SUMMARY OF THE WHITE PAPER ON LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND TOURISM IN JAPAN, 2020 Policy Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism（MLIT） Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Summary of the White Paper on Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in Japan, 2020 Special Feature: Response to COVID-19 1. Emergence and Spread of COVID-19 2. Measures to Prevent the Spread of Infection 3. Impact on and Responses in the Fields of Land, 4. Future Measures Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Part I Design Reform of Society and Livelihood ~ The Challenge Toward the MLIT�s 20th Anniversary ~ Chapter 1 Environmental Changes Surrounding Japan and the MLIT�s Efforts to Address Them 1. Environmental Changes Surrounding Japan 2. The MLIT�s Efforts to Address Environmental Changes Chapter 2 Various Environmental Changes Expected in the Future 1. Forecasts Concerning Social Structure 2. Forecasts Concerning the Global Environment 3. Forecasts Concerning the International and Natural Disasters Environment Chapter 3 Issues to be Addressed by and the Future Direction of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Administration 1. To Keep Safety from Disasters 2. To Achieve a Sustainable Infrastructure Maintenance Cycle 3. To Secure Regional Transportation 4. To Get Overseas Vitality 5. To Make Use of New Technologies Part II Trends in MLIT Policies ~ Report on Trends in Each Field of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Policies by Policy Issue ~ 1 Special Feature: Response to COVID-19, Part (1) 1. Emergence and Spread of COVID-19 ����������������������� �������� �������������������������������� ������������������������ • SARS-CoV-2, which causes the disease COVID-19, is one type of coronavirus. Coronaviruses include the viruses that cause ������ the common cold as well as SARS and MERS. ������ �������������������������� • Infection may cause fever and respiratory symptoms lasting about a week. About 80% of affected individuals experience a ������ ������������������������������������� mild course, however the risk of death is higher than for seasonal �u, and the elderly and those with underlying conditions ����� have a higher risk of severe disease. ������������������� ����� �������������� • The routes of infection are mainly droplet transmission and contact transmission, with a high risk of infection spread in the ����������������� �Three Cs� (closed spaces, crowded places, and close-contact settings). ����� • The disease emerged in Wuhan, China in late December 2019, and spread around the world, including Japan. � • As of May 31, the total number of people infected (cumulative) was approximately 6 million worldwide and 16,884 in Japan. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2. Measures to Prevent the Spread of Infection • The MLIT mainly implemented the following measures: (i) From February 1, requested airlines and international passenger ship operators to (1) Establishment of a Response Headquarters inform passengers about the entry ban, check passports, and cooperate with CIQ • Jan. 30 In view of the spread of COVID-19 worldwide, the Novel Coronavirus Response authorities. Headquarters was established. The MLIT also established a response headquarters. (ii) Mar. 6 Requested that arrival airports for air passenger �ights from China and South (Reference) • Late December 2019 First outbreak in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, Korea be limited to Narita International Airport and Kansai International Airport. China (iii) Apr. 1 Requested a reduction in the number of passengers arriving on air passenger • Jan. 15, 2020 First infection in Japan �ights from foreign countries by reducing the number of �ights. • Jan. 30, 2020 WHO declared a state of emergency (5) Measures to Prevent the Spread of Infection in Japan (2) Evacuation of Japanese Nationals from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China • Feb. 26 The Government Response Headquarters requested the cancellation, • In response to a lockdown in Wuhan, China, the government returned 828 Japanese postponement, or reduction of the scale of events. nationals staying in the city on �ve chartered �ights to Japan. • Feb. 27 It was requested that all schools in Japan be temporarily closed. • The MLIT mainly implemented the following measures: (3) Response to the Outbreak on the Diamond Princess (i) Requested thorough measures to prevent infection and prompt reporting in the case • Feb. 3 The large cruise ship Diamond Princess of infection by railway, bus, and aviation operators, Michi-no-Eki, expressway SAs and arrived at the port of Yokohama and began PAs, and national parks. quarantine. (ii) Implemented announcements on public transportation such as railways and buses • Mar. 1 The disembarkation of about 3,700 crew calling for staggered work hours, telework, and thorough infection prevention measures. and passengers was completed. Diamond Princess (iii) For the Golden Week holidays, made calls at major airports, railway stations, road traf�c information centers, Michi-no-Eki, and expressway SAs and PAs. Provided road (4) Strengthening of Border Enforcement Measures information boards for people to refrain from crossing prefectural • Feb. 1 In response to a decision of the Government Response Headquarters, an borders, and requested the exclusion of holiday discounts for entry ban was placed on foreign nationals who had stayed in Hubei Province, China. express way tolls during the period. Since then, the ban was gradually expanded to other countries and regions (111 (iv) Implemented temperature inspection by thermography at Haneda Airport, etc. and assisted with temperature inspection conducted countries as of May 31). Temperature inspection by local governments at railway stations. at Haneda Airport 2 Special Feature: Response to COVID-19, Part (2) (6) Measures for Affected Industries • Apr. 7 A state of emergency was declared, until May 6, in the prefectures of Saitama, • Feb. 13 The Government Response Headquarters decided the Novel Coronavirus Disease Chiba, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Osaka, Hyogo, and Fukuoka. (COVID-19) Emergency Response Package. • Apr. 16 Thirteen prefectures�Hokkaido, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Gifu, Aichi, Kyoto plus those • Mar. 10 The Government Response Headquarters decided the Second Novel Coronavirus mentioned above�were designated for stepped-up measures, and the state of emergency Disease (COVID-19) Emergency Response Package. was expanded nationwide. • Apr. 20 The Cabinet approved Emergency Economic Measures to Cope with COVID-19 • May 4 It was decided to extend the duration of emergency situation measure worth 117 trillion yen (20% of Japan�s GDP), the country�s largest-ever supplementary budget. implementation until May 31. • May 27 The Cabinet approved a second supplementary budget (approx. 32 trillion yen), • May 14 The state of emergency was lifted in 39 prefectures, excluding Tokyo, Saitama, which combined with the �rst supplementary budget brought the scale of the project to over Chiba, Kanagawa, Osaka, Kyoto, Hyogo, and Hokkaido. 230 trillion yen. • May 21 The state of emergency was lifted in Osaka, Kyoto, and Hyogo prefectures, and continued in �ve prefectures. (7) Declaration of a State of Emergency • May 25 The state of emergency was lifted nationwide. • Mar. 13 An amendment to the Act on Special Measures for Pandemic In�uenza and New Infectious Diseases Preparedness and Response was enacted and promulgated, and, * Essential workers in many �elds, such as public transportation, logistics, and public works, engaged in their COVID-19 was included in the act. duties to maintain the functions of those �elds even during the state of emergency. 3. Impact on and Responses in the Fields of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (1) Impact of COVID-19 in Various Fields With the spread of COVID-19, the number of users and reservations decreased signi�cantly in tourism- and transportation-related industries due to people staying home to prevent the spread of infection, resulting in an extremely signi�cant impact on business. For this reason, the MLIT conducted a survey to understand the actual situation in these industries. (As of May 31) (i) Lodging Reservations (Versus the Same Month Last Year) (June and July are Forecasts) (iii) Aviation (Responses) • Regarding lodging reservations, Feb. 4% 256 • The number of passengers carried by Japanese air carries was, for approximately 90% of facilities declined Mar. 19% 27% 109 international �ights, down 98% in May and expected to decline by 95% in more than 70% in May and, again, about Apr. 11% 83% 108 June and, for domestic �ights, down 93% in May and expected to decline 90% of facilities were expecting declines May 6% 89% 108 by 88% in June. of more than 70% in June, with the Jun. 11% 89% 106 situation expected to remain extremely Jul. 13% 82% 106 Passengers Carried (Number of Reservations Versus the Same severe. No adverse effect Down 0% to 10% Down 10% to 20% Month Last Year) (Respondents: 17) Down 20% to 30% Down 30% to 50% Down 50% to 70% Down more than 70% (ii) Travel * Actual results for Feb. to May * Reservations as of May 31 for Jun. to Jul. • Reservations with major travel agencies 100% Reservations (Versus the Same Month last Year) (June and July are Forecasts) 99% for overseas travel, domestic travel, and [10 major agencies] [47 small/medium agencies*] 77% International flights travel to Japan were all close to zero in Overseas travel Domestic travel Travel to Japan * Almost all business is domestic travel Domestic