Creative Industries and Micro & Small Scale Enterprise Development
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WORKING PAPERS Creative Industries and Micro & Small Scale Enterprise Development A Contribution to Poverty Alleviation UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Creative Industries and Micro & Small Scale Enterprise Development A Contribution to Poverty Alleviation Project XP/RAS/05/002 As a Joint Initiative by UNIDO and UNESCO Private Sector Development Branch Programme Development and Technical Cooperation Division UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION 1 2 4 5 6 3 7 8 1. Weaving Machine for ZarBaft –Iran 2. ZarBaft Textile – Iran 3. Stone-set-bowl – OTOP Thailand 4. Khes – Pakistan 5. Food Product – OTOP Thailand 6. Artificial Paper – OTOP Thailand 7. Jewel-coloured-Khes – Pakistan 8. Chairpai Legs – Pakistan Acknowledgements This publication has benefited from input provided by many experts, consultants and other professionals. Particular appreciation goes out to the UNIDO Expert Teresa Salazar who performed this analysis, as well as Olimpia Panfil, Manigeh Nojabaii, Noorjehan Bilgrami, and Selma Prodanovic. Helpful comments were received from our field offices and colleagues at the UNIDO Headquarters. We are grateful for the editorial and translation support provided by Mr. Alan Buckle. Given the novelty and complexity of the subject, the views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Secretariat of UNIDO or UNESCO. The designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNIDO’s or UNESCO’s Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of it’s authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This document has not been formally edited. Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested together with a reference to the document number. A copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint should be sent to UNIDO Headquarters at the Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300 A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Inez Wijngaarde Private Sector Development Branch Programme Development and Technical Cooperation Division UNIDO P.O. Box 300 1400 Vienna, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Contents Introduction Chapter One The Context Creative Industries-Cultural Industries Chapter Two Case Studies Chapter Three Conclusions and Recommendations Index Preface __________________________________________________________________ 9 Chapter One - The Context _________________________________________________ 10 Introduction___________________________________________________________ 11 1.1 Part One: Creative Industries - Cultural Industries ______________________ 13 1.1.1 An Evolving Concept _____________________________________________ 13 1.1.2 Definitions______________________________________________________ 13 1.1.2.1 Creativity ___________________________________________________ 13 1.1.2.2 Creative industries ____________________________________________ 14 1.1.2.3 Cultural industries ____________________________________________ 14 1.1.3 Inputs to Creative Industries ________________________________________ 15 1.1.4 Sub-sectors and Modes of Operation _________________________________ 16 1.1.4.1 Sub-sectors__________________________________________________ 16 1.1.4.2 Modes of Operation – Creative Clusters ___________________________ 17 1.1.5 Economic importance of creative industries____________________________ 18 1.1.5.1 Economic Significance ________________________________________ 18 1.1.5.2 Additional Benefits obtained from Creative Industries ________________ 19 1.1.6 Policies ________________________________________________________ 20 1.1.6.1 The Requirement for Mapping Creative Industries ___________________ 21 1.1.6.2 Financing Creative Enterprises __________________________________ 22 1.2 Part Two: Craft Creative Industries___________________________________ 24 1.2.1 The Craft Creative Industries Value chain _____________________________ 24 1.2.1.1 Policies and Services Required to Support Operation of the Chain ______ 26 1.2.2 The Role of UNIDO ______________________________________________ 27 1.2.3 Markets for Crafts________________________________________________ 29 1.2.3.1 Local and Regional Markets ____________________________________ 31 1.2 3.2 Global Market _______________________________________________ 31 1.2.3.3 Main Importers_______________________________________________ 32 1.2.3.4 ICT e-Commerce _____________________________________________ 34 1.2.3.5 Experiences in the use of ICT in Craft Industries ____________________ 36 1.2.4. Trends ________________________________________________________ 37 1.3 Conclusions________________________________________________________ 39 Chapter Two - The Case Studies _____________________________________________ 40 Introduction___________________________________________________________ 41 2.1 The OTOP Project of Thailand _______________________________________ 43 2.1.1 Background and Context___________________________________________ 44 2.1.2 The OTOP Production and Marketing System _________________________ 46 2.1.2.1 The Vision __________________________________________________ 46 2.1.2.2 Strategy and policies __________________________________________ 46 2.1.2.3 The OTOP scheme____________________________________________ 46 2.1.2.4 Principles ___________________________________________________ 47 2.1.2.5 OTOP Objectives_____________________________________________ 48 2.1.3 Inputs and Infrastructure___________________________________________ 50 2.1.3.1 Human resources _____________________________________________ 50 2.1.3.2 Participating Stakeholders ______________________________________ 52 2.1.3.3 The Communities_____________________________________________ 52 2.1.3.4 The Private Sector ____________________________________________ 53 2.1.3.5 The Government _____________________________________________ 53 2.1.4 Activities and Support Services _____________________________________ 54 2.1.4.1 Assistance in Quality and Certification ____________________________ 54 2.1.4.2 Craft Information System ______________________________________ 56 2.1.4.3 Financing and Credit Facilitation_________________________________ 56 2.1.4.4 Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Brand Registration _____________ 56 2.1.5 The OTOP Products and Marketing __________________________________ 58 2.1.5.1 The Products ________________________________________________ 58 2.1.5.2 Marketing and Distribution of OTOP Products______________________ 62 2.1.6 Economic Significance of the OTOP Project ___________________________ 63 2.1.6.1 Communities ________________________________________________ 63 2.1.6.2 Improvements in Income _______________________________________ 63 2.1.6.3 Total Sales of OTOP Products___________________________________ 64 2.1.6.4 Achievements________________________________________________ 64 2.1.7 Monitoring and Evaluation _________________________________________ 64 2.1.8 Conclusions and Recommendations __________________________________ 65 2.2 The Creative Communities of Pakistan _________________________________ 67 Introduction___________________________________________________________ 69 2.2.1 The Craft Sector in Pakistan ________________________________________ 70 2.2.1.1 Khairpur, the Selected Region ___________________________________ 70 2.2.1.2 Present Status and Potential_____________________________________ 70 2.2.1.3 Methodology used for the Case Study_____________________________ 71 2.2.1.4 Available Support Infrastructure _________________________________ 71 2.2.1.5 The Selected Crafts ___________________________________________ 72 2.2.2 The Craft Products _______________________________________________ 76 2.2.2.1 KHES ______________________________________________________ 76 2.2.2.2 Ralli _______________________________________________________ 79 2.2.2.3 Khajji ______________________________________________________ 82 2.2.2.4 Jhendri _____________________________________________________ 84 2.2.3 The Proposed Programme__________________________________________ 86 2.2.3.1 The Vision __________________________________________________ 86 2.2.3.2 Development Objectives _______________________________________ 86 2.2.3.3 Action plans: ________________________________________________ 87 2.2.4 Conclusions and recommendations___________________________________ 90 2.3 Promoting Creative industries in Iran__________________________________ 91 INTRODUCTION______________________________________________________ 92 2.3.1 Kashan_________________________________________________________ 93 2.3.2 The ZarBaft_____________________________________________________ 94 2.3.2.1 Present status of the production of ZarBaft _________________________ 94 2.3.2.2 Market _____________________________________________________ 94 2.3.3 The Persian ZarBaft production and marketing System___________________ 95 2.3.3.1 The Vision __________________________________________________ 96 2.3.3.2 Strategies and Policies _________________________________________ 96 2.3.3.3 Inputs and Infrastructure _______________________________________ 98 2.3.3.4 Production Units _____________________________________________ 99 2.3.3.5 Information: The Craft Information System _______________________ 100 2.3.3.6 The Products _______________________________________________ 101 2.3.4 The Project ____________________________________________________ 101 2.3.4.1 Development