DOCSLIB.ORG

Arctic Governance and Governing Design and Layout By

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Arctic Governance and Governing Design and layout by: Lassi Heininen Heather Exner-Pirot Joël Plouffe ISSN 2298–2418 2 Arctic Yearbook 2015 Heininen, L., H. Exner-Pirot, & J. Plouffe. (eds.). (2015). Arctic Yearbook 2015. Akureyri, Iceland: Northern Research Forum. Available from http://www.arcticyearbook.com. ISSN 2298–2418 This publication is available under limited copyright protection. You may download, distribute, photocopy, cite or excerpt this document provided it is properly and fully credited and not used for commercial purposes. Cover Image Credits: Flags - Arctic Council Secretariat / Linnea Nordström Gavel - Arctic Council Secretariat / Linnea Nordström Ilulissat – Nunatsiaq News Samediggi – Hanne Holmgren Barents Euro-Arctic Council – Utenriksdepartementet/Gyro Althingi - Jóhann Heiðar Árnason Inatsisartut – Naalakkersuisut Other photos – Arctic Portal file photos Editor: Lassi Heininen, University of Lapland | [email protected] Managing Editors: Heather Exner-Pirot, University of Saskatchewan | [email protected] Joël Plouffe, École nationale d’Administration publique (ENAP – Montréal) | [email protected] Editorial Board: Chair Dr. Lawson W. Brigham (Distinguished Professor of Geography & Arctic Policy, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Senior Fellow, Institute of the North, United States of America) Professor Alyson Bailes (Visiting Professor, University of Iceland; Faculty of Political Science, United Kingdom) Dr. Gail Fondahl (Professor of Geography, University of Northern British Columbia, Canada) Dr. Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (President of the Republic of Iceland) H. E. Ambassador Hannu Halinen (former SAO, Finland; Special Advisor to the IIASA Director General and Chief Executive Officer Exploratory and Special Projects) Dr. Steven E. Miller (Director of the International Security Program; Editor-in-Chief of International Security, Harvard University, United States) Dr. Alexander Pelyasov (Russian Academy of Sciences; Director of the Center of Northern and Arctic Economics; Ministry of Economic Development & Trade, Russian Federation) 3 Arctic Yearbook 2015 About Arctic Yearbook The Arctic Yearbook is the outcome of the Northern Research Forum (NRF) and UArctic joint Thematic Network (TN) on Geopolitics and Security. The TN also organizes the annual Calotte Academy. The Arctic Yearbook seeks to be the preeminent repository of critical analysis on the Arctic region, with a mandate to inform observers about the state of Arctic politics, governance and security. It is an international and interdisciplinary peer-reviewed publication, published online at [www.arcticyearbook.com] to ensure wide distribution and accessibility to a variety of stakeholders and observers. Arctic Yearbook material is obtained through a combination of invited contributions and an open call for papers. For more information on contributing to the Arctic Yearbook, or participating in the TN on Geopolitics and Security, contact the Editor, Lassi Heininen. Acknowledgments The Arctic Yearbook would like to acknowledge the Arctic Portal [http://arcticportal.org] for their generous technical and design support as well as the scholars who provided peer review of the academic articles. 4 Arctic Yearbook 2015: Governance & Governing Table of Contents Section I 9 Preface – Arctic Governance 10 Fran Ulmer Governance & Governing in the Arctic: An Introduction to Arctic Yearbook 2015 13 Lassi Heininen, Heather Exner-Pirot & Joël Plouffe – AY Editors This Year in the Arctic: Timeline of 2015 Events 26 Lassi Heininen, Heather Exner-Pirot & Joël Plouffe – AY Editors Section II 31 Scholarly Papers 31 Local, sub-national and national governance 31 State Support of Delivery of Fuel & Energy Resources to the Subarctic Zone of the Russian North- East: A View & Recommendations 32 Irina Barakaeva, Natalia Batugina & Vladimir Gavrilov Maritime Activities in the Canadian Arctic: A Tool for Visualizing Connections between Stakeholders 51 Leah Beveridge, Mélanie Fournier & Ronald Pelot Regional Governance without Self-Government: Dynamism and Change in the North American Arctic 68 Adrienne M. Davidson Arctic Council Environmental Initiatives: Can the United States Promote Implementation? 86 Erica Dingman The Power of Collective Identity Narration: Greenland’s Way to a More Autonomous Foreign Policy 102 Marc Jacobsen Table of Contents 5 Arctic Yearbook 2015 Resource Development & Land Claim Settlements in the Canadian Arctic: Multilevel Governance, Subsidiarity & Streamlining 119 Thierry Rodon & Aude Therrien Governance of Sustainable Mining in Arctic Countries: Finland, Sweden, Greenland & Russia 132 Heidi Tiainen, Rauno Sairinen & Olga Sidorenko At the Margins: Political Change and Indigenous Self-Determination in Post-Soviet Chukotka 158 Gary N. Wilson & Jeffrey J. Kormos Section III 174 Arctic regional governance 174 Towards Arctic Resource Governance of Marine Invasive Species 175 Melina Kourantidou, Brooks A. Kaiser, & Linda M. Fernandez Inter-Parliamentary Institutions & Arctic Governance 195 Michał Łuszczuk Governance of Arctic Offshore Oil & Gas Activities: Multilevel Governance & Legal Pluralism at Stake 214 Cécile Pelaudeix Large-Scale Disaster Response in the Arctic: Are We Ready? Lessons from the Literature on Wicked Policy Problems 234 Rebecca Pincus Role of the Arctic Council Chairmanship 247 Malgorzata Smieszek & Paula Kankaanpää Section IV 263 International and global governance 263 The ‘Common Arctic’: Legal Analysis of Arctic & non-Arctic Political Discourses 264 Kristin Bartenstein Foreign & Domestic Discourse on the Russian Arctic 281 Ieva Bērziņa Table of Contents 6 Arctic Yearbook 2015 Toward an Arctic Way: Regimes, Realignments, & the ASEAN Analogue 296 Reid Lidow Big Fish in a Small (Arctic) Pond: Regime Adherence as Status & Arctic State Identity in Norway Ingrid A. Medby 313 Carving up the Arctic: The Continental Shelf Process between International Law & Geopolitics Jon Rahbek-Clemmensen 327 The Arctic Security Community: Proving Ground or Sub-Plot of a Tensed European Security Environment? 345 Benjamin Schaller Section V 365 Commentaries 365 The GLACIER Conference & President Obama’s Links to the Arctic 366 Lawson W. Brigham The U.S. Must Live Up to Commitments as Arctic Nation 370 Rep. Rick Larsen The Alaska Arctic Policy Commission, Legislative Arctic Committees, & Governor Walker’s Arctic Policy Effort 372 Rep. Bob Herron Place Holding but Noteworthy: Canada & the Arctic Council 375 Andrea Charron Yukon as a Regional & Circumpolar Actor 378 Hon. Currie Dixon Greenland’s Election 2014: A Return to Pragmatism 380 Page Wilson Future Greenland 2015: Tourism as the Future of Greenland? 382 Lill Rastad Bjørst The Arctic Council Permanent Participants: Capacity & Support – Past, Present & Future 385 Jim Gamble Table of Contents 7 Arctic Yearbook 2015 The Arctic Coast Guard Forum: A Welcome and Important Step 389 Rebecca Pincus Getting Arctic Shipping Back on Course 391 Clive Tesar, Rod Downie & Simon Walmsley The Arctic Human Development Report II: A Contribution to Arctic Policy Shaping 395 Gail Fondahl & Joan Nymand Larsen International Meeting of the AC Member States in September 2015 in Arkhangelsk 398 Lassi Heininen Arctic Futures Initiative: A Holistic Approach to Arctic Futures 401 Anni Reissell, Hannu Halinen, Peter Lemke & Charlie Vörösmarty Russian Military Activities in the Arctic: Myths & Realities 404 Alexander Sergunin & Valery Konyshev NATO & the Arctic 408 Maarten de Sitter Does the Sun also Rise in the Arctic? Three Pillars of Japan’s Arctic Policy 410 Fujio Ohnishi Section VI 412 Briefing Notes 412 What Role for the Arctic in the UN Climate Conference (COP21)? 413 Sébastien Duyck The New Nexus of Climate & Energy Security for the Sustainable Arctic Future 422 Hyo-Sun Kim The Oslo Declaration on High Seas Fishing in the Central Arctic Ocean 426 Erik J. Molenaar Exploring Reasons & Remedies for the EU’s Incapability to Devise an ‘Arctic Policy’: The Quest for Coherence 431 Adam Stępień & Andreas Raspotnik Table of Contents 8 Arctic Yearbook 2015 25 Years of the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) 436 Malgorzata Smieszek From Ice Law to ICE LAW: Constructing an Interdisciplinary Research Project on the Political- Legal Challenges of Polar Environments 443 Philip Steinberg & Kate Coddington Calotte Academy 2015: Crossing & Bridging Borders in the Euro-Arctic North 450 Andrian Vlakhov & Hanna Lempinen Table of Contents 9 Section I Introduction 10 Preface Arctic Governance Fran Ulmer “The most important thing for people to know about the governance of the Arctic is that we have a chance now to act to maintain the integrity of the system or to lose it. To lose it means that we will dismember the vital systems that make the Arctic work. It's not just a cost to the people who live there. It's a cost to all people everywhere.” - Sylvia Earle1 Governance is “the processes of interaction and decision-making among the actors involved in a collective problem that lead to the creation, reinforcement, or reproduction of social norms and institutions.”2 In short, it’s the effort to make good decisions for society. From my perspective, the news is good. Arctic governance is gaining strength, both within the US and internationally. Despite stressful changes tied to global geopolitical pressures and dramatic climate change, cooperation continues to be the theme in dialog, actions, and outcomes in the Arctic. The world’s ability to set aside sharp policy differences experienced at lower latitudes, in order to work
Recommended publications
  • Start Wave Race Colour Race No. First Name Surname

    Start Wave Race Colour Race No. First Name Surname

    To find your name, click 'ctrl' + 'F' and type your surname. If you entered after 20/02/20 you will not appear on this list, an updated version will be put online on or around the 28/02/20. Runners cannot move into an earlier wave, but you are welcome to move back to a later wave. You do NOT need to inform us of your decision to do this. If you have any problems, please get in touch by phoning 01522 699950. COLOUR RACE APPROX TO THE START WAVE NO. START TIME 1 BLUE A 09:10 2 RED A 09:10 3 PINK A 09:15 4 GREEN A 09:20 5 BLUE B 09:32 6 RED B 09:36 7 PINK B 09:40 8 GREEN B 09:44 9 BLUE C 09:48 10 RED C 09:52 11 PINK C 09:56 12 GREEN C 10:00 VIP BLACK Start Wave Race Colour Race No. First name Surname 11 Pink 1889 Rebecca Aarons Any Black 1890 Jakob Abada 2 Red 4 Susannah Abayomi 3 Pink 1891 Yassen Abbas 6 Red 1892 Nick Abbey 10 Red 1823 Hannah Abblitt 10 Red 1893 Clare Abbott 4 Green 1894 Jon Abbott 8 Green 1895 Jonny Abbott 12 Green 11043 Pamela Abbott 6 Red 11044 Rebecca Abbott 11 Pink 1896 Leanne Abbott-Jones 9 Blue 1897 Emilie Abby Any Black 1898 Jennifer Abecina 6 Red 1899 Philip Abel 7 Pink 1900 Jon Abell 10 Red 600 Kirsty Aberdein 6 Red 11045 Andrew Abery Any Black 1901 Erwann ABIVEN 11 Pink 1902 marie joan ablat 8 Green 1903 Teresa Ablewhite 9 Blue 1904 Ahid Abood 6 Red 1905 Alvin Abraham 9 Blue 1906 Deborah Abraham 6 Red 1907 Sophie Abraham 1 Blue 11046 Mitchell Abrams 4 Green 1908 David Abreu 11 Pink 11047 Kathleen Abuda 10 Red 11048 Annalisa Accascina 4 Green 1909 Luis Acedo 10 Red 11049 Vikas Acharya 11 Pink 11050 Catriona Ackermann
  • Policy Workshop

    Policy Workshop

    Conference: “Citizen Participation in the EU and Canada: Challenges and Change” May 24-25, 2007 Biographies Herman Bakvis (PhD, UBC) is Professor of Public Administration at the University of Victoria. He joined UVic in July 2005 after 26 years at Dalhousie University in both the Department of Political Science and School of Public Administration. He was Director of the School at Dalhousie from 2000 to 2004. He has also held visiting appointments at the Australian National University, Queen’s University and the University of Saskatchewan. His research and teaching interests include intergovernmental relations, the policy process and government structure and organization, and political parties and party financing. Recent publications include: The Horizontal Challenge: Line Departments, Central Agencies and Leadership (Canada School of Public Service, 2004), co- authored with Luc Juillet and Canadian Federalism: Performance, Effectiveness, and Legitimacy (Oxford University Press, 2nd ed., 2007), co-edited with Grace Skogstad. In addition he has been involved in applied policy research for departments and agencies such Human Resources Development Canada, Transport Canada, and Treasury Board Secretariat, as well Royal Commissions such as the Royal Commission on Electoral Reform and Party Financing. Web page: http://web.uvic.ca/padm/faculty/bakvis/index.htm Luciano Bardi Ph. D. (1987 - The Johns Hopkins University) is Professor of International Relations, European Political System, and Comparative Politics at the University of Pisa. His previous appointments were at the European University Institute in Florence and at the University of Bologna. He has been involved in numerous international research projects including the First MEP Survey (General coordinator of field work) and the Katz & Mair project on Party organization (project director for Italian and Transnational parties).
  • Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (Tlatelolco Treaty)

    Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (Tlatelolco Treaty)

    Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (Tlatelolco Treaty) (Reproduced from United Nations document A/6663) Preamble In the name of their peoples and faithfully interpreting their desires and aspirations, the Governments of the States which have signed the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America, Desiring to contribute, so far as lies in their power, towards ending the armaments race, especially in the field of nuclear weapons, and towards strengthening a world at peace, based on the sovereign equality of States, mutual respect and good neighbourliness, Recalling that the United Nations General Assembly, in its resolution 808 (IX), adopted unanimously as one of the three points of a coordinated programme of disarmament "the total prohibition of the use and manufacture of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction of every type"; Recalling that militarily denuclearized zones are not an end in themselves but rather a means for achieving general and complete disarmament at a later stage, Recalling United Nations General Assembly resolution 1911 (XVIII), which established that the measures that should be agreed upon for the denuclearization of Latin America should be taken "in the light of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and of regional agreements", Recalling United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2028 (XX) which established the principle of an acceptable balance of mutual responsibilities and duties for the nuclear and non-nuclear powers, and Recalling that the Charter
  • Listado De Personas Admitidas

    Listado De Personas Admitidas

    PRUEBA PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE LISTAS DE CONTRATACIÓN TEMPORAL DE ESPECIALISTA DE APOYO EDUCATIVO A través de una prueba selectiva, se constituirán dos relaciones de aspirantes, una en castellano y otra en euskera, para optar a puestos de Especialista de Apoyo Educativo en centros educativos, dependientes del Departamento de Educación. ASISTENCIA A LA PRUEBA. ELECCIÓN DE ZONAS Y JORNADA Las personas que aparecen en el listado facilitado por el SNE, deberán cumplimentar un formulario disponible, a través del botón “Tramitar” en el siguiente enlace para indicar tres aspectos obligatorios para la gestión de las personas aspirantes: 1. Confirmar su asistencia el día de la prueba. 2. Seleccionar las zonas en la que se quiere figurar para las ofertas de contratación. 3. Indicar el tipo de jornada por la que se quiere optar para las ofertas de contratación. El plazo para enviar el formulario cumplimentado, es de diez días hábiles, del 23 de febrero al 8 de marzo de 2021, ambos incluidos. FECHA DE REALIZACIÓN DE LA PRUEBA La prueba se celebrará en Pamplona el sábado 27 de marzo de 2021, por la mañana. Por la situación sanitaria actual debido a la COVID-19, una vez se conozca el número de personas que confirmen su asistencia el día de la prueba, se publicará el lugar de realización de la misma y el protocolo a seguir para cumplir con todas las normas sanitarias establecidas. HEZKUNTZA-LAGUNTZAKO ESPEZIALISTAK ALDI BATERAKO KONTRATATZEKO ZERRENDAK EGITEKO PROBA Hautaproba baten bidez, izangaien bi zerrenda eratuko dira, bata gaztelaniaz eta bestea euskaraz, Hezkuntza Sailaren mendeko ikastetxeetan Hezkuntza Laguntzako Espezialista lanpostuak lortzeko.
  • Oregon State University Insert PDF 480 K

    Oregon State University Insert PDF 480 K

    ARCTIC Arctic Research Consortium of the United States Member Institution Winter 2004/2005, Volume 11 Number 2 Arctic Research at Oregon State University land grant university, Oregon State Geosciences A University was designated as Oregon’s state-assisted agricultural college in 1868. Polar Ice Cores Sea grant and space grant designation came Ed Brook (Geosciences) applies geochemical techniques to diverse problems in late Quater- later, making OSU one of only six universi- nary paleoclimatology; several of his projects have arctic components. NSF-supported work ties to have all three titles. OSU currently focused on the relative timing of millennial-scale abrupt climate change in Greenland and enrolls 15,599 undergraduate and 3,380 Antarctica uses atmospheric methane and the isotopic composition of oxygen as correlation graduate students in more than 200 under- tools to place climate records from the Siple Dome (west Antarctica) and GISP2 (Green- graduate and 80 graduate degree programs. land) ice cores on a precise common chronology for the period from 9–57 ka. The onset With collaborative connections across of major millennial warming events in Siple Dome precedes major abrupt warmings in the globe, OSU researchers contribute to Greenland, and the pattern of millennial change at Siple Dome is broadly similar, though arctic research from disciplines housed in not identical, to that previously observed for the Byrd ice core (also in west Antarctica). a variety of colleges. The College of Oce- The addition of Siple Dome to the database of well-dated Antarctic paleoclimate records anic and Atmospheric Sciences (COAS) supports the case for a regionally consistent pattern of millennial-scale climate change in has several researchers working on arctic Antarctica during the last ice age and glacial-interglacial transition.
  • Arctic Science Summit Week Assw 2009

    Arctic Science Summit Week Assw 2009

    ARCTIC SCIENCE SUMMIT WEEK ASSW 2009 Bergen, Norway, 22-28 March 2009 Welcome to ASSW 2009 In 1999, the first Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW) was organized in Tromsø, Norway. This summit was set up to hold the meetings of all Arctic science organizations together on one location in one week. The platform was created to provide opportunities for international coordination, collaboration and cooperation in all disciplines of Arctic science. It was meant to combine science with management meetings. In this way business meetings were combined with a science and a project day, and the host country was offered the opportunity to present its most recent Arctic research. Side meetings organized by other groups with interest in Arctic science and policy took place at the same time. Now, after ten ASSWs organized in ten different countries all over the world, the organizations behind this event decided to change the concept of the week by including not only annual meetings of the Arctic science organizations, but also an Open Science Symposium. Instead of the science and project day, a three days international symposium was organized under the ambitious theme: Arctic Connections - results of 150 years of Arctic research. It is the intention of the organizers to make this the official symposium for International Arctic Science. We hope that the model we have chosen for the symposium will give you the possibility to get an impression of the wide specter of research activities that have taken place in the Arctic throughout the history. After ten years the ASSW is back in Norway.
  • New Siberian Islands Archipelago)

    New Siberian Islands Archipelago)

    Detrital zircon ages and provenance of the Upper Paleozoic successions of Kotel’ny Island (New Siberian Islands archipelago) Victoria B. Ershova1,*, Andrei V. Prokopiev2, Andrei K. Khudoley1, Nikolay N. Sobolev3, and Eugeny O. Petrov3 1INSTITUTE OF EARTH SCIENCE, ST. PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITETSKAYA NAB. 7/9, ST. PETERSBURG 199034, RUSSIA 2DIAMOND AND PRECIOUS METAL GEOLOGY INSTITUTE, SIBERIAN BRANCH, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, LENIN PROSPECT 39, YAKUTSK 677980, RUSSIA 3RUSSIAN GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (VSEGEI), SREDNIY PROSPECT 74, ST. PETERSBURG 199106, RUSSIA ABSTRACT Plate-tectonic models for the Paleozoic evolution of the Arctic are numerous and diverse. Our detrital zircon provenance study of Upper Paleozoic sandstones from Kotel’ny Island (New Siberian Island archipelago) provides new data on the provenance of clastic sediments and crustal affinity of the New Siberian Islands. Upper Devonian–Lower Carboniferous deposits yield detrital zircon populations that are consistent with the age of magmatic and metamorphic rocks within the Grenvillian-Sveconorwegian, Timanian, and Caledonian orogenic belts, but not with the Siberian craton. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test reveals a strong similarity between detrital zircon populations within Devonian–Permian clastics of the New Siberian Islands, Wrangel Island (and possibly Chukotka), and the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago. These results suggest that the New Siberian Islands, along with Wrangel Island and the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, were located along the northern margin of Laurentia-Baltica in the Late Devonian–Mississippian and possibly made up a single tectonic block. Detrital zircon populations from the Permian clastics record a dramatic shift to a Uralian provenance. The data and results presented here provide vital information to aid Paleozoic tectonic reconstructions of the Arctic region prior to opening of the Mesozoic oceanic basins.
  • First Nations' Community Well-Being in the 21St Century

    First Nations' Community Well-Being in the 21St Century

    Tom Flanagan GAINING GROUND, LOSING GROUND First Nations’ Community Well-Being in the 21st Century 2019 2019 • Fraser Institute Gaining Ground, Losing Ground First Nations’ Community Well-Being in the 21st Century by Tom Flanagan fraserinstitute.org Contents Executive summary / i The Community Well-Being Index / 2 Progress and Regress / 4 Gaining Ground / 7 Losing Ground / 11 Location, Location, Location? / 13 Policy Implications / 16 References / 20 About the Author / 23 Acknowledgments / 23 Publishing Information / 24 Supporting the Fraser Institute / 25 Purpose, Funding, and Independence / 26 About the Fraser Institute / 27 Editorial Advisory Board / 28 fraserinstitute.org Flanagan x Gaining Ground, Losing Ground x i Executive summary In May 2019, the Government of Canada released the tables for the Community Well- Being Index (CWB) based on the 2016 census. This provides an opportunity to revisit the issue of First Nations’ standard of living and quality of life. Some First Nations made rapid progress from 2001 to 2016, as measured by the CWB. Others lost ground, in some cases substantial ground. This report will examine both groups in a search for factors associated with First Nations’ progress and regress. The good news for First Nations reserve communities is that their average CWB increased steadily over the 35 years from 1981 to 2016. Less good is the news that the gap between First Nations and other Canadian communities, after seeming to narrow a little in the 1990s, widened again and was almost as great in 2016 (19.1 points) as it was in 1981 (19.5 points). CWB scores are used in this paper to construct a new variable called Community Well-Being Change, 2001–2016, abbreviated as CWB-C.
  • USE of Gis for INTEGRATED RESOURCE PLANNING in Fom PROVIDENCE, NOKI'hwest Terrltories

    USE of Gis for INTEGRATED RESOURCE PLANNING in Fom PROVIDENCE, NOKI'hwest Terrltories

    USE OF GIs FOR INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAG-T PLANNING IN FOm PROVIDENCE, NOKI'HWEST TERRlTORIES by Stephen A. Kilburn A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Regional Planning and Resource Development Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 1997 @ Stephen A. Kilburn 1997 National Library Biblioth&que nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services seWsbibliographiques The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accord6 melicence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant a la National Lzl'brary of Canada to %iblioth&&enationale du Csmada de ~epfoduce,loan, distr'bute or sell reproduire, Ntet, distri'buer ou copies of bidher thesis by any means vendre des copies de sa thbde and in any form or fonnat, rnaking quelcp manib et sous -1que this thesis avaikble to interested forme que ce soit pour mettre des persons. exemplaires de cette th&e la disposition des personnes int&essies. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriete du copyright in hislher thesis. Neither bitd'auteur qui prot6ge sa Wse. Ni the thesis nor substantial extracts la these ni dm extraits substantiels de fiom it may be printed or otherwise cell-i ne doivent &re imprimes ou reproduced with the author's autrement reproduits sans son permission. atr~osatioon. The University of Waterloo requires the signatures of all persons using or photocopying this thesis. Please sign below, and give address and date. (iii) Geographic information systems ("GIs") are being adapted for use in a wide variety of ac- tivities involving management and analysis of spatial information- In the Canadian north, aboriginal communities engaged in integrated resource management have begun to use these systems.
  • Arctic Climate Change Implications for U.S

    Arctic Climate Change Implications for U.S

    Arctic Climate Change Implications for U.S. National Security Perspective - Laura Leddy September 2020 i BOARD OF DIRECTORS The Honorable Gary Hart, Chairman Emeritus Scott Gilbert Senator Hart served the State of Colorado in the U.S. Senate Scott Gilbert is a Partner of Gilbert LLP and Managing and was a member of the Committee on Armed Services Director of Reneo LLC. during his tenure. Vice Admiral Lee Gunn, USN (Ret.) Governor Christine Todd Whitman, Chairperson Vice Admiral Gunn is Vice Chairman of the CNA Military Christine Todd Whitman is the President of the Whitman Advisory Board, Former Inspector General of the Department Strategy Group, a consulting firm that specializes in energy of the Navy, and Former President of the Institute of Public and environmental issues. Research at the CNA Corporation. The Honorable Chuck Hagel Brigadier General Stephen A. Cheney, USMC (Ret.), Chuck Hagel served as the 24th U.S. Secretary of Defense and President of ASP served two terms in the United States Senate (1997-2009). Hagel Brigadier General Cheney is the President of ASP. was a senior member of the Senate Foreign Relations; Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs; and Intelligence Committees. Matthew Bergman Lieutenant General Claudia Kennedy, USA (Ret.) Matthew Bergman is an attorney, philanthropist and Lieutenant General Kennedy was the first woman entrepreneur based in Seattle. He serves as a Trustee of Reed to achieve the rank of three-star general in the United States College on the Board of Visitors of Lewis & Clark Law Army. School. Ambassador Jeffrey Bleich The Honorable John F. Kerry The Hon.
  • Spanning the Bering Strait

    Spanning the Bering Strait

    National Park service shared beringian heritage Program U.s. Department of the interior Spanning the Bering Strait 20 years of collaborative research s U b s i s t e N c e h UN t e r i N c h UK o t K a , r U s s i a i N t r o DU c t i o N cean Arctic O N O R T H E L A Chu a e S T kchi Se n R A LASKA a SIBERIA er U C h v u B R i k R S otk S a e i a P v I A en r e m in i n USA r y s M l u l g o a a S K S ew la c ard Peninsu r k t e e r Riv n a n z uko i i Y e t R i v e r ering Sea la B u s n i CANADA n e P la u a ns k ni t Pe a ka N h las c A lf of Alaska m u a G K W E 0 250 500 Pacific Ocean miles S USA The Shared Beringian Heritage Program has been fortunate enough to have had a sustained source of funds to support 3 community based projects and research since its creation in 1991. Presidents George H.W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev expanded their cooperation in the field of environmental protection and the study of global change to create the Shared Beringian Heritage Program.
  • Pierre Trudeau

    Pierre Trudeau

    University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 2005 Scoring the charter: A twenty-year analysis of supreme court voting trends (Pierre Trudeau). Jason A. Daigle University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Daigle, Jason A., "Scoring the charter: A twenty-year analysis of supreme court voting trends (Pierre Trudeau)." (2005). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3384. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/3384 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. Scoring the Charter: A Twenty-Year Analysis of Supreme Court Voting Trends by Jason A. Daigle A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research through Political Science in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2005 © 2005 Jason A. Daigle Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.