Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 9 (4), October 2010, pp. 664-667

Ethnoveterinary plants of district,

Gaurav Nigam* & Narendra Kumar Sharma Department of Botany, Institute of Basic Sciences, University, Jhansi 284 128, Uttar Pradesh E-mail: [email protected]

Received 2.07.2008; revised 06.05.2009

The paper describes 46 ethnoveterinary plants of Jhansi district of Uttar Pradesh. Plant species are reported along with plant parts and some local formulations used medicinally for the treatment of various animal diseases and disorders.

Keywords: Ethnoveterinary practice, Medicinal plants, Livestock, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh

IPC Int. Cl. 8: A61K36/00, A61P1/08, A61P1/10, A61P1/16, A61P11/00, A61P17/00, A61P17/08, A61P19/00, A61P27/0, A61P27/02 A61P29/00, A61P31/02

Livestock industry provides for a major source of ethnoveterinary aspect; hence the study was livelihood for many people worldwide, particularly undertaken. the rural poor in developing countries. Ill health is a major constraint to livestock production and Methodology development in rural and pre-urban communities, Frequent field trips were made to the different where a half of the world's livestock population is villages situated in the remote areas during found. Most of these communities live in marginal 2006-2007. The folklore medico-veterinary areas affected with endemic pathogens, vectors and information was collected through personal interviews diseases. These areas are not easily accessible to with vaidyas , hakims , sadhus , bhagats , tribals and modern veterinary services and people are less experienced old men 3-5. The identity of collected economically endowed albeit coping with enormous specimens was confirmed by matching two plants animal health problems. The role of ethnoveterinary with the flora of the region 6-8. The specimens are medicine in livestock development is beyond dispute. collected and are deposited in the Department of The potential effectiveness of the traditional animal Botany, Institute of Basic Sciences, Bundelkhand healthcare practices embodied in native and local University, Jhansi. communities has been recognised and documented 1. In ancient , animal treatment like Hasty Enumeration Ayurveda, Aswa Ayurveda, Ghora ntdana and other Plant species are enumerated by its Latin name, Nidanas was mostly confined to Ayurveda 2. In Jhansi followed by family, local names, folk uses are district, beside agriculture, animal husbandry is the described with the method of preparation and dosage. main occupation of the rural peoples. Goats, sheep, Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile (Mimosaceae), buffaloes, cows, camels and donkeys are the main Babool cattle of rural people in the region. The rural people Flower powder of Acacia nilotica mixed with water is have their own system of herbal veterinary medicines given orally to animal twice a day to cure jaundice. practiced since the ancient time. Jhansi district lies between 25° 27’ North latitude and 78° 35' East Aegle mormelos (L.) Corr. (Rutaceae), Bael longitude and about 275 m above sea level. However, Aegle mormelos pulp mixed with water is filtered; the district remains largely unexploited in respect of thereafter sore milk is added. The prepared product is ______applied twice a day to cure burn of effected body *Corresponding author parts of the animal. NIGAM & SHARMA: ETHNOVETERINARY PLANTS OF JHANSI 665

Allium cepa L. (Alliaceae), Piyaz Root bark powder of Buchnania latifolia with cow Bulb extract of plant is dropped into eyes of animal(s) milk is filtered and given to animal twice a day during twice a day to expel the insects from eyes. backbone fracture.

Allium sativum L. (Liliaceae), Lahson Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taubert (Fabaceae), Bulb of Allium cepa and seeds of Allium sativum are Dhak ground well and squashed and filtrate is dropped into A mixture of seed powder of Butea monosperma , salt nostrils twice a day to cure bronchitis. and water is given to animal twice a day for deworming. Aloe barbadense P. Mill. (Liliaceae), Ghikumari Aloe barbadense pulp mixed with sore milk and water Calotropis procera (Willd.) Dryand ex W. Ait. is applied twice a day to cure burns of the animal. (Asclepiadaceae), Akkaua Paste of Calotropis procera latex and Arachis Amaranthus viridis L. (Amaranthaceae), Chaulai hypogea seed oil mixed with red lead is rubbed on the Amaranthus viridis seeds mixed in water is given to tumour externally twice a day to cure tumour. animal twice a day to cure tympany. Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae), Bhang Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae), Sharifa Cannabis sativa leaf powder mixed with whey and Leaf paste of Annona squamosa mixed with lime is water is given to animal twice a day to cure loose applied on the wound and bandaged to cure foot motion. disease. Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae), Mirch Arachis hypogaea L. (Fabaceae), Mungphali Paste of Capsicum annuum fruits, Allium sativum Seed oil of Arachis hypogaea mixed with salt is given seeds, Piper nigrum seeds , Cuminum cyminum seeds twice a day in twitching of animal. and alum mixed water is given to animal twice a day Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae), Neem to cure the dullness in animals. Fresh leaves of Azadirachta indica and salt are Capsicum frutescens L. (Solanaceae), Lalmirch ground together and boiled in water; lukewarm Mixture of Capsicum frutescens fruit powder and rock decoction is put into eyes of the animal twice a day to salt and Gur (jaggery) is given to animal twice a day remove insects from the eyes. to cure lunacy. Balanites aegyptica (L.) Del. (Balanitaceae), Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae), Dhania Hingota Seed power of Coriandrum sativum mixed with leaf Balanites aegyptica seed paste mixed with water is of Lawsonia inermis and water kept in a pitcher given to animal twice a day to cure of neck overnight is given to animal twice a day to cure loose inflammation. motion. Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. (Poaceae), Bans Carissa carandas L. (Apocynaceae), Karonda Dried leaves of Bambusa arundinacea mixed with Carissa carandas root paste mixed with Cocas nucifera oil is applied twice a day on maggot wound. lukewarm water is given to animal twice a day to cure retard placenta or to facilitate easier removal of Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. (Rutaceae), Nimbu placenta after delivery. Citrus limon fruit juice is dropped in the eyes of the

animal twice a day to check or cure blindness. Bauhina variegata L. (Fabaceae), Kachanar Crushed root mixed with urine of black cow and paste Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), Haldi is applied twice a day on the eyelids of the animal to Mixture of Curcuma longa rhizome powder, rock salt treat blindness. and pure ghee is fed to the suffering animal to cure

Bryonopsis laciniosa L. (Cucurbitaceae), Shivlingi the swelling of teats (nipple).

Seed powder of Bryonopsis laciniosa mixed with pure Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. (Fabaceae), ghee is given orally to pregnant animals with the help Shisham of a bottle for abortion. Leaf paste of Dalbergia sissoo mixed with water is Buchanania latifolia Roxb. (Anacardiaceae), given to animal twice a day to cure blisters and Chironji leg sore. 666 INDIAN J TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, VOL 9, NO. 4, OCTOBER 2010

Datura metel L. (Solanaceae), Dhatura is given to animal twice a day to cure the blisters and Datura metel root powder is given to the animal twice hoof sore(s). a day to check bleeding of any part of the body due to Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae), Rice maggot infection. Mixture of rice bran and Gossypium sp seeds is given Ficus glomerata Roxb. (Moraceae), Gular to animal thrice a day to cure the cough.

Fruits of Fisus glomerata is given to the animal twice Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (Fabaceae), Karanja a day to facilitate easier removal of placenta after A mixture of phosphorus powder and seed oil of delivery. Pongamia pinnata is given to animal twice a day to Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schultes cure ringworm.

(Asclepiadaceae), Gudmar Sorghum vulgare Pers. (Poaceae), Jawar Gymnema sylvestre fresh leaf paste is applied on the Seed flour of Sorghum vulgare mixed with whey is eyelids twice daily to cure cataract. given to animal twice a day to cure loose motion.

Helianthus annuus L.( Asteraceae), Surajmukhi Saccharum officinarum L. (Poaceae), Sugarcane Fine seed powder of Helianthus annuus is mixed and Saccharum officinarum leaf is given to the female boiled with coconut oil. Cotton dipped in prepared animal twice a day to cure retard placenta or to material is tied on testis to relief in swelling of testis. facilitate easier removal of placenta after delivery.

Helicteres isora L. (Sterculiaceae), Marorphali Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae), Jamun A mixture of Helicteres isora fruit powder, Cuminum Filtrate of Syzygium jambos bark powder in water cyminum seed powder and whey is given to animal mixed with whey is given to animal twice a day to twice a day to cure dysentery. cure haematuria.

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (Malvaceae), Gurhal Tegetus erecta L. (Asteraceae), Genda Hibiscus rosa-sinensis bark decoction isgiven twice a Suspension of Tegetus erecta flower powder mixed day in twitching of animal. with water is given to animal, twice a day to cure Hyoscyamus niger L. (Solanaceae) hydrophobia.

Hyoscyamus niger oil is applied on the wound with Trigonellan foenum-graecum L. (Fabaceae), Methi the help of cotton twice a day to remove the maggot Decoction of fine methi seed powder in water is given from the wound. two times daily to treat twitching.

Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), Ratanjot Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek (Fabaceae), Moong Milky sap of Jatropha curcas is applied on the animal Vigna radiata seed powder mixed with Arachis shoulder thrice a day to cure maggot wound or yolk hypogea oil is given to animal twice a day to cure sore. cough.

Lawsonia inermis L. Naud. (Lythraceae), Mehendi Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae), Dried Lawsonia inermis leaf powder mixed with Ashwagandha water is given to animal twice a day to cure Decoction of Withania somnifera root powder , haematuria . Hyoscyamus niger seed powder , Bambusa

Linum usitatissimum L. (Linaceae), Linseed arundinacea leaf powder , Gur and Zingiber officinale A mixture of gun powder, lime water and Linum powder mixed together and boiled in milk is given to animal twice a day to cure retard placenta. usitatissimum seed oil is applied on the affected portion of the animal twice a day to cure burns due to Ziziphus jujuba (L.) Lam. non Mill. (Rhamnaceae), fire. Ber Paste of Zizyphus jujuba leaf and Linum usitatissimum Mimosa pudica L. (Mimosaceae), Lajwanti oil is applied on the affected portion of the animal to Fresh leaf paste of Mimosa pudica is fed to animal cure burn. with 1 to 2 chapattis, twice a day to cure maggot wound. Discussion Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae), Kela The investigation reveals that 46 plant species Paste of Musa papadisiaca and sugar candy in water belonging to 26 families are commonly used as NIGAM & SHARMA: ETHNOVETERINARY PLANTS OF JHANSI 667

veterinary medicine by different ethnic communities 2 Paul C R & Pal D C, Traditional Knowledge System about of Jhansi district. Out of the total species, 12 species veterinary heathcare in and around of Bankura district, West Bengal, India, In: Herbal Medicine Traditional Practices, of tree, 07 species of shrubs and 27 species of herbs edited by Trivedi PC, (Aavishkar Publishers and are used to cure different ailments of animals. The Distributors, Jaipur), 2006. local people are highly dependent on the herbal 3 Suchultes R C, The role of the enthobotanists in the search remedies. The plant species are commonly available for new medicinal plants, Loydia , 25 (1962) 257-266. in the region and play special role in folk medicine. 4 Jain S K, Medicinal plant-lore of the tribals of Bastar, Econ There is an urgent need for biochemical analysis and Bot , 19 (1965) 236-250. pharmaceutical investigations of plant species used by 5 Jain S K & Rao R R, A Handbook of Field and Herbarium the people of this region to formulate and standardize Methods, (Today and Tomorrow Publication, New Delhi), the medicine for sustainable use. 1976. 6 Kanjilal P C, A forest floras for , Oudh, Acknowledgement and Bundelkhand, (Orinting and Stationery, United Province, Authors are thankful to tribal chieftains and ), 1933. medicine men for providing valuable information. 7 Duthie J F, Flora of Upper Gangetic Plain and the Adjacent Shiwalic and Sub-Himalayan Tract, Vol 1-3, (Government References Press of India, Calcutta) 1903-1929.

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