Toy Story: How Pixar Reinvented the Animated Feature
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Smith, Susan, Noel Brown, and Sam Summers. "Index." Toy Story: How Pixar Reinvented the Animated Feature. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. 241–250. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 23 Sep. 2021. <>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 23 September 2021, 07:58 UTC. Copyright © Susan Smith, Sam Summers and Noel Brown 2018. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. 2 41 I NDEX ABC Studios 183 Beauty and the Beast 8 , 12 , 87 Ackerman, Alan 157 Bell, John 90 , 96 Adamson, Glenn 77 Berger, John 154 Adaptation 5 3 BFG, Th e 8 9 adult nostalgia 31 – 4 Bird, Michael 159 Aladdin 8 , 26 , 31 , 87 Blackford, Holly 144 Allen, Tim 91 Bly, Robert 160 Allison, Tanine 90 Bode, Lisa 89 Ammirati Puris Lintas 87 B o n d fi lms 10 Andy 4 – 5 , 14 – 15 , 17 , 30 – 1 , 46 , 49 , 52 , 61 , Bonifer, Mike 44 67 , 80 , 88 , 93 – 5 , 97 , 100 , 108 – 10 , Bowie, Malcolm 159 112 – 13 , 116 – 20 , 123 n.21 , 129 – 31 , b o x o ffi ce hits 136 , 138 , 143 , 149 – 50 , 154 , 156 , adaptations 9 – 10 158 – 6 , 173 , 176 – 7 , 185 , 187 – 8 , based on original scripts 10 190 , 192 – 3 genres 8 , 10 Ansen, David 13 Pixar’s commercial and critical arts culture 5 – 6 , 167 – 78 success 11 – 13 capitalist material culture 173 Bradshaw, Peter 29 caricature and moving image, Brave 1 2 expression of 172 – 3 Brave Little Toaster 206 idea of an unconditional space 175 – 6 Brothers Quay 160 , 167 infl uencing pieces of art 171 Brougère, Gilles 136 notion of ‘transaction’ from function to Brown, Bill 148 feeling 177 – 8 Brown, Noel 110 , 127 pop art forms 172 – 3 Bruno, Giuliani 73 provoking emotion, principle of 177 Buckingham, David 136 scripted artefact 174 – 5 buddy salvation conventions 50 – 3 self- acceptance 173 Bug’s Life, A 63 , 66 , 188 , 211 social expression 173 – 4 Burger King 87 – 8 , 100 n.1 tradition of landscape painting 171 Buzz Lightyear 12 , 14 , 17 , 27 , 31 , 46 , 48 , view of ‘knowledge’ 173 77 , 87 , 94 , 130 , 137 – 8 , 144 , 149 , Avatar 8 , 89 181 , 186 – 9 Back to the Future 26 , 31 , 168 California Institute of the Arts Bambi 107 (CalArts) 7 Barber, Benjamin 32 Calvino, Italo 167 Barbie 65 , 119 , 122 , 128 , 135 , 147 Carnicke, Sharon 89 Barker, Jennifer M. 75 – 6 Cars 1 1 Barthes, Roland 142 Cars 2 1 2 Batman 136 Cassar, Ignaz 154 99781501324918index_p241-250.indd781501324918index_p241-250.indd 224141 111/8/20171/8/2017 22:51:38:51:38 PPMM 242 242 Index Catmull, Ed 181 – 4 , 188 , 191 Dance of the Stumblers 204 cel- animated fi lms 1 Darley, Andrew 100 character toys 130 – 5 , 137 , 146 David Copperfi eld 2 2 as a collectible 168 Dawn of the Planet of the Apes 8 9 generic 128 , 135 – 6 Decoster, Pieter- Jan 157 o ffi cially licensed 128 Defi ant Ones, Th e 4 1 , 5 1 – 2 child- friendly literary classics 22 – 3 Denby, David 28 childhood play, setting of design process 3 , 59 – 60 Andy’s playroom 143 – 4 , 146 Al’s Toy Barn 65 defensive mechanisms of a r t t e a m 6 2 – 3 survival 145 – 8 Bonnie’s house 67 functions as a zone 143 – 4 cast 59 , 68 n.1 nostalgia 141 – 5 challenges 60 notion of ‘home’ 148 – 9 creative limitations 60 Sid’s locked bedroom 147 – 8 degree of detail 81 – 2 as a ‘transitional space’ 144 design coherence 80 – 1 children’s humour development 28 furniture designs 64 Chion, Michel 73 idea of Sid’s parents 61 Cholmondeley Ladies, Th e 159 lighting technique 59 , 61 – 2 , 65 – 7 Cholodenko, Alan 157 link between everyday activity and Chow, Kenny 90 particular space 77 – 8 Clarke, James 154 – 5 new character designs 65 – 6 Close Encounters of the Th ird Kind new set designs in Toy Story 3 6 7 23 , 26 , 30 palette and lighting 61 Cohen, Joel 41 reductive approach to landscapes 62 Coleman, Mary 42 , 52 set design 61 colour palette 3 , 61 , 155 stylization of form, texture and for rooms 79 lighting 61 comedy, modes of 3 o f Toy Story 2 6 3 – 6 computer- animated fi lm bodies, o f Toy Story 3 6 6 – 7 organization of 97 – 8 use of strong light sources 62 Computer Animation Production System diegetic and non- diegetic musical soft ware (CAPS) 7 , 184 , 207 numbers 31 , 99 , 106 – 17 , 120 , computer- generated imagery (CGI) 124 n.24 animation 1 , 4 , 73 – 4 , 81 , 83 – 4 , 88 , digital fi lmmaking 4 99 – 100 , 154 , 157 , 181 , 183 digital painting displacement 68 n.7 three- dimensional qualities of 95 , 98 – digital puppetry 89 – 99 9 , 103 n.34 , 103 n.48 Disney 8 Cone, Bill 61 , 63 – 5 , 68 , 70 n.49 animated fi lms, apoliticsm of 33 Courrier, Kevin 106 , 121 nn.4– 5 Burger King union 87 – 8 , 100 n.1 Cowboy & the Spaceman, Th e 4 4 and musicals 106 – 7 creative culture 6 Pixar relationship 182 , 184 – 8 , 191 – 3 cross- promotional activity 87 – 8 , 100 n.1 tie- in promotional merchandise 87 – 8 , Crow, Th e 101 n.5 100 n.1 Crystal, Billy 105 Disney, Roy E. 24 Curious Case of Benjamin Button, DreamWorks 11 , 34 , 99 , 128 , 189 , 191 Th e 8 9 duality and fracturing of self 158 – 9 Cushing, Peter 101 n.5 Dumbo 107 99781501324918index_p241-250.indd781501324918index_p241-250.indd 224242 111/8/20171/8/2017 22:51:38:51:38 PPMM 2 43 Index 243 Eberle, Scott G. 134 Freaks 142 Eggleston, Ralph 59 – 60 , 62 – 7 , 68 Freedman, Yacov 91 n.8 , 77 , 79 freewill, notion of 176 Eisner, Michael 24 , 189 Freud, Sigmund 155 Elsaesser, Th omas 73 , 94 Frkovic, Damir 81 Enchanted 107 Frozen 11 , 29 Entertainment Weekly 192 Futuropolis 6 , 197 , 204 – 5 E.T. Th e Extra- Terrestrial 15 , 23 , 30 Exorcist, Th e 27 , 66 , 142 Garwood, Ian 73 , 76 , 83 Geri’s Game 70 n.52 family audience 22 – 3 G. I. Joe 128 , 133 , 136 , 198 family entertainment in Hollywood 22 – 3 Gipsy Kings, the 105 , 120 ‘adult’ modes of address 27 Giroux, Henry 153 contemporary 23 – 5 Gladiator 101 n.5 during the 1980s and 1990s 23 Glover, Savion 90 ‘Family Entertainment’ banner 24 Godfather, Th e 168 family fi lm 22 – 3 Goldmark, Daniel 106 , 122 n.8 , 124 n.24 , generic conventions of family fi lms 25 125 n.36 humour and intertexuality 26 – 31 Goldstein, Jeff rey 136 live- action/ animation fusion 24 Good Dinosaur, Th e 1 1 – 1 2 modes of nostalgia 31 – 4 Goodman, John 105 psychological impact of family Gordon, Dave 61 breakdown 30 Goulet, Robert 120 strategies of generic Gray, Jonathan 132 hybridization 29 – 30 Grease 1 0 stylistic and narrative innovations 25 – 6 Guzman, René de 175 use of non- diegetic songs 31 family unit 154 , 161 – 2 Hagener, Malte 73 , 94 Fat Feet 200 ‘Hakuna Matata’ 118 fi lm- audience connection 16 – 17 , 29 – 30 , Halberstam, Judith 144 134 – 5 , 137 – 9 , 139 n.13 , 142 , 146 , Hamm 40 , 82 , 87 , 94 – 5 , 128 – 30 , 186 151 , 182 , 184 – 5 , 190 Hanks, Tom 91 , 110 , 119 – 20 adult audiences 31 – 2 , 35 , 142 Happy Feet 9 0 – 1 cine- literate audiences 26 Harari, Yuval Noah 169 Disney’s audience 26 Harry Potter series 34 family audiences 21 – 3 , 35 Haswell, Helen 83 international audiences 29 , 132 Henderson, Joseph 156 – 7 ‘R’- rated horror fi lm 27 Hobbit, Th e 8 9 tackling of dark themes 158 Holian, Heather 91 Finding Dory 12 , 53 Holland, Patricia 148 Finding Nemo 10 – 11 , 99 , 153 , 161 Honeycutt, Kirk 13 Fisher, Carrie 101 n.5 Hughes, Robert 171 Fleming, Dan 136 , 138 Hunchback of Notre Dame, Th e 8 7 foley artists 82 Forbidden Planet 202 Ice Age sequels 11 48 Hrs. 4 1 , 5 1 – 2 Iger, Robert 191 Fractured Times 143 Incredibles, Th e 12 , 192 Frantz, Marie Louise von 154 , 160 Independence Day 1 3 99781501324918index_p241-250.indd781501324918index_p241-250.indd 224343 111/8/20171/8/2017 22:51:38:51:38 PPMM 244 244 Index Indiana Jones and the Temple of Kristeva, Julia 127 Doom 3 4 Kung Fu Panda movies 11 industrial and cultural contexts 2 infantilism 32 Lacan, Jacques 156 – 7 , 161 Innovate the Pixar Way 183 landscape 5 Inside Out 10 , 12 , 153 Lasseter, John 25 , 45 , 53 , 59 – 61 , 66 – 7 , International Film Business, Th e: A 105 , 107 , 131 , 135 , 142 , 157 , 183 , 188 Market Guide Beyond Hollywood 183 Levine, Ken 45 intertextual references 127 – 30 Life in the Freezer 9 0 intertextual connections of light and dark spaces 158 – 60 characters 135 – 9 dark spot of Andy’s vision 160 mutant toys in Sid’s room 133 – 5 Lion King, Th e 8 , 87 , 136 , 118 real- life roots 130 Little Mermaid, Th e 8 , 24 , 185 , 206 real- world toys in Andy’s room Little Princess, Th e 2 2 130 – 3 , 135 – 6 Little Women 2 2 sense of familiarity 130 , 133 – 5 live- action fairy- tale fi lms 29 use of real- life toys 128 – 9 live- action Hollywood family fi lms 3 ‘I Will Go Sailing No More’ 105 , Lone Ranger, Th e 136 112 , 114 – 16 looking glass 153 – 4 , 156 , 159 , 163 Lord of the Rings, Th e 89 , 168 Jackman, Hugh 90 Lovett, Lyle 116 Jameson, Fredric 28 L u c a s fi lm 7 – 8 , 23 , 35 , 191 Jessie 32 , 65 , 70 n.47 , 109 , 118 , 120 – 1 , Luxo Jr.