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Animal Husbandry Department Policy Note

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Animal Husbandry Department Policy Note ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT Tamil Nadu lays prime focus on the development of POLICY NOTE 2011-12 Animal Husbandry Sector, besides other primary sectors. The Animal Husbandry department is making "The Government of Tamil Nadu, under all efforts for livestock development. The my leadership will lay a major emphasis on formulating special schemes to department is implementing different Animal catalyse the growth of primary sector Husbandry programmes like Feeding, Breeding, based departments such as agriculture, Management as well as Marketing in scientific animal husbandry and fisheries" methods, in order to safe-guard the livestock and Hon'ble Chief Minister poultry from different diseases and to provide (Independence Day address on 15.08.11) better health coverage and breeding facilities. This Department is successful in discharging 1. INTRODUCTION its duties and functions with its network of various Animal Husbandry is the root base of rural categories of Veterinary Institutions, in the State. economy. It plays an important role in upliftment of The Department has many activities such as the the economic status of the rural and urban people. development of Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep and Goats, Besides, Animal Husbandry sector is providing Piggery, Poultry, besides Fodder resources, employment opportunities to unemployed and Extension and training, Implementation of socio- underemployed rural poor. Apart from generating economic programmes. In addition, the employment and income, it also provides products department conducts Integrated Sample Survey like milk, meat, egg, wool, bone, skin, hide, offal, annually and Livestock Census quinquennially. manure (dung) and draught power. The Upgradation of local stock of cattle and developments in this sector contributed to women buffaloes by Artificial Insemination using exotic and empowerment in a big way. It is because of the cross bred frozen semen straws through 3,358 immense importance of this sector to the rural Artificial Insemination Centres is being undertaken economy that the Hon'ble Chief Minister of Tamil by our State effectively. The systematic Nadu has herself stated on 15.08.11 during her implementation of the Cross Breeding Programme Independence Day address that the Government of in cattle has led to a remarkable increase in the 1 2 crossbred cattle population to 70.44 lakhs and production in the country. Thus, the efforts of the exotic and crossbred milk production to 4,228 department have resulted in the overall increase in thousand tonnes during the year 2009-10. By this, egg, meat and milk production in the State. the State stands first both in Crossbred Cattle population and Exotic and Crossbred Cattle milk 2. AIMS OF THE DEPARTMENT production in the Country. During 2009-10, the gross value of output of Enhancing the production potentialities of livestock in the State is Rs. 20,940 crores. livestock and poultry and thus increasing the Livestock sector contributes about 2.74% of Tamil production of milk, egg, meat and wool. Nadu’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) and Providing necessary and timely modern that to the agriculture and allied activities is veterinary assistance and health cover to the 36.45%. The dairy and poultry sectors contributed livestock and poultry. significantly to this growth. The annual milk Implementing various Central and State production during 2009-10 was 5,778 thousand Government Schemes for the upliftment of tonnes. The annual egg production was 1084.76 rural poor. crores and annual meat production was Providing information and training on basic 461 thousand tonnes. and latest animal husbandry practices. As per the Indian Council of Medical Protecting human health by preventing research (ICMR) recommendation, the per capita major zoonotic diseases of animals. requirement of milk should be 250 grams per day and 180 numbers eggs per annum. The per capita 3. ADMINISTRATION availability of milk in India is 263 grams per day and egg is 51 eggs per year. The per capita The department was started in 1892 as Civil availability of milk in Tamil Nadu is 237 grams Veterinary Department to provide veterinary aid per day and egg is 162 numbers per year. to needy farmers, was subsequently renamed as The State contributes 18.13% of egg, Animal Husbandry Department in 1948, with the 11.48% of meat and 5.13% of milk production and main objectives of treatment and prevention of stands 2nd in egg and 4 th in meat, 10th in milk livestock diseases. Since then, this department 3 4 is constantly evolving with the demands of the Poultry Farm, one Fodder Farm, 20 Cattle Breeding growing livestock population. and Fodder Development Units and two Poultry The Animal Husbandry Department is headed Disease Diagnostic Laboratories. by the Commissioner / Director of Animal The following recent measures are taken to Husbandry and Veterinary Services. The Director is improve the administration of the department: assisted by 4 Additional Directors, one Joint One Additional Director post is now renewed Director, one Deputy Director and seven Assistant as per the Government Order No. 17 of AHD Directors in the Directorate and 26 Regional Joint & F Dept. dated 01.06.2011. Directors in the Districts. The State is divided into A total of 230 candidates were given 26 Regions, each headed by a Regional Joint Livestock Inspectors Training in District Director and 65 Administrative divisions, each Livestock Farms, Hosur and Orathanadu and headed by an Assistant Director. were posted as Livestock Inspectors Field veterinary institutions consist of Grade II. Polyclinics, Clinician Centres, Veterinary Hospitals TH that are under the direct control of the Regional 4. 18 LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY CENSUS Joint Director and Veterinary Dispensaries and Upgraded Veterinary Sub Centres, which are under Tamil Nadu has vast resource of livestock the control of the Assistant Directors. and poultry, which play a vital role in improving the The Institute of Veterinary Preventive socio-economic conditions of rural masses. Medicine (IVPM), Ranipet produces veterinary Considering the shorter life span of livestock, the vaccines and diagnostics. One Central Referral census on livestock, poultry, agriculture implements Laboratory for diagnosis, confirmation and and fisheries is conducted once in 5 years since monitoring of Animal Diseases is functioning at 1951. It provides Animal Husbandry Statistics to Saidapet, Chennai. It also coordinates the work of serve as a base for planning and monitoring 20 Animal Disease Intelligence Units headed by developments in the field of Animal Husbandry and Assistant Directors functioning in various Districts Veterinary Services. The 18th Quinquennial of the State. The department also manages eight Livestock and Poultry Census was carried out by the Livestock Farms, three Sheep / Goat Farms, one 5 6 department of Animal Husbandry in 2007 with Table 2: Breedable Population 15.10.2007 as the reference date. Breedable Female The comparison and percentage increase / Population (In lakhs) th th Sl. decrease of 17 and 18 Livestock Census Species 18 th Census No 17 th Census (Provisional) are as follows: 2007 2004 (Provisional) Table 1: Comparison of 17th and 18th 1 Cattle 41.17 48.09 Livestock Census (In lakhs) 2 Buffalo 9.01 9.00 Total 50.18 57.09 17 th 18 th Census Percentage Species Census 2007 increase / 5. FODDER DEVELOPMENT 2004 (Provisional) decrease The contribution of livestock to the economy Cattle 91.41 111.89 22 through its products like milk, egg, meat and hide is invaluable. To increase the quality and quantity Buffalo 16.58 20.09 21 of these products, the livestock specially requires Sheep 55.94 79.91 43 good quality and quantity of green fodder. Goat 81.77 92.75 13 Increased milk production can be obtained through Horses and balanced feeding. 0.25 0.06 -76 Ponies The cost towards feed and fodder constitutes around 70% of the total production cost of Donkeys 0.26 0.05 -81 livestock. Both quantitatively and qualitatively, Pigs 3.21 2.84 -12 there exists a huge gap between the demand and Total 249.42 307.59 23 supply of green fodder. Moreover the green fodder Livestock is not available throughout the year and is Dogs 27.16 18.40 -32 restricted to selected areas and seasons. Rabbits 0.67 0.14 -79 Based on 2007 (Provisional) livestock Total 865.91 1281.08 48 census, the deficit of green fodder has been worked Poultry out as 42.60% to total demand. The availability of 7 8 dry fodder is sufficient during normal monsoon Under State Fodder Development Scheme, it period. is proposed to minimise the fodder shortage The total grazing land available in the State and satisfy the feed requirement for the is 1.10 lakh hectares. The average cultivated area 60,000 milch cows and 28 lakhs Goats/ devoted to fodder production is only 3 per cent of Sheep to be distributed through the Hon' the total area cultivated. The area under fodder able Chief Minister's "Scheme for free production has not increased considerably in the distribution of Milch Cows and Goats / last few decades and our natural grazing lands and Sheep ". For this purpose, cultivation of high pastures are fast shrinking as a result of competing yielding fodder crops in 24,000 acres of demands for food under ever increasing population farmers' field, setting up of Fodder Seed pressure, urbanization and industrialization. The Fodder Production Units in Government / farmer`s preference for cash crops is one of the University Farms, utilization of water saving reasons for non increase of area under fodder devices, better utilization of nutrients in feed production. Thus, the plausible alternative is to and fodder by providing subsidized power search for the possibilities of growing fodder with driven Chaff cutters, Grass cutters and Tamil increased bio- mass yield with more nutritive value. Nadu Veterinary Animal Sciences University - Livestock population mostly subsists on GRAND supplement and by providing training vegetation of natural grasslands where grasses are / Information, Education and Communication cheap sources of forage.
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