The Evolution of a Company Town Into an Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
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Economic Development and Place Attractiveness: Alfred Nobel’s Karlskoga Rhiannon Pugh & Mats Lundmark, Örebro University Number of employed in manufacturing 2004-2017. Source: Statistics Sweden. 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Lekeberg Laxå Hallsberg Degerfors Hällefors Ljusnarsberg Örebro Kumla Askersund Karlskoga Nora Lindesberg 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 The ten largest industrial sectors in 2014 (5-digits) Number of Industrial sector (5-digit) employees Percent Manufacture of weapons and ammunition 1156 31,2 Manufacture of other organic basic chemicals 374 10,1 Forging, pressing, stamping and roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy 326 8,8 Machining 315 8,5 Manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations 233 6,3 Manufacture of explosives 231 6,2 Installation of industrial machinery and equipment 193 5,2 Manufacture of artificial teeth, dentures, dental plates etc. 169 4,6 Sawmilling 112 3 Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment 73 2 Manufacturing workplace structure 1990 and 2014 in Karlskoga 1990 2014 3500 100,0 400 100,0 90,0 90,0 3000 350 80,0 80,0 300 2500 70,0 70,0 250 60,0 60,0 2000 50,0 200 50,0 1500 40,0 40,0 150 1000 30,0 30,0 100 20,0 20,0 500 50 10,0 10,0 0 0,0 0 0,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Employed 1990 Cumulative percent 1990 Employed 2014 Cumulative percent 2014 Industrial classification structure 1990 and 2014 in Karlskoga 1990 2014 4500 100 1400 100 4000 90 90 1200 80 80 3500 70 1000 70 3000 60 60 2500 800 50 50 2000 600 40 40 1500 30 400 30 1000 20 20 200 500 10 10 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Industrial sector Cumulative Percent Industrial sector Cumulative Percent Self employment and Foreign ownership has increased Employment type 1990 2014 Employed 99,2 97,3 Self employed 0,8 2,7 Total 100 100 Ownership 2002 2014 State owned firms 3,6 0 Swedish independent firms 13,9 8,0 Swedish firms part of a larger group 42,1 30,7 Foreign owned firms 38,6 59,2 Other 1,9 2,1 Total 100,0 100,0 A Population Story We can’t understand the economic development without looking at population and migration too! -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 10 20 30 40 50 0 1968 1969 1970 1971 Kumla Laxå municipalities 1972 1973 1974 1975 population Relative 1976 1977 1978 Askersund Hallsberg 1979 1980 1981 in Örebro in Örebro 1982 1983 1984 1985 Karlskoga Degerfors 1986 1987 1988 county 1989 change 1990 1991 1992 1993 Source: . Nora Hällefors 1994 1995 in 2017 to (%) 1968 1996 1997 1998 1999 Statistics 2000 Lindesberg Ljusnarsberg 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Sweden. 2007 2008 Örebro/Lekeberg 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Number of Total science and Share number of technology Science and Employment and Manufacturing (SNI07) Description employees educated Tech engineering intensity 25400 Manufacture of weapons and ammunition 1208 551 45,6 20140 Manufacture of other organic basic chemicals 421 174 41,3 in 2017 in Karlskoga 25500 Forging, pressing, stamping and roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy 352 28 8,0 25620 Machining 270 17 6,3 20510 Manufacture of explosives 218 59 27,1 21200 Manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations 218 52 23,9 33200 Installation of industrial machinery and equipment 201 28 13,9 32502 Manufacture of artificial teeth, dentures, dental plates etc. 192 24 12,5 16101 Sawmilling 112 5 4,5 20590 Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c. 45 4 8,9 28220 Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment 44 3 6,8 16102 Planing of wood 39 4 10,3 25610 Treatment and coating of metals 31 2 6,5 22220 Manufacture of plastic packing goods 28 1 3,6 25999 Manufacture of various other fabricated metal products n.e.c. 25 3 12,0 25940 Manufacture of fasteners and screw machine products 20 1 5,0 24100 Manufacture of basic iron and steel and of ferro-alloys 18 2 11,1 25110 Manufacture of metal structures and parts of structures 15 1 6,7 26110 Manufacture of electronic components 12 7 58,3 28990 Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery n.e.c. 11 3 27,3 16210 Manufacture of veneer sheets and wood-based panels 10 1 10,0 16240 Manufacture of wooden containers 10 1 10,0 28910 Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy 9 1 11,1 30300 Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery 8 4 50,0 24200 Manufacture of tubes, pipes, hollow profiles and related fittings, of steel 4 1 25,0 Consulting and R&D (SNI07) Description 71122 Industrial engineering activities and related technical consultancy 105 62 59,0 71200 Technical testing and analysis 95 32 33,7 72190 Other research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering 17 5 29,4 Engineering activities and related technical consultancy in energy, environment, plumbing, 71124 heat and air-conditioning 11 7 63,6 71123 Electric engineering activities and related technical consultancy 10 1 10,0 71121 Construction and civil engineering activities and related technical consultancy 6 5 83,3 71129 Other engineering activities and related technical consultancy 1 1 100,0 Place of residence for science and technology educated vs. others in 2017. 100 % 12,1 90 % 22,7 11 80 % 4 8,2 70 % 10,5 60 % 50 % 40 % 72,9 30 % 58,6 20 % 10 % 0 % Science and technology educated Others Karlskoga municipality Örebro municipality Rest of Örebro County Elsewere What to do about this? Place Attractiveness Policies: The Weird and the Wonderful! .