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Reviewing and Evaluating the Direct Elections to the Legislative Council and the Transformation of Political Parties in Hong Kong, 1991-2016
Journal of US-China Public Administration, August 2016, Vol. 13, No. 8, 499-517 doi: 10.17265/1548-6591/2016.08.001 D DAVID PUBLISHING Reviewing and Evaluating the Direct Elections to the Legislative Council and the Transformation of Political Parties in Hong Kong, 1991-2016 Chung Fun Steven Hung The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong After direct elections were instituted in Hong Kong, politicization inevitably followed democratization. This paper intends to evaluate how political parties’ politics happened in Hong Kong’s recent history. The research was conducted through historical comparative analysis, with the context of Hong Kong during the sovereignty transition and the interim period of democratization being crucial. For the implementation of “one country, two systems”, political democratization was hindered and distinct political scenarios of Hong Kong’s transformation were made. The democratic forces had no alternative but to seek more radicalized politics, which caused a decisive fragmentation of the local political parties where the establishment camp was inevitable and the democratic blocs were split into many more small groups individually. It is harmful. It is not conducive to unity and for the common interests of the publics. This paper explores and evaluates the political history of Hong Kong and the ways in which the limited democratization hinders the progress of Hong Kong’s transformation. Keywords: election politics, historical comparative, ruling, democratization The democratizing element of the Hong Kong political system was bounded within the Legislative Council under the principle of the separation of powers of the three governing branches, Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. Popular elections for the Hong Kong legislature were introduced and implemented for 25 years (1991-2016) and there were eight terms of general elections for the Legislative Council. -
Macro Report August 23, 2004
Prepared by: LI Pang-kwong, Ph.D. Date: 10 April 2005 Comparative Study of Electoral Systems Module 2: Macro Report August 23, 2004 Country: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, CHINA Date of Election: 12 September 2004 NOTE TO COLLABORATORS: The information provided in this report contributes to an important part of the CSES project. Your efforts in providing these data are greatly appreciated! Any supplementary documents that you can provide (e.g., electoral legislation, party manifestos, electoral commission reports, media reports) are also appreciated, and may be made available on the CSES website. Part I: Data Pertinent to the Election at which the Module was Administered 1. Report the number of portfolios (cabinet posts) held by each party in cabinet, prior to the most recent election. (If one party holds all cabinet posts, simply write "all".) In the context of Hong Kong, the Executive Council (ExCo) can be regarded as the cabinet. The ExCo comprises the Official Members (all the Principal Officials in the Government Secretariat have been appointed concurrently the Official Members of the ExCo since July 2002) and the Non-official Members. The members of the ExCo are appointed by the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), while the Principal Officials are nominated by the Chief Executive and are appointed by the Central People’s Government of China. Name of Political Party Number of Portfolios Official Members (with portfolios) of the Executive Council: All the Official Members do not have party affiliation. Non-official Members (without portfolio) of the Executive Council: 1. Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong 1 2. -
Formation of Legco -Eng
LC Paper No. CB(2)1971/05-06(02) Legislative Council Panel on Constitutional Affairs Discussion regarding the formation of the Legislative Council by universal suffrage Introduction This paper provides relevant information for Members’ reference on the following discussion items proposed by the Democratic Party: (a) method for forming the Legislative Council (LegCo) by universal suffrage and the future of functional constituencies (FCs); and (b) delineation of geographical constituencies and the system of voting when all LegCo Members are returned by universal suffrage. Method for forming LegCo by universal suffrage and the future of FCs 2. Article 68 of the Basic Law provides that “the LegCo of the HKSAR shall be constituted by election. The method for forming the LegCo shall be specified in the light of actual situation in the HKSAR and in accordance with the principle of gradual and orderly progress. The ultimate aim is the election of all members of LegCo by universal suffrage.” In accordance with the Decision made by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPCSC) of April 2004, the ratio between members returned by FCs and members returned by geographical constituencies (GCs) through direct elections, who shall respectively occupy half of the seats, is to remain unchanged. 3. At its meeting in November 2005, the Committee on Governance and Political Development of the Commission on Strategic Development (CSD) explored preliminarily the possible models for forming the LegCo when the ultimate aim of universal suffrage is attained (including the unicameral and bicameral systems) and the issues to be considered. The CSD Secretariat has provided to LegCo the relevant discussion paper (CB(2)519/05-06(2)). -
The RTHK Coverage of the 2004 Legislative Council Election Compared with the Commercial Broadcaster
Mainstream or Alternative? The RTHK Coverage of the 2004 Legislative Council Election Compared with the Commercial Broadcaster so Ming Hang A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Government and Public Administration © The Chinese University of Hong Kong June 2005 The Chinese University of Hong Kong holds the copyright of this thesis. Any person(s) intending to use a part or whole of the materials in the thesis in a proposed publication must seek copyright release from the Dean of the Graduate School. 卜二,A館書圆^^ m 18 1 KK j|| Abstract Theoretically, public broadcaster and commercial broadcaster are set up and run by two different mechanisms. Commercial broadcaster, as a proprietary organization, is believed to emphasize on maximizing the profit while the public broadcaster, without commercial considerations, is usually expected to achieve some objectives or goals instead of making profits. Therefore, the contribution by public broadcaster to the society is usually expected to be different from those by commercial broadcaster. However, the public broadcasters are in crisis around the world because of their unclear role in actual practice. Many politicians claim that they cannot find any difference between the public broadcasters and the commercial broadcasters and thus they asserted to cut the budget of public broadcasters or even privatize all public broadcasters. Having this unstable situation of the public broadcasting, the role or performance of the public broadcasters in actual practice has drawn much attention from both policy-makers and scholars. Empirical studies are divergent on whether there is difference between public and commercial broadcaster in actual practice. -
Directors and Parties Involved in the [Redacted]
THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM, INCOMPLETE AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND THAT THE INFORMATION MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SECTION HEADED “WARNING” ON THE COVER OF THIS DOCUMENT. DIRECTORS AND PARTIES INVOLVED IN THE [REDACTED] DIRECTORS Name Address Nationality Executive Directors Mr. Fu Chun Keung (傅鎮強) Flat A, 57/F, Block 1 Chinese Ocean Pointe 8 Sham Tsz Street Sham Tseng New Territories Hong Kong Ms. Cheung Lai Yuk (張麗玉) Flat A, 57/F, Block 1 Chinese Ocean Pointe 8 Sham Tsz Street Sham Tseng New Territories Hong Kong Ms. Fu Wan Ling (傅雲玲) Flat 3515, 35/F, Block M Chinese Chung Chak House Tin Chung Court Tin Shui Wai New Territories Hong Kong Independent non-executive Directors Mr. Chan Cheong Tat (陳昌達) Flat A, 7/F Chinese Block 3, City Garden North Point Hong Kong Mr. Wong Wing Keung Meyrick (王泳強) Room 1907, Block M Chinese Kornhill Quarry Bay Hong Kong Mr. Chan Chi Ming Tony (陳子明) Flat A, 19/F Australian Tower 9, The Visionary 1 Ying Hong St Tung Chung Hong Kong For the biographies of the Directors, please refer to the section headed “Directors and senior management” in this document. —47— THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM, INCOMPLETE AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND THAT THE INFORMATION MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SECTION HEADED “WARNING” ON THE COVER OF THIS DOCUMENT. DIRECTORS AND PARTIES INVOLVED IN THE [REDACTED] PARTIES INVOLVED Sole Sponsor South China Capital Limited A corporate licensed under the SFO and permitted to carry out Type 6 (advising on corporate finance) of regulated activities as defined under the SFO 28/F, Bank of China Tower No.1 Garden Road Central Hong Kong [REDACTED] Legal advisers to the Company As to Hong Kong law: Li & Partners 22/F, World-Wide House 19 Des Voeux Road Central Central Hong Kong —48— THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM, INCOMPLETE AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND THAT THE INFORMATION MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SECTION HEADED “WARNING” ON THE COVER OF THIS DOCUMENT. -
The Basic Law and Democratization in Hong Kong, 3 Loy
Loyola University Chicago International Law Review Volume 3 Article 5 Issue 2 Spring/Summer 2006 2006 The aB sic Law and Democratization in Hong Kong Michael C. Davis Chinese University of Hong Kong Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lucilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Michael C. Davis The Basic Law and Democratization in Hong Kong, 3 Loy. U. Chi. Int'l L. Rev. 165 (2006). Available at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/lucilr/vol3/iss2/5 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola University Chicago International Law Review by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BASIC LAW AND DEMOCRATIZATION IN HONG KONG Michael C. Davist I. Introduction Hong Kong's status as a Special Administrative Region of China has placed it on the foreign policy radar of most countries having relations with China and interests in Asia. This interest in Hong Kong has encouraged considerable inter- est in Hong Kong's founding documents and their interpretation. Hong Kong's constitution, the Hong Kong Basic Law ("Basic Law"), has sparked a number of debates over democratization and its pace. It is generally understood that greater democratization will mean greater autonomy and vice versa, less democracy means more control by Beijing. For this reason there is considerable interest in the politics of interpreting Hong Kong's Basic Law across the political spectrum in Hong Kong, in Beijing and in many foreign capitals. -
Appendix II - K Tsuen Wan District Summaries of Written/Oral Representations
K. Tsuen Wan District - 186 - K. Tsuen Wan District Appendix II - K Tsuen Wan District Summaries of Written/Oral Representations Item No.* DCCAs Representations EAC’s Views No. W O 1 All 1 - Supports the provisional The supporting view is noted. DCCAs recommendations on all DCCAs of the Tsuen Wan District. 2 All 2 - (a) Object to re-arranging the Items (a) and (b) DCCAs order of the DCCA codes These proposals are not as it will cause confusion accepted because: to electors. It may also discourage electors from (i) allocating codes to voting and increase the DCCAs is for the sake of chance of casting the votes easy identification of wrongly. DCCAs on the boundary maps and providing the (b) Propose to assign new public with a quicker and easier way in locating the codes to newly created DCCAs only, for example, DCCA(s) which they are looking for. According the DCCA code for the to the established new K03 (Tsuen Wan working principles, when South) should be K19. drawing up the provisional recommendations, the EAC will rationalise the allocation of the DCCA codes for all administrative districts by assigning the codes in a clockwise direction with a view to making the DCCAs with consecutive codes contiguous to each other as far as possible, so that it is easier for the public to locate the * W: Number of written representations. O : Number of oral representations. K. Tsuen Wan District - 187 - K. Tsuen Wan District Item No.* DCCAs Representations EAC’s Views No. W O DCCA(s); (ii) the DCCA codes are not directly related to electors’ voting; and (iii) there is a representation supporting the rationalisation of DCCA codes. -
Academic Freedom and Critical Speech in Hong Kong: China’S Response to Occupy Central and the Future of “One Country, Two Systems”∗
Academic Freedom and Critical Speech in Hong Kong: China’s Response to Occupy Central and the Future of “One Country, Two Systems”∗ Carole J. Petersen† and Alvin Y.H. Cheung†† I.!!!!!!Introduction .............................................................................. 2! II.!!!!The “One Country, Two Systems” Model: Formal Autonomy but with an Executive-Led System ...................... 8! III. Legal Protections for Academic Freedom and Critical Speech in Hong Kong’s Constitutional Framework ............ 13! IV. University Governance: The Impact of Increased Centralization and Control ................................................... 20! V. !Conflicts between The Academic Community and the Hong Kong and Central Governments ................................ 28! VI. Beijing’s Retribution: Increased Interference in Hong Kong Universities ................................................................ 40! VII. The Disapearing Booksellers ............................................... 53! VIII. Conclusion ........................................................................... 58! *Copyright © 2016 Carole J. Petersen and Alvin Y.H. Cheung. The authors thank the academics who agreed to be interviewed for this article and research assistants Jasmine Dave, Jason Jutz, and Jai Keep-Barnes for their assistance with research and editing. This is an updated version of a paper presented at a roundtable organized by the Council on Foreign Relations on December 15, 2015, and the authors thank the chair of the roundtable, Professor Jerome A. Cohen, and other participants for their comments. The William S. Richardson School of Law at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa supported Professor Petersen’s travel to Hong Kong to conduct interviews for this article. † Carole J. Petersen is a Professor at the William S. Richardson School of Law and Director of the Matsunaga Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution, University of Hawai’i at Manoa. She taught law at the University of Hong Kong from 1991–2006 and at the City University of Hong Kong from 1989-1991. -
The Brookings Institution Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies
THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION CENTER FOR NORTHEAST ASIAN POLICY STUDIES The 2004 Legislative Council Elections and Implications for U.S. Policy toward Hong Kong Wednesday, September 15, 2004 Introduction: RICHARD BUSH Director, Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies The Brookings Institution Presenter: SONNY LO SHIU-HING Associate Professor of Political Science University of Waterloo Discussant: ELLEN BORK Deputy Director Project for the New American Century [TRANSCRIPT PREPARED FROM A TAPE RECORDING.] THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION CENTER FOR NORTHEAST ASIAN POLICY STUDIES 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036 202-797-6307 P R O C E E D I N G S MR. BUSH: [In progress] I've long thought that politically Hong Kong plays a very important role in the Chinese political system because it can be, I think, a test bed, or a place to experiment on different political forums on how to run large Chinese cities in an open, competitive, and accountable way. So how Hong Kong's political development proceeds is very important for some larger and very significant issues for the Chinese political system as a whole, and therefore the debate over democratization in Hong Kong is one that has significance that reaches much beyond the rights and political participation of the people there. The election that occurred last Sunday is a kind of punctuation mark in that larger debate over democratization, and we're very pleased to have two very qualified people to talk to us today. The first is Professor Sonny Lo Shiu-hing, who has just joined the faculty of the University of Waterloo in Canada. -
Project-Approval-Log-Condos.Pdf
Condo Approval Log as of 3‐16‐19 State Project Name Project Location Phase Warrantable Decision Expiration Date HOA Cert Exp Date Insurance Exp Date Budget Exp Date AL Bella Luna Orange Beach, AL. 36561 Entire Warrantable ‐ O/O or 2nd Home Only Approval Expired 3/5/2017 2/27/2017 4/7/2017 12/31/2016 AL Brown Crest Auburn, AL 36832 Phase 1 Warrantable Approval Expired 9/24/2016 11/2/2016 2/28/2017 12/31/2016 AL Creekside of Auburn AL, Auburn 36830 Entire Warrantable ‐ Freddie Mac Only Approval Expired 3/28/2017 3/13/2017 11/1/2017 12/31/2017 AL Donahue Crossing Auburn, AL. 36830 Entire Warrantable Approval Expired 11/13/2016 10/27/2016 7/4/2017 12/31/2016 AL Residences Auburn, AL 36830 Entire Warrantable Approval Expired 9/15/2016 7/14/2016 8/6/2016 12/31/2016 AL Seachase Orange Beach, AL 36561 Entire Warrantable Approval Expired 12/1/2016 11/14/2016 5/23/2017 12/31/2016 AZ Bella Vista Scottsdale, AZ 85260 Entire Warrantable Approval Expired 9/10/2015 9/3/2015 5/9/2016 12/31/2015 AZ Colonial Grande Casitas Mesa, AZ 85211 Entire Warrantable Approval Expired 3/14/2018 2/28/2018 7/6/2018 12/31/2018 AZ Desert Breeze Villas Phoenix, AZ 85037 Entire Warrantable Approval Expired 11/25/2017 11/21/2017 6/25/2018 12/31/2017 AZ Discovery at the Orchards Peoria, AZ 85381 Entire Warrantable Approval Expired 8/8/2017 7/19/2017 8/24/2017 12/31/2017 AZ Eastwood Park Mesa, AZ 85203 Entire Warrantable Approval Expired 9/12/2017 9/7/2017 1/30/2018 12/31/2017 AZ El Segundo Phoenix, AZ 85008 Entire Non‐Warrantable Approval Expired 9/21/2018 8/28/2018 11/8/2018 12/31/2018 AZ Leisure World Mesa, AZ 85206 Entire Warrantable Approval Expired 3/11/2018 3/4/2018 1/1/2018 12/31/2017 AZ Mountain Park Phoenix AZ 85020 Entire Warrantable Approval Expired 7/13/2015 7/2/2015 11/15/2015 12/31/2015 AZ Palm Gardens Phoenix, AZ 85041 Entire Warrantable Approval Expired 7/11/2016 7/5/2016 11/23/2016 12/31/2016 AZ Pointe Resort @ Tapatio Cliffs Phoenix, AZ. -
Service Boundaries of Tsuen Wan (West)
Tsuen Wan (West) Integrated Family 西荃灣綜合家庭服務中心 Service Centre Social Welfare Department 社會福利署 Tsuen Wan and Kwai Tsing District 荃灣及葵青區 Enquiries: 2439 5429 查詢電話:2439 5429 Fax: 2412 7334 傳真:2412 7334 Email: [email protected] 電郵:[email protected] Geographical Service Boundary 服務地域範圍 Eastern Boundary 東面分界線 - Starts at junction of Castle Peak Road - 始於青山公路(葵涌段)與德士古 (Kwai Chung) and Texaco Road 道交界 - Moving along Kwan Mun Hau Street - 沿關門口街 - Turns north-west at junction of Sha - 轉沙咀道向西北移 Tsui Road - Then turns north-east at junction of - 至大河道向東北移 Tai Ho Road - Then turns to Castle Peak Road - 轉青山公路(荃灣段) (Tsuen Wan) - Ends at Chai Wan Kok and turn to the - 至柴灣角向北移至荃錦坳止 north till Tsuen Kam Au Southern Boundary 南面分界線 - Starts at junction of Castle Peak Road - 始於青山公路(葵涌段)與德士古 (Kwai Chung) and Texaco Road 道交界 - Moving along Texaco Road - 沿德士古道移 - Ends at Riveria Garden - 至海濱花園止 Western Boundary 西面分界線 - Starts from harbour separating Tsing - 始於分隔荃灣及青衣島海岸 Yi Island and Tsuen Wan - Extending to Ma Wan Channel and - 伸延至馬灣海峽及汲水門 Kap Shui Mun - Ends at Ka Loon Tsuen - 至嘉龍村止 1 Northern Boundary 北面分界線 - Starts at junction of Tsuen Kam Au, - 始於荃錦坳向西南移 moving south-west - Ends at Yuen Tun - 至圓墩止 Details of Geographical Service Boundary 服務地域範圍詳情 District Council Constituency 區議會選區# Code Name Part 部分 / Whole 全部 * 代號 名稱 K01 Tak Wah 德華 Part 部分 Whole 全部 ☐ K02 Yeung Uk Road 楊屋道 Part 部分 ☐ Whole 全部 K03 Tsuen Wan South 荃灣南 Part 部分 ☐ Whole 全部 K04 Hoi Bun 海濱 Part 部分 ☐ Whole 全部 K05 Tsuen Wan West 荃灣西 Part 部分 ☐ Whole 全部 K06 Clague Garden 祈德尊 Part 部分 ☐ Whole -
M / SP / 14 / 173 Ser Res
¬½á W¤á 300 200 Sheung Fa Shan LIN FA SHAN Catchwater flW˘§⁄ł§¤‚˛†p›ˇ M / SP / 14 / 173 Ser Res 200 w 200 SEE PLAN REF. No. M / SP / 14 / 173 NEEDLE HILL 532 FOR TSUEN WAN VILLAGE CLUSTER BOUNDARIES 500 è¦K 45 Catchwater fih 400 Catchwater 400 2 _ij 100 flW˘§⁄ł§¤‚˛†p›ˇ M / SP / 14 / 172 The Cliveden The Cairnhill JUBILEE (SHING MUN) ROUTE RESERVOIR ê¶È¥ Catchwater «ø 314 Yuen Yuen 9 SEE PLAN REF. No. M / SP / 14 / 172 Institute M' y TWISK Wo Yi Hop 46 23 22 10 FOR TSUEN WAN VILLAGE CLUSTER BOUNDARIES Ser Res 11 SHING MUN ROAD 200 Catchwater 300 Ser Res 3.2.1 Á³z² GD„‹ HILLTOP ROAD ãÅF r ú¥OªÐ e flA Toll Gate t 474 a Kwong Pan Tin 12 w h San Tsuen D c ù t «ø“G a C ¥s 25 SHEK LUNG KUNG ƒ Po Kwong Yuen –‰ ú¥Oª LO WAI ROAD ¶´ú 5 Tso Kung Tam Kwong Pan Tin «ø Tsuen “T Fu Yung Shan ƒ SAMT¤¯· TUNG UK ROAD 5 Lo Wai 14 20 Sam Tung Uk fl” 22 ø–⁄ U¤á 315 24 Resite Village 300 Ha Fa Shan ROAD ¥—¥ H¶»H¶s s· CHUN Pak Tin Pa 8 Cheung Shan 100 fl” 19 San Tsuen YI PEI 400 fl´« TSUEN KING CIRCUIT San Tsuen 13 Estate 100 5 ROAD Allway Gardens flW˘ 100 3.2.2 fl”· SHAN 3 ROAD fi Tsuen Wan Centre FU YUNG SHING 25 ˦Lª MUN Ser Res 28 Chuk Lam Hoi Pa Resite Village ST Tsuen King Sim Yuen 252 ¤{ ON YIN Garden G¤@ G¤@« Ma Sim Pei Tsuen Łƒ… “T» Yi Pei Chun Lei Muk Shue 2 SHING MUN TUNNEL »» 26 Sai Lau Kok Ser Res Ser Res CHEUNG PEI SHAN ROAD Estate w ¥—¥ Tsuen Heung Fan Liu fl MEI WAN STREET 21 Pak Tin Pa M©y© ROAD «ø“ ·wƒ Tsuen 12 MA SIM PAI Lower Shing Mun Ser Res 18 Village «ø“ flw… 7 TSUEN KING CIRCUIT A ⁄· fi¯ł «ø“ƒ¤ Tsuen Tak ¤{ 200 ½ Shing Mun Valley W¤ª Garden