Inter-Society Color Council News

Number 334 November/December 1991 IN THIS ISSUE

page

Calling All Colorful Musicians ...... 1 CALLING ALL COLORFUL

Anna Campbell Bliss Mural Featured in MUSICIANS!

Scientific American ...... 2 ~-~?'''"'"~ An ISCC band is fonning! If you play an instrument, please let me know. Depending on lnterRITesting Corner ...... 2 '9 ~ ~'\~ ~ how many of us play and what styles, we might New Members ...... 3 -~ have an opportunity to play at the Princeton ~~ joint meeting with AIC next year. Who knows, Certificates ...... 3 ~\. this could become our most active interest group! ~.'~ ple~e send me the following infonnation as soon as Corrections ...... 3 poSSible: Name, address, phone, fax, instrument, music styles, and Williamsburg 1992 Conference ...... 4 music reading proficiency. Report From Interest Groups I & 11 •• •••• •••• •••• ••••••••• ••••• .4 Thanks and I look forward to hearing from you. Roy Berns Report From Interest Group 111 •.••••••• ••••••• ••••• ••••••• ••..••• 6 Munsell Color Science Laboratory Center for Imaging Science, RIT Report From Project Committee #45 ...... 7 P.O. Box 9887, Rochester, NY 14623-0887 Phone 716 475 2230 I Fax 716 475 5988 The Colour Group of Great Britain ...... 7

AIC Conference 1993 ...... 8 Instrument: Guitar, Banjo Style: swing,nwdernjazz, western swing, bluegrass 22nd Session of the Cl E...... 9 Reading: chord charts and jazz fake books

News From Member Bodies 510 ...... 12 A PLEA TO ALL GIA ...... 12 CONTRIBUTORS AND AATCC ...... 12 PROSPECTIVE CONTRIBUTORS Welcome Back SPE ...... 13

IS&T ...... 14 TO THE ISCC NEWS

TAGA ...... 14 When submitting items for publication in the ISCC News-or when issuing reports to chairmen, it would be appreciated if GATF ...... 14 you would please supply supporting, duplicate material on disk Application For Membership ...... 15 as well. Disk fonnats are noted on the back page. If requested, we In This Issue of Color Research & Application ...... 17 can and wiU return the disks to their owner. Deadline to the editor is the first of each even numbered Calendar ...... 1 7 month, so please plan ahead. Thank you for your consideration. Editor ISCC NEWS NO. 334 2 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991 Page 2 of ISCC News No.330 and Page 1 of the by Anna Campbell Bliss, explores the worlds opened by the last issue of ISCC News featured articles on ISCC innovative use of computers. The artist attempts to span time Member Anna Campbell Bliss and her mural, and place, showing how computers let us see phenomena from Windows. Here's morel the microscopic to the macroscopic. The palette of colors ... is typical of graphics programs. Representations of outer space are juxtaposed with images from pre-Columbian Peru as well ANNA CAMPBELL BLISS as resent-day Salt Lake City. Bliss contrasts Chinese calligraphy with randomly generated alphanumeric printing, MURAL FEATURED IN followed by an interpretation of computer memory. "A 'fractalscape' evokes the future. The work is on display SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN at the Data Center located at the Utah State Capitol." The photograph is attributed to John Telford, University of A two-page color photograph of the large mural Windows by Utah. Anna Campbell Bliss was featured on the first two pages of the Anna Campbell Bliss has been an ISCC member for many lead article in the September, 1991, 190-page special issue of years and was a Director from 1983 to 1986. Mrs. Bliss Scientific American. The article, titled Communications, pursued dual stu~es in art and architecture, receiving a Computers, and Networks, set the theme for the annual issue of Bachelor of Arts degree from Wellesley College and a Master that magazine, which traditionally features a single topic of of Architecture degree from the Graduate.School of Design at major interest to the scientific world. The abstract of the article Harvard University. She continued at MIT and Minnesota and reads: "By fusing computing and communications technologies with computer studies at the University of Utah. Recent honors we can create an infrastructure that will profoundly reshape our awarded her include the American Academy of Rome economy and society." It was written by Michael L. Dertouzos, Fellowship, ASID Presidential Citation, and a Graham director of the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science. Foundation grant for color research and experimentation. Her The caption to the photograph of the Bliss mural reads: works are exhibited in many museums, galleries, and industrial "Windows, an eight-by-30 foot mural made of enameled steel buildings. Fred W. Billmeyer, Jr.

encourages a wide variety of color Color Science from Philadelphia INTERR •I• TESTING science applications. The following is a College of Textiles and Science with an brief introduction to these students and emphasis in physics and chemistry. As a CORNER their particular interesL student at RIT, her electives have been in optics and statistics. This year she We welcome RIT as a regular Returning M.S. Students will begin work on her thesis concerning contributor to the ISCC News. Seth Ansell received his B.S. in mathematical and physcophysical Ms Elizabeth Pirrotta of the Imaging Science from RIT with an testing of color appearance models. Munsell Color Science emphasis on color and has previous Brian Rose has also received a B.S. Laboratory has promised to find experience as a professional in color science from Philadelphia interesJing "tidoits" for our photographer. AS a M.S. student, he has College of Textiles and Science. His readers. Her first of many focused on imaging science in his course concentrations were in psychology and articles follows: work. Presently, he is researching the design, and his focus at RIT has been in evaluation of object texture using computer graphics design. Currently, Rochester Institute of colorimetty for his thesis. his thesis research involves creating an Technology has the only Ken Parton is an Imaging Science interactive computer graphics graduate level color B.S./ M.S. candidate in MCSL. He is presentation to teach a color science science program in the completing work on his thesis foundation as it relates to the use of country. The nucleus of concerning the analytical modeling of color in computer ~phics programs. this program is the Munsell Color ink-jet printers. He recently presented Science Laboratory (MCSL), consisting his research at IS&T's 7th International New Students of a collective of students, faculty and Congress on Advances in Non-Impact Tim Kohler received his B.S. in staff, rather than just a room full of Printing. Upon completion of his work Printing Technology from Western instruments and computers. There are at RIT, he will be employed by Hewlett­ Washington University and also has an cwrently seven full time students and Packard in the Corvallis division as a A.A.S. in Photography. Currently he is one visiting scholar associated with R&D engineer. focusing on statistics and printing MCSL. While this may seem like a EUzabeth Pirrotta is in her second courses. He intends to do research small, specialized group, the program year at RIT. She received a B.S. in concerning color pre-press proofing and ISCC NEWS NO. 334 3 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991

NEW MEMBERS Ms. Janice Dries Xerox Corp. We are pleased to Iist the latest 1350 Jefferson Road C·ERTIFICATE NOTE members to the ISCC. Their Rochester NY 14623 names will appear in the 1992 USA Some of you may have recently received l>lank ISCC membership Membership Directory. Ms. Ann G. Elwell Welcome! Interphase certificates in the mail. 380 Mt.Auburn Street Dr. David R. Ca~ If you are current in your dues and wish to 7230 Wurzbach #2406 Watertown MA02172 San Antonio TX 78240 USA have your certificate signedandda~plcase USA mail it to: Ms. Betty A. Grove Ms. NancY. J. Churchill Williamsville Central Schools NEV AMAR Corp. Mr. Hugh Fairman, 8835 Goodrich Road 8339 Telegraph Road President ISCC Clarence Center NY 14032 Odenton MD 21113 C/0 Armorguard Products, Inc. USA USA P.O. Box215 Ms. Denise Cumming Andover, NJ 07821 Burlington Menswear Ms. Susan H. Keesee 20th Ffoor AA TCC Technical Center 1345 Ave of Americas POBox 12215 It will be signed, sealed and delivered to New York NY 10105 RTPNC27709 you, promptly! USA USA

Mr. Timothy L. Kohler image manipulation in color printing. RIT Nathan Moroney is another student 513 Fairwood Circle who received a B.S. in Color Science Rochester NY 14623 from Philadelphia College of Textiles USA and Science. There he focused primarily in computer science. At RIT he is Dr. Peter McGinley OMISSIONS AND concentrating on statistics and digital Dulux Australia image processing electives. His future POBox60 DELETIONS research interests are in color computer Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia imaging. There are several corrections to Ms. Carol M. P-Stahl be noted from the last issue of Other Students PPG Industries,IncJ Glass R&D Center ISCC News (333). Please Toru Hosbino is a visiting scholar Guys Run Road correct as follows: from the Japan-based Konica PO Box #11472 Corporation and has his B.S. in Imaging Hannarville PA 15238 Page 7, third column should read: " ... he Science from Chiba University in Chiba, USA pointed out that a review of published Japan. He has been with MCSL since data sbows considerable variability in spring of 1991 and plans to stay for Mr. Richard G. Racheter ~... " approximately two years. He will be Internat.Academy of Merchandsg & Design Library Page 9, third column top should read: conducting research in colorimetric "Colour Appearance and the Effect of compression and chromatic adaptation. 200 S. Hoover Blvd Tampa fL 33609 Simultaneous Contrast, S.A.R Amy North is in the final stages of USA Scrivener" completing her M.S. in Color Science Page 12, E1356-90 should be and is now pursuing a Ph.D. in Imaging Dr. Andrea Raggi Calorimetez. Flass should be Glass. Science at RIT. Her M.S. thesis Istituto Di Merceologia The method El356-90 should be not involved investigation of observer Universita' Degli Studi included in the 1991 Book of ASTM metamerism through measurements of Piazza Scaravilli 2 Standards ·relating to appearance, since color matching functions using a visual Bologna 40126 the reference is Calorimeter, not colorimeter she designed and Italy Colorimeter. implemented. She intends to continue Page 13 Third Column, half way her emphasis in color by working with down, our president is Hu&h S. Fainnan. the color appearance of images in different media. ISCC NEWS NO. 334 4 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991

accommodations fees are $76.50 per person for double WILLIAMSBURG 1992 occupancy and $101 for single occupancy. Reservations can be made by cont~cting Colonial Williamsburg directly at 800- The Inter-Society Color Council (ISCC) and the HISTORY; ask for group reservations under ISCC-92A by Technical Association of the Graphic Arts January 15, 1992. (T AGA) wi II co-spqnsor a conference on Program: Comparison of Colored Images Presented in The technical program will consist of paper sessions on Different Media that are Intended to Simulate Monday morning and evening, Tuesday morning and afternoon Each Other or Another Image. and Wednesday morning. Monday afternoon is open to allow the attendees to enjoy the attractions of Colonial Williamsburg. The two and one half day conference, A reception is scheduled for Sunday evening following February 23-26, 1992, will address the registration. problems associated with comparing and The program will address such topics as: evaluating images that are intended to Appearance modeling match or simulate another image when White point and monitor calibration they are presented in different media. The Data transmission program will consist of both invited and Adaptation contributed papers and is intended to Color transforms and look-up tables provide a forum to address and discuss critical issues associ­ Present techniques ated with this topic. Color independent measurement (are there any) Participants should be prepared to discuss the papers Transparance input,· Reflection output presented and the conference will be sttuctured to encourage Tolerances for pictorial images such participation. To aid in this interchange, attendance will Dealing with media of different luminances ranges be limited and will be available on a first come, first ser\ted Influence of surface properties ofimage interpretation basis. Registrants will receive pre-conference abstracts and are Registration: encouraged to be familiar with the pertinent literature. The fee for the conference is $200 for participants and $30 Because many of the problems associated with the for accompanying persons. This fee includes all social events. comparison of images in different media involve appearance Registration will begin at 4:00 pm Sunday February 23, 1992 concepts, the conference is dedicated to the Memory of and will be followed by a reception at 5:00 pm. RichardS. Hunter, pioneer fn the measurement, Conference registration can be made through Mr. James instrumentation and technology of appearance. Grady, arrangements chairman. by January 15, 1992. Checks Arrangements: should be made payable to Inter-Society Color Council. The conference will be held at the Woodlands in Colonial Refunds cannot be made after February 3, 1992. For additional Williamsburg Virgima. A group booking has been arranged registration information call Jim Grady at 313-585-7200. including a modified American plan and full facilities usage. For other information, con~t Milton Pearson, conference This includes room accommodation, breakfast, dinner and chairman, RIT Research Corporation, 75 Highpower Rd., visiting privileges to Colonial Williamsburg. Daily Rochester, NY 14623, phone 716-475-5290.

advertising, archiving, and other compared to the original. REPORT FROM applications. There are many new Provoked by this theme, six authors devices and technologies available to presented papers representing diverse INTEREST GROUPS provide coloration opportunities such as views of the problems and concepts of still video, color electrophotography, ink color reproduction. As the scope of I AND II jet, and thennal dye diffusion. Also participation in the interest groups computer graphics software packages continues to expand, we were pleased During the annual meeting are frequently used to create a desired that each of the papers was conlributed held in New York, Interest design on a CRT. Sometimes when a rather than invited, and that for a Groups I and II combined to printed color image is made it does not number of the authors this was their first hold a joint meeting whose title match the color as it was displayed on association with the ISCC. We will was, Color: What You See Is the CRT. In addition, traditional color continue to actively encourage an Not Always What You Get. reproduction with photography can offer increasingly broad participation in the a surprise when the color does not match interest group sessions of future This theme was selected as many that of the original, It is not always meetings, and invite those with ideas to designers and artists have a need to obvious how or why the color of the share to plan to make presentations. We accurately reproduce color for reproduction was altered when include here a brief review of the ISCC NEWS NO. 334 5 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991 contents of the papers. communicate color, the user must be color and its correspondence with color Color Photography: A Mi"or of the able to conttol the color being displayed alignment. In accordance with the World, Paula Alessi, Eastman Kodak regardless of the medium in which it is fonnulation of color alignments, initially Co. being generated. 11te various types of developed by Nathaniel Jacobson and Color Photography is one means of media involved in computer desktop Walter Bender, there is a wide range of capturing an original scene and saving it publishing include: experiential possibilities. In terms of this in the form of a reproduction. Many of 1. ROB monitors formulation, no alignment is better than us have used our cameras to record an 2. Color thermal ttansfer printers another. Differences merely reflect the important moment onto color film. 3. Laser image setters. differing experience they create. For sometimes we are surprised when we 4. Pre-press proofs example, an energetic experience receive the photographic reproduction, 5. Process color or spot color corresponds to a complementary or off­ whether it is a color print or a color printing. complementary alignment A change in slide, because it does not always match It is impossible to generalize a experience corresponds to a shift in the colors as we remember them in the calibration specification for ROB color alignment, and vice versa. Therefore, original scene. The factors that produce monitors as the phosphors are different there is the possibility of choosing an these results are varied and complex, but for each of the major brands. To define a experience desired and the realignment Paula used demonsttations of two issues color in terms of RGB iherefore, that will produce iL Several striking to illusttate the point constrains the accurate display to the examples illustrated the issues. Also, After describing the processes of monitor for which the calibration was color alignment allow for systematic image capture, chemical processing and made. To solve this problem it is specification of color relationships, and final color reproduction for both slid:e necessary to use device-independent pennit their preservation. and reflection print fibns, common specifications, D50 and 065. Pantone Color Reproduction: Good News and differences between the specttal custom matches its colors to each Bad News, Roy S. Berns and Brian J. sensitivities of film layers and human licensed a hard-copy output device Rose, Rochester Institute of Technology vision sensors were shown. Often the through a lookup table created for each In the human visual system, the eye red sensitive film layer exhibits printer. contains three color receptors that are sensitivity far past that of the eye. This Preserving the Experience of Color, responsible for the capability of color result leads the heavenly blUe morning Uri Feldman, MIT Media Laboratory vision. Trichromatic color reproduction glory to be reproduced as a pink or Uri Feldman has adopted a point of depends on the image capturing device purple, and an azo dyed green gannent view quite different from more standard having sensitivities similar to those of can be reproduced as a brown. However, objective colorimetric- specification. In the eye's sensors. This correspondence the solution of the problem is not just to his presentation he described how to is rarely achieved, and as a result, color make the film sensitivities match the preserve the "experience" of color.

Color: What You See Is Not Color Tolerancing of lmJJges, Mike very different from the structure that Always What You Get Stokes, Rochester lnsL of Technology exists in the United States in that the (can't from page 5) The object of Mike Stokes' work was professors have a limited length of time to measure the perceptibility and in their positions at the Konstfackskolan prints, photographic ttansparencies and acceptability tolerances for color before returning to their full time careers offset printing. While some of the images. Six pictorial scenes of wide as working artists. Mr. Thompson results were pleasing, many of the ranging content were displayed on a remarked on the varied and discrepancies were large and high resolution color monitor wh~ comjnehensive programs presented in objectionable: judges evaluated paired-comparisons. all media; textiles, ceramics, sculpture in An Investigation Into Current and The images were digitally manipulated every material, drawing, painting; fully Optimum Methods ofColor in CIELAB dimensions by using ten preparing the student to create complete Reproduction in the Graphic Arts, mathematic functions. Psychophysically ambiance in arL Edward Pariser, R.R. Donnelley and derived tolerances detennirted by probit Included in the slide review were Sons Company analysis were compared to the results of stunning examples of the magnificent Ed Pariser performed an experiment CIELAB and CMC, and MCSL color Stockholm underground railway system. to determine the optimum method of difference equations. Sweden's long winters and sometimes reproducing the colors in a photographic The high degree of fit of data analysis dreary climate demands enclosed spaces color transparency that are outside of the by the digital models suggest that the of excellent visual and physical gamut of the printing process. The experimental environment was sound. experience. The faculty and students of currently employed techniques of However, Mike concludes that none of Konstfackskolan have developed a reproducing a transparency on a four the three color difference formulae course of study designed to beautifully color process were modeled in CIELAB accurately predict the visual fill these .requirements. color space. These models were used to observations of the images, and the Jean Bourges of Bourges Color study the present practice of handling scene dependence was very modest, International presented a progress report out of gamut colors and tone certainly less than in other experiments. of her book Bourges 20 Keys. Bourges is reproduction, which is producing The detailed tolerance curves will be a name that is well known by graphic acceptable results in the ~etplace. presented in a forthcoming publication. artists. The original ink-color sheets, This study showed that the prepress Norm Burningham introduced in 1949, became the accepted CMYK color correction tables that were coloring material for the designer. Miss empirically derived give tone Bourges informed the group that a reproduction of the neuttal scale that is REPORT FROM patent has recently been granted to this linear in L*, and give color reproduction comprehensive and updated color tat is a non-uniform compression of C* INTEREST GROUP system, re-enforcing the 20 Keys for andL*. today's relevance and- taking it into the Published literature for handling out­ Ill-ART, DESIGN & 21st century. of-gamut colors on a CRT iridicates that Miss Bourges presented "galleys" of clipping the pixels back to the surface of PSYCHOLOGY her book for critique by the audience. the output gamut was preferred over Magenta Yglesias, ASID, The Bourges 20 Keys are colors compression of either C* or C* /L*. In a Chairman arranged in a master chart that covers similar study reported here, but now for the spectrum and offers simple and valid a direct digital color proofing device, six Special Interest Group ill met Sunday methods to work with color. The methods of gamut clipping and afternoon May 5, 1991 at our annual descriptive text will extend the visual compression were compared. Six meeting in New Yorlc City. presentation of color and direct creation different input images were evaluated in Wade Thompson, Professor Art and of color schemes; establishing color a paired comparison experiment. Desigit at Southwest Missouri State complements; tints and shades of the Included in the gam~t compressing University in Springfield, Missouri, hues; dulling and brightening particular techniques were clipping C* at constant presented a slide/lecture reporting his hues or combinations for a desired L* and hue angle, and compression of recent visit to the National College of particular color effect. both L* and C* similar to the employed Art and Design (konstfackskolan) in Mary Ann Danin of the Department in Donnelley prepress centers. The Stockholm, Sweden. Mr. Thompson of Art at California State University, results of this study indicate that the examined tbe Painting and Environment Northridge presented a slide/lecture preferred methods of color gamut program, which is a five year program of addressing· "Spatial Hue reduction for reflective hard copy were study, preparing studentS for career as Discrimination". similar to those found for CRTs, and fine artists able to apply their skills in Miss Danin' s study sought to decide also noted that the preferred method creating environmental installations and at what distance hue helps define our could be image dependenL commissions. The faculty sbllcture is perception of space. To verify the ISCC NEWS NO. 334 7 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991 existence of the advancing and receding of wann and cool colors; to find whether REPORT FROM PROJECT COMMITTEE #45: factors of age, background, sex and visual experie~ are detenninants. Or, PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO COLOR are visual preferences associated with George Brainard, Ph.D. and Magenta Yglesias, ASID, Chairmen outdoor recreational activities, driving a car, watching television, bobbies The Project Committee #45 convened on Monday afternoon, May 6, 1991 to review requiring close work, etc. importanL our Scope and Objectives. N.B. There is a need to classify and define how color Miss Danin also investigated the effect influences human physiology, psychology, and behayior in order to improve use of color blindness had upon the viewer's color in the human envi.romDent; to develop appropriate terniinology and definitions perception of depth when hue is the only for describing the effect of color on human physiology, psychology and behavior; to cue. conduct experiments to generate data necessary to define human physiological The method of investigation was to response to color; to conduct experiments to study the effects of color on human use human subjects and actual enclosed psychology and behavior; and to design and conduct an empirical study which will space instead of a computer simulation. yield repeatable data on the biological response of nonnal humans to color. A 50 foot tunnel was designed as a In the course of developing ~e above Scope and· Objectives, the committee has testing environment, without first and established a network of members with keen interest in this study, and also conducted second order spatial cues. Sight lines a comprehensive literature search with a resulting bibliography, and a history of (perspective) were nonexistent and the previous work on the subject within the ISCC. light was indirecL Cues relating to size Dr. Biainard presented an illustrated report of how the study was conducted and and shape were controlled by the use of the basic results of the finished study. It was decided by the Committee that we had amorphous irregular shapes that were achieved our goals and that the project was of outstanding interest and merit The C~ varied. Color and hue were the only Chair have elected to place this report before the ISCC in a separate document in the spatial cues. near future. A densitometer was used to measure New projects developed from this meeting; i.e., a printed report of the literature the value of each hue to assure absolute and information collected to date, and a wriuen history of the ISCC' s work in Human uniformity. They correspond to the CIE/ Response to Color. The Co-Chair are encouraged by the response and request the Munsell scales. Gray is Number 5 on the Committee's patience in the follow-up on the formation of these new projects. Munsell scale with a reading of .6 on the densitometer, red and blue correspond with exactly the same readings on both scales. Made Brown, assistant, built a tunnel The Colour Group of Great Britain Announces: 50 feet long and 8 feet in diameter. A series 2ND BARTLESON SYMPOSIUM of targets, each group incl~ding a red, a blue, and a gray were placed at each of three intervals, 21 feet, 35 feet and 45 feeL The Second Bartleson Symposium will be devoted to "Spatial The tester raised one target at a time from Inductions and Colour Constancy" and will be held on January 8, its prone position on the floor to an upright 1992 at the Royal Institution, Albermarle Street, london. The position in random order. The subject program will include the following papers: moved an overhead gray target, attempt­ ing to position the top gray target directly Professor R. Hunt "Bartleson on colour constancy" above. the bottom one. Dr. Anya Hurlbert "Computational models of colour constancy: predictions and The first group of subjects showed tests". (Bartleson Prize Lecture) very interesting results. At 25 feet there Dr. P. Whittle "Some new measurements of contrast colours" is clear evidence that all subjects placed Miss Alex Shepherd "Should chromatic induction be considered as an error of the the red target from one foot to several visual system's attempt to achieve colour constancy?" feet in front of the blue and gray targets. Professor D. Foster "Robust colour constancy" This was expected. However, at 35 feet Mr. M. Bains and Dr. J .E. Saunders "A quantitative approach to colour constancy: and 45 feet, spatial discrimination I-Inmvidual differences" definitely drops off when related to Professor J. L. Barbur, Dr. P.M. Forsyth and C. Williams "A quantitative approach to wann and cool hues. Most subjects were colour constancy: ll-Mechanisms and models" less certain about the placement of the upper targeL It is assumed that spatial For registration and further details, contact Dr. J. Taylor, Honorary Secretary, The discrimination related to hue drops off Colour Group, The National Physical Laboratory, Queens Road, Teddington Middy significantly beyond 25 feet. 1W11 OLW United Kingdom ISCC NEWS NO. 334 8 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991

AIC ANNOUNCES COLOUR 93 Lectures:

The 7th Congress. of the International Colour Internationally recognized experts on the most important Association - Colour 93 - will be held at the subjects have been invited to deliver lectures of 40 minutes Technical University of Budapest June 14-18, d~n. In two parallel sessions there will be about 70-80 1993. contributed papers of 20 minutes each. Posters will be displayed over an area of about 200 square The Congre~ is being organized by meters. Ample time will be guaranteed for the oral explanation the Hungarian National Colour and discussion of posters. Committee at the request of the AIC 6 fifty minute forums will be held to discuss the current Executive Committee and in problems of each subject group. accordance with the decision of the AIC AIC general meeting. Exhibitions:

Conference- subjects: The subjects .of the AIC work-groups, such as colour systems, the fields of colour design and education will be Coloured vision and the appearance of colours, adaptation displayed at study exhibitions. of colours, colour conttast, irradiation, invariance of colours, It will be possible to exhibit insttuments, paints, colour colour memory. design equipment and books for commercial purposes. Colorimetry, colour standardization, colour difference, It is hoped that other exhibitions will be held in conjunction fluorescence, colorimeters. with colours, e.g. art and architecture. As well, preliminary Colour order systems, analysis of historical and plans are in place to hold other conferences, such as CIE contemporary colour systems, ttansfonnation between colour Division 1 and Division 2, International Fashion Show, systems, printed and electronic collections. International Conference on Ecology and International Research into colour dynamics, colour preference, colour Conference of Colour Designers. association, colour physiology, colour psychology, theories in colour hannony, colour and function, colour and lighting, The Official language of the Conference is English, and no colour and space. translation service is planned. Application of colours in industry, colour reproduction, colour matc~g, ·colour TV, questions of colour identity of A number of social programs are planned in and around printed samples. Budapest Budapest is the political, cultural, industrial and Colour design; colour fonnation of institutions for different educational capital of Hungary, with over 2 million inhabitants. functions, townscape, monuments, industrial and individual Within its' area of 326 square kilometers, are the river Danube, objects; colours in arts. Computer aided colour design. Basic, wooded hills and a pleasant combination of "old and new". intermediate and advanced education of colours. Graduate and postg(aduate ttaining. Teaching aid For further information on exhibitions, papers, etc., please contact: Contributed Papers: General Chairman, Prof. Antal Nemcsics. May deal with an aspect of the science, art and technology Co-chairman, Dr. Janos Schanda of colour. They must be. submitted to the Chairman (see below) Congress Office with 3 copies of an extended abstract of not more than 2 A4 Technical University of Budapest pages (Including figures) by August 1992. Conference Office, Building Z, Room 101/b The abstract, which will be published in the Proceedings, H-1521 Budapest, Muegyetem, rkp. 3-9. must be patterned following the guides which will be provided Telephone and FAX number is: (36-1) 185-2218 to each contributor. Papers will be accepted in English, French or Gennan. The Deadline for forms submission is March ~ preferred language is English. 1992 The International Papers Committee will decide on the final selection of the papers. Authors will be informed of acceptance Mote infonnation on the social programs, accommodations, of their contribution by November I, 1992. general registration and more will be forthcoming. ISCC NEWS NO. 334 9 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991

that the future revolved aroWld spectral measurements and that REPORT ON THE 22ND :~t present the measurement community has yet to achieve acceptable precision and accuracy. Certainly the National SESSION OF THE CIE Institute of Standards and Technology (NIS1) has adopted the Melbourne, Australia philosophy of spectral based measurements. The measurement July 2-11, 1991 community is looking forward to improvement in total uncer­ tainty. The U.S. Council for Optical Radiation Measurements IIIII. I arrived in Melbourne by way of (CORM) recognizes this as a national priority. ... Sydney to attend the AIC interim Following the morning invited paper, a presented paper -It!. conference, Colo~ and L~ght '91. session followed where three divisions had concurrent sessions. r - There were many mteresting papers At the Division 2 session, A. Parr (NIST, USA) discussed the ~ and members of the Colour Society new international temperature scale. DUring the United States J of Australia were- very involved. Natio~ Committee of the CIE annual meeting, there was Once the CIE conference began, I was immersed in activities some concern that this would affect Planck's second radiation of Division I on vision and color and Division 2 on m~ure­ constant and as a consequence, alter the correlated color ment of light and radiation activities. (This report will be temperature of CIE illuminant A. It turned out that the second limited to my experiences within these two divisions.) W. constant will not be changed; therefore, illuminant A will Blevin (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research continue to have a correlated color temperature of 2856 K. Organisation, Austtalia) presented the first invited paper about There was some discussion about the definition of a standard the history and the future of photometry and radiometry. He illuminanL Given that illuminant A is defined by its specttal began with Euclid and his erroneous belief that vision went power distribution and not as a Planckian radiator of a specific outward to interact with objects; it was not a detector that color temperature, a change in tbe second constant was responded to incident flux. Blevin described the histOry of irrelevant relative to the spectral definition of illuminant A. photometry and radiometry touching on the important develop­ The second paper was presented by R. Stolyarevskaya ments such as the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, Planck's Law, (Reseaich Institute for Optical and Physical Measmements, thermoelectric radiometers, and blackbody sources. He stated USSR). She discussed new lamps for irradiance measurements

The March/April issue of ISCC News this year The leaders we have lost contained an article by our President Elect Colour: Art and Science referring to a booklet oy Dr. W. D. Wright. The Uvely times with computer graphics response was so good we are pleased to re-run A plea to Edwin Land that article, for diose of you who might have Colour harmony for the red-green blind missed it. Colorimetrists not wanted! A color palette in the brain? "Vision is awe inspiring" TWELVE "COLUMNS" ABOUT How to cope with a colour defect Hummingbirds and slugs COLOUR: A COLLECTION OF More coloured illustrations, please My Chinese "grand-student"! DR. W.O. WRIGHT'S This booklet is truly a treasure to be enjoyed by all those interested in color. Dr. Wright would like to share its PUBLICATIONS sentimental value with fellow ISCC members. If you wish to have a personal copy of this booklet to add to your color How many of you remember ·that delightful series entitled science litenture collection, please send your name and TALKING ABOUT COLOUR that Dr. Wright wrote for the address to: Color Research and Application journal between 1986 and Paula J. Alessi 1989? Dr. Wright has arranged with publishers John Wiley and Eastman Kodak Company Sons, Inc., for the private reprinting of the twelve-article 1700 Dewey Avenue collection that comprised the TALKING ABOUT COLOUR Rochester, New Yolk 14650-1925 series. The resUlt is a booklet entitled ''Twelve 'Columns' Arrangements will be made to have tbe booklet mailed to About Colour", which represents a memorial to Dr. Wright's your address. There are only· a limited number of these wife, Dorothy, whom he lost in March of 1990. Since the booklets available, so act now and don't miss this wonderful original articles did not have individual tides, Dr. Wright opportunity to embellish your personal color science literature accepted the personal challenge to dub the following tides: collection. Paula J. Alessi ISCC NEWS NO. 334 10 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991

CIE 22nd Session colorimetric characterization service was used to characterize the transfer (can't from page 9) where they will measure the function between digital counts and and the development of a liquid filter to chromaticities and luminance of a monitor tristimulus values. They found yield detectors with photopic display using a scanning this approach better than the models responsivities. Liquid filters in the specbOradiometer that measures in they tested. Unfortunately, they did not 1990's struck me as rather odd. I synchronization with the refresh rate of test the model described by Berns. 111f~Y thought I went back in time to the the video generator. Various properties compared the display accuracy of 1920's when Davis and Gibson devel­ of the spectroradiometer were discussed several monitors of the same oped sources B and C. It certainly went in order to accurately measure the manufacturer. However, it wasn't clear against the statements of Dr. Blevin phosphor chromaticities. The that they all had the identical seblp where the future belongs to spectral presentation concluded by a discussion before their comparison. Luo concluded measurements. about the use of a colorimeter as a with several interesting images showing After a quick coffee break held in the transfer device to insure that the display a variety of human interface color middle of Dluminex, a lighting would have the same chromaticities and palettes using Munsell, NCS, and exhibition and extravaganza, concurrent lwninanc::e at the customer's laboratory CIELAB. presented poster sessions followed. compared to NPL's facility. This was The last talk was given by S. Unfortunately, the fonnat for these necessary because of magnetic field Kokoschka (Technical University of sessions was such that five eight-minute differences between the two Karlsruhe, Germany). They performed a papers were hastily presented and in laboratories. In my 9pinion, this practice visual experiment to judge large color most instances, insufficient time could give erroneous results because the differences in order to assess the remained for meaningful discussion. On video generator used at NPL will likely accuracy of CIELUV. They found, in the first day, I attended the Division 2 have different voltages for its black and similar fashion to most color difference session. I enjoyed them all: J. Gardner, white levels than the customer's video experiments using surface colors, that Radiometric/photometric standards, generator although both conform to uniformity was improved by (Commonwealth Scientific and standard voltage tolerances. In my compressing the calculated color Industrial Research Organisation, experience, different manufacturers of difference at a rate proportional to the Australia); T. Goodman, The computer graphics board each will have chroma of the standard. Following the establishment of a new national scale of a· different transfer function between presentations, a discussion followed spectml total flux (National Physical digital counts and voltage. For this where metrology and display setup were Laboratory, United Kingdom); J. Bastie, reason, colorimetric characterization is the main issues. Luminous flux measurement with a performed for a display and computer The workshop was concluded with an goniophotometer; study of the time combination. It is possible to use the open TC 2-26 meeting chaired by R. effects on data collection (INM/CNAM, spectroradiometric measurements to Berns. He reviewed the scope and France); and Y .. Qhno, One step self­ calibrate the colorimeter to improve itS objectives of the committee and showed calibration method using white light for accuracy in measuring phosphor data comparing spectroradiometer and high-accuracy photometric standards chromaticities. colorimeter accuracy iri measuring the (Matsushita Electric, Japan). The next talk was by R. Berns chromaticities of CRT phosphors. Two Following lunch there was an hour (Rochester Institute of Technology, important points were made during the and fifteen minutes for the poster display USA) where he described the meeting: 1) a guide written by TC 2-16, where participants could view the poster colorimetric characterization techniques Characterization of the Performance of papers and discuss the papers with the used at the RIT Munsell Color Science Tristimulus Colorimeters, is desperately authors. This session followed lunch Laboratory. They use an analytical needed and 2) chromatic transfer each day. I found these sessions very model where digital counts are related to standards to verify the accuracy of useful giving me a chance to discuss the monitor tJ;istimulus values with gamma, colorimeters and spectroradiometers are papers in greater depth than the gain, and offset model parameters. also needed. presented poster sessions. Monitor tristimulus values are related to Thursday began with the invited The day concluded with a workshop. CIE tristimulus by the usual linear paper by D. Krizek (USDA Climate The workshop on colorimetry and transformation matrix. Gharacterization Sttess Laboratory, USA) on lighting photometry of electronic visual displays accuracy was close to display and requirements for space travel. NASA chaired by Jay Rennilson. It began with measurement uncertainty with five gray­ and USDA are sponsoring many a papers session consisting of four scale measiuements and individual experiments to evaluate the quality and speakers, all of whom were presenting measurements of each phosphor type. quantity of illumination neteSSary to posters or poster papers during the M. Luo (LUTCID Research Centre, grow food optimally where there are session. J. Venill (National Physical United Kingdom) presented their space limitations. I found the talk Laboratory, United Kingdom) described method of colorimebic characterization. interesting; it was a topic new to me. their recent development of a CRT Rather than a model, a look-up-table This talk appealed to many people with ISCC NEWS NO. 334 11 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991 a lively question and answer session. I attended the Division 3 presented paper session where C. Benton (Univer­ US NATIONAL COMMITTEE sity of California at Berkeley, USA) presented how an office building was OF THE CIE (USNC/CIE) designed to maximize the amount of natural daylight, minimize energy The USNC/CIE members have elected the following officers for consumption, and maintain minimum the term 1991 to 1995: illuminance requirements. A. Slater Klaus Mielenz as President, Alan Lewis as Vice President, Jack Hsia as (Building Research Establishment, Secretary, and Herbert Odie as Treasurer. Thomas Lemons has been elected United Kingdo~) followed with an Executive Committee member at large for the term 1991 to 1994. experiment where observers judged the acceptability of different illuminance The CIE Executive Committee announces the following officers levels between work stations (desks, not elected for the next quadrennium: CRT displays). Aldworth (GB) president; Lofberg (SE), vice president-technical; Julian (AU), The Division 1 presented poster vice president-publications; Chahparunians (SU), Narisada (JP), and Kaufman, session had five papers. T. Seim vice presidents without portfolio; Scott (GB), treasurer, and Bastie (FR), secretary. (University of Oslo, Norway) presented The division directors appointed for the next quadrennium are: Division 1 -Ikeda an interesting paper where image (JP), Division 2 -Hengstberger (SA), Division 3 - Chauvel {FR), Division 4- blurring was simulated using a CRT Holmes (GB), Division 5 -van Bommell (NL), Division 6 - Sliney (US), Division display and etched glass in order to .7 Seidl (DE). improve the visibility of signage for elderly observers. G. Yang (Tongji University, PRC) descnl>ed the effects (Osaka Electro-Communication Comparisons where experimental of luminance ~son visual University, Japan). He reviewed the designs are being recommended for capabilities. M. Sivik (University of study and measurement of chromatic studying color appearance under Michigan, USA) discussed an adaptation and color appeara.-1ce. The different luminance levels and different experiment measuring discomfort glare. paper was very well done. He explained chromaticities for the adapting fields. H. R. Luo (LUTCIH Research Centre, differences between brightness, Yaguchi (Chiba University, Japan) United Kingdom) gave an abbreviated lightness, whiteness, and blackness; and discussed the variation in inter-observer repeat of the paper he presented in the chroma, saturation, and colorfulness. heterochromatic brightness matching CRT workshop. P. Dehoff (Zumtobel The classic experiments by Stevens, results. Using principal component Leuchten, Austtia) .concluded the Hurvich and Jameson, and Hunt were analysis he found that two eigenvectors session with a paper describing the use described and their importance in terms accounted for most of the variance. of computer graphics for lighting and of modeling how the visual system These eigenvectors could be related to environmental design. He found that the perceives the color appearance of object the two opponent channels. It was dramatic difference between the range colors. The accompanying proceedings interesting to see techniques used to of real scene luminances and CRT article will be very useful. This subject define CIE daylight applied to other luminances are not well accounted for area has a ttemendous literary history. areas of interest within the CIE. by a linear mapping; a logarithmic Nayatani's paper provided an excellent The Division 1 presented poster compression was required. He attempted resource of this history; 51 references session opened with W. Adrian to account for interrefl~tions between are cited. (University of Waterloo, Canada) who objects and shadows to improve the A Division 1 presented paper session presented a paper on transient adaption realism. To me, the paper pointed out followed where the CIE president, H. process, a model to predict its effects on the problems of not doing a careful Bodmann (Technical University of vision. The paper was presented in a literature search before proceeding with Karlsruhe, Gennany) presented the mannez that defied comprehension. L. an experiment Many of the problems results of an experiment where conuast Mori (Suga Weathering Technology Dehoff described and his solutions have thresholds were measured at transient Foundation, Japan) described a very all been addressed in the photographic adaptation. He found that the visual comprehensive visual experiment testing sciences and in remote sensing quite system adapts faster with an increase in the CIE proposed chromatic adaptation some time ago. Several of the papers luminance than a decrease and that the fonnula. The experiment was conducted presented at this session were peripheral regions adapt faster than the by a research committee within the disappointing. Clearly, they did not fovea. These results may be important to Color Science Association of Japan. represent state-of-the-art. the work of TC 1-27 Specification of Haploscopic matching was performed The last day of the conference began Colour Appearance for Reflective Media using Munsell samples. The effects of with the invited paper by Y. Nayatani and Self-Luminous Display adapting chromaticity and illuminance ISCC NEWS NO. 334 12 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991 CIE 22nd Session (con't from page 11) NEWS FROM MEMBER BODIES were studied. The committee is recom­ mending adoption of the CIE method SOCIETY FOR Datacolor International, Color based on their experimental results. In Reproduction, chaired by Gary SK. my opinion, the results were inconclu­ INFORMATION Starkweather of Apple Computer, and sive. In particular, the observers did not Color Coding and Color Perception perceive the Helson-Judd effect for DISP.LAY (SID) Chaired by James Larimer of NASA white light illumination. I look forward Ames and Louis D. Silverstein of VCD to a more comprehensive article describing this important experiment R. Final Call For Papers Sciences. Berns (Rochester Institute of Technol­ Authors should submit your double­ ogy, USA) presented the results of The Soci~ty for spaced typewritten absttact and ongoing color-difference research where Information Sympo­ technical summary on one side of 8.5 by automotive coatings were evaluated by a SI D sium, Seminar and 11-inch of A4-sized pages using the Exhibition (SID'92) large number of observers. The resulting following format: page 1 paper title and is being held at the Hynes Convention database has been used to evaluate the abstract (35-50 words). Pages 2-7 underlying differences and similarities Center, Boston, Massachusetts, May 17- maximum technical summary covering between this dataset and the CMC and 22, 1992. This is the final call for objective and background, results, BFD datasets. J. Roofs (Institute for papers. Broad areas of the Topical impact, reference$, prior publications. Perception Research) presented recent Sessions include Large-Area Displays, There are a limited number of ttavel developments in the measurement and LC Technology, Non-Emissive Dis­ grants up to $1000 each for student prediction of brightness-luminance plays, Emissive Displays, Display a~thors of accepted papers. The deadline relationships. The research was reminis­ Systems, CRT Displays, Display for receipt is November 15, 1991. Send cent of the Bartleson and Brenemen Manufacturlng, Display Measurement, one reproducible copy of the abstract research of the 1950's and 1960's. T. Printing, Image Processing, Applied and technical summary to: Terri Takeuchi (Matsushita Electric Industrial Vision, and Hwnan Factors. Lichtenstein (SID '92) Asst Conference Company, Japan) concluded the session Three sessions that would be of Coordinator, Palisades Institute for describing a new measuring device that particular interest to -ISCC members are Research Services, 201 Varick St., Suite measures brightness of an object in Device Calibration for Color 1140, New York, New York 10014, relation to the object's surrounding WYSIWYG, chaired by Danny Rich of (212) 620-3375 or FAX (212) 620-3379. lwninance. An ·example was given where a person with the same measured lwninance will be perceived as dark or bright depending on whether the Institute, USA). Many of these scientists United States, and Division 7: M. Seidl, surround has a higher or lower lumi­ were testing their models with a Gennany. nance. The insb'Ument apparently common data base of visual experi­ I attended Division 1 and 2 sessions. measures seveml scene elements to ments. I found the worlcshop very Each TC ·was reviewed. In Division 2, correctly calculate the perceived informative and intriguing. Our labora­ several of the TC's were alanningly brightness of the person in these tory has recently become interested in inactive. Due to a conflict in my complex lighting situations. heterochro~J~atic lightness matching schedule (a Division 1 TC meeting), I The technical sessions concluded under photopic vision. This session was did not hear the outcome of this with a workshop about new photometric one of the conference"highlights. problem. This problem seems related to systems based on heterochromatic Following the conference, there was the communication problems between brightness matching at photopic, a weekend of CIE planned sightseeing the CIE council, division directors, and mesopic, and scotopic levels of and technical committee meetings. On TC chairmen. In Division 1 within the illumination. The session was chaired by Monday, division meetings began. At color subdivision, three new TC's were M. Ikeda (Kyoto University, Japan), the opening session, it was announced fonneci. The first will write a technical Division 1 chairman, and K. Sagawa that the 23rd Session will be held in report descnbing the chromatic (Industrial Products Research Institute, New Delhi, India. Also, the following adaptation transformation previously Japan). All the leading experts in the persons were elected as division proposed for field trial (CIE Jomnal, field in attendance presented recent directors: Division 1: M. Ikeda, Japan 1986). Because the CIE jomnal was not visual results. There were short talks by Division 2: F. Hengstberger, South widely disseminated, a technical report Sagawa, Yaguchi, Nakano (Tokyo Africa, Division 3: P. Chauvel, France, describing the accomplishments of TC Institute, Japan), Kokoschka, and Division 4: R. Holmes, Great Britain, 1-06 Chromatic Adaptation seems Howard (University of Dayton Research Division 5: W. van Bommel, appropriate. This TC will be chaired by Netherlands, Division 6: D. Sliney, ISCC NEWS NO. 334 13 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991

Venice as on-site managers of the new GEMOLOGICAL facility. AMERICAN A first edition and two new editions INSTITUTE OF of standard gemological texts are now ASSOCIATION OF available from the FIA Bookstore. AMERICA (GIA) Gemology, by Peter G. Read, is a TEXTILE CHEMISTS follow-up to the authors Beginner's News from the Guide to Gemology. A general reference AND COLORISTS GIA includes an on the latest techniques and (AATCC) G IA . announcement of instrumentation used to identify natural classes and and synthetic gem materials, it is seminars through 1992, establishment of designed as a study supplement for TheAATCC a new facility in Vicenza, new books students ofthe Gemological Association sponsored available in the GIA library. of Great Britain. Similarly titled several color­ Week-long classes are scheduled for Gemology, by Cornelius S. Hurlbut, Jr. related activities Eastern U. S. cities through out 1992. and Robert C. Cammeriling, is the this fall. The The classes have no prerequisites. They revised second edition of the classic International include topics such as GIA's Diamond resource, updated to include new Conference and Exhibition in Charlotte, Grading System to evaluate color, material on imitation gems, gemstone North Carolina featured a session of clarity, and cut, basic instrumentation enhancements, newly identified gem technical papers O!l color science topics. and testing procedures for identifying materials and advances in equipment. The session consisted of the following natural, synthetic, imitation, and treated Gem Testing, the late Basil Anderson's papers "Review and Comparison of stones, evaluation of color, clarity, and practical manual for jewelers, has been Color Vision Screening Tests for cut of colored gemstones, etc. For more revised by E.A. Jobbins for a lOth Normal Observers", by Louis A. information, call (800) 421-7250, ext edition that describes many new Graham, Lou Graham & Associates; 227 or write the GIA Registrar, Dept synthetics and has a special "Color Consistency and Practical PRO!, P. 0 . Box 2110, Santa Monica, concentration on the heat treatment of Aspects of Shade Sorting using CCC" CA 90407-2110, FAX (213) 828-6589. sapphires and rubies. to order these by Dan R. Teel, Tanner Co.; "Continu­ In August 1991, GIA announced its books or request a free catalog of all ous Color Monitoring and Control" by intention to open a facility in Vicenza, titles in stock, write the GIA Bookstore, Robert Willis, Shelyn, and "Color Italy to serve the European gem and Dept. PR04, P. 0. Box 2052, Santa Communication in the 90's" by R. jewelry trade. The facility is expected to Monica, California 90406-2052, or call McDonald, J &P Coates Ltd. be operational as early as 1992. GIA has (800)421-7250ext. 703. AATCC Workshop on Color named Mr. & Mrs. Frederick Stocco of Measurement Principles and the Textile Industry was scheduled for October 24~ 25, 1991 in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Finally Research Committee RA36 will meet on Tuesday November 19, Y. Nayatani. The second TC will study to color rendering. This TC will be 1991 at the Doral Inn in New York City. indices for evalu;uing color rendering chaired by M. Fairchild (Rochester The agenda will include recent letter properties of light sources based on a Institute of Technology, USA). ballot of the new Nine-Step Chromatic color appearance model. In some ways, In conclusion, the CIE conference Transference Scale, revisions to Method this is a continuation of TC 1-13 Color overall was a success. I had many 153, and other topics. Appearance Analysis. Attendees felt it interesting discussions, learned new would be more effective to start "fresh." things, heard some excellent papers, and RENEWAL OF A This TC will be chaired by W. Walter renewed friendships. (GTE Electrical Products, USA). The RQyS. Berns PREVIOUS MEMBER final new TC will investigate the Acknowledgments: performance of models on their ability Partial travel support to attend the BODY to predict the color ~ppearance of CIE 22nd Session was generously surface colors in simple and complex provided by the United States National We would like to take this brief opportu­ scenes under various illumination Committee of the CIE (USNC). Their nity to welcome back to ISCC, The conditions. This is the next step support is greatly appreciated. This Society of Plastics Engineers, Color and following TC 1-06 and is also a report is an abbreviated version ofa Appearance Division. continuation of TC 1-13 but not limited report prepared for the USNC. WECO ME BACK! We'vemissed you! ISCC NEWS NO. 334 14 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991

13, 1991, IS&T conducted its Second THE SOCIETY FOR Symposium on Electroriic Prepress TECHNICAL Technology and Color Proofing. This IMAGING SCIENCE year's theme was ''Imaging in a Global ASSOCIATION OF Environment." A total of 90 papers, & TECHNOLOGY covering topics ranging from electtonic THE GRAPHIC ARTS pagination systems to environmental (IS& T) challenges were presented. In addition (TAGA) there were five tutorials and 15 poster IS&Tisan presentations. The keynote address was The Technical international given by W. Ed Tyler, group president Association of the &J non-profit of the Documentation Service Group at Graphic Arts IS (TAGA), founded society whose R. R. Donnelley & sons. goal is to keep members aware of the "Imaging '92" will be held at the in 1948, is an latest scientific and technological Meadowlands Sheraton Hotel, East association developments in the field of imaging Rutherford, New Jersey, on May 10-15, dedicated to through conferences, journals and other 1992. The centtal theme of this reseaiCh in science publications. IS&T focuses on imaging conference will be Emerging and technology in in all its aspects, with particular empha­ Technologies for the year 2000. graphic arts. T AGA joined ISCC & has sis on silver halide, non-impact printing, Emphasizing this theme the key been a member-body since 1951. electronic imaging, photofinishing, representatives of various segments of The mission of TAGA is to provide a image preservation, pre-press technolo­ the imaging industry will explain first­ world-wide forum for sharing and gies and hybrid imaging systems. hand what they foresee as their imaging disseminating theoretical, functional, The Society currently has 2500 needs, extrapolated to the year 2000 and and practical infonnation on emerging members in 27 countries. It has 14 the technological developments needed technologies for graphic arts print chapters. It publishes the Journal of to fill them. A limited number of table production and related processes. Other Imaging Science and the Journal of top exhibits will be included. For fwther than sponsoring conferences, publishing Imaging Technology. From four to six information on exhibiting contact proceedings, T AGA is instrumental in conferences are conducted each year on Exhibit Chair Ms. Julie Tamura, Esselte sponsoring student activities such as selected topics involving imaging Letmset, 40 Eisenhower Drive, student chapters on campus and technology. Paramus, NJ 07653, (201) 845-6100, graduate fellowships. Following Print '91 September 11 - FAX (201) 845-4708. The T AGA membership currently exceeds 1,200 with about 750 from the USA and 250 being from outside the USA. The rest are made up of student Arts at Rochester Instiwte of members and senior/retired members. In GATF Technology, is just one of many new addition, there are over 30 corporate feawres. members who support TAGA goals and ISCC Member Body GATF Among the other special feablres are objectives. The majority of members are Offers New Five Day Color hands-on laboratory sessions on using graphic arts research scientists, technical Process Control Workshop automated insttuments interfaced to support personnel, production personal computers, color measurement professionals, and quality control stations, and scanning densitometers; personnel. raw materials testing; color theory; and This year's TAGA annual Technical scanning and proofing. Conference was held in Rochester, New ~~tlj~ConsiS- "The program will present the best York from May 5-8, 1991. Over 250 tent steps to establish better conttol and graphic arts professionals hear fonnal Color Quality is a newly revamped five­ predictability of printing processes and presentations, attended tutorials and day workshop from the Graphic Arts use of measurement techniques for workshops, and discussed issues and Technical Foundation (GAlF). The first process control," said Richard D. trends with peers from around the world. program is scheduled for February 17- Warner, Director of GATF research. ISCC and TAGA will co-sponsor a 21, 1992. For more information contacc conference on "Comparison of Color The addition of statistical process GATF Images Presented in Different Media" control presentations by Professor John 4615 Forbes Ave. February 23-26, 1992 in Williamsburg, Compton, director of the Laboratory for Pittsburgh, PA 15213 VA. According to Milton Pearson, Quality and Productivity in the Graphic Telephone 412-621-6941 Conference Chairman, there will be a INTER-SOCIETY COLOR COUNCIL APPLICATION FOR INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP

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ISCC dues are shown on the reverse side. Applications for membership dared prior to July 1 should be accompanied by full annual dues; those dated July 1 and later should be accompanied by 50% of mnual dues. You have the option of subscribing to Color Research & Application at special membership rares. H you wish to do so, please add $60.00 (US) or $90.00 (overseas) to the amount of your check. This application and remittance should be sent to Ms. Ann C. Laidlaw, Membership Committee, c/o SheLyn, Inc., 1108 Grecade Street, Greensboro, NC 27408

Telephone: (919) 274-1963 EXCERPT FROM THE BY-LAWS OF THE INTER-SOCIETY COLOR COUNCIL, INC. Constitution, Article II -Aims and Purposes The Council shall operate solely and exclusively as a non-profit organization with the aims and purposes:

A. To stimulate and coordinate the work being done by the various members leading to the description and specification of color by these members. B. To promote the practical application of this work to the color problems arising in science, art, and industry, for the benefit of the public at large. c. To promote communications between technically oriented specialists in color and creative workers in art, design, and educa­ tion, so as to facilitate more effective use of color by the public through dissemination of information about color in both scientific and artistic applications. D. To promote educational activities and the interchange of ideas on the subject of color and appearance among its members and the public generally. E. To cooperate with other organizations, both public and private, to accomplish these objectives for the direct and indirect enjoyment and benefit of the public at large.

Council Activities The ISCC is the principal professional society on the field of color in the United States, encompassing the arts, sciences and industty, pursuant to the Aims and Purposes described above. Other national organizations with an interest in color are Member­ Bodies of the Council and appoint delegations to participate in the Council's work. Individual members are the largest single group. The Annual Meeting, usually held in April, includes meetings of the Project Committees and sessions of four Interest Group: Measurement & Colorimetry; Vision & Color Appearance: Art, Design & Psychology; and Color Education. There is also a main program devoted to a specific aspect of color plus a Post:er Paper session. Joint programs with one of the Council's Member-Bodies are interesting and educational.

In most years there is a separate topical Williamsburg Conference, often in February, where a single color subject is explored in depth with participants from all over the world providing state-of-the art information. Attendance at these conferences is usually smaller than at Annual Meetings, reflecting their topical nature and permitting interaction between speakers and participants.

The ISCC is the U.S. Member of the Association Internationale de Ia Coulour (AIC), which holds general meetings quadrennially and topical meetings annually. Color Research & Application, published bimonthly in English, is the principal international journal in this field; it is endorsed by ISCC. It reports recent research and opinions of colorists, review books and reports on national and international color m~ngs. Membership in ISCC permits subscription at more than a 50% discount The ISCC News, a bimonthly newsletter, reports the color activities of the Council, its members, Member-Bodies and international color organizations. Members receive the ISCC News at no cost Member-Bodies and Sustaining Members receive 10 copies of the ISCCNews.

Categories of Membership Annual Dues Individual Member. Any person interested in color and $25.00 desirous of participating in the activities of the Council. Student Member. Full time students. $10.00 Member-Body. Any non-profit national organization interested in color and desirous of participating in the activities of the Council. $100.00 Sustaining Member. Any organization not eligible as a Member-Body, or any individual, interested in color and wishing to support the work of the Council. Receives 10 copies of ISCC News. $250.00 Retired. Treasurer must be notified, in writing, of retirement before dues have been billed. $10.00 Ubrary Subscriptions. Receives all ISCC mailings, including ISCC News. $40.00 Overseas Member. A surcharge of $15 is added to $25 dues to cover additional mailing costs. $40.00 ISCC NEWS NO. 334 17 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991

for judging related colors, those colors seen in the context of COLOR RESEARCH AND other colors or a background. LighUless is supposed to be a function of the luminance of the object in question and the APPLICATION corresponding measure of the reference white. However it has long been known that equi-luminance lights of different In This Issue, December 1991 chromaticities appear different in brighbless, the Helmholtz­ Kohlrausch effect Since L * depends only on luminance factor, One hwulred years ago, Hennann von Helmholtz published the it is not a good correlate for the lighbless attribute when first of two papers on the line element for color discrimination. comparing colors of different hue and chroma. Mark D. The second followed the next year. These were his last Fairchild and Elizabeth Pirroua suggest a metric of perceived contributions to visual science. In the centennial year of that lightness of object colors, L**, in "Predicting the LighblesS of work and on the occasion of the reception of the Deane B. Judd Chromatic Object Colors Using CIELAB". L ** predicts AIC Award, J J. Vos and PL. Walraven go "Back to perceived lighbless to within the inter-observer variability and Helmholtz." In this article they examine Helmholtz's ideas on provides a simple, practical measure of the lighbless attribute. higher color mebics, how much of his theory still stands and In the too rarely appearing column, Industrial Notes, JOY what has been added, and what were the consequences for TURNER LUKE describes and reviews the Munsell Book of color vision theory in general. Color, Nearly Neutrals Collection. In order to give some This issue contains a three articles relating to perspective on the collection she compares it to the Colorcmve insttumentation for colorimetty. Each deals with a different Gray & Pastel Atlas. This issue concludes with the fiiSt annual topic: random errors, design of diffuse illuminators, and types index. We hope that the readeiS find the annual index an of sources for color measuring insttuments. In the first article improvement over the five year indices which were published "Propagation of Random Errors in Spectrophotometric in the last issue of volumes 5, 10 and 15. Colorimetty", Mark D. Fairchild and Lisa Reniff review the propagation of errors in spectrophotometric colorimetty and provide examples of the level of uncertainty in typical colorimetric measurements due to random errors introduced by standards and calibration. The second article seeks to help all those diligent colorists who search for the proper source, angle of illumination, and surrounding condition~ so that their judgments may represent the appearance and color of the specimen rather than the variations in the light source. In ''Efficient Unifonn illuminatoiS Using Diffusing Optics" William H. Venable provides a systematic, practical approach to designing devices which supply predictable unifonn illumination to support accurate measurement or visual evaluation of appearance. The third article on instrumentation, a companion to Venable's article on designing illuminators, compares a diffusing optics source and a lamp imaging source. In ''The Efficiency· and Uniformity Comparisons Between a Diffusing Optics Source and A Lamp Imaging Source", John Spadaro estimates the relative efficiencies of the sources, the sources of error, and the color difference between the combinations of areas for both sources. Lightness has long been accepted as an important parameter

TAGA full program with invited and contributed papers to address such topics as color space transfonnations, ambient conditions, viewing geometry, surface properties, and adaptation. A program brochure with registration fonn will be mailed to ISCC and TAGA memberships sometime in October. The next year's TAGA conference will be in Vancouver, British Columbia on April 5-8, 1992. For more information contact the TAGA office at (716) 272-0557. ISCC NEWS NO. 334 18 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991

TAGA ANNUAL CONFERENCE, Apr. 5-8 CALENDAR Technical Association of the Graphic Arts Annual Technical Conference, Westin Bay Shore Hotel, Vancouver, British Please send information on Member Body and other Columbia. Information: Karen Lawrence (716) 272-0557. organization meetings involving color with dates, places, and information source to: · ISO MEETING, Apr. 6-11 Harry K. Hammond, Ill International Standards Organizatiop Meeting, Paris FraJlce. BYK-Gardner, Inc. Information: Bill Martin, (919) 549-8141. 2435 Linden Lane Silver Spring, MD 20910 COLOR MEASUREMENT FOR THE TEXTILE INDUS­ TRY, Apr. 28-29 (301) 495-7150 FAX (301) 585-4067 Clemson University, Professional Development, Color Mea­ surement for the Textile Industry, Hyatt Regency, Greenville, South Carolina Information: Kay James, (803) 656-2200. IS&T IMAGING '92, May 10-15 1992 The Society for Imaging Science & Technology 45th Annual Conference, The· Meadowlands Sheraton, East Rutherford, ASTM COMMITTEE D-1 ON PAINT, Jan. 19-22 New Jersey. Information: (703) 642-9090. Embassy Suites Hotel, Ft Lauderdale South, Florida. Informa­ tion: Scott Orthey, (215) 299-5507. AATCC SPRING MEETING, May 19-20 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, ASTM COMMITTEE E-12 ON APPEARANCE, AATCC Technical Center, Research Triangle Park, North Jan. 20-23 Carolina Information: Jerry Tew, (919) 549-8141. Embassy Suites Hotel, Ft Lauderdale South, Florida. Informa­ tion: Bode Buckley, (215) 299-5599. SID '92,May 17-22 Society for Information Display International Symposium ADVANCES IN COLOR VISION, Jan. 30-Feb. 1 Seminar and Exhibition, Haynes Convention Center, Boston, Optical Society of America Topical Meeting on Advances in Massachusetts. Information: Paul M. Alt, (914) 945-2437. Color Vision, Irvine, California. Information: (202) 462-6272. CORM ANNUAL MEETING, May 19-20 SPSFJSPIE SYMPOSIUM, Feb. 9-14 NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland. Information: Albert Parr, Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, The San Jose (301)-975-3739. Convention Center, San Jose, California. Information: Khe Nguyen, (408) 954-5486. ASTM COMMITTEE D-1 ON PAINT, Jun. 21-24 Marriott, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Information: Scott Orthey, IS&T ANNUAL MEETING, Feb. 10-15 (215) 299-5507. Society for Imaging Science and Technology, 45th Annual Conference, East Rutherford, New Jersey. Information: (703) INTERNATIONAL GEMOLOGICAL SYMPOSIUM, 642-9090. Jun. 20-24 Century Plaza Hotel, Los Angeles, California. Information: AATCC WINTER MEETING, Feb.11-13 (800) 421-7250, ext 211. American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, Hilton at· University Place, Charlotte, North Carolina. Informa­ ISCC ·ANNUAL MEETING, Jun. 21-24 tion: Jerry Tew, (919) 549-8141. Nassau Inn, Princeton, New Jersey. Information: Dr. Allan B. J. Rodrigues, (313) 583-8245. ISCC ·WILLIAMSBURG CONFERENCE, Feb. 23-26 "Comparison of Color Images Presented in Different Media" AIC INTERIM SYMPOSIUM, Jun. 23-24 cosponsored with TAGA, Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia Computer Colorant Formulation, Nassau Inn, Princeton, New Information: Milton Pearson, (716) 475-5290. Jersey. Information: Dr. Allan B. J. Rodrigues, (313) 583-8245. ASPRS/ACSM Annual Meeting & Convention, ASTM COMMITTEE E-12 ON APPEARANCE, Feb. 29-Mar. 5 Jun.24-26 American Society of Photogrametry and Remote Sensing Nassau Inn, Princeton, New Jersey. Information: Bode Buckley Annual Meeting, Albuquerque Convention Center, Albuquer­ (215) 299-5599. que, New Mexico. Information: Denise Cranwell (301) 493- IESNA ANNUAL CONFERENCE, Aug.l-6 0200. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 86th ASTM COMMITT~E D-20 ON PLASTICS, Mar. 8-12 Annual Conference, San Diego, California. Infonnation: Ashville, North Carolina Information: Katharine Schaff, (215) Valerie Landers, (212) 705-7269. 299-5529. ISCC NEWS NO, 334 19 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 1991

XVD ISPRS CONGRESS, Aug. 4-13 AATCC FALL MEETING, Nov.17-19 17th International Society of Photogrametry and Remote .American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, The Sensing Congress in conjunction with 27th International Dotal Inn, Hew York City, New York. Information: Jerry Tew, Geographic Congress and 1992 Global Change Conference, (919) 549-8141. Washington Convention Center, Washington, District of Columbia. lnfonnation: Judy Peesel (301) 493-0290. 1993 WWDU '92, Sep. 1-4 Third International Scientific Conference - Work With Display AsTM COMMI'ITEE D-20 ON PLASTICS, Mar.1-4 Units, International Conference Center, Bezlin, Gennany. Atlanta, Georgia. lnfonnation: Kadwine Schaff, (215) 299- Information: Dr. Ahmet Cakir, ERGONOMIC Institute Ltd., 5529. Soldauez Platz 3, D-1000 Berlin 19, German Federal Republic. Deadline for submission of abstract is Decembez 15, 1991. LUX EUROPA 1993, Apr. 4-7 Information: Tel: +49 30 302 10 50 Fax: +49 30 301 98 40 Cllarteml Institution of Building Services Engineers, Edinburgh, Scotland. Infonnation CffiSE, Delta House, 222 OSA- ANNUAL MEETING, Sep. 20-25 Balham High Rd., London SW12 9BS. ~tical Society of America Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Infonnation: Optical Society, (202) 223-8130. AIC-Colour 93, Jun.14-18 The 7th Congress of the International Colour Association, IMAGING THE FUTURE, Sep. 21-25 Technical University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. The Royal Photographic Society Science Committee Sympo­ Information: Prof. Antal Nemcsics, Technical University of sium on Imaging the Future, University of Cambridge, Budapest, Conference Office, Building Z, Room 101/b, H-1521 Englandlnfonnation: Dr. M. R. Pointer, Kodak Ltd., Research Budapest, Muegyetem rkp. 3-9 Hungary, phone and fax (36-1) i>iv. W-93, Harrow, Middlesex, HA14TY, England, tel. 44- 185-2218. 81-427-4380 or FAX 44-81-863-4798~ IESNA ANNUAL CONFERENCE, Aug. 8-12 AATCC ·CONFERENCE AND EXHIBmON, Od. 4-7 IDuminating Engineering Society of North America, 87th American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, Hyatt Annual Conference, Houston, Texas. Infonnation: Valerie Regency, Atlanta, Georgia. Infonnation: AATCC~ (919) 549- Landers, (212) 705-7269. .. 8141. AATCC ·CONFERENCE AND EXHIBmON, Oct. 3-6 USNC/CIE ANNUAL MEETING, Oct. 11-13 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, The United States National Committee of the CIE Annual Montteal, Quebec, Canada.lnfonnation: AATCC, (919) 549- Meeting, Embassy Suites Resort, Scottsdale, Arizona. Infonna­ 8141. tion: Dr. Ian Lewis (602) 991-9260, FAX (602) 991-0375. ASTM COMMI'ITEE D-20 ON PLASTICS, Nov. 15-18 FSCT, Oct. 21-23 Fort Worth, Texas. Infonnation: Kadwine Schaff, (215) 299- Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 70th Annual 5529. • Meeting and 57th Paint Indusbies Show, McConnick Place, Chicago, IDinois. Infonnation: (215) 545-1507. GIS/LIS Conference, Nov. 6-12 Geographic Infonnation Systems and Land Infonnation Systems Conference sponsored by the American Society of Photogrametry and Remote Sensing and several other organi­ zations, San Jose Convention Center, San Jose, California. Information: Denise Cranwell, (301) 493-0200. IS&T FlW SYMPOSIUM Ill, Nov. 8-13 The Society for Imaging Science & Technology, Maui Westin Hotel, Maui, Hawaii. lnfonnation: (703) 642-9090. ASTM COMMI'ITEE D-20 ON PLASTICS, Nov. 15-19 Miami, Florida. Infonnation: Katharine Schaff, (215) 299- 5529. OPTICON, Nov. 15-20 Optical Society of America OPI1CON '92, Boston, Massachuseus.Infonnation: Optical Society, (202) 223-8130. NEWSLETTER EDITOR Michael A. Hammel Send photo material (black and white if possible) to: Editor, ISCC News • 98 Grand View Drive • Fairport, NY 14450 • Tel. (716) 223-1823 If at all possible, please send all other materials ON DISKETIE as follows: MSDOS-ASCII, Q&A, Word Star, Word Perfect (5.25 .. -1.2 Meg, or 360K) (3.5tl-1.44 Meg, or 730K). Macintosh-Word, Macwrite, MS Works (3.5"-1.44 Meg, 800K, or400K) For hard copy transmission, FAX to (716) 425-2411. Or send to: Dr. Ellen Carter • 2509 N. Utah St. • Arlington, VA 22'1JJ7

Please note: the deadline for submission of material is the 1st of even numbered months.

OFFICERS 1990-1992 Position Name Address Telephone FAX President Mr. HughS. Fainnan Armorguard Products, Inc., P.O. Box 215, Andover, NJ 07821 (201) 786-6502 (201) 786-6399 President-Elect Miss Paula Alessi Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY 14650 (716) 477-7673 (716) 477-0127 Secretary Dr. Danny C. Rich Applied Color Systems, P.O Box 5800, Princeton, NJ 08540 (609) 924-2189, x208 (609) 895-7461 Treasurer Mr. Philip HWlter Hunterlab, 11491 SlUlSet Hills Rd, Reston, VA 22090 (703) 471-6870 (703) 471-4237 Past-President Mrs. Joy T. Luke Studio 231, Box 18, Route 1, Sperryville, VA 22740 (703) 987-8386 LIST OF DIRECTORS

1989-1992 Dr. Norman Burningham 357 True Hickory Dr., Rochester, NY 14615 (716) 477-7466 Mr. Richard W. Harold Hunterlab, 11491 StmSet Hills Rd, Reston, VA 22090 (703) 471-6870 (703) 471-4237 Prof. Evelyn Stephens Fashion lnstiblte of Technology, 227 W. 27th St., New York, NY 10001 (212) 760-7871

1990-1993 Ms. Ann Laidlaw Shelyn, Inc., 1108 Grecade St., Greensboro, NC 27408 (919) 274-1963 (919) 274-1971 Dr. Nancy Jo Howard Phil. Coli. of Textiles & Sci., Henry Av. & Schoolhouse Lane, Phila., PA 19144 (215) 951-2888 Dr. Romesh Kumar American Hoechst Corporation, 129 Quidnick St., Coventry, RI 02816 (401) 823-2161 (401) 823-2700

1991-1994 Dr. Joanne M. Taylor Tektronix, Inc., 17890 NW Deercreek Court, Portland, OR 97229-3060 (503) 627-4911 (503) 627-5502 Dr. Ellen Carter 2509 N. Utah St., Arlington, VA 22207 (703) 527-6003 Mrs. Magenta Yglesias lena International, 1827 23rd St. NW, Washington, DC 20008-4030 (202) 462-4944

ISCC MEMBER-BODIES American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) Graphic Arts Technical Foundation (GATF) American Chemical Society (ACS) The Human Factors Society American College of Prosthodontists (ACP) llluminating Engineering Society (IES) American Psychological Assaciation (AP A) National Artists Equity Association (NAEA) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) National Association of Printing Ink Manufacturers (NAPIM) American Society of Interior Designers (ASID) National Paint and Coatings Association, Inc. (NPCA) American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Optical Society of America (OSA) The Color Association of the United States, Inc. (CAUS) Society for Information Display (SID) Color Marketing Group (CMG) So.ciety of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) Detroit Colour Council (DCC) Society of Plastics Engineers, Color & Appearance Division Dry Color Manufacturers Association (DCMA) Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T) Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCf) Technical Association of the Graphic Arts (fAGA) Gemological Institute of America (GIA) Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) SUSTAINING MEMBERS Pantone Color Institute Fine Arts Deparbnent, Montclair State College Mr. Donald R. Hall