Shou-Guo Wang, Hong-Xiang Wei, Jian-Qi Li, Tong-Yun Zhao and Bao-Gen Shen 066803 Cryo-ET bridges the gap between cell biology and structural biophysics Xiao-Fang Cheng, Rui Wang and Qing-Tao Shen
RAPID COMMUNICATION
066108 Impressive self-healing phenomenon of Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 solar cells Qing Yu, Jiangjian Shi, Pengpeng Zhang, Linbao Guo, Xue Min, Yanhong Luo, Huijue Wu, Dongmei Li and Qingbo Meng 067304 Electronic transport properties of Co cluster-decorated graphene Chao-Yi Cai and Jian-Hao Chen
067401 Nodeless superconductivity in a quasi-two-dimensional superconductor AuTe2Se4/3 Xiao-Yu Jia, Yun-Jie Yu, Xu Chen, Jian-Gang Guo, Tian-Ping Ying, Lan-Po He, Xiao-Long Chen and Shi-Yan Li
067503 Machine learning technique for prediction of magnetocaloric effect in La(Fe,Si/Al)13-based materials Bo Zhang, Xin-Qi Zheng, Tong-Yun Zhao, Feng-Xia Hu, Ji-Rong Sun and Bao-Gen Shen
GENERAL 060101 Enhancement of water self-diffusion at super-hydrophilic surface with ordered water Xiao-Meng Yu, Chong-Hai Qi and Chun-Lei Wang 060201 Multiple Darboux–Backlund¨ transformations via truncated Painleve´ expansion and Lie point symmetry approach Shuai-Jun Liu, Xiao-Yan Tang and Sen-Yue Lou
(Continued on the Bookbinding Inside Back Cover) 060202 Distance-based formation tracking control of multi-agent systems with double-integrator dynamics Zixing Wu, Jinsheng Sun and Ximing Wang 060203 Stochastic evolutionary public goods game with first and second order costly punishments in finite pop- ulations Ji Quan, Yu-Qing Chu, Wei Liu, Xian-Jia Wang and Xiu-Kang Yang 060204 Frequency response range of terahertz pulse coherent detection based on THz-induced time-resolved luminescence quenching Man Zhang, Zhen-Gang Yang, Jin-Song Liu, Ke-Jia Wang, Jiao-Li Gong and Sheng-Lie Wang 060205 Growth mode of helium crystal near dislocations in titanium Bao-Ling Zhang, Bao-Wen Wang, Xue Su, Xiao-Yong Song and Min Li 060301 Monogamy quantum correlation near the quantum phase transitions in the two-dimensional 푋푌 spin systems Meng Qin, Zhongzhou Ren and Xin Zhang 060302 Quantum speed-up capacity in different types of quantum channels for two-qubit open systems Wei Wu, Xin Liu and Chao Wang 060303 Quantum estimation of detection efficiency with no-knowledge quantum feedback Dong Xie and Chunling Xu 060304 Classical-driving-assisted coherence dynamics and its conservation De-Ying Gao, Qiang Gao and Yun-Jie Xia 060305 Demonstration of quantum permutation parity determine algorithm in a superconducting qutrit Kunzhe Dai, Peng Zhao, Mengmeng Li, Xinsheng Tan, Haifeng Yu and Yang Yu 060306 Electronic and magnetic properties of semihydrogenated, fully hydrogenated monolayer and bilayer
MoN2 sheets Yan-Chao She, Zhao Wei, Kai-Wu Luo, Yong Li, Yun Zhang and Wei-Xi Zhang 060307 Topologically protected edge gap solitons of interacting Bosons in one-dimensional superlattices Xi-Hua Guo, Tian-Fu Xu and Cheng-Shi Liu 060308 General series expression of eddy-current impedance for coil placed above multi-layer plate conductor Yin-Zhao Lei 060501 Dynamic characteristics in an external-cavity multi-quantum-well laser Sen-Lin Yan 060502 The heat and work of quantum thermodynamic processes with quantum coherence Shanhe Su, Jinfu Chen, Yuhan Ma, Jincan Chen and Changpu Sun 060701 Superconducting membrane mechanical oscillator based on vacuum-gap capacitor Yong-Chao Li, Xin Dai, Jun-Liang Jiang, Jia-Zheng Pan, Xing-Yu Wei, Ya-Peng Lu, Sheng Lu, Xue-Cou Tu, Guo-Zhu Sun and Pei-Heng Wu 060702 Cryogenic amplifier with low input-referred voltage noise calibrated by shot noise measurement Wuhao Yang and Jian Wei
(Continued on the Bookbinding Inside Back Cover) 060703 Baseline optimization for scalar magnetometer array and its application in magnetic target localization Li-Ming Fan, Quan Zheng, Xi-Yuan Kang, Xiao-Jun Zhang and Chong Kang
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
063101 Determination of static dipole polarizabilities of Yb atom Zhi-Ming Tang, Yan-Mei Yu and Chen-Zhong Dong 063102 Structure, stability, catalytic activity, and polarizabilities of small iridium clusters Francisco E Jorge and Jose´ R da Costa Venancioˆ
063103 Effect of nickel segregation on CuΣ9 grain boundary undergone shear deformations Xiang-Yue Liu, Hong Zhang and Xin-Lu Cheng 063201 Single and double Auger decay of 4f-ionized mercury including cascade and direct processes Yu-Long Ma, Fu-Yang Zhou, Zhen-Qi Liu and Yi-Zhi Qu 063202 Demonstration of superadiabatic population transfer in superconducting qubit Mengmeng Li, Xinsheng Tan, Kunzhe Dai, Peng Zhao, Haifeng Yu and Yang Yu 063301 Enhanced ionization of vibrational hot carbon disulfide molecules in strong femtosecond laser fields Wan-Long Zuo, Hang Lv, Hong-Jing Liang, Shi-Min Shan, Ri Ma, Bing Yan and Hai-Feng Xu
3 0 063401 Dynamics of the CH4 +O( 푃 ) → CH3(휈 = 0)+OH(휈 = 0) reaction Zhong-An Jiang, Ya Peng, Ju-Shi Chen, Gui Lan and Hao-Yu Lin 063402 Investigations of the dielectronic recombination of phosphorus-like tin at the CSRm Xin Xu, Shu-Xing Wang, Zhong-Kui Huang, Wei-Qiang Wen, Han-Bing Wang, Tian-Heng Xu, Xiao-Ya Chuai, Li-Jun Dou, Wei-Qing Xu, Chong-Yang Chen, Chuan-Ying Li, Jian-Guo Wang, Ying-Long Shi, Chen-Zhong Dong, Li-Jun Mao, Da-Yu Yin, Jie Li, Xiao-Ming Ma, Jian-Cheng Yang, You-Jin Yuan, Xin-Wen Ma and Lin-Fan Zhu 063602 Overrun phenomenon and neutron yield in Coulomb explosion of deuterated alkane clusters driven by intense laser field Hong-Yu Li, Mei-Dong Huang, Ming Kang and De-Jun Li 063701 Optimization of endcap trap for single-ion manipulation Yuan Qian, Chang-Da-Ren Fang, Yao Huang, Hua Guan and Ke-Lin Gao
ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS
064301 Propagation of acoustic waves in a fluid-filled pipe with periodic elastic Helmholtz resonators Dian-Long Yu, Hui-Jie Shen, Jiang-Wei Liu, Jian-Fei Yin, Zhen-Fang Zhang and Ji-Hong Wen
PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS, AND ELECTRIC DISCHARGES
065201 Reversed rotation of limit cycle oscillation and dynamics of low-intermediate-high confinement transition Dan-Dan Cao, Feng Wan, Ya-Juan Hou, Hai-Bo Sang and Bai-Song Xie
(Continued on the Bookbinding Inside Back Cover) 065202 Measurements of argon metastable density using the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy in Ar
and Ar/O2 Dao-Man Han, Yong-Xin Liu, Fei Gao, Wen-Yao Liu, Jun Xu and You-Nian Wang
CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES
066101 Fractional Stokes–Einstein relation in TIP5P water at high temperatures Gan Ren and Ge Sang 066102 Jamming of packings of frictionless particles with and without shear Wen Zheng, Shiyun Zhang and Ning Xu
066103 Li adsorption on monolayer and bilayer MoS2 as an ideal substrate for hydrogen storage Cheng Zhang, Shaolong Tang, Mingsen Deng and Youwei Du 066104 Effects of temperature and point defects on the stability of C15 Laves phase in iron: A molecular dy- namics investigation Hao Wang, Ning Gao, Guang-Hong Lu¨ and Zhong-Wen Yao 066105 Mechanisms of atmospheric neutron-induced single event upsets in nanometric SOI and bulk SRAM devices based on experiment-verified simulation tool Zhi-Feng Lei, Zhan-Gang Zhang, Yun-Fei En and Yun Huang 066106 Non-monotonic dependence of current upon i-width in silicon p–i–n diodes Zheng-Peng Pang, Xin Wang, Jian Chen, Pan Yang, Yang Zhang, Yong-Hui Tian and Jian-Hong Yang
066201 Pressure-induced enhancement of optoelectronic properties in PtS2 Yi-Fang Yuan, Zhi-Tao Zhang, Wei-Ke Wang, Yong-Hui Zhou, Xu-Liang Chen, Chao An, Ran-Ran Zhang, Ying Zhou, Chuan-Chuan Gu, Liang Li, Xin-Jian Li and Zhao-Rong Yang
066501 Phase transition and near-zero thermal expansion of Zr0.5Hf0.5VPO7 Jun-Ping Wang, Qing-Dong Chen, Sai-Lei Li, Yan-Jun Ji, Wen-Ying Mu, Wei-Wei Feng, Gao-Jie Zeng, You- Wen Liu and Er-Jun Liang
CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTI- CAL PROPERTIES
067101 Explicit forms of zero modes in symmetric interacting Kitaev chain without and with dimerization Yiming Wang, Zhidan Li and Qiang Han 067102 The structural, electronic, and optical properties of organic–inorganic mixed halide perovskites
CH3NH3Pb(I1−푦푋푦)3 (푋 =Cl, Br) Miao Jiang, Naihang Deng, Li Wang, Haiming Xie and Yongqing Qiu
067103 Magnetic interactions in a proposed diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ba1−푥K푥)(Zn1−푦Mn푦)2P2 Huan-Cheng Yang, Kai Liu and Zhong-Yi Lu
067201 Complex alloying effect on thermoelectric transport properties of Cu2Ge(Se1−푥Te푥)3 Ruifeng Wang, Lu Dai, Yanci Yan, Kunling Peng, Xu Lu, Xiaoyuan Zhou and Guoyu Wang
(Continued on the Bookbinding Inside Back Cover) 067202 How to characterize capacitance of organic optoelectronic devices accurately Hao-Miao Yu and Yun He 067203 Electrical controllable spin valves in a zigzag silicene nanoribbon ferromagnetic junction Lin Zhang 067204 Room-temperature large photoinduced magnetoresistance in semi-insulating gallium arsenide-based de- vice Xiong He and Zhi-Gang Sun
067301 Enhanced photoresponse performance in Ga/Ga2O3 nanocomposite solar-blind ultraviolet photodetec- tors Shu-Juan Cui, Zeng-Xia Mei, Yao-Nan Hou, Quan-Sheng Chen, Hui-Li Liang, Yong-Hui Zhang, Wen-Xing Huo and Xiao-Long Du 067302 Resonant surface plasmons of a metal nanosphere treated as propagating surface plasmons Yu-Rui Fang and Xiao-Rui Tian
067303 Improved performance of Au nanocrystal nonvolatile memory by N2-plasma treatment on HfO2 blocking layer Chen Wang, Yi-Hong Xu, Song-Yan Chen, Cheng Li, Jian-Yuan Wang, Wei Huang, Hong-Kai Lai and Rong- Rong Guo 067305 Enhanced transient photovoltaic characteristics of core–shell ZnSe/ZnS/L-Cys quantum-dot-sensitized
TiO2 thin-film Kui-Ying Li, Lun Ren and Tong-De Shen 067402 Enhancement of off-state characteristics in junctionless field effect transistor using a field plate Bin Wang, He-Ming Zhang, Hui-Yong Hu and Xiao-Wei Shi
067403 Superconductivity of bilayer titanium/indium thin film grown on SiO2/Si (001) Zhao-Hong Mo, Chao Lu, Yi Liu, Wei Feng, Yun Zhang, Wen Zhang, Shi-Yong Tan, Hong-Jun Zhang, Chun- Yu Guo, Xiao-Dong Wang, Liang Wang, Rui-Zhu Yang, Zhong-Guo Ren, Xie-Gang Zhu, Zhong-Hua Xiong, Qi An and Xin-Chun Lai 067501 Current-induced synchronized magnetization reversal of two-body Stoner particles with dipolar inter- action Zhou-Zhou Sun, Yu Yang and J Schliemann 067502 Voltage control of magnetization switching and dynamics Hong-Yu Wen and Jian-Bai Xia 067801 Transition intensity calculation of Yb:YAG Hong-Bo Zhang, Qing-Li Zhang, Xing Wang, Gui-Hua Sun, Xiao-Fei Wang, De-Ming Zhang and Dun-Lu Sun 067802 Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and its applications in determining optical constants of chalco- genide glasses in infrared Ning-Ning Wei, Zhen Yang, Hong-Bo Pan, Fan Zhang, Yong-Xing Liu, Rong-Ping Wang, Xiang Shen, Shi- Xun Dai and Qiu-Hua Nie
(Continued on the Bookbinding Inside Back Cover) INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
068101 Free-standing, curled and partially reduced graphene oxide network as sulfur host for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries Hui-Liang Chen, Zhuo-Jian Xiao, Nan Zhang, Shi-Qi Xiao, Xiao-Gang Xia, Wei Xi, Yan-Chun Wang, Wei-Ya Zhou and Si-Shen Xie 068102 Wider frequency domain for negative refraction index in a quantized composite right–left handed trans- mission line Qi-Xuan Wu and Shun-Cai Zhao
068103 In situ growth of different numbers of gold nanoparticles on MoS2 with enhanced electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction Xuan Zhao, Da-Wei He, Yong-Sheng Wang and Chen Fu
068104 Effect of substrate curvature on thickness distribution of polydimethylsiloxane thin film in spin coating process Ying Yan, Ping Zhou, Shang-Xiong Zhang, Xiao-Guang Guo and Dong-Ming Guo
068201 Tuning hybrid liquid/solid electrolytes by lowering Li salt concentration for lithium batteries Wei Yang, Qi-Di Wang, Yu Lei, Zi-Pei Wan, Lei Qin, Wei Yu, Ru-Liang Liu, Deng-Yun Zhai, Hong Li, Bao- Hua Li and Fei-Yu Kang
068301 Electrical field-driven ripening profiles of colloidal suspensions Zi-Rui Wang, Wei-Jia Wen and Li-Yu Liu
068401 Tunable circularly-polarized turnstile-junction mode converter for high-power microwave applications Xiao-Yu Wang, Yu-Wei Fan, Ting Shu, Cheng-Wei Yuan and Qiang Zhang
068501 Characterization of barrier-tunable radio-frequency-SQUID for Maxwell’s demon experiment Gang Li, Suman Dhamala, Hao Li, Jian-She Liu and Wei Chen
068502 Compact wide stopband superconducting bandpass filter using modified spiral resonators with interdig- ital structure Di Wu, Bin Wei, Bo Li, Xu-Bo Guo, Xin-Xiang Lu and Bi-Song Cao
068503 Compact high-order quint-band superconducting band-pass filter Di Wu, Bin Wei, Xi-Long Lu, Xin-Xiang Lu, Xu-Bo Guo and Bi-Song Cao
068504 Degradation of current–voltage and low frequency noise characteristics under negative bias illumination stress in InZnO thin film transistors Li Wang, Yuan Liu, Kui-Wei Geng, Ya-Yi Chen and Yun-Fei En
068505 Physics-based analysis and simulation model of electromagnetic interference induced soft logic upset in CMOS inverter Yu-Qian Liu, Chang-Chun Chai, Yu-Hang Zhang, Chun-Lei Shi, Yang Liu, Qing-Yang Fan and Yin-Tang Yang
068506 Integration of a field-effect-transistor terahertz detector with a diagonal horn antenna Xiang Li, Jian-dong Sun, Zhi-peng Zhang, V V Popov and Hua Qin
(Continued on the Bookbinding Inside Back Cover) 068701 Interaction between human telomeric G-quadruplexes characterized by single molecule magnetic tweez- ers Yi-Zhou Wan, Xi-Miao Hou, Hai-Peng Ju, Xue Xiao, Xu-Guang Xi, Shuo-Xing Dou, Peng-Ye Wang and Wei Li 068801 Detection of finger interruptions in silicon solar cells using photoluminescence imaging Lei Zhang, Peng Liang, Hui-Shi Zhu and Pei-De Han