DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 4 - Historic Conditions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 4 - Historic Conditions CHAPTER 4 - HISTORIC CONDITIONS Ecosystems are not static, but vary over space and time. This dynamic nature exemplifies the need for us to consider ranges of conditions under natural disturbance regimes, rather than single points in time. A key assumption of this concept is that when natural systems are "pushed" outside the range of natural variability, maintenance ofbiological diversity and ecological function is at substantial risk. The following narrative explains how ecological conditions have changed over time because of human influences and natural disturbances. This information is used to explain existing conditions and predict potential trends. Geologic History The LNSR, located on the west slope of the Cascade Range, is part of the North Santiam sub­ basin, which is a component of the WRB. The Cascade Range, which contributes the preponderance of drainage area for the Willamette River, extends for over 625 miles from northern California well into British Columbia in Canada. The general physiography of the Cascades is dominated by a string of potentially active volcanic peaks. These relatively recent craggy summits overlie a complex geologic sequence of older volcanic and sedimentary rocks. This plate commotion has modified the Cascades by basin and range faulting to the east and episodic mountain building and volcanism throughout their history and extent. The surface expression of these rock sequences has been altered through time by the numerous rivers that drain the wet western flanks and by intensive periods of mountain glaciation. Located within the Western Cascades physiographic region, the LNS watershed is composed of older Tertiary lava flows, tuff, and intrusive rocks. Dates on parts of this formation are mostly 17 to 32 million years old. The sedimentary portion of the assemblage forms a prominent escarpment along the north boundary of this watershed from Knob Rock east to Trappers Butte (Walker and Duncan 1989). Flow breccias of olivine andesite, basaltic andesite, and some basalt form a crescent-shaped cap on the higher elevation main ridges that extend northwest from Martin Buttes to Mount Beachie, then north to Silver King Mountain, and west towards Whetstone Mountain and along the ridge line to Henline Mountain and beyond. Erupted mostly from widespread, northwest-trending dikes and dike swarms and related plugs and lava cones, their dates range from about 10 to 17 million years ago or middle to late Miocene. The surface expression of these rock formations has been extensively modified by erosion with mountain glaciation. During the earliest and most extensive glacial periods, valley glaciers traveled down the LNS Canyon and some of its tributaries. The younger and more recent glaciations had smaller, coalescing valley glaciers occupying the predominant stream valleys. Ch. 4, Pg. 1 They formed cirques, bowl-shaped depressions with sheer rock headwalls, found in the higher elevations along the southern boundary of the watershed. Tams, small ponds that occupy cirque depressions, are found at Opal Lake and Elkhorn Lake. Large scale slump/earthflow instability has not been a significant factor in slope development or stream channel morphology in this area, except for a few localized reaches. This complex geologic history has produced a fairly uniform landscape ofU-shaped glaciated valleys with broad outwash filled bottoms that are separated by steep shallow-soiled headlands and sharp rocky ridges. Concentrations of gold, silver, copper, and lead minerals lay like widely spaced beads on an unclasped necklace that is strung down the western front of the Cascade Range. Historically, each bead has been the center for mineral exploration and mining activity since the late 1800s. This necklace extends from Mt. Hood into the Umpqua NF. The line ofthe chain crosses the LNS watershed in the north around Nasty Rock and Burnt Mountain and extends southward across the LNS to Phantom Natural Bridge and Dog Tooth Rock. The LNS lies at the heart of one of these beads with extensive gold prospecting activity around the tum of the century. The bead to the south is located in the Quartzville mining district. Disturbance Regimes and Ecological Effects There are many disturbance factors that operate within this watershed. These factors include wind, fire, floods, insects, disease, and humans. Today, humans are the agents of greatest disturbance in the landscape. When human population levels were low, frre was the primary disturbance force. It was used to manipulate the ecosystem for beneficial uses through planned ignitions and occurred naturally, primarily from lightning. Whether planned or not, frre affected a broad range of ecosystems from a few acres to many thousands. Native Americans recognized the benefits offrre and became accomplished practitioners of prescribed frre. The Kalapuya Indians burned the Willamette Valley for thousands of years prior to Euro-settlement. This use offrre to manipulate their environment extended up major river drainages such as the Santiam River and extended into the foothills of the Cascades and coast range (Boyd 1985). The use offrre maintained an oak-savannah ecosystem, which began changing back to a forested ecosystem (if not plowed) after settlers eliminated the Indian­ prescribed burning culture with their removal to reservations in the 1850s. Fire is the primary natural disturbance factor over the landscape and causes the greatest ecological effects over space and time. Understanding frre ecology terminology is helpful in understanding forest ecology from a historical perspective. Fire regime is a generalized description ofthe role frre plays in an ecosystem. It is the combination offrre frequency, predictability, intensity, seasonality, and extent characteristics offrre in an ecosystem. There are many descriptions, but the one used here is based on frre frequency and frre intensity (Agee 1981, Heinselman 1981). Fire frequency is the return interval offrre. Fire intensity/severity is the Ch. 4, Pg. 2 ecological impact of a frre, such as mortality of plant or animal species, changes in species composition, and other ecosystem characteristics. Wind also has the capacity to disturb large areas of the landscape and, on a historical basis, has done so approximately every 25 years (Teensma 1987). The last extensive large wind event in Oregon was the Columbus Day Storm of 1962, which blew down 11 billion board feet of timber in Oregon and Washington, 98 percent of which was west of the Cascade crest. Other major wind events occurred in December 1996, March 1963, February 1958, April1957, November 1953, January 1921, and January 1880 (Lynott and Cramer 1966, Hemstrom and Logan 1986). Wind has more influence on coastal forest dynamics than on the forests of the Cascades. Wind is also associated with patch-size disturbances over the landscape as are insects and disease. These three disturbance factors add small complex changes over large spatial and temporal scales and have direct and indirect influences on frre ecology. The LNS watershed occupies the dry to wet western hemlock plant association (73%), the Pacific silver frr plant association (26%), and mountain hemlock plant association (1 %). There are multiple frre regimes in these zones based on the physical factors of elevation, aspect, orientation ofland forms on the landscape, climate and weather patterns. These factors have significant effects on frre behavior (frre regimes) and, therefore, frre history (Teensma 1987). The multiple frre regimes are: (1) infrequent severe surface frres (more than 25-year intervals); (2) long return interval crown frres and severe surface frres in combination (100-300 year return intervals); and (3) very long interval crown frres and severe surface frres in combination (over 300-year rotation return intervals). The source of fire ignitions comes from lightning and humans. Occurrence or patterns of lightning fires are mainly d.etermined by regional climate, land forms, elevation, aspect, and fuel type. Map A gives a reference to regional annual lightning fire patterns. Lightning is the primary source ofwildfrre ignitions in the Pacific Northwest. Human-caused ignitions are a result of industrial activities (logging, welding, road building, etc.), arson, carelessness (debris burning, escaped prescribed bums, campfrres ), and structural frres in the forested landscape. In the LNS watershed, lightning starts occur primarily in the higher elevation east portion (low occurrence) and human-caused ignitions occur in the lower elevation west portion of the watershed. Ch. 4, Pg. 3 Ch. 4, Pg. 4 Map A. Regional Annual Lightning Patterns on National Forests of Oregon and Washington. These patterns are an index to lightning fire activity and show number of storms per 40,000 ha per year. (From Morris 1934) .I. WaminpOD Oreaon 0 50 JOO 150 Km 3ad4 ~ lllld2 ~ l):c:'liONI Ch. 4, Pg. 4 Fire effects resulting from these fire sources are varied. An infrequent severe smface fire bums Qn the soil surface. and active burning does not involve the tree crowns. This fire rej,time wouJd slopes). The effect could include maintaining Douglas-fir as primary tree species by removing thin barked trees and promoting thick barked trees, maintaining low amounts of downed wood due to fuel oonswnption with more frequent burning, and maintaining brush species that sprout and can live under a tree canopy. This fire regime is less dependent on changes in weather patterns (drought) than other fire regimes. Crown fires and severe surface fires every 100.300 years are more dependent on changes in weather patterns. In this instance, the forest ecosystem accumulates fuel over time. Wind and disease interact more often and contribute to patch dynamics. Legacy trees from the previous disturbance and natural mortality help create a multi-storied canopy. Intolerant tree species dominate the lower canopy. As the stand ages, more sunlight reaches the forest floor, and the shrub and herb layer diversifies. Under normal conditions, fire starts cannot develop enough energy to do extensive: damage to the landscape. This is due to the energy required to evaporate the high amounts of internal water in the combustion phase of burning carbon-based fuels.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Evaluation of Spring Chinook Salmon Reintroductions Above Detroit Dam, North Santiam River, Using Genetic Pedigree Analysis P
    AN EVALUATION OF SPRING CHINOOK SALMON REINTRODUCTIONS ABOVE DETROIT DAM, NORTH SANTIAM RIVER, USING GENETIC PEDIGREE ANALYSIS Prepared for: U. S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS PORTLAND DISTRICT – WILLAMETTE VALLEY PROJECT 333 SW First Ave. Portland, Oregon 97204 Prepared by: Kathleen G. O’Malley1, Melissa L. Evans1, Marc A. Johnson1,2, Dave Jacobson1, and Michael Hogansen2 1Oregon State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station Hatfield Marine Science Center 2030 SE Marine Science Drive Newport, Oregon 97365 2Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Upper Willamette Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation Corvallis Research Laboratory 28655 Highway 34 Corvallis, Oregon 97333 SUMMARY For approximately two decades, hatchery-origin (HOR) spring Chinook salmon have been released (“outplanted”) above Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River. Here we used genetic parentage analysis to evaluate the contribution of salmon outplants to subsequent natural-origin (NOR) salmon recruitment to the river. Despite sampling limitations encountered during several years of the study, we were able to determine that most NOR salmon sampled in 2013 (59%) and 2014 (66%) were progeny of outplanted salmon. We were also able to estimate fitness, a cohort replacement rate (CRR), and the effective number of breeders (Nb) for salmon outplanted above Detroit Dam in 2009. On average, female fitness was ~5× (2.72:0.52 progeny) that of males and fitness was highly variable among individuals (range: 0-20 progeny). It is likely that the highly skewed male:female sex ratio (~6:1) among outplanted salmon limited reproductive opportunities for males in 2009. The CRR was 1.07, as estimated from female replacement.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Human Disturbance on Terrestrial Apex Predators
    diversity Review Effects of Human Disturbance on Terrestrial Apex Predators Andrés Ordiz 1,2,* , Malin Aronsson 1,3, Jens Persson 1 , Ole-Gunnar Støen 4, Jon E. Swenson 2 and Jonas Kindberg 4,5 1 Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-730 91 Riddarhyttan, Sweden; [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (J.P.) 2 Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; [email protected] 3 Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden 4 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway; [email protected] (O.-G.S.); [email protected] (J.K.) 5 Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The effects of human disturbance spread over virtually all ecosystems and ecological communities on Earth. In this review, we focus on the effects of human disturbance on terrestrial apex predators. We summarize their ecological role in nature and how they respond to different sources of human disturbance. Apex predators control their prey and smaller predators numerically and via behavioral changes to avoid predation risk, which in turn can affect lower trophic levels. Crucially, reducing population numbers and triggering behavioral responses are also the effects that human disturbance causes to apex predators, which may in turn influence their ecological role. Some populations continue to be at the brink of extinction, but others are partially recovering former ranges, via natural recolonization and through reintroductions.
    [Show full text]
  • Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Former Morse Brothers Quarry 2903 Green River Road Sweet Home, Oregon
    Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Former Morse Brothers Quarry 2903 Green River Road Sweet Home, Oregon November 20052011 Project Number 2011230034 Cascade Earth Sciences 3511 Pacific Boulevard SW Albany, OR 97321 (541) 926-7737 www.cascade-earth.com CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ V 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF SERVICES .................................................................1 2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................1 2.1 Location and Legal Description ........................................................................................... 1 2.2 Site Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 1 2.2.1 Description of Site .................................................................................................... 2 2.2.2 Improvements and Utilities ...................................................................................... 2 2.2.3 Roads and Easements ............................................................................................... 2 2.2.4 Zoning ....................................................................................................................... 2 2.3 Surrounding Property Characteristics .................................................................................. 3 2.3.1 Northern Boundary
    [Show full text]
  • Restoration of Heterogeneous Disturbance Regimes for the Preservation of Endangered Species Steven D
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Restoration of Heterogeneous Disturbance Regimes for the Preservation of Endangered Species Steven D. Warren and Reiner Büttner ABSTRACT Disturbance is a natural component of ecosystems. All species, including threatened and endangered species, evolved in the presence of, and are adapted to natural disturbance regimes that vary in the kind, frequency, severity, and duration of disturbance. We investigated the relationship between the level of visible soil disturbance and the density of four endan- gered plant species on U.S. Army training lands in the German state of Bavaria. Two species, gray hairgrass (Corynephorus canescens) and mudwort (Limosella aquatica), showed marked affinity for or dependency on high levels of recent soil disturbance. The density of fringed gentian (Gentianella ciliata) and shepherd’s cress (Teesdalia nudicaulis) declined with recent disturbance, but appeared to favor older disturbance which could not be quantified by the methods employed in this study. The study illustrates the need to restore and maintain disturbance regimes that are heterogeneous in terms of the intensity of and time since disturbance. Such a restoration strategy has the potential to favor plant species along the entire spectrum of ecological succession, thereby maximizing plant biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Keywords: fringed gentian, gray hairgrass, heterogeneous disturbance hypothesis, mudwort, shepherd’s cress cosystems and the species that create and maintain conditions neces- When the European Commission Einhabit them typically evolve in sary for survival. issued Directive 92/43/EEC (Euro- the presence of quasi-stable distur- The grasslands of northern Europe pean Economic Community 1992) bance regimes which are characterized lie within what would be mostly forest requiring all European Union nations by general patterns of perturbation, in the absence of disturbance.
    [Show full text]
  • South Santiam Hatchery
    SOUTH SANTIAM HATCHERY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020 South Santiam Hatchery/Foster Adult Collection Facility INTRODUCTION South Santiam Hatchery is located on the South Santiam River just downstream from Foster Dam, 5 miles east of downtown Sweet Home. The facility is at an elevation of 500 feet above sea level, at latitude 44.4158 and longitude -122.6725. The site area is 12.6 acres, owned by the US Army Corps of Engineers and is used for egg incubation and juvenile rearing. The hatchery currently receives water from Foster Reservoir. A total of 8,400 gpm is available for the rearing units. An additional 5,500 gpm is used in the large rearing pond. All rearing ponds receive single-pass water. ODFW has no water right for water from Foster Reservoir, although it does state in the Cooperative agreement between the USACE and ODFW that the USACE will provide adequate water to operate the facility. The Foster Dam Adult Collection Facility was completed in July of 2014 which eliminated the need to transport adults to and hold brood stock at South Santiam Hatchery. ODFW took over operations of the facility in April of 2014. The new facility consists of an office/maintenance building, pre-sort pool, fish sorting area, 5 long term post-sort pools, 4 short term post-sort pools, and a water-to-water fish-to-truck loading system. Adult fish collection, adult handling, out planting, recycling, spawning, carcass processing, and brood stock holding will take place at Foster The Foster Dam Adult Collection Facility is located about 2 miles east of Sweet Home, Oregon at the base of Foster Dam along the south shore of the South Santiam River at RM 37.
    [Show full text]
  • Disturbance Processes and Ecosystem Management
    Vegetation Management and Protection Research DISTURBANCE PROCESSES AND ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT The paper was chartered by the Directors of Forest Fire and Atmospheric Sciences Research, Fire and Aviation Management, Forest Pest Management, and Forest Insect and Disease Research in response to an action item identified in the National Action Plan for Implementing Ecosystem Management (February 24, 1994). The authors are: Robert D. Averill, Group Leader, Forest Health Management, Renewable Resources, USDA Forest Service Region 2, 740 Sims St., Lakewood, CO 80225 Louise Larson, Forest Fuels Management Specialist, USDA Forest Service Sierra National Forest, 1600 Tollhouse Road, Clovis, CA 93612 Jim Saveland, Fire Ecologist, USDA Forest Service Forest Fire & Atmospheric Sciences Research P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090 Philip Wargo, Principal Plant Pathologist, USDA Forest Service Northeastern Center for Forest Health Research, 51 Mill Pond Road, Hamden, CT 06514 Jerry Williams, Assistant Director, Fire Operations, USDA Forest Service Fire & Aviation Management Staff, P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090 Melvin Bellinger, retired, made significant contributions. Abstract This paper is intended to broaden awareness and help develop consensus among USDA Forest Service scientists and resource managers about the role and significance of disturbance in ecosystem dynamics and, hence, resource management. To have an effective ecosystem management policy, resource managers and the public must understand the nature of ecological resiliency and stability and the role of natural disturbance on sustainability. Disturbances are common and important in virtually all ecosystems. Executive Summary "Ecosystems are not defined so much by the objects they contain as by the processes that regulate them" -- Christensen and others 1989 Awareness and understanding of disturbance ecology and the role disturbance plays in ecosystem dynamics, and the ability to communicate that information, is essential in understanding ecosystem potentials and the consequences of management choices.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Changing Disturbance Regimes, Ecological Memory, and Forest Resilience 2 3 4 Authors: Jill F
    1 Changing disturbance regimes, ecological memory, and forest resilience 2 3 4 Authors: Jill F. Johnstone1*§, Craig D. Allen2, Jerry F. Franklin3, Lee E. Frelich4, Brian J. 5 Harvey5, Philip E. Higuera6, Michelle C. Mack7, Ross K. Meentemeyer8, Margaret R. Metz9, 6 George L. W. Perry10, Tania Schoennagel11, and Monica G. Turner12§ 7 8 Affiliations: 9 1. Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2 Canada 10 2. U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Jemez Mountains Field Station, Los 11 Alamos, NM 87544 USA 12 3. College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA 13 4. Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA 14 5. Department of Geography, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA 15 6. Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 16 59812 USA 17 7. Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biology, Northern Arizona 18 University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA 19 8. Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, 20 Raleigh, NC 27695 USA 21 9. Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, Portland, OR 97219 USA 22 10. School of Environment, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand 23 11. Department of Geography and INSTAAR, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 24 80309 USA 25 12. Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53717 26 27 * corresponding author: [email protected]; 28 § co-leaders of this manuscript 29 30 Running title: Changing disturbance and forest resilience 31 1 32 33 Abstract 34 Ecological memory is central to ecosystem response to disturbance.
    [Show full text]
  • Disturbance Versus Restoration
    Disturbance and Restoration of Streams P. S. Lake Prelude “One of the penalties of an ecological education is that one lives alone in a world of wounds. Much of the damage inflicted on land is quite invisible to laymen.” Aldo Leopold “Round River. From the Journals of Aldo Leopold” ed., L. B. Leopold. Oxford U.P. 1953. Read: 1963. Lake George Mining Co., 1952, Captains Flat, N.S.W. Molonglo River. Heavy metals (Z+Cu) + AMD. Black (Lake 1963) clear (Norris 1985) ---Sloane & Norris (2002) Aberfoyle Tin NL, 1982. Rossarden, Tasmania. Tin and Tungsten (W). Cd, Zn. South Esk River, 1974 Lake Pedder, south west Tasmania. • Pristine, remote lake with a remarkable, glacial sand beach, endemic fish (Galaxias pedderensis) and ~5 spp., of invertebrates. • Flooded by two dams to produce hydro-electricity in 1973 • Sampled annually for 21 years. • Initial “trophic upsurge” then a steady decline to paucity. Ecological Disturbance • Interest triggered by Connell J.H (1978) Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis • Disturbances are forces with the potential capability to disrupt populations, communities and ecosystems. Defined by their type, strength, duration and spatial extent---not by their impacts. • Pulse, Press (Bender et al., 1984) and Ramp disturbances (Lake 2000) and responses. Disturbances within Disturbances • Distinct disturbances nested within enveloping disturbances. – Droughts—ramps of water loss, high temperatures, low water quality, loss of connectivity etc. – Climate change with ramps (sea level rise, temperature increase, acidification). Compound Disturbances • Natural e.g. drought and fire – Effect on streams: recovery from catchment-riparian fire impact exacerbated by drought cf., fire alone. (Verkaik et al., 2015). – Sites: Idaho, Catalonia, Victoria, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • South Santiam Subbasin Tmdl
    Willamette Basin TMDL: South Santiam Subbasin September 2006 CHAPTER 9: SOUTH SANTIAM SUBBASIN TMDL Table of Contents WATER QUALITY SUMMARY....................................................................................... 2 Reason for action .........................................................................................................................................................2 Water Quality 303(d) Listed Waterbodies ................................................................................................................3 Water Quality Parameters Addressed.......................................................................................................................3 Who helped us..............................................................................................................................................................4 SUBBASIN OVERVIEW ................................................................................................. 5 Watershed Descriptions ..............................................................................................................................................6 Crabtree Creek Watershed.........................................................................................................................................6 Hamilton Creek / South Santiam River Watershed...................................................................................................6 Middle Santiam River Watershed .............................................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Disturbance and Succession on Wildlife Habitat And
    This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. 11 The Effects of Disturbance K EVIN S. McKELVEY and Succession on Wildlife Habitat and Animal Communities his chapter discusses the study of disturbance and al l affect both the postdisturbance wildlife community Tsuccession as they relate to wildlife. As such, the and, more importantly, the trajectory of the postdistur­ discussion is confined to those disturbance processes bance community. Even for well-studied species, co­ that change the physical attributes of habitat, leading herent understandings of their relationships to distur­ to a postdisturbance trajectory. However, even with bance across time and space are therefore often vague. this narrowing of the scope of disturbances discussed, Commonly, we look at successional changes in habi­ there remain formidable obstacles prior to any co­ tat quality by using spatial samples of different ages as if herent discussion of disturbance. The first, and most they were a temporal series, which implies spatiotem­ fundamental, is definitional: what constitutes distur­ poral constancy in successional dynamics. This assump­ bance and succession, and what is habitat? The con­ tion has served wildlife research well, but in the face of cepts of disturbance, habitat, and succession are highly directional climate change and the nearly continuous scale-dependent; disturbances at one scale become addition of exotic species, this approach is becoming part of continuous processes at a larger scale, and ideas increasingly untenable. We need to embrace the idea associated with succession require assumptions of con­ that postdisturbance succession is increasingly unlikely stancy, which become highly problematic as spatiotem­ to produce communities similar to those that the dis­ poral scales increase.
    [Show full text]
  • Leaburg Hatchery
    LEABURG HATCHERY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020 Leaburg Hatchery Plan Page 1 Leaburg Hatchery INTRODUCTION Leaburg Hatchery is located along the McKenzie River (Willamette Basin) 4 miles east of Leaburg, Oregon, on Highway 126 at River Mile 38.8 on the McKenzie River. The site is at an elevation of 740 feet above sea level, at latitude 44.1203 and longitude -122.6092. The area of the site is 21.6 acres. Water rights total 44,900 gpm from the McKenzie River. Water use varies with need throughout the year and is delivered by gravity. All rearing facilities use single-pass water. The facility is staffed with 3 FTE’s. Rearing Facilities at Leaburg Hatchery Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Number Total Construction Type Length Width Depth Volume Units Volume Material Age Condition Comment (ft) (ft) (ft) (ft3) (ft3) Canadian Troughs 16 2.66 1.5 64 13 832 fiberglass 1987 good Canadian Troughs 16 3.0 3.0 144 2 288 Fiberglass 2002 good Circular Ponds 20 2.2 690 6 4,140 concrete 1953 good Raceways 50 20 3.66 3,660 1 10,980 concrete 1953 good Raceways 100 20 3.66 7,320 40 285,480 concrete 1953 good Troughs 18 1.17 0.5 11 5 53 aluminum 1970 good Vertical Incubators 48 plastic 1990 good 6 stacks of 8 trays PURPOSE Leaburg Hatchery was constructed in 1953 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to mitigate for lost trout habitat caused by construction of Blue River and Cougar dams and other Willamette Valley projects.
    [Show full text]
  • City of Lebanon Historic Context Statement
    UITY OF LEBANON . HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT 1994 CITY OF LEBANON HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT Prepared for the City of Lebanon September 1994 by Mary Kathryn Gallagher Linn County Planning Department Research Assistance provided by: Pat Dunn Shirlee Harrington May D. Dasch Malia Allen Project Supervisor: Doug Parker Lebanon City Planner ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Without the hours donated by the following individuals, it would not be possible to produce a document of this type with the time and monies allotted. Pat Dunn, Shirlee Harrington, May D. Dasch and Malia Allen spent hours pouring over microfilm reels of Lebanon newspapers and an ., equal number of hours in the County Recorder and Assessor Offices researching individual properties. They also donated many hours toward the end of the project assisting with the last minute details of assembling a product of this type. There were a number of other individuals that accomplished important tasks. Steve and Elyse Kassis spent many hours taking photographs of Lebanon buildings. Pat Dunn located historical views of Lebanon. John Miles assisted in historical research on donation land claim holders and Mel Harrington assisted with deed research. Joella Larsen and Lee and Betty Scott provided information on Lebanon history. Jim Nelson offered his services to create a very comprehensive index. The City of Lebanon was very supportive in this endeavor with Doug Parker, City Planner, very responsive to the needs of the project. The Lebanon Historic Resource Commission supplied the • enthusiasm so important to make the project successful. City staff Anna Rae Goetz and Donna Martell were a great help in the last minute rush to compile this document.
    [Show full text]