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F.Y.2005/2006 JICA Vice - President Mr Ueda Yoshihisa and delegates with JICA (N) Resident Representative and Experts, and DWIDP Director General, Deputy Director Generals and Officers during the visit at DWIDP on May 12, 2006 Department of Water Induced Disaster Prevention (DWIDP) Pulchowk, Lalitpur Post Box No. 13105, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: 977-1-5535407, 5535502, 5535503, Fax: 977-1-5523528 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.dwidp.org Government of Nepal Ministry of Water Resources Department of Water Induced Disaster Prevention (DWIDP) Certificate Distribution by the Director General Mr. N.P. Bhattarai for the Jica Vice President Mr. UEDA Yoshihisa keenly observing the debris praticipants of 16th General Course Training. flow model at DWIDP (May 12th 06). JICA Vice President Mr. UEDA Yoshihisa with D.G., D.D.G.s and JICA Checkdams at Mugling-Narayanghat road sector 18+460-3. Expert during his visit at DWIDP (May 12th 06). Series of Checkdams at Mugling-Narayanghat road sector. Embankment Construction at Left Bank of Daraundi River , Gorkha. Participants of the 16th General Course Training at DWIDP. Participants of 13th Advanced Course Training at DWIDP. Water Induced Disaster Prevention Roving Seminar in Dolakha. Rehabilitation work for School Building Protection at Matatirtha, Kathmandu. Landslide Protection Work at Bungamati Model Site. Surface Drain Construction for Landslide Protection at Bungamati, Lalitpur. DWIDP BULLETIN 2005 - 2006 DWIDP BULLETIN July 2006 F. Y. 2005/06 Advisory Board D Editorial Board Mr. Narayan Prasad Bhattarai W Editor-in-Chief Mr. Lal Chand Pradhan Director General, DWIDP Deputy-Director General I Research, Training and Monitoring Division, DWIDP D Managing Editor Mr. Shiv Kumar Sharma Mr. Samanta Man Sthapit Deputy-Director General P Chief- Information, Study and Training Section Study and Implementation Division, DWIDP Executive Editor B Mr. Prakash Man Shrestha Engineer- Information, Study and Training Section Mr. Lal Chand Pradhan U Deputy-Director General Members Research, Training and Monitoring Division, DWIDP L Mr. Nokh Bahadur Bashyal L Section Officer- Administration Section Mr. Toshiya Takeshi E Mr. Rajan Shakya Senior Expert on Sediment Related Disaster, DMSP-FU/ JICA Sociologist- Information, Study and Training Section T Mr. Yam Bahadur Shah I Engineer- Information, Study and Training Section Mr. Heihachiro Nakagawa Mr. Khila Nath Dahal Long Term Expert on Disaster Rehabilitation, DMSP-FU/ JICA N Engg. Geologist- Landslide Section Published by Government of Nepal Ministry of Water Resources Department of Water Induced Disaster Prevention (DWIDP) DWIDP BULLETIN 2005 - 2006 DWIDP BULLETIN Preface Fiscal Year 2005/2006 Nepal lies in the central portion of the Hindu Kush Himalayan arc. It has its unique topography, geology and monsoon rains July 2006 which have played a vital role for the occurrence of water induced disasters like floods, debris flows, landslides, bank cuttings, glacial lake outburst floods every year causing loss of human lives, property and severe impact on socio-economic as CONTENTS well as environmental condition of the country. Nepal is a • Significance of the Sabo Technology in Nepal mountainous country. These mountains are quite young and emerged as a result of Himalayan Orogeny. The last phase of the • A Glimpse of the 13th Advanced Course Training of DWIDP Himalayan Orogeny has not yet ben ceased completely; but it is • Application of "Sabo Soil Cement Method" for Water gradually slowing down. This on going orogenic activity, steep Induced Disaster Mitigation relief, weak and fragile geology frequently occurring seismic • Water-induced Disaster Mortality of Nepal activity, excessive monsoon rains combined together to make the • Enginerring Geological Study and Stability Analysis of young mountains as one of the most hazard prone areas in the Shrawan Danda Jyotinagar Landslide Ward No. 5, Butwal world. Municipality, RupandehiI District, Western Nepal • Trends in Human Life and Economic Losses from High population growth, deforestation, steep land farming: Landslides and Floods in Nepal haphazard migration and encroachment of river plain and forest area in the past successive years have added water induced • Rapid Environment Impact Assessment in Disaster In the disasters to many folds. The need for a holistic disaster Context of Nepal management approach to cope with such problems is therefore • A Sustainable Way of Controlling Debris Flows and paramount. This encompasses a whole gamut of issues like Landslides Along Mugling-Narayangarh Road preparedness, response in the form of quick relief and rescue as well as comprehensive mitigative and rehabilitation measures hand in hand with disaster awareness and training at both agency and community levels. The Government of Japan through JICA has been assisting to promote the capacity of HMG/N employees and the communities to cope/face with water induced disaster. The Disaster Mitigation Support Programme Project (DMSP) with JICA cooperation is an attempt to manage water induced disasters in a comprehensive manner with community involvement through model mitigation works. An integrated approach that can address the issue of water induced disaster throughout the country is indispensable. Realizing this fact the Water Resources Strategy-2001 has given a prime importance to water induced disaster management and identified primary outputs and activities for short medium and long term spanning a period of 25 years. DWIDP with its seven Divisions and five Sub-divisions in various parts of the country is undertaking river training works as well as flood, debris flows, and landslide mitigation works throughout the country. One of the prime objectives of disaster prevention and preparedness is to disseminate information and conduct various activities against water induced disaster. The DWIDP is bringing Photographs of Cover Picture out this Bulletin for the dissemination of information about its activities and other related papers. • Background : Landslide mitigation works at 17 Km, Kathamndu- Naubise Road Sector. The DWIDP extends its thanks to all the authors of the papers for • Bottom left : Inaugural Ceremony of 13th Advanced Course Training of DWIDP their valuable contribution. • Bottom right : JICA Vice-president Mr UEDA Yoshihisa and the delegates observing the model of Bagmati River Training, Khokana, Lalitpur at DWIDP. The Editorial Board Layout Design: Ashutosh Multiple Traders 2 DWIDP BULLETIN 2005 - 2006 Significance of the Sabo Technology in Nepal – Dr. Ramesh M. Tuladhar Senior Division Hydrogeologist Chief, Sabo Section, DWIDP ABSTRACT Sediments related disasters are common in Nepal. To cope with these disasters there is a need to identify a cost effective and sustainable technology to be applied in Nepal. The Sabo Technology, which was applied successfully in Japan under similar natural condition as in Nepal seems to be suitable to adopt in Nepal. This technology was indeed applied in Nepal several decades ago but became familiar only after the implementation of Disaster Mitigation Support Program Project (DMSP) from 1999 -2004 in Dahachowk Sabo Model Site and Girubari Sabo Model Site. The sediment related disasters risk has been minimized to a great extent by the application of the Sabo Technology in these model sites. Thereby the application of this technology has been extended to other areas including the most important Mugling-Narayanghat highway of the country. Thus the significance of the Sabo Technology is gaining in Nepal. However, the application of this technology in Nepal is challenging due to its geo-tectonic, geomorphologic, climatologic and socio-economic diversity across the country. 1. Introduction 1. Landslide The Nepal Himalayas frequently suffers from various types of In general, the landslide occurs in those areas where thick clay soil sediment related disasters such as, landslide, slope failure, rock is widely distributed. Therefore, the distribution of this phenomenon fall and debris flow. Every year the loss of lives and properties due tends to concentrate in specific areas with significant clay to sediment related disasters is significant in Nepal that eventually development such as Kathmandu Valley. However, there are affects the GDP. These phenomena induce severe hazards to several other landslide prone areas in Nepal. It is relatively easy to development projects and cause damage directly to the people recognize and moreover one can escape from the landslide prone such as deteriorating environment for living and agricultural area due to its slow nature of movement. But it usually continues production thereby causing serious impact on social and economic for longer period and might form a natural dam blocking the river development of the nation. World Bank (2005) ranked Nepal as and/or streams. Sometimes transmission poles and/or towers are the 30th most vulnerable country in terms of water induced destroyed too. Several such cases are observed in Nepal. disasters, the major component being the sediment related disasters. The Sabo Technology, which has been successfully applied in Japan to cope with these disasters seem to be applicable in Nepal as has been demonstrated by the results of the Disaster Mitigation Support Programme Project (DMSP, 1999) as well as Soil Erosion and Watershed Management Pilot Project (1979). In general, the Sabo Technology is devised to control sediment related disasters such as landslide, slope failure, rock fall and debris flow. ‘Sa’ means