ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT lays prime focus on the development of POLICY NOTE 2011-12 Animal Husbandry Sector, besides other primary sectors. The Animal Husbandry department is making "The Government of Tamil Nadu, under all efforts for livestock development. The my leadership will lay a major emphasis on formulating special schemes to department is implementing different Animal catalyse the growth of primary sector Husbandry programmes like Feeding, Breeding, based departments such as agriculture, Management as well as Marketing in scientific animal husbandry and fisheries" methods, in order to safe-guard the livestock and Hon'ble Chief Minister poultry from different diseases and to provide (Independence Day address on 15.08.11) better health coverage and breeding facilities.

This Department is successful in discharging 1. INTRODUCTION its duties and functions with its network of various Animal Husbandry is the root base of rural categories of Veterinary Institutions, in the State. economy. It plays an important role in upliftment of The Department has many activities such as the the economic status of the rural and urban people. development of Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep and Goats, Besides, Animal Husbandry sector is providing Piggery, Poultry, besides Fodder resources, employment opportunities to unemployed and Extension and training, Implementation of socio- underemployed rural poor. Apart from generating economic programmes. In addition, the employment and income, it also provides products department conducts Integrated Sample Survey like milk, meat, egg, wool, bone, skin, hide, offal, annually and Livestock Census quinquennially. manure (dung) and draught power. The Upgradation of local stock of cattle and developments in this sector contributed to women buffaloes by Artificial Insemination using exotic and empowerment in a big way. It is because of the cross bred frozen semen straws through 3,358 immense importance of this sector to the rural Artificial Insemination Centres is being undertaken economy that the Hon'ble Chief Minister of Tamil by our State effectively. The systematic Nadu has herself stated on 15.08.11 during her implementation of the Cross Breeding Programme Independence Day address that the Government of in cattle has led to a remarkable increase in the

1 2 crossbred cattle population to 70.44 lakhs and production in the country. Thus, the efforts of the exotic and crossbred milk production to 4,228 department have resulted in the overall increase in thousand tonnes during the year 2009-10. By this, egg, meat and milk production in the State. the State stands first both in Crossbred Cattle population and Exotic and Crossbred Cattle milk 2. AIMS OF THE DEPARTMENT production in the Country. During 2009-10, the gross value of output of  Enhancing the production potentialities of livestock in the State is Rs. 20,940 crores. livestock and poultry and thus increasing the Livestock sector contributes about 2.74% of Tamil production of milk, egg, meat and wool. Nadu’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) and  Providing necessary and timely modern that to the agriculture and allied activities is veterinary assistance and health cover to the 36.45%. The dairy and poultry sectors contributed livestock and poultry. significantly to this growth. The annual milk  Implementing various Central and State production during 2009-10 was 5,778 thousand Government Schemes for the upliftment of tonnes. The annual egg production was 1084.76 rural poor. crores and annual meat production was  Providing information and training on basic 461 thousand tonnes. and latest animal husbandry practices. As per the Indian Council of Medical  Protecting human health by preventing research (ICMR) recommendation, the per capita major zoonotic diseases of animals. requirement of milk should be 250 grams per day and 180 numbers eggs per annum. The per capita 3. ADMINISTRATION availability of milk in India is 263 grams per day and egg is 51 eggs per year. The per capita The department was started in 1892 as Civil availability of milk in Tamil Nadu is 237 grams Veterinary Department to provide veterinary aid per day and egg is 162 numbers per year. to needy farmers, was subsequently renamed as The State contributes 18.13% of egg, Animal Husbandry Department in 1948, with the 11.48% of meat and 5.13% of milk production and main objectives of treatment and prevention of th in meat, 10th in milk stands 2nd in egg and 4 livestock diseases. Since then, this department

3 4 is constantly evolving with the demands of the Poultry Farm, one Fodder Farm, 20 Cattle Breeding growing livestock population. and Fodder Development Units and two Poultry The Animal Husbandry Department is headed Disease Diagnostic Laboratories. by the Commissioner / Director of Animal The following recent measures are taken to Husbandry and Veterinary Services. The Director is improve the administration of the department: assisted by 4 Additional Directors, one Joint  One Additional Director post is now renewed Director, one Deputy Director and seven Assistant as per the Government Order No. 17 of AHD Directors in the Directorate and 26 Regional Joint & F Dept. dated 01.06.2011. Directors in the Districts. The State is divided into  A total of 230 candidates were given 26 Regions, each headed by a Regional Joint Livestock Inspectors Training in District Director and 65 Administrative divisions, each Livestock Farms, Hosur and Orathanadu and headed by an Assistant Director. were posted as Livestock Inspectors Field veterinary institutions consist of Grade II. Polyclinics, Clinician Centres, Veterinary Hospitals TH that are under the direct control of the Regional 4. 18 LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY CENSUS Joint Director and Veterinary Dispensaries and Upgraded Veterinary Sub Centres, which are under Tamil Nadu has vast resource of livestock the control of the Assistant Directors. and poultry, which play a vital role in improving the The Institute of Veterinary Preventive socio-economic conditions of rural masses. Medicine (IVPM), produces veterinary Considering the shorter life span of livestock, the vaccines and diagnostics. One Central Referral census on livestock, poultry, agriculture implements Laboratory for diagnosis, confirmation and and fisheries is conducted once in 5 years since monitoring of Animal Diseases is functioning at 1951. It provides Animal Husbandry Statistics to , . It also coordinates the work of serve as a base for planning and monitoring 20 Animal Disease Intelligence Units headed by developments in the field of Animal Husbandry and Assistant Directors functioning in various Districts Veterinary Services. The 18th Quinquennial of the State. The department also manages eight Livestock and Poultry Census was carried out by the Livestock Farms, three Sheep / Goat Farms, one

5 6 department of Animal Husbandry in 2007 with Table 2: Breedable Population 15.10.2007 as the reference date. Breedable Female The comparison and percentage increase / Population (In lakhs) th th Sl. decrease of 17 and 18 Livestock Census Species 18 th Census No 17 th Census (Provisional) are as follows: 2007 2004 (Provisional) Table 1: Comparison of 17th and 18th 1 Cattle 41.17 48.09 Livestock Census (In lakhs) 2 Buffalo 9.01 9.00 Total 50.18 57.09 17 th 18 th Census Percentage

Species Census 2007 increase / 2004 (Provisional) decrease 5. FODDER DEVELOPMENT The contribution of livestock to the economy Cattle 91.41 111.89 22 through its products like milk, egg, meat and hide is invaluable. To increase the quality and quantity Buffalo 16.58 20.09 21 of these products, the livestock specially requires Sheep 55.94 79.91 43 good quality and quantity of green fodder. Goat 81.77 92.75 13 Increased milk production can be obtained through Horses and balanced feeding. 0.25 0.06 -76 Ponies The cost towards feed and fodder constitutes around 70% of the total production cost of Donkeys 0.26 0.05 -81 livestock. Both quantitatively and qualitatively, Pigs 3.21 2.84 -12 there exists a huge gap between the demand and Total 249.42 307.59 23 supply of green fodder. Moreover the green fodder Livestock is not available throughout the year and is Dogs 27.16 18.40 -32 restricted to selected areas and seasons. Rabbits 0.67 0.14 -79 Based on 2007 (Provisional) livestock Total 865.91 1281.08 48 census, the deficit of green fodder has been worked Poultry out as 42.60% to total demand. The availability of

7 8 dry fodder is sufficient during normal monsoon  Under State Fodder Development Scheme, it period. is proposed to minimise the fodder shortage The total grazing land available in the State and satisfy the feed requirement for the is 1.10 lakh hectares. The average cultivated area 60,000 milch cows and 28 lakhs Goats/ devoted to fodder production is only 3 per cent of Sheep to be distributed through the Hon' the total area cultivated. The area under fodder able Chief Minister's "Scheme for free production has not increased considerably in the distribution of Milch Cows and Goats / last few decades and our natural grazing lands and Sheep ". For this purpose, cultivation of high pastures are fast shrinking as a result of competing yielding fodder crops in 24,000 acres of demands for food under ever increasing population farmers' field, setting up of Fodder Seed pressure, urbanization and industrialization. The Fodder Production Units in Government / farmer`s preference for cash crops is one of the University Farms, utilization of water saving reasons for non increase of area under fodder devices, better utilization of nutrients in feed production. Thus, the plausible alternative is to and fodder by providing subsidized power search for the possibilities of growing fodder with driven Chaff cutters, Grass cutters and Tamil increased bio- mass yield with more nutritive value. Nadu Veterinary Animal Sciences University - Livestock population mostly subsists on GRAND supplement and by providing training vegetation of natural grasslands where grasses are / Information, Education and Communication cheap sources of forage. Crop residues, straw and (IEC) Campaign on fodder production and dry grasses form the basal roughage for feeding utilization are the works to be livestock, which are poor in quality being deficient carried out with a financial outlay of in protein, energy and minerals. Therefore, Rs.20.00 crores. supplementation of green fodder become essential  Under Centrally Sponsored Feed and Fodder for the successful exploitation of this sector as this Development Scheme, fodder development forms the source of various nutritive elements of in farmers' land will be carried out with a energy and protein levels for livestock production. financial outlay of Rs.64.00 lakhs. In which During the year 2011-12, following fodder a sum of Rs.2500/- per unit of 0.25 acres development activities are to be taken up: will be distributed to farmers as 100%

9 10 subsidy to take up fodder cultivation with Table 3: Location of Departmental Farms Cumbu Napier Hybrid and Desmanthes to across the State ensure balanced feeding. Total  Under Central and State Shared Scheme Sl. Name of the Area Location (75:25), 541 number of hand operated and No Farm (in 200 numbers of power driven chaff cutters acres) will be distributed at a total cost of Exotic Cattle Eachenkottai, 1 1338.36 Rs.57.00 lakhs. Breeding Farm District Livestock Hosur, 2 1641.41 Farm 6. DEPARTMENTAL FARMS District Livestock Abishekapatti, 3 1283.64 Farm District Livestock Udhagamandalam, There are eight Livestock Farms and three 4 129.38 Farm The Sheep / Goat Farms in the department. In addition District Livestock Pudukottai, 5 959.31 to these, one Fodder Farm and one Poultry Farm Farm Pudukottai district are also being maintained. The farms are District Livestock Orathanad, 6 196.34 maintained for selective scientific breeding of Farm Thanjavur district District Livestock Chettinad, 7 1907.32 specific species of livestock and serve as Farm Sivagangai district demonstration farms and training centres for Korukkai, 8 Livestock Farm 495.68 farmers. Moreover, they function as a source for Thiruvarur district Chinnasalem, quality livestock to the farmers. The location of 9 Sheep Farm 1866.28 Villupuram district farms is as follows: Mukundarayapuram, 10 Sheep Farm 479.65 district Sathur, 11 Sheep Farm 542.48

Kattupakkam, 12 Poultry Farm 10.55 Kancheepuram district Padappai, 13 Fodder farm 17.00 Kancheepuram district

11 12 7. CATTLE AND BUFFALO DEVELOPMENT Table 4: Cattle and Buffalo breeds in Departmental Farms As per 18 th Census (Provisional), the cattle population of 111.89 lakhs accounts for 36.38% of S. Name of the Cattle / Buffalo Stock total livestock (307.59 lakhs) in the State. Cattle No Farm comprises 84.78% of the total bovines (131.98 Jersey, Cross bred Jersey, Exotic Cattle Breeding 108 1 Umbalachery lakhs) reared in the State. The exotic, crossbred, Farm, Eachenkottai native pure, non-descriptive and other graded Murrah 43 Jersey , Crossbred Jersey, cattle account for 3.03%, 62.95%, 6.44%, 25.20%, Crossbred Holstein District Livestock Farm, and 2.38% respectively. Buffalo comprises 15.22% 2 Friesian, Red Sindhi, 622 Hosur of the total bovine population and 6.53% of the , Burgur, Pulikulam total livestock in the State. District Livestock Farm, Native animals have low production traits but 3 Murrah 89 Abishekapatti, higher disease and thermal resistant traits whereas Jersey, Cross bred Jersey, the exotic breeds have higher production but lower District Livestock Farm, 4 Holstein Friesian, Holstein 99 resistant traits. Therefore, appropriate blood level Udhagamandalam Friesian Cross crossing is derived and crossbreeding is being District Livestock Farm Jersey Cross, Holstein carried out. 5 192 Pudukottai, Friesian Cross The following Cattle and Buffalo breeds are maintained in the Departmental farms as on District Livestock Farm Kangayam 6 6 Orathanadu, 31.03.2011. Murrah 115

District Livestock Farm Jersey Cross, Holstein 7 Chettinad, 316 Friesian Cross, Tharparkar,

Livestock Farm, 8 Umbalachery 285 Korukkai,

Cattle 1,628 Total Murrah 247

13 14 8. PRODUCTION OF FROZEN SEMEN Table 5: Number of Breeding Bulls available in the Farms

For genetic upgradation of bovine population and to create availability of quality frozen semen, Sl. Frozen Semen Production Stations are functioning Name of the Farm No. HF Total Total Cross Cross at Exotic Cattle Breeding Farm, Eachenkottai, Jersey Jersey Murrah Murrah HF Cross Cross HF Kangeyam District Livestock Farm, Hosur and District Livestock Sindhi Red Umbalachery Farm, Udhagamandalam. The Minimum Standard Exotic Cattle Breeding 1 25 45 0 0 0 0 1 43 114 Protocol (MSP) guidelines prescribed by the Farm, Eachenkottai District Livestock are strictly adhered to in these 2 0 20 0 0 14 7 0 0 41 Farm, Hosur Frozen Semen Production Stations to ensure District Livestock production of quality semen. The Frozen Semen 3 Farm, 16 2 5 1 0 0 0 0 24 Production Station at District Livestock Farm, Udhagamandalam

Udhagamandalam is upgraded to ISO Standards Total 41 67 5 1 14 7 1 43 179 with effect from 14.01.2011.

A total number of 179 breeding bulls of Table 6: Frozen Semen Production across Jersey, Holstein Friesian, Crossbred Jersey, Departmental Farms Crossbred Holstein Friesian, Sindhi, Kangeyam, (In lakhs) Umbalachery and Murrah are available in these Proposed Farms and mini straws are produced in all the Sl. Frozen Semen Production target Frozen Semen Production Stations. 165 breeding No Station 2010-11 2011-12 bulls which were not upto the Minimum Standard Exotic Cattle Breeding Farm, 1 14.03 14.50 Protocol were culled to improve the quality of the Eachenkottai Frozen Semen Straws produced in the above farms. District Livestock Farm, 2 10.49 12.00 23 bulls were purchased. Hosur District Livestock Farm, 3 9.37 10.50 Udhagamandalam

Total 33.89 37.00

15 16 9. PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY OF LIQUID Table 7: Liquid Nitrogen Production in NITROGEN Departmental Farms (In lakh litres)

Sl. No. of Production The semen straws are frozen and kept in Liquid Nitrogen Plants No Plants 2010-11 the frozen state in the medium of Liquid Nitrogen Exotic Cattle Breeding 1 2 0.55 which has a temperature of –196 0 C. Liquid Farm, Eachenkottai District Livestock Farm, 2 1 0.04 nitrogen plants are functioning at Eachenkottai, Hosur District Livestock Farm, 3 1 0.03 Hosur, Uthagamandalam and Saidapet producing Udhagamandalam liquid nitrogen. Moreover, to store and distribute 4 Saidapet 1 0.05 the liquid nitrogen and frozen semen straws to Total 5 0.67 various veterinary institutions and sub centres involved in artificial insemination, 12 Frozen 10. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION Semen Banks are functioning, one each at Artificial Insemination was introduced in , Salem, Dharmapuri, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu as early as 1948 to increase the , Sivagangai, Tirunelveli, Tiruchirapalli, productivity of Indigenous cattle. However, it was Thanjavur, , Vellore and Chennai. implemented on a large scale during 1960s through the Intensive Cattle Development Project and gained further momentum after the introduction of

frozen semen in 1993. Animal Husbandry Department is procuring high quality Frozen Semen Straws with high yielding germplasm through Tamil

Nadu Livestock Development Agency (TNLDA) to improve the milk production potential of breedable animals and for faster multiplication of genetically superior milk production traits in the State.

17 18 Currently, the cross breeding programme for Table 8: Population of Native Breeds of genetic improvement of cattle is being implemented Bovines in Tamil Nadu through a network of 3,358 AI centres functioning throughout the State. Apart from the above Sl. No Breed Population institutions, this work is also being carried out in 1 Kange yam 3,14,817 the camps organized for this purpose, under 2 Umbalachery 2,17,193 "Kalnadai Padhukappu Thittam" and in remote 3 Pulikulam 34,191 villages, through mobile veterinary units, by private 4 Alambadi 31,874 Artificial Insemination workers trained by Tamil 5 Burghur 20,879 Nadu Livestock Development Agency and by 6 Toda 50,404 utilising the services of unemployed veterinary Total 6,69,358 graduates under World Bank assisted Tamil Nadu

Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water- Native breeds are unique in their adaptation bodies Restoration and Management Project. During to agro-climatic conditions of their habitat and 2011-12, it has been planned to carry out management practices. The Native pure livestock 45.15 lakh artificial inseminations. populations possess valuable traits such as disease

resistance, high fertility, good maternal quality, 11. CONSERVATION OF NATIVE BREEDS longevity and possess unique ability to utilise poor

quality feed and can adopt in harsh and intricate Tamil Nadu is known for its native breeds climate. like Kangeyam, Umbalachery, Burghur, Pulikulam, The department, in close coordination with Alambadi and Toda buffalo. The Native pure breed Tamil Nadu Livestock Development Agency, is not (6.69 lakhs) accounts for 5.07% of the total Bovine only protecting the native breeds from further population (131.98 lakhs). degradation but also ensure their conservation and

improvement. The department is maintaining one

Umbalachery and seven Kangeyam breeding bulls

for frozen semen collection. During 2011-12, it has

19 20 been planned to carry out 1.60 lakh artificial sheep and goats by periodical deworming, insemination utilizing the semen of native breeds. vaccination and treatment in all veterinary institutions, Kalnadai Padhukappu Thittam camps 12. DEVELOPMENT OF SHEEP AND GOAT and under Assistance to States for Control of Animal Diseases programme. Small animal rearing is a primary source of In addition, the following sheep and goat livelihood for poor people and a significant breeds are maintained in the Departmental farms contribution to animal protein is being met through as on 31.03.2011. meat. Goat is accepted as the “Poor man’s cow” because it acts as the shock absorber in the Table 9: Sheep / Goat Strength in scarcity period and fulfill the desired need. Departmental Farms Considering the ever increasing demand for mutton Sl. Farms Sheep Stock Goat Stock / chevon even at a high cost, sheep and goat No. District Mandya, Kodivalli, rearing is considered to be a highly remunerative 1 Livestock Corridale 281 103 Jamunapari occupation of the rural mass. Besides providing Farm, Hosur cross, District meat for human consumption and skin for leather Livestock 2 - - Jamunapari 41 industry, income is also derived through penning Farm, Chettinad which is very common practice followed to fertilize District Livestock Ramnad 3 230 Jamunapari 95 the fields. Farm, White During the last two census periods, sheep Pudukottai District and goat population has increased by 43% and Livestock 4 Kilakarisal 251 - - 13% respectively. Tamil Nadu has sheep breeds Farm, Abishegapatti like Kilakarisal, Ramnad white, Vembur, Mecheri, Sheep Farm, Kanni, 5 Vembur 111 96 Chennai red, Trichy black, Coimbatore and Nilgiris Sathur Kodivalli Mechery, Sheep Farm, and goat breeds like Kanni adu, Kodi adu and 6 Chennai 993 Telichery 90 Chinnasalem Salem black. red, Utmost care is given to prevent economic Total 1,866 425 loss to the farmers by mortality and morbidity of

21 22 Quality progeny produced in the above farms Table 10: Piggery Stock in Departmental Farms are sold to local farmers to improve the progeny of Sl. Farms Breed Stock local sheep and goats. No District Livestock Large White 1 109 13. INTENSIVE HEALTH COVER SCHEME Farm, Hosur Yorkshire District Livestock Large White Farm, Yorkshire, Sheep and goats are reared mainly by 2 Abishekapatti Large White 263 grazing thus making them highly vulnerable to Yorkshire Cross, parasitic infestations. These infestations cause Landrace many health problems in them like weight loss, District Livestock Large White 3 86 delayed maturity, high mortality rate, low fertility Farm, Chettinad Yorkshire rate etc., apart from making them susceptible to District Livestock 4 Landrace 51 other infections. To overcome the above Farm, Pudukottai deleterious effects, the department is implementing Total 509 an Intensive Health Cover Programme since 1982-

83. Under this Programme, the sheep and goat As on 31.03.2011, there are 39 boars, 170 maintained by farmers are dewormed periodically sows and 300 young ones in the above units. to overcome the problems due to parasites.

15. HORSE BREEDING 14. PIGGERY DEVELOPMENT

Pig farming has an important role in One horse-breeding unit is functioning at improving the socio-economic status of sizeable District Livestock Farm, Hosur to revive the population of the weaker sections of the society. breeding and to conserve the equine species. The following are the pig breeds maintained Kathiawar, Thorough bred and Cross bred horses in the Departmental farms as on 31.03.2011: are bred in this Unit. The stallions viz., Kathiawar

and Thorough bred are allowed for natural service.

23 24 At present, 6 stallions, 8 mares and 5 young ones 17. POULTRY DEVELOPMENT are maintained in this Unit. According to Livestock Census 2007, there 16. DOG BREEDING are 268.80 lakhs Backyard poultry and 1012.28 To preserve native breeds such as lakhs Commercial poultry, with a total of 1281.08 Rajapalayam, Kombai and Chippiparai, a dog lakhs of poultry population in the State. There are 8 breeding unit was started at Saidapet, Chennai Poultry Extension Centres and two Poultry Disease during 1980-81. As there is a demand for other Diagnostic Laboratories functioning for the poultry breeds like Labrador, Doberman and Rottweilar, development activities. Poultry Extension Centres these breeds were added to this unit during the are the model farms for the farmers to know about year 1997-98. Puppies are sold to the public who scientific ways of breeding and management. desire to rear them. Poultry keeping is no longer limited to backyard At present, the following breeds are farming. It has attained the status of industry and maintained in this unit: is more sustainable in many places in the districts of , Salem, Erode and Coimbatore. These Table 11: Dog Breeds in birds are very susceptible to the highly fatal Dog Breeding Unit, Saidapet Ranikhet disease. To protect the poultry from this Sl. Adult disease, the department is providing vaccination Breeds No Male Female against this disease on specified days at the 1 Rajapalayam 3 12 veterinary institutions and sub centres every week 2 Chippiparai 1 1 and also in the camps conducted under `Kalnadai Padukappu Thittam'. Apart from this, the 3 Doberman 1 2 department also conducts a Statewide Two Weeks 4 Labrador 1 3 Vaccination drive against Ranikhet disease during 5 Dalmatian 1 1 the month of February every year. 6 Rottweilar 1 2 Poultry keeping has evinced great interest Total 8 21 among poultry farmers which has resulted in increased egg production placing Tamil Nadu in

25 26 second place in the country. Backyard Poultry eggs 18. TURKEY REARING contribute to 3.35% of the total egg production in the State. There is a good potential for export of As per the 18 th Livestock Census, Tamil Nadu eggs, egg products and frozen chicken meat from has 0.47 lakh of turkey in which the turkey in rural our State to Gulf countries, Russia etc. and urban area is 0.39 and 0.08 lakhs respectively. With the aim of creating awareness on turkey Table 12: Poultry Stock maintained in rearing as one of the profitable backyard Livestock Farms businesses and to popularize it as rural farming and Sl. to create self-employment, the department is Location Breeds maintained No maintaining turkey Units at the Poultry Farm, District Livestock 1 Giriraja Kattupakkam. Farm, Hosur District Livestock 2 Vanaraja 19. AVIAN INFLUENZA Farm, Abishekapatti

District Livestock 3 Giriraja Avian Influenza is one of the important Farm, Orathanad zoonotic diseases primarily affecting poultry. The District Livestock 4 Giriraja strain H5N1 virus is transmissible to human beings. Farm, Chettinadu Though the disease has not been reported in the Poultry Farm, Vanaraja, Giriraja, 5 State, the preventive and precautionary measures Kattupakkam White Leghorn, Turkey have been taken by the department after the Poultry Extension 6 Giriraja outbreak in Northern States. Bird Flu training is Centre, Masinagudi provided to Veterinarians, Para Veterinarians, Poultry Extension 7 Giriraja, Vanaraja Animal Husbandry Assistants and other Department Centre, staff for Rapid Response Team. Poultry Extension Giriraja, White 8 Centre, Leghorn Gandhigramam.

27 28 20. SCHEME ACTIVITIES Special camps are conducted at the rate of one camp per month in all the 385 Panchayat Livestock rearing is an important economic Unions at a cost of Rs.4200/- per camp. In these activity for the rural people. It generates more camps, various activities like health care, disease value both economically and socially. To provide prevention, deworming, castration, artificial opportunities to weaker section of the society for insemination, pregnancy verification, infertility earning through livestock and poultry keeping, the treatment etc. are carried out free of cost. In the department is implementing various free and calf-rally, prizes worth of Rs.400/- per camp are beneficiary oriented schemes with incentives. being distributed to best calves. The above camps are conducted under the 20.1 STATE SPONSORED SCHEMES direct supervision of the Divisional Assistant Directors and monitored by the concerned Regional 20.1.1 KALNADAI PADHUKAPPU THITTAM Joint Directors. A team of Veterinarians and Para- To provide comprehensive animal health Veterinarians working in the Panchayat Union and care at the doorstep of the farmers, a novel nearby Panchayat Unions is drafted for conducting Scheme “Kalnadai Padhukappu Thittam” is being the camps. The services of Tamil Nadu Veterinary implemented from 2000-01. Total health cover and Animal Sciences University are also utilised in both preventive and curative is provided to needy places. In addition, exhibitions depicting livestock and poultry reared by farmers by various livestock diseases and preventive conducting special camps in remote villages where measures, fodder development measures etc. are veterinary facilities are inadequate. During 2011- conducted for creating awareness among the 12, 5,500 camps will be conducted at a cost of 2.31 farmers. crores. Under this Scheme, on the day prior to the All animal growers in the villages and nearby camp, ample publicity is given in the village and villages where the camps are conducted will surrounding places informing the place where the continue to be benefited out of these camps. Since camp is to be conducted. Pamphlets and leaflets are all the services are provided at the farmers' also distributed regarding the various services doorsteps free of cost, this Scheme is very popular provided during the camp. among the rural farming community.

29 30 . 20.1.2 PART II SCHEMES Table 13: YEARWISE CAMPS CONDUCTED ACROSS THE STATE 1. Haeme Analyser with one kit for each

unit at a total cost of Rs.30.00 lakhs to Animal Animals No. of Outlay Disease Intelligence Units at Tiruchirapalli, Sl. Benefited Year Camps (Rs. in No. (In Dindigul, Dharmapuri, Kancheepuram, Conducted lakhs) lakhs) Virudhunagar and Cuddalore are being supplied by 2001- Tamil Nadu Medical Services Corporation Ltd, 1 4,613 55.57 231.00 02 Chennai. 2002- 2 4,812 58.14 214.00 2. Uriscan with one kit for each unit at a 03 total cost of Rs.3.00 lakhs to Animal Disease 2003- 3 4,812 55.63 178.04 04 Intelligence Units at Tiruchirapalli, Dindigul, 2004- Dharmapuri, Kancheepuram, Virudhunagar and 4 5,005 54.21 185.18 05 Cuddalore are being supplied by Tamil Nadu 2005- 5 5,005 58.19 185.18 Medical Services Corporation Ltd, Chennai. 06 3. Veterinary Institutions, Clinician Centres 2006- 6 2,695 37.44 113.19 07 and Institute of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, 2007- Ranipet are provided with a total of 87 computers 7 5,500 67.00 231.00 08 at a cost of Rs.39.15 lakhs, for networking the 2008- 8 5,500 64.03 231.00 offices of Animal Husbandry Department through 09 server and client computers. 2009- 9 5,500 67.60 231.00 10 4. 144 upgraded Veterinary Sub centres 2010- and 56 Veterinary Sub centres are provided with 10 5,500 65.39 231.00 11 furniture at a cost of Rs.28.00 lakhs.

31 32 20.2 WORLD BANK ASSISTED PROJECTS  8,196 hectares of private lands have been brought under fodder cultivation by providing 20.2. 1 TAMIL NADU IRRIGATED AGRICULTURAL fodder inputs like Co3 slips, fodder maize, MODERNIZATION AND WATER – fodder cholam and kollukattai/ Stylo grass BODIES RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT (TNIAMWARM PROJECT) seeds to the farmers free of cost.  148 demos on Azolla cultivation have been Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agricultural conducted. Modernization and water-bodies Restoration and  3,842 Fertility cum veterinary health care Management Project is being implemented at a cost camps have been conducted. of Rs.2,547 crores integrating 8 Departments from  2,964 Farmers interactive meetings / Night 2007 to 2013 for a period of 6 years with the meetings have been conducted. assistance of the World Bank. The prime objective  13.66 lakhs sheep and goat have been is to increase the income of farmers by improving dewormed periodically free of cost. the utilization of each and every unit of water  31,625 Farmers have been provided three resources in agriculture and related activities. For days training on best animal husbandry the entire project period, a sum of Rs.39.30 crores practices. has been allotted to carry out animal husbandry  450 Veterinarians in the sub basins have activities. been provided 10 days refresher training. Since the inception of the project to March 2011, in the Phase-I nine sub basins, Phase-II During 2011-12, it has been planned to fifteen sub basins and Phase-III twenty sub basins, conduct the following activities in the Phase-I nine the following activities have been carried out at a sub basins, Phase-II fifteen sub basins, Phase-III total cost of Rs.15.38 crores. twenty sub basins and Phase IV five sub basins at a  70 Cluster Sub basin Veterinary Units have total cost of Rs.11.26 crores. been established.  Continuation of the operation of 70 Cluster  8.25 lakhs artificial insemination have been Sub basin Veterinary Units already done free of cost. established under the project.

33 34  Performing 4.84 lakhs artificial inseminations 20.3 CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES by utilizing the services of Cluster Sub basin Veterinary Units Veterinarians, Department 20.3.1 RURAL BACKYARD POULTRY Veterinarians and Para Veterinarians in the DEVELOPMENT

project area. Under Rural Backyard Poultry Development  Fodder development by bringing 2,715 Scheme, Rs.46.50 lakhs was sanctioned for hectares of private lands under fodder establishment of 7 mother units and one mother cultivation by providing fodder inputs like unit demonstration farm to supply 4 week old Co3/Co4 slips, fodder maize, fodder cholam, chicks to 2,100 beneficiaries during 2011-12 with desmanthus, agathi, Cow pea, kollukattai the help of NABARD. and Stylo grass seeds to the farmers free of

cost, distribution of 189 chaff cutters with 20.3.2 HILL AREA DEVELOPMENT 75% subsidy and conducting 843 Azolla PROGRAMME (HADP) cultivation demos.  Conducting various outreach programmes The Hill Area Development Programme is like 1,793 Fertility cum Veterinary health being implemented in the Nilgiris District since care camps, 4,779 follow up visits, 1975. The Union Planning Commission, Government distribution of mineral mixture to 15,725 of India sanctioned Rs.7.00 lakhs for implementing animals and mineral licks to 17,450 animals, Schemes in Animal Husbandry sector under Hill  Oestrus Synchronization in 4,290 bovines, Area Development Programme. Under this periodical deworming in 1.43 lakh heifer Programme, supply of hand operated milking calves and 4.34 lakh sheep and goats. machine to 40 farmers groups and supply of  Improving the human resource in the project Giriraja birds to 1000 farmers at 25% subsidy are area by providing three days training on best the works carried out. animal husbandry practices to 15,750 farmers, 61 Exposure visit to 3,050 farmers and refresher training to 119 Veterinarians.

35 36 20.3.3 NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT are proposed at a total cost of Rs. 26.11 crores PROGRAMME (NADP) from May 2011 onwards.

 Conducting oestrous synchronization in This Scheme aims at 4% growth in 50,000 animals at a total cost of Rs.3.79 agriculture and allied sectors during the 11th plan crores. period by ensuring a holistic development.  LN2 plant installation at Exotic Cattle Under National Agricultural Development Breeding Farm, Eachenkottai at a cost of Programme, the Government have sanctioned Rs.5.50 crores. Rs.5.60 crores to carry out the following works:  Revamping of Mukundarayapuram Sheep  augmenting fodder production through Farm with 525 sheep, at a total cost of Padappai farm at Kancheepuram district, Rs.86.00 lakhs.  development of small ruminants(goats) in  Augmentation of fodder in District Livestock 90 blocks of 7 districts with feed cost and Farm, Udhagamandalam at a cost of insurance cost at 50% subsidy, Rs.4.31 lakhs.  supply of mineral mixture to animals,  Upgradation of Institute of Veterinary  manufacturing of complete feed block using Preventive Medicine, Ranipet to GMP local unconventional feedstuff, standards, at a total cost of Rs.7.52 crores.  augmenting fodder production through  Establishment of mother unit cum hatchery development of 10 acres of grazing land in unit at TAPCO lands at Arasur (Thirupur dist) Pudukottai district , and Kappalur (Madurai dist) at a total cost of  enhancement of fertility in cows through Rs.4.76 crores. oestrous synchronization in 6 districts, and  1,925 units of buffalo rearing through  replacement of vehicles for 22 Mobile farmers at a total cost of Rs.3.55 crores. Veterinary Units.  200 units azolla cultivation through farmers

at a total cost of Rs.2.44 lakhs, and During 2011-12, under National Agricultural  Provision of 10 automatic milking machines Development Programme, the following activities for District Livestock Farms at a total cost of Rs.6.00 lakhs.

37 38 20.3.4 NATIONAL MISSION FOR PROTEIN feed, equipment and insurance. Gainful SUPPLEMENTATION (NMPS). employment will be generated and self

sustainability of farmers can be achieved. In the context of ensuring year round availability of animal protein for consumers and to 20.3.5 ACCELERATED FODDER DEVELOPMENT maximise economic returns to farmers it is PROGRAMME proposed to promote intensive goat production. In this scheme 60 beneficiaries will be  Production of Breeder / Foundation seed and provided with 100 goats each. They will also be Demonstration at Tamil Nadu Agricultural provided with funds for construction of sheds, University and District Livestock Farm, concentrate feed for 2 months, equipments and Chettinadu at Rs. 50 lakhs each at a total training in goat rearing and silage making. The cost of Rs.1 crore. total cost of the project is 1.55 crores. To improve  Provision of hand operated chaff cutters at a the productivity of goats under conventional small total cost of Rs.50.00 lakhs. holder / pastoral system, it is proposed to give  Establishing silage making unit comprising concentrate feed at 250 gm/day for 2 months silo pit and power driven chaff cutters at a for 40,000 goats in 20 clusters. The estimated cost total cost of Rs.1.05 crores. of the project is Rs.94.00 lakhs.  Cultivation of high yielding fodder crops in With a view to securing food and nutritional farmers’ field at a total cost of security for a fast growing population, an integrated Rs.9.248 crores. approach to livestock farming is now practiced. 20.3.6 NATIONAL PROJECT ON RINDERPEST With a view to increase animal protein availability ERADICATION (NPRE) for farmers and to maximise economic returns to The aim of this 100% Centrally Sponsored them it has been proposed to set up a nuclear Scheme is to eradicate Rinderpest disease, which piggery farm at Abishegapatti, Tirunelveli district at causes great economic loss to the farmers. The a cost of 2.84 crores. 10 satellite piggery units will Scheme is being implemented from the year 1992 be formed at a cost of Rs.40.97 lakhs. The satellite in Tamil Nadu as a part of Global Rinderpest units will be supported with superior quality piglets, Eradication Programme as per the guidelines given

39 40 by NPRE, New Delhi. The objectives of the Scheme have been completed. One lakh cattle are is to control and eradicate Rinderpest Disease from benefited by this Scheme in the project area. our State and Country by adopting Zero Rinderpest Vaccination and Sero Monitoring followed by Clinical 20.3.8 EXTENDED FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE Surveillance from 01.01.98 to till date and Sero CONTROL PROGRAMME

Surveillance to identify any hidden foci of Extended Foot and Mouth Disease Control Rinderpest infection. At present, Clinical Programme is a Government of India Scheme Surveillance and Sero Surveillance activities are implemented in all districts of Tamil Nadu excluding going on as per NPRE guidelines. The State was Kanniyakumari district. Government of India declared “Provisionally free from Rinderpest” from sanctioned Rs.1.05 crores towards expenditure on March 1998 onwards. Again the State was declared logistic support for carrying out Food and Mouth “Free from Rinderpest Disease” from May 2002. Disease vaccine. During 2011-12, all the Districts During 2011-12, for the continuous Clinical will be covered under this Scheme. Surveillance Programme, action plan has been sent to Government of India for Rs.32.00 lakhs.

20.3.9 NATIONAL ANIMAL DISEASE 20.3.7 FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE CONTROL REPORTING SYSTEM (NADRS) PROGRAMME

Prompt reporting of any epidemic is essential To prevent economic losses due to Foot and not only for undertaking immediate control Mouth Disease and to develop herd immunity in measures to prevent the further spread of the cloven-footed animals, Foot and Mouth Disease disease, but also for formulating long term disease Control Programme (FMD-CP) is implemented only control strategy in the country or region. Recording in Kanniyakumari District. Systematic coverage of the incidence of diseases is essential for estimating Foot and Mouth Disease vaccination in all the economic loss, conducting risk analysis and also susceptible livestock in this project area based on for obtaining disease free status of the country. Government of India guidelines is being carried out. Under this Scheme, it is proposed to 11 rounds of Foot and Mouth disease vaccination introduce an online disease reporting system in the

41 42 country in the form of National Animal Disease machine and publication of monthly disease Reporting System (NADRS). In the proposed bulletin. system, a dedicated computer network will be established linking each Block of the District to the 20.3.10 NATIONAL CONTROL PROGRAMME OF District head quarter, each District of the State to PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS (NCP PPR) the State headquarter, and each State to the

Country’s Central Unit. The information available at Peste des Petits Ruminant (PPR) is an the Block level would be electronically transmitted important viral disease, primarily of sheep and to the District veterinary office as well as the State goats showing the same symptoms as that of office. Finally from all the States the information Rinderpest. PPR infection is one of the causes for would be compiled and transmitted to the Centre at heavy losses in the rural economy due to high the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying. morbidity and mortality in sheep and goats. The computer linkages would reduce data Epidemics of PPR may have enormous transmission time as well as data compilation and consequences in terms of the drastic effects on report generation. livestock productivity and the high costs of control Under this Scheme, the following or eradication. In India stamping out by slaughter programmes have been started: is not feasible, both for economic and sentimental • 417 computers (Two at State Level, 30 at reasons. The only option left is to control the District Level and 385 at Block Level) were disease by vaccination so that the immediate loss supplied by National Informatics Centre could be prevented. To control this disease, (NIC). Government of India have sanctioned a total of Rs. • Nodal officers identified along with Contact 3.83 crores to our State. details and communicated to Govt. of India

and training is provided by NIC for 20.3.11 NATIONAL CONTROL PROGRAMME implementation. FOR BRUCELLOSIS (NCPB) • Government of India released Rs.5.00 lakh for the purchase of photo copier, fax To achieve the ultimate goal of ‘ Zero Incidence ’ of Brucellosis ’ in Tamil Nadu especially

43 44 in ‘Endemic areas’ by regular Screening and calf- and Namakkal districts besides the facilities like hood vaccination’, screening of farm animals in all livestock markets, slaughter houses, poultry farms Government Livestock Farms in Tamil Nadu at etc are being geo referenced using Geographical regular interval, elimination of Reactors’ and calf- Positioning System (GPS) and ARCGIS software. hood vaccination to achieve and maintain ‘Zero Besides these facilites, data on villages with history Incidence’ status of ‘Brucellosis’ and to strengthen of livestock diseases as well as villages where Mass the ‘production unit’ at I.V.P.M., Ranipet, to Contact Programmes are conducted etc are also manufacture more number of doses of Brucella being integrated. The above mentioned activities abortus Vaccine using of S19-Strain and are sure to help in taking decision regarding antigens/anti-serum to cater to the needs of locating new institutions selecting villages for ‘Brucellosis Control Programme’, the Government of conducting camps, integrating livestock census data India have sanctioned Rs.92.00 lakhs to Tamil etc., Nadu.

20.3.12 CAPACITY BUILDING FOR POVERTY 20.3.13 LIVESTOCK CENSUS REDUCTION SCHEME

Livestock Census is a 100% Centrally The department is implementing a pilot Sponsored Scheme. The census on Livestock, project on “Geo referencing of facilities and Poultry, Agriculture implements and Fisheries is monitoring of activities in four districts by conducted once in 5 years. developing an integrated Geographical Information The 18 th Quinquennial Livestock Census was System” with funds sourced from Government of conducted in this State with reference date India under ‘Capacity Building for Poverty 15.10.2007. The 18 th Census Quick results have Reduction’ Scheme. been published by the Government of India. The As per the scheme, all the veterinary data has been forwarded to the Regional Joint institutions located in Coimbatore, Erode, Salem Directors of Animal Husbandry for verification.

45 46 • 9 Districts for Sheep pox vaccination with 20.4 CENTRAL AND STATE SHARED 3.00 lakhs. SCHEMES

20.4.2 ESTABLISHMENT AND STRENGTHENING 20.4.1 ASSISTANCE TO STATES FOR CONTROL OF EXISTING VETERINARY HOSPITALS OF ANIMAL DISEASES (75:25) AND DISPENSARIES (ESVHD) (75:25)

Under this component, assistance is provided The Department has identified several to State Government for control of economically Veterinary institutions that urgently require new important diseases of livestock and poultry by way building and require repairs and renovations. of immunization, strengthening of existing State Government of India have sanctioned 1st Veterinary Biological Production Units, installment of Rs.6.72 crores as Central share and strengthening of existing State Disease Diagnostic Rs. 2.24 crores as State share for establishing 4 Laboratories, holding workshops/seminars and in- Veterinary Hospitals, 20 Veterinary Dispensaries service training to Veterinarians and Para- and Strengthening 16 Veterinary Hospitals, 74 veterinarians. The programme is being Veterinary Dispensaries during 2011-12 at a total implemented on 75:25 sharing basis between the cost of Rs.8.96 crores. Centre and the State; however, 100 % assistance is 20.4.3 ASSISTANCE TO STATE POULTRY provided for training and seminar/workshops. FARMS (80:20) The main aim of the programme is protecting livestock against endemic diseases. To improve the economic conditions and During 2011-12, it is proposed to cover the living standards of rural people by encouraging following vaccination target: them in poultry rearing, to create additional • 22 Districts for Anthrax vaccination with avocations, employment opportunities and 26.00 lakhs, supplement the income of marginal farmers, • 8 Districts for Black quarter vaccination with landless labourers, Self Help Groups and other 3.00 lakhs, socially backward sectors of the society and thereby • Kancheepuram District for Haemorrhagic improving their living standards, the department is septicemia vaccination with 5.00 lakhs, and implementing a Central and State share scheme

47 48 (80:20) at Poultry Farm, Kattupakkam. The Table 14 : Season wise estimated production of Government have sanctioned Rs.68.00 lakhs to Milk, Egg and Meat (Provisional) develop turkey units and a sum of Rs.34.00 lakhs Summer Rainy Winter Total was released as 1st Instalment in 2008-09. Item Season Season Season

Milk 20.4.4 INTEGRATED SAMPLE SURVEY SCHEME (Thousand 2099.885 2232.950 2084.301 6417.136 (50:50) tonnes) Egg From the year 1977, the Government of (Lakh 38351.774 39078.792 37706.597 115137.163 India provides grant in-aid to the State on 50:50 numbers) Meat sharing basis for the implementation of the (Thousand 139.915 145.176 139.196 424.287 Integrated Sample Survey Scheme, covering all the tonnes) Districts. The main objective of the scheme is to estimate the production of milk, egg, wool and 21. VETERINARY SERVICES meat and to study the Animal Husbandry attendant practices of livestock in the State. Animal health care services and prevention Since the livestock products have attained of animal diseases is a priority for maintenance of a much importance for the purpose of planning and healthy stock for optimum production. Protective are considered as one among the major economic and promotional activities of the Animal Husbandry indicators, this survey is continued as a regular Department are being undertaken through various feature. institutions such as, Veterinary Poly Clinics, The season wise estimated production of Clinician Centres, Veterinary Hospitals, Veterinary milk, egg and meat during the year 2010-11 is as Dispensaries, Mobile Veterinary Units, Upgraded follows: Veterinary Sub centres and Sub centres. 21.1 Veterinary Institutions

Veterinary Institutions have expanded from a humble beginning of around 120 institutions

49 50 during 1959-60 to 3,358 institutions during 2010- face difficulties to reach veterinary institutions. 11. At present, the veterinary institutions These Units go around their area of operation on a comprising 6 Polyclinics, 22 Clinician scheduled programme. The services provided by Centres, 139 Veterinary Hospitals headed by these Units are well recognized by the public as Assistant Directors, 1,207 Veterinary they provide benefits at the doorsteps of the Dispensaries and 55 Mobile Veterinary Units farmers. During the year 2010-11, 3.85 lakhs of manned by Veterinary Assistant Surgeons and 444 livestock were treated by these Units. Upgraded Veterinary Sub centres manned by Junior Veterinary Assistant Surgeons provide Veterinary 21.2 Sub Centres Services. Polyclinics are functioning in six Municipal Sub centres are manned by Livestock Corporations namely, Chennai, Madurai, Inspectors and provide first-aid to ailing animals Coimbatore, Tirunelveli, Salem and Tiruchirapalli. besides carrying out Artificial Insemination for cows They provide specialized services in Gynaecology, and buffaloes. They also conduct pregnancy Surgery, Medicine, X-ray and inpatient facilities, verification, livestock and poultry census apart from regular treatment. These institutions enumeration work in their Sub Centre area. Their also perform artificial insemination for improving services are also utilized for vaccination and the local cattle and buffaloes and also provide deworming under the technical guidance of health care through vaccination and deworming. Veterinary Assistant Surgeon. At present, 1,485 The problems of infertility are also taken care of by Sub Centres are functioning in various parts of the these institutions. To expand the veterinary health State. services, 200 Sub centres are upgraded as Upgraded Veterinary Sub centres. 21.3 DISEASE PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, Mobile Veterinary Units manned by CONTROL AND ERADICATION

Veterinary Assistant Surgeons provide veterinary As the adage goes “Prevention is better than health services namely, treatment, vaccination, cure”, this department is giving paramount deworming and breeding coverage to livestock importance to the prevention of diseases in reared by farmers residing in remote areas who

51 52 livestock and poultry. Outbreaks of diseases cause Project (AICRP) on Foot and Mouth Disease is under huge economic loss to the farming community. The operation in this Institute to undertake virus typing bacterial and viral diseases cause heavy morbidity and sero-monitoring of vaccinated animals under and mortality where as protozoan and gastro FMD Control Programme. intestinal parasitic diseases cause production losses. Control and eradication of many animal diseases is a must not only for profitable livestock Table 15: Vaccines and Diagnostics Produced in the production but also essential to make our livestock Institute of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ranipet Sl. 2011-12 and livestock products globally acceptable. Details No Target Systematic control of diseases will progressively Black Quarter vaccine 1. 5.00 lead to its containment first and eradication (in lakh doses) ultimately. Haemorrhagic Septicaemia 2. vaccine (Alum Precipitated) 6.00 (in lakh doses) A) DISEASE PREVENTION: Enterotoxaemia vaccine 3. 2.50 (in lakh doses) Institute of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Anthrax Spore vaccine Ranipet (IVPM) 4. 32.00 (in lakh doses) The Institute of Veterinary Preventive Ranikhet disease 'K' vaccine 5. 350.00 Medicine, Ranipet, is producing (in lakh doses) vaccines and other biological products required for Ranikhet disease 'F' vaccine As per 6. (in lakh doses) demand the protection of livestock and poultry. Duck Plague vaccine At present, the institute is producing 4 types 7. 85.0 (in lakh doses) of bacterial vaccines, 5 types of viral vaccines, 5 Ranikhet Lasota vaccine As per 8. diagnostic reagents, 9 pharmaceuticals and one (in lakh doses) demand diluent. In addition, Indian Council for Agriculture Sheep Pox vaccine As per 9. Research aided All India Coordinated Research (in lakh doses) demand

53 54 Sl. Ministry of Health, Government of India. The Drugs Details 2011-12 No Control & Licensing Authority, Government of India Brucella abortus plate antigen As per 10. (ml) demand has directed all the Veterinary Biologicals

Brucella abortus tube antigen As per Manufacturing Units in the country to adopt GMP 11 demand (ml) within a time frame. Brucella abortus milkring test As per As a first step, the Poultry Vaccine 12. antigen (ml) demand Production Laboratory is upgraded to GMP Salmonella pullorum coloured As per 13. standards under ASCAD Scheme. Whereas, the antigen (ml) demand laboratories meant for the manufacture of Bacterial California Mastitis test As per 14. reagent (ml) demand Vaccines (constructed 20 years back), do not As per satisfy the requirements of GMP Standards. Since, 15. PBS (lt) demand Bacterial Vaccines are supplied at free of cost to As per 16. Boric ointment (kg) demand vaccinate livestock of farmers of Tamil Nadu, the As per remaining Vaccine production laboratories and 17. Sulphur ointment (kg) demand Quality Control divisions of the Institute are to be As per 18. Zinc ointment (kg) demand upgraded to GMP Standards under National As per Agriculture Development Programme at a total cost 19. Whitefield ointment (kg) demand of Rs.7.52 crores. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) has B) DIAGNOSTIC SERVICES been given "Mandatory status to Veterinary Accurate disease diagnosis plays a key role Biologicals by suitable amendments to Schedule 'M' in strict monitoring and prevention of specific of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Rules, 1940" diseases. This department is monitoring the

55 56 disease situation in the State through a network of 20 Animal Disease Intelligence Units 20 Animal Disease Intelligence Units spread functioning in the State are as detailed below: throughout the State and 2 Poultry Disease Diagnostic Laboratories in the poultry belts one at Andagalurgate () and another at Erode which are functioning under the technical guidance of Central Referral Laboratory, Saidapet, Chennai. The details are as under:

(I) ANIMAL DISEASE INTELLIGENCE UNITS Table 16: Details of Animal Disease Intelligence Units in the State They play a major role in developing a Animal Disease system of disease monitoring and surveillance of all S. Intelligence Districts covered No important livestock and poultry diseases in the Unit State. This in turn helps in evolving strategic 1 Coimbatore Coimbatore, 2 Cuddalore Cuddalore control measures. They map out the disease prone 3 Dindigul Dindigul areas by collecting epidemiological information and 4 Erode Erode Chennai, data. Based on their advisories, the field 5 Kancheepuram Kancheepuram, veterinarians take adequate protective and Tiruvallur 6 Karur prophylactic measures well in advance. In addition, 7 Krishnagiri Krishnagiri in disease outbreaks, they render technical 8 Madurai Madurai, Theni 9 Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur assistance to field staff in diagnosis and control of 10 Salem Salem, Namakkal Sivagangai, diseases. 11 Sivagangai Ramanathapuram 12 Thanjavur Thanjavur, Pudukottai 13 Thoothukudi

57 58 Tiruchirapalli, Now, Government of India has decided to set 14 Tiruchirapalli Perambalur, Ariyalur up BSL II laboratories in each State to screen and 15 Tirunelveli Tirunelveli, Kanyakumari dispatch morbid samples as part of routine 16 Udhagamandalam Udhagamandalam 17 Vellore Vell ore, Thiruvannamalai surveillance and samples collected from unusual 18 Villupuram Villupuram mortality of poultry. The two Poultry Disease 19 Virudhunagar Virudhunagar Diagnostic Laboratories are being upgraded as BSL 20 Dharmapuri Dharmapuri II labs in our State. The upgraded labs will also test serum samples as preliminary screening for Apart from disease forecasting, attending to Bird flu virus and forward the positive samples to outbreaks, disease diagnosis conducting awareness Referral Laboratories for further confirmation. camps and collection of serum samples from poultry for screening avian influenza, the Animal

Disease Intelligence Units are keeping vigil on the (III) CENTRAL REFERRAL LABORATORY movement of the migratory birds around Bird

Sanctuaries and Water bodies and watch for any One Central Referral Laboratory is alarming deaths among birds to observe for functioning at Polyclinic Campus, Saidapet, Chennai incidence of Avian Influenza. to co-ordinate the work of Animal Disease

Intelligence Units and Poultry Disease Diagnostic (II) POULTRY DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY Laboratories and to help the field staff in diagnosis and allied activities. The timely diagnosis and The Poultry Disease Diagnostic Laboratories confirmation of the diseases helps in containment of are mainly involved in conducting post-mortem, the disease and protecting other animals by prompt testing of droppings, blood samples and other treatment and vaccination. specimens for accurate diagnosis of poultry This laboratory also deals with testing of diseases. In addition, they render technical advice export materials from animal origin and issuing of to farmers for diagnosis, prevention and control of health certificates. This year 107 export certificates various infectious and parasitic diseases. were issued. This laboratory plays a vital role in creating awareness among poultry farmers about

59 60 Avian Influenza and trains field veterinarians and Zoonotic diseases have emerged as a major para veterinarians and Rapid Response Teams to public health concern in the modern era. With act in case of emergency. majority of the population living in rural areas and the farming system depending on livestock, the C) DISEASE CONTROL AND ERADICATION responsibility of animal health services in surveillance, prevention, control and possible Control and eradication of many animal eradication of zoonotic diseases are matter of great diseases is a must not only for profitable livestock importance. Some of the services related to these production but also essential to make our livestock aspects are detailed below: and livestock products globally acceptable. Presence of contagious diseases prevents our country in fully exploiting the international export market, as our livestock and livestock products 22.1 CANINE RABIES CONTROL PROGRAMME should comply with the zoo-sanitary specification and standards prescribed by the Office International Rabies is one of the important zoonotic Epizootics (OIE) to freely enter and compete in diseases affecting mankind since time immemorial. world markets. Dogs play a major role in transmission of the The timely and regular prophylactic disease to livestock. Vaccination against rabies and vaccination of susceptible animals in the endemic pet hygiene is of immense importance in controlling areas has reduced the disease outbreaks in the this disease. With this aim, Canine Rabies Control State. Now, with the eradication of Rinderpest and Programme Units are functioning at Madurai and containment of bacterial and viral diseases and Tirunelveli. The activities carried out by the units several other steps taken, the State is steadily are: moving towards the goal of freedom from major  Systematic, periodical door-to-door animal diseases. prophylactic vaccination to pet dogs against rabies after collecting the cost of vaccine 22. VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH only.

61 62  Post exposure vaccination of all livestock pollution, it is necessary that meat inspection work including dogs free of cost. by competent veterinarians has all the more  Creation of awareness among the public attained a special significance. By this, the about the serious impact of this disease, chance of getting meat borne diseases like through publicity and propaganda by taeniasis, trichinosis and hydatidosis in meat distributing pamphlets and handbills and by consumers is almost eliminated. conducting dog shows. 23. EXTENSION SERVICES 22.2 MASS VACCINATION AND DEWORMING The department is also involving itself in Deworming and routine vaccination will conducting exhibitions at various places during local considerably reduce the disease incidence. The festivals, fairs and other occasions to educate the department is conducting regular vaccination and public on the latest developments in animal periodical deworming of livestock and poultry husbandry activities and on veterinary public reared in the State. Therefore, spreading of health. Every year, the department also zoonotic diseases like Anthrax, Brucellosis, participates in the All India Tourist and Trade Fair Taeniasis, Strongylosis, Amphistomiasis etc., is conducted at Chennai and also in the Co-operative greatly reduced, besides breaking the life cycle of Week Celebrations. Latest information to farmers parasites for which the human beings act as is carried through mass media like Television, All permanent or intermediate host. India Radio and the Press. In addition, leaflets, folders, pamphlets, newsletters and bulletins on the 22.3 MEAT INSPECTION latest animal husbandry activities and emerging diseases are distributed to the public during the Meat is a rich source of animal protein and `Kalnadai Padukappu Thittam’ camps, fairs, essential minerals for human beings. Presently festivals and local shandies conducted in various there are about 116 registered slaughter houses parts of the State to create awareness among the functioning in the State. To provide safe and farmers. Regular weekly broadcasts on animal wholesome meat and to prevent environmental husbandry are made through All India Radio.

63 64  During Transport Animal Husbandry Department is  In the Slaughter Houses participating in the following fairs:  Kodaikanal - Kodai Vizha As per section 38 of the Prevention of  Yercaud - Kodai Vizha Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 enacting Prevention of  Krishnagiri - Mangani Vizha  Villupuram - Kalvarayan Malai Cruelty to Animals Rules 2001, in every district of Kodai Fair Tamil Nadu a Society for Prevention of Cruelty to  Cuddalore - Silver Beach Fair Animals (SPCA) with the following objectives has  Thiruvannamalai - Javadhu Malai been formed: Kodai Vizha  To rescue and take care of all animals in the district and administer the PCA Act 1960.

 To register cases of cruelty to animals and  Chennai - Island Ground Trade Fair produce the offenders before the court for (All India Tourist conviction. & Trade Fair)  Madurai - Trade Fair The Government have constituted State  Namakkal - Dog Show  Tirunelveli - Trade Fair Level Coordination Committee and District Level Coordination Committees to oversee the 24. ANIMAL WELFARE MEASURES enforcement of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Rules. To prevent cruelty to animals and to treat them ethically, the Government in coordination with 25. Animal Welfare Board is addressing the problems of unethical treatment to animals in a three-pronged Jallikattu is conducted in the villages of approach. Southern Districts of Tamil Nadu every year during /Harvest seasons as a part of the festival  At the Market Place

65 66 celebrations for the 400 years and more. The The beneficiaries (who are only to be District Administration conducts the Jallikattu in the Women) should satisfy the following criteria: Districts.  Women Headed households are to be given To ensure the safety of animals, participants priority. (Widows, Destitutes, Disabled and spectators, the Tamil Nadu Regulation of women and Transgenders will be given Jallikattu Act No.27 of 2009 came into force on priority within this group). 26.08.2009. During 2011, Jallikattu events were  Are below 60 years of age. conducted from January 15th to May 15th in  Do not own land over 1 acre in their own notified 26 villages spread over 13 Districts viz., name or family members' name. (However, Ariyalur, Dindigul, Karur, Madurai, Namakkal, owning some land is preferable, since it will Pudukottai, Salem, Sivagangai, Thanjavur, Theni, enable production of green fodder in own Tiruchirapalli, Virudhunagar and Vellore. land).  Do not own any cows / buffaloes at present. 26. PROPOSED NEW SCHEMES FOR 2011-12  Are not employees of Central / State Government or any Organisation / 26.1 SCHEME FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION OF Cooperative or member of any Local Body MILCH COWS (nor should their spouse or father / mother / parents-in-law / son / daughter / son - in - The Government of Tamil Nadu have planned law / daughter - in - law be so). to launch a "Scheme for Free Distribution of Milch  Have not benefited from the free Goats / Cows". Under the Scheme, 60,000 free Milch Cows Sheep Scheme of the Government. (12,000 per year) will be distributed to the poor  Should be permanent resident of the Village women beneficiaries in the rural areas at a cost of Panchayat. Rs. 232 crores in the next 5 years in order to give boost to the milk productivity of the State. During It has been decided to distribute the milch 2011-12, 12,000 beneficiaries will be benefited cows to only such Districts of the State (21 at under this Scheme at a cost of Rs.56 crores. present) that are deficit in milk production. Within each of the Districts also, the milch cows

67 68 will be given to beneficiaries of some such amount (out of Rs. 30,000) will be given to him Village Panchayats that do not have co- as a seed capital to maintain the cow. Insurance operative milk societies as of now. of the Milch cows will be done at Governmental The beneficiaries will be initially shortlisted cost. as per the norms specified by a Village level Committee consisting of the Panchayat After the distribution of the milch cows, the President, the Vice President, the senior-most Dairy Development Department officials will SC/ST ward member (by age) of the Village take efforts to form societies of the beneficiaries Panchayat, the Panchayat Level Federation and bring the Village Panchayat into the co- (PLF) coordinator, an active SHG representative, operative milk fold. A close follow up of the the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon (VAS) of the animals procured will be done by the Animal area and the Dy. BDO (ADW). However, the Husbandry Department officials. final selection will be done by the Grama Sabha . 30% of the beneficiaries should be from 26.2 SCHEME FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION OF SC/ST communities. GOATS / SHEEP

One unique feature of the Scheme is that the The Government of Tamil Nadu have beneficiaries will be given the choice to select proposed to launch a "Scheme for Free Distribution their own choice of Milch Cows of Cross-bred of Goats / Sheep" to 7 lakh Poorest of the poor Jersey breed (and cross-bred Holstein Friesian amongst the persons living in the rural areas at a breed for hilly areas) by going to the total cost of Rs.925 crores to enhance their neighbouring State shandies. The beneficiaries Standard of Living. During 2011-12, one lakh will be given a lumpsum amount of Rs. 1,000 as beneficiaries will be benefited under this Scheme at travel/stay charges to select the cows of their a cost of Rs.135 crores. choice, and they will also be given amount to The beneficiaries (who are only to be transport the cows back to their villages. A fixed Women) should satisfy the following criteria: amount of Rs. 30,000 is earmarked for the  Women Headed households are to be given purchase of the Milch cow, and if the beneficiary priority. (Widows, Destitutes, Disabled buys the cow at a lesser rate, the balance

69 70 women and Transgenders will be given Panchayats will be taken up for distribution of priority within this group). sheep/goat each year in each Block of the  Must be the Landless Agricultural Labourers. District.  Should be a permanent resident of the The beneficiaries will be initially shortlisted Village Panchayat. as per the norms specified by a Village level  The beneficiary household should have at Committee consisting of the Panchayat least one member between the age of 18 President, the Vice President, the senior-most and 60 to effectively rear the Goats / Sheep. SC/ST ward member (by age) of the Village  Should not own any Cow / Goat / Sheep at Panchayat, the Panchayat Level Federation present. (PLF) coordinator, an active SHG representative, the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon (VAS) of the  Should not be an employee of Central / State area and the Dy. BDO (ADW). However, the Government or any Organisation / final selection will be done by the Grama Cooperative or member of any Local Body Sabha . 30% of the beneficiaries should be from (nor should their spouse or father / mother / SC/ST communities. parents-in-law / son / daughter / son-in-law One unique feature of the Scheme is that the / daughter-in-law be so). beneficiaries will be given the choice to select  Should not have benefited from the free their own choice of Goats/Sheep (4 Goats or 4 Milch Cows Distribution Scheme of the Sheep- and amongst these, 3 females and one Government. male ordinarily) by going to the neighbouring shandies or getting these from high quality It has been decided to distribute the breeders. The beneficiaries will be given a sheep/goat to the poorest of the poor in all lumpsum amount to transport the goats/sheep Village Panchayats of the State across a period back to their villages. A fixed amount of Rs. of 5 years. The number of beneficiaries in each 12,000 is earmarked for the purchase of the 4 Village Panchayat will be selected in proportion Goats/sheep per beneficiary (that includes Rs to the population of the Village Panchayat. 10,000 for purchase of animals and Rs.2,000 as Approximately one-fifth of the Village seed money to establish shed, buy feed etc.). If

71 72 the beneficiary buys the Goats/sheep at a lesser rate than the amount earmarked, the balance 26.4 CENTRALLY SPONSORED FODDER amount (out of the total amount earmarked) will DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES

be given to him as additional assistance to Under 100% centrally sponsored feed and maintain the Goats/sheep. Insurance of the fodder development scheme, fodder development animals will be done at Governmental cost. will be carried out in farmers’ own land and A close post-purchase hand-holding and Departmental Farms at a total cost of follow up of the animals procured will be done Rs.64.00 lakhs. by the Animal Husbandry Department officials. Under a Central and State Share Scheme

(75:25), Hand operated and power driven chaff

cutters will be distributed to farmers at a total cost

of Rs.57.00 lakhs.

26.3 STATE FODDER DEVELOPMENT SCHEME 27. STRENGTHENING THE DEPARTMENT OF

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY The Government of Tamil Nadu is proposed to implement the scheme for augmenting fodder in 27.1 CREATION OF SCHEME MONITORING the farmers land to ensure the sustainability of the CELL AT THE DIRECTORATE free distribution Milch cows / Goats / Sheep to the farmers. Besides, the proposed fodder development For the effective implementation of the schemes will ensure the additional fodder Scheme for Free distribution of Milch cows and production to reduce the gap between the Scheme for free distribution of Goats/Sheep, the requirements and availability. In order to reduce Government has proposed to establish a Monitoring the gap of 42.60% fodder shortage, it is proposed Cell at the Directorate level with one Joint Director to develop green fodder on 24,000 acres of land, to and two Assistant Directors with supportive staff. distribute 5,000 units of grass cutters with 50% subsidy and 5,000 units of choppers with 75% subsidy to benefit the farmers during 2011-12.

73 74 27.2 CREATION OF 11 ASSISTANT DIRECTORS’ OFFICES At present most of the veterinary Institutions

are in dilapidated conditions. So it is necessary to For effective administration of the regular improve the infrastructure of those building, to departmental activities and close monitoring of the deliver day to day activities of the animal holders. free distribution of Milch cow and Goats/Sheep Hence, it is proposed to upgrade / renovate the Schemes, it is proposed to create 11 new Assistant existing infrastructure of Veterinary Institutions at Directors office with supporting staff in the field a cost of Rs. 25 crores during 2011-12. level to match at least the total number of Revenue

Divisions in the State. Thus the total number of 27. 5 PART II SCHEME 2011-12 Animal Husbandry divisions will be increased from

65 to 76. The following two components are proposed

at a total cost of Rs.124.95 lakhs. 27.3 UPGRADATION OF 385 SUB CENTRES Replacement of Vehicle to 14 Regional Joint INTO RURAL VETERINARY DISPENSARIES Directors of Animal Husbandry (Light Motor Vehicle) for a total sum of Rs.84 lakhs at Implementation of Animal Husbandry Rs.6.00 lakhs per vehicle. Schemes can only be successful, if there is Provision of furniture to 300 Upgraded Sub adequate strengthening of the extension machinery centres for strengthening the infrastructure and veterinary services across the State. Hence, it facilities at a total cost of Rs.40.95 lakhs. is proposed to upgrade 385 sub centres as Rural Veterinary Dispensaries. These 385 Rural 28. NATIONAL BANK FOR AGRICULTURE AND Veterinary Dispensaries and 200 sub centres RURAL DEVELOPMENT (NABARD – RIDF already upgraded during 2011 will be filled by XVII) posting a Veterinary Assistant Surgeon. Following infrastructural facilities are

proposed for 2011-12 at a total cost of 27.4 INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT Rs.122.24 crores: PROGRAMME

75 76 Veterinary Dispensaries cater to the needs of important livestock diseases with a view to evolve timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of strategic control measures at the district level. It common ailments, deficiencies and injuries, is proposed to undertake construction of new veterinary services like treatment, deworming, buildings for 3 units at the total cost of Rs.1.37 castration and immunisation against all diseases. crores, at the rate of Rs.45.50 lakhs per unit that For these works every dispensary will require are functioning in rented buildings / do not have various infrastructure facilities. It is proposed to facilities for conducting laboratory works. construct buildings for 336 Veterinary Dispensaries Frozen Semen Banks accommodate the at a total cost of Rs.89.58 crores. Cattle Breeding and Fodder Development Office Veterinary Hospitals perform the functions as with provision for storage of Liquid Nitrogen and that of Veterinary Dispensaries, but the number of Frozen Semen Straw to be distributed to the cases treated will be more, besides having Artificial Insemination centres. It is proposed to exclusive facilities for diagnosis. It is proposed to construct buildings at five places at the total cost of construct buildings for 14 Veterinary Hospitals at a Rs.2.18 crores at the rate of Rs.43.50 lakhs per total cost of Rs.3.73 crores at the rate of Rs.26.66 Frozen Semen Bank. lakhs per Veterinary Hospital in such places where Eleven Livestock Farms which lack the these facilities are not available. infrastructure facilities viz., animal houses, Veterinary Polyclinics provide diagnoses, purchase of equipments, purchase of animals, etc., treatment or advice in various branches of Animal for providing quality off spring's were studied and Health and Veterinary Medical Service. The analysed. Based on the analysis report and the specialised veterinary medical services are in individual requirement of farms, a total of Rs.24.70 Surgery, Radiology, Clinical Medicine, Laboratory crores is alloted during 2011-12 for infrastructure Diagnostics, Reproduction technology, gynecology development of the farms. and obstetrics. It is proposed to construct one Polyclinic at the cost of Rs.69.00 lakhs. Animal Disease Intelligence Units play a major role in developing a system of disease monitoring and surveillance of economically

77 78 29. TAMIL NADU LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT 5. Identification of elite cows through Field AGENCY Performance Recording Programme (FPRP). 29.1 INTRODUCTION 6. Increasing the breeding facilities;  Establishing new mobile AI centres by Tamil Nadu Livestock Development Agency training rural youth and equipping them (TNLDA) has been established as an autonomous  Encouraging Door-step delivery of breeding State Implementing Agency to implement the services National Project for Cattle and Buffalo Breeding  Facilitating stationary AI centre to perform (NPCBB) in Tamil Nadu and is functioning since 09- mobile AI work by conversion of existing 01-2003. Stationary Artificial Insemination Centre The primary aim of the Agency is to increase into Mobile cum Stationary Centre. milk production and per animal productivity. 7. Support for acquisition of frozen semen and The objective of the agency includes bringing artificial insemination equipment. all the breedable female cattle and buffaloes under 8. Streamlining storage and supply of liquid defined breeding programme through artificial nitrogen. insemination and natural service in a phased 9. Conservation of indigenous breeds. manner. 10. Human Resources Development through regular training. 29.2 OBJECTIVES 29.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. Quality control of goods and services in breeding. The Minimum Standard Protocol (MSP) of the 2. Supply of quality genetic inputs. Government of India for frozen semen production 3. Introduction of quality bulls with high genetic stations is implemented in the State. The semen merit for frozen semen production. stations are periodically evaluated by the Central 4. Intensification of Progeny Testing Scheme Monitoring Unit of Government of India to ensure (PTS) quality semen production. Towards procurement of

79 80 quality inputs for genetic upgradation, Frozen establish new mobile Artificial Insemination Semen Straws produced from bulls of superior Centres. genetic quality are purchased and supplied to the b) Retired Veterinarians / Livestock Inspectors Department of Animal Husbandry. have been provided with necessary facilities to carry out artificial insemination at farmers' 29.4 ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN doorstep. i. Strengthening of Frozen Semen Production iv. Strengthening and Streamlining of Liquid Stations Nitrogen

To strengthen Frozen Semen Station, To strengthen the Liquid nitrogen storage at installation of two liquid nitrogen bulk storage silos, the semen banks, steps have been taken to install construction of bull sheds, modification of bulk liquid nitrogen storage Silos of 3000 lit processing laboratory, acquiring ISO 9001:2008 capacity one each at the District Co-operative Milk certification and procurement of quality breeding Producers' Union, Dharmapuri and Cattle Breeding bulls are being taken up. and Fodder Development, Sivaganga. ii. Embryo transfer programme v. Distribution of Young Breeding Bulls For The embryo transfer unit at District Natural Service

Livestock Farm, Hosur is being strengthened and an 12 breeding bulls have been procured and embryo transfer programme has been initiated. distributed to beneficiaries for natural service

purpose. iii. Strengthening of Artificial Insemination Network in the State by establishing new Mobile Artificial Insemination Centres vi. Training Programmes Tamil Nadu Livestock Development Agency a) Rural youth were trained to take up doorstep has arranged and sponsored the following training artificial insemination work and they have programmes. been provided with necessary equipment to

81 82 a) Veterinarians working in Frozen Semen viii. Field Performance Recording production stations, are trained on Frozen Programme (FPRP)

Semen Processing technology, Veterinarians This programme is implemented by Tamil of Animal Husbandry Department and Tamil Nadu Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation with Nadu Co-operative Milk producers’ the financial assistance from the Tamil Nadu Federation have been given refresher Livestock Development Agency. From the elite training on “Bovine breeding”. cows enrolled, high yielding cows selected are b) Village level workers and Private Artificial inseminated with proven bull semen and the bull Insemination workers have been given the calves born to these cows are selected and reared training on bovine breeding. for semen production in the semen stations. The c) Livestock Inspectors of Animal Husbandry third set of the programme has been initiated in the Department have been given retraining at milk unions of Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Erode, Exotic Cattle Breeding Farm, Eachenkottai, Madurai, Salem, Tirunelveli, Thiruchirapalli and Thanjavur. Vellore.

vii. Progeny Testing Scheme (PTS) ix. Infertility Camps

The Progeny testing, fifth batch of 23 Fund has been released to Department of Crossbred Jersey bulls and sixth batch of 20 Animal Husbandry to organizing 577 Cattle and Crossbred Jersey bulls are under progeny testing buffalo fertility camps and to Tamil Nadu Co- programme implemented by the Tamil Nadu operative Milk Producers’ Federation limited for Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation with the organizing 385 camps. financial assistance from Tamil Nadu Livestock

Development Agency. The seventh batch of 25 29.5 LIVESTOCK INSURANCE SCHEME crossbred Jersey bulls have been put into test.

The Centrally sponsored Livestock Insurance

Scheme is being implemented by Tamil Nadu

83 84 Livestock Development Agency. Under the 30 . TAMIL NADU VETERINARY AND ANIMAL Scheme, 50% of the premium is provided as SCIENCES UNIVERSITY Government subsidy and balance 50% is collected from the beneficiaries. In the current year the “A country rich in livestock is never poor Scheme is to be implemented in 15 districts and a country poor in livestock is never rich” viz., Coimbatore, Erode, Salem, Namakkal, Trichy,

Thanjavur, Madurai, Dindigul, Tirunelveli, - Arab Proverb , Cuddalore, Dharmapuri, 30.1 OBJECTIVES Krishnagiri, Villupuram and Vellore with a target of insuring 1.5 lakh Milch animals. The Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS) was established with the following objectives: ♦ To impart quality education to undergraduate, post-graduate and doctoral students in different fields of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Fisheries Sciences and Food Processing Technology. ♦ To carry out research in livestock, poultry and fish production, protection and value addition of products ♦ To disseminate knowledge on important technologies to line Departments and farming community for the sustenance and growth of livestock, poultry and fisheries in the State through extension programmes.

85 86 30.2 UNITS OF TANUVAS 2. Livestock Research Station, Kattupakkam, Kanchipuram The constituent units of Tamil Nadu 3. Mecheri Sheep Research Station, Pottaneri, Veterinary and Animal Sciences University are given Salem below. 4. Sheep Breeding Research Station, Table 17 Sandynallah, Udhagamandalam Constituent units of TANUVAS 5. University Research Farm, Madhavaram,  COLLEGES Chennai  Madras Veterinary College, Vepery, Chennai 6. Institute of Animal Nutrition, Kattupakkam,  Veterinary College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram Namakkal 7. TANUVAS Small Ruminants Research Centre,  Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli Thoothukkudi  Institute of Food and Dairy Technology,  VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TRAINING AND Koduvalli, Chennai RESEARCH CENTRES • CENTRES OF ADVANCED STUDIES (CAS) 1. Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and 1. Coimbatore 9. Dharmapuri Jurisprudence, Madras Veterinary College, 2. Dindigul 10. Erode Chennai 3. Karur 11. Madurai 2. Poultry Science, Veterinary College and 4. Melmaruvathur 12. Parakkai Research Institute, Namakkal 5. Cuddalore 13. Rajapalayam  CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE 6. Salem 14. Thanjavur 1. Centre of Excellence in Animal Biotechnology 7. Tiruppur 15. Vellore and Immunology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai 8. Tiruchy  RESEARCH STATIONS  1. Institute of Poultry Production and VETERINARY UNIVERSITY REGIONAL Management, Chennai RESEARCH CENTRE, PUDUKOTTAI

87 88  FISHERIES’ TRAINING AND RESEARCH 9. Centralised Instrumentation Laboratory, CENTRE Madras Veterinary College, Chennai 1. Parakkai 2. Thanjavur 10. Centralised Clinical Laboratory, Madras  Avian Disea se Laboratory Veterinary College, Chennai 1. Thalaivasal  Farmers Training Centre  LABORATORIES 1. Kancheepuram 2. Theni 3. Thiruvarur 1. Animal Feed Analytical and Quality  Krishi Vigyan Kendra Assurance Laboratory, Namakkal 1. Kattupakkam 2. Kundrakudi 3. Namakkal

2. Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Namakkal 30.3 ACTIVITIES OF TANUVAS

3. Pharmacovigilance Laboratory for Animal The activities of TANUVAS in the area of Feed and Food Safety, Chennai Education, Research, Clinical services and Extension activities are outlined below: 4. Central University Laboratory, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai 30.3.1 EDUCATION  Details of sanctioned students admission 5. Leptospira Research Laboratory, strength during the year 2011-2012 at Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai TANUVAS are furnished below. 6. Shrimp Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai

7. Bacterial Vaccine Research Centre, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai

8. Viral Vaccine Research Centre, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai

89 90 Table 18 :Students admission strength * During 2011-12, 35 seats in B.F.Sc. programme have been increased to 40 Veterinary Institute of Fisheries Madras College Food and College and Veterinary and Dairy Courses Research Total College, Research Technology, 30.3.2 RESEARCH Institute, Chennai Institute, Koduvalli Thoothukudi Namakkal B.V.Sc. & AH 146 80 - - 226  Forty-one externally funded research B.V.Sc. & AH programmes at a total outlay of Rs. 965.47 (NRI-5 ; Foreign - Nationals – 5 6 5 - 11 lakhs are on anvil. and Kashmiri migrants – 1)  Under University Plan, 83 Plan Schemes with B.F.Sc - - 40 * - 40 the financial outlay of B.F.Sc (NRI- - 1 and Foreign - - 4 4 Rs.9,517.49 lakhs funded by the Nationals – 3) Government of Tamil Nadu are in operation B.Tech. (Food Processing - - - 20 20 for strengthening the infrastructure facilities Technology) for higher studies, innovations, research B.Tech. (Poultry Production - - - 20 20 infrastructure and dissemination of Technology) knowledge. M.V.Sc 116 - - 116 M.F.Sc - - 29 - 29  During 2011-12, Government of Tamil Nadu M.Tech - - - 3 3 has sanctioned the following four schemes at M.Sc. 8 - - - 8 a total cost of Rs.42.55 Lakhs under Part II : M.Phil 8 - 4 - 12  PG Diploma - Establishment of modern Salem Black (Animal 30 - - 30 Goat unit and optimization of feeding Sciences) PG Diploma - standards for economical production in (Fisheries - - 6 6 dry land tract Sciences) PG Diplomas -  Entrepreneurship development through Distance 80 - - 80 Education programmes on hygienic meat production Ph.D. 98 - - 98 and value – addition for Women SHG (Veterinary) Ph.D. (Fisheries) - - 15 - 15 members and entrepreneurs for their livelihood

91 92  Surveillance and management of  Application of Mesenchymal stem cells for anthelmintic resistance in sheep anticancer drug screening  Environment friendly limited water  Development of Eimeria brunetti Specific exchange shrimp culture by biofloc PCR technology Animal Production Agreement Signed Validating the research on mineral map of  With National Institute of Siddha, Tamil Nadu Tambaram, Chennai to undertake Area specific mineral mixture developed at collaborative research work. TANUVAS has been named as TANUVAS – SMART  With Directorate General, RVS (Indian (Specific Mineral Array for Regions of Tamil Nadu) Army), New Delhi to give skill development mineral mixture which is suitable for low and training to undergraduates on need basis. medium level milk yielding dairy cows. A supportive  With University of Arizona and Auburn software embedded with artificial intelligence has University, USA to undertake student and been evolved and is ready for commercialization. faculty exchange in education and research

programme in fisheries faculty. Genetic Upgradation of Cattle and Buffaloes in Research Achievements in Animal Sciences Tamil Nadu: Adoption of Oestrus Synchronization Technique to Improve Animal Health Productive and Reproductive Potential

 Development of vaccine against Coliform mastitis Under this program, 326 bovine infertility camps / mass contact programmes were conducted  Development of Recombinant Fusion at village level in all the districts. Totally 24,234 Protein Vaccine for Johne’s Disease cows and buffaloes were examined in the camps  Development of Recombinant vaccine for conducted. Out of this 11,685 animals were leptospira selected for the project and mineral mixtures and deworming drugs were distributed. Synchronization

93 94 programme was initiated in 10,763 bovine. The Table 19. Out-patient Cases treated during conception rate achieved was about 60%. the year 2011-2012 (upto 31.07.2011) Technologies developed Hospitals 1. Carotene enriched milk drink Madras Veterinary Veterinary 2. Enriching and ensiling of sugar cane tops Description Veterinary University College and 3. Maize silage College, Peripheral Research Vepery, Hospital, Institute, 4. Hot filled chilled fish curry Chennai Madhavaram Namakkal 5. Latex agglutination test kit for chicken Canine 22169 3760 2975 anaemia virus Bovine 2841 301 1297 6. Flow through technique for diagnosis of Feline 901 85 87 hydatidosis Equine 374 - 20 7. Microbial assay for the detection of Caprine/O 998 181 864 chloramphenicol residues in shrimps vine 8. Raceway technology for intensive nursery Avian 1853 354 21 rearing of ornamental fishes Others 504 73 70 9. Cichlid breeding using mud pots Total 29640 4754 5334

30.3.3 CLINICAL SERVICES Inpatient facilities

TANUVAS is offering clinical services to the  In Madras Veterinary College teaching pet and livestock owners round the clock. The hospital at Vepery, 107 large and 32 small details are furnished below : animals were admitted and treated as in- patients for various ailments.  At Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, 936 large animals were admitted and treated as in-patients.

95 96  A separate quarantine unit to house animals Nadu and other states were advised regarding suspected for rabies is functioning, in both the analysis of feed ingredients and feeds. They were institutions. counselled on various problems in feeding practices. During the reporting period, 4,951 Infrastructure and facilities available samples were tested and 12,309 analyses were 1. Gastrofibroscope carried out at this laboratory. 2. Bronchofibroscope  Leptospirosis Research Laboratory, 3. Endoscopic image documenting system Madhavaram 4. Digital phonocardiograph A total of 1,097 human serum samples and 5. Dental scalar 342 animal serum samples from suspected cases 6. Aloka Colour Doppler Ultrasound-SSD-3500 were screened by MAT for detection of leptospiral SV antibody. Out of 1,097 human samples tested, 429 7. Ultra Sound Scanner ‘Honda’ Veterinary (39.11%) were found positive. Linear Scanner with rectal probe 30.3.4 EXTENSION ACTIVITIES Laboratory services The Directorate of Extension Education is  Pharmacovigilance Laboratory for Animal Feed and Food Safety, functioning with the objective of planning and Madhavaram, Chennai execution of all outreach programmes of the University in close coordination with other line This laboratory is involved in analysis of departments / agencies such as the Dept. of Animal mycotoxins, pesticide and drug residues in animal Husbandry, Tamil Nadu Co-operative Milk feed and food. During the period under report, 184 Producers’ Federation Ltd., Tamil Nadu Livestock samples were analysed for xenobiotic residues. Development Agency and other Government  Animal Feed Analytical and Quality organizations. Control Laboratory, Namakkal

A total of 596 poultry and livestock progressive farmers from various parts of Tamil

97 98 No. of Training Beneficiaries Title of the Table 20. Training Programmes Conducted Programmes SC/ST Others Training during 2011-2012 (upto 31.7.11) Total Programme On Off Wo Wo No. of Training Beneficiaries Men Men campus campus men men Title of the Programmes SC/ST Others Training Integrated On Off Tota livestock 14 6 352 294 85 124 855 Programm Me Wom Me Wo e campu cam l farming n en n men s pus Fish farming 15 11 45 21 133 108 307 Agricultural Dairy 223 1 - 1 - 14 2 17 24 34 205 529 640 860 Engineering farming 4 Feed and Sheep & Fodder 12 10 84 95 188 100 467 Goat 28 4 59 124 489 117 789 Cultivation farming Disease diagnosis and Poultry 117 4 6 22 51 94 94 261 33 5 153 72 791 155 Manage Farming 1 ment Turkey Breeding 3 - 11 1 25 3 40 Farming problems & its 2 2 35 22 33 8 98 Japanese management Quail 9 1 35 3 184 13 235 in crossbreds farming Production of Value added Pig - 5 - 133 1 - 134 5 - 16 - 59 6 81 fishery farming products Rabbit Ethno 3 - 6 1 65 5 77 Veterinary 4 5 120 11 145 29 305 farming medicine Ornamental Milk and 2 - 1 - 6 15 22 Milk 2 8 6 101 116 131 354 fish culture Composite products 1 - 8 - - - 8 fish culture Home 8 - 8 2 44 67 121 Science Total 173 106 1199 1465 3287 1879 7830

Horticultur 3 9 32 5 175 42 254 e

99 100

ii. Institute of Poultry Production and 30.4. FUTURE PROGRAMMES Management at Hosur

i. Establishment of New Veterinary Colleges To undertake advanced research in poultry

The Government is implementing the production and management, the Government is Scheme of distribution of milch cows and sheep and establishing the Institute of Poultry Production and goat free of cost to people in order to improve their Management at Hosur with facilities of international livelihood and rural economy. The Government is standards. The production efficiency of broiler, also planning a set of programmes to improve layer and breeder poultry reared in the State will be livestock economy of the State in a comprehensive improved by planning research projects on specific manner by undertaking intensified fodder nutrient requirements, alleviation of climatic stress, production, establishment of fodder seed banks, control of emerging diseases, producing transgenic distribution of mineral mixtures, ensuring mobile poultry, quality control of egg and poultry meat veterinary services, improved reproduction through products, value addition, processing and artificial insemination, health cover etc. For the preservation etc., of national and international purpose, more number of veterinarians are to be importance and adopting the findings. recruited. Further, as the dairy and poultry sectors are showing a high growth rate in the country, iii. Extending the activities of University Training Centres more number of veterinary graduates will be required in future. To meet the demand, the The University Training and Research Government will start new Veterinary Colleges in Centres and Farmers Training Centres of Tamil Tirunelveli and Orathanadu of Thanjavur district Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University are this year. Livestock farmers in both the regions will at present functioning in 22 districts of the State. also be benefitted through high quality veterinary The University officials co-ordinate with those of the services and instant transfer of scientific other line departments like Department of Animal technologies. Husbandry, Agriculture, Milk Unions and Banks and

take up field based research, organize on-campus

101 102 and off-campus training programmes and augment Diploma courses through distance education livestock production by promoting adoption of coupled with short-term hands on training to location specific technologies. The Government improve the technical skills of veterinarians working wishes to extend such activities of University in the field. Such courses are the first of their kind centres to more districts of the State. to be offered in any Veterinary University in India. The newly started Post-Graduate diploma courses iv. Introduction of new Undergraduate and are in the field of: Post-graduate Courses  Small Animal Orthopaedics Taking into account the recent scientific  Veterinary Ophthalmology advancement in the fast growing poultry sector, a  Small Animal Emergency and Critical new Undergraduate course, B.Tech. (Poultry Care Medicine Production Technology) was designed and started  this year to produce quality graduates who would Small Animal Dermatology find immediate employment in poultry industry.  Commercial Poultry Production The course will be offered in future through Management Institute of Poultry Production and Management  Feed Manufacturing Technology approved for establishment at Hosur with the state-  Ethno Veterinary Practices of-art facilities for poultry production and research. Further, Ph.D. course in Wildlife Science, M.Tech. in vi. Short-term Skill Development Courses Food Processing Technology and Masters’ programmes in Bio-statistics and Bio-Informatics The fast growing dairy, poultry and other are also started from the current academic year. livestock industry sectors require more number of skilled manpower at low levels. Consequent to the v. Post-graduate Diploma Courses demand from the industry and to facilitate employment opportunities for youths with different Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences levels of school education, Tamil Nadu Veterinary University has also started a set of Post-Graduate and Animal Sciences University will be offering 18

103 104 different short term skill development courses of The youths trained through the programme one to six months duration from this year onwards. will find ready employment in livestock farms, dairies, poultry farms, feed manufacturing units  Feed Analytical Technician etc.  Livestock Farm Manager  Poultry Farm Manager vii. Hands on training on Livestock Farm Management  Hatchery Supervisor  Poultry Farm Supervisor The traditional farming methods need to be given a go-by and modern scientific  Poultry Breeder Farm Supervisor management techniques adopted to improve  Feed Mill Supervisor production and productivity in livestock and  Dairy Plant Assistant poultry farms. To facilitate creation of self  Laboratory Assistant employment opportunities through livestock  Fish Processing Assistant farming, the Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University will offer 13 different short  Dairy Farm Assistant term hands on training courses on various types  Turkey Farm Assistant of livestock and poultry farming as follows:  Shrimp farming Assistant  Rabbit farming  Small Animal Attendant  Fodder and Fodder seed production  Surgery Theatre and Radiology Attendant  Preparation of fermented dairy product  Live Fish Feed Production Assistant  Ornamental Fish Rearing and Breeding  Milk and Milk Products Quality Control  Japanese Quail farming Assistant  Desi bird farming  Poultry vaccinator  Sea weed production  Fresh water fish farming

105 106  Livestock farm waste utilization • Creation of Genome Resource Centre, the first of its kind in India for conservation of  Emu farming Animal Genetic Resources of the State  Pig farming • Climate change on animal production and  Sheep farming health and mitigation strategies  Goat farming • Development of new recombinant and sub- unit vaccines against livestock and poultry viii. Collaborative Education Programmes diseases – DIVA approach

• To improve quality of veterinary, fishery and Accreditation of laboratories for international food technology education programmes, Tamil standards Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University will • Studies on stem cell therapy in regenerative actively pursue collaborative education programmes medicine with Universities and Institutes in other countries. • Establishment of Regional Centre for Fish Memoranda of Understanding have been signed this Genomic Repository at Fisheries College and year with University of Cantabria, Spain, Research Institute campus Guangdong University, China and Bogor University, Indonesia for the purpose. x. Regional Livestock Exhibitions

To fast track the transfer of technologies ix.TANUVAS will undertake research work on the following thrust areas : identified by the University from lab to land, TANUVAS will henceforth be conducting “Regional • Development of live and inactivated vaccine Livestock Exhibitions” once in three months for Classical Swine Fever continuously in different regions of the State and • Establishment of a Nano-technology Centre show case the recent advances in livestock, poultry to study effective drug delivery, mineral and fisheries production. The first exhibition in the supplementation to poultry, etc. series will be organized shortly at Srirangam in Trichy district.

107 108 xi. Veterinary Education in Tamil Schemes for the Animal Husbandry Sector, such as Most of the students admitted every year in Free Distribution of Milch Cows, Goats/Sheep to the Veterinary Colleges of the State hail from rural rural poor to improve their economy. This areas and they find it very difficult to pursue Government have also given utmost priority to the veterinary science course in English especially Fodder development Schemes so as to benefit the during first year. To help such students understand livestock in the rural areas. This will definitely the subjects better, the entire course material for I improve the rural economy and also the Year B.V.Sc., in different subject areas have been productivity of the Animal Husbandry Sector. By translated into Tamil and brought out recently. giving its commitment to the augmentation of This will pave the way for offering the entire Extension Services across the State through setting undergraduate programme in Veterinary Science in up of new Rural Dispensaries, new Veterinary Tamil. Colleges in Tirunelveli and Thanjavur Districts, new Poultry Research Centre in Hosur and creation of 31. BUDGET FOR 2011-12 new posts of Veterinary Surgeons and other posts, A sum of Rs.676.4996 crores has been the ambitious objectives of the Government can be provided in the Budget for 2011-12. Out of this, fulfilled successfully. projected revenue expenditure is Rs.676.4981 crores, capital expenditure is Under the dynamic leadership of our Hon'ble 0.0014 crores (Rs.14,000) and loan amount is Chief Minister, this Government will take all efforts Rs.0.0001 crore (Rs.1000). and emerge successful in fulfilling the objectives of improving the economy of the rural people and all 32. CONCLUSION round productivity of the Animal Husbandry Sector The Government is committed to the in Tamil Nadu. upliftment of the economy of the rural poor and to augment the production of milk, egg and meat in the State. As a pioneering effort, this Government, N.R. SIVAPATHI, under the dynamic leadership of the Chief Minister, Minister for Animal Husbandry have announced a lot of new and path-breaking

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