unhappy and his three children died before him. After his death his manuscripts were sold to England, K where the first edition of his description of Japan appeared (The history of Japan, 1727), translated from the German. For a long time this edition remained the standard source for subsequent editions. In 1777–1779 C.K.W. von Dohm brought out a German edition which was based on another manuscript, which he Kaempfer, Engelbert (1651–1716) claimed was an original manuscript by Kaempfer, Introduction by Bodart-Bailey to the 1999 English but in certain parts the English translation by Johann translation of Kaempfer 1777–1779 (below) ■ Caspar Scheuchzer (1702–1729, first names various- R. Falkmann, ‘Kämpfer, Engelbert’ ADB 15(1882), ly written as Johann Gaspard, Jean Gaspard, Hans 62–64, online version ■ Haberland 1990 ■ K. Meier- Kaspar), was followed. Scheuchzer’s translation was Lemgo, ‘Kaempfer, Engelbert’, NDB 10(1974), p. 729– rather free, and he also inserted negative comments 730, online version ■ Meier-Lemgo 1960 ■ W. Michel, about Japan and the Japanese which had been absent ‘Kampfer’s Japan und Dohms Kaempfer’ in Klocke- in Kaempfer’s own impartial and objective account. Daffa & Scheffer & Wilbertz 2003, p. 211–243 ■ A The probable explanation of this, and the complicat- bibliography of works by and concerning Kaempfer, ed history of the Dohm edition is described in Michel brought together by K. Antoni (Tübingen), J. Hettling 2003. The original text which formed the basis of (Lemgo), H. Hüls (Lemgo), G. Laue (Lemgo), Scheuchzer’s translation was only published in 2001. W. Michel, A. Oshima, F. Sondermann (Sendai, Japan), Kaempfer was a founding father of Japanology, the L. Weiß (Detmold) may be found on the website first of the three great scientific travellers who brought http://wolfgangmichel.web.fc2.com/serv/ek/eklit/ knowledge of Japan to the West, together with index.html, accessed 07-09-2015. Thunberg* and Siebold.* I have here put the earliest German texts of The German scientific explorer and physician Kaempfer’s Geschichte und Beschreibung von Japan Engelbert Kaempfer was born in Lemgo (Lippe) on before the English text of 1727, because German was 16 September 1651 and died in Lieme near Lemgo on the language of Kaempfer’s manuscripts. The French, 2 November 1716. Kaempfer first attended the Latin Dutch and English translations appeared before the School in Lemgo, later in Hameln, Lüneburg, Lübeck, German text as edited by Von Dohm had been pub- and Danzig (now Gdánsk, Poland). He studied at lished; in fact, the French and Dutch editions were the universities of Torún, Kraków, Königsberg (now translations of the English edition of 1727. Kaliningrad) and Uppsala. His studies embraced Until 1999, all translations and editions either go languages, history, geography, medicine and natural back to the English text of 1727 or the German text of history. 1777–1779. Most of the Japanese editions follow the In Sweden he obtained a job as secretary and physi- German text. In 1999 the manuscript was published cian of a diplomatic mission to the Shah in Iran, where on which the English edition of 1727 was based, and in he stayed several years; there he found the materials 2001 there appeared a critical scientific edition based for the only book which was published in his lifetime, on all available manuscripts. the Amoenitates exoticarum (1712). Next to complete editions there are many editions He then entered the service of the Dutch East publishing parts of Kaempfer’s book. I have includ- Company as a physician, in which capacity he served ed these when they concern a substantial part of from 1685 to 1688 in (Iran), from 1688– Kaempfer’s text. 1689 on the Malabar coast of India and Sri Lanka and from 1689–1690 on Java. His golden opportunity came 1747 when he was sent to Japan as embassy physician. On Reise nach Japan. Series: Allgemeine Historie der his way to Japan he visited Siam (). From Reisen zu Wasser und Lande; oder Sammlung aller 1690 to 1692 he stayed in Deshima, the artificial island Reisbeschreibungen, welche bis itzo in verschiede- before the coast of Nagasaki, and twice participated in nen Sprachen [...] worden, vol. 1 (series editor: J.J. the yearly journey of the Dutch delegation to the court Schwabe). Translation from the English edition of of the Shogun at Edo (Tokyo). 1727. Leipzig: Arkstee und Merkus. Descripton: 876; In 1692 he returned to Europe via Java and the Cape, 24 cm. obtained a doctorate in medicine at Leiden, and finally ¶¶ 1749, ‘Beschreibung des Japonischen Reichs’, in settled in 1694 in Lieme near Lemgo, where he became vol. 4 in Ausführliche Beschreibung des Chinesischen the personal physician to the Count of Lippe. Reichs und der grossen Tartarey by J.B. du Halde, based In December 1700 he married a girl with a rich dowry on the English edition of 1727–1728. Rostock: J.C. in a bid to become financially independent and have Koppe. Includes the translation of the ‘second appen- more time to publish. But the marriage was very dix‘.

230 | Kaempfer, Engelbert ¶¶ 1753, Engelbert Kaempfers Reise nach Japan — volumes are part of a larger work: Engelbert Kaempfer: Beschreibung der Japanischen Inseln. Series: Allgemeine Werke. Kritische Ausgabe in Einzelbänden. Historie der Reisen zu Wasser und Lande; oder English: Sammlung aller Reisebeschreibungen, [...] in ver- ¶¶ 1727, The history of Japan: giving an account of the schiedenen Sprachen [...] in Europa, Asia, Africa und ancient and present state and government of that empire; of America, vol. 11. Leipzig: Arkstee und Merkus. New its temples, palaces, castles and other buildings; [...] Written edition of the 1747 edition. in High-Dutch by Engelbertus Kaempfer, [...] Translated ¶¶ 1756, new edition of the 1749 edition. by J.G. Scheuchzer. 2 vols. London: printed for the ¶¶ 1769, ‘Beschreibung des Japonischen Reichs’ in translator [i.e. J.C. Scheuchzer]. Description: [8], lii, Sammlung der besten und neuesten Reisebeschreibungen, [4], 391, [b], pl., maps; 393–612, 75, [b], [6 index], [2b], in einem ausführlichen Auszuge [...] aus verschiedenen [4], pl., maps. With an additional title page ‘Historia Sprachen zusammengetragen vol. 7, p. 153–251. Berlin: imperii Japonici’. Mylius. ¶¶ 1727–1728, The history of Japan: giving an account ¶¶ 1777–1779, Geschichte und Beschreibung von Japan. of the antient and present state and government of that Edited by C.W. von Dohm. Lemgo: Meyersche empire; of its temples, palaces, castles, and other buildings; Buchhandlung. Description: lxviii, 310, [1], 18 plates; [...] Written in High Dutch by Engelbertus Kaempfer, [...] [4], 478, 27 plates. To which is added, part of a journal of a voyage to Japan ¶¶ 1782, Reise nach Japan. Series: Bibliothek der [...] Translated by J. C. Scheuchzer. London: Thomas neuesten Reisebeschreibungen, vol. 5. Nürnberg: Woodward & Charles Davis. 2 vols. This is a reissue Schneider und Weigel. New edition of the edition of of the preceding edition with a new title page. Vol.2 1777–1779. Description: [8], 350. contains The second appendix to Dr. Engelbert Kaempfer’s ¶¶ 1783, Abgekürzte Geschichte und Beschreibung des History of Japan: being part of an authentick jounal of a japanischen Reichs. With reminiscences of C.C.W. von voyage to Japan, made by the English in the year 1673, by Dohm and C. Medicus. Frankfurt am Main: Schneider S. Delboe, H. Gibben, W. Ramsden. (and others). Description: 350, illus. ¶¶ 1808, The History of Japan, a condensed version in: ¶¶ 1850, Engelbert Kämpfers Reise nach Japan. An edition J. Pinkerton, A general Collection of Travels and Voyages, for the young edited by P. Körber. Nürnberg: Lotzbeck. vol. 7, p. 652–821. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and ¶¶ 1860, Japan und seine Bewohner. Geschichtliche Orme & London: Cadell & Davies & London: Strahan Rückblicke und ethnographische Schilderungen von and Preston. Land und Leuten. An extract of Kaempfer’s book by ¶¶ 1853, An account of Japan. Abridged and edited after W. Heine. Leipzig: Costenoble. Description: xx, 383. the English translation of J.G. Scheuchzer, in: The ¶¶ 1964, facs. of the edition of 1777–1779. 2 vols. Universal Library, vol. 10. London: Ingram, Cooke & Co. Introduction by H.G. Beck. Series: Quellen und Description: xvi, 105, front.; 24 cm. Also found with Forschungen zur Geschichte der Geographie und der pagination 141–261. Reisen. Stuttgart: Brockhaus Antiquarium. Reprinted ¶¶ 1906, The history of Japan: together with a description of 1982. the kingdom of Siam. 3 vols. Glasgow: J. MacLehose and ¶¶ 1968, ‘Reisen in Nippon’, p. 31–248 in: H. Scurla Sons and New York: The MacMillan Company. (ed.), berichte Deutscher Forscher des 17. Und 19. ¶¶ 1929, facs. of the 1727 ed., Kyoto: Bunji Yoshida. Jahrhunderts aus Japan. Berlin: Verlag der Nation. ¶¶ 1971, facs. of the 1906 edition. New York: AMS Press. Reprinted 1990 (6th). ¶¶ 1977, facs. of the 1927 edition. Tōkyō: Yūshōdō ¶¶ 1978, ‘Die Reise von Nagasaki an den kaiserlichen Shoten. With additional introductory material. Hof in Jedo‘, p. 360–412 in: G.A. Narciß (ed.), Im fernen ¶¶ 1993, facs. of the 1906 ed. Richmond: Curzon Press. Osten: Forscher und Entdecker in Tibet, China, Japan und ¶¶ 1996, A description of the kingdom of Siam. Bangkok: Korea 1689–1911. Tübingen & Basel, Erdmann. White Orchid Press. Description: xxx, 97. Contains the ¶¶ 1980, facs. of the edition of 1777–1779 with additional part of Kaempfer’s book describing Thailand. material. 4 volumes. Berlin: Springer, published for the ¶¶ 1999, Kaempfer’s Japan: Tokugawa culture observed. ‘Deutschen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Edited and introduced by B. Bodart-Bailey. Honolulu: Ostasiens’ in Tokyo. The first two volumes are the University of Hawai’i Press. This is a new translation facsimile, the third volume (consisting of plates only) from the original manuscript in the Sloane collection is a facsimile of Icones selectae plantarum, quas in Japonia in the . collegit et delineavit Engelbertus Kaempfer after the Dutch: London edition of 1791. The fourth volume contains ar- ¶¶ 1729, De beschryving van Japan, behelsende een ver- ticles and commentary by J.C. Scheuchzer, P. Kapitza, haal van den ouden en tegenwoordigen staat en regeer- H. Hüls and T. Imai. Limited oedition of 500 copies. ing van dat ryk ..: benevens eene beschryving van het ¶¶ 2001, Heutiges Japan. 2 vols. Edited by W. Michel Koningryk Siam. ’s-Gravenhage: P. Gosse & J. Neaulme and B.J. Terwiel. München: Iudicium. Description: & : B. Lakeman. Translated into Dutch xiv, 779, illus.; vii, 828, illus. This is a modern scholar- from the English translation by J.C. Scheuchzer. ly edition after Kaempfer’s original manuscripts. The Description: vi, 50, 500, illus., map.

Kaempfer, Engelbert | 231