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Abdalqahir-B-Tahir-Al-Bagdadi-Al-Farq
MOSLEM SCHISMS AND SECTS COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS SALES AOTTS NEW YORK LEMCKE & BUECHNER 30-32 EAST 20TH STREET LONDON HUMPHREY MILFORD AMEN CORNER, E,C. SHANGHAI EDWARD EVANS & SONS, LTD, 30 NORTH SZECHUEN ROAD COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY ORIENTAL STUDIES VOL. XV. MOSLEM SCHISMS AND SECTS (Al-Fark Bain al-Firak) BEING THE HISTORY OF THE VARIOUS PHILOSOPHIC SYSTEMS DEVELOPED IN ISLAM BY abii-Mansur 'abdKahir ibn-TaMr ARABIC JJ^FROM TOE KATE CHAMBERS SEELYE, PH.D. fork COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS 1920 An rights reserved Copyright, 1920 BY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS Printed from type, January, 1920 m u. i* NOTE The translation of a work from one language into an- other is always a job more or less thankless. It is difficult to satisfy the masters at each end of the line. This is the the case particularly when languages are as distant philo- other as is Arabic. logically one from the English and The translator desires to reach lucidity of statement; at the same time he wishes to reproduce his author's words with as felicitous precision as is possible. Between these two ideals he may fail to adjust himself with that nicety that reveals the master hand. It is not for me to judge in how far Mrs. Seelye has steered clear of the rocks in her I venture to path ; yet say that her translation gives a very fair picture of the original. The subject which was the theme of al-Baghdadi the Con- formity or the non-Conformity of Mohammedan religious and philosophic sectaries is an abstruse one at best. -
Making Islam an American Religion
Religions 2014, 5, 477–501; doi:10.3390/rel5020477 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 www.mdpi.com/journal/religions Article Post-9/11: Making Islam an American Religion Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad 1,* and Nazir Nader Harb 2 1 The Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington, DC 20057, USA 2 Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies, Georgetown University, 1437 37th St, N.W., Washington, DC 20057, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-202-687-2575; Fax: +1-202-687-8376. Received: 3 January 2014; in revised form: 19 May 2014 / Accepted: 20 May 2014 / Published: 1210 June 2014 Abstract: This article explores several key events in the last 12 years that led to periods of heightened suspicion about Islam and Muslims in the United States. It provides a brief overview of the rise of anti-Muslim and anti-Islam sentiment known as “Islamophobia”, and it investigates claims that American Muslims cannot be trusted to be loyal to the United States because of their religion. This research examines American Muslim perspectives on national security discourse regarding terrorism and radicalization, both domestic and foreign, after 9/11. The article argues that it is important to highlight developments, both progressive and conservative, in Muslim communities in the United States over the last 12 years that belie suspicions of widespread anti-American sentiment among Muslims or questions about the loyalty of American Muslims. The article concludes with a discussion of important shifts from a Muslim identity politics that disassociated from American identity and ‘American exceptionalism’ to a position of integration and cultural assimilation. -
The Hadiths About The(Muslim Youth) Imitating Non-Muslim Youth and How This Imitation Violates the Principles of the Islamic Religion / Collection and Study
Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ISSN: 1007-6735 The Hadiths about the(Muslim youth) Imitating non-Muslim Youth and How this Imitation Violates the Principles of the Islamic Religion / Collection and Study Submitted Prof. Dr .Thamer Abdullah Dawood Salman Al-Shuaibi University of Anbar / College of Islamic Sciences - Department of Hadith Sciences University of Anbar Faculty of Islamic Sciences Department of Hadith Sciences 2020 Abstract Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and blessings and peace be upon the Master of theMessengers, our Master Muhammad, and upon all his family and companions .The title, “the hadiths about the (Muslim youth) imitating non-Muslim youth and how this imitation violates the principles”, is considered one of the important and contemporary topics of our time. In my research, I dealt with the hadith that was mentioned regarding the imitation of Muslim youth to others and their violations of the principles of the Islamic religion. The research falls into an introduction and two sections. The first sectiondeals with the meaning of imitation and the difference between imitation and belief. The second section deals with the hadiths about the (Muslim youth) imitating non-Muslim youth and how this imitation violates the principles of Islam. The conclusion sums up the finding of the research. Researcher Introduction Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds; may peace and blessings be upon Prophet Muhammad ,his family and companions. Now to our topic, at the present time, a lot of depraved young people started embracing and imitatingimitation of the West and infidels in a way contrary to the commands of Allah and the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him. -
Prophethood) Is a Fundamental Belief of Islam
1 Introduction Alhamdulillaah, all praise belongs to Allaah and we send Durud and Salaam upon ,عليه/هم السﻻم his most beloved and Final Nabi, the seal of the all the after Ambiyaa him being ,عليه/هم السﻻم Him being the seal of all the Ambiyaa .ﷺ Nabi Muhammad the Final Nabi, has been made mention of in the Noble Quraan and in the This is called Khatm-un-Nubuwwah. The principle of .ﷺ Ahaadith of Rasulullaah Khatm-un-Nubuwwah (Finality of Prophethood) is a fundamental belief of Islam. For the past 1400 years, the entire Ummah is upon the belief of Khatm-un- is ﷺ Nubuwwah (Finality of Prophethood) by announcing that Nabi Muhammad the final Messenger and there is no Nabi to come after him. ﷺ There are countless verses in the Noble Quraan and sayings of Rasulullaah which give clear cut testimony of the belief of Khatm-un-Nubuwwah (Finality of Prophethood). In other words, it is proven from the Quraan, Ahadeeth and Ijmaa’ .is the last and final Nabi ﷺ consensus of all the Muslimeen) that Rasulullaah) And if you turn through the historical pages of Islam, you will find that there were .ﷺ people who had claimed to be Prophets after the demise of Rasulullaah However, when these people raised their ugly heads with such claims, this Ummah crushed their lies and false propaganda with all its might. 1. Musaylamah Kathaab (l.a.) One such false claimant was Musailama Kathaab (l.a.). He started off early in his life learning tricks of deception, illusions and even getting actual assistance of the Shayateen. -
Title: Assessing Apostasy, Blasphemy and Excommunication (Takfir) in Islam and Their Modern Application by States and Non-State Actors
Title: Assessing Apostasy, Blasphemy and Excommunication (takfir) in Islam and Their Modern Application by States and Non-State Actors A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Masaki Nagata Supervised by Dr. Mohamed Elewa Badar Brunel Law School Brunel University June 2016 Abstract In certain contemporary Muslim majority states apostasy and blasphemy are not merely religious sins; they are acts which potentially have legal, or extra-legal, consequences. Although apostasy has not been criminalised in many such states, extrajudicial killings of apostates are carried out by some extremist groups and individuals. Such groups always justify these murders of fellow Muslims and non-Muslims on the grounds of apostasy and blasphemy. The concept and use of takfir (excommunication) is also a serious issue in Muslim majority states. Groups such as Daesh (also known as Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) rely on takfir to attack fellow Muslims, despite there being no legal basis in Shari’a for the use of takfir or for criminalising apostasy. Although the concept was developed by people, not God, takfir are now being used to bypass rational human judgement. Their use plays a major role in many of the religious issues confronting Muslim majority states, such as the criminalisation of apostasy and blasphemy. This thesis analyses the central issues of apostasy, blasphemy and takfir collectively, as their history and their contemporary use and misuse by extremist groups are inextricably entwined. The key finding is that the right to punish apostasy and blasphemy and to issue declarations of excommunication (takfir), all originally reserved in Islam for God only, have been appropriated by man. -
Jihad: a War Against All Non-Muslims Or Not ? Written by Kevin Abdullah Kareem Islamic-Answers.Com ______
Jihad: a war against all Non-Muslims or not ? written by Kevin Abdullah Kareem islamic-answers.com ________________________________________ Should the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims be of war or peace ? In other words, if non-Muslims are being non-violent, harmless, peaceful, neutral or harbor no grudge against Muslims, should Muslims fight against them in such a case ? Or should Muslims only fight against those who attack them and prevent them from propagating Islam, stand in their way, and force those who newly embraced Islam to renounce it by harming and torturing them ? In the past some classical Muslim Jurists held the opinion that Islam enjoins Muslims to maintain a state of permanent belligerence with all non-believers. According to this opinion Muslims are under a legal obligation to reduce all non-Muslim communities to Islamic rule. Proponents of this view did not make any distinction between neutral or peacefull non-Muslim states and those who are violent and aggressive towards the Islamic State. In the Qur’an however we read that Muslims should not wage war against non-Muslims who are peacefull towards them [ see 2:190 1 , 60:8 2 , 4:90 3 ]. For this reason many other Muslim jurists [ modern and classical ones ] have argued that Muslims should only wage war against those non-Muslim states who are hostile against Muslims or pose a serious threat to the Islamic State. In other words Muslims should not attack those who are peacefull towards them. Those classical jurists who disagreed with this view argued that verses on Jihad in the Quran were revealed in stages and Allah revealed verses 9:5 and 9:29 of the Quran for the final stage. -
An Islamic Treasury of Virtues
An Islamic Treasury of Virtues Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents................................................................2 Foreword...........................................................................34 1. god’s people..................................................................36 Those who show mercy will be dealt with mercifully ........................................................................................36 Whatever happens is the will of God.........................36 Remaining steadfast in the face of persecution.........36 The most worthwhile work is preaching the word of God.................................................................................37 The preacher of God’s word wishes people well, no matter how they treat him...........................................37 A good deed is of no value if it makes one proud.....38 Of all actions, the most sublime is remembrance of God.................................................................................38 An able and righteous man – the most treasured asset ........................................................................................39 Qualities of leadership.................................................40 ~ 2 ~ An Islamic Treasury of Virtues Table of Contents What those who sit with leaders should be like........41 Sycophantic subordinates portend disaster...............42 Lip service is not proof of real attachment.................42 Even self-sacrifice is of no value without total sincerity.........................................................................43 -
Combating Militant Islamism with Psychological Operations
COMBATING MILITANT ISLAMISM WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS: INFLUENCING ADVERSARY BEHAVIOR A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Graduate Studies and Research Angelo State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE by JEFFREY OWEN December 2018 Major: Global Security Studies COMBATING MILITANT ISLAMISM WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS: INFLUENCING ADVERSARY BEHAVIOR by JEFFREY OWEN APPROVED: Dr. Anthony N. Celso Dr. William A. Taylor Dr. Bruce E. Bechtol Jr. Dr. John D. Kellermeier December 2018 APPROVED: Dr. Susan E. Keith Dean, College of Graduate Studies and Research ABSTRACT This research serves as an evaluation of the United States’ Psychological Operations (PSYOP) strategy in combating militant Islamist groups. Department of Defense doctrinal publications are the authority in this thesis for defining PSYOP. The research considers past U.S. employment of PSYOP to demonstrate its plausible effectiveness in achieving national security objectives. Analysis supports the idea of PSYOP being an appropriate means to combat militant Islamism. A thorough look into the authoritative texts that militant Islamist groups use to support their ideology leads to the conclusion that the U.S.’s current employment of PSYOP is misdirected and subsequently ineffective. The researcher concludes that an alternative approach involving the use of PSYOP to discredit the militants’ stated ideological source, namely the Quran and Hadith, rather than attempting to simply discredit their interpretation of the texts, would be more effective in influencing adversarial thoughts and behavior to support U.S. national security objectives. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................iii TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................................iv CHAPTERS I. INTRODUCTION – A BATTLE OF IDEOLOGIES.................................................. -
Two Sides of the Saudi Public Policy Coin: Reconciling Domestic and Transnational Values in Recognition and Enforcement of International
Two sides of the Saudi public policy coin: reconciling domestic and transnational values in recognition and enforcement of international commercial arbitration awards Bander Alsaif A thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Juridical Science, Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales 2018 Surname/Family Name : ALSAIF Given Name/s : BANDER Abbreviation for degree as give in the : SJD University calendar Faculty : Faculty of Law School : School of Law Two sides of the Saudi public policy coin: Reconciling Thesis Title : domestic and transnational values in recognition and enforcement of international commercial arbitration awards Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) This thesis investigates how the legal system of Saudi Arabia responds to the application of the concept of public policy in the judicial review of international commercial arbitration awards. This thesis demonstrates the reasons why Saudi courts have refused to recognise and implement foreign awards using the public policy defence. The thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge by precisely addressing the fundamental legal issues of the Saudi concept of public policy. The thesis offers a theoretical and practical understanding of the concept of public policy from the international and Saudi perspective, which enables this research to provide legal recommendations to reconcile domestic and transnational values. By extrapolating the available provisions of the Saudi Board of Grievances, executive courts and legislatures, and comparing them with equivalent provisions in other leading jurisdictions in the development of arbitration law, this thesis concludes that the judicial application of the Saudi concept of public policy to the international commercial arbitration awards is unsatisfactory. -
The Radical Application of the Islamist Concept of Takfir
Arab Law Quarterly 31 (2017) 132-160 The Radical Application of the Islamist Concept of Takfir a b c Mohamed Badar, Masaki Nagata and Tiphanie Tueni a Reader in Comparative and International Criminal Law and Islamic Law, Northumbria Law School, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK b Brunel University, London, UK c Legal advisor, France [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract The ideology and actions of certain militant groups in the Middle East are often condemned as a perversion of Islamic precepts. In order to achieve a theologically ideal society these groups espouse Takfirism, a minority ideology which endorses violence and in particular advocates the killing of other Muslims declared to be unbelievers. These groups justify their words and deeds with direct quotations from the Qur’an and the Sunna, which are the sources of Islamic law (Shari‘a), as well as by citing historical precedents such as the Khawarij movement and Ibn Taymiyya’s fatawa. This article aims to analyse how these groups (and in some cases state actors) defend their actions in legal terms and how mainstream Islamic scholars respond to what they consider to be doctrinal deviations. Keywords Takfir; ISIS; the Khawarij; Wahhabism; radical Islamist groups; hisba; fatwa; blasphemy; apostasy 1 Introduction Mainstream Sunni Islam considers it wrong for Muslims to engage in the practice of takfir (excommunication), a right they consider to be held solely by God. Declaring someone a kafir1 and subsequently taking their life are acts that nevertheless have been carried out by certain Muslim groups for centuries, right from the Khawarij in the 7th century CE through to the al- Zarqawi-led Iraqi insurgency and the so called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in modern times. -
Da* Wain Islamic Thought: the Work Of'abd Allah Ibn 'Alawl Al-Haddad
Da* wa in Islamic Thought: the Work o f'Abd Allah ibn 'Alawl al-Haddad By Shadee Mohamed Elmasry University of London: School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD. ProQuest Number: 10672980 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672980 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT Imam 'Abd Allah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad was bom in 1044/1634, he was a scholar of the Ba 'Alawi sayyids , a long line of Hadrami scholars and gnostics. The Imam led a quiet life of teaching and, although blind, travelled most of Hadramawt to do daw a, and authored ten books, a diwan of poetry, and several prayers. He was considered the sage of his time until his death in Hadramawt in 1132/1721. Many chains of transmission of Islamic knowledge of East Africa and South East Asia include his name. Al-Haddad’s main work on da'wa, which is also the core of this study, is al-Da'wa al-Tdmma wal-Tadhkira al-'Amma (The Complete Call and the General Reminder ). -
Islam in Conflict with the Constitution: Holding Muslim Public Officials Accountable to the 1St Amendment
Islam in Conflict with the Constitution: Holding Muslim Public Officials Accountable to the 1st Amendment STEPHEN M. KIRBY May 27, 2019 - San Francisco, CA - PipeLineNews.org - As I pointed out in a previous article , it has become increasingly common to question the beliefs of Christian public officials, or those Christians aspiring to public office in the United States. With this as our precedence, let’s take a similar approach to the religion of Islam and those who follow that religion. This is the first in a series of articles in which we will see that Islamic Doctrine is largely incompatible with, and often violates many of the fundamental tenets found in the United States Constitution. In this first article, we shall be looking at Islam and the 1st Amendment guarantee of freedom of speech and freedom of religion; this is part of the Constitution that Muslim public officials publicly swear to support, defend, and bear allegiance to, while their religion demands the very opposite. We must start holding Muslim public officials accountable for those contradictions between their religion and the Constitution they swear to uphold. This article provides you the information you need to understand those contradictions, and then ends with suggested action items. The Oath of Office Public officials and elected representatives at all levels of government across the United States take an oath of office. This includes school board and city council members, mayors, law enforcement officers, state officials and members of the United States Congress.