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Subscribe to the Long Island Historical Journal TH LNGISAN HISORIAL .JOURAL 4 9$~r "W "Startingfrom fish-shape Paumanokwhere I was born..." Walt Whitman Fall 1998 Volume 11 * Number 1 Published by the Department of History State University of New York at Stony Brook copyright 1998 by the Long Island HistoricalJournal ISSN 0898-7084 All rights reserved Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life. The editors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of the Provost and of the Dean of Social and Behavioral Sciences, USB. We thank the Center for Excellence and Innovation in Education, USB, and the Long Island Studies Council for their generous assistance. We appreciate the unstinting cooperation of Gary J. Marker, chair, Department of History, USB, and of past chairpersons Wilbur R. Miller, Joel T. Rosenthal, and Fred Weinstein. We also thank Wanda Mocarski for her technical assistance. The Long Island HistoricalJournal is published twice a year, in May and November. Annual subscriptions are $15, single copies $8. Address articles, correspondence, books for review, and subscriptions to: The Editor, LIHJ Department of History University at Stony Brook Stony Brook, NY 11794-4348 We publish original studies of any aspect of Long Island history. Submit manuscripts in duplicate (no carbons) on 81" x 11" stock, double spaced, with generous margins, and written on only one side of each page. If possible, also submit an IBM- compatible disk. Notes should be numbered consecutively, assembled at the end of the text, and modeled on examples in the Chicago Manual of Style or Turabian. The State University of New York at Stony Brook is an affirmative action/equalopportunity educator and employer. THE LONG ISLAND HISTORICAL JOURNAL Editor: Roger Wunderlich, USB. Associate editor: Richard P. Harmond, St. John's University. Assistant editor: Christopher Gennari, USB. EditorialBoard: Charles F. Howlett, Amityville Mem. High School; Eric E. Lampard, USB; William McAdoo, USB: Wilbur R. Miller, USB; Joel T. Rosenthal, USB: Geoffrey L. Rossano, Salisbury School; Eli Seifman, Center for Excellence and Innovation in Education. USB; Donald E. Simon, Monroe College; John A. Strong, Long Island Univ., Southampton Campus; Fred Weinstein, USB; Luise Weiss, Middle Country Public Library. Advisory Board: Barbara Mazor Bart, Walt Whitman Birthplace Assoc.; Susan L. Battley, USB; Antonia Booth, Southold Town Historian; Wallace W. Broege, Suffolk County Historical Society; Edwin G. Burrows, Brooklyn College; Mitzi Caputo, Huntington Historical Society; Floris B. Cash, USB; Steven R. Coleman, Columbia Univ.; Robert E. Cray Jr., Montclair State College; Marlyn H. Dalsimer, Adelphi Univ.; Mildred M. DeRiggi, Glen Cove Historical Society; Elizabeth Ewen, SUNY College at Old Westbury; Dean F. Failey, American Furniture & Decorative Arts, Christie's; John A. Gable, Theodore Roosevelt Assoc.; John A. Hewlett, Half Hollow Hills School District; Kenneth T. Jackson, Columbia Univ.; Deborah Johnson, Museums at Stony Brook; Barbara M. Kelly, Long Island Studies Institute, Hofstra Univ; Paul E. Kerson, Queens Historical Society; Gerald S. Kessler, Friends for Long Island's Heritage; Jeffrey A. Kroessler, historian; Ned C. Landsman, USB; Robert B. MacKay, Society for the Preservation of Long Island Antiquities; Mary Anne Mrozinski, Rufus King Manor; Philip F. Palmedo, Long Island Research Institute; John G. Peterkin, Cedar Swamp Historical Society; John W. Pratt, USB; Alice Ross, USB; Elly Shodell, Port Washington Public Library; Sr. Joan Ryan, St. Joseph's College: Vincent F. Seyfried, Garden City Historian; Edward J. Smits, Nassau County Historian; Gaynell Stone, Suffolk County Archaeological Association; R. L. Swanson, Marine Sciences Research Center, USB; Francis J.Turano, USB: Evert Volkersz, USB Library. Cover: "In Queens There Is Room for All." Postcard, ca. 1909, collection of Thomas F. Schweitzer. TABLE of CONTENTS EDITORIAL COMMENT THE GREATER CITY AND QUEENS COUNTY By Jeffrey A. Kroessler - 1 BY A MARGIN OF 277 VOTES: THE CONSOLIDATION OF BROOKLYN AND NEW YORK By DonaldE. Simon - 15 DEEPWELLS: A NINETEENTH-CENTURY FARM FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY? By Elizabeth Shepherd- 27 "STATE OF THE ISLAND" SIXTY YEARS AFTER THE HURRICANE: THE CASE FOR REPLACING THE STEEPLE OF SAG HARBOR'S OLD WHALER'S CHURCH By Paul Goldberger - 42 CONGREGATIONAL AUTONOMY AND PRESBYTERIAN DISCIPLINE: THE IMMORAL MINISTRY OF LUTHER GLEASON IN EARLY REPUBLIC NEW YORK, 1789-1808 By Robert E. Cray Jr. - 47 RECENT ARTICLES on LONG ISLAND HISTORY By Natalie A. Naylor with the assistance of VictoriaR. Aspinwall - 64 Secondary School Essay Contest Winners - 81 THE 1939 WORLD'S FAIR: YESTERDAY'S WORLD OF TOMORROW By AdrienneMcllvaine - 81 FOUR DRAMATIC EVENTS THAT AFFECTED LONG ISLAND By Rajesh Parekh - 87 THE AERONAUTICAL HERITAGE OF PORT WASHINGTON By DanielPedisich - 96 REVIEWS - 106 Natalie A. Naylor and Maureen O. Murphy, eds. Long Island Women: Activists andInnovators. By Elizabeth Ewen David Yehling Allen. Long IslandMaps and Their Makers: Five Centuries of CartographicHistory. By Edwin Burrows Clarence Taylor. Knocking at Our Own Door: Milton A. Galamison and the Struggle for School Integration in New York City. By Kimberly Welch John A. Strong. "We Are Still Here!" The Algonquian Peoples of Long Island Today, 2d ed. By DariaMerwin Hal B. Fullerton. Gardenerof Eden: The Wit and Wisdom of Hal B. Fullerton. Compiled and edited by Anne Nauman. By Chet Chorzempa Jeffrey A. Kroessler. Lighting the Way: The Centennial History of the Queens Borough Public Library, 1896-1996. By Christine King Frederick W. Bone. Sands of Time: A History of the Sand and Gravel Operations in PortJefferson and Nearby Harbors. Edited by Mildred Michos. Setauket. By Henry Bokuniewicz Vincent F. Seyfried. FlushingAcademy By Natalie A. Naylor Book Notes - 124 Communications- 126 Contributors Victoria Aspinwall is a recent graduate of Hofstra University, where she is secretary for the Long Island Studies Institute. Robert E. Cray Jr., a professor of history at Montclair State College, recently received the Society for Historians of the Early Republic's Ralph D. Gray award for his essay on Major John Andre. Paul Goldberger, the distinguished former architectural critic for the New York Times, now writes for The New Yorker Magazine. Jeffrey A. Kroessler is the author of many studies of Long Island and New York City, the most recent of which, Lighting the Way: The Centennial History of the Queens Borough Public Library, 1896-1996, is reviewed in this issue of the LIHJ.. Natalie A. Naylor is a professor in New College at Hofstra University, where she teaches courses in American social history. She is also director of Hofstra's Long Island Studies Institute, for which she has organized many conferences and edited several collections of conference papers. Elizabeth Shepherd, a retired schoolteacher, has written eight nonfiction books for children, including Arms of the Sea and The Discoveries of Estaban the Black. Donald Simon, Monroe College Dean of Institutional Services, is a noted scholar of Brooklyn history. Secondary school essay contest winners. At the time of submission, Adrienne Mcllvaine was a junior at Amityville Memorial High School. Rajesh Parekh was a junior at Amityville Memorial High School. Daniel Pedisich was a junior at Paul D. Schreiber High School, Port Washington. The Center for Excellence and Innovation in Education of the State University of New York at Stony Brook Committed to teacher education, educational research and development, and partnership programs with schools in the Long Island region, is pleased to support the Long island Historical Journal Long Island Studies Council An interdisciplinary membership group of scholars, teachers, librarians, archivists, historians, and others interested in the study of Long Island and its heritage, invites readers of the Long Island Historical Journal to its dinner-lecture meetings and site visits. For information, contact Natalie A. Naylor, President Long Island Studies Council 202 Roosevelt Hall 103 Hofstra University Hempstead, NY 11550 (516) 463-5846: fax, (516) 463-4382 Hofstra University will hold a conference in March 1999 commemorating the centennial of Nassau County. Papers dealing with the history of the county are welcome. For a copy of the call for papers, contact the Long Island Studies Institute, Hofstra University - West Campus, 619 Fulton Avenue, Hempstead, N. Y. 11549, (516) 463-6411; or the Hofstra Cultural Center, (516) 463- 5 669. CEDAR SWAMP HISTORICAL SOCIETY T0 RESEARCH.EXPOSE. AND PRESERVE NATIONAL HISTORY AND THlE HERITAGE N~ ig$Tc OF THE17th CENTURYSETTLEMENT OF CEDAR SWAMP Tr(EAST OFHEMPSTEAD HARBOR) ggb CEDARSWAMP. LONG LARD 11546 MEMBERSHIP SINGLE ...........$15 v!FAMILY .......... .426 PROTECT PATRIOT ........ ..$60 OUR HISTORY BENEFACTOR...$100AN LIFE.......... .. $3500 ENVIRONMENT PLEASE MAKECHECKS PAYABLETO ANDMAIL TO. CEDAR SWAMP H4ISTORICAL CDRSWAMP. LONG ILANDSOCIETY 11545 -ABSOLUTECHARTER FROM STATE OP E OKDPATETO DCAINADSAR FRGNS NYC & Long Island Labor History A new journal, the Regional Labor Review, is looking for original and interesting articles (1,000 - 5,000 words) on a wide variety of labor issues in the history of New York City and/or Long Island. Unions, labor-management relations, organizing and strike activity, race/ethnicity and class, labor and gender, work and family, job safety and health, occupational and wage trends, immigration, unemployment, poverty, government-labor
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