The Lincolnshire Mantua

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Inheriting the Lincolnshire Mantua

Historical research commissioned by Lincolnshire County Council Report by Susan Payne 21 December 2012

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THE BRIEF

o Reconstruct Miss Charlotte Mary Epton’s ancestral lines with a view to identifying an ancestor who may have worn the mantua when it was new in about 1735 and assess how the mantua could have passed down from one generation to the next.

o Consider the most appropriate high-ranking families with links to the ancestors of Charlotte Mary Epton, who may have commissioned the mantua in about 1735 and then passed it on to an ancestor of Miss Epton.

o Seek mantua-makers working in Lincolnshire in the 1730s.

Information supplied by Lincolnshire County Council:

“The Lincoln Mantua was donated to the Usher Gallery in 1937 by a Miss Charlotte Mary Epton. It had previously been loaned to the gallery for an exhibition celebrating the coronation of King George VI. She claimed the Mantua had been in her family for 200 years, having been passed down from one generation to the next and was her mother’s favourite dress. Miss Epton was a schoolmistress at North Willingham village school between 1936 and 1942.

The Lincoln Mantua consists of a gown and petticoat made from silk. The ground weave is dyed black and is decorated with a white lace pattern, brocaded with large, brightly coloured flowers. The Mantua is a very rare survival, possibly the only example of its style still existing and, although it is known that black was a fashionable colour in the 18th century, very little black fabric has survived from this period because the methods of dying black were destructive to the fibres, particularly silk.

In 1998 Natalie Rothstein, an internationally renowned expert on 18th century woven fabrics, and former curator at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, positively identified the Mantua as a rare survival of the 1730s, possibly the only remaining example in England, dating it precisely to 1735 (so Miss Epton’s claim in 1937 that it had been in her family for 200 years was quite accurate). She identified the fabric as Spitalfields silk and that at some point the train of the gown had been dismembered and re-assembled in the wrong way.”

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The Lincolnshire Mantua

Summary of findings

Miss Charlotte Mary Epton was the head-mistress and only teacher of North Willingham junior school, near Market Rasen from at least 1925 until her retirement in 1942. If the mantua passed to Miss Epton on the death of her mother in 1926, then it was possibly kept at Miss Epton’s home, the school house in North Willingham.

Most of Miss Epton’s ancestors in the 18th century were farmers, but they were not major county landowners likely to have commissioned the mantua for a grand event or court occasion. They would, however, have associated with the local gentry in the administration of local affairs, or as servants, substantial farmers, landowners or tenants.

Miss Epton, her immediate family and a large proportion of her 18th century ancestors lived in villages in the vicinity of Wragby, a small market town approximately 10 miles (16 km) north-west from Horncastle and about 11 miles (18 km) north-east from the city of Lincoln. Ancestors on her father’s side had moved to the area from North Hykeham. On her mother’s side, her forebears had moved from Laughton, near Gainsborough, and Lincoln City itself.

Miss Epton’s great (x 2) grandfather moved to Bullington sometime between 1778 and 1782. His descendants continued farming there for the following two generations until Charlotte Brocklesby (nee Farr) moved from Bullington Hall in about 1875.

Connections by marriage have been found with the well to do county families of Pell and Brackenbury. The Vyner, Grantham, Gace and Turnor families were also major families with extensive estates around Wragby.

The will of Elizabeth Farr (née Pell) of Minting, who died in 1786 and was the widow of Miss Epton’s -grandfather’s second cousin, specifies three items of her own clothing: a “silk gown”, a “black gown” and her “Jacket Habit and Hatt” which she left to her sisters.

Mrs Mary Varlow was a mantua-maker who is known to have taken two apprentices from the parish of Langton by Wragby in 1758 and 1760. She could have been making mantuas in the Wragby area in about 1735.

Miss Epton’s father, grandfather, and great-grandfather Epton were all parish officers of Langton by Wragby, as also was Thomas Farr, her great-grandfather’s cousin (whose son married Elizabeth Pell). It was he who administered the grant to Mrs Varlow from Saltmarsh’s charity.

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Methodology

The question as to how the mantua came to be so well kept within the family has been investigated by reconstructing family relationships and their locations from the early 20th century back to the 18th century.  Sources: census returns, probate records and parish registers.

To assess the likelihood of Miss Epton’s ancestors having commissioned the mantua, or received it as a gift, the locations and the socio-economic status of her ancestry have been researched.  Sources: parish registers & records, marriage bonds, probate records, trade directories.

The high ranking families of the relevant locations and dates have been identified.  Sources: published and manuscript genealogies and published works.

The existence of mantua-makers in the appropriate locality has been researched.  Sources: historical local newspapers and apprenticeship records (parish and Lincoln city freemen lists).

Copyright Susan Payne asserts her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the author of this report.

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CONTENTS

1. Charlotte Mary Epton Page 6

2. Inheriting the mantua – Miss Epton’s paternal ancestors Page 8

3. The King family Page 10

4. Inheriting the mantua – Miss Epton’s maternal ancestors Page 11

5. The Farr family Page `19

o Saltmarsh’s Charity & Mary Varlow, mantua-maker Page 22

o Elizabeth Farr (née Pell) Page 24

6. Lincolnshire mantua-makers Page 26

7. County families& their houses Page 28

Online indexes, catalogues & sources Page 29

Bibliography Page 29

Original sources Page 30

Abbreviations & citations Page 43

Cover references Page 44

Acknowledgements Page 45

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1. Charlotte Mary Epton

Miss Epton was the last custodian of the mantua when she donated it to the Usher Art Gallery in Lincoln. Her information that it had been passed down in her family over a period of 200 years is the starting point for the research into its origins. Her comment that it was her mother’s favourite dress may indicate that there were other gowns which had also been retained by the family on her mother’s side. Miss Epton did indeed donate a second dress, made of Chinese silk, which has been dated to between 1770 and 1780.

As the head-mistress of North Willingham school, Miss Epton was responsible for maintaining the school log book.

In line with typical school log book entries, Miss Epton noted the attendance records of the pupils, the preponderance of whooping cough and other illnesses, as well as the regular reports of the school inspectors.

Miss Epton started the log book on 26 November 1925. She noted on 12 April 1926 that, following re-organisation, CM Epton was the certificated head mistress.

She wrote her last entry on her retirement at School log book, North Willingham School the age of 65 on 31 March 1942. 1925- LA: SR 803/8/1

On 8 May 1937, she copied an extract from one of the reports: “Miss Epton is to be congratulated on the results she obtains”.

Miss Epton was a dedicated teacher. She occasionally allowed pupils to go into her house to hear special reports on the radio, such as the Empire Day address in 1927, or the Armistice Day service from the Cenotaph in 1932. She also commented on the problems arising from the poor repair of the school and the lack of adequate heating, even taking the children into her own house when the stick man had not delivered fuel for the fire.

The pedigree chart below shows Miss Epton and her ancestors to three generations. A complete chart is presented separately due to its large size.

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Robert EPTON Born: 9 Apr 1786 in "Great Carlton, Lincs" William Martin EPTON Died: 11 Sep 1841 in Langton by Wragby, Lincs Born: 25 Nov 1809 in Langton by Wragby, Lincs Died: 1871 in Langton by Wragby, Frances "WATTAM" Lincs Born: "19 Oct 1780" in "South Willingham, Lincs" Marr: "16 May 1808" in "Ravendale, Lincs" Died: 25 Nov 1841 in Langton by William EPTON Wragby, Lincs Born: 1841 in Newball, Lincs Died: 1918

James KENNEWELL Born: 19 Nov 1775 in North & South Hykeham, Lincs Charlotte KENNEWELL Died: 29 Jan 1841 in Hatton, Lincs Born: 30 Dec 1813 in ?Reepham Marr: 19 May 1835 in Hatton, Lincs Died: 1880 Elizabeth SCORER Born: 29 May 1774 in Fiskerton, Lincs Charlotte Mary EPTON Marr: 8 Dec 1812 in Reepham, Lincs Born: 1877 Died: 1962

Edmund Dear BROCKLESBY Born: 7 Mar 1779 in Scothern, Lincs Edmund Dear BROCKLESBY Died: 7 May 1825 in Snelland, Lincs Born: 27 Mar 1807 in Snelland, Lincs Died: 1860 in Snelland, Lincs Elizabeth HAMPSON Born: 13 Jul 1777 in Snelland, Lincs Marr: 10 Oct 1804 in Snelland, Lincs Sarah Elizabeth BROCKLESBY Born: 1845 in Fulnetby, Lincs Marr: 19 Apr 1866 in Rand, Lincs Died: 1926 Edward FARR Born: 16 Aug 1772 in Laughton, Lincs Died: 4 Jul 1849 in Bullington, Goltho, Charlotte FARR Lincs Born: 20 Nov 1817 in Goltho, Lincs Marr: 27 Jul 1843 in Gautby, Lincs Died: 1915 Sarah TURNER Born: 19 Apr 1791 in Lincoln St Paul in the Bail, Lincs Marr: 8 Nov 1814 in Goltho, Lincs Died: 11 Mar 1872 in Bullington, Lincs

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2. Inheriting the mantua – Miss Epton’s paternal ancestors

As there is insufficient documentary evidence to corroborate a complete Epton family ancestry in the 18th century, it has not been possible to determine how likely it was that the family commissioned the mantua, or perhaps received it as a gift.

However, the feasibility of the mantua being passed down to the household of Miss Epton’s parents from the Epton side was examined by researching the family locations and relationships.

Miss Epton’s father, William, had an older brother, Robert James, and two sisters: Frances and Elizabeth. Frances died in 1872, at the age of 33, ten years after her marriage to James Colton Arnold. Elizabeth did not marry.

As the surviving Epton female, Miss Epton’s Aunt Elizabeth could perhaps have been entrusted with the mantua and then it could have passed from her to her brother, William’s family with whom, it seems, she was particularly close.

It is known, for example, that in 1891, Miss Epton, when aged 14 and at school, and her brother, Robert, who was then aged 17 and a solicitor’s articled clerk, were living with their aunt Elizabeth, at 1 St Leonard’s Lane, in Uphill Lincoln.

Elizabeth Epton’s will was proved in 1906 (Lincolnshire Archives. Ref, LINCOLN WILLS 1906/246). She made pecuniary bequests to her nephews and nieces (children of both her brothers, Robert and William). She also specified certain valued items. She described items, such as the “picture of Lincoln Cathedral worked by my deceased sister” and the “blue china which formerly belonged to my grandmother” and “the fire screen worked by my deceased sister”. However, although she mentioned “my wearing apparel”, she did not describe an antique gown, the mantua.

If the mantua originally belonged to Miss Epton’s paternal ancestors, there was no obvious route for mantua to have ended up in the household of Miss Epton’s parents at the end of its journey.

The chart below shows the paternal family lines:

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THE PATERNAL ANCESTRY OF CHARLOTTE MARY EPTON

This chart shows how the ancestral family names connect and progess backwards in time.

 Names and dates in italics denote findings which have not been fully corroborated in the time available.  If the line truncates, then insufficient evidence has been found in the time available to suggest additional links.  The dates in brackets are the dates of the earliest documentary evidence discovered for each line.  The use of the blue typeface denotes the male lines.

EPTON →EPTON →EPTON →EPTON (1786) →PEARSON (1782)

→WATTAM →WATTAM →WATTAM (1746) →RABY (1730) →BETT (1746)

→KENNEWELL →KENNEWELL →KENNEWELL (1733) →DARBYSHIRE →DARBYSHIRE (c 1700) →KING (1717) →KING (1684) →KING (1682) →KEYLEE (1682) →MALTBY (1682)

→SCORER (1774) →SCORER (1744) →PALMER →PALMER →PALMER →PALMER (1730) →WILLOWS (1698) →WINFIELD →WINFIELD (1683) →CHAPPELL (1683) →JOHNSON (1751)

Individuals have been identified and their wills examined. The families of Epton, Kennewell, Darbyshire and King were all yeomen or farmers.

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3. The King family

Only the name “King” is the same as a major Lincolnshire county family – the King family of Ashby de la Launde. The King line in the Epton family tree was in North Hykeham in the 18th century which is about 15 miles from Ashby de la Launde to the south of Lincoln. However, research so far undertaken does not reveal a direct connection between Miss Epton’s ancestors and the King family of Ashby de la Launde whose pedigree has been documented (Lincolnshire Archives. Ref, FANE 2/2/4/1).

An occasion of the right date which would have merited wearing a special gown was the marriage of the 3 x great grandparents of Miss Epton, Mary King and Henry Derbyshire (spelt Darbyshire in other records) which took place in Lincoln on 4 May 1736. The marriage, which was after banns, is recorded in the register of the church of St Margaret in the Close which was demolished in the 1770s and then united with the benefice of St Peter in Eastgate. The church was next to Lincoln Cathedral and some weddings which took place in the Cathedral were recorded in the register of the church of St Margaret in the Close. Many of those marrying there were from parishes outside the city. They possibly married in the church immediately after obtaining their marriage licences from the Diocesan registrar. Mary King and Henry Darbyshire were both resident in North Hykeham when they married.

Mary King’s baptism was recorded in the register of North & South Hykeham parish on 23 June 1717. Her parents were Robert and Sarah King. Both Robert and Sarah left wills. Robert was described as a “yeoman” and Sarah outlived her husband. Robert and Sarah were both unable to write, a shown by the marks they made on their wills. Robert King had a house and some land to bequeath, but he did not have considerable wealth.

Henry Darbyshire was described as a farmer in his will. He referred in his will to copyhold land which he had purchased. He did sign his will.

For whatever reason, Henry and Mary chose to marry in Lincoln, possibly in the Cathedral, but certainly in the church within the Cathedral precinct rather than their local parish church.

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4. Inheriting the mantua – Miss Epton’s maternal ancestors

From information given by Miss Epton, it is known that the mantua was definitely kept in the Epton household in the care of Miss Epton’s mother, Sarah Elizabeth Epton (née Brocklesby), who died in 1926. As a female item of clothing and knowing of Miss Epton’s mother’s especial affection for it, there is perhaps a stronger case for the mantua to have originated with Miss Epton’s maternal ancestors, rather than via her father’s line.

The mantua was a treasured possession, but its survival for two hundred years from the date when it was made, in about 1735, was perhaps only guaranteed because there was a smooth transfer from one generation to the next within a confined geographical area. It is noteworthy, also, that Miss Epton’s female ancestors, on her mother’s side, tended to be extremely long-lived, perhaps resulting in less physical disruption for the mantua.

The mantua may perhaps have reached the Epton household by way of Sarah Elizabeth Epton’s mother, Charlotte Brocklesby (née Farr).

In her old age, possibly from 1894, but certainly by 1901, until her death, at the age of 97, in 1915, Charlotte lived in the household of her daughter and son-in-law (Miss Epton’s parents).

Below: Census return for the Epton household at Langworth, 2 April 1911.

Courtesy of The National Archives. Ref, RG number: RG14, Piece: 19766 Reference: RG14PN19766 RG78PN1183 RD418 SD3 ED3 SN70

In 1911 Charlotte Brocklesby (née Farr) was living with her daughter’s family with her nurse in attendance.

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After giving up her farm in Bullington and before moving to live with her daughter, Charlotte Brocklesby lived with her unmarried son, Langley. This was some time between 1871 and 1881.

Certainly Bullington Hall was put up for sale in July 1875 (Lincolnshire Archives. Ref, PADLEY 3/409, 3 July 1875) The sale was possibly brought about by the death of Sarah Farr and increasing age of her daughter, Charlotte Brocklesby.

As going to live with Langley meant moving at a distance to Surrey, Charlotte may very well have left the mantua in Lincolnshire for safe-keeping with her eldest daughter, Sarah Elizabeth Epton. If that was the case, the mantua would always have been in Miss Epton’s family house, as she herself was born in 1877.

The census returns for 1881 track Charlotte Brocklesby to Newington, Surrey where Langley was working as a dairyman. She was still with Langley in 1891, but by then they had moved to Dartford in Kent. Langley’s death was recorded in 1894, at the age of 39, so possibly she returned to Lincolnshire then. (See pages 41 & 42 below).

The unusual first name, Langley, is an interesting choice, as the name appeared in two generations of Brocklesby before Langley, son of Charlotte and Edmund dear Brocklesby, the earliest son being baptised in 1766. The name was also frequently used by the ancient county family of Gace.

Following the death of her husband, Edmund Dear Brocklesby, in late 1860, Charlotte Brocklesby had continued to manage the 400 acre farm at Bullington Hall.

Bullington Hall is a Grade 2 listed farmhouse dating from the 16th century, but further research would need to be undertaken to ascertain how it came into the Farr family.

Bullington Hall, February 2013 Photo:SM Payne

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As well managing 9 labourers and 6 boys, 9 of whom were actually living at the farm, she had been left with 5 children, aged from 5 to 16. She managed the farm with the help of her daughter, Charlotte, and unmarried sons, Edward Farr and Langley (Miss Epton’s aunt and uncles). Miss Epton’s mother had by then married William Epton and they were farming at Fox Cover, Broxholme with 4 servants.

In 1871, Charlotte Brocklesby’s household also included her mother, Sarah Farr (née Turner). Sarah had lived near to the farm in 1861, as she is listed on the next census schedule number to that of Charlotte’s household. Sarah Farr died there in 1872, aged 81. So, if the mantua was in Sarah Farr’s possession, it would easily have been left with her daughter, Charlotte, on her death.

White’s Directory, 1872 (Extract)

BULLINGTON, formerly a parish, is a small tithe-free and churchless chapelry, in the parish of Goltho. It is situated 2 ½ miles W. Of Wragby, and has only 53 souls, and about 800 acres of land belonging to J.C. Hatchett, Esq. Here was a Priory of Gilbertine monks founded by Simon Fitzwilliam, in the reign of Stephen, and afterwards enriched by the gifts of Wm. De Kyme, Alexander de Crevequer and others. At the dissolution, this priory was valued at £187. 7s. 9d. Per annum, and was granted to the Duke of Suffolk. It was finely embowered in wood; a few fragments of its ruined walls still remain, and appear to have been part of the steeple of the church, which was dedicated to St. James, and was used as the parish church. In the wood are traces of the foundations of a mansion, supposed to have been a seat of the Fitzwilliams; and in an adjacent meadow, are many moats surrounding a large area.

The PRINCIPAL INHABITANTS are Mrs Charlotte Brocklesby, The Hall; Edward Farr Brocklesby, William Cammack and Thomas Gresham, farmers.

Letters via Wragby, which is the nearest Money Order Office.

Charlotte was the only child of Edward and Sarah Farr and inherited everything from her mother, who had outlived her husband by 24 years.

Going back another generation, it is feasible that the mantua came down through Edward Farr who was the only son among six sisters. By his father’s will (Edward Farr 1739-1813), his sisters received fixed amounts of money, while Edward inherited the rest of the estate, including therefore, any property and belongings, presumably left at Bullington Hall.

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However, the possibility that the mantua descended from Sarah Elizabeth Epton’s paternal ancestors, the Brocklesby family, has also been examined.

The Brocklesbys were farmers in the Snelland area, just a few miles to the north west of Wragby. The family can be traced back to the marriage of Thomas Brocklesby and Mary Gaunt in 1731.

When Miss Epton’s great grandfather, Edmund Dear Brocklesby, died in 1861, he left a reasonable estate to his wife, Charlotte (under £6,000).

His father, also named, Edmund Dear Brocklesby, had died in 1825, leaving an estate of under £3,000 to his wife, Elizabeth, and 5 children named in the will. Edmund Dear Brocklesby, senior, bequeathed his “silver cup” to his son, Langley, but the other bequests were pecuniary. A will of his widow, Elizabeth, who died in 1852, has not been located. Like her grand-daughter’s mother in law, Charlotte Brocklesby, Elizabeth Brocklesby also managed a large farm after the death of her husband, as shown by the census returns for 1841 and 1851 for Snarford. Her unmarried daughter, Eliza, aged 35, was living with her at the time of the 1851 census.

Looking further back in this line, the father of Edmund Dear Brocklesby, senior, was William Brocklesby of Wickenby, Lincolnshire, who married Mary Dear in 1765. This marriage took place in the church of Derby All Saints. William Brocklesby was described as a “servant” according to Phillimore’s published transcription of the marriage entry.

Wills have not been identified for William or Mary Brocklesby, or William’s father, Thomas. Insufficient evidence has been found in the time available to establish William’s employer, but the fact that the marriage took place in Derbyshire, may suggest that his employer held property in Derbyshire.

Family relationships and locations have not suggested an obvious route for the mantua to have been transferred via the Brocklesby line to the Epton household, other than perhaps the possibility of a gift from a wealthy employer.

Further research has, therefore, concentrated on the Farr ancestry in view of the apparent links with the Pell family and a known mantua-maker, named Mary Varlow, who lived in the area of Langton by Wragby.

The chart below shows the family lines on Miss Epton’s mother’s side.

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THE MATERNAL ANCESTRY OF CHARLOTTE MARY EPTON

This chart shows how the ancestral family names connect and progess backwards in time.

BROCKLESBY →BROCKLESBY →BROCKLESBY →BROCKLESBY (1731) →BROCKLESBY (1731) →GAUNT (1731) →DEAR (1741)

→ HAMPSON (1777) →HAMPSON (1748) →WHITE (1757)

→FARR →FARR →FARR (1739) →BLOW (1741)

→TURNER →TURNER →TURNER →TURNER (1729) →ROBINSON (1705) →SMITH (1754) →WARD (1760)

The charts below show Miss Epton’s line from the Farr family, originally of Laughton, with the link, by marriage, to Elizabeth Pell of Tupholme Hall

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John FARR Mary Died: 1716 in Laughton, Lincs Died: aft 1716

Edward FARR Elizabeth "Edward BLOW" "Mary" Born: 14 Mar 1698 in Laughton, Lincs Died: 12 Jan 1763 in Laughton, Lincs

Edward FARR Sarah "BLOW" Philip TURNER "Margaret WARD " Born: 29 Oct 1739 in Laughton, Lincs Born: 1741 Born: 3 Nov 1754 in Lincoln St Born: 17 Feb 1760 in Harmston, Lincs Died: 20 Feb 1813 in Bullington, Marr: "12 Apr 1764" in "Sutton on Botolph, Lincs Marr: 26 May 1783 in Lincoln St Mary Goltho, Lincs Trent, Notts" Died: 8 May 1829 in Wragby, Lincs Magdalene, Lincs Died: 11 Jan 1835 in Bullington, Died: 3 Jul 1835 in Wragby, Lincs Goltho, Lincs

Edward FARR Sarah TURNER Born: 16 Aug 1772 in Laughton, Lincs Born: 19 Apr 1791 in Lincoln St Paul Died: 4 Jul 1849 in Bullington, Goltho, in the Bail, Lincs Lincs Marr: 8 Nov 1814 in Goltho, Lincs Died: 11 Mar 1872 in Bullington, Lincs

Edmund Dear BROCKLESBY Charlotte FARR Born: 27 Mar 1807 in Snelland, Lincs Born: 20 Nov 1817 in Goltho, Lincs Died: 1860 in Snelland, Lincs Marr: 27 Jul 1843 in Gautby, Lincs Died: 1915

William EPTON Sarah Elizabeth BROCKLESBY Born: 1841 in Newball, Lincs Born: 1845 in Fulnetby, Lincs Died: 1918 Marr: 19 Apr 1866 in Rand, Lincs Died: 1926

Charlotte Mary EPTON Born: 27 May 1877 in Langton by Wragby, Lincs Died: 16 Sep 1962 in Langworth, Lincs

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5. The Farr family

Miss Epton’s ancestors, the Farr family, had connections in the eighteenth century with families of appropriate economic and social distinction to commission the making of mantua.

They were of the rank of “gentlemen” with one branch marrying into an older county family – Pell of Tupholme, who were themselves, linked by marriage with the Brackenbury family.

The earliest ancestor who has been identified was John Farr of Laughton, just north of Gainsborough, who made his will on 30 March 1716. The will mentions his wife, Mary, sons John and Edward and his daughter, Mary.

Edward was the great (x2) grandfather of Miss Epton, while John was the grandfather of the Edward Farr who married Elizabeth Pell, one of the daughters of Paul Pell, Esquire, of Tupholme Hall. As both branches of the Farr family moved away from Laughton and eventually settled in the Wragby area, it is feasible that they remained in contact. If the mantua belonged to Elizabeth Farr (née Pell), it may have been passed to other relations.

John moved from Laughton to farm at Cammeringham. He left a will which was proved on 8 July 1737. He appears to have remained close to his brother, Edward, as he may have been the Edward Farr who signed as a witness to his will.

Edward, however, continued farming in Laughton until his death in 1776. While he left money to his son Michael and daughter Mary, he left the residue of his estate to his son Edward (Miss Epton’s great grandfather).

Cammeringham church and the Farr tomb Photos: SM Payne stone

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It was Thomas who first made the move to the Wragby area. When he died at Strubby, near Langton by Wragby, he was described as a “gentleman”. Thomas had married Elizabeth Howson in Cammeringham in 1739. Elizabeth may have been the sister, or other female relation of Francis Howson, vicar of Cammeringam, so by this marriage, Thomas may have consolidated links with the well-educated gentry class. However, further research would be needed to validate this suggestion.

Thomas had established himself in Langton by Wragby by the time of the birth of his second son in 1748 and his name appears as a parish officer in the parish vestry book of Langton by Wragby from 1750 until his death in 1781. He was variously churchwarden, overseer of the highways and overseer of the poor. During this period he seems to have been in charge of dispensing money from Saltmarsh’s charity for poor apprentices and gowns for poor widows. His sons Francis and Edward continued as parish officers. As the 19th century progressed, the names of William Epton and William Martin Epton also appear as parish officers in the same vestry book, showing the opportunities for the ancestors of Miss Epton on both sides were involved in the public affairs of the same local community.

Thomas’ cousin, Edward Farr, who was Miss Epton’s great grandfather married, possibly Sarah Blow in Sutton on Trent in 1764.

Edward and Sarah had their first six children in Laughton, but in 1782, their youngest daughter, Charlotte was baptised in Goltho parish church. It is possible, therefore, that the Farr family moved into Bullington Hall between 1778 and 1782. At the time of his death in 1813, he was established in Bullington in Goltho, near Wragby, as a farmer and grasier. His son, Edward and then his grand-daughter, Charlotte, when she married Edmund Dear Brocklesby of Snelland, continued to farm at Bullington.

The Tudor brick-built St George’s Church, Goltho on 29

September 2013. It was destroyed by fire three weeks later.

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St George’sChurch,Goltho, 29 Sept 2013 Photos:SM Payne

In his will Edward Farr’s specified that he left his estate to his only son.

Thomas’s sons Francis and Edward were near contemporaries of Edward. Francis was born in 1744 (in Cammeringham) and his brother in 1748 (in Langton by Wragby), while Miss Epton’s great grandfather, Edward, was born in 1739 (in Laughton). It was Edward Farr, born in 1748, who married Elizabeth Pell of Tupholme Hall and continued to live in Minting.

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o Saltmarsh’s Charity & Mary Varlow, mantua-maker

It was while he was administering the Saltmarsh Charity in Langton by Wragby that Thomas Farr was responsible for paying the fee to Mrs Mary Varlow for separately taking two girls, one named Mary Smith and the other, Elizabeth Smith of Langon by Wragby, as apprentices to learn mantua-making.

The payments are recorded in the vestry account book and two receipts also survive as shown below.

If Mary Varlow was an established mantua-maker in 1758, she could have been making mantuas in about 1735 and, therefore, may have been the maker of the mantua left in Miss Epton’s possession.

LA: Langton by Wragby Par 13/1/2

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LA: Langton by Wragby Par 13/1/4

Varlow is not a common name, although different spellings (Varley, Varloe, Verlow, Farlow etc) of the name may cause some confusion when trying to trace Mary’s marriage and burial.

Certainly there was a “Varlow”, sometimes spelt “Varley”, family in Wragby during the 18th century. A well-known Varlow family were much later based in Caistor owning “Varlow & Son Outfitters” and “Thomas Varlow & Sons, Grocers, drapers of Brigg & Caistor”.

Two marriages are recorded showing a Mary marrying a John Varley:

LA: Horncastle Par 1/4 (image 5) Mary Bocock and John Varley of Goltho, 22 April 1728

LA: Wragby Par 1/2 (image 31) Mary Mansfield and John Varley, 20 Nov 1733

It has not yet been established whether Mary Bocock died and that the same John Varley married Mary Mansfield.

The following baptisms were recorded in the Wragby parish register:

LA: Wragby Par 1/2 (29) 5 May 1729 - Anne Varlow was baptised. Parents: John & Mary Varlow.

The burial of Ann Varlow is recorded at Wragby on 15 February 1802 – aged 74.

LA: Wragby Par 1/2 (30) E Mar 1730/31 - Elizabeth Varlow was baptised. Parents: John & Mary Varlow.

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LA: Wragby Par 1/2 (31) 13 Feb 1732/33 – Rebeckah Varlow was baptised. Parents: John & Mary Varlow.

The burials of two John Varlow s were recorded in the Wragby parish registers:

LA: Wragby Par 1/2 (image 34) 22 August 1740 - burial of John Varlow

LA: Wragby Par 1/3 (image 3) 12 January 1745/46 - burial of John Varlow

It is possible that one John Varlow is the father of the other, as there is a baptism of a John Varlow in Stixwould, a village only a few miles from Wragby, recorded in the parish register on 9 June 1706, the son of John Varlow.

The burial of a Mary Varlow was recorded in the Wragby parish register:

LA: Wragby Par 1/3 (image 16) 8 December 1776 - burial of Mary Varlow, widow

Further research would be needed in order to try to establish the Varlow family connections.

o Elizabeth Farr (née Pell)

Charlotte Mary Epton’s great (x2) grandfather’s cousin married Elizabeth Pell of Tupholme, gentlewoman in 1773. The marriage bond is below:

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However her husband, Edward Farr of Minting, grasier, died in 1785 and Elizabeth herself died the following year, leaving their children, Thomas and Mary, in the guardianship of their uncle, Francis Farr.

Of particular interest is that Elizabeth Farr (née Pell) specified three items of clothing as bequests to her sisters. :

Mrs Thistlewood wife of Mr Thistlewood of Bardney, grazier, a Silk Gown

Elizabeth’s sister, Ann Pell, married William Thistlewood of Gautby in 1769. William was no doubt a member of the same Thistlewood family who included Thomas Thistlewood, the slave overseer in Jamaica until his death in 1786, and John Thistlewood, the land surveyor. The will of a William Thistlewood of Bardney, gentleman, was proved in 1794.

My sister, Mary Pell of Lincoln, spinster, a Black Gown

LA: LCC WILLS 1785/63

To my sister Brackenbury, a Jackett Habit and Hatt”

Elizabeth’s sister, Jane Pell, married John Brackenbury of Halton Holegate in 1779, but may have died herself in 1786.

LA: LCC WILLS 1785/63 (codicil)

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6. Lincolnshire mantua-makers

References to mantua-makers or dress-makers in the indexes to surviving 18th century records in Lincolnshire are rare, so it did seem exceptional to have found documents recording the existence of a mantua-maker in the same part of Lincolnshire as Miss Epton’s mantua appears to have originated and been preserved for 200 years.

Other references found are:

Apprentices

Long Sutton Par 13/13/29 Ann Anderer, daughter of John Anderer of Long Sutton to Ann Vurley of Sutton St Mary, mantua maker, 1764

Wigtoft Par 13/48/21 Elizabeth Copeland to Tabitha Radley of Boston, mantua-maker, 1755

STOW WILLS 1790/94/17 Will of Ann Brown of Haxey, widow and mantua-maker

Coningsby Parish 13/1/20 Apprenticeship indenture for Rebecca Leary to Robert Brown and Anne his wife of Louth, 1784. Trade: mantua-maker

Cowbit Parish 13/9/1-27 Apprenticeship indenture for Mary Merrill to Susanna Edwards of Spalding, mantua- maker, 1799

LA: L1/5/2 (LFHS index in search room) The Lincoln City Freemen’s register records a number of tailors and bodice makers, c. 1700-1738.

Further investigation of the estate and family archive collections which have not been fully indexed may reveal accounts and bills for mantuas and fabrics. For example, LTTP gave a reference to the personal bills of Lady Anne Brownlow, who married Sir Richard Cust in September 1717, which dated 1715-19. They included "Glazed Callico?Stripte Dimity?Rich Green Damaske?Blue Rosetta?Cherry & White Narrow Manto?Red & yellow pertian [Persian]?Pink & blew Mantua"; "an ivery stick fan"; "Cherry poynt'd silk hose"; "a black allamod Hood"; "a fine Lether fan with stud'd sticks"; "a Glass sprig?silver ribin?a silver knott & flours?a Spoted Nett Hood?a white apron with purple & silver?a paper of patches"; "fine Black & White Crape?Black Shagreen?Rich white Genoa Damask?Richest black Dutch Manto"; etc. (Lincolnshire Archives. Ref, BNLW/4/6/20/1).

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The Stamford Mercury

Publication date:Thursday 16 April 1724:

Publication date: Thursday 19 April 1739:

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7. County families& their houses

These notes relate to families who had large houses in the Wragby area in the 18th century. The sources are: Lost Lincolnshire County Houses by Terence R Leach & Robert Pacey and Lincolnshire Houses by Henry Thorold.

They include illustrations taken from the drawings by John Claude Nattes (c.1765-1839) which were commissioned by Sir Joseph Banks (now retained at Lincoln Central Library) and photographs by Maple Bedford (Lincolnshire Life).

Tupholme Hall – the first home of the Vyner family, modest in comparison with their second home, Gautby Hall, said to have been one of the greatest mansions in Lincolnshire. Robert Vyner (1717-1799) of Gautby was MP for Lincolnshire.

The Pell family occupied Tupholme Hall from the 1770s. The Thistlewoods were agents of the Vyner family. There is a drawing of Tupholme Hall before it was pulled down (LA: RA 3/9).

Goltho Hall – occupied by the Grantham family and demolished before 1812. One descendant ended up as a farm labourer at Langton by Wragby.

Panton Hall – Building began in 1714 by Joseph Gace. Gace’s daughter married Carr Brackenbury and the house remained for two generations with the Brackenburys. It was then purchased by the Turnors of Stoke Rochford after the Gace family ran into debt in 1731.

Certainly the locality around Wragby was a prime area for the Turnor family to buy up land from landed estates going into debt from the 18th century, as the Turnor archive at Lincolnshire Archives indicates.

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ONLINE INDEXES, CATALOGUES & ORIGINAL SOURCES

Family Search (IGI): Indexes including baptisms, marriages and burials. www.FamilySearch.org

Lincolnshire Archives: county archives service provided by Lincolnshire County Council. www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/archives/

Lincolnshire digitised archive resources provided by Lincolnshire County Council. www.lincstothepast.com/

The National Archives online catalogue http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/default.asp?j=1

The Internet Library http://archive.org/ AR Maddison, Lincolnshire Pedigrees, (Harleian Society, London, 1904)

Census, marriage & burial indexes, apprenticeship indentures index, General Register Office indexes to births, deaths & marriages, historical local newspapers (subscription website) http://www.findmypast.co.uk

Historical local trade directories http://www.historicaldirectories.org/hd/

Phillimore’s published marriage indexes http://www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/cgi-bin/browse.cgi?action=ViewRec&DB=8&bookID=14&page=1

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Terence Leach, The Turnors and their Wragby Estates – (Lincolnshire Archives, A: R. BOX. L929.2.TUR/LEA)

Henry Thorold, Lincolnshire Houses (LA: search room)

Terence Leach, Lincolnshire houses & their families, Norwich, 1990 (Lincolnshire Archives: search room)

Terence Leach & Robert Pacey, Lost Lincolnshire country houses, vols 1-4, Burgh le Marsh, 1990-1993 (Lincolnshire Archives search room)

AR Maddison, Lincolnshire Pedigrees, Harleian Society, London, 1904 (Lincolnshire Archives search room)

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ORIGINAL SOURCES

Archives References Coverage School log book LA: SR 803/8/1 Charlotte Mary Epton’s entries in the North Willingham school log book 1925-1942 Parish records LA: Langton by Wragby Vestry Book – parish officers’ Par 10/1 accounts 1636-1893 Parish records LA: Langton by Wragby Receipt for taking Mary Smith Par 13/1/2 as apprentice to Mary Varlow, mantua-maker, 1858 Parish records LA: Langton by Wragby Receipt for taking Elizabeth Par 13/1/4 Smith as apprentice to Mary Varlow, mantua-maker, 1860 Probate LA: LCC WILLS 1738/132 Robert King of North Hykeham, yeoman Probate LA: LCC WILLS 1750/111 Sarah King of North Hykeham, widow Probate LA: LCC WILLS 1783/1/59 Henry Darbyshire of North Hykeham, farmer Probate LA: LCC WILLS 1841/224 James Kennewell of Hatton, farmer Probate LA: LCC WILLS 1842/130 Robert Epton of Langton by Wragby, farmer & land agent Probate LA: LINCOLN WILL Charlotte Epton of Lincoln, 1880/i/386 widow Probate LA: LINCOLN WILLS Elizabeth Epton of Lincoln, 1906/246 spinster Probate LA: STOW WILLS 1711- John Farr of Laughton 16/69 Probate LA: STOW WILLS 1732- John Farr of Cammeringham 37/82 Probate LA: STOW WILLS 1772- Edward Farr of Laughton, 77/137,138 farmer Probate LA: LCC WILLS 1781/80 Thomas Farr of Strubby, gent

Probate LA: LCC WILLS: 1785/63 Edward Farr of Minting, grazier

Probate LA: LCC WILLS 1786/90 Elizabeth Farr of Minting, widow Probate LA: LCC WILLS 1813/95 Edward Farr of Bullington, farmer & grazier Probate LA: LCC WILLS 1850/129 Edward Farr of Bullingotn, Goltho Probate LA: LINCOLN WILL Sarah Farr of Bullington, widow 1874/ii/759

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Probate LA: LCC WILLS 1825/44 Edmund Dear Brocklesby

Probate LA: LINCOLN WILLS: Edmund Dear Brocklesby 1861/i/143 Pedigrees LA: FANE 2/2/4/1 Pedigree of the King family of Ashby de la Launde Pedigrees LA: DIXON 15/3/33,34 Pedigrees of the Pell family of Bardney and Tupholme

Parish register extracts

First Surname names Event Date Place Source Notes Parents: 11 Nov LA: Rand Par 1/1 Thomas & Mary BROCKLESBY William Baptism 1739 Rand (24) Brocklesby Parents: 14 Aug LA: Scothern Par William & Mary BROCKELSBY William Baptism 1768 Scothern 1/2 (60) Brockelsby Parents: 3 Jul LA: Scothern Par William & Mary BROCKELSBY Thomas Baptism 1774 Scothern 1/2 (63) Brockelsby Parents: Edmund 7 Mar LA: Scothern Par William & Mary BROCKELSBY Dear Baptism 1779 Scothern 1/2 (66) Brockelsby Aged 74. Wife LA: Stainton by of William 29 Aug Stainton by Langworth Par Brocklesby. BROCKLESBY Mary Burial 1815 Langworth 1/6 (2) Home: Scothern 2 Aug LA: Snelland Par BROCKLESBY Juliet Baptism 1805 Snelland 1/2 (22) Edmund 27 Mar LA: Snelland Par BROCKLESBY Dear Baptism 1807 Snelland 1/2 (22) Parents: Edmund Dear 27 Aug LA: Snelland Par & Elizabeth BROCKLESBY Elizabeth Baptism 1809 Snelland 1/2 (23) Brocklesby LA: Carlton le Parents: 30 Jan Carlton le Moorland Par William & Mary BROCKLESBY Ann Baptism 1785 Moorland 1/2 (9) Brocklesby LA: Carlton le Parents: 29 Sep Carlton le Moorland Par William & Ann BROCKLESBY Mary Baptism 1790 Moorland 1/2 (10) Brocklesby

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LA: Carlton le Parents: 5 May Carlton le Moorland Par William & Ann BROCKLESBY William Baptism 1793 Moorland 1/2 (10) Brocklesby 26 Jul BROCKLESBY William Burial 1837 Snelland NBI Aged 96 Edmund 27 Jul Gautby & BROCKLESBY Dear Marriage 1843 Goltho IGI Of N & S Hykeham. Married James Kennewell. JK signed. ED her mark. Witnesses: John Johnson, William LA: North & Stainfield (his 21 Apr North & South South Hykeham mark). Banns. DARBYSHIRE Elizabeth Marriage 1772 Hykeham Par 1/2 (10) Mark. LA: North & Parents: Henry 16 May North & South South Hykeham and Mary DARBYSHIRE Elizabeth Baptism 1742 Hykeham Par 1/1 (39) Darbyshire LA: North & 23 Oct North & South South Hykeham LCC WILLS DARBYSHIRE Henry Burial 1782 Hykeham Par 1/1 (70) 1783/i/59 LA: North & 22 Dec North & South South Hykeham DARBYSHIRE Thomas Burial 1783 Hykeham Par 1/1 (71) LA: North & 28 Feb North & South South Hykeham DARBYSHIRE Als Burial 1783 Hykeham Par 1/1 (71) LA: Lincoln St Married Mary Lincoln St Margaret in the King by banns - 4 May Margaret in the Close Par 1/2 both of North DERBYSHIRE Henry Marriage 1736 Close (44) Hykeham LA: Langton by William 25 Nov Langton by Wragby Par 1/3 EPTON Martin Baptism 1809 Wragby (4) LA: Langton by George 25 Nov Langton by Wragby Par 1/3 EPTON Martin Baptism 1809 Wragby (4) LA: Langton by 19 Feb Langton by Wragby Par 1/3 EPTON Mary Baptism 1812 Wragby (4) LA: Langton by 24 Apr Langton by Wragby Par 1/3 EPTON Lucy Baptism 1814 Wragby (7) 32 | P a g e © Susan Payne, BA (Oxon), Dip Arch Admin (Bangor)

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LA: Langton by 30 Jun Langton by Wragby Par 1/3 EPTON Jane Baptism 1816 Wragby (8) LA: Langton by 13 Dec Langton by Wragby Par 1/3 EPTON Ann Baptism 1818 Wragby (10) LA: Langton by 20 May Langton by Wragby Par 1/3 EPTON Frances Baptism 1821 Wragby (11) LA: Langton by 16 May Langton by Wragby Par 1/3 EPTON Harriet Baptism 1824 Wragby (13) 16 May LA: Ravendale To Frances EPTON Robert Marriage 1808 Ravendale Par 1/3 (10) Wattam? 24 Apr, 1, LA: Donington 8 May Donington on on Bain Par 1/3 To Frances EPTON Robert Banns 1808 Bain (17) Wattam? LA: Great Parents: 9 Apr Carlton Par 1/2 William & Mary EPTON Robert Baptism 1786 Great Carlton (18) Epton LA: Great Parents: 8 Aug Carlton Par 1/2 William & Mary EPTON William Baptism 1783 Great Carlton (17) Epton

Bachelor, spinster.Their marks. Witnesses: Robert Epton 19 Dec LA: Manby Par and Thomas EPTON William Marriage 1782 Manby 1/2 (10) Lardar

Married Charlotte Kennewell. Witnesses: William 19 May LA: Hatton Par James Epton & EPTON Martin Marriage 1835 Hatton 1/5 (8) William Scorer

LA: 13 Mar Cammeringham To Elizabeth FARR Thomas Marriage 1738/39 Cammeringham Par 1/2 (4) Howson LA: Parents: 10 Jan Cammeringham Thomas & FARR Charles Baptism 1740/41 Cammeringham Par 1/2 (4) Elizabeth Farr

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LA: Parents: 30 Dec Cammeringham Thomas & FARR Mary Baptism 1740 Cammeringham Par 1/2 (4) Elizabeth Farr LA: Parents: 4 Oct Cammeringham Thomas & FARR Charles Burial 1744 Cammeringham Par 1/2 (5) Elizabeth Farr LA: Parents: 6 Aug Cammeringham Thomas & FARR Thomas Baptism 1743 Cammeringham Par 1/2 (5) Elizabeth Farr LA: Parents: 27 Oct Cammeringham Thomas & FARR Francis Baptism 1744 Cammeringham Par 1/2 (5) Elizabeth Farr LA: Parents: 7 Sep Cammeringham Thomas & FARR Mary Burial 1745 Cammeringham Par 1/2 (5) Elizabeth Farr LA: Parents: 17 Dec Cammeringham Thomas & FARR Thomas Burial 1745 Cammeringham Par 1/2 (5) Elizabeth Farr LA: 2 Apr Cammeringham FARR Ann Burial 1747 Cammeringham Par 1/2 (6) Parents: Mr LA: Langton by Thos Farre and 13Apr Langton by Wragby Par 1/2 Elizabeth his FARR Edward Baptism 1748 Wragby (4) wife Parents: 10 Nov Edward and FARR Charlotte Baptism 1817 Goltho IGI Sarah Farr 27 Jul Gautby & FARR Charlotte Marriage 1843 Goltho IGI EF of Goltho married Sarah 8 Nov LFHS index BT & Turner of FARR Edward Marriage 1814 Goltho MB Wragby Parents: 16 Aug LA: Laughton Par Edward & Sarah FARR Edward Baptism 1772 Laughton 1/5 (3) Farr Parents: 16 Jun LA: Goltho Par Edward & Sarah FARR Charlotte Baptism 1782 Goltho 1/5 (6) Farr 20 Feb LA: Goltho Par FARR Edward Burial 1813 Bullington 1/6 (3) Aged 73 11 Jan LA: Goltho Par FARR Sarah Burial 1835 Bullington 1/6 (8) Aged 94 By banns. Widow. To 8 Dec LA: Reepham Par James FLATTERS Elizabeth Marriage 1812 Reepham 1/4 (15) Kennewell

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13 Nov LA: Reepham Par FLATTERS Elizabeth Baptism 1808 Reepham 1/3 (9) 28 Feb LA: Reepham Par FLATTERS Sarah Baptism 1806 Reepham 1/3 (9) 11 Jul LA: Reepham Par FLATTERS Jacob Burial 1808 Reepham 1/3 (13)

Parents: Robert 13 Jul LA: Snelland Par & Penelope HAMPTON Elizabeth Baptism 1777 Snelland 1/2 (17) Hampton 3 Jul Not found in HAMPTON Robert Marriage 1775 Grantham LA: Grantham register (IGI ref) 18 Mar LA: Snelland Par Aged 68, HAMPTON Robert Burial 1811 Snelland 1/2 (23) widower 7 Apr LA: Scothern Par KENEWELL Elizabeth Burial 1807 Scothern 1/2 (82) Aged 65 Parents: James Kennewel and 4 Feb LA: Scothern Par Elizabeth his KENNEWEL Sarah Baptism 1779 Scothern 1/2 (66) wife Parents: James Kennewel and 10 Oct LA: Scothern Par Elizabeth his KENNEWEL Henry Baptism 1777 Scothern 1/2 (66) wife Daughter of LA: North & James Kenewell 6 Mar North & South South Hykeham and Elizabeth KENEWELL Elizabeth Baptism 1774 Hykeham Par 1/1 (62) his wife Daughter of LA: North & James Kenewell 6 Dec North & South South Hykeham and Elizabeth KENEWELL Mary Baptism 1772 Hykeham Par 1/1 (60) his wife Daughter of James Kennewell and 7 Mar LA: Scothern Par Elizabeth his KENNEWELL Frances Baptism 1784 Scothern 1/2 (70) wife Son of James & 5 Jan LA: Scothern Par Elizabeth KENNEWEL John Baptism 1787 Scothern 1/2 (73) Kennewel Daughter of James Kennewell and 28 Jun LA: Scothern Par Elizabeth his KENNEWELL Frances Burial 1796 Scothern 1/2 (76) wife

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Daughter of James Kennewell and 3 Dec LA: Scothern Par Elizabeth his KENNEWELL Sarah Baptism 1797 Scothern 1/2 (77) wife By banns. To Elizabeth 8 Dec LA: Reepham Par Flatters, widow KENNEWELL James Marriage 1812 Reepham 1/4 (15) [nee Scorer] Parents: James 30 Dec LA: Reepham Par & Elizabeth KENNEWELL Charlotte Baptism 1813 Reepham 1/3 (9) Kennewell Parents: James 25 Apr LA: Reepham Par & Mary KENNEWELL James Baptism 1809 Reepham 1/3 (9) Kennewell Parents: James 29 Nov LA: Reepham Par & Mary KENNEWELL Elizabeth Baptism 1805 Reepham 1/3 (9) Kennewell Parents: James 28 Dec LA: Reepham Par & Mary KENNEWELL Frances Baptism 1807 Reepham 1/3 (9) Kennewell 8 Jul LA: Reepham Par KENNEWEL Mary Burial 1810 Reepham 1/3 (13)

Married: William Martin Epton. Both signed. Witnesses, James Epton & William Scorer - 19 May LA: Hatton Par signed. By KENNEWELL Elizabeth Marriage 1835 Hatton 1/5 (8) licence. Married Mary Marson of LA: Stoke Easton. 4 Feb Rochford Par 1/3 Witness: Alice KENNEWELL James Marriage 1799 Stoke Rochford (18) Houghton.

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Of N & S Hykeham. Married Elizabeth Darbyshire. Witnesses: John Johnson, William LA: North & Stainfield (his 21 Apr North & South South Hykeham mark). Banns. KENNEWELL James Marriage 1772 Hykeham Par 1/2 (10) Signature. Parents: James LA: North & Kanawell and 19 Nov North & South South Hykeham Elizabeth his KANAWELL James Baptism 1775 Hykeham Par 1/1 (64) wife. 29 Jan National Burial KENWELL James Burial 1841 Hatton Index Aged 66 17 Jul National Burial KENNEWELL Elizabeth Burial 1849 Hatton Index Aged 75 10 Nov LA: Scothern Par KENNEWELL James Burial 1817 Scothern 1/7 (5) Aged 84 LA: Willingham 2 Jan Willingham by by Stow Par 1/1 To Elizabeth KING Samuel Marriage 1682 Stow (35) Keylee LA: Willingham Willingham by by Stow Par 1/1 Parents: Samuel KING Robert Baptism Aug 1684 Stow (36) & Elizabeth King Married Sarah 18 May LA: Brattleby Par Maltby, both of KING Robert Marriage 1708 Brattleby 1/1 (9) Brattleby LA: North & 23 June North & South South Hykeham Parents: Robert KING Mary Baptism 1717 Hykeham Par 1/1 (23) & Sarah King Married Henry LA: Lincoln St Derbyshire by Lincoln St Margaret in the banns. Both of 4 May Margaret in the Close Par 1/2 North KING Mary Marriage 1736 Close (44) Hykeham. 21 Mar LA: Brattleby Par Father: Robert KING Mary Baptism 1708 Brattleby 1/1 (9) King 9 Feb LA: Brattleby Par Father: Robert KING Mary Burial 1711 Brattleby 1/1 (10) King 19 Feb LA: Brattleby Par Father: Robert KING William Baptism 1710 Brattleby 1/1 (9) King 6 May LA: Brattleby Par Parents: Robert KING William Burial 1710 Brattleby 1/1 (10) & Sarah KIng

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LA: North & 16 Dec North & South South Hykeham Parents: Robert KING John Baptism 1712 Hykeham Par 1/1 (19) & Sarah KIng LA: North & 19 Mar North & South South Hykeham Parents: Robert KING Robert Baptism 1720 Hykeham Par 1/1 (26) & Sarah KIng LA: North & 11 Nov North & South South Hykeham KINGE Robert Burial 1738 Hykeham Par 1/1 (37) LA: North & 21 Sep North & South South Hykeham KING Sarah Burial 1750 Hykeham Par 1/1 (44) Widow LA: Saxilby Par Parents: John & MAULTBY Sarah Baptism Saxilby 1/1 (94) Mary Maultby Married James Kennewell of LA: Stoke Bassingthorpe. 4 Feb Rochford Par 1/3 Witness: Alice MARSON Mary Marriage 1799 Stoke Rochford (18) Houghton. John Scorer. Banns. LA: Norton Witnesses: John 1 Oct Disney Par 1/4 Baite, John PALMER Elizabeth Marriage 1771 Norton Disney (6) Beedham LA: Norton Parents: 18 Jun Disney Par 1/2 William Palmer PALMER Elizabeth Baptism 1752 Norton Disney (14) & Hannah 30 Jan LA: Norton Married 1751 Disney Par 1/2 Hannah PALMER William Marriage (NS) Norton Disney (14) Johnson LA: Norton 31 May Disney Par 1/2 Parents: John & PALMER William Baptism 1730 Norton Disney (13) Alice Palmer LA: Norton 2 May Disney Par 1/2 Married Alice PALMER John Marriage 1723 Norton Disney (11) Winfield Parents: Nicholas LA: Norton Palmer, farmer, 7 Mar Disney Par 1/2 and Mary his PALMER John Baptism 1699 Norton Disney (7) wife LA: Norton 12 May Disney Par 1/2 Married Mary PALMER Nicholas Marriage 1698 Norton Disney (6) Willows

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Married Jacob FLATTERS. Mark of Jacob Flatters Signature:"Eliza bath Scorrer". 16 May LA: Waddington Both of SCORER Elizabeth Marriage 1805 Waddington Par 1/5 (5) Waddington. Married Ann Norton, widow,. Witnesses: Sarah ------& LA: Lincoln St William Norton. 10 Dec Lincoln St Peter Peter in Eastgate By licence - see SCORER William Marriage 1816 in Eastgate Par 1/6 (10) MB 29 May LA: Fiskerton Par Parents: John & SCORER Elizabeth Baptism 1774 Fiskerton 1/2 (37) Elizabeth Scorer Elizabeth Palmer. Banns. LA: Norton Witnesses: John 1 Oct Disney Par 1/4 Baite, John SCORER John Marriage 1771 Norton Disney (6) Beedham LA: Carlton le Parents: Henry 11 Sep Carlton le Moorland Par & Bridget SCORER John Baptism 1748 Moorland 1/2 (2) Scorer LA: Lincoln St Parents: Philip 19 Apr Paul in the Bail & Margaret TURNER Sarah Baptism 1791 Lincoln Par 1/2 (21) Turner By licence. Aged over 21. Of Lincoln St Nicholas. Bachelor. Signed. Witnesses: LA: Lincoln St Ralph Brown 26 May Mary Magdalene and Samuel TURNER Philip Marriage 1783 Lincoln Par 1/4 (136) Brown. 3 Jul LA: Wragby Par TURNER Margaret Burial 1835 Wragby 1/14 (19) Aged 76 8 May LA: Wragby Par TURNER Philip Burial 1829 Wragby 1/14 (15) Aged 74 11 Jan TURNER Philip Marriage 1754 Branston LFHS index 15 Sep LA: Boultham To Hannah TURNER Philip Marriage 1729 Boultham Par 1/1/2(8) Robinson LA: Lincoln St Parents: Phillip 25 Apr John in Newport & TURNER Mary Baptism 1731 Lincoln Par 1/1 (5) HannahTurner 39 | P a g e © Susan Payne, BA (Oxon), Dip Arch Admin (Bangor)

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LA: Lincoln St Parents: Phillip ?5 Feb John in Newport & TURNER Phillip Baptism 1735 Lincoln Par 1/1 (6) HannahTurner LA: Lincoln St Parents: Phillip 8 Mar John in Newport & TURNER Henry Baptism 1736 Lincoln Par 1/1 (8) HannahTurner LA: Lincoln St Parents: Phillip 30 Jun John in Newport & TURNER Joseph Baptism 1730 Lincoln Par 1/1 (5) HannahTurner LA: Lincoln St Parents: Phillip 29 Apr John in Newport & TURNER John Baptism 1738 Lincoln Par 1/1 (9) HannahTurner By licence. Aged over 21. Of Lincoln St Michael. Spinster. Signed. Witnesses: LA: Lincoln St Ralph Brown 26 May Mary Magdalene and Samuel WARD Charlotte Marriage 1783 Lincoln Par 1/4 (136) Brown. Parents: 17 Feb LA: Harmston William & WARD Margaret Baptism 1760 Harmston Par 1/2 (19) Elizabeth Ward 16 May LA: Ravendale To Robert WATTAM Frances Marriage 1808 Ravendale Par 1/3 (10) Epton? 24 Apr, 1, LA: Donington 8 May Donington on on Bain Par 1/3 To Robert WATTAM Frances Banns 1808 Bain (17) Epton? 3 Jul Not found in WHITE Penelope Marriage 1775 Grantham LA: Grantham register (IGI ref) LA: Norton 12 May Disney Par 1/2 Married WILLOWS Mary Marriage 1698 Norton Disney (6) Nicholas Palmer LA: Norton 2 May Disney Par 1/2 Married John WINFIELD Alice Marriage 1723 Norton Disney (11) Palmer LA: Norton 19 Apr Disney Par 1/2 Father: George WINFIELD Alice Baptism 1697 Norton Disney (6) Winfield LA: Norton Married 19 Disney Par 1/2 Hannah WINFIELD George Marriage May1683 Norton Disney (4) Chappell

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Census copies –Charlotte Brocklesby, ref: Page 14 above

1881 census return Piece:551 Folio:82 Page: 1 Registration District: St Saviour Southwark Civil Parish: Newington Municipal Borough: Address: 39, Delverton Road, Newington County: London, Surrey

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Ref: Page 14 above

1891 census return Piece:635 Folio:98 Page: 4 Registration District: Dartford Civil Parish: Bexley Municipal Borough: Address: West Kent Dairy, Main Road, Bexley, Bexley Heath

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CITATIONS & ABBREVIATIONS

Archive or Citation in full source abbreviation BL The British Library, 96 Euston Road, London, NW1 2D LA or LAO Lincolnshire Archives, St Rumbold Street, Lincoln, LN2 5AB (formerly known as the Lincolnshire Archives Office). Lincolnshire County Council LCL Lincoln Central Library, Free School Lane, Lincoln, LN2 1EZ. Lincolnshire County Council LTTP Lincs to the Past (online Heritage collections, Lincolnshire County Council) TNA The National Archives of the UK, The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 4DU: (formerly known as the Public Record Office)

Other Definition /details abbreviation/ term n.d. Not dated p or pp page or pages Ref Reference

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Cover references

Lincolnshire Archives. Lincolnshire Archives. Ref, LCC WILLS 1786/90 Ref, LCC WILLS 1781/70

The British Library/Lincoln Central Library. The British Library/Lincoln Central Stamford Mercury, Library. Stamford Mercury, Thurs 16 April 1724 Thurs 19 April 1739

The British Library/Lincoln Central Lincolnshire Archives. Library. Stamford Mercury, Ref, Langton by Wragby Par 13/1/2 1 March 1733

The National Archives. Ref, Census 1851 (HO107 piece 2106 folio 18 page 11)

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Acknowledgements

I am extremely grateful to the following organisations, and to the people who work within them, for enabling me to carry out this research.

. Lincolnshire Archives, Lincolnshire County Council, St Rumbold Street, Lincoln, LN2 5AB for providing access to the original sources in the search room. My thanks to the staff for producing countless original documents for me.

. Lincolnshire Libraries, Lincolnshire County Council, for the online resources and access to the historical local newspapers and reference books. Especially Lincoln Central Library, Free School Lane, Lincoln, LN2 1EZ.

. Lincs to the Past, Lincolnshire County Council: http://www.lincstothepast.com for facilitating access to original sources.

. The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 4DU, for access to the census records, via http://www.findmypast.co.uk.

. The British Library, 96 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DB for online access to local historical newspapers, via http://www.findmypast.co.uk (also available in Lincolnshire Libraries and Lincolnshire Archives).

. Lincolnshire Family History Society, Unit 6, 33 Monks Way.Monks Road, Lincoln LN2 5LN for the index of apprentices – the invaluable typescript index available in the search room at Lincolnshire Archives and the names index online at www.findmypast.co.uk.

. Calico Pie Ltd., 7 Effingham Road,London,SE12 8NZ – Simon Orde, creator of the genealogy software, Family Historian.

Also, my thanks to Lynda Hotchkiss who, as former Lincolnshire County Council Collections Access Officer, undertook preliminary research into Miss Epton’s family a few years ago. Her notes were made available to me, although the research and conclusions in this report are my own.

Any mistakes are my own and I welcome any comments readers may have.

Susan Payne RESEARCH WELL Lincolnshire