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Dissertation DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation „Die katholische Kirche und die Freimaurerei“ Ein dokumentarischer Rückblick und die Dialoge in Österreich im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert Verfasser Mag. Dr. Harald SCHREFLER Angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) Wien, im April 2009 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 092 / 312 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt: Geschichte Betreuer: Hon.Prof. Dr. Lorenz MIKOLETZKY Harald Schrefler Die katholische Kirche und die Freimaurerei - 2 - Harald Schrefler Die katholische Kirche und die Freimaurerei - 3 - INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Vorwort…………………………………………………………………………….- 7 - 1 Einleitung und Forschungsfrage............................................................ - 11 - 1.1 Forschungsfrage .................................................................................... - 11 - 1.2 „Universitäten und Königliche Kunst“ – universitäre Arbeiten zur Freimaurerei........................................................................................... - 13 - 2 Rituelles in der Freimaurerei .................................................................. - 15 - 2.1 „Weil wir als freie Männer bauen am Tempel der allgemeinen Menschenliebe“...................................................................................... - 15 - 2.1.1 Der Versuch einer kurzen Definition ............................................... - 15 - 2.1.2 Keine Religion, aber eine Lebenshaltung ....................................... - 17 - 2.1.3 Freie Männer von gutem Ruf .......................................................... - 19 - 2.2 Organisation, Richtungen....................................................................... - 20 - 2.2.1 Großlogen ....................................................................................... - 20 - 2.2.2 Basic Principles............................................................................... - 22 - 2.2.3 Landmarks ...................................................................................... - 23 - 2.2.4 Keine internationale „Zentrale“........................................................ - 24 - 2.3 Satzung und Konstitution der Grossloge von Österreich........................ - 24 - 2.3.1 Satzungen....................................................................................... - 25 - 2.3.2 Konstitution und „Allgemeine freimaurerische Grundsätze“............ - 26 - 2.4 „Alte Pflichten“........................................................................................ - 27 - 2.5 Der rituelle Ablauf in einer Johannisloge................................................ - 31 - 2.5.1 Freimaurerei und inneres Erlebnis – „Wie viel bedeutet und bringt Dir …“.............................................................................................. - 32 - 2.5.2 Freimaurerische Symbole ............................................................... - 34 - 2.5.3 Der Tapis ........................................................................................ - 37 - 2.5.4 „In Ordnung, meine Brüder“ ............................................................ - 39 - 2.6 Der Große Baumeister aller Welten ....................................................... - 41 - 2.6.1 Supreme Being ............................................................................... - 41 - 2.6.2 The Great Architect of the Universe................................................ - 42 - 2.6.3 „Kein Beweger sondern ein Entwerfer“ ........................................... - 43 - 2.6.4 Die Fraglichkeit des Gottesbegriffs ................................................. - 44 - 2.6.5 Gebete ............................................................................................ - 45 - 3 Philosophie und Ethik in der Freimaurerei............................................ - 47 - 3.1 Eine humanistische Weltanschauung .................................................... - 47 - 3.2 Das freimaurerische Menschenbild........................................................ - 48 - 3.2.1 „Alte Pflichten“ und „Neue Menschenpflichten“............................... - 48 - 3.2.2 Ein ideales Leitbild .......................................................................... - 50 - 3.2.3 Freimaurerische Ethik ..................................................................... - 52 - 3.3 Freimaurerei und Religion...................................................................... - 55 - 3.3.1 Vereinigte Großloge von England: „Freimaurerei und Religion“ (1983).............................................................................................. - 56 - 3.3.2 Religiöse Bezüge in der freimaurerischen Symbolik ....................... - 58 - 3.3.3 „Gott …..lassen, wo er hingehört, nämlich in der Kirche“................ - 59 - Harald Schrefler Die katholische Kirche und die Freimaurerei - 4 - 4 Die Bullen (Enzykliken) der Päpste im 17., 18. und 19. Jahrhundert... - 61 - 4.1 Die Grosslogen von London (1717) ....................................................... - 61 - 4.2 Die ersten Verbote der Freimaurerei (1735) .......................................... - 62 - 4.3 Papst Clemens XII: „In eminenti apostolatus specula“ (1738) ............... - 65 - 4.4 Papst Benedikt XIV.: „Providas romanorum pontificum“ (1751)............. - 66 - 4.5 Kaiser Joseph II.: Das Handbillett „Freymaurergesellschaften“ (1785).. - 67 - 4.6 Papst Gregor XVI.: „Mirari vos“ (1832)................................................... - 70 - 4.7 Papst Pius IX.: „Quanta cura“ (1864) ..................................................... - 70 - 4.8 Das Erste Vatikanische Konzil (1869) .................................................... - 71 - 4.9 Der Grossorient von Frankreich (1877).................................................. - 71 - 4.10 Papst Leo XIII.: „Humanum genus“ (1884)............................................. - 72 - 4.11 Der Codex Iuris Canonici (1917) ............................................................ - 74 - 5 Die ersten Jahrzehnte des 20. Jahrhunderts ....................................... - 76 - 5.1 Die Aachener Gespräche (1928)............................................................ - 76 - 5.2 Der Nationalsozialismus (1936) ............................................................. - 77 - 5.3 Kardinal Dr. Innitzer und Grossmeister Bernhard Scheichelbauer (1948)..................................................................................................... - 81 - 5.3.1 Die Reaktivierung der Großloge von Wien...................................... - 81 - 5.3.2 Das Gespräch Innitzer – Scheichelbauer vom 10.8.1948............... - 82 - 5.4 Das 2. Vatikanische Konzil (1962 – 1965) ............................................. - 87 - 5.4.1 Die Konzilsdokumente .................................................................... - 87 - 5.4.2 Dignitatis humanae ......................................................................... - 89 - 5.4.3 Gaudium et spes............................................................................. - 91 - 5.4.4 Gefahr für den Glauben .................................................................. - 92 - 5.5 Das Sekretariat für die Nichtglaubenden – „usus docebit“ (1964).......... - 92 - 5.5.1 „Usus docebit“ – Die Erfahrung wird das lehren.............................. - 92 - 5.5.2 Dialog als Abenteuer....................................................................... - 94 - 5.5.3 Das Dokument „Der Dialog mit den Nichtglaubenden (De dialogo cum non credentibus)“.................................................................... - 95 - 5.6 Töhötöm Nagy: Jesuit und Freimaurer (1963) ....................................... - 96 - 5.6.1 Der Jesuit........................................................................................ - 96 - 5.6.2 Der Freimaurer................................................................................ - 97 - 6 Die letzten Jahrzehnte des 20. Jahrhunderts...................................... - 102 - 6.1 „Bittschriften“ der Grossmeister von Haiti(1962) und Österreich (1965)................................................................................................... - 102 - 6.2 Der Dialog zwischen Franz Kardinal König und dem deputierten Grossmeister Kurt Baresch (1968 – 1983)........................................... - 103 - 6.2.1 Der Brief der Kongregation für die Glaubensdoktrin ..................... - 103 - 6.2.2 Die Kommission bis zur Lichtenauer Erklärung............................. - 107 - 6.3 Die Lichtenauer Erklärung (1970) ........................................................ - 110 - 6.3.1 Gespräche rund um die entstehende Erklärung ........................... - 110 - 6.3.2 Konkrete Punkte ........................................................................... - 112 - 6.3.3 Hoffnung auf den neuen Codex Iuris Canonici ............................. - 115 - 6.3.4 Offizielle Interpretation des can. 2335 (1974) ............................... - 116 - 6.4 Die Entwicklung in Deutschland (1968 – 1980).................................... - 117 - 6.4.1 Die ersten Gespräche ................................................................... - 117 - 6.4.2 „Kirche und Freimaurer im Dialog“(1975)...................................... - 118 - 6.4.3 Anti – freimaurerische Literatur..................................................... - 120 - Harald Schrefler Die katholische Kirche und die Freimaurerei - 5 - 6.4.4 Die Unvereinbarkeitserklärung der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz (1980)...........................................................................................
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