Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage

9 CULTURAL HERITAGE 9.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter of the Environmental Statement (ES) evaluates the effects of the Development on the cultural heritage and archaeological resource. Cultural heritage and archaeological resources include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments (SMs), Listed Buildings, Registered Historic Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields and Conservation Areas, as well as non-designated archaeological remains and other archaeological remains as indicated by the Local Authority Historic Environment Records (HERs) and the National Monuments Record (NMR). The assessment is intended to identify cultural heritage resources which may be affected, either directly (e.g., through physical disturbance during construction of the Development) or indirectly (e.g., through visual changes to the historical and archaeological setting) during construction or throughout the operation and decommissioning of the Development. This chapter contains the following sections: • Methodology – describing both the methods used in baseline surveys and in the assessment of the significance of effects; • Baseline Description – a description of the condition of the site and its archaeological potential, as well as a listing of features of historic environment interest beyond the immediate site, resulting from surveys, desk-based information and consultations carried out to inform this chapter; • Development Design Mitigation – a summary of the mitigation for potential historic environment effects that has been embedded in the Development design; • Assessment of Potential Effects – identifying the ways in which the historic environment resource of the site and its environs could be affected by the proposed wind farm, including an assessment of cumulative effects; • Mitigation Measures and Residual Effects – a description of measures recommended to off-set the identified potential effects and an assessment of the significance of the effects of the Development, after mitigation measures have been implemented; • Summary of Effects; and • Statement of Significance. This Chapter is supported by the following figures, provided in Volume II: Figures of this ES and the following technical appendices, provided in Volume III: Technical Appendices of this ES: • Figure 9.1 – Archaeological Features. • Figure 9.2 – Cultural Heritage Features within 5 km. • A9.1: Archaeological Desk Based Assessment. • A9.2: Grade II Listed Buildings between 2 kilometres (km) and 5 km. 9.2 METHODOLOGY This assessment has involved: • Consultation with statutory and non-statutory authorities to obtain data establishing the baseline conditions for the site and its surrounding area; • Desk-based studies to contribute to and validate data relevant to establishing the baseline conditions; • Assessment of the potential effects of the Development upon the baseline conditions; • Assessment of the significance of the effects taking into account the sensitivity of the site (and selected features beyond the site), the magnitude of potential effects (both direct and indirect) and the likelihood of such effects occurring; and

Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-1 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement • Identification of means to mitigate and avoid, where possible, any potential effects occurring, as well as the assessment of the residual effects which may exist after mitigation. 9.2.1 Legislation, Policy and Guidance The assessment has been undertaken taking into account the following relevant legislation, policy and guidance as outlined in the following sections. 9.2.1.1 Legislation • Statutory protection for archaeology is principally outlined in the Ancient Monument and Archaeological Areas Act (1979) as amended by the National Heritage Act (1983) and nationally important sites are listed in a Schedule of Monuments. Scheduled Monument Consent (SMC) is required before any work affecting the fabric of a Scheduled Monument can be carried out. • Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas receive protection under the Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Works that affect the character and appearance of such structures require an approval from the Local Planning Authority via a procedure set out in the act. 9.2.1.2 Policy The following policy has been taken into account in this assessment: • National Planning Policy Framework (March 2012) paragraphs 126-141 sets out planning policies for the protection and conservation of archaeological remains and features of the built heritage. • The National Planning Policy Framework replaces all of the Planning Policy Guidance (PPGs) and Planning Policy Statements (PPSs) including Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment (23 March 2010). The companion guides and practice guides associated with the former PPGs and PPSs are still extant. It is understood they are ‘under review’, but details of this review has yet to be published. As such, PPS5 Planning for the Historic Environment: Historic Environment Planning Practice Guide (PPS5 Practice Guide, March 2010) still provides guidance on the interpretation of cultural heritage and archaeology policies. In addition, consideration has been given to the relevant regional and local planning policies, as detailed in section 9.3.6 of Chapter 4: Planning Policy of this ES. 9.2.1.3 Guidance The following guidance and advice was also considered: • Standards and Guidance Historic Environment Desk Based Assessments (Institute for Archaeologists 13th April 2012) advises that the aim of a desk-based assessment is to gain information about the known and potential archaeological resource within the Development site boundary and that from this an appraisal can be made on the presence or absence of archaeology; • PPS5 Planning for the Historic Environment: Historic Environment Planning Practice Guide (PPS5 Practice Guide, March 2010) provides guidance on the interpretation of cultural heritage and archaeology policies; • English Heritage (2011) Seeing the History in the View: A Method for Assessing Heritage Significance in Views ; • English Heritage (2010) The Setting of Heritage Assets ; • English Heritage (2008) Conservation Principles, Policy and Guidance ; • English Heritage (2005) Wind Energy and the Historic Environment ; and • English Heritage (2008) Climate Change and the Historic Environment. 9.2.2 Consultation In June 2011, a scoping report detailing methodologies and preliminary baseline findings was issued to both statutory and non-statutory consultees. A summary of the consultee responses is given in Table 9.1. Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-2 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage Table 9.1 Consultation Responses Consultee Response West Yorkshire Archaeology Advisory Service Indicated that they are happy with the proposal within the scoping report to include a desk based assessment (DBA) alongside the Environmental Statement. English Heritage Did not wish to offer any detailed comments on this occasion. Recommended that the Lancashire HER and Conservation Officer was consulted in addition to the West Yorkshire HER and Conservation Officer.

9.2.3 Study area The following study areas are used for the purposes of this assessment: • Archaeological core study area; • Wider study area; and • 5 km study area of the turbine envelope. All study areas used for the purpose of the cultural heritage and archaeology assessment are shown in Figures 9.1 and 9.2, Volume II of this ES. A summary of each study area is given below. The archaeological core study area including all land within the Development boundary at the time of scoping was used to identify known cultural heritage features with the potential to receive a direct impact as a result of Development. The wider study area which includes all land within a 1 km radius of the archaeological core study area was used to assess the potential for unknown buried archaeological remains that may also receive a direct impact from the Development. To identify cultural heritage features the settings of which could potentially be affected by the Development, an initial search area was defined based on distance from the Development. For the purposes of this preliminary assessment, distance was used as the principal criterion in determining the likelihood of a significant visual effect on setting. Data was initially collected on all designated features within 15 km of the turbines. Following a review of this data and using professional judgement detailed consideration was given to such features lying within 5 km of the nearest turbine as these were judged to have the potential to receive a likely significant effect on their settings. Those designated assets within 5 km (i.e., the Scheduled Monuments shown in Table 9.6) were visited in April 2011 to inform the consideration of their settings. The individual assessments (presented in section 9.5) demonstrate that no significant effects were found upon any heritage assets within 5 km and therefore the search area for the assessment is considered appropriate. The final assessment is based on the Development layout shown in Figure 1.2, Volume II: Figures of this ES and distances to cultural heritage features are taken from the nearest turbine. 9.2.4 Survey Methods A DBA was undertaken, using readily available documentary, cartographic and photographic evidence, to inform the baseline of the archaeological core study area. A wider study area including the archaeological core study area and all land within a 1 km radius was used to inform the potential for unknown archaeology. The DBA was completed in June 2012 and is provided in Technical Appendix A9.1, Volume III: Technical Appendices of this ES.

Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-3 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement A site visit was undertaken in February 2012, to validate the DBA and to identify (and if appropriate, record) any previously unrecorded cultural heritage features within the archaeological core study area. The surrounding area and key heritage receptors within this area were visited in March 2012, to assess the extent, character and nature of the baseline resource, its setting and any potential indirect effect which the Development may have. 9.2.5 Assessment of Effects Methodology The assessment of effects on the historic environment resource is concerned with direct (physical) and indirect (effect on setting) effects. 9.2.5.1 Direct (physical) effects The assessment of physical effects considers direct effects upon features of cultural heritage interest, where sites or potential sites and buried archaeological remains are in danger of being disturbed or destroyed. Physical effects are likely to occur during the construction and decommissioning phases of the Development, and are permanent and irreversible. The potential for the occurrence of direct effects was assessed by analysis of information provided by the West Yorkshire, Lancashire and Greater Manchester HERs and information derived from national datasets of designated features. Potential direct physical effects are discussed in section 9.5 of this chapter. 9.2.5.2 Indirect (visual, noise, etc.) effects The assessment of indirect effects considers changes in the setting which have the potential to affect the significance of the heritage asset. In terms of the National Planning Policy Framework, the setting consists of the surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral. Therefore, the importance of “setting” is in how it contributes to the significance of a heritage asset. Setting can therefore be tangible, such as a defined boundary, or intangible, such as atmosphere or ambience. The main concern for visual effects on a cultural heritage setting is the potential for the Development to fragment the historic landscape, separate connectivity between historic sites and impinge on views to and from sites with important landscape settings, although the visually permeable nature of the Development may permit the visible setting to a special interest to still be apparent. Wind Energy and the Historic Environment lists visual dominance, scale, intervisibility, vistas and sight-lines as well as noise, movement and light as potential effects upon features of cultural heritage interest that might be derived from wind farm projects1. Indirect effects can occur during construction, operation and decommissioning. Wind farms can have a lifespan of up to 25 years, but the visual and any other indirect effects from this form of development are considered temporary (albeit long-term) and easily reversible. Finally, the background against which the assessment takes place includes the potential for threats to occur to historic assets from climate change, as acknowledged in Climate change and the Historic Environment2. No detailed consideration of potential effects from noise or shadow flicker has been undertaken for heritage assets, since no significant above ground or built heritage features exist within or immediately adjacent to the Development to receive any such effects. 9.2.6 Zone of Theoretical Visibility The Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) model used in this assessment has been calculated from a turbine blade tip height (125 m) to a viewing height 2 m above

1 English Heritage (2005) Wind Energy and the Historic Environment. Pg. 8. 2 English Heritage (2008) Climate Change and the Historic Environment. Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-4 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage ground, over a distance of 30 km from proposed turbine locations. The ZTV is further explained in Chapter 5: Landscape and Visual of this ES. In considering potential visual effects using this methodology, the following points need to be borne in mind. Firstly, the ZTV is a theoretical construct, based upon a fairly rudimentary base terrain modelling only, with no modelling of settlement and vegetation cover. Within each “band”, based on numbers of proposed turbines theoretically visible, no distinction is made in how much of each proposed turbine would be visible. The ZTV, therefore, represents a conservative position and in reality visual effects at a particular location may be substantially less than suggested. Secondly, mechanical application of the methodology (without the use of professional judgement) will generate major and medium effects (simply based on distance and designated status), for which (in case of visual effects upon settings) no mitigation is proposed. Where this is the case, predicted medium or major effects are discussed in detail within the assessment text (in section 9.5) and any ameliorating conditions highlighted. 9.2.7 Significance Criteria The assessment of effects is based on the Development as described in Chapter 3: Project Description of this ES and is discussed in section 9.5. This assessment proceeds from a consideration of the sensitivity of a cultural heritage feature against the magnitude of any potential effect, to arrive at the significance of the effect. Sensitivity for the purposes of this assessment has been linked directly with designation status, as shown in Table 9.2. Table 9.2 Sensitivity of Cultural Heritage Features Level of Sensitivity Designation Status Very High World Heritage Sites, which are internationally important. High Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Registered Battlefields, Registered Historic Parks and Gardens, which are considered to be nationally important. Medium Regionally important archaeological features and areas (as defined in the Historic Environment Record). Conservation Areas, which are considered regionally important. Low Sites and features noted as locally important in the Historic Environment Record. Other, non-designated features of cultural heritage significance. Negligible Badly preserved / damaged or very common archaeological features / buildings of little or no value at local or other scale.

Listed Buildings are all nationally designated and are placed on lists maintained by English Heritage. Whilst they are all regarded as a nationally important resource, they are subject to a grading process (Grade I, II* and II) and this categorisation is indicative of a presumed level of sensitivity, based on rarity, period, architectural style, completeness, degree of subsequent alterations, etc. Although all Listed Buildings receive equal protection under the Law, and are considered to be of “high” sensitivity as shown in Table 9.2, the grading of a listed structure has been taken into account during the assessment process. Magnitude is a measure of the nature of the predicted effect. It has been broken down, for direct and indirect effects, as shown in Table 9.3. For the purposes of visual assessment, proximity to the Development (within the Zone of Theoretical Visibility) has been taken as one of the determining attributes. With the assessment, distances are given to the nearest proposed turbine location.

Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-5 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement Table 9.3 Magnitude Level of Magnitude Definition Very High Total loss of or major alteration to a site, building or other feature (e.g., destruction of archaeological feature, or blocking or severance of key visual or other relationship). High Major damage to or significant alteration to a site, building or other feature. Extensive change (e.g., loss of dominance, intrusion on key view or sightline) to the setting of a Scheduled Monument, Listed Building or other feature registered as nationally important, which may lead to a major reduction in the contribution of that setting to the significance of the heritage asset itself. Medium Damage or alteration to a site, building or other feature. Encroachment on an area considered to have a high archaeological potential. Change in setting (e.g., intrusion on designed sight-lines and vistas) to monuments / buildings and other features, which may lead to a moderate reduction in the contribution of that setting to the significance of the heritage asset. Low Minor damage or alteration to a site, building or other feature. Encroachment on an area where it is considered that low archaeological potential exists. Minor change in setting (e.g., above historic skylines or in designed vistas) of Monuments, Listed Buildings, sites and other features, which may lead to small reduction in the contribution the settings makes to the significance of the heritage asset. Negligible No physical effect. Slight or no change in setting, with no or very limited change in the contribution that setting makes to the significance of the asset.

The significance of any potential effect can be arrived at by matching sensitivity against magnitude as shown in Table 9.4. Table 9.4 Significance of Predicted Effects Magnitude Very High High Medium Low Negligible

Sensitivity

Very High Major Major Moderate Moderate Minor

High Major Major Moderate Minor Not significant

Medium Moderate Moderate Moderate Minor Not significant

Low Moderate Moderate Minor Not significant Not significant

Negligible Not Not Not Not significant Not significant significant significant significant

Where a potential rating of “moderate” or “major” significance has been predicted for features using the above matrix based (“mechanical”) approach, such features have been selected for more detailed consideration in section 9.5. This includes a definition of the setting of each feature, considering its designation status, as well as its essential attributes or values (evidential, historical, aesthetic and communal as defined in English Heritage’s Conservation Principles). An assessment is made using professional judgement of the extent to which the defined setting is affected by the Development bearing in mind the values which contribute to the asset’s significance (in terms of the English Heritage’s Conservation Principles), as well as the contribution which the setting makes to the significance of the cultural heritage asset it relates to, and a final assessment of significance is given.

Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-6 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage Potential effects that are assessed as “minor” or “not significant” are both considered to be “not significant” in terms of the EIA Regulations. As noted previously, the assessment has taken an approach in which the designation status (sensitivity) of a feature is set against the degree of intervisibility with the Development, based primarily on distance, assuming that this will be a determinant in the degree of magnitude of any change that might be caused. Simple intervisibility with turbine is not necessarily considered to be harmful. Where considered appropriate, consideration has been given to the effect that proposed turbines will have on the settings of historical assets in views towards the asset which include the proposed turbines, as well as in views towards the Development from the asset. Forest, woodlands and hedges, as well as buildings, can provide visual screening to the cultural heritage features and, where appropriate, this is taken into account in the detailed assessments of specific features. However it is noted that in managed forest the level of screening will alter and views may be opened up over time, which are currently non-existent and vice versa. It should also be noted that the matrix based approach is used in conjunction with professional judgement, based on experience. Where considered necessary, effect on specific features, or individual or groups of assets at greater distances, not identified as “moderate” or “major” significance by the matrix approach have been subject to additional assessment. 9.2.8 Assessment of Cumulative Effects A cumulative effect is considered to be an additional effect upon cultural heritage resources arising from the Development in combination with other existing, consented, or proposed developments likely to affect the cultural heritage environment. Features that lie at a distance greater than 5 km from a wind farm are considered unlikely to receive a significant cumulative effect and, therefore, for purposes of the assessment of cumulative effects, only wind farm schemes (in scoping or planning, consented, under construction, or existing operational wind farms) within approximately 10 km of the Development have been considered. The potential for a significant cumulative effect is considered likely to occur only within the zone where the ZTVs for each wind farm scheme included in the cumulative effect assessment would overlap within this range, i.e., where each development is theoretically simultaneously visible. These developments have been identified through consultation with the relevant local authorities, are shown in Table 9.5 and discussed in more detail in section 9.6. Table 9.5 Developments considered to have the potential to contribute to cumulative effects Development Summary Causeywayside Farm Single Wind Turbine A single wind turbine with a tip height of 54.5 m, refused within 6 months of this application. Coal Clough Wind Farm A wind farm of 24 turbines with tip heights of 49 m. Currently operational. Coal Clough Repowering Wind Farm A wind farm of eight turbines, all with a tip height of 110 m. Currently in planning. This wind farm would replace the currently operational Coal Clough Wind Farm. Crook Hill Wind Farm A wind farm consisting of twelve turbines, all 125 m to tip. Consented and awaiting construction. Reaps Moss Wind Farm A wind farm consisting of three turbines, 125 m to tip. Consented and awaiting construction. Scar End Farm Wind Farm A wind farm consisting of four turbines, 34.2 m in height. Refused, currently being appealed Scout Moor Wind Farm A wind farm of 26 turbines, 100 m tip height. Currently operational. Todmorden Moor Wind Farm A wind farm consisting of five turbines 125 m to tip. Consented and awaiting construction.

Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-7 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement 9.3 BASELINE CONDITIONS 9.3.1 Archaeological core study area description The archaeological core study area is located between Todmorden and Bacup. It is fully situated within the county of West Yorkshire (WY), however it is bordered by the counties of Lancashire (L) and Greater Manchester (GM). The site covers an area of approximately 2.07 km2. Running through the centre of the site is Howroyd Clough which feeds into Gorpley Reservoir. To the north of Howroyd Clough the land is agricultural in nature, consisting of improved pasture. To the south of Howroyd Clough is open moorland. There are five non-designated features recorded by the West Yorkshire, Lancashire and Greater Manchester HERs and the NMR as being sited within the archaeological core study area. These features include an abandoned track (WYHER number 4698, reference number 1) an undated square enclosure (NMR number 924997, reference number 15) and a 20th century mining ventilation shaft (LPRN number 10406, reference number 9). There are also records of findspots of Neolithic and Bronze Age flints (NMR 46118, reference number 18) and Mesolithic flint blades (NMR 902263, reference number 12). The location of these sites is depicted by their reference number in Figure 9.1: Archaeological Features. During the site walkover 25 potential archaeological features were identified within the archaeological core study area. To the north of Howroyd Clough these identified features were largely agricultural features such as ridge and furrow an evidence of former field boundaries thought to be Post-medieval/Modern in date. To the south of Howroyd Clough a number of features thought to be associated with mining were identified as well as some features of a more ambiguous nature which would require further investigation to establish their purpose or date. For full details of the results of the DBA see Technical Appendix A9.1, Volume III: Technical Appendices of this ES. As shown in Figure 1.2, Volume II: Figures of this ES, the access track from Bacup Road (the A681) passes in a southerly direction between the Rossendale Way footpath and Limers Gate bridleway before turning east to approach the Development. The access track up to this point forms part of the consented infrastructure for the Reaps Moss wind farm. The Environmental Statement for the Reaps Moss wind farm notes that there are numerous cultural heritage features in close proximity to the proposed access track. These features are all post-medieval in date and relate to 19th century boundary stones, mine shafts and quarries and are considered to be of low sensitivity. 9.3.2 Archaeological Potential As discussed in section 9.3.1 the archaeological core study area contains a total of 27 known and potential archaeological features. These indicate that there is low-moderate potential for unknown buried archaeological remains to survive within the Development footprint. Analysis of known archaeological sites and remains within the core and wider archaeological study area, as recorded by the WYHER, LHER, GMHER and NMR, indicates that this archaeology is likely to date from the post-medieval period and relate to evidence of mining and agriculture. It is also considered that there is some potential for sites of an earlier date in areas of undisturbed ground or where layers of peat have accumulated. In light of this information it is considered that there is low-moderate potential for Local-Regionally important unknown buried archaeological remains to survive within the Development footprint. It is considered that there is low potential for further unknown, nationally important archaeological remains. Based on the available evidence (and considering the date and type of features that are known), it is considered that remains are most likely to be post-medieval in date.

Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-8 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage 9.3.3 Heritage Assets beyond the Archaeological Core Study Area There are no nationally designated cultural heritage features situated within the archaeological core study area. However there are a total of 198 designated heritage assets within 5 km of the Development and the ZTV. These heritage assets are considered to have the potential to receive a significant effect as a result of the Development and as such have been summarised below and subjected to a detailed assessment as part of this ES. 9.3.3.1 Scheduled Monuments There are two Scheduled Monuments within 5 km of the proposed turbines, both of which lie within the Zone of Theoretical Visibility and have the potential to receive an effect upon their settings. These are listed in Table 9.6 (identified by their National Heritage List (NHL) Entry number) and discussed in Section 9.5: Assessment of Potential Effects. Table 9.6 Scheduled Monuments within 5 km and the ZTV National Scheduled Monument Approximate Distance and Heritage List Direction from the Entry Number Development 1018254 Enclosed Bronze Age urnfield 200 m 4.6 km NE T5 north west of Hanging Field Farm 1009288 Wayside cross known as Mount Cross 4.9 km N T2

9.3.3.2 Listed Buildings There are 195 Listed Buildings of all grades within 5 km of the proposed turbines and the ZTV. Of these, two are Grade I and eight are Grade II*, with the remainder being Grade II. Of the Grade II Listed Buildings identified 17 are situated within 2 km of the proposed turbines and the ZTV. These are listed in Table 9.7 and discussed in section 9.5: Assessment of Potential Effects. Table 9.7 Grade I and II* Listed Buildings within 5 km and Grade II Listed Buildings within 2 km and the ZTV National Listed Building Name Grade Approximate Heritage List Distance and Entry Number Direction from the Development 1228988 The Unitarian Church I 2.9 km NE T5 1228980 Todmorden Town Hall I 3.2 km NE T5 1134570 Dobroyd Castle II* 2.4 km NE T5 1228983 Todmorden Hall II* 3 km NE T5 1072857 Forest House II* 3.3 km W T1 1230848 Stansfield Hall II* 4.1 km NE T1 1278321 Woodhouse Mill, Engine House and II* 4.6 km NE T5 detached Chimney 20 metres to south 1133763 Bean Hole Head Farmhouse and II* 4.8 km NE T5 attached Barn 1133774 Higher Ashes Farmhouse II* 4.9 km NE T5 1133773 Lower Ashes Farmhouse II* 4.9 km NE T5 1134583 Barn at Lower Ditches II 930 m SE T5 1185405 Milestone at NGR SD 896 239 II 1.3 km NW T1 1185394 South Midgeldon II 1.3 km N T2 1314082 Middle Midgeldon II 1.3 km N T2 1133779 North Midgelden II 1.4 km N T2 1185399 Barn to north east of Middle II 1.4 km N T2 Midgeldon 1314083 Barn to north of North Midgelden II 1.4 Km N T2 1231167 Independent Chapel II 1.4 km NE T2 1229745 North Ramsden II 1.5 km SE T5 1278553 Lower Hanging Shaw II 1.6 km N T2 Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-9 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement National Listed Building Name Grade Approximate Heritage List Distance and Entry Number Direction from the Development 1314081 Halshaw Clough II 1.7 km NE T3 1279304 Heys Farmhouse II 1.7 km E T5 1133776 House to north-west of Friths II 1.8 km NE T5 Farmhouse 1185357 Friths Farmhouse II 1.8 km NE T5 1229341 Nicklety II 1.9 km E T5 1230971 Two Standing Stones to north and II 1.9 km NE T5 south of Lane between Stones Grange Farm and Stones Farm at NGR SD 9522359 and NGR 92252380 1230903 Plunge Bath to south of Stones House II 2 km NE T5 in Ground

The remaining Listed Buildings are all Grade II and situated between 2 and 5 km. These have been subject to assessment in Technical Appendix A9.2, Volume III of this ES and the results have been considered in section 9.5 of this chapter. 9.3.3.3 Registered Historic Parks and Gardens There is one Registered Historic Park and Garden within 5 km of the proposed turbines and the ZTV. This is Whitworth Cemetery; a Grade II Registered Garden situated approximately 3.4 km south-west of the nearest turbine (T4). It is considered that this Registered Historic Park and Garden has the potential to receive an indirect effect upon its setting and as such is subject to further assessment in section 9.5. 9.3.3.4 Registered Battlefields There are no Registered Battlefields situated within 5 km of the proposed turbines. Therefore this resource has not been discussed further. 9.3.3.5 Conservation Areas There are two Conservation Areas situated within 5 km of the proposed turbines. These are listed in Table 9.8 and discussed in section 9.5: Assessment of Potential Effects. Table 9.8 Conservation Areas within 5 km Conservation Area Name Local Approximate Authority Distance and Direction from the Development Todmorden and extensions 1 and 2 Calderdale 2.01 km NE T5 Lumbutts and Mankinholes and extension Calderdale 3.5 km NE T5

9.3.4 Information Gaps No geophysical or intrusive survey has been undertaken within the archaeological core study area. It is considered that a geophysical survey would be inappropriate considering the background geology. Notwithstanding this, it is considered that information gathered as part of the DBA, and presented in A9.1, is sufficient to allow an informed assessment of the likelihood of the potential for significant effects to occur on known and unknown (buried) archaeological remains within the Development footprint.

Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-10 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage 9.4 DEVELOPMENT DESIGN MITIGATION 9.4.1 Mitigation of Direct Effects A total of five archaeological features as recorded by the WYHER, LHER, GMHER and the NMR have been identified as located within the archaeological core study area. In addition to this a further 25 potential archaeological features were identified during the site walkover. The layout of the Development has sought to avoid these features, therefore avoiding any direct impacts upon known archaeological features and securing preservation in situ. 9.4.2 Mitigation of Indirect Effects Measures to protect heritage features from effects on their settings have been ‘built in’ to the design of the Development. These measures are largely the same as measures implemented to reduce other environmental effects, such as noise and shadow flicker, and centre around maximising distance between the proposed turbines and receptors. The cultural heritage receptors identified in section 9.3 are located very close to residential receptors, and hence measures to reduce effects on one category have the same effect on the other. The effects assessed in this section are those that have the potential to arise from the Development as set out in Chapter 3: Project Description of this ES, following implementation of the embedded mitigation. 9.5 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS 9.5.1 Potential Construction Effects 9.5.1.1 Direct The Development will not have any direct effect upon any known cultural heritage features designated or otherwise. The site is considered to retain some potential for unknown, buried archaeological remains. Any remains that do survive are likely to be locally or regionally important. Access is proposed via the access track which has been consented as part of the Reaps Moss wind farm. It anticipated that if the Reaps Moss wind farm is constructed any direct impacts upon know or unknown cultural heritage assets will have already occurred and been addressed prior to the use of the track during the construction of the Development. No additional direct effect is considered likely to occur. If Reaps Moss wind farm has not been constructed prior to the construction of the Development, the construction of the access track may lead to direct impacts upon the identified features which are situated in close proximity to this route. These features are considered to be of low sensitivity, should these features be damaged or destroyed they are likely to receive an effect of high - very high magnitude. As such this potential effect is considered to be of minor-moderate significance and may be significant in terms of the EIA Regulations. Such effects would be reduced by appropriate mitigation (see section 9.6). Any ground work has the potential to cause disturbance or damage to unknown, buried archaeological remains. Should any archaeological remains be encountered they would be likely to receive a direct impact, constituting a minor or moderate effect that may be significant in terms of the EIA Regulations. Such effects would be reduced by appropriate mitigation (see section 9.6). Although not forming a part of this application, a grid connection will be required to allow power generated by the Development to be exported to the national grid. The indicative grid connection is briefly described in Chapter 3: Project Description of this ES. It is understood that the connection is likely to be made via an underground cable, which will be buried in the roadside verge. This activity will be subject to a separate consenting process and does not form part of this assessment. However, it is considered that the cable works, if located in the roadside verges, will be unlikely to cause significant damage or destruction to known or unknown buried archaeological

Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-11 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement remains. It is likely that any potential impacts could be mitigated by the implementation of an archaeological monitoring programme (should the construction method permit) leading to preservation by record, and this could be handled by an appropriately worded planning condition. 9.5.1.2 Indirect Potential indirect effects (upon settings of features of cultural heritage interest) are considered in respect of the operational form of the Development. Construction effects (such as the erection and operation of cranes, etc.) will be temporary only and their effects will not differ from, or be of a greater magnitude than, those anticipated from the operational form of the Development. 9.5.2 Potential Operational Effects 9.5.2.1 Direct No direct effect upon any archaeological remains are anticipated during the operation of the Development, as any direct impacts will have occurred and been mitigated during construction (see section 9.5.1.1). 9.5.2.2 Indirect The potential for indirect effects upon cultural heritage features and their setting is considered below. Scheduled Monuments Scheduled Monuments are nationally designated and considered to be of ‘high’ sensitivity. Two Scheduled Monuments lie within both the ZTV and 5 km of the proposed turbines. The potential for them to receive effects as a result of the Development is considered below. • 1009288 Wayside Cross known as Mount Cross Mount Cross is situated on farmland north of Pudsey and Cornholme on the edge of Stansfield Moor, approximately 4.9 km north of the nearest turbine (T2). The monument is a gritstone wayside cross, crudely carved but well preserved. The cross head survives intact which is rare. The cross is believed to date to the 10th or 11th century and would have acted as a waymarker on an often used transport route. The monument is situated beside a public footpath which runs from Todmorden up to several major routes including the Burnley Way. It is surrounded by pastoral farmland and there are extensive views from the monument towards the south in good weather, however these views can often limited by fog and mist resulting in poor visibility. The monument has been scheduled as it is a well-preserved example of a wayside cross which contributes to the understanding of medieval religious customs in the area and to knowledge of medieval settlement patterns and routeways. The setting of the monument is formed by its relationship to local routeways and its situation between Todmorden and Burnley. The topography and nature of the area contribute significantly to this setting, demonstrating the difficult nature of the terrain through which this monument acted as a waymarker. Fog and mist, in particular, adds to the understanding of the cross as it enables the viewer to understand the use of the monument as an important landmark reference point. It is views towards this landmark reference point which primarily contribute to the significance of the cross. Elements of the setting which further contribute to the monument’s significance include the monument’s relationship to the footpath connecting Todmorden and Burnley, which enables an interpretation and understanding of the historic and functional value of the cross, as well as the immediate surroundings and atmosphere of the cross location, which allow appreciation of the cross within its original location. The Development will be visible in views from the monument towards the south. However it will not be visible in any views alongside the monument, this is due to the

Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-12 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage monument’s comparatively small scale and the distance at which the Development will be situated. It is considered that the Development will not be a dominant or overshadowing feature in views from or in association with the monument, due to the distance at which the Development will be situated. The Development will not be situated at such a location as to affect the ability to understand and interpret the monument and its relationship to its surroundings, nor will the Development interrupt views from the monument towards either Todmorden or Burnley. The Development will therefore not affect those elements of the monument’s setting which contribute to its significance. As such the Development is considered to have an effect of negligible magnitude and therefore the significance of the potential effect is assessed as not significant. • 1018254 Enclosed Bronze Age Urnfield 200 m north-west of Hanging Field Farm This monument is situated north of Todmorden, approximately 4.6 km north-east of the nearest turbine (T5). The monument consists of an urnfield surrounded by a low, subcircular bank. The monument has been subject to previous excavation however it is still thought to retain further cremation burials and other archaeological remains. The monument is situated on Todmorden Golf Course. The land surrounding the monument has been heavily landscaped to facilitate the golf course. The hillside location of the monument means there are extensive views to the south. There are fewer than 50 identified examples of enclosed Bronze-Age Urnfields in England, their rarity contributing to the monuments importance. The monument has been scheduled to protect the monument’s archaeological potential. Due to the monument’s low visibility (i.e., its limited above ground presence) it can only be experienced from its immediate surroundings and this defines the monument’s immediate setting. However the monument’s situation on the hillside with extensive views to the south means that the monument’s wider setting can be considered to extend outwards in this direction. Due to the heavy landscaping surrounding the monument, the monument’s setting as described is considered to contribute little to the monument’s significance. Views towards the south however do offer some ability to interpret the former prominent location within which the monument is situated. As the monument has a limited above ground presence it is considered that views towards the monument do not contribute greatly to the monument’s value. It is considered that the monument’s significance and value largely lies in the remaining sub surface archaeological remains, which the monument has been designated to preserve. The Development will be visible in views from the monument towards the south-west. However it will not be visible in any views alongside the monument, due to the monument’s limited above ground presence and the distance at which the Development will be situated. It is considered, due to the distance at which the Development will be situated, that the Development will not be a dominant or overshadowing feature in views from the monument or its setting. Finally, it is considered that the Development will not alter those aspects of the monument’s setting which are considered to contribute to the monument’s significance. As such the Development is considered to have an effect of negligible magnitude and therefore the significance of the potential effect is assessed as not significant. Grade I and II* Listed Buildings within 5 km of the Development All Listed Buildings are nationally designated and for purposes of this assessment are considered to be of ‘high’ sensitivity. There are nine Grade I and II* Listed Buildings within 5 km of the Development and the ZTV considered to have the potential to receive significant effects to their setting. The potential for these heritage assets to receive an effect as a result of the Development is considered below.

Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-13 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement • 1228988 The Unitarian Church The Unitarian Church (Grade I Listed Building) is situated within the town of Todmorden, approximately 2.9 km north-east from the nearest turbine (T5). The Church was constructed in 1865 -69 by John Gibson for Samuel, John and Joshua Fielden. The building can be approached via a driveway from the north-east and a Lodge (Grade II Listed Building, NHL entry number 1228987) is situated at the entrance. The Church is surrounded by mature trees with a lawn to the front of the building. The Church has a tall spire and its location has been carefully chosen so that it can be seen from Dobroyd Castle (NHL entry number 1134570), the familial home of the Fielden’s, which was also designed and constructed by John Gibson. The Unitarian Church has been listed to protect its architectural, aesthetic, communal and historical values. The immediate setting of the church can be defined as the churchyard within which it is situated. This encloses all functioning aspects of the church and provides a location off the road and away from the centre of the town in which to appreciate the church. In a wider sense the church’s setting extends to the town of Todmorden within which it holds communal and historical value. The setting is also considered to include views to and from Dobroyd Castle, where the patrons of the church resided. A designed view from the castle towards the church originally featured as part of the design however this view is now largely obscured by mature trees however the intended view is still interpretable. The immediate setting of the building is considered to contribute to the Church’s significance as this not only contains associated buildings and features with which the building holds a functional and historical relationship with but also provides an aesthetically pleasing surrounding in which to appreciate the church. In addition to this the visual link between the church and Dobroyd Castle are also considered to contribute significantly to the church’s value as this allows interpretation and understanding of the 19th century systems of patronage and wealth operating within the town of Todmorden. It is considered that there will be limited views towards the Development from the church, however, there will be no view of the Development in association with the church due to the topography of the area. It is considered that the Development will not overshadow the church or disconnect the church from its historical associations and will not intersect the visual connection between the church and Dobroyd Castle. The Development will have no effect upon those aspects of the building’s setting which are considered to contribute to its significance and value. As such, it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon the church and its setting, and the significance of the potential effect is, therefore, assessed as not significant. • 1228980 Todmorden Town Hall Todmorden Town Hall (Grade I Listed Building) is situated in the centre of Todmorden on the T-junction of the A6033 and the A646, approximately 3.2 km north-east of the nearest turbine (T5). It is an elaborate building, opened in 1875. The building uses imagery which reflects its location, the principal industries of the area and the values which were to be promoted at the time. Its central location indicates the importance of the building and the activities which took place there to the Todmorden community The building has been listed to protect the high historical, architectural and communal values which it holds. The immediate setting of the building is defined by the centre of the town of Todmorden, as it is in this town that the building functioned and would have held high communal value. In a wider context the buildings setting can be considered to extend to the surrounding towns and villages as the building would have played a key role in the interaction of Todmorden with the surrounding area. Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-14 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage It is considered that the immediate setting of the building, as described, contributes to the buildings significance. It is here that the architectural and communal value it best understood. This setting is also enclosed and therefore the only part of this building’s setting from which the building is visible. It is considered that the Development will not be visible from the building or its immediate vicinity, as although situated within the ZTV it is considered that the surrounding buildings and mature trees will offer adequate screening. The only exception may be in views from the upper floors of the Town Hall. Here, however it is considered that the Development will only appear as a relatively small feature within limited views. It is therefore considered that the Development will not affect any aspect of the building’s setting which contributes to its significance or value. The Development will not sever any links the building holds with the surrounding area nor will it affect the architectural significance of the building. As such, it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon the building or its setting (and hence the significance of the building itself will be unaffected), and the significance of the potential effect is, therefore, assessed as not significant. • 1134570 Dobroyd Castle Dobroyd Castle (Grade II* Listed Building) is situated on the hillside north of the Todmorden Road (A681) and west of Todmorden, approximately 2.4 km north-east of the nearest turbine (T5). The building is situated within enclosed grounds, with designed gardens which include a boating lake and are bordered by mature trees. The building can be approached from the south by the tree lined Pexwood Road. The building is orientated with the principal façade facing eastwards. The building has been listed to protect its architectural, aesthetic and historical values. The setting of the building can be defined as the grounds within which it is situated. This encloses all associated buildings and landscape features relevant to understanding the building as a mansion house. This setting also provides an aesthetically pleasing atmosphere in which to view the building. The setting is enclosed by mature trees which screen views to and from the building although originally there would have been a visual link between Dobroyd Castle and the Unitarian Church (NHL entry number 1228988) Todmorden. The immediate setting of the building is considered to contribute to Dobroyd Castle’s significance as this not only contains associated buildings and features with which the building holds a functional and historical relationship with but also provides an aesthetically pleasing surrounding in which to appreciate the building. In addition to this the former visual link between the church and Dobroyd Castle and the Unitarian Church is also considered to contribute significantly to the building’s value as this allows interpretation and understanding of the 19th century systems of patronage and wealth operating within the town of Todmorden. It would have also provided a visual link connecting this body of work by the architect, John Gibson. However it is noted that the setting, as is, screens the visual connections between Dobroyd Castle and the church detracting from understanding and interpretation in this respect; however, it encloses and enhances relationships between the castle and other buildings situated throughout the estate. It is considered that the Development will not be visible from or in association with this building and its setting. The mature trees which border the setting and the approach to the castle effectively screen views to and from the building and its setting. The building is orientated to take advantage of views it would have formerly had eastwards out over Todmorden and to the Unitarian Church and the hills beyond, the Development would not be situated within this view. As such, it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon the setting of the building (and hence the significance of the building itself will be unaffected), and the significance of the potential effect is, therefore, assessed as not significant. Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-15 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement • 1228983 Todmorden Hall Todmorden Hall (Grade II* Listed Building) is situated south of the Unitarian Church in Todmorden, approximately 3 km north-east of the nearest turbine (T5). The building is a large house, constructed in early 17th century now converted to a restaurant. It is located within its associated gardens, which have been partially converted to a car park for the restaurant. The principal façade of the building faces eastwards. The building has been listed to protect its architectural and historical value. The setting of the building is largely defined by the gardens within which the building is situated. The building does not hold extensive views in any direction and later buildings now screen any views that the building may have previously held. In a wider context the building’s setting extends to the town of Todmorden within which the building and its owners would have operated. It is considered that it is the immediate setting which contributes to the significance of the building, as this is the area within which the architectural and historical value is best appreciated. It is not anticipated that the Development will be visible within or from the setting of this building. Although situated within the ZTV it is likely that the surrounding buildings and mature trees will screen views of the Development. It is also considered unlikely that the Development will be seen in views in association with the house as there are no long views towards the house. As such it is considered that the Development will not alter the contribution that the building’s setting makes to the understanding, interpretation, appreciation or significance of the building. Therefore the significance of the potential effect is assessed as not significant. • 1072857 Forest House Forest House (Grade II* Listed Building) is situated within the centre of Bacup, approximately 3.3 km west of the nearest turbine (T1). It is a large house, designed by John Foster of Liverpool in c. 1828. It is situated off Bankside Lane, from which the driveway drops down the hillside to the front of the house. The house is surrounded by tall mature trees which effectively screen the building from views from the east; however the house’s location on the hillside means that upper floors of the buildings are likely to have views over these trees. The building has been listed to protect its architectural value. The building is an elaborate example of 19th century neoclassicism in a domestic context. The immediate setting of the building can be defined as the grounds within which the building is situated in. This immediate setting has an enclosed feel which is formed by the dense mature planting which surrounds the building. In a wider context the setting of the building extends to the views which would formerly have been available to the north-east. The location and position of the building is such that these formerly would have been expansive, across the town of Bacup and out to the surrounding hills. These views are now significantly limited by the mature planting; however they may be clearer from the upper floors of the house. It is considered that it is the immediate setting of this building which contributes to its significance. Due to the surrounding screening it is from only within this immediate setting that the architectural value can be appreciated. The views to the north-east are also considered to contribute to the building’s significance, however it is noted that this view is only appreciable from the upper floors of the building and even from here are restricted by the surrounding mature trees. It is considered that the Development will not be situated within the setting of this building. There will be no significant views from the building in the direction of the Development, and in particular the Development will not be visible in views to the north-east. The Development may be visible in views from the top floors of the building

Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-16 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage eastwards. However this is not a view considered to add to the buildings significance and the orientation of the building means that these views of the Development are likely to be restricted. It is considered that the Development will not be visible in third views in association with the building, due to the screening offered to the building by the surrounding mature planting. As such, it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon the setting of the building (hence the significance of the building itself will be unaffected), and the significance of the potential effect, is therefore, assessed as not significant. • 1230848 Stansfield Hall Stansfield Hall (Grade II* Listed building) is situated north of Todmorden in Priestwell, aproximately 4.1 km north-east of the nearest turbine (T1). Stansfield Hall is a large house originally constructed in 1640 and extended in 1862. The house is surrounded by gardens bordered by mature trees. The building has been listed to protect its historical and architectural value. The immediate setting of the building is considered to be limited to the gardens within which it is situated. These gardens are enclosed by mature planting. This immediate setting contributes aesthetic value to the building in which to appreciate its architectural significance. In a wider context the building’s setting can be considered to include views to the south over Todmorden out to the hills, which the building has been orientated to take advantage of, therefore enhancing the buildings aesthetic value. It is considered that the Development will not be situated within the setting of this building. There will be no significant views from the building in the direction of the Development due to the surrounding mature planting, and the Development will not be visible in views to the south. It is also considered that the Development will not be visible in association with the building from third viewpoints, due to the small scale of the building and its position cut into the hillside. As such, it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon the building and its setting (hence the significance of the building itself will be unaffected), and the significance of the potential effect, is therefore, assessed as not significant. • 1278321 Woodhouse Mill, Engine House and Detached Chimney 20 m to south Woodhouse Mill its engine house and chimney (Grade II* Listed Building) is situated on north-eastern outskirts of Todmorden, approximately 4.6 km north-east of the nearest turbine (T5). The building is a former mill, constructed in 1832 and now converted into flats. The Chimney is situated to the south of the main mill building. The building is situated on the Rochdale Canal which would have been an important transport link, bringing in coal and raw materials and exporting finished goods. To the east of the building is a block of mature woodland and to the west the canal extends down the valley towards Todmorden. The building is situated in a prominent hillside location and the chimney and tall tower of the main building make the building a landmark feature of the town. The building has been listed for its historical and architectural importance. The building’s historical importance is high as the building is one of the earliest mills to be designed to be entirely powered by steam. The development of steam was an important advancement of the industrial era allowing mills to be sited away from rivers and to be less subject to seasonal changes to water flow. The setting of the building is closely defined by its canal side location. The connection to the canal contributes to the buildings significance by allowing an understanding of the operation and transport connection of the building. The setting also covers the three buildings, (the mill, the chimney and the engine house) and all elements which demonstrate how they interacted. Although the building holds extensive views out to

Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-17 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement the hills to the west these views are not considered to contribute to the buildings value and therefore are not considered intrinsic to the building’s significance. It is considered that although the Development may be visible in views to the south- west it will not affect the buildings setting as these views do not contribute to the buildings significance. The Development will not separate elements which contribute to the understanding, interpretation or appreciation of the building nor will the Development overshadow or appear as a significant feature within key views of the building. As such, it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon this building and its setting (hence the significance of the building itself will be unaffected), and the significance of the potential effect, is therefore, assessed as not significant. • 1133763 Bean Hole Head Farmhouse and attached Barn Bean Hole Head farmhouse (Grade II* Listed Building) is situated north of Todmorden, approximately 4.8 km north-east of the nearest turbine (T5). The barn dates to the early 18th century whilst the house has been dated to 1638. The house retains many original features including particularly impressive internal plaster work. The building is situated in a large well established garden and holds extensive views southwards. Views to the west are not as expansive due to the topography of the hillside. The building has been listed to protect its architectural value and in particular to protect its original features, which the building has retained in a particularly good state of preservation. The immediate setting of the building can be defined by the gardens within which it is situated and it’s roadside location. This immediate setting has an enclosed feel which is formed by the designed nature of the garden. In a wider context the setting of the building extends to the views afforded to the south, towards Langfield Common. The location and position of the building is such that these views are expansive. It is considered that it is the immediate setting of the building which contributes to the buildings value and significance as this is where the architectural value of the building is best appreciated. It is considered that the Development will not be situated within the setting of this building as described. There will be no significant views from the building in the direction of the Development, and in particular the Development will not be visible in views to the south. The Development may be visible in views from the setting south- westwards. However this is not a view considered to add to the building’s significance or the significance which the setting contributes to the building. It is also considered that the Development will not be visible in third views alongside the building due to the small scale of the building and its position cut into the hillside. As such, it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon this building and its setting (hence the significance of the building itself will be unaffected), and the significance of the potential effect, is therefore, assessed as not significant. • 1133774 Higher Ashes Farmhouse • 1133773 Lower Ashes Farmhouse Higher Ashes Farmhouse (Grade II* Listed Building) is situated north of Todmorden, approximately 4.9 km north-east of the nearest turbine (T5). The house dates to 1691 and has been described as the finest example of a Yeoman clothier’s house in the Todmorden region. The house is situated approximately 150 m uphill from Lower Ashes Farmhouse (Grade II* Listed Building). Lower Ashes Farmhouse has been dated to 1610 and was formerly a cloth merchant’s house. Both houses are situated within grounds surrounded by farming land and each house has its own ancillary buildings, some of which are listed at Grade II.

Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-18 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage The buildings have been listed to protect their architectural and historical value. They are both particular good example of buildings related to trade and the cloth industry in West Yorkshire. The immediate setting of the buildings can be defined by their grounds and their relationship to one another. However the buildings can also be considered to hold a wider setting; firstly the buildings hold extensive views to the south over the hills and secondly the owners of these houses would have had an important relationship with the town of Todmorden and its associated cloth industry. It is therefore considered that the setting of these buildings includes these elements. It is considered that it is the buildings’ immediate setting which contributes to the building’s significance. It is considered that the Development will not be situated within the setting of either of these buildings. There will be no significant views from the buildings in the direction of the Development, and in particular the Development will not be visible in views to the south. The Development may be visible in views from the setting south-westwards. However this view is not a view considered to contribute to the buildings’ significance. The Development will not sever the relationship between the buildings or to their ancillary building’s nor will it intersect their relationship to the town. It is considered that the Development and buildings will not be visible in views from third points due to the small scale nature of the buildings. As such, it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon these buildings and their setting (hence the significance of the buildings themselves will be unaffected), and the significance of the potential effect, is therefore, assessed as not significant. Grade II Listed Buildings within 2 km of the Development Grade II Listed Buildings are nationally designated and, for the purposes of this ES, are considered to be of ‘high’ sensitivity. Seventeen Grade II Listed Buildings lie within 2 km of the Development and the ZTV. These have been assessed for potential indirect effects below. • 1134583 Barn at Lower Ditches The Barn at Lower Ditches is situated to the west of Todmorden, approximately 930 m south-east of the nearest Turbine (T5). This building is a barn which is situated in relatively open countryside. It is surrounded by its own yard with associated farm buildings situated to its north. The building has been listed to protect its architectural and historical value. Of particular importance is the relative rarity of this type of barn which uses pointed stone arches rather than timber trusses. The immediate setting of the building is considered to be defined by the yard within which it is situated and within which it holds relationships with other buildings which contribute to the interpretation and understanding of the barn. The setting contributes relatively little to the buildings significance as it is the unusual architectural design which is considered to underlie the building’s value. The immediate setting however does set the building in an agricultural context. The Development will be visible from the barn and its setting in views to the west and will form a significant new feature within these views. However this is not considered to be a significant effect as the Development will not fragment the historic landscape nor be visible in a key, designed view intrinsic to understanding and interpretation of the barn or its purpose. This change will not affect the architectural significance of the barn for which the barn has primarily been listed and will not affect the contribution the setting of the building makes to its significance. As such it is considered that the Development will have an effect of low magnitude and therefore the significance of the effect is considered to be minor. This is not significant in terms of EIA Regulations.

Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-19 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement • 1185405 Milestone at NGR SD 896239 This milestone is situated along the A681, approximately 1.3 km north-west of the nearest turbine (T1). The setting for both these features is considered to be a highly localised setting dependant on its roadside location. As this setting will not be changed by the addition of the Development, the Development is considered to contribute an effect of negligible magnitude and the potential effect upon the building’s setting is assessed as not significant. • 1133779 North Midgelden late 18th century cottages • 1185394 South Midgeldon 17th century house • 1185399 Barn to north east of Middle Midgeldon mid 18th century barn • 1314082 Middle Midgelden early 18th century house • 1314083 Barn north of North Midgelden Farmhouse late 18th century barn • 1278553 Lower Hanging Shaw This collection of buildings (all Grade II listed) is situated off the A681, between approximately 1.3 km and 1.6 km north of the nearest turbine (T2). These buildings include a 17th century house (1185394), an early 18th century house (1314082), a mid 18th century barn (1314082) some converted late 18th century cottages (1133779), a late 18th century barn (1314083) and a laithe house (1278553). These buildings are situated alongside a number of modern farm buildings on the northern side of the Clough Foot Valley. Access to the buildings is from the south via a farm track/driveway. All of the buildings are aligned with their principal façades facing either east or west. The buildings have been listed for their historical and architectural importance. Collectively they show the development of a farmstead from the 17th century through to the modern day. The Laithe House is of particular interest contributing to the understanding of the contribution textile manufacture to the economy of farms in West Yorkshire. The immediate setting of these buildings is defined by the yard within which they are situated and by the surrounding buildings which form the farmstead. The significance of the buildings is contributed to by their collective situation which allows the buildings’ function and purpose to be understood. Although there are views towards the south and the Development, these views are not considered key to the understanding and interpretation of these buildings and therefore are not considered to contribute to the buildings’ significance. It is considered that although the Development may be visible in views to the south it will not affect the buildings’ immediate setting. The ability to interpret and understand the buildings will remain unaffected and the location of the Development to the south of the valley means that a degree of separation between the buildings and the Development will be maintained. It is therefore considered that the Development will not affect the buildings’ significance and will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon the buildings and their setting. The significance of the potential effect, is therefore, assessed as not significant. • 1231167 Independent Chapel The Independent Chapel is situated on a side road off the A681, approximately 1.4 km north-east of the nearest turbine (T2). The Chapel was constructed in 1854 and is a tall ashlar constructed building, located in an elevated position on the hillside. The building’s principal façade faces eastwards over a chapel yard. The building has been listed in order to preserve its high architectural, historical and communal value. The building retains all its original internal features which add to its historical value. The immediate setting of the building can be defined as the chapel yard within which it is situated. This forms the operational setting of the church and provides an aesthetically pleasing surrounding within which to appreciate the building. In a wider Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-20 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage sense the building’s setting can be considered to extend to include the building’s relationship with the surrounding houses and the community, for which it was built to serve. The setting as a whole contributes to the aesthetic, historical and communal value of the building. It is considered that the Development will be visible in views southwards from the building and its setting. However it is considered that the Development will not overshadow or detract from the buildings significance or setting as the situation of the Development to the south of the valley means that a degree of separation between the buildings and the Development will be maintained. The Development will not affect the ability to interpret, understand or appreciate the building’s significance or the significance which the building’s setting contributes. As such, it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude and the significance of the potential effect, is therefore, assessed as not significant. • 1314081 Halshaw Clough Row of 4 cottages Halshaw Clough is situated along the A681 on the southern edge of Stones Wood, approximately 1.5 km north-east of the nearest turbine (T5). The building is a 19th century row of four cottages. The building is situated immediately off the A681 at the bottom of the valley. The building’s principal façade faces southwards. The building has been listed for its historical and architectural value. The building’s setting is defined by its roadside location and this setting is enclosed by mature trees situated to the north and south. The enclosed nature of the setting provides aesthetically pleasing surroundings in which to view the building, however the setting contributes little to the understanding, interpretation and appreciation of the building. As the setting is enclosed by the valley and the surrounding mature trees it is anticipated that the Development will not be visible from this building or its setting. As such, it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon this building and its setting (hence the significance of the building will be unaffected), and the significance of the potential effect, is therefore, assessed as not significant. • 1229745 North Ramsden North Ramsden is situated to the west of Todmorden, approximately 1.5 km south-east of the nearest turbine (T5). This building is a farmhouse which is situated in relatively open countryside. It is surrounded by a yard however there are extensive views to the north, east and west. The building has been listed to protect its architectural and historical value. The immediate setting of the building is considered to be defined by the yard within which it is situated and within which it holds relationships with other buildings which contribute to the interpretation and understanding of the farmhouse building. In a wider sense the buildings setting may be considered to extend to the surrounding farmland, the management for which the building was constructed. The Development will be visible from the farmhouse and its setting and will form a significant new feature within these views. However the Development will not fragment the landscape nor be visible in a key designed view intrinsic to understanding and interpreting the farmhouse and its purpose. As such it is considered that the Development will have an effect of minor magnitude and therefore the significance of this is considered to be not significant. • 1279304 Heys Farmhouse Heys Farmhouse is situated to approximately 200 m north-west of Nicklety and approximately 1.7 km east of the nearest turbine (T5). This building is an early 18th Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-21 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement century Grade II listed farmhouse. The building is surrounded by a farmyard with associated farm buildings and structures. The building has been listed to protect its architectural and historic value. The immediate setting of this building is defined by the yard within which it is situated and by the surrounding buildings which form the farmstead. The significance of the building is contributed to by its surrounding farm buildings which allow the building’s function and purpose to be understood. Although there are views towards the south of the Development, these views are not considered key to the understanding and interpretation of this building and therefore are not considered to contribute to the building’s significance, it is therefore considered that only the immediate setting makes a significant contribution to the building’s value. The Development will be visible in views from this building and its setting however it is considered that the Development will not fragment the setting nor will it separate the building from its association with the surrounding farmyard and farm buildings. The Development will not affect the contribution to significance that the setting has on the value of the building. It is therefore considered that the Development will have an effect of low magnitude upon the building and its setting and the significance of the potential effect is therefore assessed as minor. This is not significant in terms of EIA Regulations. • 1133776 House to north-west of Friths Farmhouse • 1185327 Friths Farmhouse Firths Farmhouse and the house to the north west of the farmhouse is situated on the northern side of the valley to north of the A681, approximately 1.8 km north-east of the nearest turbine (T5). The buildings can be accessed from a footpath which runs from east to west or from a driveway which approaches the buildings from the south-east. Both houses are surrounded by small gardens with pasture land situated beyond. The house to the north-west is in a derelict condition. To the south of the buildings are a line of mature trees. The buildings have been listed for their historical and architectural importance. The house to the north-west also has high evidential value as it retains evidence relating to the domestic textile industry, and in particular ‘wuzzing stick’ holes which were holes used in handloom weaving. The immediate setting of these buildings is defined by their situation on the hillside, their relationship to one another and their gardens and the surrounding pasture land. This setting is limited by the mature trees situated to the south of the buildings. These do not prevent views to the south but do restrict these views and directs attention into the valley rather than across it. This gives the setting a sense of enclosure. The rise of the hill to the north of the building limits views in this direction. It is considered that it is the immediate setting which contributes to the building’s significance. It is considered that there may be limited views southwards from the buildings towards the Development. This however is not considered to affect the ability to understand or interpret the buildings and their setting. The Development will not fragment the buildings’ setting nor affect the evidential value which the buildings hold. As such, it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon these buildings and their setting (hence the significance of the buildings will be unaffected), and the significance of the potential effect, is therefore, assessed as not significant. • 1229341 Nicklety Nicklety is situated approximately 1.9 km east of the nearest turbine (T5). It is a Grade II 18th century house, three-storeys in height. To the south, west and east of the building are gardens which are bordered by mature planting. To the north of the building is a block of mature woodland.

Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-22 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage The building has been listed to protect its architectural and historical value. The setting of this building is considered to be limited to the gardens which surround the building and contribute to its aesthetic value. This setting has an enclosed feel due to the mature planting which borders the garden. Although there may be views to and from this building, they are not considered to contribute to the buildings significance and value. It is considered that due to the mature planting which surrounds the building and its setting, views towards the Development will be limited. The Development will not intersect the building’s setting or affect the ability to appreciate, interpret or understand the building and its setting. As such, it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon this building and its setting (hence the significance of the building itself will be unaffected), and the significance of the potential effect, is therefore, assessed as not significant. • 1230903 Plunge Bath to south of Stones House in ground • 1230971 Two standing stones to north and south of lane between Stones Grange Farm and Stones Farm at NGR SD92522359 and NGR 92252380 The plunge bath to the south of Stones House and the two standing stones to the north and south of the lane are Grade II Listed Buildings situated approximately 2 km north- east of the nearest turbine (T5). The plunge bath is rectangular in plan with dressed stone retaining walls to a depth of several feet. It is an unusually early example. The plunge bath is surrounded by a high stone wall which encompasses the buildings of Stones House and further screening from the surrounding area is provided by mature garden planting. The standing stones are situated to the north-west of the plunge pool in an open field and although a date has not been determined are thought to be prehistoric. The stone to the north is approximately 3.5 m in height and is visible from the surrounding countryside. These features have been listed to protect their architectural, archaeological and historical values. Although these features are situated within close proximity their settings vary greatly. The setting of the plunge pool is an enclosed and private setting. The structure is not visible from the surrounding area and the walls which surround it are high preventing views in or out. This setting is intrinsic to the building’s understanding. Plunge pools were developed from the trend for coastal and spa bathing and were intended to promote good health and longevity. As the building would have been used for bathing, privacy would have been essential and the enclosed setting would have provided this. It is therefore considered that the setting, as described, contributes to the understanding and appreciation of the building and therefore its significance. It is considered that the Development will not be visible from the plunge bath or its setting as defined above. Due to the building’s enclosed setting and well screened nature the Development will not be visible in views towards from or in association with the building or its setting. It is therefore considered that the Development will not affect the contribution the setting makes to the buildings significance. As such it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon this building and its setting and therefore the significance of the potential effect is assessed as not significant. The setting of the standing stones however, is rather more open. Situated in an open field the north stone is of such a height that it is a visible feature from the surrounding area. There are clear views from the stones out to the surrounding hills and this contributes to the stones interpretation as a landmark. It is considered that both the immediate and the wider setting of the stones contribute to their understanding, interpretation and appreciation and therefore to their significance.

Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-23 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement In relation to the standing stones it is considered that the Development will be visible in views from this feature and its setting to the north-west; however, it is considered that the Development will be situated at such a distance as to appear as a relatively minor feature in a much wider panoramic view. Due to the distance at which the Development is situated it is also considered that the Development will not detract from the feature’s landmark value, as it will not restrict possible views towards the monument. It is also considered that the Development will not fragment the feature’s setting as it considered that the Development will not disconnect the feature from any associated monuments. As such it is considered that the Development will have an effect of low magnitude upon this building and its setting and therefore the significance of the potential effect is assessed as minor. This is not significant in terms of EIA regulations. Grade II Listed Buildings situated between 2 and 5 km of the Development In addition to the buildings assessed above there are a further 169 Grade II buildings in the ZTV situated between 2 and 5 km of the Development. These are considered to have the potential to receive effects upon their settings. An assessment of the potential effect of the Development upon these buildings and their settings has been undertaken (and is presented in Technical Appendix A9.2). The results of this assessment are summarised below. In all cases, the buildings largely fall into two setting categories. These categories are rural farmland and urban townscape settings. These settings are enclosed in nature and the buildings within them often have connections to other buildings and structures within these settings. These relationships are intrinsic to the historic and functional understanding and appreciation of the buildings and their importance. The Development is not considered to have an effect upon these relationships or settings. It is therefore considered for the 169 Grade II Listed Buildings situated between 2 and 5 km that the Development contributes an effect of negligible magnitude upon features of high sensitivity and therefore the significance of this effect is considered to be not significant in all cases. Registered Historic Parks and Gardens Registered Parks and Gardens are nationally designated and considered to be of high sensitivity. There is one Registered Historic Park and Garden situated within 5 km of the Development and within the ZTV. The potential for it to receive an effect upon its setting is considered below. • 1000475 Whitworth Cemetery Whitworth Cemetery (Grade II Registered Historic Park and Garden) is situated on the eastern outskirts of the town of Whitworth, approximately 3.6 km south west of the nearest turbine (T1) at its nearest point. The cemetery was opened in the 1870s with the first burials taking place in 1879. The cemetery has three single storey chapels situated within the centre of the cemetery and the memorial stones are situated around these buildings. The chapels and the majority of the memorials face westwards over Whitworth. The cemetery is situated on the western face of the hillside and to the east of the Hud Clough. The main entrance to the cemetery is situated to the west. Only the southern part of the cemetery is situated within the ZTV, however due to mature planting which borders the cemetery on all sides this visibility is limited. The cemetery has been designated to protect its high evidential value as it not only retains a large collection of 19th and early 20th century funerary monuments but also its original 1870s layout. The immediate setting of the cemetery is defined by the cemetery as bordered by the mature planting, low stone retaining walls and the Hud Clough to the west. This setting contributes greatly to the significance of the cemetery retaining the original layout and preserving the symbology which was used in many cemeteries of this date. In a wider

Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-24 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage context the setting of the cemetery extends to the views which can be gained westwards over Whitworth and towards the hills. It is of note that wind turbines are currently situated within this view. This setting contributes significantly to the setting of this cemetery. The layout of the cemetery is symbolic in nature and the views towards the west play a significant part in this. The Development will not be situated within the setting as described and as such will not separate the cemetery from any of its symbolic or functional components. It is considered that due to the mature planting which surrounds the cemetery the Development will not be visible from the cemetery. As such the Development is not considered to affect the setting and hence will not affect the significance of the park and garden (an effect of negligible magnitude), the significance of the potential effect is therefore assessed as not significant. Conservation Areas • Todmorden Todmorden Conservation Area is situated approximately 2.01 km north-east of the nearest turbine (T5). The town of Todmorden is believed to have had medieval origins and has grown through its significant role within the textile industry. The town preserves buildings which relate to the wealthy yeomen clothiers of the 17th century through to the textile mill of the industrial revolution and late 19th century. The Conservation Area covers the principal civic, industrial, commercial and ecclesiastical buildings of the town centre and other buildings which are considered to the townscape or special character of the town. These buildings are largely situated within the valley and along the valley sides. The setting of the Conservation Area includes the town its outskirts and its relationship to the historic transport and communications networks which run throughout the town. There are few significant views towards the town, due to the hilly countryside and mature woodland which surround the town. The town is considered to have a wider historical setting which extends out to the surrounding towns and isolated farmsteads for which the town would have played an important role. It is considered that it is the immediate setting which contributes to the Conservation Area’s significance. This setting is considered to be introspective in nature. The majority of the Conservation Area is situated within the valley and therefore is located outside of the ZTV. The remaining areas situated within the ZTV are considered to have restricted views in the direction of the Development due to the built up nature and mature woodland which surrounds the town. Due to the introspective nature of the Conservation Area and its setting it is considered that where there may be limited views towards the Development these will not affect the ability to interpret, understand or appreciate the Conservation Area. As such it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon this Conservation Area and as such the effect is assessed as not significant. • Lumbutts and Mankinholes The Lumbutts and Mankinholes Conservation Area is situated approximately 3.5 km north-east of the nearest turbine (T5). This area is rural in character and retains the buildings and packhorse trails of the early cloth industry as well as later industrial revolution cloth mills and non-conformist chapels. The Conservation Area covers the principal buildings of the villages, and a number of the surrounding fields. The setting of the Conservation Area is considered to cover the area as designated by the local authority. This setting is considered to be largely introspective in nature. It is considered that this is the area which contributes to the Conservation Area’s significance. It is considered that there are only limited views from the Conservation Area to the Development. These views will be achievable from the fields included within the Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-25 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement Conservation Area but are not considered possible from the villages due to the mature woodland and planting which surrounds them. Due to the introspective nature of the Conservation Area and its setting it is considered that where there may be limited views towards the Development these will not affect the ability to interpret, understand or appreciate the Conservation Area. As such it is considered that the Development will have an effect of negligible magnitude upon this Conservation Area and as such the effect is assessed as not significant. 9.5.2.3 Potential decommissioning Effects No direct effects upon any known features of cultural heritage interest are anticipated from the decommissioning phase of the Development. The decommissioning phase of the Development will restore the site to its pre-Development appearance, and hence there will be no indirect effects of the Development on features of cultural heritage interest during this phase. 9.5.2.4 Micrositing As set out in Chapter 3: Project Description of this ES, the possibility of micrositing of the turbines by up to 20 m and other infrastructure by up to 10 m, where constraints allow, may be considered. Such relocations have been considered when undertaking the assessments presented above, and they would not affect the conclusions drawn for any considered effect. 9.6 MITIGATION MEASURES AND RESIDUAL EFFECTS This section presents specific measures adopted through the different phases of the Development. No effects have been predicted in Section 9.4 to be significant in terms of the EIA Regulations; however the following mitigation has been proposed to minimise any non-significant effects. Embedded design mitigation, as detailed in Section 9.4 has sought to avoid any known archaeological features, therefore avoiding any direct impacts. In addition to this, it is proposed that archaeological sites be fenced off to ensure avoidance. It is likely that this will consist of a visible barrier, although more robust fencing will be provided if necessary. The purpose is to prevent plant encroaching onto these known remains. As noted in section 9.3, it is considered that there is moderate potential for unknown archaeological remains to survive within the footprint of the Development. Where unknown remains are encountered, these remains may be destroyed or damaged by excavations work required for the construction of the Development. However, given their likely low sensitivity, it is considered that they can be preserved by record therefore mitigating the residual effect. It is therefore proposed that a programme of archaeological work be implemented so as to lead to preservation by record. The scope and extent of any such programme would be agreed and approved by the Local Planning Authority, and could consist of trail trenching or other intrusive investigation to be carried out in advance of construction, or by a watching brief during construction. In the case of the latter, provisions would be made to allow appropriate recording and investigation of any remains encountered. Any archaeological fieldwork will be followed by an assessment of the generated archive (records and finds), and a programme of specialist analysis undertaken on any artefacts or ecofacts recovered, as appropriate. The results of these post-excavation phases will be published and disseminated appropriately and an archive deposited with an approved receiving body (i.e., creating the Record that preservation by record seeks to achieve). All phases of work (including post-excavation) will be agreed in advance by means of the approval of Written Schemes of Investigation by the Local Planning Authority.

Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-26 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage It is considered that the implementation of a suitable phased programme of archaeological work can be secured through the imposition of an appropriately worded condition to any planning consent. After the implementation of an appropriate scheme of archaeological mitigation leading to preservation buy record as described above, the potential effect is considered to be negligible and therefore not significant. In regards to the joint access track, situated outside of the core study area, it is anticipated that any direct impacts will have already been encountered during the construction of the consented Reaps Moss wind farm and these effects will have been mitigated by imposition of the condition attached to the planning permission3, which states: “No development shall take place until the applicant has secured the implementation of a programme of archaeological work in accordance with a written scheme of investigation which has been submitted by the applicant and approved in writing by the local planning authority. In the event of any previously unidentified or disclosed archaeological remains being found during the course of the development, any works that may affect those said remains shall cease until an archaeological recording/preserving programme has been approved in writing with the local planning authority. The development shall then only proceed in accordance with the details of that approved recording/preserving programme.” If Reaps Moss wind farm is not constructed prior to the construction of the Development, it is intended that this Development will conform to the above planning condition, therefore mitigating any direct impacts which may be encountered along this route. Indirect effects of minor significance have been anticipated for the Barn at Lower Ditches (NHL entry number 1134583), North Ramsden (NHL entry number 1229745), Heys Farmhouse (NHL entry number 1279304) and the Two Standing Stones to north and south of lane between Stones Grange farm and Stones Farm at NGR SD 9252 2359 and NGR 9225 2380 (NHL entry number 1230971). No specific mitigation (beyond that embedded in the Development design) has been proposed (or considered practicable) in respect of potential indirect effects upon the settings of any cultural heritage assets. Decommissioning of the Development will have the effect of removing any indirect visual effects upon the settings of heritage assets beyond the Development, as no part of the remaining infrastructure will be visible from any of the heritage assets assessed above. 9.7 CUMULATIVE EFFECT ASSESSMENT This assessment considers the potential for cumulative effects to occur on the settings of cultural heritage features arising from the addition of the proposed turbines to a baseline situation which includes the following wind farm schemes: Causeywayside Farm (single turbine, refused but within 6 months of this application), Coal Clough wind farm (24 operational turbines), Coal Clough Repowering wind farm (eight turbines, currently in planning, which if approved will replace Coal Clough wind farm), Crook Hill wind farm (twelve consented turbines), Reaps Moss wind farm (three consented turbines), Scar End Farm wind farm (four turbine, currently under appeal), Scout Moor wind farm (26 operational turbines) and Todmorden Moor wind farm (five consented turbines). In undertaking the assessment, use has been made of the cumulative ZTVs produced as part of the landscape and visual assessment (Figure 5.12 in Volume II: Figures of this ES.). Further detail on cumulative effects can be found in Chapter 5: Landscape

3 Appeal Decision Notice - Planning Appeal Refs: APP/B2355/A/08/2067355 & APP/A4710/A/08/2062365, Condition Number 16. Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-27 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement and Visual of this ES. Locations of the wind farms under discussion are shown in Figure 5.11 in Volume II: Figures of this ES. It is considered that, based on the results of the individual assessments in section 9.5 only those cultural heritage assets situated on the higher upland ground with wider or more extensive settings are considered to have the potential to receive a significant cumulative effect. Cultural heritage assets within the valleys have been shown to have limited settings often screened by the topography for the landscape and surrounding blocks of mature woodland. Therefore these heritage assets are considered not to have the potential to receive significant cumulative effects. Based on sensitivity and distance it has been considered that the following cultural heritage assets, assessed in groups as appropriate, have the potential to receive a significant cumulative effect, and this potential is assessed below. • The Barn at Lower Ditches (NHL entry number 1134583) • North Ramsden (NHL entry number 1229745) • Heys Farmhouse (NHL entry number 1279304) It is anticipated that due to their upland location these buildings have the potential to receive significant cumulative effects as a result of the addition of the Development to a baseline situation which contains Crook Hill, Reaps Moss and Todmorden Moor wind farms (respectively situated to the south, west and north-west of this group of buildings). As assessed in Section 9.5, the impact assessment of the Development, independently of surrounding wind farm developments, determined that these buildings are likely to receive an effect of low magnitude as a result of the Development in isolation. This effect is anticipated as the Development will appear as a significant new feature within views from these building westwards. The magnitude of the effect is considered to be of minor magnitude as the value of the buildings is largely considered to be related to their immediate setting and their architectural significance which the Development will not affect. As these building’s are situated in upland locations it is anticipated that both the highlighted baseline developments and the Development will be visible from these buildings and that a wind farm landscape will be created which will be visible when looking southwards to north-westwards from these buildings. The addition of the Development will mean that additional turbines will be visible in views to the west at a closer proximity than would have been visible based on the baseline alone. Despite this the wind farms will not fragment the buildings’ setting nor affect their historical and architectural value which is largely retained within the buildings’ immediate setting and fabric (as defined in section 9.5). As the combined Developments will not lead to a reduction in the contribution the buildings’ setting makes to their significance but will together result in a change in the views to the south to north-east it is considered that the cumulative effect will be of low magnitude and the significance of the cumulative effect is therefore assessed as minor. This is not significant in terms of EIA Regulations. • 1230971 Two standing stones to north and south of lane between Stones Grange Farm and Stones Farm at NGR SD92522359 and NGR 92252380 It is anticipated that due to its upland location this feature has the potential to receive a significant cumulative effect as a result of the addition of the Development to a baseline situation which contains Crook Hill, Reaps Moss and Todmorden Moor wind farms (south, west and north-west of these stones respectively). As assessed in Section 9.5, the impact assessment of the Development, independently of surrounding wind farm developments, determined that the two Standing Stones near Stones Farm are anticipated to receive an effect of minor magnitude as a result of the Development. This effect is anticipated as the Development will appear as a significant Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-28 October 2012 Gorpley Wind Farm Chapter 9 Environmental Statement Cultural Heritage new feature within views from this feature southwards. The magnitude of the effect is only considered to be minor as the value of the building is related to its evidential value which the Development is considered not to affect. Due to the open setting of the standing stone there will be clear views from the stones out to the surrounding hills. As a result of these developments and the Development, there would be turbines visible in every long distance view from the stones. As these views form part of the stones setting which contributes to the significance of the stones (as defined in Section 9.5). However the developments will not fragment the features historic landscape nor sever any connections the feature may have held with similar features in the surrounding area. However, it should be noted that the feature’s significance also lies within the stones evidential value, upon which there will be no cumulative effect. As such it is considered that the addition of the Development to the baseline will have an effect of low magnitude, resulting in an effect of minor significance. • 1072857 Forest House It is anticipated that due to its upland location this building has the potential to receive a significant cumulative effect as a result of the addition of the Development to a baseline situation which contains Reaps Moss wind farm (east of these stones respectively). As assessed in Section 9.5, the impact assessment of the Development, independently of surrounding wind farm developments, determined that Forest House is anticipated to receive an effect of minor magnitude as a result of the Development. This effect is anticipated as the Development will appear as a new feature within views from this feature eastwards. The magnitude of the effect is only considered to be minor as the value of the building is related to its architectural value retained within its fabric which the Development will not affect. It is also considered that the Development is not situated within a designed vista. It is anticipated that the addition of the Development to the baseline will result in their being additional turbines visible directly behind those of the Reaps Moss wind farm in views eastwards from the upper floors of the building and will not significantly alter these limited views. As such it is considered that the cumulative effect will be of low magnitude and therefore the effect is assessed as minor. This is not significant in terms of EIA Regulations. 9.8 SUMMARY OF EFFECTS Table 9.9 Summary of Effects Potential Effect Mitigation Residual Effect

Construction Effects No direct effects upon known archaeological Implementation of an Effects may be of remains. Limited potential for damage or appropriate scheme of minor to moderate destruction of unknown archaeological remains archaeological work, significance prior to due to groundworks. consisting of a mitigation. watching brief on Implementation of previously un-worked mitigation reduces land during effect to not construction and significant. preservation by record if required. No indirect effects are anticipated during None proposed. Not significant. construction.

Kelda Water Services Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd October 2012 Page 9-29 Chapter 9 Gorpley Wind Farm Cultural Heritage Environmental Statement Potential Effect Mitigation Residual Effect

Operational Effects No direct effects are anticipated during None proposed. Not significant. operation. Some Potential visual effects of minor None proposed. Not significant. significance (not significant in terms of the EIA Regulations) are anticipated on the settings of: • Barn at Lower Ditches (Grade II Listed Building) • North Ramsden (Grade II Listed Building) • Heys Farmhouse (Grade II Listed Building) • Two Standing Stones to north and south of lane between Stones Grange farm and Stones Farm at NGR SD 9252 2359 and NGR 9225 2380 (Grade II Listed Building)

Decommissioning Effects No direct effects upon known or unknown None proposed. Not significant. archaeological remains are predicted. Removal of potential indirect effects (not None proposed. Not significant. assessed as significant or requiring mitigation) on setting of some heritage assets beyond the Development.

9.9 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE No significant direct effects arising from construction of the Development are anticipated upon any designated heritage assets. Although there is considered to be low-moderate potential for unknown (buried) archaeological remains to survive under the Development footprint, mitigation is proposed in the form of an appropriate programme of archaeological recording, leading to preservation by record. Known features within the archaeological core study area have been taken into consideration in the design phase and avoided, preserving the remains in situ. Further to this, it is proposed that the edges of known archaeological sites are fenced off to ensure that these remains are not affected during construction. It is likely that this will consist of a visible barrier, although more robust fencing will be provided if necessary. The purpose is to prevent plant encroaching on these known remains. No significant effects have been identified upon the settings of any cultural heritage assets arising from the Development, either in isolation or as an addition to other wind farm developments in the wider area, therefore no mitigation has been proposed or considered necessary beyond that embedded in the final design layout.

Arcus Renewable Energy Consulting Ltd Kelda Water Services Page 9-30 October 2012