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Commensal Bacteria Chart

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Commensal Bacteria Chart Commensal Bacteria The most current, literature-based information on human studies related to increased * Under certain conditions, environmental factors may influence specific commensals or decreased levels of the commensal bacteria is summarized in the following chart. to become pathobionts. Pathobionts are distinguished from true infectious agents; Note that the findings in the literature may not be consistent with Genova’s findings they are potential pathogens under certain conditions. It is unknown whether due to different methodologies, thus treatment efficacy may vary. Most therapeutic these organisms play a causative role in disease or are a consequence of a disease interventions do not work in isolation, meaning they do not exclusively only target state. Literature is evolving regarding the definition of a pathobiont and the role of 1-3 that one organism. Genova has not conducted outcome studies on the impact of commensal bacteria. certain therapeutics on the microbiome markers. Clinician discretion is advised for appropriateness of therapeutics. Organism Description Increased Levels Decreased Levels Bacteroides-Prevotella group Bacteroides historically included multiple taxonomic groups including A Bacteroides-dominated microbiome is positively correlated with long-term diets Tart cherry juice may normalize high or low levels.19 Prevotella and others. New classification has separated them into rich in animal protein and saturated fat.9,18 A small study on 11 healthy volunteers Bacteroides, Prevotella, and other groups, however it is challenging to showed that an animal-based diet increased the abundance of bile-tolerant Reduced with inulin from Jerusalem artichoke or chicory.29 separate many of the species. For this reason, the Bacteroides- microorganisms (Alistipes, Bilophila and Bacteroides) and decreased the levels of A systematic review of inulin supplementation in humans Prevotella group includes mainly Bacteroides and some Prevotella.4-6 Firmicutes that metabolize dietary plant polysaccharides (Roseburia, Eubacterium showed an increase in Bifidobacterium, and a relative rectale and Ruminococcus bromii).9 increase in Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus, and decrease Displays flexibility to adapt to many environmental in relative abundance of Bacteroides.30 conditions/diets Tart cherry juice may normalize high or low levels.19 Lactobacillus kefiri was given to 20 healthy volunteers for Bacteroides consist of bile-tolerant organisms and has the capability of Increased in obese adolescents who lost more than 4 kg on a calorie-restricted diet20 one month and after the probiotic was discontinued for a utilizing polysaccharides and mucins.7-9 month, Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Clostridium, Veillonella and Increased in overweight men drinking low glycinin soymilk compared to regular other species were significantly reduced compared to Produces beta glucuronidase,10 secondary bile acids,11 acetate, soymilk or bovine milk21 baseline samples.31 propionate,12,13 products of protein breakdown,9 and is involved in vitamin metabolism7 Levels of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Odoribacter, and others enriched after A study on 250 vegetarian and vegan individuals showed pomegranate extract consumption in overweight-obese subjects. Serum lower counts of Bifidobacterium spp. (vegan), Bacteroides Associated with reduced bacterial gene richness14 endotoxemia marker LBP was reduced.22 spp. (vegan) and E. coli (vegan and vegetarian).32 Along with Methanobrevibacter smithii, certain Clostridium and Four bacteria are enriched with aspirin use versus no medication and includes Bacteroides spp. can produce methane gas.15 Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp., Barnesiella spp. and the family Ruminococaceae. Furthermore, Bacteroides spp. was seen with other medications including NSAIDs with Generally associated with industrialized populations consuming a PPIs, and NSAIDs with antidepressants and laxatives.23 Western diet16 Cigarette smoking is associated with increased levels.24 Bacteroides growth in culture and propionate formation is favored at a close-to-neutral pH of 6.5, in contrast to butyrate-producing Red wine was positively associated with the relative abundance of Bacteroides in 23 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia spp., which are favored at a allergic patients,25 and in 10 healthy males.26 lower pH of 5.5.17 A high beef diet was associated with increases in Bacteroides fragilis, B. vulgatus and Pathobiont* some species Clostridium spp. in 10 volunteers.27 A ketogenic low-carbohydrate high-fat diet was associated with a reduction of Faecalibacterium and abundance of Bacteroides and Dorea spp. in race walkers.28 1 Commensal Bacteria Organism Description Increased Levels Decreased Levels Bacteroides- vulgatusPrevotella group BacteroidesGenerally considered historically a beneficialincluded multiple gut commensal, taxonomic although groups isincluding capable A Bacteroideshigh beef diet-dominated was associated microbiome with increases is positively in Bacteroides correlated fragilis,with long B. -vulgatusterm diets and TartDecreased cherry levelsjuice maywere normalize found in 7high-12- oryear low olds levels who.19 ofPrevotella attaching and to others. and invading New classification colonic epithelial has separated cells and them inducing into pro- richClostridium in animal spp. protein in 10 volunteers.and saturated27 fat.9,18 A small study on 11 healthy volunteers consumed oligofructose-enriched inulin (BENEO's prebiotic inflammatoryBacteroides, Prevotella, cytokines and33 other groups, however it is challenging to showed that an animal-based diet increased the abundance of bile-tolerant Reducedfiber Synergy1 with) ifornulin 16 fromweeks Jerusalem in a double artichoke-blind-controlled or chicory .29 separate many of the species. For this reason, the Bacteroides- microorganisms (Alistipes, Bilophila and Bacteroides) and decreased the levels of trialA systematic.36 review of inulin supplementation in humans PrevotellaProduces beta group-glucuronidase includes mainly10 Bacteroides and some Prevotella.4-6 Firmicutes that metabolize dietary plant polysaccharides (Roseburia, Eubacterium showed an increase in Bifidobacterium, and a relative rectale and Ruminococcus bromii).9 increaseDietary inulin in Faecalibacterium-type fructan prebiotics and Lactobacillus, decreased and Bacteroides decrease 34 DisplaysAssociated flexibility with insulin to adapt resistance to many environmental vulgatusin relative in abundance obese women of Bacteroides. which positively30 correlated with 37 conditions/diets Tart cherry juice may normalize high or low levels.19 changes in body composition and glucose homeostasis. Contains bile salt hydrolases to metabolize bile35 Lactobacillus kefiri was given to 20 healthy volunteers for Barnesiella spp. Barnesiella spp. is a small group made up of two species with B. Four bacteria are enriched with aspirin use versus no medication and includes 20 Lactobacillus kefiri was given to 20 healthy volunteers for Bacteroides consist of bile-tolerant organisms38,39 and has the capability of Increased in obese adolescents who lost more than 4 kg on a calorie-restricted die23t one month and after the probiotic was discontinued for a utilizingintestinihominis polysaccharides isolated inand humans mucins. .7-9 Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp., Barnesiella spp. and the family Ruminococaceae. month,one month Bacteroides and after, Barnesiella, the probiotic Clostridium was discontinued, Veillonella for and a month, Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Clostridium, Veillonella and Increased in overweight men drinking low glycinin soymilk compared to regular other species were significantly reduced compared to B. intestinihominis is found in individuals10 in industrialized11 populations 21 other species were31 significantly reduced compared to Produces beta glucuronidase, secondary bile acids, acetate, soymilk or bovine milk baseline samples.31 versus hunter12,13-gatherer societies and generally correlat9 es with baseline samples. propionate, products of protein40,41 breakdown, and is involved in beneficial effects on the7 human gut. vitamin metabolism Levels of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Odoribacter, and others enriched after A study on 250 vegetarian and vegan individuals showed Barnesiella colonization correlates with reduced antibiotic-resistant pomegranate extract consumption in overweight-obese subjects. Serum lower counts of Bifidobacterium spp. (vegan), Bacteroides 14 22 32 EnterococcusAssociated with species reduced,42 eradication bacterial of gene Klebsiella richness pneumoniae ,43 and has endotoxemia marker LBP was reduced. spp. (vegan) and E. coli (vegan and vegetarian). other beneficial immunoregulatory effects including potential 44,45 applicationsAlong with Methanobrevibacter in cancer treatment smithii,. certain Clostridium and Four bacteria are enriched with aspirin use versus no medication and includes 15 Bacteroides spp. can produce methane gas. Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp., Barnesiella spp. and the family Ruminococaceae. Positively correlates with plasma cholesterol in mice46 Furthermore, Bacteroides spp. was seen with other medications including NSAIDs with Odoribacter spp. ThisGenerally genus associatedincludes three with species industrialized: O. denticanis populations, O. laneus consuming, O. a AnimalPPIs, and based NSAIDs diet withs have antidepressants been found to andincrease laxatives. Odoribacter23 spp.48 Higher fiber intake is associated with lower abundance of splanchnicusWestern diet.4716
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