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This Section Describes Potential Hydrology and Water Quality Impacts

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This Section Describes Potential Hydrology and Water Quality Impacts 3.6 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 3.6 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY This section describes potential hydrology and water quality impacts to surface water and groundwater from implementation of the proposed Project in the context of flooding, runoff, and other drainage conditions on the Project site and in the surrounding watersheds. The hydrologic analysis for this section is based on information from the Final San Luis Obispo County Integrated Regional Water Management Plan (IRWM) prepared by the San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District in July 2014, the East Cherry Avenue Specific Plan Subarea 1 Hydrology Report Preliminary prepared by RRM Design Group in February 2016, the East Cherry Avenue Specific Plan Subarea 2 and 3 Hydrology Report Preliminary prepared by RRM Design Group in May 2015, and the Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP) prepared in 2010 by the City of Arroyo Grande Public Works Department in accordance with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II Program. Hydrology reports for the Project site are contained within Appendix J of this Environmental Impact Report (EIR). 3.6.1 Environmental Setting 3.6.1.1 Regional Setting Hydrology and Drainage The Project site is located within the Arroyo Grande Creek Hydrological Subarea of the Estero Bay Hydrological Unit, just one of the watersheds within the South County Sub- Region, which includes the urban areas of San Luis Obispo, Arroyo Grande, Grover Beach, Oceano, and Nipomo (San Luis Obispo FCWCD 2014). Within the Estero Bay Hydrological Unit 10, the Arroyo Grande Creek Watershed drains approximately 150 square miles (95,998 acres) of land predominantly used for agriculture (US-LT Resource Conservation District 2015). Average seasonal precipitation throughout the Arroyo Grande Creek Watershed varies from 12 inches to 35 inches (Department of Water Resources 2002). The Project site is located entirely within the Arroyo Grande Creek Watershed approximately 1,860 feet from the Village Core, which is located along the banks of Arroyo Grande Creek approximately 4.3 miles upstream from the mouth of the creek. The site is located downstream of the Lopez Reservoir. The Lopez Reservoir, which serves as the source of Arroyo Grande Creek, was completed by the San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District in 1968 to provide the Arroyo Grande basin with East Cherry Avenue Specific Plan 3.6-1 Draft EIR 3.6 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY reliable municipal water supply, agricultural water supply, groundwater recharge, recreation, wildlife habitat, and flood control. The lake has a storage capacity of 49,388 acre-feet (AF) of water (San Luis Obispo County 2016). The Arroyo Grande Creek Watershed and its tributaries encompass 190 square miles, reaching a maximum elevation of 3,200 feet above mean sea-level (msl) (Department of Water Resources 2002). The watershed generally drains to the southeast via the 13 mile long Arroyo Grande Creek where it meets the Pacific Ocean through an estuary adjacent to Oceano lagoon. Arroyo Grande Creek originates to the northwest from Lopez Lake which is located at an elevation of 558 feet in the western slopes of the Santa Lucia Range. The Creek flows southwest adjacent to Lopez Drive before flowing underneath the U.S. Highway 101 and traveling along the southern City limits of Oceano where it drains westward to Oceano Lagoon. Flooding In past years, the Arroyo Grande Creek system has experienced extensive flooding, resulting in the inundation of prime farmlands. A small, rural community at the time, Arroyo Grande and surrounding communities organized the Arroyo Grande Creek Flood Control Project (AGCFCP) in 1961 to reduce the impacts to the agricultural economy and growing urban infrastructure caused by flooding (Waterways Consulting, Inc. 2010). The AGCFCP constructed levees along Arroyo Grande Creek in attempts to channelize and control flows in the event of a 50-year flood, but the levees have only resulted in increased flows and sediment deposition in the creek due to stormwater runoff. As of 2005, as little as 15 percent of the original flood channel capacity remains and since then, flood channel management plans and maintenance programs have been established to reduce the threat of flood disasters within the Arroyo Grande region (Central Coast Salmon Enhancement 2005). Storm Probability Flood zone mapping and drainage improvements are based on the probability of a certain amount of rain to fall within a particular time frame, usually 24 hours. From rainfall gage records, the size of a storm that has a one percent probability of occurring in any one year within a particular watershed can be calculated. A storm with this probability is often referred to as the “100-year storm” since on average one such storm would be expected to occur in a 100-year period (or a one percent chance in any given year), and the associated 3.6-2 East Cherry Avenue Specific Plan Draft EIR Noyes Road 227 Corbett Canyon Road ad Ro ill M h c n ra B k e re Huasna Road rande C G yo ro Ar Tar S p r ing C reek Tally Ho Road Huasna Road 227 101 Branch Mill Road Tra ffic W ek a re y East Grand Avenue C East Cherry Avenue de n ra G e Man-made o nu y ve Drainage Culvert o A r ks r a A O r i a F Valley Road 101 Lo s B er ro s 1 C re e k LEGEND Project Site 100-Year Floodplain Creek/ Stream City of Arroyo Grande 1 SCALE IN FEET N 0 2,500 100-Year Floodplain in the Vicinity FIGURE of the Proposed Project 3.6-1 3.6-3 3.6 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY water runoff termed the “100-year flood.”1 Similarly, a storm that has a four percent probability of occurring in any one year is referred to as the “25-year storm,” and flows from this storm are called Q25 flows or 25-year floods. 3.6.1.2 Project Site Setting Existing Onsite Drainage The 15.29-acre Project site is located on a relatively level ground that includes agricultural farmland in the southeast region of the City of Arroyo Grande. The site is located approximately 1,890 feet south of Arroyo Grande Creek. Along the southern boundary of Subarea 2 and 3 within the Project site, at the toe of the offsite north-facing hillside, lies an approximately 5 foot wide manmade drainage ditch made of permeable materials and used for the purpose of collecting agricultural runoff and the runoff from the hillside. The drainage feature transports the runoff along the southern edge of the property to an existing 24-inch storm drain near the southwest corner of the Project site. The overall drainage pattern for the site is predominantly toward the northwest, with a majority of runoff flowing overland toward the intersection of East Cherry and Traffic Way (RRM Design Group 2015). Flood Hazards As described by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Project site does not lie within any designated flood plains (FEMA 2015). Designated flood plains within the Arroyo Grande Valley Sub-basin lie along the creek banks of the Arroyo Grande Creek approximately 4,100 feet to the west of the Project site. Additional flood prone areas are located in the southwest regions of the City, in the flat, low-elevation agricultural fields just south of Arroyo Grande Creek. Adjacent Slope Stability and Mudslide Hazards Properties located on or adjacent to natural slopes face many threats and hazards in regards to the stability of the slopes within their vicinity. An unstable slope may give away, resulting in landslides, mudflows, or even debris flows. An analysis of the slope adjacent 1 The “100-year storm” is a probability estimate based on incomplete rainfall gage data that in most watersheds has been collected for only approximately 50 years. Therefore, it is possible for several “100- year” storms to occur in the course of a few years, which would result in a revision to the estimated storm probabilities. In addition, storms do not exhibit the same rainfall intensity uniformly, and the same storm system that exhibits a 100-year intensity in a particular watershed can have a much lower intensity in an adjacent watershed. 3.6-4 East Cherry Avenue Specific Plan Draft EIR 3.6 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY to the site for slope stability was conducted by GeoSolutions, Inc. in August 2015 and is located in Appendix H of this EIR. Their analysis determined that the slope is stable under natural circumstances, but poor surface drainage may result in prolonged periods of saturation and severe erosion (GeoSolutions, Inc. 2015). 3.6.2 Regulatory Setting 3.6.2.1 Federal Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is responsible for federal flood disaster management through the Floodplain Program. FEMA divides flood areas into three zones: Zone A for areas of 100-year flood, base flood elevations not determined; Zone B for areas of 500-year flood; and Zone C or Zone X for areas of minimal flooding. The National Flood Insurance Program 100-year floodplain is considered to be the base flood condition. This is defined as a flood event of a magnitude that would be equaled or exceeded an average of once during a 100-year period. Floodways are defined as stream channels plus adjacent floodplains that must be kept free of encroachment as much as possible so that 100-year floods can be carried without substantial increases (no more than one foot) in flood elevations. Development in these floodplain areas are subject to the standard conditions of approval of the San Luis Obispo Flood Control and Water Conservation District.
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