NYPL RESEARCH LIBRARIES
3 3433 06727968 1
MINEJ
Jkesentcb to
i , :;H,V YORK ICLIBTUP.Y
AND tUUNDATIONS Dedicated to the Memory of
Thf L;ite Sarclar Dayal Sinuh Majithi.i, of tkf gteatnt benefactors of lint ;nv>nMrr. PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS Being Biographical and Analytical Sketches of Twenty Hindu Ministers, Judges. Politicians. Educationists and Legislators of the Punjab by some well-known Writers of this Province
EDITED SY N. B. SEN Editor, "The Literary Star," Lahore. Author of "Thoughts of Shakespeare," etc.
NEW BOOK SOCIETY
PUBLISHERS. POST BOX 47. LAHORE. PRICK Kt'PKKS TEN. t .
PUNJAB'S EMINENT W
THF MW YU(U PVBLlf LIBRARY 403398B
' A.-TI - f> t uf t ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONTENTS
Personality. Author. Page.
CHHOTU RAM, Chowdhri Sir, ... Mr. M.L. Bhardwaj. 13
GANESH DUTT, Goswami, ... Prof. Wadhawa Ram 17
GANGA RAM, the late Sir, ... Mr. B.P.L. Bedi. 24
GOKUL CHAND NARANG, Dr. Sir, ... Pt. Ram Lai Tara. 34
GOPAL DAS, R. B. Lala, ... N. B. Sen. 44
HANS RAJ, the late Mahatma, ... Prof. Sri Ram. 48
IIAR DAYAL, the late Dr. ... Mr. Dharm Vir. 57
HARKISHEN LAL, the late Lala, ..'. Mr. K. L. Gauba. 71
JAI LAL, Rai Bahadur Sir, ... Lala Ganpat Rai. 77
KRISHNA KISHORE, D. B. Diwan, ... Prof. K. M.Dogra. 81
LAJPAT RAI, the late Lala, ... Prof.D.C.Sharma. 85
MANOHAR LAL, Dr. Sir, ... Mr. M.L. Bhardwaj 93
MUKAND LAL PURI, R. B. Lala, ... N. B. Sen. 99
NARENDRA NATH, D. B. Raja, ... .V. B. Sen Tara. 103
PARMANAND, Bhai, ... Pt. Ram Lai Tara. 109
RAM SARAN DAS, R. B. Lala, ... Mr. P. D. Sag at. 116
RAM TIRATH, the late Swami, ... Pt. Ram Lai Tara. 121
SHADI LAL, The Right Hon'ble Sir, ... .V. B. Sen. 127
SHRADDHANAND, the late Swami, ... Prof. Lai Chand. 131
TEK CHAND, Bakhshi Sir, N. B. Sen. 147 1
ALL RIGHTS OF REPRODUCTION AND TRANSLATION RESERVED BY THE PUBLISHERS.
Printed at The Insurance l'i M. Mi Li-nil Ui-jil, I.uhoiv. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
NAME. FACING PAGE.
1. Sir Chhotu Ram 13
2. Goswami Ganesh Dutt ...... 17
3. Sir Ganga Ram ... 24
4. Sir Gokul Chand Narang ...... 34
5. R. B. Gopal Das 44
6. Mahatma Hans Raj ...... 48
7. Dr. HarDayal ... 57
8. Lala Harkishen Lai ...... 71
9. SirJaiLal ... 77
10. D. B. Krishna Kishore 81
11. Lala Lajpat Rai ...... 85
12. Sir Manohar Lai 93
13. R. B. Mukand Lai Puri ... 99
14. Raja Narendra Nath ... 103
15. Bhai Parma Nand ...... 109
16. R. B. Ram Saran Das 116
17. Swami Ram Tirath ...... 121
18. Sir Shadi Lai 127
19.SwamiShraddhanand ...... 131
20. Sir Tek ChanJ 147 Biography
The great lesson of biography is to show what man can be and do at his best. A noble life put fairly on record acts like an inspiration to others.
Biographies of great, hut especi- ally of good men are most instruc- tive and useful as helps, guides, and incentives to others, Some of the best are almost equivalent to gospels, teaching high living, high thinking, and energetic action, ti their own and the world's good.
Samuel Smiles. Biographer
As it often happens that the best men are but little known, and consequently cannot extend the usefulness of their examples a great way, the biographer is of great utility, as, by communicating such valuable patterns to the world, he may perhaps do a more extensive service to mankind than the person whose life originally afforded the pattern. Fielding.
THE Nh-W VORK
PU LlC I
:. I,EXOX AND
, I-UU'DATIONS R I HIM'l -
I 'Ih* Hon'ble C h Sir hliutu Ram. Ki K H . H A LL.B., Minmtr. Punjub Cjnverniueiit. Sin Gfifwiu, 31am.
(By Mr. M. L. Bhardwaj )
Sir Chhotu Ram, our Minis- father and the village money-lender, ter for Development, is a singularly the latter gave the punkah-cord dynamic personality. From his to the former with instructions youth he has been an irreconcil- to cool the bania's perspiring bulk. he able protagonist of the rights and This incensed Chhotu Ram and interests of zamindars and the insisted with success that the bania's leader of a crusade against the son, who happened to be present, money-lending classes in particular should pull the punkah. On another and non-agriculturists in general. occasion the youth who was to be- come the Punjab's Development \Yhat factors made him a crusa- Minister was told to sit at the foot der ? Plebeian ancestry gave him a of the bania's charpoy before the desire for universal human better- business talk commenced. And it his sureness of touch in deal- was bania of his ment ; acquaintances that the ing with the masses. He had his father who recommended genius awakened by the urge to young man should not take up struggle for justice against, the forces higher studies, since an elementary for a of intrigue. And his principal education was good enough weapon in this struggle has been his Jat. gift of what his friends call eloqu- ence and his enemies mob-oratory. These incidents seem trivial enough in themselves but the fact From early life he has been, a that Sir Chhotu Ram still remem- ' bania-hater.' He wrote a bitter bers them is proof of the deep im- article in his college magazine on they created. When he " pression How best to improve village life became a lawyer and started prac- and in this he bitterly attacked the tice in Rohtak, he came in touch money-lender. He also contributed with the realities of life as it obtain- a series of articles to an English ed for the Jats and the money- newspaper on the same subject. lending classes. When he saw the fate suffered by zamindars at the non-Zamin- Small incidents in his family hands of well-educated he had a definite revul- life that of a peasant proprietor- dar officers, laid the foundation of this bitter- sion of feeling. He still remembers for the ness, which amounts almost to an ex-parte decree possession hatred. At one business meeting of 200 bighas of land passed against educated non-zamin- between the young Chhotu Ram's a minor by an .: 1 HI-
' in hi-> : While uiHf-mittinu :piin-hip of Jat rights, Sir mce his assumption of
ministerial resj . nubility.
' studied the life of the under-'.
' .inn -Jats. \YiVn I qi
' - t he )'! 'ir, he most
emphatically replied : md for
. . i in . Iv.tm tin under-dog every time. My mis- .:i-d in l;fe i- to equalise burdens <1 a Wlrle ill BCb equally .mumy human
' beini'- is p"-^ible." !1 has given n. r. i the legis':itive rnt pirit. sures th:.t he his sponsored. l!ut mumtv his life .n still remains the
.1 _;ht
I it i unlik- his the : peasantry Th i. Sir i U'IK-UI !\ mi a rill to !i prove ceit.un in tinctive sh -s th.tt
. il influence in :h.uacteristic i-t the the than tnv : his: province nature. \\'h-n the \.iriou- menN c.f which he is constituir
. once decided to ch ini- the composite result was bom d t > [hts of the Jat, Chi remarkable personality, unique
: took DP hi* indeed amonjj hi^ c -. He
th a /- ich . a Congressman. \\ hen
ii when : : he bewail lif, n l\'-'':it.ik as ;i lav. yi-i
r member of the ind a work .!) uel : the
l< i:il autono J.it community, he started .1 v.e.-kh nemies because r called the "Jat Gazette"
: his faith in his which he himself edned t'r"in 1916 :nism>j. !I< is to 1HJ4. Through thi= paper he t! iter." I le nbhors suit trie ft political etlucation to !.ticians who .irr tii'- b.ickwiud Jats. In 1916 he i H- ' s in j>o>itive joined the Congre-- ,nu! becamt
'he deter mi i j.i presulent . District ("on;.
.. s them detics Comn i ei
i : : ': , He the cult ] ongresj \\ilh him only to the educated and his ad. t" i
' i th<- \ t> n'kv. aul lid, could ii"t alVord to
; on ! : uts. 1 le himself
. ; the Congress in
. \\hen the resolution
' v. m. : fd. I 1' I'l NJAB'S KM1NENT HINDUS 15
did not believe in non-C3-operati<>n the basis of community of economic and defiance of law or non-payment interest. The Unionist party, he of taxes. Before he -left the Con- asserts, would have solved half the gress, he was one of those whose problem if it had not been opposed names were recommended by the in its efforts by vested interests. district authorities for deportation, They had to accept communalism in but higher officers did not endorse the services because they could not the recommendation as they thought entirely ignore the existence of it would lead to disturbances in the communal feelings. district. He d',es not believe in socialism, His political goal for Jndia is which contemplates the complete Dominion to be attained elimination of the Status, by private capitalist ; constitutional means, but he insists but he insists <-n complete and effi- on the existence of me ins for pre- cient control of the private capital- serving independence before it is ist. Th< State, he declares, must achieved. He does not believe in take part in industries, but prefer- non-violence, and although he ad- ably in combination with the capi- mits that the Congress is chieflys talist. His industrial ideal is large- responsible for political awakening scale industries linked with cottage in the country, he condemns Congres and home industries, the latter feed- leadership. ing the former.
He blames the Congress for Sir Chhotu Kam belongs to the ignoring the problem of Hindu- small village of Ghati Sampla, 44 Muslim unity. Mr- Gandhi, he miles west of Delhi, in the Rohtak says, should have brought into district. He was born in 18^2 and existence an organisation for conti- went to primary schoi 1 in a neigh- nuous work towards this ei:d. He bouring village in 1891. Later he himself is certain that if he had a went to St. Stephen's Mission High crore of rupees to spend for this School and College in Delhi and purpose he could solve the problem graduated in 1905. He had an ex- in three or four years. If the amount ceptionally brilliant career, winning spent on the promotion of "khadi" many scholarships. Once while in had been spent en Hindu-Muslim Delhi he suffered from fever for unity, the question would have oeen three months and was so bad that he solved by now. returned to his village and gave up all idea of continuing his studies. It Hindu-Muslim unity is a basic was only following the personal per- part of his creed because without it suasion of the Vice-Principal that independence or "swaraj" is im- he went b.ick to College. possible. He also believes that the key to the problem lies in the His aim in life was to secure a Punjab. If a solution is found for good Government job. Once he the Punjab, other provinces will be had name sent up for the examina- simple to deal with. In the Punjab tion for sub-judges but, because of the problem can be solved only if his weak mathematics, he did not parties or associations are formed on appear in the competition. He . :
.n the Provincial Civil .is community. sixth In his . te but tail- e.iry days in Kohtak, he - iru a i' '.: tmajfet because hr w.is .iiii.ixril at the preponderance It was in 1'O5 th.it he ^ecured luslim olticers in Kohtak district. the : 'TV He even opposed the Land Aliena- >udh. He wai t: tion Act bec.iuse he thought it l.ut rinding the :it to strangle the Hindus. He
. !, he . changed his wiews when he saw \[ f -:ed the things t,>r himself.
: .rt himself ; in the. 1\ Liter, when Sir Chhotu K.un
: >chool. \\ hen returned to the Punjab Les^i^-
1
: . . the l.itive Council, hi ng with Sir
it l).ick to thr K ij.l. -i-Huss.un, laiil the foundations .11 left of the I'nionist Party. Member^
join th-- I. I Bge in . \-r.i hr-l.'iiLin^ to .til communities joined
: : took together -n the issue of zamindar 1911. In inferests. They played an import-
. \ ill) T;ihs; ant pirt in the Council and inthi- but -'Id nut 'I ie-isl -itii-n. I'nder dyarrhy.
- live mi K h ;i ml \\.is >ir Chhotu Ram served as .1 Minis-
in-il t" live on bribes. 1 1. ter. It was, however, under p ;
. vincial (1 m AL;M !"f 15 months and autonomy that he realized his
:i returned i.ik, where he dream of a zamind.ir ( io\ < rnment.
elf a i 1. 1 \ i-r and (C. o- M. G., I. aln,rc.)
i
G r*
I
8 i
(KI-.W.IIMI (.mm-sli Dull.
.=..J QAUMun Skitt,
(By Prof. Wadhawa Ram, iVl. A.)
People are invariably right in Nobody is born great, in the true their choice of ppithets for those that sense of the term. What we call lead them. CVineah Dutt is Goswami genius is only 1 per cent, inspiration by caste; he is Tyaga Murti by and 99 per cent, perspiration. The creed and practice. And the title present position of the Goswami is which is affixed to his name in view not a mushroom growth. It is the of his actual conduct is the best and result of long and earnest endeavour. truest expression of the real secret The story of his career is but the of the man's greatness. He is an story of self-discipline and self-school- Avtar of selflessness, the embodi- ing, extending over a large number ment of a spirit of self-abnegatian of years. Slowly though surely, the and self-surrender. Tyaga is a man's soul has striven and in conse- Sanskrit word meaning 'renunciat- quence thriven. The Indian summer ion' : Murti conveys the sense of of his place of privilege has come incarnation. Taken together they in the wake of a trying and trouble- imply between themselves all that some winter. has taken the subject of this sketch out of obscurity into As he stands 6 feet in his fame. cheap chappal before you, you feel that you are in the presence of an Excellence is a goddess to be ancient Indian saint in the prime of adored. To keep it before our- his life. Dressed in pure white selves as an ideal and to seek, khadi home-spun and home-woven, to strive and not to yield in the a well proportioned body, neither pursuit, is ever productive of great thin nor tending to corpulence, raven- good to ourselves as well as to black hair, wheaten complexion with those who come in contact with us. the redness of well-preserved vigour Nothing remarkable was ever done peeping out at places, the eyes ema- except by following up the impulse nating innocence of a world other of our own mind, by gripping with than this, oftener than not a bene- difficulties and improving our ad- ficent smile playing upon a clean- vantages. Mere doting on the shaven face, Goswami Ganesh Dutt achievements of others or dreaming presents a fine figure of a man. over our own premature triumphs Looking at him comes dangerously is hut indulging in a huge waste of near loving him. True it is, those God-given faculties. whom the gods like they make of a pre-possessing appearance. Of this truth the life of Goswami Ganesh Dutt is a perfect example. Chiniot, a well-known place in NT Mi:.
' :he h nour leer, wever, the young
' ' : ! caught the eye of some p time ni'.eiu ine:i of Lyallj'iir, which the ' " ur now became the centre of l:;s activi- :t in Ivirtik. Vik- Tl-.c-i- u'^ntlemen encouraged ipu- him to continue his useful social vith :';. A loral habitation was the
:. fir-t for -, l ni Mool Chand ji his great dream. The prosjiect 'iving by ministering rminL,'. The ideal was hi^'h. And of the the task was an uphill one. The the to.vn in public of the place had to be educat- i f their diifi or ed along new trends and tendencies. M.thjnt. T G ' ''nis of ("hiniot true 1-- their L'r.iin. And the K irly marriage was a common F the :i^in.il of t' 'rait curse during those days Tin - held in high e-teem. He } are much better to-day, and except ind in birWard tracts and among illite- quitted his earthly abode for his ratc communities the evil has ex- venly home in tlv veir of <.;race perienced extinction. Ganesh Outt's marriage at an early age was an- other of his shackles. 'Shackle,' I te in k ith the tradi- think, is the right word for i', because : priestly 1 'r.ihmin family, from the very beginning he did not f put 1 udy take kindly to li e matrin-onial. rit. When at a later stage, he entered the wi !er field of social and religious I'. : 'h.it wn<; -i digression. work, he practically severed all - Ganesl Dot1 . i :i student "f the Connection with his family and lived of the Oriental the life of a recluse in that sense. r Lahore, in l >17. The Notion;: ifterhis marriage which, . he bad by this time made him father of ' 1 T fr .m t if I niver- two female children, he re-orted to : l .n<|uirir><; fr>'in his the Il.iiit>riistha Aslimni. The act 'lows h ivc elicited the infor- no less than a sacrifice. Rut t>v no means .v.uni|i was cut out fora glorious Kx'r i- ir;ide- role in the hi-torv of modern rurj-ib. nnc activi: ' his attention The fates had marked him out for th^ m..st ]>nrt. At collf^'o he that. And what the destinies had ' . As the could become a fact ( nly it Ivartl-.i Ilimli h'- were to r:\st <>|V most of his . . worldly bonds His detachment udents from marital life was one of the first : var.iti,.n. steps that he took towards his Th- ' -il<-d | 1 : Milt 1 h id to le.i \-f At Lyallpur then, was (lie stage 1 As to i the future v.re.itness of PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 19 this mm. His first efforts resulted The Sanatan Dharma High in the establishment of a Hindi School at Lyallpur is now one of Night School. It was a humble but the premier High Schools in the promising beginning. A very large Province. One who sees and studies number oc Hindu youths and adults its working to-day will find it hard of the localky joined the classes. to believe tint it was ever anticipat- One of the beneficiaries was a rich ed by the sort of Putkshala that man named Gosain Diwan Chand. owed its inception to the primary As a token of his gratitude for what attempt of Goswami Ganesh Dutt. he had gained from his preceptor in But one should not forget that Hindi, he put at Goswamiji's disposal sometimes truth is stranger than a sum of Rs. 6,000/-. This amount fiction. The ten years, from 1917 laid the foundation of the desired to 1927, spent by Goswamiji at th;it of a was a in his the H ill, and alongside regular Lyallpur period life, career of public life for Ganesh importance of which can neither be Dutt. As has been remarked above, over-estimated nor over-stated. a buil ling for the purpose was badly Slowly but surely, he was winning needed. The need was now made his way to what he was to become up and the Hall served henceforth in the public life of the Land of the as a nucleus of the varied pro- Five Rivers. The experience that he gramme of the useful work which gained was to prove the bed-rock of was to serve in turn as the training the solid structure that still awaited course for the Goswami. rearing. The daily routine for the work In 1923, was laid the foundation in the Hall was as follows . of the Sanatan Dharma Pratinidhi Sabha, the provincial body of the of The (a) From 6-30 A.M. to 7-30 A.M. Sanatanists the Punjab. Recitation of Katha. Hindus of the old arthodox type were still unorganised. The clarion been sounded (b) During the day, a Girls' call had indeed by School was held in tie place. that orator of the roaring tongue the late Pt. Din Dyal Wachaspati. the Sanatanists to be (c) From 4 P.M. to 8 P.M. the It had enabled Hall was used as Public a bit assertive. At the best, how- Reading Room. ever, a little less than spade work had been done. The arduous task Sanatan Dharma (d) At night, Goswamiji used to of organizing teach Hindi to adults Sabhas aud carrying the message of renascent Sanatan Dharma to and corners of the Nobody perhaps ever dreamt the various nooks that this infant would develop into land fell ta the lot of Goswami an adult very soon. The Sanatan Ganesh Dutt, who had in reality- Dharma Primary School was soon stepped into the shoes of the great are al- established. Shortly after, this Wachaspati. Comparisons school was raised to the middle ways odious. Those between great standard. The High classes were men are all the more so. That is all should be tagged on in due course of time. the more reason why they HINI'I S . Kathcr its of inlluer.ce ;md I't. activil sed be] r.d the 1 te : by he 1'unjali. )eihi, N. \\'. !'. 1'. i and IViluchistnn. Directly and it for \ with mdnectly, has been responsible 22 and r glory. G about boys' ni- 230 girls' schools. For co-on: ..( are i^o- th'- v. .M k of the>e institutions there is th> vinitan Dharnia F.ducation 9 Inch is but a child of the l>harnia Pratinid! : ai : a i Pratiri More hundred d fifty ' at \lm:~i:i-s and Halls in varii US laces >rn and bapti-ed j in the are under the 1 ,;ir>ur. Th- is nurtured 1'unjab auspi- 01011- i ( ntiol and ni. enl ; 1 S..bl a I >utt, \v the the I'ratinidhi Sabha. its itself owns a nianifirei;i build- Ge: . therefore, now ' VI ul, and Malik Mathri I in _ -minted on the Shish Mahal its re '"uhta-ble Pre-idt-nt. In 1 K id Lahore. The structure is huge 1 -.wad ; an d ma-sivt; and lias been : at a ci: elotl ! r waa no longer cost of Rs. two lakhs. From te f..r it- lailk and activity looks like a mediaeval cnstU . I'.nt ; the wurk'HL' of icntly, it shifted its h- its in-ide tin- of that m la^tennd in its i i, m course year modi style I the . vallpur ti. Lahore. rerined form. It goes by name of r.hupindra Hall, beins^ chr -; ned When the Pratinidhi Sabha came after His late Highness the Maha- .1 of Patiala. A to 1 its offices were lodged in r.ii Bbupindra Sint;h a rented building. :ni <"iinesh 1'arliament, .i> Secretary of the I>utt i- Still fral Secretary. Behar Government was in Lahore le R. II. i ':. S.nm some years a^o. Naturally, he i m I a d posi- visited all places worth 1. 1 His it. T; the metri ij'ohs tin- province. .of comment on tie |;htipindia Hall the iji's : "It is much better tb.m i t : at Tatna." gpl nt I uiate Hiiih g8 ' : ; }\.-> : . \\ nter has not and, i ; . ver have thi ind, The luck of bem- at 1'atna to vciifv this :it, but he believes, he ha \vh.it a 1 'ar- hit; t to In lieve, Si cretary i t the 1 an' eriMiient says about the S-f re- taliate l.u; there. I-' r tnstile and < iitzitu a letanate than a Secretai i n- h under the reformed ci i;-ti- vil' tation. PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 21 A sister institution is the Punjab wide fame. All honour to Seth Mahavir Dal. The Mahavir Dal Jugal Kishore Birla ! All credit to is to the Sanatanist body what him! But we'll be sadly mistaken the Pratinidhi Sabha is to the if we ignore the hand-in-it of the Sanatanist soul. It is a volunteer Khadi-clad man, who goes about organisation of about 40,000 strong. with Seth Jugal Kishore Birla, even In all there are about 300 branches. as Dharam Raj accompanied Yudhis- The main function of the Mahavir ter to the region celestial. Goswami Dais is to safeguard the lives and Ganesh Dutt has a considerable property and to defend the rights of share in the creation of this wonder the Hindus wherever they be. This at New Delhi. red-turbaned army of Hindu Salva- tionists is much in evidence at Hindu But to resume the thread. In melas, conferences, processions etc. 1932, Goswami Ganesh Dutt was The strong, well-built, disciplined elected General Secretary of the All- social workers of the Mahavir Dal India Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha are another very creditable creation Hindu University, Benares, of which of Goswami Ganesh Dutt. the great Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya was the President. Inci- The Laxmi Narain Temple at dentally, it will be of interest to know that New Delhi, popularly known as Malviya ji did Goswami "Birla Mandir", is a marvel of the unique honour, in 1926, of initi- modern India. The Taj is one of ating and accepting him as his first our wonders. The Birla Mandir is and only chela or disciple. One who another. Foreigners come from far- cares must see that Goswamiji is off lands to see the grand edifice. living up to the expectations, ideals You may go there at any hour of the and ideas of that All-India Sanatan- day, you will see an enormous con- ist leader his glorious preceptor. course of pilgrims and you will hear the clicking of a hundred cameras. A sad event took place in 1938. Tt has the massiveness of a Mughal Goswamji's wife died. That very year, her piece of architecture, the design of a husband was elected General big engineering concern, the atmos- Secretary of the Sanatan Dharma phere of an ancient shrine, and the College Society at Lahore. He disc- beauty of the kingdom of heaven. harges that onerous duty even to-day. Sixteen lakhs of rupees have already With Diwan Bahadur Diwan Krishna Kishore been spent. Still its demand is on as his President, Goswamiji the increase. Years will elapse before has been doing very useful work for the finishing touches so much as this Sanatanist educational institu- begin to take form. Like Kubla's tion the only Sanatan Dharma Col- Palace it is 'a miracle of rare device". lege in the Punjab. The success of the And the miracle refuses to sho.v you Silver Jubilee c< lebration of the Col- in in a its final stages. The entire cost is lege 1943 was large measure being borne by that prince among due to him. The Goswami brought donors of the 20th century India on one platform II. H. the Maharaja the Dan Vir Karan of the present of Dholpur, H.H. the Maharaja of Kishore times may his tribe increase ! Seth Darbhanga, Seth Jugal Birla and Seth Kishen Dalinia. Jugal Kishore ji Birla of country- Ram I M1NEM . HINM'S - < t of : ijl's enerx\". After all that has been mention. 1 above, who but the blind or .vill ! the the guilty deny that Goswamiji i- if .rid utility --f i I'n-s.s for nothing not great ? 'rjchar. The 1 in 1 Inexhaustible as is Goswamiji's Th . :'.harat", originally fund of energy, he has also patience v in.my ups and and fortitude that enable him to rful organ bear hardships even of an unbearable of the community and constitutes nature. His power of endurance is urth 1 The Hindi unbounded. Moreover he is a i M tndhu" s.iw its first pub- practical social reformer. He lives in 1 up to his convictions. While giv- recently been converted into ing his daughter in marriage he md caters to the- needs of spent only eleven rupees on the H:ndi-kn -wing Hindu ladies. who!-- altair. Thus it . seen that the ;>tic ventures of Ganesh Dutt 'Simple living nnd high thinking' : been brave and blissful. Their finds its best example in him. He been well realised and takes only one meal a day. Other reciate . people live to eat He eats to live, just to keep his body and soul to- Goswamiji is this side fifty-five. gether. One Khaddar jacket and one rs he looks very young. khaddar dhoti, that is all his wear. ! ' for a life for In the severest of winter he : long him. sleeps The reason is too obvious to be only with a Khaddar Cha.iar on. cd. Goswamiji lives for others. For m<>re than 30 years past he has Hi iredtodiefor them too. discarded the use of quilt and other th.it is the keynote for his suc- \v.irm gear. ^elflessness is the secret of ift and Goswamiji spends about 5 ::ideed. C -njpled with months every year in the Himalayas and in energy where he practises au>terity, medita- ra the d in tin of tion and introspection. L'tter Kashi ty. which is about 100 miles from Ktsht l\esh aid Ciangotrt which is according to about 150 miles distant from the Hi producing same place, are his favourite resorts. "It is not enough", In his spiritual life (ii --waniiji has a "that confidante 1'rof. Nand Ram of the real in S.inatan ; him I>harma College, Lahore. all tip : in I 'ecp friendship subsists between the but the leiatii n is not only this- !! :!1 up .1 certain worldly. -md. ! ': iv.- no ri this In private conversation he hears ^r c \:t results re and talks less and can look a from inherent man in his (,' Rrcat straight eyes. Humble, PUNJAB S EMINENT HIM. US 23 gentle and un-assuming, he would The assets of the Sabha to-day always like to greet you first. stand at Rs. 17,00,000, and its A word about Goswamiji's gift as annual budget lies somewhere in a public speaker. By dint of long the neighbourhood of Rs. 1,25,000. practice he has come to develop The various Sanatan Dharma Edu- great oratorical powers. His ex- cational institutions are spending of position the Bhagwat Gita is about Rs 17 lakhs every year. For all particularly forceful and affecting. the money Goswamiji taps princes, The fact is that he regales his audi- magnates and the general public. ences with the outpourings of his When he appeals few refuse to heart. Sincerity stamps his syllables loosen their purse-strings. For he and his courage of conviction makes no bones about his resort to throws vigour into his words. Some political tactics sometimes for the of his listeners have besn heard purpose. saying that there is little profundity or philosophical depth in his public In short Goswamiji is a great speeches. The Tyaga Murti has figure, very great indeed, in the never put forward any pretentions to Sanatan Dharma world. Perhaps learning. He would never fight shy one would wish he were to send the of pleading guilty to the charge of foundations of his great work deeper lack of reading and scholarship. and gather around him a band of Commonplaces he utters without sincere, devoted and selfless workers doubt. But an orator can hardly to render his achievements of lasting get beyond commonplaces. If he benefit to the Hindu Community. does, he gets beyond his hearers. Let his lieutenants prove worthy of The most successful speakers have the job and carry on his mission not been the best scholars or the with zeal, energy and devotion. finest writers, neither those who took For the edifice raised by by a great the most profound views of the man should not be allowed subject, nor those who adorned it to meet the fate of a card- with the most original fancy or the castle. richer combinations of language. In reality Goswamiji speaks homely Sanatan Dharma was in bad way, things which go home to the bosoms when he appeared on the scene. of his hearers. And iteration is a In consequence of Goswamiji's noble world-old trick of those who efforts it is resplendent once again undertake to address big gather- and when the history of the modern ings. Hinduism comes to be written, It is Goswamiii's firm convict- Ganesh Dutt's name shall figure tion that money is indispensable for among its greatest poineers and rendering any solid service to benefactors. He has achieved for hunianUv. He is a wonderful the Sanatanists of the Punjab what collector of money. Money indeed Mahatma Hans Raj has done for the makes not only the mare but also Arya Samaj in this province. If the the man go. Institutions cannot parallel would be stretched only a be run without money. For the point further, it would be to the Pratinidhi Sabha he has so far glory of both and the lasting good collected a little over Rs. 80 lacs. of their followers. Slam 1 By Mr. I , I'. L. Hedi, 15. A. (Oxon) On one side of the Lahore the rehabilitation of their shattered Museum, in a shady triangular plot lives, through his plans for remar- facing the Umversitv Hall stands a ri.ige or making them fit to earn an robust -'ivae. Two Americans independent livelihood. The widows :i-seeing on the Mall were drawn were his particular sorrow and his to it. The\ . up to the pedestal, particular care. For them, no the inscription amount of money was too much : he :ied his urse and the j bereaved and one of them sprang up the \\omen could take what they would. d stood by the statue. His companion focussed the camera and Thus he laid the foundation of clicked it. They moved off, and I the most stupendous system of social heard one to the other "1 saying uplift which has been attempted l>y ehow felt |j Iting taken with any single man in this country. ' man". As an agriculturist, he combined It was the word 'man' which in himself the realism of an engineer r with the of a farmer. MIL; in mv <-.irs. For that word fitly imagination r-b<-d S:i Gai 'i Kim whose life He was the pointer to the future: rious, complete and of a cer- the rational farmer with the love of tain m iL'-:itU'le". Known t > fame the soil in his blood. The story of i the wasteland was con- r engineer, and to fortune how Kenala in in who cnuld make the desert verted into a power-driven and pn B~ farm reads more like a i h trvcst of golf', Sir perous tv.-nticth version of the i has ber ,me the legend- century ary hero ol a million charities. In- Arabian nights, than the true account stitt. .vhich perpetuate his great of the doings of a man who had tin- h'-irt and his philanthropy stand all audacity i t' a l>.intoii combined with of a Lab re. Th-y ra m edu- the money-sense Rothschild. institutions which train up the us of to-morrow, As an engineer, his imprint on 1 vlums for tli-' I. ili'irc .i rie is sufficient to stamp tmforti. and the dis- him as a i;iant in his profession. of f.i!<-. T! From the !' 1 ol th<- Mall th.it ( t , , can ro to his ins with the Aitcl'i^on , k i are. Thos^ the I'nivcrsity and down to the struck i. F death into Museum it is the spirit and creative ( wid -i look fr rr"-cn- vision of ",an i Kam which pervades PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 1 j I I I Sir Ganga Ram L if m tuiierfJ uu, PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS the air. To him goes the credit of his father, joined the Police. At designing and constructing the Mangatanwala, under the quiet magnificent buildings of the Lahore shadows of a gurdwara, the baby Museum, the Mayo School of Arts, Ganga Ram was born. Daulat Ram the General Post Office, the Albert was in the police, but he was honest. Victor wing of the Lahore Mayo For refusing to become corrupt, he Hospital and the Government was threatened with death by dacoits. College Chemical Laboratory. He preferred honest poverty to corrupt prosperity, left his job and The love of Indian tradition migrated to Amritsar. Ganga Ram mirrors itself in his buildings, and by then was a boy of school age. they look at home on Indian soil. His father became more and more But, in their construction, all the devoted to prayer and lingered for tricks and devices of the scientific longer and longer hours at the West h.ive been employed to improve Golden Temple, and so early in his them, to protect them from the ex- childhood he had to share the res- treme heat and cold of the Punjab ponsibilities of bread-earning and climate, to ensure that their sanita- help his father at work as a copyist. tion was efficient and unobtrusive. More modern styles have since in- Thus life moved. School in vaded the Mall, and the future will Amritsar, student days at Govern- show m my others with more modern ment College, Lahore, and then to construction and technique, but the Roorkee for engineering where hard simple dignity of Ganga Ram's work paved the way "to the stars". buildings will bear comparison with In 1873 Ganga Ram started as an the best that the future has to offer. Assistant Engineer, called to Delhi to help in the building of the amphi- Sir Ganga Ram's life has the theatre of the Durbar. In 1877, he magnitude, the variety, the human came back to the planning and com- qualities that make it evergreen. pletion of the railway from Amritsar to Pathankot. Then, with the urge From 1851 to 1927 was the rich of perfecting himself in his profes- span of life given to him. These sion very strong within him, he went seventy-six years are the story of a to Bradford, in the North of Eng- human mind in growth, which un- land, for training in the waterworks folded itself from the bud, petal by and drainage construction. petal, came to full and glorious bloom, and was scattered by the Back in India, he roamed round in wind of time. But its lingering the districts, coming to Lahore fragrance is still in the air. 1885. The High Court and the Cathedral were supervised by him, He was born of parents who were and he designed and constructed the fugitives from the United Provinces, Aitchison Chief's College. For in search of security of life and twelve years he was the Executive honour, haunted by the terror of Engineer of Lahore, a period known marauding bands, they had trekked now as the Ganga Ram Period of to the Punjab. Lala Daulat Ram, Architecture. '.MNENT Mi:. With twenty-seven < >n his return to the Punjab a vice to his >ch- -ented itself. 1 1 is tns thc t promotion to the ^rade of a Superin- 1 1 y . T tending Engineer was due, and the .vi-ll th.it ti. . '"I) li g authorities were hesita-i "He i v. -. climb, when he v ect- MS the best engineer the building >i ed ': t ict as S and Koads I partniMit : rintendent of Works at the lmpi-ri.il B the Journal of Indian Knfjmeer- --cti< 1 'urhar to be held in c< >m n ing "yet he was not thought tit for with ac of hi'uard P. motion to the the King I Superintending VII. With Lord Cur/on's reputa- KiiLMneer's cla.vs. It was an extra- tion ! 1" -ing :m exacting and hard ordinary position." 1 I i. I . ill:' Kail) forward to his \\ork at the Ihn An extraordinary position. And U potentially the severest trial of an intolerable one for one with a life. deep sense of national self-resi ect. 1 Ie was never a to the O\M toady j rs- I spiteof the difficulties, foreseen that-be in his own interests; and Miiioreseen, that crowd'-d numd always polite and never rude, he just did hrn. (i .HIL; a Ka in. true to his charac- his w< rk and left it to for \\.is undaunted, nndfull of c< ur- sj^eak itself without claiming any crecit ; fuiuri- I !c att icked all he was honest and no > transparently manifold problems of the I )tul> r I'ut he would not have with lus customary resource and pusher. been human if he had not felt that originality, and, when the Durbar he could do better than in (iovern- over, In- hid \v.>n his distinc- ment Service. He retired in tion. I'ut the New Year Honours' 1903, some years before he would ha\.- L i ' for his ' reward past services. Sir : :it achii-vc- inen'.. lv 'idations were us- ' ual re Si-pt'-nihcr. ai.d Soon after, in 1903, he was called n a none uj). last to Patiala, and the story of his work minute slip in his w.ik, there remind> us of Alice in 1 they waited until the last \Yonderlnnd... The \Yhite Kahhit inmut': lie!",, it- coiiiini'.tin^ them- put on his spectacles. "Where At last 1 their hands shall begin, pi- asc your Majes' and, in the ! 'as stic- he asked. "B< "in at the be::innii o{ ceptii the Kini; said gravely, "and go on dn: si till to the Ram you come end ; then " un.' in the full ulury of a t P Ic. Latei hi 1 1.1'".. in ition of The work of the reconstruction ik. of Pal v. - Mntic one. PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 27 Slowly the whole face of the city position of agriculture in India's began to change. Construction was national economy. "Engineering 1 rapid, and the grace of his designs skill' he would say to himself, "can altered the whole atmosphere of the move mountains, and the question State capital. The magnificent Moti of water is an ant-hill compared Bagh palace, the Ijlas-i-Khas, the with what we can really do". Secretariate building, the Victoria Girls School, the City High School, Staggering facts faced him when the Law Courts, the Police Station he examined the land position in and the Dispensary all bore the the Punjab. Cultivable land (ex- stamp of his handiwork. cluding State land) amounted to 46 million acres, and out of that 17 Thus ended another span of million acres (37/o) was lying waste or seven years, another period of in- because of deficient rainfall lack tense activity, which had transform- of good irrigation. Canal irrigation ed Patiala, and brought him nearer had its limitations. There had to to the end of his Service life, and be some other way. His massive the a^e of his sixtieth year. He head, with the vertical vein called needed rest from so much work and the Kaj Dhand prominent with activity, and he went to England. thought, bent itself over the mighty It was during this visit that he problem. Then the idea came, made a vast tour of the agricultural flashed as all his great ideas had centres in England. Getting back done with a blinding brilliance. Lift from England, the Rai Bahadur Irrigation ! wanted to retire from Patiala State service. But the Imperial Durbar From that moment, the develop- was to be held in Delhi in 1911. ment of the idea of Lift Irrigation And the Government of India re- in the Punjab waste lands was his quired the services of a skilled one interest. Many a time he took engineer as Adviser to the Indian this idea with him into the valley States. The Maharajah of Patiala of silence, and sat immersed in at that moment prevailed upon contemplation for hours perfecting Ganga Ram to undertake the work details with the care of an artist. of being Special Adviser to the His retirement brought him added Indian Chiefs' Camp. responsibility and inspiration by the grant of twenty squares of land in Patiala finished. Service finish- the Rachna Doab, a reward which ed. A new life of creative activity was nearest to his agriculturist further ad- lay before him, when he could move heart. He obtained two according to his own, dream his own ditional grants of fifty and forty- dreams, make his own plans. He seven squares, about 2,500 acres, for had his own land, his own farm. It cultivation by means of lift irriga- beckoned him on. tion. One of these plots, fifty acres in extent, was made over to him "The problem of India is the on the condition that he would ar- problem of water" said Ganga Ram range to irrigate it by lifting water to himself, as he thought of the by steam power, and the second I MINI- NT HIMU'S -seven - res ol high cription, but the great object of for lift in his t..ur was to enquire about and - ml h:> M, 1; -r situated from six to i uli' of machinery and agricultural im- n the canal level .it which \\.itcr icnts, of types unseen in India I., cm: \t-red I >y . .. The tore. t < in a very interesting \p<-i iment n- Hack home, the utilisation of i hy pu- : lirst ot its the powei running to waste at the ' kind in - ft rn Ind:.t". many canal falls in the 1'unjab 1 c. ime the chief centre of his In defiance ( : in Lya Ipur. The n<- irest rail- ". o\ -i-rnment on the uew pn-i wiy st iti MI \v,is twenty-five miles He applied for a grant ot 5000 v, and the carriage of one boiler acres of waste land in the Gujran- . c >st Ks. 1,5< N'ev-rtheless wala district on payment of a fair whole work was finished in three m u ket value. The electric energy months, an.! 'the lirst ruin crop grew h" proposed to generate fi. i i on and soil to the admiration and fall on one of the new canals of am nt of all.' tin- Triple series, and he was wil- ling to piy a reasonable rate lor It was in an atmosphere of feve- tlie water power. The Government rish ictivity that the vast barren went into l"ng c 1 1 ~p 'nd.-nce tracts of land were made fertile, with him about the scheme and uhi- : in th'- midst ol it all grew up mately imposed such diihcult con- ' . HI" .pur, the village of G.. ditions that it was impossible for I ':n's dreams. him to accept them. In the 'th- r of 1910, he It was only in 1917 that world in ale up In nind to make a tour events helped him to the achieve- u:.'!and, with a view to study ment of his plans. The Govern- at first hand the latest develop- ment were in trouble, because land iii'-::!-. in mechanical farming. Farm li id been promised to the soldiers m.ichin- :> was changing the face of on their return from the battle- mil \\Vv Men were d. ' ranga Kam saw his oppor- . i tei MIS -111111; in tunity. Mis new proposals were ui and ni'.dein that he -liouM be "ivcil 23,000 no reas< n acres ( high level land in the why ti ; . ati'.n ot land slionkl Bari I >.ub. The lov, , -\ I lai i I >oab almost d irrigated the area, but the i lli.it it had i.e. n tract \\huh he wanted could only : - for the List t .is. 1 Ie be watered by lift. "Hitherto, in : tlr- grants made to him, the laud , .1 des- was his own pro\id'-d that he ful- M'NJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 29 filled the conditions, but, in this of only two feet, but it was found instance, the stipulations were that possible by regrading the channel at the end of three years, he would to convert the fall to one of six feet. return the land to the Govern- Even six feet is a low fall for ment fully equipped with the economical turbine design, and necessary irrigation channels and special turbines of a horizontal type machinery in order that it might had to be designed. Looking at the he available for colonisation to the figures of this huge undertaking returned soldiers". we can realise how enormous it was in its scope. Five turbines, 220 Then came the second lease- k.w. commanded about 80,000 acres some 40,000 acres of high land or 125 square miles. The cost of unirrigable by activity, for a period the installation was nearly half a of seven and the lessee years, crore and twelve lacs of rupees were was to provide for the required spent on seventy-five miles of cultivation of the land by hydro- irrigating channels, six hundred and electric Their terms machinery. twenty six miles of water courses, of the contract this time were even forty-five bridges, five hundred and more stringent. On the expiration sixty-five miles of village roads, of the seven he had years' period, one hundred and twenty one miles to restore the land to the Govern- of boundary roads, and six hundred ment for colonization fully equipped and forty culverts. About ten lacs with the necessary canals and ot rupees were spent on the steam distributing channels, and the machinery used for the lift prior complete in hydro-electric plant to the completion of the hydro- full working order; for lifting water electric plant, and up to the rabi for of the tract concerned. irrigation of 1924, the Government were paid twelve lacs in revenue. From the Daring in its conception, a of view, Renala hydro-electric scheme for lifting engineering point stand in their dis- water to high land was very excep- works unique tinction of from tional in India, showing the way to- harnessing energy the smallest fall in the world. wards a very wide field of expan- "The of his of sion of lift irrigation in the whole story development acres of waste land in the country. A hydro-electric station 80,000 was constructed on the canal at Montgomery district" says Dr. Lucas, "reads like a romance". a point near the Renala Khurd Station on the North Western Rail- with the Ram's wav. From it, in accordance Although Sir Ganga farm- designs, transmission lines radiate money mainly came from his both up-stream and down-stream, the ing activities, he had devoted total length of these lines being hours of thought and study to the was thirty miles. Steel poles were pro- problems of the factory. He the link that vided throughout, and fully alive to the close telephone system connected all the binds agriculture and industry, and as the twin main points. he recognised them which stands, delicately At Renala. the sight of the pillars upon a nation's power house, the canal had a fall balanced, prosperity. a m.is- and industry must be brought 1 .ned such try t Sir < .iima ect th it he I pitch. ' : :cibly: entire itions in his evidence qu- th'.- country's emancipa- tion is hm-cd the stomach of which, in the. i upon the .'.Inch at re-bent is nt industrial d .ent ] emi i'ythinu; aes have ;: Onceaciin, by the vast - md i nd the remedy lies in n i t' thf ill of his suggestions he country." ' d h.- bility. l"i .the h.'in: i of . stiona ,1 su i n i.n.ey-ii;aki;r throb': d 1 that L:in:un_; f tc should be a heait which had th- >t a c-iutr k-il l>y 5l it--. \n<>ther child. Tn tion ot the child (i )\x-rnment aid should br uiv-n of th.it . the daughters sorrow, had to cottage industries. imiiLrenous ire. "\Yho ' banks, and co-operative market- will n, -MOS which hii ' rv should be set up. In misery caused by child, - 1 ; 1 t c lion of marriages and t-nforcrd wi.:owl:< J reciprocal trade rights een a mon the Hindu- Sir Eiuland and India he anticipated Gam.' a Ram "ii the cover page "f a more the Ottawa Agreement by pamphlet which he pal than a There w.-re in 1921 in Ind; i 7591 widows under . Go- A- a industrialist, he r. we find that the practical ii ._; v-:ir by > lack of acutely realised the mitrb: -r of widows betwt-cn tour and ' skilled labour in the country, and five \f ars of a. i to 15. 139. 1 he, in his search for efficiency, was Th'-ro were mor<- than 15, (Ji I \\iT. always on the look-out for new w five vf-ars ot ... ! and sensible methods of < Hi"dus. Het- nearly 12,0< were it ti . Ilr saw the bad cft-vt had n tl:e a-'-s of five and ten, on artis m-' children t< nli- tb.-rr were li>_',293 cliild widows ' naiv rin e.lucati. n which ! n the of i a:y simply and 279,124 ages caused them to shun their parental ten and fifteen. r (1 t <\r tn .1 low ; ! ( iir , t a c niei i (ipmsi Sii K.i m was too much of rd. I le adv. r ited r ;il!l ' not ' ' "i '" u< r.- tin- l' ad. i ration to tin- prai the of t ct. \\'e can hear story of t ;kinq c' - of h, s C o! to theii m his tin- M tli i' drawi; owi Moved by these a] ; to u]' my mind way ' 1 'in ... / in .,, I c my i.d nil stalled .1 \Vid in : .ber , ',, the I'm AM ted jab 1 i i^' in indus- I,. i|H,n fur pn^l PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDDS This was the real fountain-head It is said that those who become of all Sir Ganga Ram's charities. rich forget the sorrows of the poor, To it he never grudged any money but, if Sir Ganga Ram stood on the that was asked and he regarded it as hill-top of prosperity, his eyesight his sacred duty in life to wash away was always long enough, and his the tears of the distressed, and give heart big enough, to see the agony of them a happier life. the poor and feel for them. But, shrewd businessman as he was, Soon the expanding needs of his Ganga Ram realised that the bene- work, which had begun with only factions born of his impulses were one clerk and a peon, led to the getting too much for one man to setting up of a full-fledged office. deal with alone, and, in 1923, he In 1923, Sir Ganga Ram got his created the Trust that stands in his Charity Trust registered and the name, known as the Sir Ganga Ram work conseqently went forward with Trust, to organise and control the greater impetus. As the work of money that he had donated to re-marrying the widows progressed, charities. In his lifetime, many fine another problem presented itself. buildings and other property were There were many widows, too old to left to the Trust and the income marry, or too old to be attractive to came to about Rs. 1,25,000 from a piospective husbands; others, though capital of Rupees thirty lacs. Since young, had children and did not his death, the Chairman and tha want to marry again; others, again Honorary Secretary are being elected for religious reasons, did not want to annually by the Trustees. marry. In 1921, Sir Ganga Ram pur- To Sir Ganga Ram, the solution chased land in the heart of Lahore of this problem was obvious it lay City, Wachhowali, and constructed in makir.g the women independent with Rs. 1,31,500 a building for the of charity and the condescention Sir Ganga Ram Charity Dispensary, of the family circle. With the idea which has become a most priceless of training widows to be self-sup- boon to the inhabitants of Lahore, porting, he made the Government an and a beacon-light for the very poor. offer of a building costing nearly It has not only got an excellent paid Rs. 2,50,000 if they would finance a staff of workers, but has got Dr. K. scheme of a Hindu Widow's Home. R. Chaudhri as Honorary Surgeon- The scheme was taken up by the in-charge, eminent in his profession Government and the Widow's Home and devoted to the service of his was opened in 1921 by Sir Edward people. Maclagan. He conceived the idea of a The array of Sir Ganga Ram's College of-Commerce, and he went benefactions is more than impres- again to the Governor and offered sive, including as it does all possible him a few lacs of rupees for this methods of helping the widows, great work. To-day streams of leaving no loophole for any unfortu- students throng the corridors of the nate one to feel that she has not Hailey College of Commerce, and been considered. fill its classes, and behind them, I'l'NJAH * 1.M1M.N1 HIM'l - ui MB, Stands the nighty figure of cheerfully as ever. He had the Sir K i:n, ':. the child same twinkle in his eyes and cheer- ' off. ion. ful \\ay < f t. liking a.- he had when I met him about twenty years ago." < S.i Iv'am had t\\ . threat d'--.p > to help t: v. B and in The old hero of many a great further higher educati' n f r \\ . men a^ncultural stri^le kept up his in th>- Province. \\'hen ihe work of energy m >] ite of what must have the - had been satisfactorily been continually failing health. it \\.is the questioi. ! is he did that extra work gir .ition that he next tur at t ,:.ced .i^e could not hut .ttention to 1 !e v. IBD t. h< When Sir Gai < F\'.un was ed across to India. It was his final seventy-six, he crowned his chari- message to his countrymen and a ot more than three million fitting memorial to the love he hore rup-t-s by founding the Hindu the land and the cultivators of it. Main for the oid, the neg- lected, and the disal>]< Put round the grand old head of (ingaKam the shadows of death I!-- triogbis aeventy-foarth were gathering thick. The Royal highest Commission work with its exacting f bis work as an aKri- work and late hours proved too v. i t ith ointment I miu.h for the ^al'.mt heart that had ^\on. straggled so often and so lont;. lie ' :>irit \v , UIIL; C"liap-d. and, though faithfully vital as it ha "I nursed In his son ,m i found : tag ID his lv u li.ihadur Sruak K.uii, "the ' ' ; Col',' .'.-.. ;i I br ive old heart t i it had c inied him ' sa'A !! evu of his t) vi-toiy in many enteipi 1-1 - li- n ' d--p : ur.- f n l-.ii-:. UK! 1 { \v is to flicker ont its life m gasps". ll< quit-- li lie ml l.'-arly .cid ch ittcd as died in his London home when PUNJAB S EMINENT HINDUS 33 dawn was on the 10th of breaking of weaning me from the error of my 1927. July ways, that he offered to take me to England at his expense and drive all Here is a tribute which sums up the nonsense out of my head. India's admiration of her son and Though I could not accept the offer, servant : the words of Gandhiji " which he had seriously meant, 1 which he in India" printed Young wrote to him on the eve of his de- when he heard of his death. parture, promising to see him and convert him to the creed of the "I had the privilege of coining spinning wheel, which he thought into fair contact with him recently, was fit only to be burned as firewood. and though we could not agree on The reader may well imagine my several matters, I recognised in him grief therefore over the news of his a sincere reformer and a great sudden death. But it is a death that worker. And, although, with all we could all wish to have. For he to respect his age and experience, I went to England, not on a pleasure expressed my dissent from many of trip, but on what he considered to his views with energy and insistence, be his peremptory duty. He has his affection for me, whom he re- therefore died in harness. India has garded comparatively to him as a every reason to be proud of having a young man of hut yesterday, grew man like Sir Ganga Ram as one of with my opposition to some 'of his her distinguished sons. I tender extraordinary views on Indian both my congratulations and condo- poverty. He was so eager for long lences to the family of the deceased discussions with me, and o hopeful reformer." Qa&ul Qfiatid Ma*utny. (Pv Pi. Ram l.al Tara. H A., I.L.B ) l>r. Sir Gokul Chand Narang's of honest labour, is the only luxury spectacular c in-er presents a typical that he enjoys in his success. The Smile's 'self-help' hero. Olympian heights to which he has nid-4 humble surroundings risen, have not made his head dizzy in the small village of Baddoke nor have the fortunes acquired by Gosainan, held s ici-d by millions of him, made him obsessed \\ith wealth. Hindus nil account of its being the He has ever remained its master and birth-place of Gosain Ramananda, has never mistaken riches for life. a revered saint <>f great holiness, he 1 I-- r- that rare specimen of a great devoid <>f all means, except his man, who has not ceased to be a own sterling worth and capacious man after achieving greatness. It intelligence of which he gave ample is, therefore, that this great scholar, proof even when a mere child great lawyer, great politician and which generally aid people to acquire great businessman is above every- eminence in this world of unequal thing else a great gentleman. struggle and unfair competition. Unaided he got his foot on the You may go to him pistol in ladder and has risen to the highest hand, determined to shoot him at rung, through his own individual sight; but his easy familiarity, un- effort-. He is no soldier of fortune assuming manmi, unassertive com. mto the lists for prizes of life; address and warmth of heart would but a skilled artisan uho has carved transform you into a confirmed out himself entirely with his own tin ml and make you feel sorry for jack-knife. lie has toiled and having entertained any such feelings ' I like an honest workman to in ity against that perfect make t! colossal figure that now gentleman. The atmosphere of 1. Tide- the province with a dis- formality and the cant of artifici- tinction and (MiispiciiDUsness which ality with which those who attain v of many. Though he eminence generally surround them- ry reason to fe.-l proud of selves, d,i not find any place in his ; handiwork and look routine and he is 'hail-fellow-well- up ' 1, ;n anship with feelings met' with all and sundry. He is : ' ' I lie < to the 1 Hike as to ! keeps i|ually cordial the him from all surh dii-tman. Frank, urbane and com- 1 tra: 3 nil'-, in M-lf-in his I, as panionable, congeniality and . I lie Hi'-- ! t' >i!'-d and surc'-'-d'-d; candoiii f-ai a way all sham and i . the swei t cr> ate ronlideiiiT and goodwill. if rd of all fruitful l:rmin i' MI \\ita i face lit with smile, wherever PUNJAB S EMINENT HINDI'S 35 he goes he floods the atmosphere the D.A.V. College as an Assistant with infectious good humour. Professor. Plain like a pike-staff and vivacious as a boy, his open- He has got a wonderful capacity minded enthusiasm won the esteem to suffer both, the thick-headed of all those who came into contact block and the subtle philosopher with him. He was scholarly, dili- alike and he listens patiently to both gent and painstaking and was atonce with a complacency which makes recognized as an asset to the you feel astonished; but inwardly his College staff of whom they could ever active mind goes on separating feel proud. His unaggressive bent chaff from grain. To all those of mind and unassuming manner who come to him he allows to made him a favourite of his students have their say and while his ears whom he looked upon as friends and are thus busy, his steady considering equals, so that the teacher and gaze penetrates down deep into the taught created a homely atmos- their hearts and finds out what is in phere of familiarity and warmth their innermost recesses, so that he whenever they met. He was looked instinctively decides his course of upon as an educationist of high action. He has mastered the art of talents and endowed with original dealing with men and a brief talk ideas and one who could be expected with a man enables him to scan his to bring about far reaching reforms true worth. This prevents him from in the system of education prevalent putting square pegs into round holes. at that time. But the loom of fate This knack of knowing men has was weaving another pattern for played a great part in moulding the him and his educational career career of Dr. Narang and the vicis- atonce so brilliant and promising, situdes of life through which he has was cut short by his departure to passed before taking his gigantic England for reasons of health. He leaps towards success, have made was suspected of suffering from him an astute student of human T. B. and regular treatment as well nature. as an operation having failed to restore him to health, he left the A brilliant career as a student shores of India to have a change as during which he was the pet of his also expert treatment. But there teachers, a scholarship-holder and a too, his industrious nature did not companionable chum of his class- allow him to sit idle. He was mates; was followed by an equally called to the Bar and on return to brilliant and distinguished university India he started practice as an advo- career. He won a scholarship in cate of the Lahore Chief Court, his Middle, Entrance, Intermediate instead of resuming his educational and Bachelor of Arts examinations activities. and stood second in the Province in F. A. and B. A. also standing first His rise at the Bar was swift. in two subjects in the former and in His legal acumen, analytical powers English in the latter examination. and the knack of presenting a case In M.A. he topped the list of suc- with skill and astuteness placed cessful candidates. After getting him in the front rank of Lawyers. his Master of Arts degree he joined He was a favourite of the Bench 36 K'N and popular with the Bar; hut his into the realms of the unknowable mind of inexhaustible fertility did with the- t;usto of an accomplished 1 was one p his activities confined to actually surprised 1 to find him a -. h>. innate pas- day discussing highly .y and technical aspect of a couplet recited of studies in relit. :.nn to to him by a well-known poet pro- L;reat renown, who after a dogged out in the p-M^tance was at last made to L pjbhc both. .s a way and accept Dr. Narang's inter- " in to Hi lai ly bent pretation as correct, preference :iind had b--t-n re in the his own. .vhich had written bv him from the To the Arya Samaj he became a a ; is uhich he wrote while pillar of strength. He not only took named active interest in its progress and 'T; ition -ikhism' a its working ; but helped cause with of the of ma~ ..rvey growth liberal contributions. He was a. into :i .Htical the Sikh community p shining light of the glowing ga' power which brought to him the that gathered around Mahatma of the Doctor- distinction receiving Hans Raj to carry- the Massage of ate of he had to in all Philosophy. Though Hope Hindu-homes j transferred his acthities from the of the province and remained act academic to the le^al side, yet the ly associated with him in all his ac- ':d not '_;ive up their tivities whether educational or other- 'r him and he had numerous wise. It was during his association invitation^ to address learned audi- with the Mahatma that he became ence^ both in the C ". - fj s a:ul in Ked in the Arya Samajist tradition 1 ml club :, interest- of the 'pur- .\hich L in art, literature and philosophy. him a Hinduistic outlook an out- Th' iiic attain- look which he has always maintained and throughout his brilliant public hi> knowledge of the ::<-n-ril things career, during which he has been tost unlimited. He brought face to face with hard nuts t ilked to the Bhikhshus in Ceylon diiticult to be cracked by persons of in Sanskrit and they relished his lesser: md weaker determina- t ilks with gli-r and he surprised his tion. In those days association ruhnirers with a verv learned add] with the Arya Samaj was regarded which ': as synonymous with advent into the of I'.-rsian l'i tical arena, because the line of ing his . tii^hts foundations. rrNJAl;'S KM1NEN1 HINDUS 37 On the 6th of April, 1919 he was order to demonstrate its outraged the hero of Lahore. Mounted on a feelings at getting the infamous black charger with his face beaming Rowllat Act instead of political with enthusiasm and eyes gleaming reforms, as a reward for the heroic with fire, he was galloping from efforts which the Indians had made place to place to keep the restive in all parts of the world, in defence crowds under check. Feelings had of Democracy and the Right of self- run high and an unbridled flush of Determination. Wherever he went political awakening, which was some- he was received with thundering thing novel for the Punjab, termed cheers and shouts of joy. He was contemptuously as the Ulster of much in demand and had to all from one to another India ; threatened to break gallop place barriers and carry the sentimental making the restive crowds realize Punjabee off his feet. The authori- the imperative necessity of keeping ties were growing nervous. Large perfect peace according to the be- scale preparations had been made to hests of Mahatma Gandhi. People use force in case the crowds broke listened but to him alone and when the law. The prestige of the Govern- the day passed off without any un- ment had to be maintained and toward happening it was he who the Government of Sir Micheal won laurels for the grand achieve- O'Dwyer knew no other method ment, which had appeared to be to do so except the use of coercive an impossibility with the dawn of machinery. Armoured cars and that day. He had worked a miracle machine guns were patrolling the indeed ! streets of Lahore and mounted We are a little envious of suc- cess. police with fixed bayonets stood This is the weakness of ready to meet any emergency. human nature. The success of Dr. Blood-shed seemed inevitable. How Narang and the confidence of the to avoid it ? public reposed in him, aroused in his political opponents feelings of e If there was any one in Lahore n\-y and they contrived many a who could hold the exasperated mean stratagem to dethrone him crowds in check and prevent the from the pedastal of popular leader- with pent-up feelings of the people from ship which he had thus occupied flowing into vicious channels, it was one determined leap and for which Dr. Narang who enjoyed the con- many had been plodding since long. fidence of the public to a degree But all these schemes failed, equalled by no one else. The because soon after, there were leaders were no less anxious to Punjab-wide disturbances and every maintain peace and Dr. Narang was leader of note was clapped behind charged with the difficult task of prison bars indiscriminately. The in the putting a brake to the break-neck policy was to create a terror the atro- speed with which public resentment hearts of the people and are was multiplying. With marked cities of the Martial Law regime this ability and consummate skill, he remembered upto day by every controlled the unruly mob which was Punjabee with feelings of indigna- too was on the verge of getting out of control tion and horror. Dr. Narang and indulging in acts of violence in arrested. 38 KlM'l - of . ituation rules decorum and decency. A The PUT. fev, of struggle inside the made the C of this of :i with ten It the futility branch ,ie,l :id they decided to the i a\\ai.' had e ie^lature once again. ' flic'r. : \'-ith to problems of the Punjab of in kir.. it that was not to differed from the rest India ' be. \ ncili.ition which iii' : than one. Hindus who ; the G i" fllo\v as a ick-bone of the Cong: ,,*" in the r .'.t Mon wen- in a minority Province soi foil . h h id and ,n it was realised that their |,. :ur- from the Punjab Council itiltj Marti. il 1 d only make their case go by ur r me, brought hack L. Lajp.it Kai ult. The Hindu Party of L. t '.he -cene of his former activi- uished leadership to function t and with his advent into politics, Lajpat Rii decided the Punjab \uain leapt on its -lauire with the defi- feet with one L of enthusiasm nite programme of protecting Hindu off all and <1< rights. The of non- shaking lethargy j patl> ' sioii. '1 ; scanned the ration had been found to be to p.-r- :i- an ;.d him and his unerring barren and it was contemplated gaze found in Dr. N'arang the man try responsive co-operation, the who could be !'-d upon. He policy of the Late \'-. (".. Tilak, in pirn \\ith the enquiries the best interests of the Proviiu- that w- by the Cong- a whole. On his re-election Dr. ress Hoarding the Martial Law Nanini; was offered a place in the atrocities and brought him once Ministry as the lender of the Hindu ' m '-P in contact with active politics. ap with the following Srl< rtioii !! :: 1 the L ila f:i ,in amoi 1 1 His ;. great tid<-nce t,, such .in ' xt,-iit that the as a Minister was 1; ti'ed with feel- latt Former in all !L;ht throughout the j-ro- - . for he known problem-, c -nci-nr i.ice, vince not only was raj Party for his qualities of the head .r th ' the the heart; but he enjoyed the cmi- ' i : from all walks Mr. C. K. I l< d to [. iple th- h a view ! of life. For seven years he worked ' battle) : unrelenting lum-aua a minister winning the respect - ! -> 1 . il . he and confidence of his colleagues and , . and wh' I that Party di^rliiiiL'ini; his duties boldly in th'- Punjali ("ouncil. As lon^ No communal cry could 1 av.e c.r f< ar ty functioned, hi it iy him. No si lira- in hi.-, way oi doin^ e\ en-handed !;e II by his justice to all communiti- s and le r though the Muslim Press, uhich to to tl ha,'. i,:customcd see the to all ,nnMit departments 1" PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINIU s 39 administered by those who always Narang whose crusade against the surrendered to their communal de- Congress policy of capitulation be- mands and thus earned certificates fore communal cries of the Muslim of impartiality by becoming partial fanatics had made him an eyesore towards them, assailed him ruthless- to them. Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru ly; yet he stuck to his guns man- toured the province in an Air-ship fully, defying all onslaughts on his and many a Congress leader rushed regime which the more fanatical to the Punjab to give a smashing amongst the Muslims termed as defeat to Dr. Narang and all those Gokul Self-Government instead of who were of his way of thinking. Local Self-Government, meaning But the heart of the Punjab remain- thereby that he did every thing in ed sound and he was able to get in that sphere according to his own the Assembly with a thumping sweet will. But he was not the majority inspite of the dogged man to be deterred by such out- opposition that he had to face and bursts of indignation. Heroically thus his personal popularity trium- he went on performing his duties phed over all party labels. according to the dictates of his con- science unswayed by the fury and Provincial autonomy in this frowns of the communalists. His unfortunate province sounded the regime of 7 years as a. Minister of death-knell of harmonious relations the Crown was a brilliant success between the different classes of its from all points of view, and as a inhabitants. The Unionist Govern- mark of appreciation Knighthood ment was based on cleavage be- was conferred upon him a distinc- tween the ruralists and the urbanites tion enjoyed by an extremely limited whichwas created in order to screen number of Hindus in the Province. the doings of a clique, which under the garb of protecting the interests The Government of India Act of the agriculturists and masquerad- of 1935 granted provincial auto- ing as friends of the poor, feathered nomy to the provinces, but poisoned their nests and ground their axes. the new step forward, with the in- Dr. Narang could hardly be found famous communal decision of Mr. fit to be a member of a Government Ramsay MacDonald, the then Prime with a programme that could end Minister of England. The elections only in embittered relations between were fought desperately by the people who had heretofore been Congress who did all that lay in its living like good neighbours sharing power to defeat all those who had the joys and sorrows of one another. stood as valiant and doughty cham- His outlook was too broad to be pions of the Hindu cause, which that narrowed down into dark Unionist body was always out to barter away grooves and his will too strong and in a most heartless manner in order masterful to be subdued into danc- to placate the Muslims, whose co-op- ing to the tunes of any master. to eration it considered as sine qua non Accommodating and courteous for the success of the struggle of the extreme he can stoop to conquer freedom carried on under its guid- but he cannot bend to break. Sir of ance. Ths target of their attack in Sikandar's need was a band yes- the Punjab was Sir Gokul Chand men. So Dr. Narang was con- BMINEN1 HINDUS of Sir \ -ly left out uf the new parlour Sikandar were disil- ' ..mei.t a-i .in undesirable who lusioned and they crossed over to c< impended upon to the opposition benches where Dr. ditto to Mr. I'm ;. '.d out of Naiang was making history, single- I 1 1 v. :it to be handed. har- !> t<> tin- Unionist chariot. Thus the non-agricultural He is undoubtedly the central classes were left unrepn -< nted, so figure of the front opposition benches th;it then- was none in the new and many a time has he broken (, vernment to take np cudgels on the dull monotony of the Assembly their behalf w! nreapon after by his fighting speeches and ' .1 v. : ged ti a. _;hty contributions to its other- late them. wise lifeless debates. He is an eye-son to the Unionist Henches the and I "i. N.irang saw through whenever he stands up, they whole ;:d in almost prophetic leap on him with the snarl of tone- the non-agriculturists hungry wolves; but undaunted of the hard fate awaiting them. It he stands up shoulders high amongst at the conclusion of the \eiy them, a giant among Lilliputians, hrst session of the I'unjab ASM mbly ki-cpiu^ the whole lot at bay. He ; h. 1 it Simla that he made his now gives to the Government hammer tanioiiv deelaration in an interview strokes under the blows of which with a representative of the 'Milap.' they reel and finding themselves It r< ads like a revelation. "1 can see unequal to the task of giving him very clearly, dark clouds gathering a straight fight in the arena, they in the hori/on for the non-agricul- resort to undignified contrivances turists and unless they unite and to dislodge him. \Yhen they fail prf-' : : i bold front, they would to prick him with the point of an have to face very hard times;" argument they do not hesitate to said he. F.very word of it has knock him down with the butt- c<.me true. He- did not stop at that; end of abuse; but he is more than but handed he fought the a match for them all. "I am too battl.sof the Hindus and the non- old a bird to be Happed by these agriculturi'ts while stalwarts like hisses" he once said to a hostile ' K'nj ndia Nath, unconscious audience determined not to hear what they were doing, \\ < ie him, "and will not go down the occ Ministerial 1" ncln s. dais till you hear me" and the I : e, he did not hostile audience was subdued into h was the coui a cheering crowd, on beholding but miauled he his marvellous self-complacency and junip.-d into the thick of the battle fio/.en resolve. With the same : ^i\ r receiving blow . It u.is master-fullness he manages the lin.-d steadfastly uiibulent I'nionist benches. His skill is ! ti Ins fnm'riini-nt.il Ix-liefs debating unrivalled. He ' i a with 'ly ]'Ui]. e can riddle case or tear a proposal win H downed with to rags with triumphant ease. He ne .ill ti. offeisiM entertainment but argu- \v!_. ! id d i'i.-il to walk into the ment and though never quick with PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINTDS 41 his sword, when once he has to resisted by the standard bearers of weild it, the cuts that he gives are pseudo-Nationalism. He is no decisive; but singularly free from professional politician to hide with malice. He has none of it. Against the hare and hunt with the hound. wrong he has pitty but no indig- They say, a successful leader is nation. The Government Benches he who says what every body is might fret and frown at his home- thinking, most often and in the truths and the terrible indictment loudest voice. Such is not the case to which he subjects them; but with Dr. Narang. It is he who they cannot help in their heart thinks for the crowds and gives to of hearts entertaining feelings of them what he thinks to be best for admiration for one who has stood them. Leaders who follow the like a rock unshaken and unaffect- crowds are false. He leads the ed, while scores of tempests have crowds. His power of popular raged by, driving men of straw appeal is irresistible because even dancing before their mighty gusts. though placed so highly he essen- The point of his compass always tially belongs to the crowds and points towards the North and the loves to be one of them. It is, course of his stars is fixed. From therefore, that he is not afraid of it he knows no deviation. Before commonplaces which are the great his iron will the lance of opposi- truths of life and it is from thence tion breaks in vain. No wonder that he has learnt all the lessons then, that whenever faced with of life which have made him great critical situations and threatening and yet so singularly free from dangers, it is to him that the forlorn all traits of vanity commonly Hindus look for lead and guid- found in all successful and self- ance, knowing full well, that what- made men. ever be their differences with him, he alone of all the rest is The world they say is a play capable of looking things from a of sources and the successful purely Hindu point of view, uninflu- manipulate them skilfully. Add enced by any other considerations. industry to this skill and therein lies the secret of his success as a -- Saturated with the idea of businessman another trait of his Hindu Renascence, which is the life which we cannot ignore in a very breath of his nostrils and life sketch of Dr. Narang. He shot the fire of his blood; his public up in the business world like a heart of boundless goodwill drives portent and struck out adventurous- his primal energy into channels ly from the very start. He began which though outwardly divergent with one Sugar Mill aud through and seemingly irreconcilable lead hone?t and skilful handling of but to the one goal the goal of his work took rapid strides towards the amelioration of the Hindus. As success, so that new he is acknow- a politician his outlook is refresh- ledged alround as India's Sugar- ingly free from any cant and no King. A word from him sets considerations of popularity or pub- currents of sugar industry in lic praise influence his studiedly motion and every step of his has pro-Hindu tendencies, so doggedly its reverberations distinctly felt. KMINKNT MINri>S down t-i Lahore to Bhagalpur to defy the ban from thf Hills in connection with placed upon the Annual Session ..' private business. Some one of the Hindu Mahasabha by the .- out th.it he had come to \> av Governor of Bihar, a well known sugar shires. Atonce there' was a friend of his warned him against :n in the the market and prices the hardships of Jail life. "Oh! 1 hares 1 ' shot up like anything, can do without anything pat came y could know the reason, till his reply, "1 have never made my- bis departure n-ve ili.-d the iiu--r self a slave of my wants" and he ing story. But his success as a perfectly right, for surround- is tin- ed businessman n-v.anl not of by all that riches can give, a financier but that of a working he is leading an extremely his a man. He genius for mani- simple life, shorn of luxury and pulating tin- ponderable thiii'j- inflated wants, which life and his . of thi> practical philo- the attributes .f the present sophy of surprising \\isdm gives day civilisation. Getting up him a completely ri-alistic gra'-p early in the morning he finds of facts that weigh in busii: visitors waiting for interviews with Hi- is one of the astutest minds multifarious objects. Some have t" that ever played the game of life. talk business, others have to seek his overall the advice in His mastery concrete their difficulties ; while problems of business is complete. there are scores of those who come His wonderful power to work hard to him with their tales of v an 1 his love of details togethei seeking Ins aid and help. lie is with his driving energy of a steam- visibly affected when he finds engine enable him to be the sole people in difficulties, and though Ltor an 1 architect of his schemes. the demand on his purse is im- with it he he :pled possesses a mensely great ; yet endeavours surprising knack of taking oc- to see that no one leaves him dis- casions and chances by the hand appointed. His philanthropy is and whenever he discovers one he unbounded and he has got too swoops down on it like a hawk sympathetic a heart for a man with swiftness and precision. He of riches. From him scores of sees truly and acts decisively. He widows get monetary help regularly .esses an ever-active mind but in the shape of monthly allowances in his activities there is no trace and hundreds of needy and the des- of either hurry or discomposure. erving find in him a liberal-minded Self-complacent and M-lf-posses^,! helper who seldom says no. His In-- ma tery over himself is the contributions to public institutions to his surprising succ- especially those, the object of which i- tile amelioration of the Hindus A man of imple habits and in any shape or form, are truly i requirements, he is addicted tn princely. While sitting at his dinner notlnn:' but hi- cup of tea. Say table he fails not to think of t--a and atonce lie fee] .1 craving La:-' >r-steps and - tn have it. I Vept it, thi-le IS mi- not so l,,ng as he is hungry. It is c i 'ti "ii to lie thing without which he mnot d< .. no say that earns II lie ttlll" Win le.nly I like a prince and spends like a ^aint. PUNJAB S EMINENT HINDUS 43 He has translated the golden maxim turning to a friend standing by, he of charity, "let not thy left hand said, "It is indeed very kind of all know what thou giveth with thy these gentlemen to have come to do a to like this otherwise I right" into action with large honour me ; heartedness which commands es- feel embarrassed at the demonstra- teem and admiration. And in tion, because I feel that I have done return for all that he does in this nothing to deserve this show of direction he wants no reward, no regard and affection." This is typical and no for he has of him. He never entertains feel- praise thanks ; complete scorn of the arts of ings of exaggerated importance advertisement and exaltation. What- about himself and sometimes carries ever he does, he does as a matter of this trait to such extreme limits that sheer duty. That is the cardinal at times you cannot help feeling to himself. principle of his life. When he left that he is unfair He for Bhagalpur to court arrest by feels a genuine delight in forgetting offering civil disobedience, he did so that he is great and in it lies the without revealing it to any body true greatness of this noble-hearted and when he found a large number gentleman who in more ways than of his admirers gathered on the one occupies a unique position not but in the platform to bid him good-bye he only in our province ; as was surprised and asked smilingly calendar of self-help hagiology " What's it all for ? What have 1 well. done to merit all this ?" Then 31. ffi. aia Qapat (By N. B. S-n) K. B. Lala Copal Das, M.I. .A., L. Mohan Lai Bhatnagar, who was i- a popular figure in the social anil then a well-known figure in this political lift; of our province <>n province and was supported by the account of his various qualities of mighty machinery of the Indian head and heart. He is in public National Congress. Judging from life for the last 20 years and has the small difference of about 50 endeared himself to all sections of votes by which he lost, it can be said the Hindu community by his sin- with confidence that the Kai Kahadur; cere cll'orts to serve their best like his rival, must also be a \ interests at all times. He is a popular figure with the public, who public man who has risen in public gave a convincing proof of their estimation with a clean record of faith in him by returning him with public service. a thumping majority in the very next elections in 1924. Sinn- then ' I rn on the 4th of February, R. B. Lala Gopa! Das has been ) at ] ; ,s in election and ha- ISO", Lahore, (".opal -] successful every his childhood under the personal been a member of our Legislature ( care of his loving parents. At the continuously for the last 1 ) years. of 10 he was admitted to the This is a brilliant record for any Aitchi-on Chief's College. Lahore, public man and it furnishes a proof fr<>m where lie pa-.sed the final p itive of his popularity with the i\ iminatioii with distinction in 1914. electorate for whom he has done SO He then joined the (".overmen! much. It was due to his valiant " < il'.e^e, Lahore, but 1) id t< > leave ellorts on the tloor of the House it aft-M three years' tudy, without that the late-lamented Sir 1 a to tin- takin: degree, due to I ome serious Fa/1-i-Hussain had reduce trouble which has -inn- been land revenue by 50 per cnt. Sir < d. Later on, he assisted his Fa/li was anxious not to give relief father in his vast bu-iness at beyond 25 per cent, but the st md Lahore and elsewhere. For a few taken bv the K'ai Bahadur forced In- continued his business his hand- and he had to give uav. .1 i he wai \ '-r\- fi ind of This useful reform \\a gn ally public lit'*- he contested at i he appleciated by tile public who \\eie of 22 a t in the Punjab Legisla- grateful to him. tive Council, as it was then c died, on the I lindu S.ilih.i ticl et. But At present he j- Secretary of the- he \v:r defe if-d I iV the Lite Independent Party in the Punjab PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINM - = I g o R,B Lala Gopal Das, M.L A. >n ' t" " if. .1' ' innl ^nn .;' J I :TNJABS EMINI.NT 45 Legislative Assembly. In 1938, he Bahadur is an arthodox Hindu and along with other members of the a staunch Sanatanist. He is a great Hindu Nationalist Party left the advocate of reforms in Hindu Ministerial benches on the question temples and places of worship. The of the Agrarian Bills. He very Hindu Religious and Charitable strongly recorded his protest against Endowments Bills popularly known the manner in which these highly as the Hindu Temple Bill, is being controversial measures of far-reach- sponsored by him and is pending ing importance were rushed through before the Punjab Legislative the Legislature. Assembly. In the course of his speech in the Assembly on the Due to his charming manners motion for referring the measure and social habits, he is an asset to his to a Select Committee, R. B. Lala party. In the Legislature he is very Gopal Das said : much on account of his respected ' The Bill aims at the sober and independent views. His removing evils in view-son Indian Politics are clear cut. which have crept our of Public He wants complete independence places worship. interest demands that for his Motherland and is a national- we should not care for the ist in the true sense of the term. He oppo- sition of who have believes strongly in joint electorates people as a solution for communal troubles. vested interests. We must Though he feels that the Muslims prefer public interests to the benefit of the with of India have every right to live as people vested interests. Whenever equal and honourable partners in reforms are to be the social and political life of our any sought introduced the country, he thinks that some of the culprits always raise false alarms in to demands of the Muslim League are order retain their to unreasonable, impracticable and power indulge even anti-national. He admires the in corruption or escape the of their mis- various qualities of Mr. Jinnah, but consequences deeds." considers his present leadership harmful to the as well as country Continuing he remarked: to the best interests of the Muslims '' themselves. The Rai Bahadur I am not aware of any Shastra approves of the principles of the which prohibits the removal Hindu Maha Sabha with some of corruption from our reli- modifications. He desires that it gious places. I challenge any should be a strong body to safe- body to show me any refer- guard the legitimate interests of the ence from the Hindu Hindus. He is of the opinion that .Scriptures which forbid the the vested interests which have un- reform of mis-managed fortunately crept into this great temples. My object is mere- body should be replaced by men ly to bring our temples to the with a spirit of service devotion same level of prosperity and and selflessness to make, it a really usefulness as was in evidence living force in the political life of in the days of the Hindu the country. Personally the Rai Kings in ancient times." - - v EMIXE'. 1 HlNl'l ( ,:,. d : Unlike other aristocrats, the Kai I', diidur has no liking for indoor " but is fond of like 1 ven if I am called upon to Barnes, manly sports, li:- 1 lay il-iwn my in a right- llyinL , mountaineering and shooting. in eous cause, 1 wi.ul.l id. idly do He has, fact, a great passion for ." shooting. Even as a boy he dis- play d iare skill in this art by down birds in t he- 5 shooting living \ i mitt->r i>f fart, s,.ich reform field ' ii.s uncle, L. llarkishen do n >t geiier illy re.juip- tin- laying 1' i \ e him a prize which greatly down of lives: what is needed is encourged th-- young boy. \\lien devotion with of coupled sinrerity he to manhood lie to,.md him- and which grev. purpose perserverance, self me-istibly ilrawn tow.nds the Kai Hahadur p . esses qualities shooting so much M> th.it he is now in an abundant measure. It is hoped considered to be an expert sl.ol by he will succeed ere in long placing all those who have >een him in this Hi 1 on th- Statute Hook. The action Hi^ achievements in this Kai Hahadur was congratulated by domain are marvellous, it not sur- the late I'reinier, Sir Sikandar Hyat prising. During his huntin:- Khan, on the tloor of the House for expeditions in the forest'- ot Kangra, continuing the noble task of Temple A-s.im anil the Central 1'rovim . -. Keform. In 1939, he also sponsored he has b.u'.'ed about 96 crocodiles, the Hill in the Punjab Anti-Dowry 80 black Himalayan bi-.ns, one wild embly to remove the gl.uing bullalo, one leopard and 15 tigeis. evils of the dowry system, hut the me isure was opposed by the Union- I-'lying is another hobby \\ith ists and it fell through. him. He qualified himself a pilot in 1929, purchased his pii\ate plane a little later and gei,. ial y In K H. Lala public life, Gopal finds tune to remain in the air. He is is active and D very popular. is a Director of the Indian National ^ocietie^ and ollires have h>n- Many Airways, New Delhi and is a Mem- ouied him with offices, lie is Presi- ber of the Northern India Flyim; dent of tlie Saiu'.eet S.ibha, Lahore, Club, Lahore. It may be mention, d Member of the Commit- Managing here that his younger brother, L. tee of S. 1 >. College, Lahore, Koop Chand is a Flight- Lieutenant of the S. D. School retary High in the Indian Air Force and is con- a Member of the Sub-Committee, i-ideied to be one of the ablest pilots I cutive Committee of the Sanatan in this country. Dh.iim i 1'i.itmidhi Sabha, 1'unjab; I- in Seen t.irv of N' >rthern India The Kai P.ahadur is also an n tor tin' Protection of Alpinist of note and is a great Wild Lile, .1 Member of the Fxe- adventurer. He has successfully cuti\e( , .mmit tee 1 1| the Aitchison climbed several high mountains in Chief's College Old Hoys' Associa- tin country. During his visit to tion a M- mber of l-'auna in he ; the Kurope 1920, climbed the ( ..nimitlee and the lim t a of | Leader of Yon;; Frau, high peak the Alps the Nation. il \\'ar I-'i..nt, with a group of international moun- PUNJAB'S KMINENT HINUDS 47 taineers. He is still a member of In spite of his princely fortunes, the Alpine Club of Switzerland. he is cordial, gentle and polite with all and has no pride or naughtiness As is natural, this great sports- about him. When he shakes hands man is not a great lover of books. with a person, one feels as if he is Of Course, books on Sports do meeting an old and intimate friend interest him a good deal. Among after a long interval. What a English poets, Tennyson is his warmth is there, what a sincerity favourite. Urdu or Hindi poetry his handshake conveys! A gentle- does not seem to have attracted man with a hospitable nature, refined much of his attention. Among the manners and genial temperament, biographies of great men, he says he is very much liked in society. A that he liked 'Grey Wolf, Abbot's dutiful son, a loving husband and ' ' Napolean and autobiographies of an effectionate father, his domestic Gandhi and Jawahar Lai. life is very happy. He has few but fine friends in The Rai Bahadur has also whom he confides and is ever ready travelled He has visited widely. to help them in case of need. and almost all the coun- England Philanthropy is in his blood and he tries of Europe, except Russia, and feels a thrill of pleasure in helping has also toured throughout India the poor and needy persons. He and the Far East. He studied with is also a great patron of art and keen interest their culture, civili- literature and contributes liberally sation and mode of and is living towards their advancement. He in favour of their adopting good also takes a keen interest in music. points. He supplied the syllabus in Music to the University of the Punjab and his wide travels he ad- During is an examiner for B.A. in Music, hered to his usual Indian dress, both Vocal and Instrumental. consisting of an Achkan, Churidar He is indeed a son of his Pyjama and a Pugree. It was, no worthy father Rai Bahadur Lala doubt, a bold step which was greatly worthy Ram Saran Das. appreciated. Jllafiattna (Bv Principal Sri kani Sh.inna, M. A ) ( >. lNf>4, in a small younL; boys to -MUM- \ dla-^e t isk and town in th:- district i>f 1! >shiarpur, a live happily ther ifter, 1'ut child was born in a Khatri family Devi was made ot sterner stuff. deemed t excercise tremendous refu-ed to throw the burden of : i the infl >t "iily mi his contempo- maintaining family on her eldest raries but mi tin- entire course of the son. She put her o-.vn shoulders history of the Punjab as well. His manfully to the task, kept her eldest ath 11 I A her own labours. iesh >evi, had inherited from Ivr by father the habit of laying down the law for :ill and sundrv. Kondly lovc(l To ease the burden on (ianesh an ot' lv his r>] 1 ran 1-father and brought Devi's shoulders, aunt Hans t .ml affe.-tioii his l\ 1 offered to ike him H ith her to up with cu-' by 1. ( I Ian-, l\a to for his sen )n the p irenl m- i grew up Jullundur xilin^. of he i . I!' irl 'ioolin outbreak chol.-ra at IK- M'-kl b iy. Jullundur, ions illi; his aunt's to interrupt'- 1 bv the sci accompanied family a i,f !n- father. As the father was Mianmir near Lahore There \\a- in the house -soon after their renii >ved f i' 'in pt.n-i- t" pi ice fi .r theft treatment, Ilanslv'aj accompanied arrival at Mianmir. His relative- him in attendance. \\'hat he lost in L;P W reStl\e; the l, (1 y seemed to be regular education, he gained in an briniiiL; ill luck wherc\-.-r in- \\eiit. to i- irlv in-ivht int" the Ii oiible^ ;uid In di-L;i ice he came back Rijuaia ti ink of this \\"i-ld. Si ion after hi- return he wa - 1 ><-\ i, a I Fis father'- illne^ ju'oved fatal. married to Thakm daugl ' On I'-ebru.! ' hum Lai died Lala Knpa K'am Chaddhn "t b.'hmd him his sorrowing I l.idiab id in Kapui thala. This did the nd two daii'.d:: nol biiiiL,- upon his shoulders % ' I '-ut h< , "11< Iva 'A as cai es oi a h. 'u ehi del 's life. The Id.-st Si in, M 1, b in-lv ixteen and -till a student at now coir-ideied hini-i-li a '^i"\\n up' ' , the lani- , I deinand'-d irtition of the timenl Seh. 1, loshiaipur. and p To then dr m. iv the t.imily discovei - ily i)rop<:rly. Mulk K'aj knew that e,| th it though La la < huni Lai had there .\a no |>ropei tV t' > -hale; he 1 I. force th it : ins lived frugally and well, hey had noth- COn\ inced K.i] by ' his futuie hool rather than ing t" live Llpoll. File e.islest ('Mill a Would It.lVe be. -11 t" yoke the tuo in di-selopint; into silla^e shop- PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS in.u inm in n, inni IIMJ mni- inni I o o g g Mahatma Hans Raj. g o i J " rfXJAP/S EMINENT HINDI'S. 49 keeper. The beating that Hans Raj Dayanand had visited the Punjab received changed the course of hist- in 1877. This had been followed ory in the Punjab. by the establishment of an Arya Samaj at Lahore. With several of Admitted in the Government his contemporaries, Guru Dutt, School, Hoshiarpur, Hans Raj soon Lajpat Rai and Chenta Nand became a bright boy. But he was not among others he fell under the destined to live here very long. spell of Lala Sain Dass, then Mulk Raj matriculated in 1877 and President of the Arya Samaj, after some months of college edu- Lahore. He became its member cation he joined the Posts and and while still at College, he as- Telegraph Department at Lahore. sumed the editorship of its official The family now moved to Lahore organ, the Regenerator of the and Hans Raj was admitted into Aryavarta. Swami Dayanand's the Mission School. Here he death in 1883 plunged the Arya proved his mettle not only as a Samaj into grief. A movement was young and intelligent student but started to raise a suitable memorial as a wide awake Hindu as well. to the great Kishi : with the best He was expelled from the school of wills in the world, the small band for daring to dispute the opinion of the Arya Samajists all over the of his missionary teacher that the country was not able to raise more Vedas taught idolatory. He was than Rs. 10,000,'- by November, easily the best boy of his class and 1885. As a brilliant graduate, the Headmaster gladly re-admitted Hans Raj now had the whole world him on the of of intervention some at his feet. He could have easily his colleagues. got a secure place in the Public Service of the country. But fired In December 1880, Hans Raj as he had been by the course of the matriculated. Mulk Raj had Arya Samaj, he could not see the inherited his mother's indomitable movement to raise a memorial to will and self-sacrificing spirit. that great spirit peter out. If he was Though getting only Rs. 30/- enough money was not forthcoming, a month, he decided to set apart its want could be made good by a portion thereof in order to make stout hearts. He timidly suggested it for possible Hans Raj to continue to his elder brother that, if per- his education at the Punjab mitted, he would like to devote University College. With the help of himself to the cause of the Arya a scholarship and the modest allow- Samaj. Mulk Raj eagerly welcomed which his ance, brother gave him, the suggestion and gave it a practi- Hans Raj managed to continue his cal shape by undertaking to share studies at college and he passed the half_his meagre salary with Hans Degree examination of the Punjab Raj in case he undertook to serve University in 1885 standing third in the movement honorarily. Here order of merit. was a Didhichi offering his own life as a sacrifice so that the cause of It was while at College that a the gods might prosper. The roles tremendous change took place in of Rama and Lakshmana were Hans Raj's outlook on life. Swami reversed; the elder brother agreed 50 s EMISKNT HIV p'-:ng himself into voluntary trated, could bf. successfully combin- rty in order to enable the ed with piety and patriotism and a young-r brother to keep up his -, race of youngmen raised, who would of renunci:f be as proud of their ancient herit- age f their new intellectual H ins Kaj n<>\v wrote a letter to attainments. th-- S ;y, Arya Samaj, Lai ring his honorary services as the The school LK-V. from strength Headn ster uf the proposed to strength. Intermediate classes 1 I vanand Anglo- Yedic Hi^h were added in 1889, the degree . ember 1SS5, the proposed draft from the University in 1899. A he constitution of the D. A. \'. Fellowship in Sanskrit was founded College Society was ready for cir- '! ifter. It SOOn developed the culati m. On January 31, 1886, Science Faculty Classes as well representatives of the various Arya 1) >th on the medical as well as the iajes in the Punjab, Sind and non-medical side. With the growth the I'nited Provinces met to con- in the number of the classes, the r this drat't. On February J7, number of students also in- the first meeting < f the pavanand creased. When he retired from the '.o-Vedic College M. making Principalship in 1911. the Col Committee was held and on June 1, had (>7 1 students and the school 1886, the movement took shape in another 1565, the largest that any th.- fonn of the Dayanand Anglo- educational institution in Northern \ .-die High School established .it India could then boast of. Tin- Lahore. institution th it had started with a mod, st capital of Ks. 25,000 - in issf, had a of l\s. June 1, shall always remain capital fund a red-letter day in the history of 8,31, 4 19/- in 1911. The first annual the Punjab. On that day young budget provided for an expenditure lla:i- K entered into his inherit- of Ks. 1'iji the tj 6,700'-. In_ college ance as the Indian Headmaster of spent Ks. I..:. h77 -. In quality as .in educalion.il institution staffed well the Rayanand School and entirely and managed completely College had been holding more than by Indians. ^n that memorable their oun in the educational world. ;i an experiment which In 1910, for example, the stud, nts tried to bring the Aligarh and Po.>n a of the I >.A. V. College t' 'Pped the nio\ements together by a-s.-rtin^ list of the successful candidates in that Knylish education could l- Sanskrit, I'uie Mathematics, Che- ly and pro.'itably impnt'-d to mi-try, History and Fcoiioimcs in \h<- Indian youth without either the degree ' xamination. Yi ar in denationalizing or Christianizing and year out, the College had been th'-m. L'-arnint,', it was demons- ling out the largest batch of 51 \ PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDI'S looking man put graduates from any one institution. sumptive been into that undertaking; but Magniticient buildings, had not the capacity to be im- provided for the School, the College, with the passion for the College Hostel and the School pressed service and the devotion and Boarding House. zeal with which service was And Hans Raj presided over rendered." destinies of the institution for the How much the institution owed five years. How he ap- twenty to him has been well-described by paared to some of the outsiders who Lala Lajpat Rai : came into contact with him was " Lala Hans thus described by a prominent This sacrifice (of made it for the : Raj) possible journalist the first promoters to open he certainly "Strange looking department of the college- was almost was. His figure the school in 1886. Lala thin as and as if to as reed, Hans Raj has ever since been for the banner main- compensate the guiding star and was surmounted with a In stay of the institution. voluminous white turban tied the interests of the college not much care '' with he has not spared himself in " It is impossible to There was no side to the man any way. of the Samaj with- as he moved about the think Arya out these two names (Lala College premises. Access Hans Raj and Mahatma to him was easy at least Munshi Ram) next to that for me. At the mature age of the great founder. It is of sixteen one boldly lifts the impossible to think chick hanging in front of any equally 1 Vedic ' of the'Dayanand Anglo- sanctum. Hans College without Lala he did have had "But I soon learnt that Raj while others his not suffer fools easily. One other interests in life been the could get into the Principal's sole concern has Office but could not get at D.A.V. College and the Arya have the man who presided there. Samaj. There may Through his thick glasses, been some others who have, the best in his myopic eyes would pierce perhaps, given to the soul. His words were their life to this institution, one few but well pointed. There but he alone stands as was no hood winking him, who has given his all for it. no second attempt to do so." He has stood firm, leading a life of unique simplicity, of "That much was plain to me, unostentatious poverty, of and even then. I lacked the per- unassuming renunciation, ception to appreciate, at of single-minded devotion, anything like its full value, a life irreproachable in and the administrative ability private character unique that this frail, almost con- in public service." i ! MINI : a 1, after serving the Mid caused \acancv in the tor twenty five ! >n;' y ir^, IV ' ntship of the Managing n. 't i h^ \vas K ij retired t" mtt'-e and unanimously : retired ease but to all the place which Kai throw himself mop- tli >r~ uglily i'lto i 1 n L i! i L il C.h i:vl h i 1 i i ii 1 . 1" V S 1 His abl for an- ! M irs in- [ 1 uf a oth- ye guided the l> d'- i D.A.V. iby tini of the movement i:^ 1 1 1 .1: Lal.i ins Presid nt. These 5 : ! t . it to the voted increasingly to of . ire of other h i :.;am/.iii -cnlleL:iatc ediua- tion. In 1918, lie vacated the - The 1 )..\.\'. ("nil' J 'i( sidei.t i.il chair thoiu.-h lie not the only monument raised 1 mar ted with the w tW'Mityfive I hard work \\hich M.m.iLjiiiL: Committ< til' hi ileath I . i Hans Kaj had put in. High in 19 '..Is hul been established inseve- r il other parts of the country not, i- After 1D1S, he mad.- the \\-ork : ', of and Harpur, Jullundur, Feroze- n-li.L'ioiis i ro).,iL'inda humani- pur, Rawalpindi, Multan and Ahhntt- tarian activities his . i as more than the foundation the 1 r. -i .. nt of the (Yr.tral and maintenance of these institutions A sembly of the Arya Samajes of had been the attempt which he had the 1'unjab, Sind, Baluchi made to draw the best that was in Ka-hmir and North \\'evii rn the youth of his community by Frontier Province. Cnderthe able holding aloft before them his own le.nl of Lala Lajpat Kai, the At \ a nplc of self-sacrifice and re- Samaj had alre ady enten-d th' field nunciation. Outside the Christian if famine relief and all--.iatHn of Missionary circles such sacrifice had human distress which till i! . met with in North'-in Missioii.uies had made all th.. it- India. Put Lala I Jans Kaj was own. Lala Han- Kaj ably .ISM: n , d not content with acquiring a unique the mantle which had at fust :tion that way. Py founding the adorned the shoulders of Lala r of Life M< mbers in the Lajpat Kai in the lath : ' < 1 '. '. V. liege, I ,ahore, and its or indisposition, I-'aniiia-- in the r institution h, . ible to Cnitrd Provinces, K'ajiuit.ma. tin- 1 ,. |\ ; : the youthful ardoin of Central Province -, tin hinir in my "i his students and admirers, and Central India, tl Is in 1 )elhi had '1 themselves at and elsewhere, organi and th liich burnt s-> richly in robbery in the North bin 1'iovincf ainl Malabar and earth- quake', in i he 1 'imjab, P. ilui !,i tan I'll iii'di he retired from the and Bihar always found him n-ady r cipalship of the College in and at his feet to rii^li to the relief tined that he ot human distress i tive of from active pirtici- anv i m 'deration of caste, colour i. in it i'ti irs or cre.-d. ( )ther ]i r in for lon.. The or^ani.: ations d' ith uf |\ n Bahadai L il.i Lai found in his band of workers, help- \ PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS. 53 ful colleagues yet ever-zealous done. Spending the hot summer of workers. Inspired by his own 1923 in the various districts of the example, the young and old left United Provinces, he spared no pains their normal vocations at his call, in undoing the injustice of centuries the rich and the poor belonging to which had kept thousands of all communities untied their purse Rajputs outside their castes prob- strings and never did a call for relief ably for some minor sins of omis- of distress made by him suffer either sion or commision. for lack of funds or absence of willing workers. When he had A very prominent feature of his once blazed the trail several other life was his undivided devotion to organizations ably followed his the cause of the Arya Samaj and lead. the D.A.V. College. When politics beckoned many of his colleagues to their side, when popular clamour He made history when throwing called on him to leave his chosen all prudence to the winds, he field for fresh he would not only relief of distress pastures, organized not turn aside from the he had among the victims of Moplah path once chosen. He had made his atrocities in Malabar but attempted bed and would lie on it! the reconversion to Hinduism of gladly Early in his life he had accustomed those who had been forcibly con- himself to leave official frowns and verted to Islam by the Moplas. favours alone he continued on his Friends and foes had alike warned ; way undisturbed by popular growls him of the dangers that lay ahead. and mass applause as well. He had Malabar was far away and if nearer long accustomed himself to speak centres were not prepared to take out his mind on all occasions ; he up the task, he could have been would not keep silent now when easily pardoned if he had drawn bitter truth had to be told even to back. Rut after spending a sleep- popular audiences. Thus he stood less night, he boldly assumed out against the programme of edu- the leadership of the movement and cational -uhich did not rest till he had reconverted non-co-operation formed a part of the Congress almost all the forcibly converted programme in 1919 23. But he Hindus to their original faith. yoked the fervour roused in favour of independent educational institu- Not less solid was his work tions to found an Industrial School, among the Malikanas of the United place the Dayanand School of Provinces and Rajputana. These Indian Medicine on a surer footing, were half-Hindu, half-Muslim establish an independent School of groups of Rajputs lying outside the Divinity and found a Technical roll of the Hindu caste system. To Institute. persuade their brother Rajputs to readmit them into their original He never spared himself in the sub-castes was not an easy task. service of any cause, which he made But when he had made up his mind his own. Educational regeneration, once to do a thing, it was not in him social reform, relief of distress, to leave it either ill-done or half- literary activities, propaganda tours 5-4 PUNJAB'S KMINKNT ]> half of the College i>r th-- him. In 1923 his work in the burn- Aiy.i S.tin.i), whatever attracted him ing heat ot June and July in the at the moment had hi-; full sup; hot plains of the United Provin lie would never d<> ar.v.hing by resulti d in his developing a ' and starts 1 It never liK- /zle i.iibui cle. He was rushed to Lahore hi- colleagues and the public by trom Agra where he was at once grandiose visit us \\hich he knew he successfully operated upon. After h id no power of translating into a month of serious anxiety he v\as .tie-, But injustice and op| pronounced out of danger. A S.uihu siun in all their form- roused whom he met casually in the course his wrath and he would never leave of a train journey suggested that he them alone undisturbed. had diabetes. For a year he went on worrying about it and subjecting Though seventy four at the time himself to various tests till he was of his death in 1938, he was still in finally assured that there was not harness. He had thrown aside one the least possibility of his being office after another :s soon :is he diabetic. Meanwhile his eyesight had found an able successor to take began to grow weak. In 1933. he his his place. I'-ut out of office, or in, \\- nt to Vienna accompanied by r a ; was always the great worker. eldest son Lala Hal raj and famous \\hen on Oct( ber 25, 1938, he fell Viennese surgeon performed an restored his ill, he had been actively busy con- operation which eye- sidering several new schemes till sight, but not sufficiently for him to the very moment he was forred to i ead and write. lake to bed. I le went on with his work pac- Mahatma Hans Raj had a frail ing a busy life. Towards tl - physique but usually it seemed to middle of 1938 when he went to retreat, be ! servant of his spirit. 11 irdwar tor his usual spring Hxcept for his v.eak eyesight he harl his health was again somewhat 111 lew serious ailments. |-5ut the He complained of headache aid phvsical strain to which he subjected sleeplessness. When he returned t" his body sometimes told heavily n Lahore he was examined by an his health. At one time early in eminent physician, who could detect his career, h-- seemed to be develop- no sign < r : middle of -hot up to 10-1 . ,lmly and Toward tW October - of 1 to he again methodically began | developed symptoms ' instruc 1 for the trouble, though not serious enough ] disposal of his pi-perty. Me to cause anxiety. On October J5, eldom been realty ill that the he went for his usual moining walk at about 9 a in. t sign of serious illness disturbed and returned home PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS. 55 At about 11 a.m. he developed lites were all there. In the funeral stomach ache and soon his tempera- procession the Arya Samajists min- ture began to rise. By the evening gled with the orthodox Hindus, his condition had grown worse. Sikhs, Muslims and Christians. N "iie of his sons or daughters was Officials vied with the non-officials at that time at Lahore, but his in paying their last respects to a eldest son, Lala Balraj, was sum- soul that was no more. The funeral moned by telephone from Delhi. procession was about a mile and a Meanwhile Dr. Vishwa Nath exa- half long. Leaving the college at mined him and found his condition 12-20 p.m., it took the procession serious. In the evening the foremost five hours to reach the banks of the physicians of Lahore held a con- Ravi at 5-15 p.m. when the last rites sultation, they agreed that his were performed. Those who wit- condition was somewhat grave but nessed that scene felt strangely were hopeful of his ultimate re- moved and went away convinced covery. that a Mahatma, a great soul, had at last found rest in the eternal. Unfortunately, when he was well on his way to recovery other com- So lived and so died Mahatma plications set in. At one time it Hans Raj. But for him it would was thought that he had developed not have been possible for the pleurisy. All the resources of Punjab to take its position in the modern science were employed for front-rank in the educational field. the diagnosis and treatment of the It was his spirit of renunciation disease but without effect. His which makes it possible for the pulse began to get erratic and he D.A.Y. College Society to run so pa.ssed some blood on November 6. many educational institutions at so More consultations were held among little cost. But for him, education the physicians and Colonel Harper in the Punjab would have been left \elson was telegraphed for from to the tender mercies of the he was Jammu ; unfortunately not Government alone which would available. Everything that was have meant that mote than three humanly possible was done to fight quarters of the literates in the the disease, but nothing gave him Punjab would have gone without any relief, and at 11 p.m. on this blessing. It was he who sent November 16. he passed away. hundreds of youngmen to every nook and corner of the Punjab every year, The that sight Lahore witnessed imbued with the spirit of sacrifice, on November 17, when his last rites service and self-reliance, ever ready were performed was unforgettable. to wage war against ignorance, Lahore had not seen its like after superstition and poverty. Every- of the death Maharaja Ranjit Singh where the D.A.V. 's have been found in 1839. As he lay in state in the ready to brave dangers in the service hall of spacious the D.A.V. College, of their religion, their country and the stream of his Lahore, admirers humanity at large. It was Hans Raj marched past. Rich and poor, who taught the Punjabi heart to literates and illiterates, citizens of beat in sympathy with the sufferers Lahore and train-loads of mofussi- in Malabar, Assam, Chhatis Garh, -MNENT HI.N: Kajputana .mil I\ulut. It was Hans i without sitting at his feet. whu mai'o tin- young 1'unjab lets of public opinion in other hold its head high because in him parts of India and in other commu- they lound a leader who embraced nities exhorted their follower* by a life uf living martyrdom not in citing his example. Neither a order to pursue tin- will of the wisp spiritual leader in its comnionsense, of eternal bliss but solid public nor a political f^uru, it was given to rice, lie taught them to shun II ms Kaj alone to create a fullov.- to]e- publicity like poison, he- ingrained ing, critical yet appreciative, in them the lesson of integrity of i ant yet rb-ervanl. character and single-mindedni -.- an Such are bait of the earth. 1 K t before them example of men the hard work and sincerity of purpose. They li\e and die. so that after them II. ins l\aj it was who blazed a Fiery others mi^ht live fuller and better trail. There are so many channel-. lives than they would have other., now through which the enthusiasm done. ( )ut of the fullness ot hi^ of youngmen can flow to bear fruit heart Han- Kaj gave all that In- in social, political or religious possessed so that not only 'know- reform. But Hans Kaj had to make ledge should grow from more to his w.r . i' re. I le put his more', but 'more of reverence' -.ipoii thousands of youngmen; should also dwell in us. learnt to follow him. f V YORK l.Ul.ir. UBUAUY LBNOX .UNO TIUNiK PUI ic-.i j; c je=3C3(=)COe=3CO(=)OOC3COC3C8C3:OC3CO(=r| *.* s y g n y q o Dr. Har Dayal, M.A.. Ph.D. . 3twt, Slayai. (By Mr. Dharm Vir, M.A., Editor, "Hindu". Lahore.) While living in India and abroad four brothers resembled each other 1 had heard so many stories about very much. Though all of them the patriot-saint Har Dayal. His possessed very fine brains they had unequalled sacrifice, his hard life, weak hearts. All the four brothers his extra-ordinary intellect, his carp- died of heart failures. ing criticism, his personal magic all these and many things more about this genius had reached me from After graduating from the St. various quarters. My imagination Stephen's College at Delhi, Har had by itself conjured a picture. Dayal came up to Lahore in 1903 Just a chat for a few minutes with though his fame had already reached the man and my picture would begin the students' community at Lahore. to pulsate, that is how I had Wherever he went about in the argued in my leisure several times. town, students would point at him 1 ' The year 1933 provided me an "There goes Har Dayal. There is opportunity of studying him from an interesting story about him. It is close quarters. said that he could tell anything and everything from a book which he had read once. This may be an exggera- Lala Har Dayal was born in tion, but the fact that he beat the Delhi. His father was employed in record in the Master of Arts Exami- the District Court. Though a man nation of the University of the of poor means he possessed a small Punjab (and his record could not be house of his own. He had four broken by anybody so that the sons Har Dayal was the youngest. University was forced to remove it) Manohar Dayal practised at the bar proves that intellectually he was a at Meerut, Bhairo Dayal practised giant. at Muzaft'arnagar and Kishan Dayal at Delhi (later on at Lahore). Once a Maharashtrian Brahmin Har Dayal was yet a student when came to the Punjab and performed he was married. His father-in-law some feats of memory at Lahore, was a magistrate at Patiala. The Gujranwala and other places. HINDI S 1 il these rich and 1 1.a >.iy alter witnessing high English families : ;ve ft-.it- 1-5 said to h ive remarked thus their higher education. ' - <.-ral ot "We::, what of it 1 think, I too, the governors and could do similar things." And \iccruys who have from time to time e to rule Actually he did five things at one and over India have been the same turn-. Hi- played at chess. the products ot the I'mv. -r>;tu- Ik- counted the ringing of the bell. id and Cambridge. Due to the ' of :udent- . ind Latin spirit renunciation and sacrr recited . I l.ir Dayal Lala Har Dayal was held in high repeated those correctly. A problem esteem both by the teachers and Un- Arithmetic t before him. taught, doing in for competit, He did thit successfully Whenever like those of the 1. C. S. was consi- such feats of memory were performed dered to be a certificate of high by liar Dayal (and he performed intellect in Hindu>than then. Such these more than once) he felt giddy things were taken to be the service the end. This is what he told a of the Motherland also. 1 abu friend who is still alive. Aurobindo Ghosh and Mr. Subha-h Bose went in for these competit: It would have been very easy for In his student-life Har Day al Lala liar Dayal to get through was a free-thinker. Certain leadi-rs such competitions, yet he ne\n of the Brahmo Samaj tried to enlist dreamt of these. He thought it him as one of their nienih<-r-. They was against the principles he had . >et brtore It \\eresucce-- . ri-rtain extent- himselt. is one thing to -et a certain ai.u II Har Dayal thought of running the j ost, it it is newly-planned Dayal Singh Col ; quite another never to think by setting before himself the exam- of it although a man in sure to get it if he ple of Lala i' ater Mihatina) Hans once makes up his mind. Kaj'- -acnfice. (Lala Hans Raj ' of i then the principal the D.A.X. In London, the late M . 1 College). Tli' thmo Samaj bhai Nan-ji \\as running the Indian people thought that I In 1 ),iyal would Association. Sonir -uicu-nts in m the State Scholarship and alter ().\foid an.l ("ambridge aU<>. In sid( - graduating from Oxford h: ci>ul ', mi 5C 1:1 Loiulon, came down to his return, take charge of their attend it- fornightly meeting'. As institution. Some of them knew >ed to this the late 1'andit then that many things more, and Shy.imn Krishi.a X'arma founded tin- greater, were in store for him. India House for Hindu Stud' by spending a lakh of ruj . Young Vinayak Damod.ir Sasarkar Lala Har Dayal did get the was then putting up tin u- Lala :e Scholarship in 1905 when he 11. ir Dayal a No us-d to mine doun went to Kngland. At the Balliol to Iniha House and v, - n found College, Oxford, he was known \ci.-mg with the old Pandit for his high character, simplicity, who published his fortnightly leview. nobility and intellectuality. It is "The Indian Socialogi-t," wherein ' : at I and L'.imbi uL'e that ily declared that the leaders most of the youngmen coming of ot" the Indian National Congress, like I'UXIAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 59 Messrs. Naroji & Gokhale, were should take special care of May 11, friends of the British Government 1907. The informers of the Police whereas Mr. (later Lokmanya) worked upon their imagination and Tilak was a real patriot. In 1907 the Punjab Government, too, began Mr. Gokhale (he was then seeking to see red in everything. Sardar election to the National Labour Ajit Singh was arrested and Lala Club of London) met Bhai Parma Lajpat Rai was deported to Nand and requested him to ask Mandalay. The news of those Har Dayal to become a life-member arrests produced a great stir in the of the Servants of India Society at minds of Hindu students in London Poona. Bhai Parmanand and Har and other places. This agitation Dayal saw Mr. Gokhale in this had its effect on Lala Har Dayal connection. "One of the rules of also who wished to see his country your society is" remarked Lala free. He came down to London Mar at the very outset, and confided to Bhai Parmanand Dayal " "that every member should be thus 1 have a mind to leave the loyal to the British Government. University of Oxford, go back to My conscience does not permit India and stir up a movement for this." "Could you then suggest the freedom of the Motherland." any other means of India's inde- Bhai Parmanand was of the opinion pendence?" retorted Mr. Gokhale. that Har Dayal should finish his "I hold that by pushing on the education when he could do what- pit of evolution we can achieve ever he liked. Lala Har Dayal our goal with the help of the went back only to return with an British". "Yes", Lala Har Dayal agitated mind. In another meeting _ cut him short, "but then you can't he told Bhai Parmanand that he enthuse any people for freedom.'' had been to the office of the Secretary of State for India and had In the political field of refused to accept the State Scholar- Hindusthan things were moving ship. The then Under-Secretary, on rather swittly. The Swadeshi Sir James Lyall, wanted to know the and the boycott movements in cause of Har Dayal's attitude. "I Bengal had stirred up the whole couldn't tell you that," replied of the country. The victory of Har Dayal. "But there should be Japan over Russia had created something," remarked the Under- a new life as it were in Asia. secretary. "Nothing particular," the took " In Punjab things an answered Har Dayal. Mind you,'' unusual turn. The movement of put in Sir James, "you are " going non-payment of revenue began wrong." Let that be so. You in the District of Lyallpur. The need'nt worry about it," so saying Punjab Government felt uneasy. Har Dayal came away. A London newspaper suggested that the superstitious people of He considered it a sin to accept Hindusthan were enamoured of and the State Scholarship of pounds two attached great importance to dates; hundred. He named it as tainted 1907 marked the fiftieth year after money. He decided not to accept the occurrence of the Mutiny of the Oxford degree even. Why " 1857, therefore the Government He argued thus All this education 60 "INKN 1 IIIM>rs. and these decrees are me.mt to t.unily on the occasion of th< - den i' ni' 08, Hindus. Suppose marriage of a near relative and for lor a second th.it we Hindus con- this the father sent him money for quer Afg. iirit.m and begin ti bring cond class fare. For Har Dayal 1 .- it I . uh. ins down tu 1 ares, teach was a (iod-send. In early 1908. them Sanskrit an! I"- tow upon he booked third-class passage for them degrees of Shastn and Ka\y i- two. From Colombo they reached tirtha. Will this not be denationalis- the Punjab and leaving his wife at > ing them?" Armed with this argument I'atiala, Har I lyal came np to he lac-d the principal of the Balliol Lahore. College who was enamoured of him nn account i>t his exceptional high He rented a chaubara, a room intellect and character. I in the second storey in Sutar Mandi. principal suggested that II. u I'ayal Ib- dressed himself like a Sadhu in could, p-.-ihaps, refuse the acc-M tance white. Adhiti. L loose shirt and a of the State Schol irs'iip but he small piece of cloth to cover his >huld wait till the conferment of head, these sufficed him. Two the University decree rind for that chapaiies from a bread-maker and period the principal and the rest of some dal in the morning and the the stall' were prepared to arrange same in the evening, that was his for his stay privately. Besides the food. No breakfast in the early S'atc Scholarship, Har Dayal was morning or tea in the afternoon. receiving two others, one of pounds ('oMwiter was his beverage. H'- 'ity an 1 the other of titty. He brought s .11)'- parched Ljrnns. and 1 up these r< o an left the pi iced them in a corner ot his room. I n.ver.sity He used to ^jve a small quantity of these to his honoure 1 guests. No Dival to cot tiicie on a mat . Lala Har wanted return was ; he >!ept to Lahore to propagate his views Once again he wis a centre of Hut how to move out of Oxford' attraction ior the -tudentV C"!n- lie had no money. He was not munity. Hundreds of them \i--it-d alone his wife was aKo with him. him. He addressed them in such a ; Some of his friends thought that \incing manner that whoever ' I lai I -.' ll must h ive money enough came to di-cuss things with him go back otherwise how could he found himself silent alter a leu bid farewell to all the Scholarships minutes. Professor (now Principal) Hut they were wroii!- because thev hiv.an ("hand also visited him. never realised that Har 1'aval acted liar I'ayal preached pure and un- ipon what he believed and did not yed I lin.'.n Nationalism, which toi tb'- quences \\> < he considered to be thr foundation be \gain, he nCVCI of political independence for ' I foi i ]ienny from any 1 1 hid ust ha n. He received scores <>l ; : ns friends. Naturally he must lettcis in I n"!i.sh and 1'idu to which hive |el| !|||er,v. All llIH'Xpecti-,1 he repii-d in Hindi. 'Those who tin v/-r h ip:)--ned. His 'it IHT- :'d II t Ulldel stand i Illldl USe.l to in-!aw c ibled hi n th it hr; sh mid n-c.eive replies in Smskrit. A id his wife bade h .m" s. i th it he series of art! n natioii.nl educa- i d join other nie'nb-M s (jf the tioti was published by liar Dayal PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDI'S 61 his former He in an English daily of Lahore. to talk to pupil. for (Some material for these was was closeted with L. liar Dayal to time. But as soon as the supplied by Bhai Parmanand some the Har had Mar Dayal). The leaders of the guest left place Dayal Indian National Congress thought his mats and the floor of the room of national education as late as 1921 thoroughly washed with water. It when Lala Har Dayal's articles appears that Lala Har Dayal had to meet non-Hindu were published in book-form. Now no desire any they form a part of the permanent then. literature of our country. In one of national educa- his articles (not on The years 1908 and 1909 witness- remarked that tion) Lala Har Dayal ed repression in Hindusthan. Before were both a pleader and a barrister this there had been scenes of riot in where- asses with the difference that the Congress Session at Surat. The about as the barrister could move Government wanted to put down in the whole of the British Empire the extremists. By chance the could do that in the pleader anarchist party raised its head in Mr. (now Sir) Hindusthan alone. Bengal. In Maniktalla, a busy M.mohar Lai took up the cudgels street of Calcutta was found a sort barrister and the on behalf of the of factory of bombs. Lokmanya in one of his lawyer community Tilak, commenting on this event, to the editor of th' 1 the res- letters journal. opined in his Kesari that this with the ponsibility for lay A pertinent question was very Government who had taken to then often put to Lala Har Dayal measures. T h t- " repressive How could you denounce the was to Lokmanya' deported in present system of education Burma. It is said, a moderate are Hindusthan when you yourself leader of Poona, had suggested to a of the same?" He came the-then of product " Mr. Morley, Secretary I'm down upon such persons thus- State for India, that such a step the education what 1 am in spite of was necessary for the maintenance Christians imparted by the foreign of order in the country. In the If in the St. Stephen's College. same year, Mr. Aurobindo Ghosh, of were a product of this system an accused in the Maniktalla bomb- is it that don't his education how you case, left Bengal and took up 1 The find so many Har Dayals?' residence in Pandicherry. A little of the Secretary Youngmen's later, when Sardar Ajit Singh (uncle one Mr. Christian Association, of Bhagat Singh) feared arrest he, asked him in a letter if he Turner, along with Sufi Amba Prasad, a few minutes for him. Persia. few could spire slipped away to (A this he this much Mr. Tilak was To replied only yea_rs earlier when of life is to convert "Your mission involved in his first political case, whereas I Hindus to Christianity Pandit Shyamji Krishna Varma to save them from Christianity. a similar to want slipped away in way there could were I don't think, therefore, England and when questions a he any use of such meeting." raised in the British Parliament, the-then The late Mr. Rudra, about his propaganda he took up his principal of the St. Stephen's abode in Paris. College, once came up to Lahore I'CNJAi - IMIN'FNT i tor The presence and pr.>: of ask anybody pecuniary help. Har Dayal gave a fillip to the The Pans uroup did nut, perhaps political in '. in the Punjab. coulil n-t, understand 11. n !>- It was reported to Har Dayal that \ boi>k on (ieo^raphy came to his arrest was imminent. A question help. He began to thi;:k of a - 1C in his mind "Will it le of country where he could live on .my t^.jjd it 1 remain h-re, in little money. Any Hntish C 1 Imdusth in. and -ted was oat of question. He left P ho'.ild 1 jo to .i'i indep ndeni foi Algiers. Hut the natives l: country, like France and ;n i ; :':i it appeared to him uncivili/.etl. At ' the c-ritie .:' i. icuvitie More time h-- :"-.ind that even his bu- than hi ns-lt he wa- iking ol rn d uiu;er at their u 9. 1 > 11 -ii who h i 1 -a;h -red sides tew persons there understood round iinn L i! i H ir 1 ).iy i! ; the l-'iench lanyuiL;e. He returned do,vn i.) alternative o i a pie.:-: m" to Pans a^ain. Now he select'-d piper juxt.ip >-;in_; each otlier and M irtinu|ue, a Krench Colony m t down point->. At last the West Indies and about h-- decided in favour of the htter this informed Mr. Rana alone. and assured his followers that they should wait for him for some- The stay in Paris and the atti- time. tude of the Indian patriots L;roup there heightened Har Da\ul's sense Paris attracted liar Diyal more of renunciation. He had a!v th in any other place. Many lovers cheri>hed a ceit.iin devotion |\ir ol the freedom of Hindus-dim, who (iautain Buddha. Now he thought were opposed to th ( prominent amon^ whom was Mr. perhaps desired by the iovernment . Rana, was with them. L.ila Har lie thought of takitiL; up an mde|ien- I'.ival thought that making Paris .is deut vocation like pharm.u\v. lie the centre ol propr. rda he could was bound for America when in i-ntiiu-'- all th se Indian students P. iris he was informed by Mr K.ui.i v. i u- who went t" IMI land, or returned that 1 far Dayal eivinf his Paii-.. Probably he letters t nouuh the pi ste ie-taute, th"UL;ht that t! e Indian patriots in Martinique. I-'I.MH Fr.uue llhai ris would of theiuseU -s make P.u in.inand -.vent to New Yik, lie left ior P.ntish all iry irrange :or hi< which place :. ftei tayii there fr a veiy (iuian.i SO that he could work as a : ic owever, he found that he -lon.iiv ot 1 lindu culture an:. w.is wr nol easy to the Indian community ihe:e. I 1^ live on the coiiUncrit in the lin'.i.iii boat tout li'-d Maitin;'|ue wh-Te she Har Da} d do \vith- to atay tor a ft w hours. P.h.n I" , . but e I there an M. h i and m MUMS P.iiiii maud n'>l down the tell him lii'n m something hk.- t ittns m oiiice could not more ' ' 1 used t. Lund' '" m P' I) h he .mid ne- > than this that lar Paynl PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDI'S 63 come there and fetch his letters. Lala Har Dayal informed Bhaiji Bhaiji went back to the jetty dis- then that Gautam Biuldha was his appointed. A negro cooly, however, ideal. He ate some (ood just to escorted him to the mulatto woman's maintain the body. Most of his hut where liar Dayal was putting time passed in studying in a library up. But liar Dayal was then away. or in meditation in a cave on the The guide found him out. Har hill beside. Bhaiji once asked him Dayal came back very much upset. "What's the use of all this? Will it But on meeting Bhaiji he was very do any good to you or to Hindus- much pleased. When the negro than or to the humanity at large ? ho) wanted him to accompany back Gautam Buddha did all he could to on these lines but of what use immediately Har Dayal began ; fear lest some agent of the police was that to us ? Looked at the was out ahunting him. whole thing from one point of view it paved the way for the slavery ot Lala Har Dayal persuaded our country. If, however, you want Bhaiji to stay with him for some- to start any new movement better his be- do that in America have time. He brought down ; you longings from the boat so that undergone enough of penance by Bhaiji could catch the next boat now. Instead of Gautam Buddha fur British Guiana a month let us have before ourselves Swami later. Vivekananda as our ideal. This ideal is needed both by Hindusthan and ' 1 Nearby Har Dayal's residence the rest of the world. was a market where bread, fresh fruits, green vegetables, fried po- Lala Har Dayal never bandied tatoes and the like were available. words with Bhaiji. lie usually All these were so cheap that a man submitted to him. \Yhen, however, could live on rupees five to ten a he disagreed with Bhaiji, he kept month. Lala liar Dayal was coach- quiet. Bhaiji's one month's stay ing one or two youngmen from also had its effect. Due to renun- whom he got a little money. Out ciation Lala liar Dayal was in a of this he paid some as rent for way trying to run away from the the sitting and sleeping rooms. world. Now he was again brought Bhaiji and Har Dayal, both slept on back to it. lie accepted Bhaiji's the ground. Their time was gen- suggestion and agreed to go to the erally spent in discussing problems great American University oi of Hindusthan or the philosophy of Harvard and see what he could do life. During his stay Bhaiji too, there. Bhaiji Irft for British adopted Lala Har Dayal's way of Guiana and Lala Har Dayal, a a to living. The only great change he little later. took boat introduced in that mode was the America. addition of salt to boiled vege- tables at which Lala Har Dayal From California Lala Har Dayal made this remark "I see, you seem wrote to Bhai Parmanand that he to be a master of the culinary art. had gonff to Harvard, where Bhai met him. Bhaiji, where did you learn this Teja Singh, a Punjabee cuisine .' From him Lala Har Dayal came 1'1'NJAI 'S I'MINI-NT ll!NI>r- to know that in the State of and San Fransisco. There were California sever.il thousand Sikhs ten fifteen Indian students at and other Punjabi labourers worked Herkley. Through them Lala Har n .inricultur.il farms and patriotism Dayal was introduced to the Pro- surged in all of them. He prayed fessor of Sanskrit at Herkley. The Lala Har D.iyal to le.id the-n upon University arranged for three lec- which Lila H.ir Diy.il left for Sin tures by Lala H ir Dayal, with the F: msi>co. At the end of the letter result that the te ichers of the Uni- he requ'-ste 1 Bhiiji thus "In my versity began to hold him in high pinion you too, should come here esteem. Liter he was introduced instead of g >i'v_; anywhere el- to the Proprietors of a big new-- Hh.iiji sometime later left British paper at Herkley for which he Guiana for Trinidad and then went wrote one or two articles. The tn Sm Fransi-ro via Nr\v York. journal extolled Lala Har Day il very much in several issues. It appears that the charm of p-nancewis still lurking in some It is said that while in Hanu- corn.-r of L il i II ir Dayal's h'-ut. lulu Lala Har Daya, studied Carl Before Bhaiji reached San Fran- Marx thoroughly. Stiil he could sisco, II ir D.iyal had left America not take leave of the deep love for Hanululu. .in American colony he had for his country. Hhaiji and in the Pacific. Bhaiji wrote to him Lala Har Duil delivered several there. It was really grange that he lectures on the Hha^w.ul (iita in had asked Hhaiji to come to Sin the Theosophicil Hall at Berkley. Fransisco whereas he had himsrlf The socialists caught hold of Lala slipped aw.iy to Hanululu. At tin- liar Dayal and began to do pio- Lala Har Dayal came back. Now paqanda through him. Near Sin hoth of them stayed in California, Kransisco, there is another Uni- a i -'-[> irately for about year and a versity at 5l nford. H: i half. At times Lala Har Dayal managed to get Lala liar Dayal stayed with Bhaiji also. After con- lectureship in Sanskrit literature and sulting Sikhs, Hhaiji and Lala Har Hindu philosophy through the help 1 >ayal decided that some students of the President of the University. from tin- Punjab and the rest of He did this work for full one year. Hindusthan be rallrd tn America Then the President told Hhaiji that for studying various industries. he had received complaints from Tli -ir expenses, of course, were to be certain parents of the lady-stu- borne by the Indian Society in dents to the effect that the Hindu America. If the scheme worked \\ell, Professor liar Diyal, advised a lodging and boarding house for them not to go in for marriage. -uch students was to be set up. Professor Har DJV.I! wrote to the Accordingly three student*-, one of president that he was prepared \\hom u is ("lobind 1'eli. in Lai, were to leave the teaching work but he fdrtnally united. could not give up his ideas. Bhaiji advisrd him another thing; Bhai 1 '.n m ui ind \\.as if hr wanted to do propaganda in deiitly studying I'll 1 1 in. icy in tin- favour of socialism, he had better California I'lliverMt;. .it Belkley written a well-documented book ITNJAi: S EMINENT HINDI'S 65 on the subject. Inspite of this even literates (they used to dictate Lala Har Dayal decided to leave to their co-workers), still some of the University. their compositionstouched thestrings of the heart of the reader. Copies In 1911, a bomb was thrown of these were sent to various parts at the Viceroy in Delhi. This of Hindusthan and other centres led Lala Har Dayal to think- where Indians lived. The attitude that the political movement in of hatred on the part of the Ilindusthan was still alive. A Americans and the Canadians to- meeting was held at San Fransisco wards the Punjabi labour and the where Lala Har Dayal spoke Kamagata Maru episode helped thus Mir Sahib, take care of your to fan the enthusiasm for the turban. It's Delhi, and no mean Ghaddar movement among the city. Sikhs and other Indians. Now by a strange coincidence the Great When Lala Har Dayal left War broke out in Europe. Many Stanford some Punjabis suggested Sikhs put to auction their belong- him to hold a conference at St. ings and pledged their lives to the John. At the request of Lala spread of revolution in Hindusthan. Har Dayal Bhaiji also accompani- They decided to return to the ed him. Bhaiji expressed his old Motherland and try to hold back view that some students from Indian armies from going to the Ilindusthan be invited to study war-front. The Government knew various industries in America all these things through their spies while Lala Har Dayal remarked: with the result that as soon as "To further the cause of Chuddar their boats touched the shores of movement we have to run a news- this land practically all of them paper and a printing press; in that were arrested and put behind the we need funds." Pandit Kanshi bars Those who escaped did try Ram, a contractor of labour in a to stir up a revolution but they too, factory at St. John, and some were hand-cuffed. In 1915 began others were prepared to give away the Lahore Conspiracy Case. The good amount of money for putt- Government stated that Har Dayal ing into practice Bhaiji's scheme. and Bhai Parmanand knew a year He was requested to stay there before the war started that Germany but he had already booked his and England were going to war homeward passage and accordingly and for that both of them had con- he left America. He met Pandit spired. The British ambassador in Shyamji and Sardar Ajit Singh at America had reported that in the Geneva on his way back. St. John Conference it was decided that liar Daynl should lead the The Ghaddar Society was es- Ghaddar movement in America while tablished at San Fransisco with Bhai Parmanand was to play a Lala liar Dayal at its head. A similar pi rt in Hindusthan. Bhaiji printing press was set up and the on his return to Hindusthan set up "Ghadar" was published in several his pharmaceutical works in Lahore. languages. Some of the Punjabis About these the-then Lt. Governor who composed verses were not of the Punjab, Sir Michael VIM \T HINDUS M t he decided soon. A 'litical cr, remar He (Bhai p. also mil) says, he's manufactur- mission from Turkey reached h--'s Kabul. Several Indians --IH ing clru^s. God kno\\-, what afacturing." to Central Asia, Iran and japan. Some of them died on the way. In a Bhaiji having been arrested in August 1916, conspiracy u.is un- : Kabul. It is said that lore, Lala Har Dayal met a m the of this movement to similar fate in America. Hut L.il i object uas Har D.iyal v. -n released on unify Turks, Arab-, Af^.uis and the h.ul. He d.-i-ided to leave the tribal chiefs of the N'orth-\\'e-iern shores of America even if the Frontier of Hindusthan so that they security was forfeited. L ila Har Could invade Hindusthan. It was Dayal and s./me other Indians now thought that whereas certain fanatic reached Berlin where the Indian mullahs would lead the Frontier Revolutionaries' unmittee \vas tribe-, the Sikhs in Hindusthan constituted to do pr.'pt-inda in would join hands with them and favour of revolutions in Af^mistan thus they would be able to uj- British rule. A "silken letter" and Hindosthan with the help of the :n in money. Through these helped the British in finding out thi- revolutionaries arms were also to conspiracy. reach these countries. The person- nel of the Committee consisted of Me-sr>. II ir Dayal, Chakravarty, The < lerniaii money and the arms ., to reach Chattop idhy 1'illay and having failed H industrial!, was \\ith 1 ; irkatullah. ; Barkatullah \\ MS once the Kaiser enraged her of Hindusthani at T ky<>). the Indian Committee in Berlin The < 'oininitt'-e v. oiked Milder the when during the later part of the in in stalV. The Germ. HI oHicers ' . 1 y i! let the I'licers of the Indians themselves v/( nt the Foreign ( Mtice in Berlin >alous of each other. Lala Hir this. ||r- : iv. For spr < i with K i a M iliendr I'ratap, a landlord disgusted the rerm ms and t of work. Somehow ',: MI laban, llso re.n-hcd if-rmany their method ill liis to the neutral .itt'-r ha\-in^ |> iled inonc-y. he t^ot away country 1 Thn.UL'h Lai. i ll.r I >.r. ll .-Iforts Sweden where he wrote his small " Kaja M.ihendia I'iMtap met the b-.ok, Forty months in Germany." '' K.ii IT H :' !iim aloni^ with In it he criticised the aul I; irkatull ill to Ka'nil. Th- Kaja ways .if Germany and praisi-d the it tint h-- \\ i- the representa- spirit of democracy pre\.ilent in tive . .1" \n\vai Pash i. the Sultan of Britain. It is said that the India ': ; III: an Turkey and of the Klvdi I .'vpt ed th instrument of a _ it that the pi. ibl( n ami ttuii; translated PUNJAB'S EMINKNT IIINl'CS 67 in Hindi distributed it free of charge that she could work as his personal in the United Provinces. assistant. But later she was married to a barrister in Lahore. Lala Har Dayal was penniless when he reached Molnlycke, While in London Lala liar Dyal Sweden. He had the knack of began to prepare for the Docto- mastering languages. In two rate. He wrote a thesis which after months' time he began to deliver its acceptance by the University of lectures in the Swedish on History London was published as " " aiid Geography in some schools. In Bodhisattva by a London pub- general public he used to prepare lisher. While working for the Ph.D. written speeches. A month later degree Lala Har Dayal came in he began to answer the queries of close contact with Dr. the public at the end of his lectures Younghusband (who by the way in the Swedish itself. (Besides this never asked Lala Har Dayal about he could speak and write in French, his past life). In London Lala German, Turkish, Sanskrit, Persian Har Dayal studied Botany, Zoology, and Pali. In his later life he said Physics, Astronomy besides Painting he had only the Russian to learn). and Sculpture. In this connection he visited France many times. For In 19 ?6 Lala Lajpat Rai went sometime he was studying Art in to London. There he received a Greece also. In London he came message from Lala Har Dayal in touch with various philosophical which was taken to mean the latter's and religious societies at whose poverty. Lala Lajpat Rai requested requests he delivered lectures from the India Office to permit Lala Har time to time. Several Universities Uayal to come to England. At in countries like France and Lala Lajpat Rai's instance Har Denmark invited him to lectures. Dayal began to correspond with the As Lala Har Dayal lived a very India Office. After several appli- simple life he could somehow cations he was allowed in 1927 to manage to live on the money he got stay in England on the condition from the Universities and the that whenever he liked to go out he Societies. His Swedish friends also should apply to the Secretary of helped him by defraying his fees and State. Later on it became a getting him books, old and new. formality. His study in Edgware, a suburb of London, contained more than five The stay in London paved the thousand books. way for Lala Har Dayal's relatives to meet him. Lala Kishan Dayal In 1933, lihai Parmanand went had once gone to Sweden to meet to London to attend the Joint Parlia- him. Lala Har Dayal had received mentary Committee and the World some monetary help from Kishan Economic Conference. He stayed Dayal who supported Mrs. Har there for over a month during which Dayal. Lala Har Dayal's only period Lala Har Dayal met him daughter graduated from the Uni- practically every day. As a matter versity of Delhi. Once the father of fact they spent most of their time thought of getting her abroad so together. The present writer also 68 li.ul the gond foru. <.haring be wi-e fir y-'U to take it a!"iiL; \\illi ' Lala He I ival othi.-r belon^i: l n his letter ; my. shunned the of Indian dated Aui: 193G, he i-- . Company " i stuii m ii id p! ! about it If -.ant to with him, by r--p >rt- translate' my Ln^lish book (Hints on ; 1 to tl itei ted quartei . thi Self-Culture , in Hindi, be-m it. It not true. A^ai-:. will tab ! ti ne you think ners a-k 1 him cert 11:1 i this matter al- Will the liiout th-- Indian N itional pie of llindusthnn be benefitted ' r. it '. mdhiji's mo\ em by it or I wrote as an ! in 1 1 .'..ir. 1 book , tl to 1 ir ^ay Utopian and philosophical irk- been mum :il> >'.it I which high have pl< " I it \\ill very pi'^nantly- 1 >w canan- >re the readc-r. Whether tron-master who 1, id-d h- be of any use to our countrymen or hammers -ay anything about I not is for you to think." smith's tiny h immer ?" in His "Hints", however, i During his seven v r -tay the reader with his erudition and f <"h 1 \ i t . In his last 1 (from l )27 to 1933) hr not try readi ' tt keep hims'-lf upto 1 ite Twelve Gi Religions", he has I an. Indi in politics. In liritain's politic, Favoured lam mi In-pite of all he could not be much int this there was a burning desire in Naturally he spent his time in studs-. him to return to the Motlvrl.md. ' " T< i : of hi-; book, J lints on Sir Tej hahidur Sapru was vi -Culture," it would appe ir that much impre-s-d by him it a meeting i I .ala liar I nn-t L.I] 1 1 ir I) ival wa P"litan. in London. )..yal I'-.it h-- was not really so. In his Mr. ('. K. And.re\\s also (who was in the letter (in Hindi), dated August 10, once a lecturer St. Step!. to the writer was 1'otli these '., present (\\h<> College). gentlei " then in I'ari-), he \\ : I'm recommended him to the India rather late in finishing the pimphlet Office for his return. ' in ili. .ut I lindu Natioiiali-m). S Parmanand, too, while London, ;ds from Sweden had CO tried to do \\hite\-er he could ( .r n to London, and 1 had to go him. '.it with them. Ai.MJn, two or t:\re.- books, in the Library (I'.rilish on November 15, 193S. he to from : Museum) hid i^one out and 1 h;id to wrote me Philadelphiathus " : i il I over to wait for them. Kindly let me have I rom L' n. came in ihi id . I There were I. ire Iri'v shall ! eirl America September. o! 1 shall p imphl'-t there. I want to \\ i ite le.us war there. Now I h to 1 In lor a months. I few ive h- ! 1 ly thii hat tl.e fabe re I : >n of nat ioi: ilism be ri nu'ved deliver some lectures. received the from the -niiuL "I the Hindu N'otith. ollicial letter fiom the ( 'loveriiment 1 was not sine \Vhat tlu-y think to be i-.iiiiinimal- here in N(i\<-mber. it I to back . accordin". to th- princi- th would be allowed ._;o 1 : i ll'e I' ill ll: to 1 wonder how some of p ilit . p liat liivhisth.m. in I tin Lastly, I thought it ]>roj>er ih it it new [industhan L;,,I ' Att'-r a should . It in iy not news in September. few PUNJAB'S KM1NKNT IIINIH'S 69 months I shall manage to return." the following morning This news quite naturally gave a very rude I believed that his country-men shock to all his countrymen, owed him a duty and that they especially those who admired him should manage for his passage tu and hoped that on his return to Ilindusthan. For that 1 collected Hindusthan Lala Har Dayal would some money from a few friends and not only be of service to the Mother admirers of his and sent at Philadel- land but a source of inspiration to phia. In a letter to him I had asked millions. him about his future programme. To this he replied thus "A thought A very pertinent question is lurks in my mind that in Hindusthan asked about Lala Har Dayal how it would be difficult to manage for is it that he changed so often in my livelihood. Unemployment is life ? The answer is simple. A already rampant among the educa- change in vie^s is neither bad nor a ted there and I won't be able to find sign of weakness. In college one any work. But this concerns the holds views different from those one future. As yet the amnesty has not holds while at school. A married been granted to me. For the mem- person's views are not those he (or bership of the Federal Assembly she) cherished in unmarried state perhaps money will be required. when he (or she) is generally not ac- Hut these things can be decided later customed to kicks from the world. on. If there is any such zone from When he grows old his views under- where no other candidate stands go many more changes, While young, then yc u can put forth my name. a man has in him more of enthusiasm But not on the ticket of any parti- but when he advances in age there 1 cular party.' is more of wisdom on account of experience. After doin tianity). After this when i The seeming cha'^.-s m Lai i Germany and took his abode in liar Uiyal's life could be explained Sweden love of Hindutva was still in another manner a'so. Let us there as his articles (later compli- of . suppose that La! i II ir [)iy. was ed in the form a book "M a spirit. As \\ e hi\<- se; \ he Ideas") go to prove. When he could er^a^;- his min>l m many returned from thereto Em^i md h< things at one and the same time. cherished th- roiii.- Similarly his spirit appeared be' N'-pil. the one independent Hindu us m many forms (though perhaps Kingdom. In a private com at the same time). When s.uion in London, ! a student of the Government ed "The \ipal Governm -hould found a school. 1 College at Lahore, his spirit ap- public to train the pe ued in one torm and that was would like V p on the line- of of humanity. The leaders of the boys jx.- schools ol Harrow and Eton. In I'rihino Samaj \\anted him t I-- ' ( the : the \\ principal of their so this nay state would ': d."' He uvnt that like Lai i II ins K.ij he c< still further. told me if before the people an example He that the of India of sacrifice. After >^oin<_; to I.IIL: md Government would there was a change in his views but not allow him to pa-s through Hmdusthan and to N the spirit of sacrifice \\ is still there. UD would take to land-route. s>irit changed :ts for-n : it svas ol one Hindu nationalism. Lala H.ir lXiy.il p. --essed not - ! If u-fused pt the S one but three mdu idualities. The and the t\\r I Scholarships circumstances moved at one time and did r. >' ike t" touch the the one, at another time the ree of th- of Oxi'ord. -ecord and another time l.'mv.'rsi'.y ;. He f-vt-n du! n, the thud. Even \\hen h in I.nL'lish. !! b*-!i.-\cd that undergoing penance in a c i> . 1 1 industrial! the 1 f imltis Martinique his one desr t,, . 1 I lindu cult. ( .uld fulfil the mission of i. < ru!- ; it. >n his n-turn to MT\ ice th: if-sacritice. THE NEW YORK LIBRARY ASTOK. LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS - L I Lala Harkishan Lai B.A. (Cantab Harrister-at- Law (By Mr. K. L. Gauba, Barrister-at-Law, Lahore.) Was Lala Harkishen Lai the family, which had migrated half-a- greatest failure or the most suc- century earlier from Garhshankar in cessful man of his time? Per chance the Multan Division. he was both. Whether he was a success or a failure, it will not be dis- Lala Harkishen Lai's father was puted that he was one of the most a clerk in the office of the Deputy extraordinary men of his time. The Commissioner at Multan, but died best part of his life was spent in a when he was still in his twenties. small room, in a house as big as a He left two sons, Daulat Ram and palace, in an old paahmina choga, Harkishen Lai aged six and four surrounded by the portraits of the respectively. The mother of the most outstanding beggars of his age. two boys died, when the Lala was He lived frugally but entertained two. Thus at a very early age, lavishly; he astounded Viceroys Harkishen Lai became an orphan. with brilliance of his conversa- He was a bright lad and did well at tion and Vicerines with the brilliance his studies, winning scholarships, of his diamond buttons; he enter- which assisted him to continue his tained his friends on silverplates; education. he thought in terms of Manchester and Birmingham but worked in Lala Harkishen Lai continued terms of Swadeshi. to plod through difficulties and dis- appointments, mainly of a financial Leiah, the little town in West nature. His education was paid Punjab, in which Lala Harkishen for partly by his brother and Lai the best of his child- his Lala spent part partly" by uncle, Harjas hood lies midway between Dera Rai. Ghazi Khan, and within thirty miles of the frontiers of Baluchistan and The most momentous journey of the North Western Frontier Lalaji's life was made in 1882, when Province. Not far away, towards he decided to take the road to the west, flows the River Indus. On Lahore for the purpose of finding the east lies the Thai Desert. In admission into one of the Colleges. these rather incongruous surround- He travelled for several days, partly ings, where nature was still very on foot and partly by cart, the two much in the elements, in the early- hundred odd miles between Leiah sixties of the last century, (or to be and Lahore, tiavejling by day and exact 13th April, 1864) Lala sleeping the night on bridges and Harkishen Lai was born to a fairly culverts by the roadside When he important but not a very opulent arrived at Lahore, he found that the 'iXENT HIV I. as a .ey left ufticient to secure ilaji started pr.ictice Barrister him ad' into college. Many fir'-i at D. I. Khan and then are ambitious, but few hi Lahore, but he was not to be a will or thi- patience to per lawyer for lont;. He had already Apparently, Lai i llirkislvn Lai's -tarted on a road that eventually will and ambition were both it thi-; led to an entirely different world. !! Harkishen time sufficiently pronounced. The I^conomics that Lala had set out from home to n. - Lai had learnt from 1': h-- not to his 1; he did not return till hi.l Marshall were mind made yood. He stood second in the theories merely for the drawing be use- 1'rovince in the I '-.A. Examination room. Surely, they could and was awarded the State Scholar- fully applied to some of th>- ship for a thre. irse at problems that be>;et his country. How was India to secure her In later Lai in the sun? It was yet a ; Harkishen place accord- Lai ascribed .\ great deal of his quarter-of-a-century before, success to the influences that bore in" to Mahatma (iandhi, it could be upon his mind at Cambridge. Me won by spinning. The peopl* studied for the Mathematical India were in search of a formula Trip<>s but devoted a reat deal of at once rational, and practical, niorr- the of the his spare time to Economics. t<> in consonance with spirit be the which hi- had t.ik-n a profound times. Would India always liking. His mind was soon disturb- milch cow of t rommr:. n tin- question of tin- economic Lala Harki-h.n Lai felt : consequences of the British conn the circumstances, though adv. lion with India Paradoxical though :e not ine > it able and permanent. ( (l t'lmlv that sin it may seem, Oxford and Cambridge He behe\ form the fertile breeding 'j:ound i.f followed iniliatne and, perseverance. levoluti marie and ant i^'iusts of He believed that hard \\ork paid the British Empire. d divid--!v' There were the efore him. I. ila Ilarkishen Lai returned to India in the v. inter ol IS'JO in the So m 1806, with the assistance >f > the h >P'- finding m- mey t, p iy of a few friends, Bharat the debr- incinred 1:1 Lii-land. Must Insurance Company was floated. nf the^e d- -bt , were to book'-ellers, It was the first eft. : i to promote an wlv> had found in him an extrava- All-Indian Insurance Company in I 'or a time he India. ( )ne of the clauses in its con- I Profi -or of Mathe- stitution \\as that none of its shares matics in the ;it Coll could be he'd by non-Indians. T' ' p iit-tinr of r-rsi:m much heart-burning an 1 ' !) 'rienta! ('ulli-^e, F/il foreign companies then in the field. TO supplement his income ,is a The latter 1< ked upon insurance I': tuition . much of a 1 1< n- p privat preserve, : in M ithen, i( In was a direct challenge. It was, a short tin.' id i-o Heeled suffi- ' V ta^k to ell -ll ce "I ! go abroad n-Tiin. In 1 or policies 1'ati lotism alonr would PUNJAB S F.MINF.NT 73 not induce people to part with their in the top storey, which was a com- hard earned money. Rut Lala bined bedroom, dressing-room and Harkishen Lai devoted considerable semi-office. For the decoration of time himself to field and office work this room he commissioned an artist and eventually succeeded in placing to travel through Punjab and paint the Company on an effective basis. all the most interesting beggars he could find. Nearly a hundred types A year earlier than the Bharat \vere painted, and amidst these, ho Insurance Company, had emerged lived and did the best part of his the Punjab National Bank. The work. Asked to explain what all first Board of Directors of the Bank- this meant, he would say that there included Sardar Dyal Singh were two reasons for this : First by, Majithia as Chairman and Lala every man, shorn of his trappings, is Harkishen Lai as Honorary no better than a beggar, secondly, he Secretary. personally started life in compara- tive poverty, and by having these All these institutions, the first portraits around him, he would efforts of Lala Harkishen Lai to never forget from where he began. industrialize and commercialize the Very few persons, who begged at his 1'unjab, are still functioning and door were ever turned away. have grown to immense proportions. After forty years and more it is These who. in the year 1943, difficult to recall the early vicissi- live in Lahore or in many other tudes, the splendid efforts, the towns oi the Punjab and turn on a confidence and the perseverance of switch for light, or a regulator for a L.ila Harkishen Lai and his friends, fan or a refrigerator, or run a who by dint of sheer courage and .-mall industry with electric power, .idventure made these institutions little remember the romance behind possible and laid the beginnings of the amenities they now enjoy. It a great commercial and industrial was no easy matter to introduce awakening in the Land of the Five electricity into the homes and the business of the It . people. was left to the Wizard of Punjab Finance Among the several companies to solve this problem, after many promoted and organised during the others had turned it down. period 1901 to 1906 were the Punjab Cotton Press Company Limited, It is almost impossible to achieve The Peoples Bank of India, Ltd., success and public approbation with- The Amritsar Bank Limited, The out arousing animosity, jealousy and Cawnpore Flour Mills Limited, The opposition. Lala Harkishen Lai's Flour Century Mills Limited and career had now, for the time being, various Soap Factories, Brick-Kilns, reached its meridian. His rapid Saw Mills, Ice Factories and rise to fame, influence and fortune Laundries. was nc-t welcome in all quarters. It was noted that he rede with the Although Lala Harkishen Lai Lieutenant-Governor on the same built a palace, he preferred himself elephant to open the Exhibition, he to live simply in a very small room drove about in a vehicle, called a 5 BMINI -1 I1IM>1 - "motor-cai", for a long time the re-ults were a I r- -IT- Conclusion. one >f only two of their kind in Throughout, Lala Harkishen L. spver.il rivals us>d wore an air of I Lahore , while, indill'erence. Ie t-ilh'-i bicscles, tongas or phaton-. caused no end of annoyance to the .1 a it b\ L.iluii h ul als ph ton, hut w is prcsidin" judges .ipp<-ain._; in diaun by t"iir h rsps. instead | two; court in a nii;ht-suit and slippers, he sometimes used ;\ camel carriage, and snoring during the jiroceedin^s. \\hich rese'iib ed the one used by His astrologer had told him that r th<- Lieutenant-Governor to attend the trial concluded befon i >T)wyer's the races. In some quarters, thero- time was u[> as Lieutenant-( iovernor . 11 \\.is considered lime to bring he and his friends would be handed. Lal.i Harkishen Lai's import tnc< otherwise he would ^n ol! In down to mundane level. either eventuality, Lala Ilarkishen Lai considered that the be.st \\ay to In 1013, there were signs thit pas-, his time, was to sleep 1 1 is tri' I-.iLi Harkishen Lai w.i- .11 troubled however, looked uj>on the astrologi- water-.. A party had sprung into cal torecasts as .1 sound indiciti..ii being, determined to bring about thi; that they should ti^ht lor time. The downfall of Indian banks generally, effort was not in vain. None of the and particularly the Peoples' Bank accused went to the gallows, and and one or two other important three Martial Law prisoners lived banks. In the Punjab, a newspaper, to be Minister- of the Punjab entitled the Arya Patrika appeared < ION eminent. to have been promoted with the set purpose of creating a panic among Lala Ilarkishen Lai di.i not the clientele of the banks in \\hich serve even the reduced sentence oi Lala Harkishen Lai was interested. two years. The new constitution The Arya Patrika was run by a was passed by Parliament towards ( ( vT"Up of prominent members of the the end of 1 '1 ). Thereupon, Mr. Hindu community. It is unneces- Montagu, who was most anxious sary to mention names, as some of that his scheme should be launched them are living and others had, in amidst the most favourable senti- l.iif-r years, realised the folly of ments, proclaimed an amnesty. their elVorts and co-operated with Among them, who had the benefit Lala Harkishen Lai in his la'.-r of the King's proclamation, were Lala Harkishen Lai and his com- panions. They were released, just In April I'M',' in connection with as the Congress gathered in the Martial La -A disturbances in the . \mritsar. Ilerr they received a Punjab, Lala Harkishen Lai was at welcome that teu before them have lust aiP-Med. then deported had or fe\\ after them will ever e\ i ntua'ily placed upon his trial be' receive. i special tribunal on \ai:ous rha: r * . i le, > h mcluihii" ',( aispn acv ami The memo! of 191 were lie- IliSt tllf Kl!'". when linli i leirnl. \\ith am i/ement 'tie moi Mm;;, that Lala I laiKi^hen The trial wa- The Lai had been appointed a Mini PUNJAB'S P.M1NENT HINDI'S in the Punjab, For two years and When the new Peoples Bank a half Lala Harkishen Lai remained was promoted, Lala Harkishen Lai a Minister- Then he returned to commanded a. unique position in the the field of business. Indian financial and industrinl world. Bombay and Calcutta had In 1925, before a large and dis- possibly larger syndicates than his tinguished gathering, His late and, individually, richer men. From Highness the Maharaja of Patiala, the point of view of personal wealth, declared open the new Peoples I Sank even in Punjab, there were at least of Northern India, Limited. This half-a-dozen men richer than Lala ceremony was performed not in the Harki.-hen Lai. But from the point time-worn fashion of opening a of view of patronage, diversity of silver lock with a silver key. His interest, command of capital and Highness, rather unconventionally personal influence over men, there went to the counter and made the were very fe\v people in the country first entries in the Bank's ledgers. who could command the position that Lala Harkishen Lai held at The beginning augured well. this time. He controlled not only Few institutions started with the an important bank, but in addition flourish and confidence that the new a very important insurance company Bink possessed Before the issue (which, from the point of view of of the prospectus, a capital of over annual business and premium in- rupees 16 lakhs had been subscribed. come, was among the first three in Within two days of the publication India), six or seven Hour mills, con- of the prospectus, applications had situting the biggest combination of amounted to 18 lakhs and on the mills east of the Suez Canal, sugar day of opening, the whole issue of 25 factories and electric supply com- lakhs had been subscribed. In deposits panies rapidly making immense too, the public showed equal profits), timber, agencies in fire and measure of confidence in Lala life assurance, coal, machinery and Harkishen Lai and those responsible stores. He was Chairman of more for the venture. The rush to make companies than possibly any other deposits was so great on the opening man in India. His income was day, that the arrangements made immense, and he controlled resour- to receive them proved totally in- ces that possibly equalled the com- adequate. bined resources of half of all the States in Northern India. His mills The success of the new Bank gave employment to thousands of was not merely a triumph, more or labourers and others, including high- less personal, of Lala Harkishen ly paid Furopean managers, and Lai it the mood of the well over a ; represented Indian staff drawing times. India had inarched many thousand rupees per mensum each. leagues ahead of the time when His business was sought by exporters Lala Harkishen Lai first promoted and manufacturers of several coun- the Punjab National Bank and tries in Europe, and his views on dared to start a Swadeshi Insurance matters of industrial and commercial Company. A goodly distance had importance exercised a profound been covered in 30 years. influence on the people and persons INF.NT HIM>r>. ict uith. Several money in much the same way as he 'vincial ( io\ '-rnments had advanced it. ;ht his advice in the promotion of mdu ti .:.! economic schemes. I'.y August 1931 clouds were i >n : t!>- bo ml- ( hit com- gathering fa-t. The general eci p inies he h id person-, v.ho were mic depression had reached a pro- his . ; :i.ii or either ^[. p,-i-, admirers found depth. Nobody could actually dearly -n to In 1 :-r- foresee how much further the decline : lr : 'ininent in public illy would f^o. Government was bon of but other provinces per cent, the \ ., t ,, ,,f i(1 -v/ll. II ; onal called ^dt-eil^ed had depreciate,! ';s-m that only cam- to be by 50 per cent. Hanks were haul le.ih-t -d by . ic in con- hit, nut merely by the heavy fall m tact uith him. !! ! very (Government 1'aper, but also by an get his way. II '.'.a- an outllow of deixj-its. If persons could autocrat, if ever then me. 1 1 i;et 7 per cent, on J months' tna-un r . _di and ruthless in handling cri- bills, oliviuusly they would nut U- - ticism and opposition. This quality keen on renewing i for Ion 'ei le him many enemies, bat it also periods at 6 per cent. This -itu i- :>led him to hold authority over tion severely all' ctnl not mei - meji, institution- and 'iis. Peoples I'l.u.k but otii-i 1. inks v. for other would of which came huh any ; p-n'oiisly near tlie in been an liity. He ci] believed smc< rely in tin- infallibility f ) uf his k men and Kcono- In 19^4, Mr I uglas Voun took i ! otlicc niK had the extraordinary as fium S : -t 11 cap : Li '. ran^e- Shadi Lai. The advent of Su i to I nieiu ; this him destroy >ou^las marked the end of L.da r < vie-\ in opp isite point without IJarkishen 1 .al'.s caieer. Tin- cully and to make any person, chapters of Lalaji's liu- \\er-- maiK<-d both look 1>\ i. \\hodisavrefil with hiiii, convict us for Contempt of Court, and feel ruliculoiis. T -dity Insolvency an ! l\Vi:ei\ er-lr.ps. All the- n\ !: lent was for many yr.i: se misfortunes f .und Lalaji svitli th- >n > t.ik'-n : '"d, ami, in m L8C same determination and fortitude. th.m not, ' rue v.nd c i!ed him. At no moment ot tin- lom: and painful battle did he bend to a com- 1^ \\ ith ! . The command ovei mces promise i, enemies and I. ill ll.nkishen Lai immense prosecutors. In the midst of tin--- l>uwer and inilueme. Many came tnilsonthe 13th February, 1937, to him fr money, from princes Lalaji p as dramatical of the he had held the downw ird. lew rulers st:;^;.- for iorty yeai . .,! the iv.ii'.ib States approached Sir Douglas Vi un^ took from Lala him personally . ,r through tlieir Ihtrkishen Lai everything except his < a a - ( hief M n,:- .ener.llly .tation. d luntlei and vali- ' ' , ' | ant >\ it was u pracl personally lighter. rni:;ht the yreate-t to li md the M: :: . to the failure became th- man so r-.-iiise of his time. priric-, that he OOuld the THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY A8TOR. LENOX AND TttJDEN FOUNDATIONS B L : M HINi i I I ^ir Jai I...!. Kt R H HA. LL.B Retired Judge. Lahore High C^ourt. (By I ala Ganpat Kai Marwaha, B.A., Managing Dirt-dor, The First National Bank, Ltd., Lahore.) Rai Bahadur Sir Jai La], Kt., established his scholarship by stand- Retired Judge of the Lahore High ing first in Philosophy in the B. A. Court is one of the most distinguish- examination in 1899. ed personalities of our province. In all the stages of his life and in all After graduation, Jai Lai became the spheres of his activity, he has anxious to have some good career. enjoyed the respect, admiration and The choice was not very difficult. In goodwill of his fellow-men. Mis those days, there were many open- -incerity, hospitality and generosity ings for brilliant graduates. But have earned him many a friend, the profession of Law then was whereas his legal attainments both claiming the cream of the student as a lawyer and as a i'udi;e have community. It provided vast scope brought him cjreat prestige and for progress in life. Jai Lai joined popularity. But it was as a judge the Law College and in 1900 passed that he shone with great lustre. For the final examination in Law secur- thirteen years he adorned the bench ing a high place in order of merit. of the Lahore High Court and After this he went back to Simla retired with the reputation of nn and started his practice at the bar "equity judge". as a Mukhlar. He soon made his mark and the diligence with which He was born in the village of he handled the intricate cases made Pragpur, in Kangra District, on the a deep impression on the judiciary. 17th of August, 1878. In those The Divisional Judge recommended days, the district of Kangra was him, as a special case, to be admitted very much backward in matters of as a First Grade Pleader much education. But fortunately for earlier than the usual period. The Jai Lai, the family shifted to Simla encouragement had its effect. He and settled there permanently when began to command a very lucrative he was still a boy. He was sent practice. His behaviour with his to the local Municipal Board clients was so fine that the satisfied School from where he later on clients brought him more business migrated to the D.A.V. High School, and at a certain stage it became Lahore and passed the Matriculat- difficult for him to handle the rush ion Examination with distinction in of business. Money making was not 1895. He then joined the Govern- his only aim in life. He justified the ment College, Lahore, where he confidence of his clients by doing his PfNJAIi'S F.MINKNT HIS. b-- : : them. 'I -, in was recognised by the th" pr . ly imp: ' ament, \\hen in 1U15, the title e 1 by his in In -try, efficiency and of K n I'.ahadur was conferred upon i . and h.- , i him as marl. I rsonal distinc- \ 1 ) id'-r of the tion. During the last great \\ ir he : \\ith i reputation \\lii h fe\\- served on \-arious commit: mui'fass:! '. re have I '.uck connected with war effort and his t itl in. ServJCi really appreciated by the Government on account of the ' ' ' and ! devotion V P I- with which he dis- gements did not pit-vent !:im from charged hi- duties. It is a strange coincidence public that he acquind in litV ..-ity. At tin.' \ .nig bungalou- Simla with historic age with hard! or fame behind them. ''K'ock House." a so ot professional can-. : to tiis p llatial ;>unvalow n.-.ir l-ioilu-anj, credit, h.- b:c HIT- a M if the which was- Ins ic-sidence for a num- ber of loc vl Municipal (."ommiitee. His years and which still belongs to be i !_ 1 fr->-u him, was the \\here Sir p ip.f inty can j the place fact that he retained his - at in the nd Macligan, a Governor of Municipality a continuous the Punjab, was born and brought : t JO and i P- "1'ilkusha," was the I years tired place uheie I. ..id only wlu-n he bade fan-well t. Chelmsford, once and shifti.-d to Lahore on his Viceroy and Governor-Genera] of India uas appointment as Assist int !. bi ought up. K- -iiembr.incer to the 1'unjab ', ament. The large number of On the first of January, 1920, < Rai r.ahadur Lai par' n in his honour in which Jai was appointed ' Assistant his > ible service, to the city were Legal Kvmenibi. nicer to enumerated and the touching refe- the Punjab ( io\ ei nmeiit, Adminis- renci-, m ide by some of th>- li-ading trator General and Official Trustee. citi/ the place at the timt : So he shifted to Lahore. Within a his d-j'iiture shoui-d thit Simla very short time he became popular :y to lose this threat ^entli-- on account of his unassuming maii. Throughout his IOIIL; htay of manners, gentle habits and obliging h.- nature and it \\ as felt that 1 about 20 yi -ars in Simla, was re- the of i i Simla ^ifi' 1 i notable figure and ok was the distinct gain of great int'-p^t in all acti\ities Lahore. In March. 1923, K u social, cduc itional and civic. On<- of l-ahadur Jai Lai was .ippointid th-- speakers bid !iii^ liim farewell eminent Advocate and only 18 m. at a public fun clared him to nths later he was elevated to the i King of Siiala". bench of tl,,. High Court, L.dioie, ' n< >t to be as an Additional And the i-pr. V did si-em Judge. The event un-d- :.'!. Th' n- w is haidly any was applauded by the public and it institution of public utility with was considered the recognition of a ' v. i (!' whifli If i n 01 iaied cons- erving merit. His appointment continued in picuously in one form or tin- other. 1930, which and non-oJIici ib v-d was again an occasion tor general him alike and t!. "I his felicitations that were offered to him PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 79 from all sides by his friends and in their distress, but is every-ready admirers.. to do something tangible for them. When the historic earthquake of For thirteen years the Hon'ble 1905 shook Kangra into ruins, it was Mr. Justice Jai Lai sat on the Bench, Jai Lai who rendered them valuable administering justice to all. To the help which they will always remem- lawyers he was all-patience and ber with gratitude. It is said that courtesy. He gave them full oppor- during his professional career, when- tunity to explain to him the intri- ever he was convinced that a client cacy of their cases and unmindful was incapable of paying his fees, he of the hair-splitting technicalities of would offer to help him without any Law, which generally hamper the remuneration. In these benevolent progress of Justice, he tried to go activities he was generally inspired to the root of the matter to find out by his wife who played a great the truth. It is said that in certain part in moulding the character of cases, in order to do real justice he Sir Jai Lai. She was a lady with would not hesitate to interrogate the religious inclinations. The writer parties present before him and did had occasion to study both of not mind taking down long and them from close quarters for a tiring statements to meet the ends long time, as tutor to their sons, and of justice. He would discuss the was convinced that it was a pair of case with the counsels and analyse two saintly souls joined together on all facts in such a way that ultimate- this earthly abode. Her death in ly he would succeed in finding the 1930 gave Sir Jai Lai a great shock real truth. This won for him the because her presence was a source title of an "equity judge". of comfort and inspiration to him. Since then the Rai Bahadur has In appreciation of the most valu- been feeling lonely at home and has able work that he did as a Judge of taken to gardening as a hobby. He the Lahore High Court and the visited England in the summer of great esteem which he had won 1931 : again he went in 1934 and in that capacity, the Government 1936, and since then he has been conferred on him Knighthood, which leading a retired life. has fallen to the lot of very few Hindus in the Punjab. The grand Recently his services have been garden party that was held to con- requisitioned by the Patiala State gratulate him on this happy occasion and he is at present President of bespoke of the great popularity of the Board of Judicial Advisers to the Rai Bahadur with the people His Highness. The State of Patiala from all walks of life. is well-known for recognising merit and having officers of intrinsic worth - His high social connections have to run the administration of the not stood in his way of serving the State in an efficient manner. In Sir poor. All his life he has been a Jai Lai, His Highness the Maharaja true friend of the poor and needy of Patiala recognised a man of great persons. Being endowed with a abilities, judicial acumen and with a very sympathetic heart he does not brilliant record as a High Court offer mere lip-sympathy to the poor Judge. 80 Sit J.n L.il has also Ljot an Sugar Works. As the Kai I'.ahaduJ industrial bent of mind. While much time for it, the at Simla, with the co-oprrati.i of .ipany \>.as i,it< i on transformed Kaja Sir Harn.im Singh >f Kapur- into i limiti- ^ .5 .. NKW YOltK f I BI.IC LIBRARY ASTtW, LKMJX AMI lll)NS - I MIN[-\ ! HINDUS rparoos. i i 1 Dewan Bahadur Dewao Krishna Kishore 3$. JfoiaAna (By Prof. R. M. Dogra, M. A.) Diwan Bahadur Diwan Krishna His eldest son, Diwan Tarn Kishore belongs to one of the Chanel, joined Government service at a most distinguished families of the very young age. First of all. he Punjab. His ancestors came from worked under Diwan Kirpa Ram of Peshawar. In I'yal, a village in the vicinity of 1823, he was sent to with Ludhiana, and they held various Kangra, Civil and Military revenue appointments under the authority to collect the revenue. In 18.!> he was Mohamedan Emperors. During ,2, posted at Ferozepore. The inhabitants of the Sikh rule, Diwan Jwala Xath this area were entered the service of Sardar rather turbulent and dacoities were but Charat Singh. Later on, he was a very common, he succeeded in trusted i mployee of Sardar Mohan restoring peace and order there. Later Singh. Diwan Karam ("hand was on, he was put incharge of first employed by Sardar Bishan Bannu, Tonk and Dcra Ismail Khan. Here his Sin^h Kalal, the confidential agent administration was of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He was, hampered by Dil.isa Khan of who \\as in due course of time, promoted Bannu, a bitter enemy of to offices of trust under the Maha- the Sikh ruler. Once he launched an attack on the raja. When the Maharaja went enemy with th. on a secret visit to Hardwar, he help of the Sikh cavalry, the Chiefs of took Diwan Karam Chand along Atari, Majitha, Nakka and Butala. A witli him. Next year, he was em- force of eight thousand men and twelve ployed as an agent in the arrange- guns could not, ments concluded between the however, overcome the fierce re- sistance of the Lahore State' and the Sikh Chiefs, Muslim Chief. The Diwan was a South of the Sutluj. He also man of indepen- dent and .thus rendered considerable h.elp in draw- spirit, he came in clash with ing up the Treaty of the 25th April, Raja Suchet Singh in ; 18CP, with the British Government. the Derajat. On discovering : his A little before .this, he was the independent spirit was not liked his iiead of the Lahore office. 1 ih< .\\ani by masters, he retired to Dass first introduced a system of I'ena-res, and spent the rest of hi- in Accounts in 1809, and Diwan Karam days religious meditation till Chand worked under him and re- d ath in 1858. mained in the office to up 1836, Manual Sain, the second son of he when died. Diwan Karam Chand was WISEST f a c.ivilry regiment Gate was released to his male h Durbar. He died in in perpetuity. In 18C2, he was ap- pointed an Honorary Ma^K the city of Lahore and a i: Chand, tlte third son of of the Municipal Committee. On in Kirim Chand, was a great account of his energy and abi. .e of Maha: . it S ?h. he made a rra:k as an H d, he used to ue. The City of Lahore ;id the C'>urt regularly. Maha- owes a number of amenities to his raii R.ir.jit Singh gave him the liberal generosity. He built a fine nickname of "I 1 or the strut and a tank for public use, ded when the fir?,! down began side Shahalmi < it- L -.1.' re. Heuas : the : his lip and chin. This largely responsible for making - to distinguish him from Ratt in public gardens round the L Chand Duggal who wi> four years Whenever money was n ' younger and thus had no heard at a public cause 1" -re- all. In 1S29, he was fixed up in front of donors. He \\as created n the postal department, with certain Diuan by the Supreme (i. v.-rnmi-nt assignments from the revenues of in January, !C5. He died in !- Peshawar and Hazara. He con- tinued to be in this department His eldest son. ! in .". Bhagwan during the reign of Ranjit Singh Das?, received a Jagir grant, ui and his successors. Besides a cash a Sanad, dated 7th January, 1874. .vance of Rs. 2,610, he was He was an Honorary Ma. av. irded Jagirs in Dina Nagar, at Lahore, a member <. f : rict i. '. Tiua 1 ard and Committee Vuhianagar, , Municipal . Bhu 'in, Hazara and '. ir. He and a Provincial Durban. The by chance in Lahore fort, Government conferred on him wh^n it was captured by Sundhan- hereditary title of Diwaninl: . walia Chiefs. Raja Hira Singh in recognition of his public se-rv. mistook him for their accomplice He was a keen public man, with an and fined him R=. 30,000. This enlightened spirit. He erected money was, however, refunded to several buildings includr a him S rdar Jawahar Sinh, after 'Thakuniuara' on the h's death. At the con- tank made by his father. He clusion of the Sutluj campaign, in 1906, and his son Diwan Rattan Chand was appointed Post- Kumar succeeded to the family Ma neral in the Punjab, and Jagir and property, and his father's he rendered meritorious services dnr- title and Seat in Durbar. Ut->ides His the head of the [8-49. being family, :t and ability enabled also an Honorary Magistrati-. inn -nt great died in 1909. ch it had to face dur- riod. (In the annexation 1 >-.\van Bahadur Diwan Krishna :he 1'unjrT his Jagirs, Kishore Darheewala, the prt- f .h K's. 6,800 : on head of this distinguished family K him for life, f r< < <>f all service, the eldest son of Diwan Raj Kumar. and a garden outside t:.-- Shahalmi Having passed his Matriculation PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINUDS 83 Examination from the Central to the present generation. In the Model School, he joined the Gov- present age, when most of the ernment College, Lahore, where he Indians have forgotten their ancient studied up to the B.A. standard. culture and dress, his family is He was appointed an Honorary steeped in the old Hindu spirit, Magistrate in the city of Lahore in and they have firmly resisted the 1908, and he held this office right up temptation of yielding to the to 1936. His is, probably, the Western modes of living. He is one longest tenure in this capacity, and of the most prominent Sanatanists the fairness and ability with which in the Province, and the Sanatan he discharged his duties were ad- Dharma College owes him many mirable. He succeeded to the princely donations. He has been a. family property, the Jagir, the here- member of the Sanatan Dharma ditary title and the Provincial Seat College Managing Committee since in the Durbar. On the Coronation its very inception, and for the last of His Late Majesty King George three years, he is its President. V in 1911, he was presented a The institution is flourishing very certificate. In 1919, he received an- much as a result of the keen in- other certificate in recognition of terest, which he takes in its affairs. his efforts in connection with the Some years back, he gave a magni- Indian War Loan. Daring the ficent donation of one lac of rupees Punjab disturbances of 1919, he to the Sanatan Dharma Sanskrit rendered very useful services in re- College, and it is named after him. order as a storing peace and ; and This was a practical proof of his result of this, the Government love for the Sanskrit language. awarded him a Sanad and a 'Khilat'. Besides this, he has been promi- The title of Diwan Bahadur was nently connected with the Council conferred on him in 1922. Thus, and the Managing Committees of the Diwan Bahadur belongs to a the Aitchison Chief's College and distinguished Hindu family, which Queen Mary's College, Lahore. He has a loyal record of service to the was a member of the Punjab Board Mohamedan, Sikh and British Gov- of Film Censors. He has been the ernments. All his ancestors were President of the Gaushala Sabha gentlemen of keen public spirit and since 1912. The famous temple whenever a suitable cause demand- of Kangra which was destroyed by ed their charity, they helped it the earthquake of 1905, was rebuilt very liberally. He has very nobly under his able management. He upheld these splendid family tradi- is the General Secretary of the Re- tions. His career embraces mani- construction and administration fold public activities, and he has Committees of this temple, which made his mark in the business world collected a subscription of two lacs also. Like most of the men born and a half rupees for this purpose. with a silver opoon in their mouth, he is not content with a life of The Diwan Bahadur also takes mere luxury and comfort. He is great interest in the business life of an orthodox gentleman of very pious our Province. He has made huge habits. His keen love of religion investments in the shares of many can well be a source of inspiration concerns and is a Director of the 84 VS'JAH'< F.MIS'ES'T HP I li- <-\>':- I )i\\.ni I , Ki-h--: Dae studn-d upt" the 1 !'. \. Si !. Ill- 'II. 1. The Laho:' ll 'trie Sup ' I i I '... I 1 M\\an l\' iny Ltd.. M.A., LL. and an 1 I iei-tnc in the 1 lii third 1 >i-.- I Supply Punjali. son, Ltd., Si. ilk. .t. 1 lin C'li.ir in D i B.A., LL 1 ' working in .1 Si I" . trie S'.ip- Mill. I lis fdiirtl: .n III: ir. . Ltd., P Jan D . ha^ studied Aer( n.m- t H .ll iMlL'infi'! 111'J I! 11(1. 4. The Farrukhabad Electric F.irrukhabad. ' Ltd., The- 1 >iv,.ui 1 ii:adur i- a : -/:uli- 5. The San and "iiod-natu; Ltd., L.i'i tremt-ly simple babits. !! \\illln- : int ul" - rt-'iiein!)! Mil i Hanking \- In- ' loyalty i tin- > iverni md an I ,td., L ih .1 unhouiv : il and chanty tor number of institutions, lli 'iiental Bank .f ( public i-hariniiiL; \>'i "iiility \vill lind an ! ,td.. 1 . .ibidiiv.' in th>- nicni' >ry ot all | i n<> c . his tri<-nds ain admil m- The I - !SC Chemical \Y iiut fail to 1- d b\- In- Ltd Lahi ire. courage and conviction in sticking . '). "f Indi i Industrie-, to ill.- i dd arthodox modes Ltd.. Lalv and belief in a world uhen-n of the people ha\e become the vic- I tin- \\~estcni out-look. ! is .it pr.-eiii President tims of the i.f tin- Sip. it. in Dh.inn.i College t is a rare blend iety and is tin- the Chairman HI ch Moolchand Kharaitiram Trust of aristocratic qua'.. Mibim-d : '-- . is i Yishv i aranand V with philanthropic leanings. He 1 ..ihun-. I ! is one of the feu i ich chiefs, who i, very ' .1 realisation of tin- membei 'hi- 1 )istrict \\'ar possess keen - lonated lar^.- .Is of tile poor. 1 Ie dors c\ amounts i'ur w.u pui p.^rs, and lias tiling in his pouei to relies e tin- ted ' If 1< ' e who des( r\ e lu-lp. _.'!>, their iences. This .old purpose on 1 1'L NJAI:'^ EMINENT HIM' "=0 Lala Lajpat Rai. f il aCa JlaL By Prof. D C Sharma, M.A.. Lahore.) achievements. We do not have in Lain Lajp-it Rai's life story reads India even a writer of sketches like like an epic. Yet it is a pity no Mr. A. G. Gardiner who can deli- writer has done justice to it so far. Some facile writers wrote short neate the essential man in a few Rai could have biographies of this great leader when pages. Lajpat been a fit he was alive, but none of those subject for all these different stories is complete. Nor are many types of biographers, but the fates have not been kind to him. of them available today, for they satisfied only the short-lived curio- Yet there is no to sity of readers. At one time need despair. The best of Rai Dinbnndhu C. F. Andrews thought biographer Lajpat will be Rai himself for all of writing a biography of Lajpat Rai, Lajpat time to come. one is but his project never materialised. Any who inter- ested in him will have to The Servants of People Society, go through his innumerable works in which Lajpat Rai founded, under- order to have a of the took to give an authentic biography complete picture man. But I wonder if of their beloved chief, but before many have that amount of it could go to press the writer was patience and imagination. arrested under the Defence of India Still it will be worth our while to Act. \Ye have, therefore, to wait go through his fragmentary auto- shall for some time before it will be in biography. We also do well to read those in which our hands. So Lajpat Rai's com- books he the of his plete st-ry of life is not yet an gave story deportation, accomplished fact. his impressie n of Japan and the account of his visit to America. One should also read his books on All this is But it very strange. Education, Politics and Histi ry, his should be remembered that such biographies of sc.me of the heroes has been the fate of many great of India and the world, and his Indians. Alas in this country there innumerable articles. All these are very few Boswells and there are reveal the man with all his enthusi- still fewer A Boswell Morleys. can asmsand limitations, for everything his present hero as he lived from that he wrote was vibrant with his to and can day vivify his per- personality. In this respect he is with the sonality help of 'revealing like Gandhiji. Both of them have anecdotes. A Morley can write an what has been ?o aptly described extensive and detailed biography the didactic impulse, the desire to which is at once cool and fervid. It communicate their impressions, their can give a of the picture man but views and their experiences. This more it can clearly sum up his urge has a two-fold purpose on 86 ITNJAb's TMINRNT HINI't'S. the one it means self- is hand, no wonder that Lajp.it Rai once .in.! en the other hand "All that I expres~ion said, am I owe to my it :> .1 de-:re to influence other lather and mother." people. It looks at all one this critically, one finds a rich for In spite of the fact that the heritage K'ai. The heroic of ntial in.it) can lie seen in his Lajpat uay life or the military attitude < f the writings, it is not possible to ignore soul, as Hmerson puts it, came to him the external facts of his life, for from the soil where he was born. they relate both to his heredity His interest in the reform of Hindu- and environment, and these, as we ism and his enthusiasm for united know, shajx; mainly the trend of Indian nationhood 's life. came to him from his father. In addition to these he from him that Lajp.it K'ai was born in 1865 in got burning desire for which was Jagraon in the district of Ludhiana self-expression such a we in his hands. a district which is known mainly mighty ipon All his for constructiveness the home of militant Sikhs. genius and the basic spiritual of his Li ]p.it Kii came, however, of an quality nature were the which he irwil family, which though not gifts inherited from his mother. It is blessed plentifully with the goods true, his did not him "I this world was rich in self esteem parents give much in the \\av of worldly po and ind'-p--r,dence of spirit. His sions, but he ;'ot I mm them father, L. K'adha Kishen, was a surely much ot intellectual. teacher of Crdu in a (iovernment by way emotional and spiritual endowment. -dto ,], but it seems this service hid not shackled his spirit. On the one Lajpat K'ai went to school as bind, h-- admired Swami Dayanand other children. It is, however, sad Saraswati to the point of adoration, to relate that no school-fellow or and on the other he h id no end of it icher of his has given us any ird f,.r Sir Syed Ahmed. If interesting reminiscences of his Swami I) i. inand Saraswati em- school days. But a few things are bodied in Ins person the renascent clear. He was a pn mising student Hinduism, Sir Syed represented and won a scholarship. lie was irmed Nam and united nation- also a student on whom this so- hood. Kor a long time Sir Syed called education did not have a exemplified all that was the best in deadening ell'ect. In his school days lidi.ui but when he a assii n for readm", nationalism, he acquired \ 1 broke :i\\.iy from the Indian writing and speAiiu , which stood National Con^n-ss his admirer him in good stead throughout his i ivi-d .1 rude shock and expressed life. Hut he was not merely a .. ;:-' of disallusionment in an bookish lad. He felt interested in arti I.- which was published in the life around him. Then he came to I . .' . 't Rai'i Lahore and the (iovernment i mother was I joined i. in- ' We must remember that his Anglo-Vedic College, Lahore. For student days at Lahore were the several years to come the energies blossoming time of his genius. of the A'rya Samajists went into I Youth is a remarkable period in building up of this institution. It one's life. It is the time when one became the fccus of Lajpat Rai's makes friends and imbibes enthu- constructive endeavours also, and siasms, and all these determine a he did his mighty best to make a man's future. Lajpat Rai was it an instrument of national educa- lucky in both because the times tion. were so propitious. He came to make friends with Mahatma Hans Lajpat Rai set up his practice Raj and Pt. Guru Datt. and all these at Hissar, and made for himself a three played a vital part not only in name as a lawyer. There, too, he each other's life but also in the life found two kindred souls L. Chura of the province. At the same time Mani and Pt. Lakhpat Rai. .. the Punjab was in those days of them worked hard to further the electrified by the gospel that the mission of the Arya Samaj and to Arya Sa-r.aj preached. To ardent consolidate the position of the spirits it brought a message of D.A.V. College. Lahore. It is national regeneration and spiritual needless to say that they gave : uplift. Lajpat Rai fell under its both their time and money unru and it left an For several spell abiding impres- ingly. years Lajpat Rai on his life. He threw donated religiously a part of his himself heart and soul into this income for this purpose. movement, and became its champion in the press as well as on the plat- Hissar was, however, too small form. He wrote frequently for an a place for a person of Lajpat Rai's English Weekly, which the Lahore dynamic energies. So he shifted to Arya Samaj published, and he Lahore. There he built up for lectured very often from its plat- himself an enviable practice as a form. He became in a short time lawyer. But more than this one of the major hopes of this Mahatma Hans Raj and he built up movement. When Swami Dayanand, a net-work of Arya Samajes and the founder of this movement, died, educational institutions. Beth of he delivered an oration at a public them along with a host of others meeting in Lahore which stamped made the Arya Samaj a power for him as one of the leaders of this good in the Punjab. movement. His identification with this rr.eant that he was to play a 1888 was a fateful year in the leading role in social reform, reli- life cf Lajpat Rai. So far the Arya gious uplift and educational progress, Samaj with its programme of social for these are the three objects for reconstruction, educational expan- which the Arya Samaj has always sion and spiritual revival had stood. One of these took concrete monopolised all his attention. But shape on the death of Swami now he entered the political field. Dayanand Saraswati. To perpetu- It may be asked why he did so. ate his memory the Arya Samaj ists There are some who believe that resolved to found the Davanand Lajpat Rai found the field of the - PL'NJAl'/S EMINENT HI'. > small for him and, very it.triguing situation, and he therefore, entered the tick! of Could not but react to it in the v. ay in of :ics. 1 re others \vho which he did. All kinds op- think th.u his ai'-n with the pressions rrent to hi- had only been a pre- nature and he Could not but tak< '. \\.is : ilical work. 1 arms them. He ; against ^pecia- the (1 i not think this is true. He really lly at his best when oppres to be the that 1 in some aspects of the haj'pcned powers mission of the Arya Sam.ij and be. At a time like this he rose for the full of his .stature worked wh I them. to height in when 3 i 1 and clone, one and struck vigorously. He was, at cannot hut ('? : ,; and last, and his their best in d ulcerous situations, > for these call forth their ut- interest in the Arya Sam tj was als due to the fact that in it he found courage. Like a knight of old lie- into the This the mean-; of n itional reconstruc- went : ivfully fray. I'.at he found after s >me his first contact with the rg th it the movement of Ind: in Congress, and he kept it up as long 1) as h^ lived. The Congress domi- 1 n was the most pressing one The Indian Ni'ioni! Congress was nated his life ever after, and po!;- a in .ing th: le at that time came to occupy very big part h is bet.-n fighting it ever since) his life. soldier of freedom he joined In a short time he came to he it. It was r.'i iracteri-tic of him thu one ::ig politicians of In > hj 1 his ml politics re< pri-f.ic-- entry I lis position a- such was < an 1 r by writing pu'> not onlv by the people bi: by , it -h uld be ij ^r iphi >. This, the unent, but for mole by w is his intellectual remembered, the pa pie than by the (iovenvm-nt. and spiritinl preparation for the His views were solicited on c: task. wrote of such He biographies u<>',:,- !. and his coun I as iz/ini and Italian patriots M in every dilficult situation. heroes of Ind i Garibaldi and such It ,-hould, however, be remembered ^ivaji, Shn Krishna and Swami that on all such occasions he acl Li uid Saraswati. At the same not Daj like a tiae patriot. He did seek time he wrote a series of letters to id to any favour and did not yi< any in which he Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, ,. in iMOl the Government icised his secession from the appointed, the l''amine Commi-sion it S!P uld In spite of it, before \\hich he was called as a red that Sir Syed witness. His evidence was so valu- at one time a Ahmed had very able and \\ei-hty that the (iovein- ; ; r i of i flui CC on the thoughts nt had to change ita p licy with 1 ,it K'ai. regard to tlie orphans -uid hel; in the famine. It \sas That very year he went to attend chiklren left th-- llin.lus the session of the Indian National r. -ailt of tins that other rommun: C< at All. ih. tbad. It is ;ig with the ILK! 01 t> r the thoii'j.ht that tin- -i was c-n- to ganize orphangea their ot the i ren ol vened by I't. Ayodh.ivn Nath in K'ai - In l'A>5 Lajpat spite of tli' the aiith. communities. of his To Lajpat Kai this was a had to give a practical ptool PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 89 solicitude for the masses. This was the Indian National Congress in the year when the devastating earth- 1907. quake occurred in Kangra. This brought ablaut untold loss of men 1907 marked another landmark and property. Lajpat Rai could in the lite of Lajpat Rai, for he was not see all this spectacle of misery deported to Mandalay that year. and sit quietly. The Lahore Arya This is how it came about. Attempts Samaj organised a relief committee, were made in the Punjab to increase of which he became the secretary. the water rate, and this caused a In this connection he toured all over great deal of disaffection amongst the Punjab and collected donations. the zamindars. There was a wide- Me rendered much useful assistance spread agitation against this measure to the people and earned their life- in which Lajpat Rai took a leading long gratitude. That very year the part. At a public meeting in Indian National Congress passed a Lyallpur he delivered a fiery speech, resolution that two representative as a consequence of which he was Indians should be sent abroad to deported. In Mandalay he wrote acquaint the public with the con- the well known book f/ie Story of ditions in Indin. Gopal Krishna My Deportation. After some months Gokhale and Lajpat Rai were he was released. The first thing selected for this purpose. Lajpat that he did on regaining liberty was Rai toured England and delivered to file a suit against an English several spreches, in which he ex- newspaper, which had been defam- plained clearly what the British Raj ing him by describing him as a had done in India. But more seditionist. He won this case, and valuable than this was the message whatever money he got by way of that he brought for India from damages he gave away in charity. abroad. This was three-fold. He Another thing that he did was to was so struck with the educational seek election to the Lahore systems that he saw abroad that on Municipality. He was able to create his return to India he felt it incum- so much enthusiasm for his candi- bent to make efforts to nationalise dature that even the deaf, the dumb education. He also felt that the and the maimed went to vote for final test of a good Government was him. It is said that one mute the general welfare of the masses. person took Lajpat Rai's photo with He came to realise it very vividly him to show for whom he was vot- that for this purpose the Govern- ing. In the Municipality he showed ment should be in the hands of the a great deal of civic interest and did people. At the same time he came much for the citizens. to believe in the unlimited efficacy of the Swadeshi movement. He In 1914 Lajpat Rai went to thought that this should be made England, and from there he left for the common religion of all Indians, America, where he stayed for about and it should provide a meeting six years. He left India because ground for Indians of different he did not feel safe during the reign shades of thought and opinion. of Sir Michael O'Dwyer. In the Some of these ideas he advocated United States he spent his time in vigorous! v at the Surat session of lecturing on Indian affairs and in ^ 90 I'L'S! '. MNEST HINI'l writ He founded the and so great \o> the regard of the Indian Home Rule League, and r him that wherever he r .1 t :e such 1 . Siiintij, the people gave him ItniflanJ's Ih'ht to India. Vuitm; money ungrudgingly. I n.li.i an 1 sever i! other 1 le very helpful friends there, In Drcem!>er, 10J1 he \vhum he succeeded in interesting in arrested, because public meet: the cause of India. There he made a beinu lorbidden, he ha : led reputation For himself as a publicist over a meeting of the Punjab in wh all his ; vrv depressed. sentenced to one year's rigorous It should be remembered that life imprisoament. The messi^ that in America w is not a bed of r he t;ave to the people at that time - him. i cook his own was fu'l of patriotic fervour and meals and used to live mainly on showed that the Mian was made of the earnings from his articles and steel. After a few months as a 1 :h were not very abun- resu't of public a*. !' ition in the dant. vincial council he was relea- but was again arrested. I>uring ' 1 l tell in : 1^' came back this term of imprisonment he to India, an ! his fellow-countrymen seriously ill. When it was found telt no end at this. In that his condition was very critical, Bombay, at Dei hi and Lahore he he \\as released and to recoup his received of welcome. health he went to Solan. He had Then in September 1 '20 he was hardly recovered fully from his elected : the illness when Pt. Moti Lai Nehru j special ;on ot the Indi in National founded the Swaraj Party. Lajpat cutta. It was at Rai joined it, and was elected that . th a Mahntma Gandhi the Central Assembly. There he ented his programme of non- made himself once a^ain famous co- M, but Lajpat Kai \\a^ by his fearless advocacy of the d to it. But that very national cause. After some time attli-- N.iL'pur -es>;nn ot the he found that the Con^re- not i f- j"ined hands with doinj,' its duty bv the Hir.dus. S Mahat ihi. Then he threw he in uiLiur.it. d the HinJti himseit h :id soul into this Sangat/nin mo-. t-iiinH and inovem : -Mnce one c f the items strenuously tor the unification this m sv programme was the the Hindus. Then he sought re- and c . he election to the assembly, and t: founded the National College it was under his lead t; . II-- vt irt'-d also the T alii n . .IHIL; the bo\ ' Sell which was some- of the Simon Com . \\hich ; . thing lik'- the Lon ! of In addition to it he iurtlu-r con>tituti> collected i 1C hs of rupco for development in India, \\as passed. "und in about In the tii'-.iiitirnc he piid a living ' i : t'. -. 1 Ir in. a whirl-wind \'ivit I-.uro] and on his rt-turn a in the Punjab for this purj i there he undertook ticry PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINUDP 91 campaign against the Simon he had a noble band of friends. Commission. Then the Nehru His friends were not confined to one report was published, in which place but were spread over almost Ft. Moti Lai Nehru and his colle- all the countries of the world. His agues taking up the challenge of friendships were, however, not the Secretary of State for India based on superficial social relation- outlined a scheme of Swaraj for ships, but on a deep love of some India. Lajpat Rai was so impres- common cause and on a willingness sed with it that he undertook to to suffer and make sacrifices for that tour over the whole of India to do cause. Even if a person met him propaganda in its favour. He had casually, he was impressed with his hardly began his work when the flaming patriotic ardour. His pit- Simon Commission arrived at riotism was not, however, merely Lahore on tha 20th of October, of the sentimental variety, it was 1928. Lajpat Rai led a procession an active energising force. It was of citizens of Lahore to demonstrate militant on the one hand and it was their disaffection with the Simon a constructive force on the other. Commission. This was declared No one could be more aggressive unlawful, and in order to disperse than Lajpat Rai when a wrong had the crowd, the police made a lathi to be set right or when some in- charge. Lajpat Rai received some justice had to be redressed. But grievous hurts on this occasion, and he was also in his element when as a result of them fell ill. He some solid work had to be done for never recovered from this illness the nation. It is needless to give and passed away on the morning of a list of such things for they will fill the 17th of November 1928, on several pages. There is enough to account of heart tailure. remember that there was hardly any sphere of national welfare to Thus passed away Lajpat Rai, which he did not contribute some- and by his death left a void in the thing. If he had a patriot's fervour, public life of India, which nothing he had also a patriot's lot. Im- can fill up. But he also left behind prisonment, deportation, self-impos- a glorious legacy the legacy of high ed exile, all these were his and he and selfless patriotic endeavour. One bore them cheerfully. But in may judge him by any standard and every situation he found friends, one will come to the conclusion that who shared his suffering or colla- he was great. Yet his greatness is not borated with him in his work. some kind of self-ig^randisement Another thing that distinguished but that based on service of others. him was his gift of self-expression. Three things stand out pre-eminently This he cultivated throughout his in his life, and these alone can be life. lie was a bookman and a his title to immortality. First, he voracious reader. But all that he had a genius for making friends, and read he shared with others through friends of the right type. At college his writings and his speeches. The he made friends with Mahatma number of books that he wrote is Hans Raj and Ft. Guru Dutt. At very large, and he was one of those Hissar he won the confidence of rare persons to whom public speak- Ft. Lakhpat Rai and L. Chura ing came naturally. At the age of Mani, and when he came to Lahore, eighteen, he was the ornament of PUNJAB'S EMINENT IIIN1TS. :m of the As naj, journalism, too, he left his " impress. 1 th-- l.i-t of his lilV h.- H.- an to day founded the Rimle-.Malrani ", " ined his ,,r atoric il powers. Vet an l"n!u daily and the People" an h-- w is not merely .in ac ulemic -lish weekly. In the fit-Id of busi- ikt-r. He h.ul the highest kind . he le-t't his mark. The Punjab r.it'Ty which stimulates people National Rink Ltd., owes .1 into action. Hi- was above all a dei] to him and it was lie who horn leader of men. He could 1- id DSered the Lakshmi Insurance vement- > frw men c.m. Ltd. No one could be more To enumerate the movements to i on philanthropy than he. The which h-- mile a very vital con- destitute children of the nation tribution will he futile. One can found a father in him, and he built only this much th.it all pro- a home for the known " consumptives, SSive m".e'ii' nts, social, reli^i as The Gulabdevi Hovpiul." educational, economic and p Almost every movement in India found in him a Lireat champion. In found in him a friend. The Kis.ms, the last period of his life he founded the workers, the youth of India, he the S-r\ants . ,f People Society with befriended every one of them. II,- the object of training public built up the Servants of People k< 5. All these are his memo- Society so that patriotic VOUIIL; men rials, which will keep his name should be able to devote all thej r .ilive, but his greatest memorial is time and energy to national sep. the example of noble patriotism that without the dread of starvation. he has left h> -hind. He stimulated the feeling for social reform and unification amoiiL; tin- This patriotism he translated Hindus, but more than any thini;. ml- il concrete things, most he remained a life-long worker in .vhich have already been enu- the cause of national unity. For merated. There is hardly any national service, he found in tin- aspect of our national life which he Indian National Congress the most did not enrich. In a way he covered befitting instrument, and he served tru- whole field of education. His it whole-heartedly. To speak the contribution to the D.A.V. College, truth, he served his country at home Lahore is already \\-ell-kno\\n. as well as abroad, by his pen as Besides it, he founded the National well as with his tongue, through the Coll.-qe, the Tilak School of Politics legislature as well as outside. It is and the I h-.arkadass Library. At no wonder that his name will always drew up a scheme of remain enshrined in the grateful of his primaiy pducationwhich.it is a pity, memories countrvmcn. he could not put into force. On ai. (By Mr M L. Rhardw.-tj) Sir Manohar Lai, Finance Minister to commit himself to any political in the Punjab Government, combines ideal for India. That is because at in himself the qualities of philosop- present he doubts the existence of her, economist and politician. He firm foundations for any such ideal. has been referred to frequently in The many depressing circumstances recent times as the greatest of in India incline him to pessimism- provincial Finance Ministers. an attitude which is perhaps also the result of his philosophical speculat- He is a keen student of politics, ions. He cannot understand those but he likes to keep himself free from who speak optimistically merely the rough and tumble of the political because they must speak. his as a game. Perhaps occupation He believes that unless industri- student and a scholar does not acco- alisation in India proceeds surely rd well with the mental outlook of and rapidly, the country is likely to the Or is he afraid of politician. be left behind in the race of pro- the he has crea- disturbing placidity gress and may never be able to ted for himself by discarding all catch up. He is of the opinion that active associations? political heavy industries, particularly metal- lurgical industries, should be serious- He dwells in the exclusiveness of ly developed if India is to lay the a He has built round highbrow. foundations of any genuine and progress. himself a literary atmosphere He thinks that the fashionable em- in at home to those delights being phasis on spinning and cottage who have to learning. any pretence industries may be helpful in develop- come and chat in their own They character is ing ; but he quite clear and feel with them- language happy that those who emphasise spinning selves. It is thus that Sir Manohar and cottage industries and at the Lai has in some quarters gained the same time make clamorous demands of being a snob. reputation for rapid constitutional advance or independence, know not what they But those who claim to know are talking about. Without real in- that he is a hard- him, say quiet, dustrialisation there could be no real working gentleman and a charming political advance because an essen- host. He is in his habits and very shy tial factor of strength in the nation's much misunderstood because of this. life would be wanting, and there certainly could be no lasting inde- He possesses a clearness of vision pendence as there would be no which nowadays is rare. He hesitates adequate capacity for defence. PI'S MINI-NT HINDI'S The main problem before the Sir Manohar Lai has earned the hi- countiy, thinks, is firstly indus- platitude t ,f the pio\ince lor his asatior, ast to the extent able stewardship <,l the finances. if whit is known as li.il.uiced Hislaidget speeches hive I). -Come i.-iny. lly, the solution of famous. lli-tisk of watching the the communal problem and as part finances of the province has been by of it iili the deep-: | ird u pread no means easy. Great difficulties controversy over tl:c language ques- arose becau.se ,,f devastations cai tion. It appears t'> him, as a student by hailstorms and the inadequacy of in that r retirement, hardly any pr< p rainfall in a large part of the eftort to solve this problem is being province and were aggravated by attempted. Those who could profit- widespread famine in some of the in Us -oluti n are ably eng iL;e busy south-eastern districts. Still, large otherwise in the dust and heat of irrigation projects like the Haveli strife. daily have been completed and another is on hand, without a single year of real deficit. During his tenure of I'- yond those general statements, office the bold scheme of a Special Sir Manohar L il is not ready to Development Fund has been given discuss the various problems of the practical shape and funds on a larger country and th-ir s .luiion, at least scale than ever before have be. n not publicly. This is perhaps made available for beneficent de- because of his peculiar position in partments. I'jujal) politics. He is a. no-party man. He does not owe allegiance Sir Manohar Lai was born on to th.- Hindu Sabha, the Congress January 1, 1880, in the small town or the l.'nionist party. He \\as re- of Fa/dlka in Ferozepore district. turned to the Punjab Legislative After preliminary schooling there, A-sembly from the L'imeisity cons- he came to Ferozepore after his tituency and in pre-autonomy days father, who was a Tehsildar, was and throughout he has remained transferred to Rohtak. He conclu- fairly free from all party labels. As ded his schooling in the Central such he was selected in l')27 as Edu- Model School and joined the cation Minister and as such he was Forman Christian College. He had no doubt included by the Premier a very successful College career, in the present ( i .vernment as consistently standing first in Knglish, Finance Minister. When on differ- Philosophy and Sanskrit. He did ences over the agrarian le-M.uion, his M.A. in Knglish, standing the K.ija Narendra Nath group first. Receded from the Ministerial party, Sir Man-)har Lai remained m the In 1000, on bcini: ^el. rt< -d for a ' ( ilnnet. I fe continues in that Government of India scholaiship. lion with only a small direct he went to Filmland and joined St. following in the legislature, presum- John's College, Cambridge. Right ably in the rapacity of an expert, from the .start he carried off every though how far he can influence the college prize and scholarship in his ' deci tf ' ' '\-ei miK nt in that own subjects- philosophy and eco- capacity is a moot point. nomics. He won the Cobden prize ITNJAB'S 1-MINKNT HINDUS 95 in economics in competition with a In 1937 he became Minister for Fellow of Trinity, now Professor of Finance and Jails. Economics in the University of Oxford. He himself was offered a He presided over the Indian professorship in the University of Economic conference in 1935 at Cardiff at the young age of 25 but Dacca and his address was regarded he was unable to accept owing to as a pronouncement of high econo- family circumstances. After taking mic value. In 1939 he went as his degree in economics he lectured British Indian delegate to League at Cambridge as an external lecturer. of Nations. In one week, that criti- He competed for a Fellowship of cal and fateful last week of August, his own College, as did the present 1939, he flew to London and back- Master of St. John's, but neither of spending only two days in London, them succeeded. That year the probably a record flight for any Fellowship went to Professor Chad- civilian. wick, a great scholar of early Eng- lish literature. His special interests are very largely academic. He pursues a variety of studies, a little on the He returned to India in 1905, but political side. He is a confirmed went back to compete for a Fellow- Liberal, trained in the traditions of of ship. He then became Principal John Stewart Mill but, as he would the After three Kapurthala College. put it himself, he has drifted, parti- years he went to Calcutta as the cularly in view of the situation in Minto Professor of Economics. India, to increasingly conservat- \v.\s the first This University pro- ive ways of thought. He claims, in India. fessorship After staying according to many rightly, that he is there for three and a half years, he an ardent Nationalist. returned to the Punjab to practise at the Bar. Even as a practising If circumstances had permitted lawyer, he took a very keen interest he would have liked to be, as he had in University matters and was soon opportunities to be, a student and a elected to the Syndicate. He has teacher of economics in one of the also acted for many years as exami- British Universities. He had no ner for several Universities in India heart for Government service. in Economics, and Law, Philosophy When the Fiscal Commission was as also in some foreign languages of first constructed, he was invited to which he knows French, German be a member as a of and Italian. representative the consumer, but he declined. Later when the first Tariff Board was appointed, membership was He has been continuously a pressed on him, but his love for the member of the provincial legislature Punjab and partly his intimate aca- since 1920, except for a short period demic associations in Lahore did from 1924 to 1926. He served as not allow him to accept the position. the Minister of Education from the He is a confirmed home-loving beginning of 1927 to October, 1930. Punjabi. (C. & \}. G., Lahore.} rt'SJ\h's l.MINI.NI HI. ltecentl\ the l'ni\- Sir \lanhar I. >il As a matter of .in 1 letlection set forth mor- bright- fact, the Pun -ah l'nn-,-rsi'.\ honoured ly the charm of his c-mpmionship tttell b\ honouring an intellectual and the uarm (juality of his natt. :t of this frounce. k, which fertilized all \\Ystern literature, was my first this occasion, the On < love," h-- said, replying to my I rrsentativc <>'///(' 'Tribune' in- I'ej jii.-'ion, "eiifoiced by I'r. 'iris- him and a tcrvieiced published wold in the F. C. College. The detailed irhtch tttrorcs a ; account, veteran teacher, though iat o/ on the and flood li^ht literary embarrassed by my inquisitiveness Dr. Sir academi: achievement* of and searching examination, intro- / al. \Ve this Manohar re-produce duced me t" Xenophen and in its illuminating article entirety. Gospel of St. John in Greek. My Editor. interest in Greek, could not tit- maintained and all my later re iding to be in translations. Hut it If it be true of literary giants had time that I read ri-jht that they seldom turn Economists was at that Milton the Latin it is equally true of Economists through excluding that seldom turn Literary. Hut portions and tour volumes of Sir th'-y ' 1 ! lamilton'-, when the two merge in one it is a 1'iiilosophy. singularly hippy combination and \ 'istas of knowledge opened to our admiration and envy. the curious Manohar Lai Irom year In our province we have such a to year while at college in India. in Sir M.mohar combination La], 1'Iiilosophy and Sanskrit, apart from our Finano- Mini-ti-r, .\ genius gift- literature in which he attained ed with g'ittering treasures of mind. issible distinction, became every p " Sir Manohir Lil i^ a person driven his dominant passion. I'hilosophy and forward by resolution purpose, was my peculiar delight. That applic uion an 1 self-discipline, will, enabled me to search after the coura " ind tir--l--ss industry, un- meaning of n-dity and looking the r.ontaminated bv the jealousy and daily turmoil that would other- 1 myopia .(" small mind . wise ei gulf one,' said Sir Manohar " Lai answering another query. In To., a men- 1 literary ; this Swann Uam Tirath (Xeicistd lover: that was how 1 was dubbed it mllueiice over him. And then 1 in my school and college days. ' he added : My friends i jocularly ! t at that accusation. laugh ' then also dubbed me a I'hi!' t.i I wanted seek within guidance ' Hut I deserved no sui h mvself. A (rouble student as I \\.is, pher title; mine was at best a Irimble I 1 had an inni-r feeling that shall endeavour into ttie mystery of life, Il.lt sllll'r-l f , Om til' V t with c.'iitlicting schools peiplixing intere t in lit' itun remained a fair me extremely." lin^ 1 : ''lit not to be SU|)pI' 51 d," ii Lai him-elf s lid Sir Mm 'h H Lai, replyin M m..!i applied nthi-r to and my (|in-sti''!i, the dav with loudly 1'hilosophy 97 PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINUDS became a Sanskrit at Cambridge to which which later very nearly ' on a Govern- Why this turning to place he had gone passion. " I asked him ? I turned ment scholarship. By then he had French,'' studies in added Economics to his favourite to it to pursue higher International Law and stiuiies. In all these subjects he Diplomatic in which literature in obtained the highest places and History, at that time was limited." scholarships. English returned from While reading for the degree, in He Cambridge in Inter- his leisure moments he is said to with marked distinctions Economics and have read very extensively the national Law and most valuable awards. hi -Lory of the Roman and the Ang- some lic in Church, particularly the bio- His interest in French grew still the and its vast graphies of Martyrs stronger as he was stirred by Divines. literature. After his degree, as is well-known, "What was your later interest in in Economics he specialised and French," I asked? finished his career at " Cambridge Moliere, Flaubert, Daudet the Cobden Prize for obtaining Lamartine, Anatole France and research in "Industrial Combina- Victor Hugo," was his reply. tions." Dr. Marshall, the well- known Economist and master-mind This was obviously a very small, of that day, his teacher throughout selection of the writers he mentioned his stay at Cambridge, called his to me because I saw at his house work "A fine piece of research work, a considerable library of French deeply original, exhibiting care in works; and he seemed to handle so exposition, showing fine balanced authors with feeling and many " judgment and striking power of interest. Why should they not ( expression. Among his contempo- interest me," he explained, "their raries were Professor at stand out in a Pigou (now feeling and high aim Cambridge) with whom he read world of strife and confusion, false a and Keynes now Baran) by few notes and petty vanities. So many years his junior. For the Cobden were supreme among consummate his unsuccessful and prize, competitor artists, seeking infinite pains was McGregor, now Professor of much travail of soul the true import Economics at Oxford. of nature and life." In he in the " England was, fact, Did the German literature not envy of his contemporaries and it attract much," I queried ? was there that his characteristic you powers attained the full expression He answered: "But my acquaint- He stood forth among his contem- ance with it is very limited. I scien- poraries as one endowed with keen- applied myself to it merely for ness of mind and care in scientific tific purposes, for reading of specia- judgment, qualities which won him lised literature in Economics. But high regard among Cambridge on my return from England I made scholars. some study of Latin, though only \Vhile still at Cambridge he de- for philological purposes. However, Caesar and veloped some interest in French I went beyond my 98 PL NJAh'S EMINENT HINDUS ' .ind develo; ie il liking and a l<>rceful Minister ofMducationi for Laucretuis and \'n Mr. Mannhar L il's name is a house- ' hold word in educated India. 1 And His most recent interest is the Hon'ble Mr. M. Before his last visit to Axi/.-ul-Haq, nister of a M Education, Bengal, hur .pt- in 1935 he made v--ry (later lliuh Commissioner for India), study of leading Italian once his pupil like his other pupils d during the pa-.t few years .ttained in all lintained that interest. He hit;h places walks of life), added, "We are i large store of Italian having in our midst our fir>t Minto books but hi- mam interest lay S.imt 1': lessor of Economics in the Er.mi-.i-. B ccaccio, Leopir in and of / r-ity of Calcutta, the i: ; -arts of Dantr. ashedi, told distinguished Economist ot India, nv. Literature h is a'l these years been a man ol affairs, one who hi- i thing and h<- h i- been close t^rip on reiiities, world condi- thro'ig'.i all its oft'sh >ots, . phy " ' tions and d'- ients Sir an At th~ -ity- y. Lai's a Mmohar address, delivered five, h : w is considered pro-m-ing on the occasion, was thought to l>e lar of h.gh attam-n -n's, with a full of deep thought and many : ami a well-stored 'ictions, which have come out mind. It w is for th it reason, per- true ui'.h the passage of time. '1 !.- h ips, when he came back from address has been frequently refern d :ibrid_'e that lie was sought after to by all the leading ne m by the leadi I Diversities of India the country and outsid--. A: d to a Ijudge the work of candidates yet in his characteristic niode.-t for their Doctorates. Calcutta .'ave he, at the very of his the lead and the other Universities beginning address, said: "...1 no claim followed. po.sse.-s to occupy a piace in the long roll of at best, is Literature, however, distinguished Economists v. lu> with his an intimate hobby him, h tve sat here before". II still Econo- main occupation being is a man whom allurements cat, t mics and Finance. press; one who has gifts that co: he i hut as an Economist has rect gnition but are '-i]y remained literary, in fact, the rightly defined. This is true d. -day, literary" of his college days. And ns it was many y.ais back, \\hen he :n both the-e -plu-rcs h.- IMS kept was Minto Professor of Econoi. up a versatile and truly retmed taste. in the Calcutta University and \\ht-nhis lectures used to be atte: 1 1 is command over the English men like Babu language is \v.-!!-km>\vn. He speaks by Rajendra Prasad, the great leader, and mi: and writ'-* in.p^-cc il>lc Engli-h. In Congress rous of his who have attained C..D-. .n he is ready to embark pupils branch Mr. A I'". K'-hman, ("liairman of the very occasion when this I ; IM i>ity r the 10th is conferring a Hoctorate on him, << the All-India I .p. mics Sir Manohar Lai delivered a Con- ( ;ierence at l>n:ci, "ver which vocation address which was replete a h- '.. "...As very with wisdom and was remarkable ushed professor of Economics for its unerrring felicity of dictu n. . Mukand at (By N. B. vSen) If a poll were taken to find out of Oxford. There he joined Exeter Punjab's half-a-dozen most popular College and obtained Honours in Hindus, R.B.LalaMukand Lai Puri, the School of Modern History and M.A. (Oxon), M.L.A., Barrister-at- also won the coveted Boden La\v, Lahore, is sure to find a place Scholnrship for Sanskrit in the in the list. Tall, well-built and University of Oxford. Previously dignified, he possesses a forceful this scholarship was held by such personality and a genial tempera- eminent men as Sir Shadi Lai, and ment which have endeared him to the late Dr. Har Dayal. In addition many. There is no doubt, that his to this, he qualified for the Bar from high education, family influence and the Middle Temple and returned to status have all helped him a good India in 1912. For about two years, deal to get a brilliant start in life, he practised as a lawyer at Sargodha, but it is surely the push, drive and where his family have vast influence. initiative in him, which have enabled If he desired, he could have a very him to acquire and maintain such an lucrative practice there, but Mr. eminent position in the public life of Mukand Lai was anxious to have a oijr province. He is not only a vast field for his activities. So he successful lawyer, but also an educa- shifted to the Capital of the Province tionist of high order and a public in 1915 and started practice as an man of repute. Advocate of the Lahore High Court. Born at Shahpur, on the 1st of It was in this city that Mr. Puri's September, 1887, with a silver spoon capabilities and talents found a full in his mouth, Mr. Mukand Lai studied expression. He soon won a name upto the 7th class in the local D. B. for himself as a lawyer of great abili- School, from where he came to ty on account of his good analytical Lahore and joined the D. A. V. powers and brilliant advocacy. His High School. After matriculating habit of hardwork and perseverance, in 1902, he joined the D. A. V. coupled with his personality helped College, and four years later him to get a high position in the graduated, with Mathematics A profession, which he has maintained Course and Sanskrit, as his elective for the last 20 years. He commands subjects. He took his M.A. degree an extensive practice and during his in English from the Government career at the Bar he has conducted College, Lahore, in 1907. The many important cases, including the same year he proceeded to England well-known Lahore Conspiracy Case, for higher studies, in the University in which Bhai Parmanand was also 403398B 'S KN.MII.:- i HIV in\ol\.d, and was su ntly afiairs is both vast and varied. He : '.iff. is a Governor and was fur a number of years Secretary of tlv \ ictoria ;.it-- i'f i.i- heavy legal en- Diamond Jubilee Hindu Technical nts, li.- has not faile t to Institute, Lahore. 1 Icing a staunch other activities both in the Hindu, he t ik- -re- it interest in the i <>f of -inl aren ,ui 1 public li'e ilevfhipinent Hindi. H>- was this Fie has b ' electetl President of the All-India | iking in Ai S im i Hindi Sammelan held at the ya j Lahore ami has he Membe; f r.il years ago. Since then he ' < of his best Mai: iging >mmitt<-f the has been trying to get Hindi ' D.A.\'. Cii !!ic< hi' sh 1 gni->< d as a medium of instruc- t" L i!i> re. 1 : he tion in this province. Ho\\ far he h.i b.-'-n st ul in thi- W rk i as Si cr.-tary and also sncce effi t is P m lined it 1 r -i lent from 1033-37. a moot question. Suffice it to say At present he is its S-nior Yice- that due to lack of 'unls and : > . !' : icient nt and to workers, j ihe zeal do his utmost to p : the best PI ci.-ssary ability, ;.nd ei.ergy rests of this auti'Ui. as also due to lack m proper His associition with this foremost organization and sir.tab!. hjp, educational institution of the the work lias pot pio_;r.-ssed on lines It is province 1 _-d him to take a keen sound high time that int'-rest in the activities of the Hindu leaders who are really k.^-n Punjab University and h<- h is been to do -d ne p to the cause of one <>f its I-Yllows, I rds of the University. In fact, culture of individuals concern d. ' In is ackno d on ill hands a I'roin force to reckon with, in I 'niversity the very beginning of his affairs. As a Member of the Hoard public career, he has been attracted of Studies in Kn-dish and History to the I lindu Maha Sabha and has he ntfi-rs h:' ojiininn on various text- taken a leading part in thi-, body, of I. after tin ir which he has for several !> n .'-:s, careful study y, are rath'-r th.ui all-.'.v him/ !' to lie influ- the General S'lai-tary and N'ice- enced by the com md recoin- I'n'ident. In all matters affecting lations of srlf serkcrs who gene- Hindu interests, he has been a of to 1 rally hang a! H -Mt such ni' mbersof the pillar strength the Iindus of . t .n.il the and p. ud. Ill inter* m '-'lurati' pid\nue ) whenever any 1 t'NJAr.'S KMIN'l.N i HINDUS 101 Hindu interest is in danger any- House on which be does not speak where, he is one of the persons to and there is no concrete proposal whom people run up for assistance. to which he does not offer some Needless to say that he is ever constructive criticism. Asa lauyr-r, ready to do his best for them. he was always nominated to the Select Committees of the various P> ills In 1920, he contested the bye- before the Council and nas also election from the city of Lahore on nominated to other Committees like the resignation of Dr. Gopi Chand, the Public Accounts Committee and and in succeeded getting himself the Retrenchment Committee, where elected as the of representative the he did very useful work. Asa matter of the a Capital City province, by of fact, he was one of the th.i nping majoriry. Since then he most forceful Hindu members of continues to be a Member of the the Council and did valuable work Punjab Legislature. In 1932, he for the Hindu Community. When entered the Council as representa- the National Progressive Party tive of the Industries' Constituency under the leadership of Raja and was returned unopposed. Narendra Nath decided to stick to Ministerial benches, giving co- In 1937, on the advent of the operation to Sir Sikandar Hayat Provincial Autonomy, he chose to Khan, it was he who first of all come in through the Rawalipindi crossed over to the opposition rural constituency. L. Behari Lai benches, and joined Sir Gokul Chanana, a well-known figure of Chand Narang, who was fighting this province, who opposed him had the cause of the Hindus singlehand- not only the backing of the Con- ed. How could he who had fought so gress, whose foremost leaders like a battle in the Pt. Jawahar Lai and others were valiantly many defence of Hindu cause, sit mun then touring the province; but also while their interests were being had the support of stalwarts like sacrificed at the alter of commu- Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya and the nalism and classism. His public Punjab Sanatan Dharma Pratinidhi withdrawal from the Ministerial Sabha. This was a notable contest entire and would be party rallied the non-agricul- long remembered by and most the turist opinion round him electorates of that constituency, of the. members of the Hindu Pro- on account of the in- tough fight his gressive Party later on followed volved in the struggle on both sides. example. Mr. Puri, however, succeeded in the winning election to the great joy of his friends and admirers. It is characteristic of Mr. Puri that he does not believe doing Insi.le the R. B Legislature, ' things by halves and always pursues Mr. Mukand Lai Puri has bee n his plans to their logical conclusion. from tht; very beginning a When he came to the Opposition prominent member making weighty benches, he opposed the Unionist contributions to its deliberations Ministry tooth and nail. He made His are speeches generally full o f and in vim and vigorous fighting speeches vigour. There is no condemnation of the "Black Bills," important proposition before the as he called them, and put up a 102 PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDIS v.ili.mt right in defence of the non- achievements. It would be of agriculturists. His criticism of the interest to mention here that Col. .ernment was ruthless. He g.ive Puri was tiken a-, a prisoner m the blows right and left, neither giving last(ir-at War by the Turks and was nor -eeking quarters. He did not released on the termination of confine his opposition to the Agrarian hostilities, after which he returned Hills merely to his speeches on the to India, full of honours. He had retired r.\o Hoor of the House. Outside it, he also from s-Tvice for the last led a vigorous opposition and took years, but he. again volunteered and an active part in the formation of is now on active service. Mr. the Non-Agricultural Association. Y. K. Puri. his nephew, is a distin- md.istrialist of this He attend'- 1 almost all the confer- guished province. ences that were held under its Mr. ->h imbhu Lai Puri, the younger auspices throughout the province, brother of K. B. Lala Mukand L il and also presided at one of them Pun, is a Director of the Reserve at Ballabg-irh, in Gurgaon District. Bank of India and is a !' irrister-at- 1 aw, rising into prominence. His son, Mr. Kanwal K i Besides all this, Mr. Puri has only j Puri, also been taking a keen interest in B.A , LL.P.., is now Officer Incharge the business life of our province. of the Sunlight of India Insurance He has been connected with two of Co., Ltd., L ah the most successful co-nmercial institutions of our province, the A gentleman with unassuming Punjab National Bank Ltd., manners and familiar bearing, Mr. Lahore (the premier Indian Bank of Puri creates friends for himself and our province) whose notable Direc- knows how to retain their affection tor he has been since 1922 and the and regards. In times of difficulty he Sunlight of India Insurance Co., Ltd; stands faithfully by his friends and Lahore, which he along with Mr. colleagues. Sober and steady by Bhim Si in Sachar, M.L.A., founded habit, but daring and dashing in act- in 1932. He is of the opinion that ion, he knows how to create opportu- in Industrialisation lies the future nities and take full ad vantage of them. prosperity of our province. He feels that the crisis in tfv- form of After his election in 1937, his market depression and unemployment name was prominently mentioned that is bound to come immediately in the Press as a likely Hindu tin- present war is over, can only be Minister in the Sikandar Cabinet. met successfully by opening fresh Recently before the retirement ..f avenues of incomeforour youngmen. Sir Douglas Young, Chief Justice of the Lahore High Court, it \\as re- Mr. Puri belongs to one of the ported that he was being considered most notable families of this pro- for a vacancy on the Bench. If the vince. His father, R. B. Lala needful had been done, it would h i\e Brij La' Puri, r one of tin- leading amounted to recognition of a deserv- advi r it. -s and a prominent citi/.rn ing merit. But it is doubtful whether of this province. His elder brother, he himself would have liked to - \ Lt.-Col. M. L. Puri, is well-known change his lucrative practice and on account of his professional public career for a seat on the Bench. Maiendxa MatA. (By N. B. Sen & Ram Lai Tara.) EVEN a casual visitor to Diwan Pt. Kishan Dass, who spent the Bahadur Raja Xarendra Nath can- earlier days of his life in Kashmir not tail to notice one beautifully till this state was conquered by bound book which is always lying Ahmed Shah Abdali in 1752. With near him at his table. If you look the advent of Muslims in this ' 1 at it more carefully you will find "Paradi.se on Earth constant that it is the famous book, "Chiefs torture of the Hindus began and and Families of Vote inthe Punjab'' they were subjected to various by Sir Griffin and Colonel Massy, disabilities with the result that most revised under the orders of the of them preferred to migrate to Punjab Government in 1909 by Mr. the plains in search of peaceful (now Sir) H. D. Craik, I. C. S. who abodes. Pt. Kishan Dass was also was till recently Governor of this compelled by circumstances to province. This book is very dear leave his hearth and home, and t Raja Snhib for it contains a brief seek his fortune elsewhere. He history of his illustrious forefathers came to Delhi and being a good who had distinguished themselves scholar succeeded in getting, under for their loyalty to their respective the Mughal Rulers a modest job masters and had risen in the esti- which he held till his death. mation of both the rulers and the ruled, on account of their flexibility, Diwan Ganga Ram. adaptability and political sagacity. They held, in succession, high and Ganga Ram was the only son of responsible offices of State and Pt. Kishan Dass. He was born at always justified the confidence re- Rampur, near Benares; but the date posed in them by their masters. It of his birth is not known. While is, therefore, in the fitness of things quite young he joined the service that a brief accrunt of their achieve- of the Maharaja of Gwaliar, who ments may be given before placed him under some French reviewing the life and work of officers for training in military and Raja Xarendra Nath the Grand political affairs. Being intelligent, Old Man of the Punjab. he learnt his job quickly and was deputed by the State to collect Pandit Kishan Dass. tributes and draw up treaties with the neighbouring allied states. The family history of Raja Slowly his reputation as a diplo- Xarendra Xath can be easily traced matic and shrewd officer crossed back to his great-great grandfather, the Sutlej and reached Maharaja 1CM KMIM '.I ll.NI'LS to a of cart h re Ranjit ^in_;h who invited him s, a stallion and Lahore. G Kim was hi four mat'--, a-.d a carriage for at this turn nf t-irtune M iharaja Kanjit Sin-h Inm the to K . Hnjand wli.. for immediately ; g was, with i "i (1 t>i^.i-jiil anxious to win :ifi . : it t-> th Mahiriji, ieuce and goodwill t i a- a t 1 to th'- -r--at Sikh Kuler bet.. re prob :}y >v.ilty U t' ' . < int. i iti. .n tli" his :i -.: -n ister. Kanjit Sin) p.il -ch' "t the UriiN!. . ver . i-ied '.vith !u mm ~ers <;ds his at t:, . nl p. iced in n at the mighty Kin-.U-m. ch of the (Mice irge Military Diwan Vjodh i I'rash id several \:- of m i him th K-"-">T the Seal. mil of 1 i i 1 it T Di-.v iffecte . nr<- imp:' S ite Forces during the tempo- m -nts in the system of k.-e;>'i- rary absence of the French Generals Account- n 1 '.von the :i: Mi.itiry 'd thus hec HIM- p ipu ar with adm'.r.iti m of th-.- Mihiviji. Diw m them, lie was aiways sy.npa'hetic li -. K am is siid to ive Ga to the soldiers, \vho w-'re in turn a 1. brought with him loyal and sincere to him. Dunn- the followers whmn he succeeded and troubled administration of Kaja in here an 1 there in the II. rixiiiL; up ri Sin._;h, when Mutiny w is State. In 1S21, he was at the hei-ht thre iten< d. I tiwan Aj. dina Prasl 1 of his bein^ made Adminis- power displ a yed ra i trator of the about Gujrat. country fulness. His skill in hai: : in- the I'm ( ianga Kam had n. > son. Army was much admired and an So he his wife's adopted nephew increment of Ks. 3000 p n: as a son. He died in 1826. ^iv.-n to him al.iiii; v.itli a /..:,/ in 1 1 it iz (bad District. Divvan Ajodhia Prashad. I . it. T on Ajodhia Pra* h \<\ was Commissioner m ci - i, appointed 1 -.van Ajodhia Prashad, the ( with ; in A!b t; tin; < i junction >on ! in-a :i ,l ( pted Diwan Kain, 1 '< P)i itish K v< . it:-' a i > and sound \\ . iven j^ood education shrewd i-.- and aft .. ju of men traininijin various fields "ies. he cle ii!\ th'- 1 1 th-> School Foresaw I [ was sent to Military of the 1'iitish.r-- v. o in K ishmir at K-. 10(XJ p. in. power si and Btea bni'dj i w!y but later on was i t L diore lily on tin- iiiins of ttu- Sikh a medium ol communi- So tlv Diw.-.n chan-.-d cation between the Maharaji and l-'.mpirr his tactics and in order to en . his European Generals, V inraand better career for himself "showed P!, who h id CO 6 all the way the L;n-at<- t courtesy and attention ( This volun- l"orr<-s of to Abbott". f ,f th-- Spi-cial Maharaja iptam n him in t.n \- co-. .pi-rati. brou^Iit - the new th" 1 books of ' Of th- who now , Rulers Punjab, h, 1S.51 Aj" T ,1. ,d had the to er him a ,jf b- || to Hi,-, t began nd tried "friend." In v\a I n his u I,t. I in i nC8, who iy after the "f .1 184'), immediately frci u I' .mbay with a pr.-s.Mit April PUNJAB'S KMINKNT HINDUS 105 annexation of the Punjab, he was Assistant Commissioner in 1873. appointed to take charge of young Maharaja Daleep Singh along with Next year his services were lent another British Officer whose trust to the Kapurthala State, but he and confidence he secured by being had to vacate his seat within a to make room for a British loyal to their cause only. year officer. The Diwan proceeded thence on a pilgrimage to Kangra All this did not go in vain. Sir and was on his back to Lahore Robert the then Lt. way Montgomery, when he had an attack of cholera Governor of the Punjab, succeeded and died after a brief illness on in him a life pension of getting the 18th 1875. of Rs. 7500 and the Supreme Court August, in 1852 sanctioned Ks. 1000 of this Diwan Baij Nath married being upheld in perpetuity. pension thrice. His second wife bore him Again the British Government his only son, Narendra Nath. in recognition of his loyal Born in 1864, he is still going services not only appointed him even at the age of about an Honorary of Lahore strong ripe Magistrate 80 and works harder than many a but also granted him 1200 acres of His character of land which was named after youngman to-day. sketch is given below. him as "Ajodhiapur." K/iilats were also bestowed upon the Diwan For the last two decades who died in 1870, full of honours. Diwan Bahadur Raja Narendra Nath has been the stern sentinel of Diwan Baij Nath. the Hindu interests in the Punjab. F.ver since his retirement from the Provincial Civil Service, he has been Diwan Baij Nath, the father of in the thick of the battle, valiantly Raja Narendra Nath, was the only fighting for the cause that he holds son of his illustrious father, Diwan so dear. Age has not withered him. Ajodhia Prashad, who by his skill With his frail he has rushed and diplomacy snatched power and figure along on grounds, where men with prestige from his various masters stouter limbs have hesitated to tread. in succession. Diwan Baij Nath in he a started life under the shadow of Though ripe age possesses heart and the furious whirl the greatness of his father, in young his is almost a whose lifetime he commenced of primal energy legend. training for official life in the office of Major Abbott, Deputy No doubt, Provincial Autonomy Commissioner of Hazara, and was has given a lot of power to the made a Tehsildar one year after popular representatives, but the Mutiny. Four years later he was present policy of the men in power brought to Lahore as an Extra who think in terms of Class-ism and Assistant Commissioner. At the Communalism, in preference to instance of his father Pt. Baij Nath Nationalism, which leads to the resigned but was immediately greatest good of the greatest number, made an Honorary E.A.C. and was has let loose on the Hindus a hoard later on raised to the position of an of intricate problems, which directly 106 PUNJAB'S KM1NKNT :>tence as a mino- theory that he acted when he gave a rity in th<- Punj.ib. Instead of atten- chance tD Sir Sikandar to translate to them and his tall ding collectively trying promises of acting ae i i to find of . for way out the mi Punjabee the goo 1 of have failed rise to tin- they to up Panjabees irrespective of cl i^s, c: occasion and h iv-> shown a c or into action >mplete colour, ; but when he 1 of >liii-j il in ick p shrewdness, not found thit he wis tr< ulin.g on realising fully the <-xtreine delicacy grounds that were quite different of the situation. Torn asunder by from what he hid paint-d before i th>u-rid litl'ei -nces of cult and issumed office, he broke asunder creel and groping in the d irk >! all old ties, stood uiishakini,'! v for account of the al>-<-nce of any ray the Hin l.i cause and threw the of light, thit only united action can membership of the assembly in bring, they are scattered like a pack utter disgust. of card-; on a bridge-table. To bind them together into a homogeneous He lives and moves in an ban is tc be an almost impos- atmosphere th it admits of no senti- sible t isk on account of the in- ments. His statesmanship is not surmountable difficulties that block swayed by any notions of pn-sti-e. the way and consequently the task He sees facts in their naked realit of protecting the Hindu interests Poetic flights into the reilms of falls he i .-ily on the shoulders of a Utopia hold no charms for him and indivi luals whom popular his mercilessly icy contempt for the enthusiasm his never carried off dreamer and the ideilist, who flutter their feet. Kaja Narendra Nath is in the air but seek to solve the one of the unquestioned leaders of problems of this solid earth; is res- this small bind of zealous workers. ponsible in no smill degree for his t alas ! This baad, (o, does not seem pride of will and polite scorn l t i be sufficiently united now. impractical men. the last is During two decades He p.-, hips the most mis- the political atmosphere has under- understood man in the Province. gone violent changes and with it has This is so because Raja Narendra ch mged the creeds and policies of Nath in public, and Raja Narendra men and parties; but Raja Sahib has N ith in private are contlu-ting perso- changed without changing. There nalities. The public at large knows may be a change in his methods but only the former and as such does not the the idea] and goal remains the know him sufficiently well t form a sum-. He his been much criticised correct opinion of him. H is e\ti-i mr for the co-npi-ratioii that he gave to is cold, stiff and sardonic. \\'h<-n tin- I 'nioni'-.t I 'arty and there arc you see him sitting straight and .ho even charge him with hard, you feel that he is making the breach of fiitli, but the cold reason- atmosphere chilly. His well-trim- in", of his, admits of no such chai med and pointed patriarchal b. aid and his now famous theory of "the at once gives the impression of kite with a bunch o| diamonds'' has autocratic masterfulness. He seems not been refuted up to tins time bv toha\eCome from another planet '\en his worst critics. It was on this where he has been living in PUNJAB'S KMINKNT HINDUS 107 isolation, detached from crowds. Narendra Nath belongs to the for- This isolation coupled with his mer category. He does not humour extraordinary self-reliance and self- the mob nor does he acknowledge complacence is misunderstood for its sway. Plis passiveness is miscon- an imperious nature and aristocratic strued as his active defiance of the \\ilfulness. people's will, but he prefers to go all his own way irrespective of what the Democracy dislikes autocrats crowds think of him. and men of inelastic disposition. It wants flexible leadership that is \Vhen pinned to an opinion amenable to the popular will. What- he is immovable as a rock. Do ever the greatest numbers shout whatever you like, he wouldn't be with the greatest noise is the will dislodged from the position that he of the people, and that must lead has taken up. To argue with him is the leaders. They must not speak to argue with a sledge hammer. His but with the voice of the crowd tenacity puts you at your wits ends. and they must not act but with the He is silent and still, but it is the might of the mob. That alone is stillness of a man who never doubts the royal road to popular leader- himself. How can he hold any ship. That is mob mentality and it charm for the crowd ? is on the shoulders of the mob that democracy rests. As long as he remained in- side the he commanded The most successful demo- Assembly the respect of the friend and the cratic leader is he who says what foe alike. Members agreed with him everybody is thinking, without let- and they differed from him but ting anybody know what he himself there was no one who ever with- thinks. No wonder that Sir Radha held the tribute that was by com- Krishnan, the world renowned philo- mon consent due to the Nestor of spher- his been constrained to re- the Whenever he mark in his book "Kalki" that demo- Punjab Assembly. intervened in a debate, the entire cracy is not so much for the good of house was hushed into reverential mankind as it is for the satisfaction silence, for all knew that he would of mankind; and satisfaction is a give food for thought. There was relative term that might mean any- no sentiment, but deep thought in thing or nothing at all. his discourses. He neither argued nor tried to but in With his solitary and self-re- convince, grave tones he his own considered liant mind, Raja Narendra Nath gave cannot be popular with the crowds. thoughts. He relies too much on himself and his own arguments. His extraordi- He is always confident that nary self-confidence places a screen his Ideas are correct and expects you between him and the crowds so that to accept them as such without the one cannot understand the other. much ado. Whenever he wants to He has never appealed to the mob. emphasise any point he gesticulates In it he has no confidence. States- with hi- arms and frail fingers. His men lead but suffer not for heart men, politicians speeches'are meant the ; themselves to be led by them. Raja they are for the head. Pl'SJA:.'-. I-MINKNT HINDI 'S < 1 '.lit in u ite life he i> the thursts that p; t appreciate are given He laughs, IK- cr.i without mahcc and in t^ood faith. ami talks with voluminous Ill- h iti-s nolnidy and j,,\,.-s nobody . for hi-- ility. In the expression uf -imply ns. 1 'ut it is a i--.inli.il, hom-t .UK! frank. pity that only a few men know him Tlir mask of cold i-xt'-riia t'.it In- at clusr quarter-, and hence it is w.-.irs so coinm indingly in the that he is misum: ! and evi-n pub ic is set aside m 1 y . )ii find that mis-judged. l\'emo\e the screen of he is a storr-linusr nf Ljood humour. misunderstanding and he would He would talk anil discuss all sorts emerge out a ^.-ntleman of sterling of things with you. \\'ith an over- worth and unflinching integrity. is i. . which thi- suit of When the history of the 1'unjab a loim and successful official career, politics comes to he written by he wonderful tolerance some future historian the name,,t i that can ai , 1 it.- tlu- point of K'aja Narendra Nath would be view of even those who are poles recorded as one of the most out^tand- asunder to him. Hi- In-. us with ing personalities of the province, good grace the criticism of even uhose honesty, integrity and sinceri- those who are directly under his ty remained unapplaiuled for \\ant sway. They know tint he can of popular adverti-.' m< nt. ' tt THE NEW YORK;. JPUBLJC LIBRARY ASTOB. LENOX l^NU HLOEN D-OtNDAflONS sh N : HINDUS UCr> I 1 y y I I D BLai Pal iiiiinaiid MA- ML. A I 1 L ftcvunanatid. (By Pt. Ram Lai Tara, B.A., LL.B.) Of all the different types of the political arena with glorious courage, the courage to be unpopu- lustre, he too began as an Arya lar is the most rare. Even to Samajist worker. When the Hindus those who renounce riches, career, in South Africa requested Mahatma luxury and all that is dear to man Hans Raj to send them some in- it is difficult to resist the craving spiring Hindu Missionary in order for popularity. On it hum"an nature to organise them and infuse into feeds its vanity. It is the sweet them the spirit of Hindudom, his reward of sacrifice and inpetus unerring eye fell on Bhai Parma- that urges man to action. Its love nand. who was at that time work- is the weakness of the great and ing as a Professor in the D. A. V. ' the ambition of those who other- College, Lahore. None except wise become unambitious. The re- Bhai Permanand can do this " nunciation of popularity in order work remarked the Mahatma in a to court unpopularity, therefore, is meeting of the College staff and the noblest sacrifice that" one can the latter agreed to go abroad in make for a cause and judged by deference to his chief's wishes. this standard, Bhai Parmanand He had by this time built a repu- stands as a class in himself. Shaken, tation for himself as a man with a broken but unbeaten, when he mission and possessed of considerable emerged out from behind the bars historical knowledge, by the publi- of the Andaman jail, a thin, lean, cation of his History of India, in tottering figure, almost a bundle of which he exploded many a historical bones, through the intervention of myth that had been bluing the that angel amongst Englishmen, the vision of the students of History. late Rev. C. F. Andrews; he found He visited East Africa and South the country quite different from one Africa enfolding the beauties of that he had left behind when he Hinduism and carrying the message was sentenced to death, a sentence of hope from house to house. As a that was later on commuted to result of his mission, there was a that of life imprisonment in the considerable awakening amongst Lahore Conspiracy Case as a rebel, the Hindus. In South Africa he a leader of soditionist group who came in touch with Mahatma had conspired to overthrow HJB Gandhi and stayed with him as his Majesty's Government in India as guest for some weeks. law established. by From thence he was called to England by L. Lajpat Rai but Like a number of his other con- L. Rajpat Rai had left by the time temporaries who later on shone in he arrived in England. 110 ITS-JAM'S F.SMIKNT IIINIH> I >;i :.i return to 1- ili<.n- he had also got sufficient training in i:n,- tin.- eentie of public inter, ^t Pharmaceutical work, h ul by this -i .nit dl i sens iti.in.il .irch time returned to Lahore and started nt his house by the l'nn].il) Police manufacturing chemicals and dm^s during which, it is a lie .ni-- on a small scale. Hut e\.-n in this incriminating do-unn nts \\cn- dis- innocent occupation the bureaucracy rcd. Th-ie.il thing \v;is that smelt rats. "They say that he is his house was occupied in his manufacturing drugs; but ' 1 :i Aiuli.i 1 ii sh ul .in.l nthrrs, ing in reality' remarked Sir Micheal who \\ere siisp.rt-d .(' plotting a O'Dwyer, one of the most reaction- lution. The secret leaked out ary Lieut.-Governors that tliis un- and they having got a scrnt of this fortunate Province has ever had; di> ipp ired, leas HP.' the uoors of talking about I'.hai 1'armanand t.. his house locked. Hhai Ji who \\as Hon'ble KM',. L. Ram Saran 1>. ignorant of all this came back and a noted* member of the Punjab unsuspectingly occupied this house. Council in those ill-fated day , He was arrested, tried and called upon to furnish security for good Along with the large scale arrests behaviour for a period of three of those who had arrived from years. America, Hhai Ji too was clapped behind the prison bars, as an active In order to save those who hail member of the < ihaddar Party, the stood as sureti.-s for him, from un- object of which was to up-et His and in necessary anxiety tiarrasment ; Majesty's Government India by of he resolved once a^ain to L;,> abioi.l means revolutionary methods. for tin- peiiod. He visited Trinidad, Defence of India Act was enacted to and I'ntish (iuiana in South arrest him. After a prolon-e.l trial, America, again carrying the message during which his History of India o| Hindutva which s\a; tlv In*- of was adduced in evidence to show Ins blood. L. Hardiyal was living his "revolutionary" spirit and ten- i recluse in til- Fiench Colony dencies, I'.hai Parmanand uas o| Moitnii|iie, to which place Hhai along with some others sentenced Ji \\ended his way on lecejving a to death for "waging uar against Hies LgC I I oil) t he '.Meat aild IIP, t. the King". This uas later on riou 1, ila. To be in touch \v ith changed into a life sentence and he him was to incur the lire and sirpi- uas transported to . \ndam.nis. i ion o| ihe bureaucracy in India. about the hardships of which he lludayal later on became the gives a vivid and h irt-lu '-.iking founder of the (ihaddar I'arly in picture in his b ok entitled "My lite Ani'-ric.i which sent thon mds of stoiy". The miseries of the Jail Sikhs and others to India on the life there, proved unbearable to him out break of the last World War in and he resolved to end his life by . udei ,111 alleged, to create a p-vo- going on a hunger-strike. Hut his 111 the I lution country. '.hai |i, who case was represented to the (iovern- 1 ' 'blillied ) I had the cusi'ted I ictorale ment by Rev. ('. '. Andrews, as 1 r.f I .ycholoi'y t loin an Ann'i i. >n jeteired to above, who convinced f dm me, his st.r, th. re, and his innocence, fought hard for him. ITNJAB'S KMINKNT HINDUS 111 He met the new Governor of the capture the imagination of the Punjab and was ultimately success- people that wherever he went he ful in obtaining his release. was greeted and accepted as the embodiment of India's aspirations In his absence the situation had and a symbol of its untold suffer- changed. Glittering with the laurels ings. Countless stories of his mystic that he had won, as the leader of powers and super-human resources the Satyagraha movement in South circulated amongst the uneducated Africa, which had brought General and the illiterate had strengthened Smuts to his knees and forced him the confidence of the masses in him. to become a party to the now- They had discovered their guide, famous Gandhi-Smuts agreement; friend and philosopher. Immense Mahatma Gandhi had returned to was his hold on them. "Fill the Jails" his Motherland with a reputation cried he and the old and young vied that had preceded him to the with one another in becoming 'His shores of India, the teeming millions Majesty's guests'. England stood of which, hungry for a dynamic aghast. India was electrified with leadership, begin in a short time, expectancy. Behind him was the to look this force of the entire upto mysterious mystic country ; before for redemption and deliverance. him was the might of the British The Anti-Rowlatt Act agitation, Empire and exalted was the goal which culminated in the Jallianwala that he had to attain. Great though had about the Bagh massacre, brought he was ; magnitude of his task in the country a wide political made his step falter. To make his awakening and the masses whose sure hold on the masses of India fond hopes of political advancement doubly sure, he yoked the question aroused as a result of the high- of Khilafat a purely religious pro- sounding declarations of the British blem of the Muslims which had Statesmen, promising them equality nothing to do with the politics of and freedom, had been dashed to India to the questions of India's the ground by the policy of repres- political emancipation and made sion, that synchronised with the Hindu-Muslim unity a sine qua non successful termination of the World of the attainment of these goals. with War ; were simmering discon- tent and disappointment. A shrewd Swift as a hawk the Bureaucracy politician and a skilful agitator pounced upon their opportunity and that he was, Mahatma Gandhi see- took the fullest advantage of this ing his opportunity and taking time false move. Fanatical flames were by the forelock, with one bold stride fanned, the Khilafat question was became the central figure of political settled and Muslims were weaned India. He gave up his clothes as a away from the National movement. mark of sympathy for the poor of Hindu-Muslim unity vanished into the country, and preached the thin air. There were communal doctrine of Aliimsa, self-renunciation riots throughout the country. Un- and self-suffering. All this was told atrocities were perpetrated on novel to the masses. They were in the Hindus and diabolical were the need of a deliverer and they thought deeds committed by the fanatics. he had come. So completely did he The Hindus were disgraced, looted ITSJAl'.'S I.M1NKNT HINDUS ; I "this killed. i "I ill" cried he, pmri ssion of ' to :i .ill this \\ith a ston<--h'-a: I [lowed pr<.ccfd no - indifference and pathetic helpless- further". And meixile-siy ( lid h L It did nut lift Its little III : tear the cloaks of sham and pn-M-nt- l.-st it e.l the true facts in their naked to ht.-lp the aggrieved Hindus He minced no niattt-is but : .rnmunal body. And reality. a dauntless cha: . Id insult to injury their Hoards with courage bearei of Knquiry made v. ::,< -\\.eshing the triumphant standard 1>1 1'st-udo-nationalism \\ith the report, holding the grue- witli some ciime of Hindutva i the M"d thirsty carrying 'I illy g ulty to P uing its meaning- bound hand and foot in order of false o|" Hindu-Muslim unity. itice it at the altar gods. tin- of a few He a gainst \\'iiy should Mood indignantly protested of a the Hindus made goats I Indus and th dishonour being scape few women be allowed to stand in in this inglorious manner. march w iv of the glorious That was the turning point in his of the t. -wards the Temple Liberty, life. There wi re two roads open be- ' prog which was expected to fore him. On one side there were it" was called a retard. -d, spade cheers of the crowds, triumphant pro- blew and do and so the tempest cessions, cries of "Jai" and the joys all such the ti !< rose submerging of popularity, but in return forall this tiny considerations. he had to kill his conscience, : his tongue and witness the treac! Hlui Parai.mmd - it all. ous betrayal of the Hindus umno\- ( )n hi- release In- liad found the ed and unaffected. On the others in full uoii->:"op. -ration movement hand there were hisses, tears, un- ( )n th advice of Mahatma ng. abuses and all that h.\v h- took over the charge of popularity, :dhi, of Hinduism entailed at that time. National education in the Punjab, The choice was between of popular .in 1 worked as t'hancellor Kaumi- lership and the thorny path of in an honorary capacity \'idyapith supreme sacrifice. True to the f..r more th in 5 yar . 1 low could traditions of his family and loyal to In- in v. ins r in the blood of the faith of his fon-f ithers, he re- Hliai \loti Dass, the hero who w is nunciated a brilliant but political cut l)it by bit and limb by limb; unquestioned leai lei -hip of the ,li,l not renounce Ilindaism, bear Punjab and an alluring future, lie tin- ighl of Hindutva being sicrilic- chose the pith ol -ufferin^. sj^h- d it th" altar of Pseudo-Nati >nal- and sibilan {,< th" isiu. 1 ! H is t..uch'-d quick of the fon'- S and 111-- bl. .-..I of tin: j;l"iious The cumulated fury burst on his martyi b..il--l within him. I !< did of Psi-udo-nati.'iialism with a violent ciash. \\ h-> not c in- t< .1 !n bi..ki-n he ilth, did head a CI . disr.irdant : to raise 'X not w ut t . have his ued was he of the i entire bat lik<- llie i. >u I'-him while the leadeiship re p.t'- ; L;!OI with one voice ol 1 ind was shouting w..o iiad f t. e I tli" n in- w iters ' ' ' ' ' u lul "'' t" tl" '" tii.- Ga n victory unr- 1 t . differ from the ii 1 dan- h" leapt I'orw.ud, MM [e and all he ,lve "f -i nation? (.'rush him. alone ind si ; foot at the : him for hi-, unforgivable . lo-N itionalism, Punish ITNJAB'S KMINI-NT HINDUS 113 insolence. Grind him down with others realised the truth and nobili- everlasting infamy, so that his ty of his mission. They came and example might create awe into the joined him repeating his slogans. hearts of others who did not see eye The movement of Hindu Mahasabha to eye with the custodians of the gathered great momentum and even so-called nationalism. That was eclipsed the so-called National orga- the demand. But little did they nisations. That was a tribute to know the man they had to deal with the foresight and wisdom of one and the mettle of which he was who had stood like a rock amidst a made. It is easier to move the hundred tornadoes of Pseudo-nation- Himalaya from its base, than to alism when scores of others even make Bhai Parmanand budge more eminent than him, had given from the resolve that he makes. way before their furious gusts. covered They hurled insults at him, But soon the situation changed. un- him with abuse and used every An All-white Commission set up by which dis- dignified contrivance to the late Earl of Birkenhead, the then to intimidate appointed mobs resort Secretary of State for India produc- with those who do not fall into line ed a commotion throughout the and them. He remained unmoved lengths and breadths of the country all such unaffected and treated and a wave of resentment submerg- the de- moves with contempt they ed all. To add insult to injury the served. Countless were the stories noble Earl challenged India to circulated to discredit him in the formulate a united demand. Touch- but he hurled eyes of the people, ed to the quick and in order to give lowered defiance at all those who a united reply to the British Bureau- such base themselves to designs. cracy, a movement for formulating mad. Yes he was He was called a Constitution having the backing love of Hindutva mad, mad with the of all the different shades of opinion and mad for the uplift of Hinduism. in the country was started and one an Unless one becomes mad with by one all those who had come to the idea, it is impossible to attain his side drifted away from him, Bhai ideal. And mad indeed was being carried of their feet by the at the treacher- I'armanand, mad flood of public opinion. But like ous betrayal of the Hindus. Little the Polar star he alone stood cons- care for the and hisses did he jeers tant, while stars of even greater of the crowd. He lifted the banner lustre changed their course and and of Hindutva unruffled unaffected there he stands up to this day un- storms that burst him. by the upon moved and unchanged, an inspiring Against his panoplied self-compla- example of constancy and steadfast- lance of abuse broke in cency the ness. There is hardly another vain. leader in the country who can All alone had he lifted the compare with him in unshakable and banner of revolt, but as sanity dawn- unflinching devotion to a cause with ed and the things began to reveal such unwavering tenacity. And themselves in their naked realities, after all this is an undoubted source such eminent personalities as Pandit of consolation and happiness for Madan Mohan Malviya, L. Lajpat him to see that the new theories of Rai, Swami Shraddhanand, Dr. the Muslim League have helped to Moonje, Mr. Jaykar and a host of disillusion the Congress leaders 114 FL'SJAI 'S KNMNKM HINIH'S ht home to them the and obstinacy. !!. possesses the - fall icy f gaini ly fixity of a fanatic and the sombre ii- of th. ci-di .f I Iiiiilii M u-lim unity. nzy Dai (f the Dt-M 1 1. I'ut his faith is m-ithcr blind nor 1 un.iss< rtive devoid of tor '((demonstrative, and reason ; he pos unaL'^ri-si\ e, he ;it the first si^lit \<-iy analytic.'.! mind that .Jeep imp; "f an down btdow the surf. '' ; .ill i : . cly oidin.iry ma int- pros and cona of probl \vith no ! and arrives at conclusion-- 'ji'id ; 1:1 Ins hou -- 11!) thf S ish M.ihal sentini'-nt. His mind is guileless K" id "ii an uncovered chai; b>it s'l.up and shiv.vd so that he can't bi-ar cantor bi-kin in the winter mid-d.iy sun ; any hypocr an unassuming,' figure <>f extra-ordi- ! 'aKity withers in his presence. n.uy simplicity and renunciation. He 1'lain. hoiif-t and blunt, he does not hi-; tin- helling of a weary man hesitate to call spade a sp i,!f. No ' r ti --d ! with life but considerations of or and a; ; propriety polite- the latent lihtnin^ that tinkers ness stand in his way of stating i in b'-hind th'- ..'ly lustreless plain truths plain outspoken to and the of his , which Hash--- purpose, language; courage ils the mast'-r miad th it lurks c mviction makes him speak out is in his mind without hi-hind an I un-impressive whatever any 'xterior. D.-tiiat an 1 irr^oncil- hesitation or reserve. Accommod it- is ibl'- Ii'- tl in-, up at th m ire i lea of ing to the extreme, he uncompro- low-lint; the: powr and prestige of mising and unbendable on Hindu-, and a-_; linst \viiich he lias without pain and without regret. i n-l'-ntlcss \\-. ( r i;iviii_j and ICven the smallest tiling thit c'ashes c\-.-n with his is receiving no i|u uter, opposed fundamental principles i i ; t dii-d to l>y t'i' f .r wli h suilicient make him part company i his His md :ri!icc I hi^ all ; hi- in id<- him with closest co-workers. Illuming figure of unrest vtreine touchiness in this respect oil indignation. llin -\\\\\ and is often mist ik:-n, by UM-'- who h ive, no oth.-r d iMiii'- In is the n<>t studied him from close q rirtem 1 ick of of I .f his life, md h'- Iris liurnt for intolerance and spirit all to do and dii- for the co-op'-ratioii. ("all it what y >u wili, holy i i \Vhcth'-r a tiling is on the questions of principles which his 1 for th I lindus as such, he has evolved reg irdiir.; conduct he "tils- touch-stoiii; on which he so far as hi mi sion "f I lindu K--- v is il a. id In- is he is uncom- t<-st evei pr. ip. re I'-rts naissance conccrni-d, i : h it 'sit acc-iidiiiL' to t hat test promising and defiant. He < of o\\n ne. No ith'-r ci >ns i l>-i .1 '.' ^ns and moves in a world his , I Iin : wh- aiH:hiii" d'-votioii to tin- no coiisidi-rations of fX[)edi<'iicy of cnuv: that h.- h,,lds BO d>ar ;ind ever p'-i'ii.ide him to emerge out win!'-. It is. there- fi.iin which n 1 viatioii, it even for a short it \vitb him he i .ften mistaken for stubbornness fore, that you agree PUNJAB'S EMINKNT HINUDS 115 goes down like milk; but if you dis- He entertains feeling of just griev- themselves agree, the ginger is gloriously hot in ance against the Hindus the mouth. It is rather difficult to for whose sake he has sacrificed so know him with a superficial study much and at whose hands he has with which he appears to be a man suii'ered the most. Probably from of moods. Sometimes all smiles no quarter has opposition to him and tolerance at others sh< rt-temper- been so stubborn as from these ed, rigid and extremely difficult to ignorant people, whose idealism and deal with, but below these seemingly sentimentalism blind their vision different qualities expressing hetero- and blur their gaze, so that instead geneousness run under-currents of of facing realities and coming to Inrmony, that ensure plain sailing grips with hard facts, they prefer to even amongst a thousand tempests grope in the dark aiming at ideals and hundreds of storms. and perspiring for the unachievable. Their idealistic tendencies and weak- Those who have the privilege to ness to appear just, make them un- know him from the very beginning just to those who serve them. tell that a distinct change has come They would suspect and kick at ever him since his incarceration, those whose hearts are full of before which he was extremely affection for them and who are and tolerant. Full to die for their cause but courteous, polite ready ; of jokes and joy his hilarity was a would hug those to their breasts in great attraction for his friends who all confidence and trust, who have Hocked to him for fun and joviality. daggers concealed under their sleeves, They even say that when he return- to plunge at their hearts at the first ed from the Andamans he warned opportunity. This perverted menta- his friends of the change that had lity which they seek to hide behind come over him. It may be, that the high-sounding shibboleths and elusive hardships that he had to undergo axioms threatens to be a fatal im- there, the vicissitudes through which pediment in the way ot their eman- he had to pass and the untold suffer- cipation, an object for which Bhai Ji ings of a devoted wife who in his has worked and lived. And it is absence was deserted by even his this that fills him with disappoint- best friends and left destitute in the ment and distrust which give to him arms of fate, to live or die unaided an aloof bearing; but behind an and have made a exterior neglected ; might outwardly cold there lies an on and shaken heart deep impression him, extremely human ; throbbing his trust and faith in human nature, with loftiest emotions. as he revealed in his touching letter Devotedly loved by his friends to her, which she received shortly and strongly hated by his enemies, before her death. Rut whatever be he has been a much discussed man the cause, one cannot fail to dstoct with^ a number of controversies a subtle of aloofness about around him but after bearing raging ; long him, which makes him keep'detached these currents and cross-currents from the rest of the world and with which the path of a public man there always lurks a subdued of eminence is always beset, are put feeling of disappointment that at rest with the passing of time; will damps the atmosphere, even inspite the name of Bhai Parmanand be of the fiery enthusiasm for the Hindu remembered and revered as the cause, with which he permeates it. Father of Hindu Renaissance. . . 31am Swcan (By Mr P 1). Saggi, BA (Hons.) Lahore) Unassuming in manner*, simple perties of the late Diwan were con- ' in >: in his talk, the fiscated and the surviving members Hon'ble Ki Bahidur L:il:i Kim of his family were ordered to he mas- 1. :i 1) i-. C. !- . L i>ler uf the sacred. His m iternal grandfather Opposition in the Council of State, secretly carried away the bibv - is one of the most notible perso- Dhanpat Kai from Lahore to n ilities <>f this province. He is Batala, where he nourished him in liked by persons of all com- obscurity at great personal risk. munities for he is sincere, hospit- Diwan Dhanpat Rai had to lead able and full of human sympathy his entire life in comparative poverty, for his fellow-beings. but he was a contented fellow and had full faith in the dictates of Born in Lahore on the 26th Nature. He married in a res- N .ember, 1876, L. Kam Saran Das pectable khattriya family and had b -longs to a family which attained two sons Lala Kam Dyal, 1. a distinction in the d ivs before in 1817 and Lala Mela Kam, horn the Punjab c.ime under tin- rule of in 1832. The return of the fortunes Mali UMJ i Kanjit Sinuh. I (is great and prestige of the family was mainly 1-t ith'-r, Diwan Das M.il, who due to his younger son, Mela Kam, Hoim-hed from 1747 to 17'iS was a during whose lite-time the Punjab ini.in i'-r o| tin- Artillery under pissed from the domain of the Bhattis. The / un.:.im.i, a his- Khalsa to that of the British. L ila 1'irical cannon on the Lower Mall, M- la Kam had the adaptability and was then under his command. Hi s courage to take advantage of the personal qualities of mind and body changed circumstances which he helped him to achie-e various turned to his favour. distinctions which brought him II' ; irted life a ll i. sp'-ct in ttie St. He. The as contractor iJiuui !' hid one son, Di\\an Dhanp.it l\ai, rity and hard work r< I ;he top his Ir '[ .1 111 1 7 of profession. The zeal and energy uhich he po^-e--ed in an ' Two ye irs 1 iter, I hw.in I i abundant measure, coupled with hh Mai died. Shortly after his death, earnest desire to rcviv the old Maharaji Kanjil SIIIL;|I marched on glories of his once magnificient La! -id attained the SOV6I family, endeared him to his o|)u IlltV of U:e 1'lin |.ll|. I II the ch LI colleagues and subordin > lie that followed, all the took the entire contracts of the 1TNJ VR'S KMIM'.N I" HINIH" f in. I .m. 1C n mlll=30(IC=300C=300C=S>OOC300C300C3000tOC| I I I B I The Hon'hle R.B. Lala Ram Saran Dass. ( '.I.E., M C.S. y r Ml > LIB . Llf . T1L1" PUNJAB'S EMINKNT HINUDS 117 Amritsar Pathankote Railway, in- Sanskrit and History. In 1896, cluding iron-work, sleepers, and when his uncle died he had to masonry, which he finished with his discontinue his studies without characteristic energy well within the taking a degree. His tutors were contracted time. The Government unwilling to part with him, for he was much pleased at his resource- was a sober and thoughtful boy fulness and granted him a special with inclinations towards deep study reward of Rs. 50,000/- for this per- of various subjects. But there was formance. In February 1869, he no alternative. He was then the attained the distinction of being only male member of the " " family appointed a Darbari and seven- and it was necessary for him to teen years later was honoured with devote all his attention towards the : ' the title of Rai Bahadur." management of his father's vast Whereas his income was enormous, estates, contracts and zamindari. his charities were no less: roughly Therefore, at a very young estimated, these amounted to a age, Lala Ram Saran Das had million of rupees. He built to shoulder heavy responsibilities. a magnificient tank near the But he gave a good account of Lahore Railway Station and sunk himself by devoting his entire time, many wells in different towns attention and energies towards the of this province. A hostel to feed the self-imposed task and the results poor and a shop to distribute free were marvellous. Very soon he rlour to the beggars were started by acquired a deep insight into business him at Lahore. His donations affairs and with the help of his vast to public institutions under Govern- resources coupled with his own skill ment control were Rs. 24,000 - to and industry, he started the first Delhi Hospital (1864), Rs. 15,000,'- Spinning and Weaving mill in this to Central Training College, Lahore province. This mill was formally (1886) and Rs. 15,000/- to the Lady opened in 1897 by Sir Dennis Dufferin Hospital for Women Fitzpatric, the then Lieutenant Go- (1886). Rai Bahadur Lala Mela vernor of the Punjab, and is today Ram enjoyed great social distinc- employing more than one thousand tions at the hands of all, and even hands. It would be interesting to the Rajas and Maharajas of mention here that at one time, various Indian States showed him Rai Bahadur Lala Ram Saran Das great courtesy and attention at himself worked in this mill as their Durbars. He died on the a Dispatcher, Correspondence-Clerk 10th of April 1890, leaving behind and Accountant. Besides, he gained him two minor sons, the elder being practical experience as a Mecha- Lala Ram Saran Das. nical and Civil Engineer and is now considered to be a good Engineer. Thus at the age of 14, the young Not only that. He did everything boy was deprived of the blessings to extend his business in various of his father. At that time he was ways. Once he undertook large studying in the Central Model contracts for the construction of a School. After matriculating in 1897, Division of the Nagda-Mathura he joined the Government College, Railway where he was employing Lahore, where he took Science, about 12,000 men at a time. 118 '.MS'ENT HIV lil'.v iv li:i<"- .in 1 humbl'- a id -ntle after thank- ; and m i h ive b the ele he tidings ing ly \ known : rd their inter M > re. K. li. M-i i K i:n & S m>>, and there is i-o d >ubt that In- lias Lah : been true to his professions. Hi~> bra\e and fV-irh-ss ad\' >:acy of India's cause, the last six Alone; with his vast b durint; yeir-. i^ !, cier of the Opp'jsi;- activities :in 1 commercial enterpri- in the Counci' has broiu-ht h" has ihvivs li'-i-ii takii -, 1:1 from all i and active interest in public " r His have life. At the age 12, h <|uarters. speeches i b--.--n re ^ irded as iis..-ful nominateil i member of the District ^'n'-raily '> contribution towards I nd i r.l, Lahore and held tint "'lice ; for no !!' gress on constitutional ines. < ke 1 is i M'lnkip il )ommissii for about 18 In 1009, the Several years atjo, the l\ " " is '" 1 '; title ,.f R-ii Sahib w mferre II' m'ble 1 . 5il '! !ur Si he on him and th paid a flyiiiL; visit to Lahore, i In he ime Rii IVihadur. 1014. a <.". ^ption held in his hon ' 1 : was awarded the Kaiser-i-H bv th" ib Literary I . <", . 1 1 M,-d il and in 10ir> Sii (\ >\ul Chand Nanng, in wel- " " honourr-d with the C. I. K T coming the distilTj rs later, under the Monf rem irl 1 that Sir T--j was i m< ' 4 R.- was e]e -t -.1 to the those few eminent Indians who ' i "" I 'unj ib L C mcil, at once trust d bv th'- Go : ' \ then md d d and respecte 1 bv th-- IN:' ' If- [ 1 i fine d.oubt, li ly 1 rted b\- f < it Rai 1'ahadur K'am Saran Pi IMS ' figures, in everv session and without any n itii in. He : vi' t!l due atl ll- jreat n-eo^:iiti..n at ' all conc'-rn I. hand- by of the ] After inheri'in 't in Purl It was in 1 he ittend' d L. -id I Igin's Pin li H ' : !'. diadnr nine into Hrne- bv li'- d in L ih.ir.-. I b- \- < iovern- . . , , his electi n to tl Ci -uncil of I i i- State. Only one ia1 I )urb ir at the I lurbar h- Id to the Ilinlus of this province by II. R II. ' Prince of V. ' ' there were even m<>r<' candid I . diore in invitt-d in the field, including the late I.ih n'lv t.. atiend tlv ' II nki-hen L.I!. It v. i' re:il|y n fi'jht of their M in I .oiidon and li.-t v.-ef-n )v. , , "j.u t M rid L.I l.i Kain was the L;U'-S( of th" I'liitish (iovern- MI 1 >.is surprised !u^ fri-'ii Ifl and ment there. In l'"iiii '. nomi- 'm" sini.de-h uul-fl nated a member of the ( 'ommittee 1 i . . more vo , than all tic i,f his of M 1'iaL'einent, Ciovt. . ( tions in ince. I '-ut it the iovei niin nt :ip]-. linti-d him as m ide tlv K li I ! ill idar ill th'- |"int-Secn-t.ity "t the K nvn N'.illey PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINUDS 119 Earthquake Relief Work, and he Government Development Board; rend- Cotton Milk justified his appointment by Director, Sutlej Co., ering very valuible services to the Ltd., and last though not the least, the at 'nuch Chairman of the of India helples.-: and needy Sunlight personal sacrifice. In 1906, the Rai Insurance Co., Ltd., Lahore. Bahadur was exempted from the In U. P. he civic operations of the Indian Arms Act was given a a distinction which the Government address and was entertained by the bestows upon few subjects. In 1933 Municipal Board of Cawnpore as he was the Northern India Chamber well as of Lucknow. This goes of Commerce delegate to the London to show his popularity in other Session of the Federated Chambers provinces as well. He has served on of the British Empire. He was various Standing and Select Com- also a Government delegate to the mittees during the last 30 years in Reserve Bank Committee which the Provincial as well as in the met in London and in 1937 was a Central Legislatures. delegate to the Empire Parliamen- tary Conference held in London. The most outstanding thing about the Rai Bahadur is his re- ligious bent of mind. Even from As his public life, he is regards his boyhood he was fond of religious with all communi- equally popular studies. Generally people turn to ties. societies and organisa- Many religious performances in order to tions have honoured him with offices. better their material prospects or is Sanatan He President, Punjab to overcome some difficult!' s and Dharma Pratinidhi Sabha; General misfortunes It is really a sight to President of the Sanatan Dharma see this multi-millionaire (who can C> ! leqe Managing Committee; Pre- and easily command all the comforts All-India Khatri Sabha: and sident, luxuries of life with the help of his a big landlord himself is a being great wealth) devoting each morning member of All-India prominent several hours to religious perfor- Holders Association. Land mances. Even his heavy business responsibilities and public engage- in his He In business life of this pruvince, his ments cannot stand way. his name is held in the highest esteem. must always begin daily pro- He is also a He is Director, Imperial Bank of gramme after prayers. of various India; Chairman, Advisory Com- great student religions, mittee of the Central Bank of India and has studied thoroughly the sacred the Hindus. He that Ltd., (Punjab Branches): Chairman, books of says Indian Institute of Bankers (Pb. he has also read with much devotion books of the Branch); Vice-Chairman, British and profit the Holy Sikhs and other India Corporation Limited, Cawn- Musdims, the That to be the pore; Director, The Indian Trans- religions appears his non-com- Continental Airways Ltd, Ex- main cause of has Chairman, Northern India Cham- munal tendencies. He respect or ber of Commerce; Vice-Chairman, for all religions and hatred preju- Gwaliar State Economic Board of dice for none. So people of all him Development; Member, Punjab communities like equally. 120 PUNJAB'S I.MINENT up.: During conversation with him, one otht r-.'." >uch. appears t<> be the case can easily have an ide;i of his deep of the Kai Bahadur who must ha\.- scholarship and wide learning in undoubtedly spent a lot of money m;r us. It may be men- and time in travels whicli have in "d here that the Kai Bahadur turn made him so rich in experience appe irs to have no liking for books and thought. un poetry, drai vel, fiction or hort-story, though he is a great Deep religious studies have made admirer ot Indian Music, Painting him thoughtful, sober and un-emo- and ai.cu-nt Architecture. ti'iiil. He can sit for hours to- gether in meditation. Yet he is Th-- K.ii Bahadur is also a much- very active and .ilert in his business tr, ivelled gentleman. He has tra- and public life. In business he is velled throughout India, Dutch Et-t accurate like a mathematician, and Indies, Jaw.i, Bali, Malaya, Siam, lar ighted like British Traders. Indo-Chma, Burma, Ceylon, Egypt Even the minutest details, in IK. me, and has also visited every country office, or factory receive his care- of Europe, except Russia, Sweden, ful attention. Having imbibed the Denmark and Spain. It may be true spirit of religion, he would mentioned to his credit that through- never injure the feelings of anybody. out his wide travels in the East and Even with his domestic servants, West, he retained his usual Indian he behaves cordially and is I.,. dress, which was greatly adinired and respected by them rather thin both at home and abroad. He says feared as a mantel. He likes c< nut that sight-seeing is his hobby and but hates luxuries and has a liv th.it made him travel so much. sense of humour. I le is a great philan- I Hiring his visit to Europe he thropist and his diaiiti- 3 KCeed on, to to the North million which have been aid managed go Cape, rupees j saw there the mid-night sun, snow to various educational institutions, even on sea level and the highest hospitals and other public bodi.-~ glacier of Europe. In one of the He is very tmid of children and plays of Shakespeare, a character finds delight in doing himself says: ''I have sold my lands to see childish things before them. 1 ' " i( .C3..C3..-C3: i S .v.iiin R .1:11 1 ii jili. M. A IV,, c Suiami fRam Swath. (By Pt. Kam L.al Tara. B.A., LL.B.) In the year 1873, on the Diuali spiritual bent of mind which later day, when the little village of flooded the world with the light of Minariwala in the District of \\danta. He was a lovely child, Gujranwala, was illuminated and and became the pet of the whole Hart liha^uts were chanting devo- village. After passing his primary tional hymns to the accompaniment examination from the village school, of ringing bells and chinking he was placed at Gujranwala, under cymbals, a son was born to Gosain the care of Bhagat Dhanna Ram, a Hiranand. The child came into this friend of Gosain Hiranand, his world crying, as is the case with all father. Bhagat Dhanna Ram dis- new-borns, but as soon as the sound covered in the son of his friend, a of the chinking cymbals and bhajans child with an extremely religious of the devotees caught his ears, he bent of mind and he could easily see suddenly stopped crying. This upset that from him the world would the mother as well as the nurse and receive light. He, therefore, gradu- they exchanged looks of anxiety. ally fanned the fire of devotion in The nurse nervously examined the him along with his educational child; but found that he was quite studies and moulded him for the alright. He seemed to be listening great work that he was to do after- to the devotees' songs with great wards. Tirath Ram was greatly attention. When the nurse went devoted to Bhagat Ji to whom he away, an elderly lady who was looked upon as his spiritual guru. present, alarmed at this sign of Bhagat Dhanna Ram looked after preocociousness on the part of the the child with great affection and new babe, had chillies waved around interest. his head and thrown into the sacred In fire, in order to keep away the evil April 1888, Tirath Ram pass- eye. ed his entrance examination from Gujranwala, standing 38th in the The child continued to pay the list of the successful candidates. same attention to the hymns chant- He was greatly disappointed with ed every evening at the temple. this result as he had all along been When he was about 6 months old, a brilliant student and his teachers he used to begin crying as soon as expected a much better position for the devotion began. He would not him. The major portion of his stop till his father took him to the time was always devoted to religious temple. These were the early signs studies and devotion and as the boy of Tirath Ram's devotional and had a greater leaning towards his I2J KMINF.NT HlNl'KS this a spiritual pur-.uits; interfered pass his B.A. in his Hrst attempt; 1 with his educati the reason being that he paid more studies. This \\as the reason why attention tu the devotional side. he did n<>t come upto the expecta- tions of his teachers. While he \\ ith a bundle of books he used to out of wis still a student, he was married go Lahore, cross the river Ravi and at Yeroke in a well-known Rrahmin go to the other side where there was silence and family. peace. There he forgot his books, forgot his com- In May 1888, he Ml for Lahore ing examination, forgot himself and in devotional and joined the Forman Christian indulged pursuits. Once a when he was College. His father being a poor upon time, stud\ and was man could not afford to give him ing absoibed in his books, clouds in the much financial help, so Swami Ram gathered horizon, and it to ram. Tirath (as Tirath Ham was called began Ram Tirath looked the black later) had to lead a life of extreme upon clouds and at once the idea of the black poverty. He rented a Chaitbara in col< ur of Lord Krishna Hashed his \Y achhowali on a rent of Re. l/- upon mind. He looked the p.m. His Guru, Bhagat Dhanna upon raining clouds and Ram, with whom he maintained a raising both his hands up, cried: Lord very close contact used to help him "Omy beloved, Thou hast with a small monthly allowance. Krishna, to-day manifes- ted in this Swami Ram Tirath worked hard and Thyself black colour. O ! come to beloved ! I passed his F. A. Examination with me, my want to embrace Thee. art no threat merit. His love for \Yhy Thou at such a dis- religious studies and devotion re- keeping Thy-elf great tance from who is de- mained unabated and he passed me, devoutly voted to these most of his time in meditation. His Thee." With words he to and tears parents wanted him to give up his began weep began to rush down his cheeks. He was studies and join some service so that in a state of and lost himself he might he able to maintain his ecstasy in bliss. When he woke up, he \\as own family ; but Swamiji was great- drenched, his books were d and ly devoted to his educational pur- spoil, the clouds had II.- suits and decided to continue his disappeared. ha 1 be.-n in this state for hours studies. HI- worke.l hard and in lying order to make b^th ends meet he together. !>" m to coach his fellow-students One day when he was reaming in Mathematics. His frail body by the side of the Ravi, with could not withstand such severe his books under his aims, he found c triin and his health broke down. a cobra barring his way. "Omy In his lctt.-rs to Hhagat I>hanna Lord, Thou hast come at last. 1 Ram, his Guru, he constantly com- welcome Thee < \en in this shape. plains of his bad health, but the Come ! so that I might embrace Guru encouraged him in his enter- Thee", and with outstretched arms prize and thus proved a source of he ran towards the cobra, but no inspiration to him not only in sooner had he gone a pace or two spiritual pursuits but in his worldly than he stumbled and fell in a state activities too. He was unable to of ecstasy. No wonder that in this PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 123 state of mind, Swami Ram Tirath of all his efforts. This deep devo- could not pay much attention to his tion made a great impression on his studies. So he could not get through hearers who could discover in him a his B.A. examination, which was a light that was destined to illuminate matter of great disappointment both the whole world. Nothing except to his parents and to his teachers. devotion attracted his attention. In December 1893, when Dada- He was, however, a man of great bhoy Noroji, came to preside at the determination and in spite of all (he Annual Session of the Indian handicaps, that were in his way, he National Congress at Lahore, he continued his studies, facing " many his writes to Guru thus : A royal difficulties. In a letter to his Guru, ' has been to Dada- I of reception given he writes : To-day am out bhoy Noroji. People are mad pocket entirely. I have no money with delight. They shout and to buy either a candle or some oil. dance with joy, but all this affects I get out of my house and study by me not. I have even heard his the lamp post of the Municipality. learned lectures. He sweeps his Do not think, O Guru, that this audiences off their feet, and they clap state of affairs unnerves me or with enthusiasm. I alone remain makes me sad. I am to bow happy unaffected." The Swami had to the will of the Lord ?" This time centred all his attention on one object, he stood first in his B.A. examina- that is the attainment of God, and tion. This was in March 1893. so nothing else could interest him. He joined the Government College for his M.A. degree and become a During this period Swamiji was favourite of Mr. Bell, the then changing his residential quarters Principal of the College. very often, for he could not get During these days, the fame of either satisfactory food or comfort- Swami Ram Tirath began to reach able quarters. In March, 1S94, the outside world and many a man Lala (now the Hon'ble R. B.) came to him to have the pleasure Ram Saran Das requested him of his ilarshans. He was invited to be his tutor and after great to deliver lectures in the persuasion, the Swami agreed to meetings of the Sanatanists. The coach him. The Swami on the leaders of Sanatan Dharma were request of L. Ram Saran Das shift- greatly struck with the spiritual ed to his Kothi and got comfortable and devotional attainments of this rooms. The difficulty of his meals youngman and looked upon him was also solved as the cook there with great respect and admiration. was ordered to prepare his food, He used to explain intricate points of according to his needs and taste. theology in a very simple form, and L. Ram Saran Das was greatly his audiences were greatly convinc- devoted to his tutor and looked ed with his arguments. Even dur- after him with great devotion. In ing these lectures, Swami Ram 1895, Swami Ram Tirath passed his Tirath used to break down and fall M.A. examination and got a tem- into a state of ecstasy. Sometimes he porary Professorship in the Misson used to cry and weep and his crying College. Dr. Ewing who was great- and weeping would not stop inspite ly interested in him even when he :-.SV. : . H1N 1 nt In- . -I sittiriL in tudent coil, _; ari'l h id ll--|ji hours to-nether v. t< : ; for li mi. silence with eyes >-hut and 'iiin on his st iff tricklm" down ins cheeks. H i II- i- invited tn dehvr 1'Vtures with (i.id as i: he u is sitting in His in the 1 (all and S.v.nni l\ un presence, and then fell r Tinuh, who h id n >w mdentitied in which state he used to r.-m un for " " p ly with Kam hours to- This stay at cilled him-eif l)v thit n,-ime La! , period of preparation : : 1 in his lectir I w is for the L;re.U stage that :ad to mi-aiulerstood when 1 to : on. His mi deliver my message a- Jesus Oin-t. fixed on tin- object of his devotion with a and 1 ha. come ag lin to n-p.-at my constancy confidi message md in much - rms." that ma ! :h nual \\ilhin an tiansun : :. This created a flatter in missionary reach. The ma; ,ine circles and Sw.imi Kaai had to cut off and e-. iv -loped him. II,- reali I ( < ) 2 Jth (Jctuh, hi-; connection with the college. hirns.-.i'. n he ! v.rote a letu-r t 1 ! hill 1 have Kam in return. At the same time he applied for a ; got do nol look to 1 irship for higher studies in NOW upon me do land. He was, however, not anything. Tuin to Kam and He to successful in getting it. Though would attend all your wants as well as mine. 1 have lost this was a threat disappointment to myself hut others, yet he himself was quite gained Him." his l,,t. "I 'iidwith have not Next y..ar in the month of for higher -n scholarship August, \vh the College 1 ' ' . h*> writes to his ',nru, t"i tiie summer vacation, Swamji i I inna "hut this does not 1 1 II ; Iv'am, it to a:dwar. insist I me. God ?eems to have disappoint to go aluii!,' \\ith him touhi'hhe ved in-- for s- 'mi-thin!: far di 1 n "t ha' slie was idamant r." I!-- had a firm conviction i and u-c- irripanied him. >n the h'- been to thi--. \\-orld that hid sen! sacred Hiiii-ki-i'iiiri, he ask,>d his with a minion and for it he wife to di-tnhute all her ornaments himself c :g 'instantly. t" the r.'-edy which the devoted wife- did. 1 h- \\.-nt to Kishi Ke-ii .uid In the- same y< ar lie came to fi' > in thence cros-ed t!ie Gan:- d ' ' ' ' Si I in the Murray went up on the Himalayas. T In- rii-nced h!i-s . hut aft'-r one he exp, i,'reat spiritual year " d to Lahore in the and wrote thus to his Gum : I ' ( h r, e self. r . !". C. ill< S,-nior I'n .fi realiz d my real < ) of M ith'-in Duri i'ii- |ieriod Sell . know n as body, is mm- il. :nt'Mii! restlessness incr<--ased Guru, I cannot tell you tin- ! and the qm-t for Ins ohject continu- that I e\p,-i i, -nee while sittii)" a; the .vitli unah.ited /er>l. His \\ ife, t< 'p of tin se lulls and looLm^ . ;, ,\\ n M id. in Mohan .iiul nephew, upon Mother Ganges (lowing by. I I . ir ed ( \\ith l\'a ].i their ins to il, him ; giva up kingd. inid-t his family, Swami gain this bliss. How can 1 give it i : 11 ed t' .ippear lonely and sad. opT* PUNJAB S EMINENT HINDUS 125 After some time, however, he He found no difference between him- returned to Lahore, but by this time self and others. To him everything the call had come. His inner voice was God and nothing apart from called upon him to fulfil his mission Him. and after passing a period of rest- lessness, Swamiji once again went He decided to give light of to Hardwar, renouncing this world Vcdanta to other people outside finally. From the hills of the India too. He went to Japan and Ilimilayas, he wrote a letter both created a great impression. He to his father and to his spiritu il went to America and there illumin- " I if to ated the Americans Guru, am dead ; you want materialistic come to me, you also die, for one with the light that was within him. cannot be with the dead as long as When the ship in which he was sail- one is alive." This short letter ing was nearing the shores of was a message to them that he had America, one of his fellow travellers finally renounced the world as well asked him : "Do you know any- ' as all that was of the world. He body in America." Yes ", pat remained on the Himalayas, lost in came the Swami's reply, "I have devotion. He found himself one got a friend in America who will with Nature. All differences be- make all arrangements for me ". " tween him and other things were Pray, who is he ?" asked the lost. Lions came to him, licked his fellow-traveller. The Swami in feet and went away. Birds came, reply placed his hand on the shoul- sat on his shoulders and then flew der of his fellow-traveller and said " away. They did not fear him, nor with a smile : It is you ". And he did he fear any one of them. He was right. He was his friend though had become completely identified he did not kiv>w it before. The with the Lord. He had realized touch of Swami Ram awakened him himself. When he reached this as if from sleep and he discovered state, ho came down from the that he was Swami's friend. It was Himalayas to preach his mission this man who later on made all and open the eyes of ignorant people arrangements for Swami Ram with the light of Vcdanta. He went Tirath, while he was in America. to different parts of the country The lectures of Swamiji made a acquainting people with the great deep impression on the Americans bliss that Vedanta could give them. and he dazzled them with the light His lectures attracted all people, of the Vedanta. Wherever he both rich and the poor, and the went, thousands flocked around him. circle of his devotees widened in a It was something novel that he gave surprisingly short time. Every to them and which they did not where the great swami went preach- possess. To be in his presence was ing his gospel of love and oneness to be "near God. Mr-n and women with God, and surprising was the came to him, touched his feet and effect that his sermons made. Rajas displayed great devotion towards and Maharajas came to him and him. To them he gave spiritual offered their devotion; but for him bliss and peace of mind. To them all were alike. For him there was no he explained the intricacies of difference between man and man. Vedanta in a simple language. His ~, . 4INEN1 III MH !.! .. inents une homely and he em- imp:!- within the body any ployed beautiful pirables to explain more. On the Diwali day, in the hia points. Numerous were the 1906, S-AMini Ram entered the invit itions t'n it h-- n dill'<-rent ("iin^cs near Ktislm Ghat to have societies and institutions for d Ins b tth. The river was in tio,,d m.; lectures. His p .pu'.iritv with tlv and the mighty currents were lifting Am 1 in the ill' thrir terrible h-- id*. Sv.ami K : jea'.ousv and trv-v went on and on. I Iis disciples on i- ' the cried .::(! up >n him [reat dan bank and Routed, bat \\<- to their mission try activities in listened to them not. Onward he India. They tn--d to c: went and when h-- was in the middle but the heart of Swami Ri-n which of the stream, he lo-t himself in was overflowing with the love to: ecstasy and suddenly disappeared .tttracteil every one to his side. He below the currents. The devotees and was looked upon by them as an the disciples on the shore b< .it their i ; and cried, 1)1 >stle of spiritualism and har!>i: breasts, wept - three of spiritual bli<-s. In the matem iiays they searched the river istic mind of America, he sowed the. but could not find his body. They th< that it seeds of spiritualism and upt<> this ught must have been day devotees from America come to pt away down-stream by the the tiny village of Murariv, strong currents. When they had lost all of They visit his house, kiss the walls hopes recoveiin^ it, they of the room in which h.- was born were surprised to see Suan.i's body and touch then foreheads with its coming out of the water exactly from the where it had dis- holy dust. Such is the deep and i Lachhman Jhula, there u Swami Ram took snrh rapid his last letter to hisduru in Nov< m- strides towards his goal that he is 1906 : and 1 1' " br-r, "You are one," >Ved Up' 'II a^ one o| the greatest he says, "and there is nothing n ' rs of \'fJtint,i for all to wr; He had become one times. The circle of hi^ devotees with with God, one all, one with is very wide, and it is wider in everybody. And the restless soul America than even in India. All which had imprisoned itself within his speeches and writings have been the body was now dying to he ..... published and are read upto this day with the It Lord. could not n-m im by his devot.-es with ^r.-.u devotion. THE NEW YORK ?. l.LIC LIBRARY ASTOR. LENOX AND TILUEX FOUNDATIONS B L o i The Riiiht Hon'ble Dr Sir Shadi Lai. i PC Kt . MA, LL.D.. Retired Chief Justice, Lahore High Court L, c INOMCsJ SM, SAadi al. (By N. B. Sen) It has been rightly observed that as his elective subjects. This time, 'Indians have distinguished them- he stood first in the Province, and selves in various professions under not only obtained a Government British rule but nowhere have their Scholarship, but also won the Fuller talents risen to such heights as in Exhibition cf Rs. 35/- p.m. Next our law courts, where it is in- year he passed M.A. in Physics from disputably recognised that they the Government College, Lahore, have held their own with singular standing very high in order of merit. distinction on the Bench as in the Bar.' such eminent Among person- After having such a brilliant who have achieved alities, great academic career in the University success and in the reputation of the Punjab, he was awarded the domain < f the name of the Law, Government of India Scholarship Hon'ble Dr. Sir Shadi Lai Right for prosecution of further studies in shines with lustre his great By England. There he joined the acumen and deep learning, judicial Balliol College in the University of intrinsic he has not worth, only Oxford. It was in this University himself in ot raised the estimation that he achieved distinctions that his but has also raised countrymen, have fallen to the lot ( f few Indians the of his in prestige countrymen or Englishmen. The wonderful estimation of other nations. the success that he achieved as a student, Great as a as a lawyer, great Judge is still a matter of surprise to many. and as a he has great gentleman, From the very beginning, he attract- all himself achieved greatness by ed the attention of his Professors by sheer force of merit. The through his hard work, ability and scholar- of his life is full of interest and story ship. He obtained the Boden for all those who are inspiration Scholarship in 1896 and passed B.A. fired with ambition to succeed and and B.C.L. examinations of the are for in life. aspiring greatness Oxford University in 1898 and 1899, He was born on the 12th of May, winning Honours in both. He was 1874, at Kewari, District Gurgaon, also Ardt n Law Scholar in Gray's in a lnn Honoursman of the Council of respectable Aggarwal family. r After matriculating in 1890, obtaining Legal Education and Special Prize- a Government Scholarship, he pass- in, in in Constitutional Law, Consti- ed F.A. from the Forman Christian uuional History and Legal History. College, Lahore, again winning a These academic distinctions brought Government Scholarship. In 1894, him great reputation and his name he graduated from the Government became known in almost all the College, taking Physics and Chemistry Universities of England. \l/> KMISKST 111: . In illed tc. th.- Kir lien' a personal nature. He ' - .in A had i ' mute mission in hand to ' til,- Lahore >_ourt. >on .ormand was anxious to serve a the in all the r, he was appointed Lecturer public constitutional i lli> v. in tin.- I, i ,v Lahore and he could. record of ork also act Us Principal f. in the Legislature, of which hi-> this. remamt d ,i UK tin . iHmim -tay in d:-tniL;.nsi:eil mber t' 1 -he Punjab . . niil d.'in di the I ! Act and the Punjab Pre-Kmpti .11 ce, he kept iase spell- Act and wrote in is; mment iries 'id by ln> i. m.irkablf control of l.nr_;u . of details and mi tht-m p. iiiitniL; nut defects ami ii;e, ,-tructive criticisms whi>'h tin,- manners His speech'-^ I'.'-'-d to ; ited. be and pi His well-prepared, well-polished a : live \\ ritiiiL;- h id the de- well-delivered. Aa debater, he sired In I'M 3 the Punjab was al'vax v int, knew ;s]atui< passed a n<-\v Pre- ground and n,-\.-r allowed himself hmption Act, which removed the lo be dt-railed. lie wiaild n- detects point' '1 < ait by the 'young pause for . suitable word, m>r did idi is hi- Hamster' in 1 05. It is a strai he lack That why coincident that when this Act was speeches used to be heard \\ith rapt all 1 !, on the anvil, Mr. Shai i L;-l attention from sides of the himse'f a Member of the Council 1 MM Ins i and was appointed to the Select mu sta\ in ihe uncil, la- Committee, which considered the rendered some valuable service^ drift Hill our Province. There- 1.' advoc the appointment of District Judges In 190.?. Mr. Shadi Lai was nomi- in place of the old 1 >i\ i^ional Juc nate ! a I-V11 ,\v of the Punjab I'ni- and th,- .ippointment of Sul" ity. Liter, he was Jud'^fv f iom amongst the M. elected a Member of the Syndi- of the Par. It was dir- to his In : vitli the advent of the valiant (Tori on the fl<^or of the M mto-Morley Reforms, he soii'jht I I "use, that the Civil and Crrnin il election as a University Candidate powt ISM, Judicial oil;, to the newly-; ! I . -islative i ated, til-- M' mbers of the Pin mcil of our province. He was Civil Services v.vie alloued first -Mr M..hd. Shaffi and class l'i iv< ; lmu Ail"V. ,m to Sir I who wielded maintain their n and a/.l-i-Hussain, | 5tige dignity. it influence in this province. But In l''ll,when the Punjab Munici- 1 ! : -i.tl p.ipulantv of Mr pal '.ill was on the anvil, Shadi Lai. due to his academic and it mi' resi in it and ingle*h M ", i il t t', win the election, inspite of Gov, a nni'-nt to Loca I 'ili- 3. I lis Mich a t -ii^h opposition. Strong .M; it the C.UIM- and dt-li itn g -!>iil \\i-ie Ljiea tlv appre- i i I Hi mi in cut- rinf,' the Legis- it'-d in and out-i.ie the I are. ' lature was not to raise him I : his most outsi.indn :; ac in- \ ,-- in <--t im.ition or to derivt- im-nt, as a , lor. \\ as his el- public ) PUNJAB S EMINENT HINDUS 129 sistent eir'ort to raise the Punjab of the various rooms, passages and Chief Court to the status of a High stair-cases concerned." Csurt. It would be of interest to mention here that several years later, If Sir Shadi Lai was great as a when this demand was conceded to Lawyer, he was greater as a Judge. by the British Government, it %vas After having a brilliant career at the Sir Shadi Lai, \vho adorned the Bar, he was elevated to the Bench Lahore High Court as its first in 1913 as a Puisne Judge. Several Indian Chief Justice. years later, when he was appointed as Chief Justice of the newly-formed But the reputation of Sir Shadi High Court of Lahore, the entire Lai depends mainly on his legal country felt jubilant over this recog- attainments. As a Lawyer, he was nition of a brilliant merit. Some of brilliant, forceful and convincing. the leading Papers of India thanked Few could compete with him in his the Government for its selection and deep analytical powers, thorough called it a step in the right direction. preparation and skilful presentation It now fell upon the shoulders of of his cases before the Law Sir Shadi Lai to justify the great Courts. This brought him respect trust and confidence reposed in him of the public and admiration by the British Government. During of the Bench and the Bar. A the period of twenty years, when he critic, once writing in the "Tribune" adorned the Bench of the Lahore of Lahore, compared him with Sir High Court, he discharged the John Simon, who is one of the great- functions of this high office with abi- est lawyers of M jdern England. lity, independence and dignity, earn- ing admiration from all .quarters. The most sensational case con- A competent biographer, writing ducted by Sir Shadi Lai, during his anonymously in "Indian Judges" career as a lawyer, was the Rani writes thus of Chief Justice Sir Case of 1911. With his masterly Shadi Lai : defence and brilliant advocacy, he " It is on the Bench that his saved Rani Kaur from the legal Bhagwan attainments and wide range of is the most gallows. This one of intellectual powers have had full notable cases in the legal history of scope. On the judicial side, his India and a detailed study of the judgments are monuments or legal learning that deal out impartial same throws a flood of light on the to all the subjects of His of Sir Shadi Lai. A justice legal genius Majesty, high and low aliKe. They memorable feature of the defence have always commanded respect was that Sir Shadi Lai placed, in both in and out of the province. the course of the proceedings His legal acumen, keen insight, to and probe the most befc re the High Court "a very care- power grasp complicated points of law, great fully wooden model of the prepared analytical faculties and lucidity whole premises, (where the scene of of expression make his judgments occurrence was laid), made accurate- models of judicial pronouncements and confidence and esteem ly to the scale of four feet to an inspire in the public mind." inch, and constructed so that each storey of the main building could be When Sir Shadi Lai was a taken off to show the exact position Member of the Punjab Legislative 130 II SJA'-.'s I M1NKST HINIU's Council, he h;ul advocated th-- in- or colour. This naturally brought him tr duction of in.iny a Reform in into conflict with some of the profess- the Judiciary of this province. ional COmmunalistfi <>( ( .ur pruvince. he enjoyed lull powers to t; Hut beinn a man endowed with a < 1 ih'T. !l. 1'.', and strong heart, In- ^ternly full us- prsitio: suppre.-sed malacious agitations started 1 Chief Jus ., i introduced from time to time by vested interests in.iny reforms thit the period of his and a hostile Press. Such a-it ui< ns s,t.r. C in in . a it was S ;tly died by died natura: d-ath, wln-n disc- rvers, as an ''Lr i of Re- overed that Sir Sh i .1 Lai's only aim was ' 1 furms. It was in his. tunes that to uphold merit and that he had ab-ol- the pos- Fa L iw device was utely no communal tendencie-, nor made essential lor i-m:liditi-- seek- v. IS la- in tavnur of bestowing fa ing admission into the Judiciary of upon his lovourites. the province. The old practice recruiting Munsiffs from the clerical At the timr of lii^ retin ment from still' his b'-en iholished foi good. the I.al.oie Iliuh Court, a fan The system had its inherent defects. address was presented to him on the ( 3 ie of the men, with low me m- 3rd of may 1 J4, by the ieadin Sikhs and poor education, having no ex- of thi- ;iro\ince. The address 'i perience Law, used to deluer tnlcr tilui : .. ulous judLMii.-nts ti:at provid'-d for in 1'ar food jok'-b th<- Room "During your tenure of office a: ^n Shadi Lil raised tin- status of Justice, the reputation oi rlio Court has risen and we do ti: it MunsitVs, pa-sed orders that they high not nk out ot to add rliat i should be recruited from amongst place the Punj of all cartes and creeds have always the practising and revr-' This resulted in the much-needed s iv- CoiitmuiiiL;, it said : uf time and expense of the Law "All conimiiniiies alike luv,- h.-netit ( At the time of making appo- .-d .11 'lour Lordship's li.nuls and intments, promotions and transfers, we, Siklis, would be wanrii'.: in llllt V it W.> ivfl .11IH-.1 tlnlll I. 6Z| II a.l -hip used to appret , inf. our api'ivci.itnin of -Id- gr.-at merit, above dl, and ; always up ien i have i . -ii.i.-ii-d to the - claims Ci . tile of iinpe'i-iit p- ill provini ' consid'-i Ltions oi iste, ci <. d (Con/ inn it an f-iti^e THE NEW YORK f I FLIC LIBRARY ASTUR. LENOX TILLIKN FIJI NIMflONS B L i S f I f i Swanii Shraddhanand. 8 D SAtaddflaaaitd. (By Prof. Lai Chand, M.A., Gurukula Kangri, Hardwar.) "A tall, magnificent figure "When the meal is ended, we go bearing itself with commanding round the school. All is order and grace comes to meet us. A painter happiness In the cool of the of the modern school would welcome afternoon we walk out into the jungle, it as a model for Christ, one of Mahatmaji telling us as he goes, medieval tastes would see in it a what is heard. The clothing, the form of the apostle Peter though grouping, the pose, the long staff a trifle, tall and commanding for the curiously recall the pictures of walks fisherman. Mahatmaji bids us in Galilee, which we used to look at into welcome and we pass his simple on Sundays in our young days. I furnished room dominated by the alone in my English dress being an tinsel symbol Om. In my own room, incongruous speck in the tableau they have covered a table with pure and its setting. The west blazes white cloth and have placed upon into the glory of sunset, the half it two brass vases full of red flowers moon already high overhead pales joined by a heap of bright coloured into a silvery brightness The flowers. No guest has ever had a Gurukula is in darkness. But the sweeter chamber. A servant pours blaze of fire comes from the dormi- water on our hands, and gives us a tory doors in the centre. Chanting towel, and leaving our shoes outside voices fill the quadrangle." we pass into a room where food is served. We bow our heads whilst "On mats, on the grass, Mahatmaji says grace. I have squat little white like heard many graces, but none like figures, sitting neither this. Our host's rich sonorous voice Buddha images. They move nor take notice of us. have lingering long over the Sanskrit They finished their communal vowels makes the perfect music of worship and are now alone in silent con- penitential thanks-giving." templation." Such are the words in which Mr. than tenderer J. Ramsay Macdonald, M.P., after- "Harder adamant, wards the Prime Minister of than a rose", such is the heart of a England, gave his impression of perfect man, says an ancient verse. Mahatma Munshi Ram, when he The happier, the synthesis of seem- visited the Gurukula in 1914. So ingly opposite qualities we find in a beautiful is the whole article des- man, the nearer he approaches to cribing his visit to and giving his perfection. Such sweet synthesis impression of Gurukula, that I can- we find in Swami Shraddhanand. not resist the temptation of quoting But we must look back before we one more passage from it. proceed. :ak Ch md, Gul ib K.u only in Is. The whole uni- Su'r. - are ie is a university and ali creat- ii une>; -jf the t ither, the tjri' ures, all thinu'-. all ti teach th-- iii in H '. : -( and ' . : I heir. Too much Munshi 1\ un and S :ds rather id initiative and originality. This ir- in -el:. .ition . father ity : the Mu- by richness and van- ' nee and a kn'\\ led^'.- ('f the \\ays of the -i t'roii .'1 he i .id. Much of his educati' tinut d it tl. Mth t'.iith and 'ii in Ben.ires. It is there ur. \\ h-n NII: '. that .triculatcd uith distinction 18, he : to leave the house in t r 1877. livelihood. A' eral yeirs of fuitl- trch II '\vever, irregular his schooling for a lucrative job, matter? had been, there were some things in ' i-t t uk- a favourable I which he had been very Those were th- >f the Mutiny 'n his childhood he h;ul b- 1 ihf -;- of 1S57. :> Puni h phv-ical culture. helped the i i^nHi.ik' .md wrcstliiiL,' formed pnit ibs. of his routine. This 1 j Mountn. daily his n 1 a!- try ntinued through life and 'in -.1 a ''mid of Sikh and tlr it t - a fortune j gn md for Hi-- it . In in 1 in lit- tl ict ' plac ire part in s :lili'>n .it die't, r-'-'newiiv,; all * Mutiny. A - ird 'iid usins,' only s ilr and tur- - -n id-- i meric in hi he ma in- - Inspector. Nanak (~h m i ! in tii it attack- Police dep irtin-.-nt in ed him from ti:n to nine. '.. I'. 1 - in I'., ically for thr'-f : Bareilly, .Mn/ip.ir li- nd ten. ver I in tracing rning ea he He \ would an ar the gods in tin- proper way, ; .irer . .f Tulsi Ramayana. the son and the father b'-inu -t ui.di wife combined tenderness \vith Sanatanists. It \\.i- his rule n commonsense in an uncommon to tal without fir-t lied her child- piny idols in the I { n To her was born On. . 6 at Taiwan in Jullundur, going to enter c.n, the youngest and the Nath, he \\.i- of her four sons. itry _; on duty an tm could not receive i Rani -hip . as his father was tin ' ' b<-; d from Could : :n. 1 place to place. Hut we learn the y.'UiiL, de\ pai ti- ITXJAr.'S KMINKNT HIM 11 S 133 ality even in tin- house of ( . Intermediate examination and he Surely such a God is no God for wi-nt to his father in Bareilly. In me." And he bade goodbye to Bareilly the society was even worse; idol worship then and there. L the wealthy men there kept concu- when he entered College and read bines and spent their time in luxury Kurop-an philosophical literature, he and indulgence. It was with these became a confirmed atheist. that he made acquaintance but here he also met the Sanyasi who turned Another influence that moulded the whole tide of his life. his mind at that time was that he regularly attended the Katha of Munshi Ram and Dayanand both Tulsi Ramayana that a certain were in Bareilly in the year 1882. /j 'i ikta used to recite in Benares. Who brought them together ? The power that rules the world, that In 1877, he was married. Before fixes the time for every event. 'It is dealing with his married life, let us not in man that walketh to direct first finish his student life. In 1878, his steps'. The director directs and he was admitted in the F.A. class in brings about marvellous meetings at Benares. His father hid been the appointed time. L. Nanak so his restra- the Police- was transferred to Bareilly ; Chand, Inspector ining influence was not there. ordered by the Government to see Instead, there were jolly companions to it that no disturbance was caused whose principle of life is 'Eat, drink by the lecture of the leonine San- and be merry'. Even when he was yasi. The appearance and the in school, he was indulged a great speech of the Swami impressed him deal, but the trust his father reposed so much th'it after coming home his to in him checked him from many pit- he pressed son attend his falls. Now the road was clear, the next lecture. The son went. He royal road to ruin. He spent his saw, he heard, he marvelled. "Won- time in revels and festivities, in derful, ins't it ? he reasons so well drinking, in gambling, in seeing without knowing English" He dances, in attending poetic con- returned home completely hypnotised. ferences, in novel reading. His That tall, powerful, radiant perso- fondness for novel reading had a nality, that thundering lion, that bright side too; he improved his fearless hero, that gracious saint, English wonderfully. With youth, who could resist his magnetic influ- wealth, influence and recklessness he ence. The athiest Munshi Ram took to evil ways which told upon was drawn to his Guru inspite of his health. He was stalwart and himselt. possessed a robust and powerful that physique. He ate twice as much as He heard from somebody an ordinary man. He walked so fast the Swami got up at 3 A. M., went that his companions had to run to to the forest and returned after day- keep with him. But even lie could break. Fired with curiosity he got not break the laws of health with up at 3 A. M. the next day, took him and followed impunity. Illness came and almost a companion with some wrecked his powerful frame. Ill- Dayanand stealthily. After ness prevented his passing the time Dayanand quickened his pace. 134 PUNJAB S KMINKN I HINI'f- The two friends began to run, but eternal and immortal. Weapons t burn coming to .1 point, where the road cunii't ciia\< it, fire canm branched in three directions, tin \ it, water conm t uet it, wind cannot 1 .-,t sight of him, coul.l not decide dry it." Warming up, he thundered It which w iy to g<> and returned home. forth: 'This 1>< dv is mortal. is useless to it and sacrifice The next day getting up \--i-y early protect they came and hid themselves near nhiiruui. \\hoever likes may come tins very point. Now pursuit was and linish it'. Then casting a pierc- easier. They saw 5 uni Dayanand ing glance all around he roared run, but they did not lose sight of forth: 'Hut show me the man who him. At last they found that he can claim to kill my soul. So long slowed his speed and then coming as such a hero is not found, I am to a tree sat under it in 'Piidnij not prepared even to consider whe- or Asiin' a particular squatting pose, ther I should suppress the truth sat for an hour and. i half in rapt silence, not". The audience spell-bound. in motionless trance, and then re- Tin drop silence prevailed. turning to his normal consciousness he returned to his place of residence. Several times Munshi Ram the atheist raised objections against the In one lecture Dayanand condem- existence of (iod. All his arguments ned idol worship. Mushi Ram liked were at once refuted bv Dayanand. it. In have refuted it, but his fither disliked "You my arguments'", another lecture he ridiculed the said Munshi Run, 'but you have superstitious belief of Christians that not yet convinced me of the exis- Christ was i>. it 1 convince siid the Scott took it ill an I indirectly was that could you" can bv convevd t.> S.V.IMII |i that he wou'il Swami, "that happen only (iod". left be well advise 1 to !: >ep silent about the grace of l)ayanand the been Christ! imtv. the i digion of the Hireilly, but seed hail Rulers. '\Vh> cm forget', says sown in good soil and after three .Munshi Run 'the lecture he delive- years we witness complete trans- red the next day alter he hid formation in Munshi Ram. 1 I received the warninL . have heard the speeches of many eminent L. Nanak (hand was in the good to sho\\ orators, but how can 1 describe the books of the collector, who magic, which the simple but sincere his favour offered Naib Tahsildar- words of the Suiva si produced ship to Munshi Ram. So Munshi on thr audience. "People say, do net Ram became a Naib TahsiMar in and for some time officia- speak the truth, the collector will be Hareilly 1 ted as Tahsildar t""- Once he went disple i-M-d, tin commissioner will asked l>ecom<: angry, tin- ('."vernor will to see the Collector. lie uas hive to wait. In the meanwhile an p -rsecute. Listen ye, who H if the merchant came and was .us to he. , even emperor Hnglish of the whole world became cross at once admitted. This gave a uide ,lio, k Ins sense of self-i- with me, yet will I speak the truth, to spect. and heed the whole truth and nothing but the II. .- igned his post ' 1 of ( i f>.r ever from the truth. After tins he t|U'>: -d himself yoke ( lion fiiiious verse from the (iita in iovrimni nt service. The -.oul. soul is could not be tamed. Me lunst Ins praise of tin- "The PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 135 bonds and breathed the air of converted into a saint. The atheist freedom. became a devotee. When he raised the last cup of wine to his lips, he Friends advised that Munshi Ram felt he saw the image of the master should go to Lahore and study the wearing only a loin cloth, standing Law. The proposal was welcomed staff in hand before him. He dashed by the father and the son alike. the cup and the bottle against The scene now shifts to Lahore, the wall and never touched them where while he was studying law, again. With the same passion he two influences began to work simul- flung away the last dish of meat to taneously upon him Brahmo Samaj the great surprise of his friends. and Arya Samaj. He was interested They knew not that Munshi Ram in both. He attended the lectures had finally and utterly rejected all they arranged. He read the books that tended towards sensuality; that they published. Once hti read in in the deeply religious sense a con- a book by a Brahmo Samajist a version had taken place and that refutation of re-incarnation. Fired henceforward he was to live in the by an irrepressible curiosity to know world as a knight errant, as a divine what Satyarth Prakash, the master- worker and warrior protesting and piece of Dayanand had to say on fighting against ;ill manner of evil the point, he hurried to Arya Samaj to establish the kingdom of heaven \V,ichhowali Learning that L. Ivj sho upon earth. Whatever he did, he did Ram was in charge of the library he with a characteristic thoroughness. spent about two hours in finding out Thoroughly he had enjoyed, tho- his house. Reaching there he learnt roughly he repented, thoroughly he renounced. there no that Lala ji had gone to the Tele- With him was graph office, where he WAS a clerk. doing things in a wave. ing half- Thither he repaired only to know hearted manner. The storm came and all the rubbish. that Lala ji had just gone home swept away for tiffin. Again going home he What he left, he left for good. He to cast no looks found that Lala ji had gone back longing and lingering office but would return finally in an on the life of self-indulgence, that hour nnd a half. So he spent this he renounced. He bent his energies time in hanging about the house. to his studies, creditably passed the Wnen the librarian returned from final examination in law and office Munshi Ram was aked to wait began to practice as a full fledged for some time, but when he said that pleader in jnllundur in 1885. he had waited the whole day, L. Kesho Ram without entering his The day was a momentous one, house went straight to the library both for himself and the Samaj, and gave this enthusiast a copy when he joined the Arya Samaj. of the Satyarth Prakash. The That day when he stepped into the master and the masterpiece both Samaj Mandir, a musician was exercised a strange fascination upon singing in a beautiful tune, "my him. Eagerly he read it through doubts have all fled away at the and decided to become a member sight of Thee, my Lord ! of the Arya Samaj. The hour of grace had arrived. The sinner was At that time he was asked to say Ill . . I ill a few words the a.udi<-! i...d that i:. had run into di bt b\ ' II,- to '.hi.-. hi- paitid will Id bti. . "i I my tli.-ni, ' oil thi- d' 1)1 and cheer It Ar> : her am! -pi'-ad pay up'. it . i.d is the : of truth wh. habit, . '1 'ii. \\'i- must . an Indian uife, thouuh i lern is tl^ what v.t- i Thus .done can li^ht chan^im,' - our mi-M' ii :c< ( >ur 1; b- -uitiful traditions, to take her should he living B "ii th-- mi- ils afti-r li'-r hu-b;ind had taken 1- n. d late in th.- truth -.. M ' mi', intoxi nd indi ; 1 |c v. is laid in bid. I I.- From i 1902 h<- pracr <|ui.-!!y ' i:i, -1. ' him. 1 iv, i-- thi-n yer. 1 1 aim u;is alu d. e] v. his to d( I"' nd th.- ri 'ht. I b- soon All this hile, wife had k.-pt I. him t--nd-i \\ im i vei ful ]>!. id.-r. in-^ ly. i i- < >' his i I. inied plenty m m< y and h 'd IK- r'"_; ani'-d .1 i .1 and plendid bungalow built for him- 6 him milk ' ' self. th it, al't. r midii; h-T iiv-il. Seeing all thi^ ' s A.S has iir< idy b n \\ ' >' l\ . ' rried in 1 1 me thai of Munshi am. tears h matriculated. II.- h.id IKI h and his faithful wife and h.- pray.-d - w> i ot in c' \\ ife \ ery few of to God to maki him thy lu-r. th.- <.li! tion have had 1 1. 1 ln-r write. h md in in. 1, n; It is lughl to n id and ir bet\v- M IM ents "ii both II. took h'-r . 'tit for morning ua'.k >\\ I |. Ii k. d h r -id- s. Th. se things are 1< ly but with hini-elf. al ter ' .- ti ' d all lu-r sarely changing. Why should they ndi-i ly, Ll sin- i . n<>t M.S. In 1S01 \vh<> an- to liv I passed away ' - ev< > r before m irn ! i\-in^ behind a rhit, in vd.ii'h h i i written with her hai \Vi;;. should th.-y not know each own utli- l-\- '^'"ii will i-iHlv qi-t ;i mi'- b. auti- M- idini; tin- ii"Vi-! Munshi ful \\itc.but piay, for my --.ik.-do . I 'i i rhildu-n :l h.ld III Illtl." not .;> to brinu up "ur . lo\ ill.- oinji. Hi- iction nd tendei ly". Thei ot > ca] e of the lady of n.' quest n >n now m.iiTyin-- \\.is ; wile. Ib- e. 'I'll.- realit) i" more beautiful i "i '. i to the si diff. nt 1 1. in romanci nd tl already wedded vice 1 i I . .r.- !; di\ d r in di ions. ih S ima 1 di-rp. ipat Arya j. i t; Id dr< in; were h i tt'-n d and to taken by . ' them 1 In i .id IIP 'ir i!' eld.r biotli.r. She br.'iiidit . i I '. >\\ i-'inidren thus ill ink I lut uj> n and d \l hi K'ain I' 'r ..I iiiann-d li!'- piovi-d fn ,in i-i>ni|)li-li i> tli it nowh' ri- in I h<- uhol" th'- 1 ( )ne ! b ;//c>. i-ll.j 111. d Hid /; She had just returned from the Ram, \\ith a party of devotees used Christian Mission School, where she to go early in the morning through studied. The father was startled; Jullundur with the beggar's bowl in he pondered over this problem his hand, singing songs of devotion and came to the conclusion and collecting funds for the Arya that it was dangerous to teach girls Samaj. In his autobiography while in a mission school. To provide for recalling the innocent ways and their education, he along with L. singing service of those days, Dev Raj conceived and created the Mahatma Munshi Ram confesses Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jullundur, that those days were the happiest the premier institution of its kind period of his life. in the Punjab. A word about his relations with Pt. Guru Dutt and Pt. Lekh Ram. With the advent of L. Munshi They were a noble trio full of sin- Ram in Arya Samaj, a new chapter cerity, faith, frankness and passion begins in its history. Pandit Guru for the service of Arya Samaj. Guru Dutt was of opinion that Vedic and Dutt advised him to read the works Sanskrit studies should occupy the of the Master again and again, for prominent place in the curriculum every time new light would dawn of the D. A. V. College, while upon him. Munshi Ram and Lekh M.ihatma Hans Raj and others of Ram often went together where a his way of thinking believed that controversy was to be held or an it \\as impracticable, if the institut- to be celebrated. ion was to remain affiliated to the anniversary Lekh Ram could When \\asassassinated, Punjob University. They ' his parting words were Let the agree to giving only a very subordi- work of writing continue uninter- nate place to Vedic and Sanskrit studies. Pandit Guru Dutt was ruptedly .' warmly supported by L. Munshi A faithful assistant of Mahatma Ram. Due to different ideals in Munshi Ram in his preaching trips to education and different views re- villages round about Jullundur was a took garding meat-eating, split L. Chiranji Lai Pahlwan, who and was divided place Arya Samaj would pass through the main bazars, into the Culture and Mahatma Party singing songs and gathering men Mahatma Munshi Ram Party. till he came to where Munshi Ram began to lead the Mahatma Party. was seated and forthwith the lecture He was a successful very pleader, began. but worldly ambition and social service go ill together, for they go The Mahatma Party was taking against each other. For some time a very active part in holding con- the struggle continued. The service troversies with Christian Priests, of Arya Samaj gradually gained the Muslim Maulvis and Sanatanist upper hand and professional practice Pandits. The party was well- began to dwindle. A paper 'Sat known for its uncompromising atti- Dharma Pracharak, was started to tude, its straight-forwardness, its carry on the propaganda of Arya outspokenness. The College Party Samaj and eradicate social evils. prided itself upon its calculating In those days Mahatma Munshi mentality, its prudence, its tactful- 138 PUNJAB'? KMINI.Sl HIM '!'> i : ,.. : , \s QtTOV< .vere (led from the Ar\a I'ratirudhi ! Sabha. Alter the ly. l.veiy Arya earnest meditation Samajist \\as a coiitr '.itialist. r the best means of SCIVIP;; his in.it '. I Mu-hins, Cbrii ii. HI-. > mi , .ill master an. his mission !.- came to ' the a e fore.- : Ary.i the conclusion that the (iurukul. ' , I I -iikhs ami the- M. irh.it- ,;. anand's dreams sh< u!d be t.is hul ii" doubt defended llmdu- Inoujht into existence. That v.ay li.-ie v. the \\ nh the -.word. But lay salvation oi India. 1 aii-en a n>-w l)ndy tr defend the children of to-day are the nation of l.ntli ..I Ki-iiis not with the sword, to-morrow. But how and where are but with tin- woid "t truth, the force the children being brought up and . of i nthusi- what of (rrepres ibl< sort nation will they thus ' in tell int.. the tender hud- : rating ig nee, aggi grow Surely . i imiot spirit l> ire di'Wn all o|ip ition blossom pioperiy in the foul i .in 1 tstonished all Ivei iri< . and contaminated air of the citu--> Sri-mi' the speedy spread <>\ the Kir, tar away from the turmoil and air \<-dic I iith in nil direction-. tainted of the towns take tin e Muslims, Chris'.ians, Sanitam little saphn-s and plant them in the > . free fresh 1 the S.rn ijists, spread ticti >n that and atmosphere of a si-ihti.uis }> near a Ary.i S unaj is >,ly, t!:.it jungles mountain or a river. aims at overthrowing the liritish Thus alone can they bear fragrant of (lowers and delicious l\.ij. As a matter lact, nothing fruits, thu- I alonr c-iiiM lartlu-r fr.-in tlv truth. can they furnish cool peaceful hut for the British attitude uf re- -.ha' !e i or tiouMed souls. li'-.ious neutrality, which the Arya so there would Sin.i] much values, Imbued with such iile have b'-eii no Si for t hi uf pe pread Maliatina Mun-hi Kam made .1 1'ut inimical truth. ' propaganda in K-sohe to start a (iurukula in was and l.-veiishly busy produced the very lap of nature. Peo the mind- ol the I'.ritish suspicion in lau:;hed. \\ here was the inonex to ollicials The 1'atiala .State went a conic fr ~>. \\'ho would send his uirther and arrested all step Aiyi children to the jinu-Vs |,,r Id \ i ars J at once. Tlie Ar\a S.iina|ists But our hero stood firm against S.IMI coo] and linn in that ijists kept ridicule, lie s-.iu-k to his resolve. hour of distK-ss. The one man who lb went out to collect funds and mole than anv ulhcr fortified the vowed never to step into his house np-d and - impri Arya Samajists till Ks j(J,000 had be. n collect. .1. ' tin ii 1 >n behali was M ahatma ought lie spent days ol toil and nielli Kam. He their Mun-hi helped i to the <.i ' realise dream his fami.ics and defended their case. guru. Money came : children c.-.inr. ' ' I If broii:;ht able- fn.m lawyers A suitable site between the Nil^iri to e o| \-.i ' ' [ hore :;.;ht lor the can Ai and the I Nildhara with Fimalajas Th |- State was forced to I'll the in;,- < Samaj. side and the ranges on the c;is. : it had instituted withdraw the other was oiler, d .1 as free i;ift ' -he Sim i ( u'.ula I Aiya for im b\ .. Am. MI SniLjIi, a jrcat philanthropist. \\'e mu~t no\\ go back t.. i!u- tin- I '. \ \'. ( time when olli |C parts Those who had ridiculed b. EMINENT HINDUS 139 to respect both the dreamer and the matically appears. If you would was cleared raise undertake an honour- dream. The jungle ; yourself, huts were built and the great soul able arduous task. The task chal- with 20 children began his novel lenges the brave soul, which wakes experiment far away from the din up with tremendous force to achieve and dirt of cities. Tigers roamed its goal. Blessed are they that freely at night about the place iiill to do great deeds, for they will where the Gurukula was started. become great indeed. They were angry with the man who had usurped part of their empire. He took a keen and personal They roared and the children trem- interest in the welfare of each of bled, but the strong protecting arm his brahincharics, was with them in and the stout courageous heart of work and in play, in meals and in our hero were always with them to prayer, watching them, restraining comfort and encourage. Under his them, exhorting them, inspiring loving guidance, they learnt to face them. with courage the dangers of the fell forest and to bear cheerfully the in- When they ill, he nursed clemencies of the weather. them like a mother. He always sought, both by example and pre- When Munshi Ram became a cept to make them strong, intelli- pleader he was called L. Munshi gent, virtuous, brave, fearless, Ram. When he took charge of patriotic, austere and fit in every Gurukula, people began to call him way to serve their religion and their Mahatma Munshi Ram. Richly he country. deserved that title. The sacrifices that he had made, were not the Sometimes murmurs were heard sacrifices of men. a from some of his weaker students : ordinary Only " magnanimous soul could do such Our degree is not recognised. Our institution is not affiliated. magnificent deeds. His life, as a shall not matter of fact, is one long series of We get any government glorious achievements. He renoun- service. What shall we do after ' ? on ced his practice, he renounced his graduating Invariably such occasions he would this pleasures, he renounced his beautiful quote beautiful line from a famous saint bungalow, he dedicated his press, and and back he dedicated his sons, he dedicated poet bring confidence his life for the service of the Guru- to the diffident souls. kula. The Gurukula was the one " When I was without passion of his life, the most dominant teeth, O me milk from idea which inspired him. Lord, you gave the mother's breast. When you will Referring to his students he have_given me teeth, you keep me without food?" \\< uld often say that they had clone him a lot of good. Trying to raise them he had raised himself. Put But though he had absolute re- a self-respecting, capable, respon- liance on God, he had self-reliance sible man at the helm of affairs; all too in a pre-eminent degree. Dur- the hidden greatness in him auto- in his life-time he had started HU I-MINKN1 HISL'I"- culture and Ayui vedic classes in hrat it students have a coin- (iurukula :mcl to Ins followers he piriii\e knowledge of both the h.-que ithed tus plan to start .1 Indian and the We-teiu Sy-t' ms of technical collide and a commercial medicine. college. His alii.- son, 1't. In Vulva Vachaspati, the most cool- Most of the subjects in the Veda he uled and clear-headed of men, College and the Arts College are the present Governor of Gurukula, common, with only this difference h is t iken up in right earnest the that in the Veda College, there is an plan of starting the two colleges: advanced course in Veda and in the appeal for funds has been issued, Aits Colleg,-, an advanced course money is pouring in and within a in Literature. Veda. I'panisha i or so we hope to see an addi- Darshan, Sanskrit, Hindi, Lnglish, tion to Gurukul i ot the two useful and Arya Siddh int are compuNory Colleges. Mahitma Munshi Ram for all. ' >ne elective subject has to hid another dream tint 'iurukula be chos.-n out of I'hilo-ophy, should be self-sufficient as regards History, l-lcoiioinics and C'heinistry. food and clothing. We h ave !> Inlustnal Chemi-try forms an to grow our wh<- it. We are growing ntial feature .,f the Chemistry oar own vegetables and fruits. We . se, and stLidi-nls Icam to make have our own dairy, cows for milk various kinds , ,( snap, oil. ph.-nyli-. and she-buffaloes for butter. \\ '< ink, pain balm etc. The aim is to have our own Khadi department, achieve a synthesis of all that is best our own splendid pharmacy, our in the cultures ol the Last and the own industrial department. In all \\.st. Ordinarily in Indian umvii- - .ii.-s a no th se directions Pandit Indra ji is student has intimate or ell'ecting gr.-at improvements with first hand knowledge of his ancient the help of an ahl<- and earnest classics or his own culture. About I w. is assist tnt, 1't. Desh Handhu ji, Vid- 30 years ago \\hen a student yalankar. The day is not far in !'. A. class in the 1 >..\. Y. Col,' distant when we shall have to pur- L. Lajpat Kai in a lecture said: chase nothing from outside either to "When Muslims meet together, feed or clothe ourselves. they quote troin I'rdu or I'.-r-ian poets, but wlien Hindus meet, they Once asked by a high govern- <|iiote from Shakespeare, Milton, ment official to get the (iurukula \\'oidsworth, Tennyson, Keats and I a (iuru- atfiliat'-d Mahatma ji replied, "Let Shelley." When got job m thi-rr be at least one indep. -nd< nt kula in 1919, I found to my great educational institution in India en- delight that here students quoted tirely free from government control tiom Sur 1'asand Tulsj 1 >as, Kali and intlueiK .-. has and Hav Hhuti, Yalniiki and \ \ i \'. . Kapil and I'atanjali, das \\'e hase thl'e.- ( , ,11,-ges liele and I 'p inishadas, as fieely in their already. The \',-d ( ( 'ollege, The spei ( lie .mil essa\s as Muslim Aits College .ind the .\yur\eda student-, quote lioin Hah/, Sadi, '. ( el, . Hrahini hai 1C an vei illege. In th'- Ayurve.'a Col /.auk, ily Allopathy and Modem Suigi-ry. in- rooted in theji nun lailture. They 1 live in it lives in taught aloii: with C'harak and Sus it, them. PUNJAB S EMINENT 141 Plain living and high thinking is a India and winning the Mangala prominent feature of the institution. Prasad Paritosak (The Indian Nobel in l'>; i re-headed and bare-footed, with Prize) for writing the best book only a Khadi shirt and knicker, boys History. So Pt. Satya Ketu ji, move about in the biting cold of Vidya Alankar, Ph.D. has won the winter or the scorching summer same prize by writing a standard sun. work on 'The Maurya Dynasty'. In most Hindi newspapers and maga- One thing that struck me so zines Gurukula graduates are work- assistant editors. much when I joined this institution ing as editors and was the look of childlike innocence In Gurukula students acquire great in so many grown up able college facility in speaking and writing in students. To train the understand- Hindi. ing and yet retain childlike inno- 1 feature of Gurukula cence is, believe, a great achieve- Another ment. Really great men remain Kangri is the quality of fearlessness childlike to the end of their life. that students develop by living in close proximity with forests. Several Hindi being the medium of ins- years ago when the Gurukula was struction throughout even in the on the other side of the Ganges, a college, the students readily follow leopard once entered the premises. all th.?y are taught and, therefore, I was teaching on the upper storey. when they graduate they are better A cry was raised that a leopard had informed than other graduates both entered the garden. At once two of in ancient and modern knowledge. my students rushed to their rooms, Several years ago, when the Right seized their hockey sticks and attack- Hon'ble Srinivas Shastri visited ed the ferocious beast. I cannot Gurukula, the students held a debate forget that day. I marvelled at the in Hindi on an important political boldness of the brahmcharis. Fear- subject. The students were so well lessly they fought with the leopard, informed on the subject and spoke received and gave blows and ulti- so fluently and eloquently that Sri- mately compelled it to retreat and nivas Shastri came to the conclusion hide in a bush, where it was shot that it was quite practicable to im- dead. What frightens others is fun a few of part higher instruction through the for them. Several years ago medium of Hindi. In this, as in our brahmcharia entered a dense several other directions, M. Munshi forest and from there brought to Ram has acted as a pioneer, as a Gurukula at great risk and with one of an bold, original and enterprising ad- great difficulty the young venturer. Several times Gurukula elephant. They wanted to keep it students have won medals and as a curiosity, but the forest ranger of came and took trophies in the All-India Inter Uni- coming to know it, times versity Hindi and Sanskrit debates it away from them. Several held in the Benares Hindu Univer- they have caught very very big them in and fed sity. Pandit Jaichandji, Yidyalankar, cobras, put cages have had an able graduate of Gurukula has them and then when they won great distinction by writing in their fill of the fun, let them off Hindi a monumental history ot 142 h-L'NJAIi's H.MINKM of Another important feature the ^iii.L;ly popular every diy. This v,, (iurukula is the intimate personal >eu many l>o_v> ha\i sought ad- cont. i. t beiuein :hc teachers ami mi-<|..n in tlu: tir^t piimaiy cl tlu- t.u. Th< re i- tru une that another win^ has had to !>.- . i e . L-I Miim> nl.i; dil ; ;n-t\vi.fii other iuate- added to the hostel to ace ( at ami iurukula 141 uluat them. 1'oys an- admitted the between the products of big factories f 7 or 8. They have to live ami the prod-:cls of college indus- in (iurukula for 14 ye.ux 10 y< tries. for the school course, -\ years for the college course. The school coui-e \\V ihctn knowledge, l>ut 1^ like the ordinary course outside, mother Natuie in the lap ot' which \\ith this difference that special they IK and move all the 24 hours attention is paid to the teaching of S them heaith, -.ti'-ii-th, energy S inskrit and the ancient religious and m-pii ilion. Our l*>ys sins; on scriptures and that Indian ilistoiy is auspic i isions the following: taught from the national stand- point, so that students learn to n s- () "Taking thy tl.i!.- in Isaial, my pect their ancestors for their Ahnii ituitcr, I -h ill spread through material, intellectual and spiritual the world the message that 1 have greatness, and not to look doun as he ml in t -.t, the mountain, upon them semi-barbarians. the river and tli- tre mi." Mo i, over, boys in the primary classes devote one period every day Wordsworth in one : Says place pinning. < Mie of our boys, Mr. Shanti has \\oii a -nver "i >ne impulse from a vernal WOO 1 Swamp, tor first in ( an t' ach V'.'.i more of man spinning; \\hee!, .standing an All-India ( )f in- ral evil and of goi .d sjnniiiriL: C"mpi-tition. Thnn all th- 5 ILM-S can." ' It 1 h.n e d at ^oine length in of l>< - \\'ho in>-pi. ed tl 5 w ho v. i- my appreciilion (iurukula, i; i- de. i t creation ot the \". das and the I'panishadas, the cau--e the M. i 1 feel d t.. K niiayan.i and the MaliahhaiM! Mim^-hi lam. tempt' tln-s lived write n, re on tin- >int, but I must I n-.-ly and moved p> 'i .tiful restrain for \\aia ot 1 ! their b in th( my-elf space. lies of Nature. From her they conclude with the famous n-maik of Macdonald on diew inspiration and wrote immortal Mr. J. Kam-.iy ( i- 11 o-t ks. iurukula : "It the momen- tou-- tliiii!.1 in Indian iducation thai k< in '.\> \ "U been done since sal S SI. --pi aie says Macaulay Like If: do-.\n to put his opinions into minute ; fi < in 1835." l or this our life, exempt m p-.iMic haunt, K i ..... !. diatma ti >k I'md-. tongues in trees, m M Munshi Kam ( in 1 and 1< ft ( iuiuKula the runnii i.s, San\ as U7, in service of the \\> rid. l-'iom S- i mons in si ind -;ood for the . 1902 to l'U7, he h . /eaiously wrked for the (iuiukula primarily, < at s line time tin- Sat Th- ,u:u!.ul a i l>e.-oiniii!; m- the editim; PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 143 Dharma Pracharak and attending sullen mourners, all bare-footed like Arya Samaj anniversaries. Now their leader. When the procession begins his service in a wider sphere. reached. Chandni Chowk, about His magnanimous soul seeks to eleven Gurukhas directed their serve the Sikhs, the Muslims, the De- bayonets against the breast of the pressed classes, the famine-striken intrepid leader. Cheerfully he and the Motherland, not the Arya bared his bosom to the Gurukhas Samaj and Gurukula exclusively. and said: "Pierce me first and then is at The sanyasi loves all, and fire the mob." The Gurukhas attached to none. He went about winced from that leonine voice. preaching the gospel that true They withdrew and the procession Swaraj could be won only by brahm- passed sadly, silently, sullenly to its charya and purity of character. destination in Darya Ganj and held Nations rise by self-restraint and the meeting without any disturbance. perish by indulgence. So great, so deep, so sincere and so In a famine broke out in 1918, practical was the sympathy shown Garhwal. issued an Svvamiji appeal by Swamiji to the bereaved families for funds; organised famine relief and of the Muslim victims of the the famine-striken in their helped machine guns, that they began to distress. worship him as their saviour, carried him to and set him To suppress the agitation against Jumma Musjid on the and the holiest the Uowlatt Act machine guns were highest pulpit there to hear a from his fired upon the mob in Delhi and message The that he delivered many were shot dead. The remedy lips. message that will be remembered aggravated the malady. The fire day long as the most burnt higher and hotter. Excite- by posterity inspiring of peace, freedom and ment grew to a very high pitch. message unity ever delivered to humanity. The mob was ranged on one side, the police on the other. The go- vernment was in a fix. The brave When Mahatma Gandhi sus- sanyasi came forth staff in hand and pended his satygraha (for some become violent) said to the Police officials : "Remove people had Swamji the the soldiers and I shall pacify the resigned from Satyagraha people." The soldiers were remov- Committee. He could not agree could never ed, the people dispersed, but after with this step. He about some time the police again began to appreciate nice hair-splitting a of patrol the city and intimidate the Ahimsa. In him was synthesis 'kshaira people. Excitement rose again. 'braham tcj' and tej\ To prevent the excitement from That Satyagrahis should remain taking a dangerous turn Swamiji non-violent under every provocation could announced that in Pataudi House, was quite intelligible, but how Darya Ganj, a meeting would be you be responsible for the violence held to honour the victims of of mischief-mongers, who might be to machine guns. Swaini Shraddha- employed by any interested party nand, bare-footed staff in hand, led defame the movement. the way, and behind followed an in endless procession of sad, silent and After the Martial Law days 14-4 I I'NJAh's KMINKS1 Hi:. the Punjib, S\\.imiji ..-nt there to the In.ii. in I'ilgriin's 1'ri.^ress, which wipe ill- nt tin- orphans and contains a vivid account of how a a the -. : and '.intimate their sinner was converted into saint, sutlei in^s. That year only Sw.imiji and which should be read by every in t'lvnui i>t holding the congress aspirant after ri^hteousnes-. .on in Amritsar, others seriously t release from I tl Usability of holding Alter jail Samiji ;iit riots it tii- n i- th( i" 'pie aftei thi reiji: that communal had ut' tenur had been very much co\\--d bioken out in Malabar, Saharanpur, down Hut Swamiji insisti-d thil Amritsar etc: that everywhere the Aimitsar was the right pi, ice. It Mohammedans had perpetrated in- wa aheady a place of pilgrimage describable cruelly upon the Hindus. in thi religious sense, now it hid He wept over the fallen and feeble brcoaie a place of pilgrim ige in the condition of the Hindus and U-L;an p 'litical sense too. lie took upon to work zealously for Hindu San^a- himself the responsibility of making than. In the lectures that he de- all arrangements. Inspiteof several livered to the Hindus all over India adveise. circumstances, inspite of he told them th it untouch ibility, he ivy rainfall and bitter cold, very caste by birth, child mam.i-e an 1 satisfactory arrangement \\as mi.l- other social evils, too numerous to -iw.imiji for the proper accommo- count, were eatiii" into the vita! of s.,ci that should \\ake dation and boarding visitors. the ty ; they Th session wa-; a great success. It up betimes, uplift the depressed infuv 1 new lile in the hearts of the i lasses, educate the women, raise the 1'unjabee-. As Chairman of the age of marriage and lay special Red -ption Committee, Swamiji was emphasis on biahmch.irya. Learn- the first to deliver his address in ing that the Malkhana Rajputs Hindi. wanted to come back into the Hindu fold, he hastened to embrace them Being pressed to take charge of and established the Hharat Sluuldln (iurukula again, Swamiji served his Sabha to coiiveit them. dear creation for 2 years more and then again stepped forth like a His woik for the deputed class- to the was new as a he Knight Errant help need)' es nothing ; pleader and ihe distressed. had taken a very active part in up- lifting the two depressed classes in In 1022, (iuru-ka-bagh Satyagraha the Punjab, Me-h and K.d.tian. He I'l.dh.n i i was started by Akalis. The govein- now set up 'Dalu Sabh '. ment sided with the Mahant am! society for the u[ lilt ot the depress- intlii ted ternble torture upon the ed classes in Delhi ami entrusted it Sitv.ijT.ihi -M-einn his brothers in to 1 )\. Siikh Pev ji, that tireless, 1 1 i .. \\.ikei Swamiji h istcned to Amrit- selfless, and enthusiastic I the S itya:;iahis tint \\ ho- e cervices in this direction have Hindus were with them in then i\ ,-n i diet to thoui amis n .11 1 1 i i], S,. amiji was ii". led and distn nnpi isoin-d in Mont^onieiy jail, where h'! wiote his l.rn lUJ autobio- 'l"o tlllthel thl (/.Ulse i I S/ ' S, he the I'rdu : started jih\ l\ //\./;;-.\liir:'-l\ u anil //..<_, ;//;,;;/. PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 145 ' which is at Tej,' present the most heroic stamp. He was like a Field- popular Urdu in Delhi. daily marshal, who could fight on many fronts at once with full presence of received Swamiji persistent calls mind. He was superb in organisa- from the South to ameliorate tion. The success with which the the condition of the non-brahmans. Dayanand centenary at Mathura Our hero ever to where ready help was celebrated bears eloquent testi- was went to the herp needed, South, mony to his wonderful powers of lectured in to many places, gave the organisation. He. was Kshatrya people the message of liberty, both by birth and worth. Whatever equality and fraternity and started he did he did with the air of ' a The Liberator ' to paper raise a hero. Whatever he achieved, he the condition of the non-brahmans. achieved with the confidence of a hero. 'A hero is a hero For a long time need had been at all points.' He inarched on this felt for Gurukula" for "Kanya pilgrim of the path of righteousness as there was a Gurukula girls, for and obstacles flew from his presence boys at Kangri. Seth Kaghu Ma], like chaff before the wind. He was a great devotee of Swamiji promised born to conquer and subdue. He to one Lakh for give the purpose. lived like a gaint amidst a genera- So the foundation stone was laid in tion of pigmies. He was mighty 1923 in Delhi by Swamiji The and magnanimous. By serving the institution has now been shifted to lowly and the lost he relieved the Dehra Dun. where under the effi- pain of his heart. He never dis- cient management of Shrimati Vidya owned the poor. He never bent the Vati Seth a< B.A., very austere and knee before insolent might. selfless soul, the K'anya Gurukula is doing very useful work for the The vigour with which he was physical, mental, and moral develop- pushing on the \\ork of Shuddhi and ment of young girls. Sangathan, was very keenly resented by a section of the Muslims, who We have had a bird's eye view deputed a fanatic toassassinate him. of the life of Swami Shradrlhanand. One day in 19^t> while Swamiji was One wonders at the inexhaustible lying in bed, one Al.dui Kashid energy of this man. Many were the came upstairs and expressed a activities in which he took a leading desire to discuss some religious part. Throughout the length and question with him. Swamiji replied breadth of India, from whatever a that immediately on recovery he cry of distress or need of service would appoint a time for the pur- arose, there Swami Shraddhanand pose. The visitor asked for a cup with the utmost expedition arrived. of water, which \\as at once brought. was He an embodiment of hope, The man drank it, quieted his agitat- faith, and enthusiasm He was ed mind and finding himself nlone endowed with a clear sight and a with Swamiji, took out a loaded strong will. He was a born leader. revolver and sent thrte shots right Tall and strongly built, he had a very through the breast of our hero, and powerful personality. His appear- finished him at once. Hearing the ance, his gait, his speech all bore the sound of shots, the servant who had 146 ITNJAU'S EMINENT HIM'TS brought water rushed to the room to Truly, it may be said of : arc the assassin but was shut in Swamiji, a hero's life he lived and the leg and disabled. Then Pandit a martyr's death he died. The day .1 which beheld the Uharam Pal ji, Vidya Alankar, funeral procession brave graduate uf Gurukula and in honour uf Swamiji pass through the person il secretary of Swamiji the bazars of Delhi will lon^ reni.iin appeired on the scene, rluiv.; the a memorable diy in the histur issin on the floor, got hold <>t his that city. People said that such a wrist with a most powerful t;rip, so procession had never been taken ut thit he could not move his hand, even in honour of kin^s. May the kept him pr 1 beneath his k martyr r>--t in ]>eace and may the till the Police Otficer arrived and 1 'i I IK LIBRARY ASTIW. LfNOX AND T1LDKN FOUNDATIONS 1 I 6 r o g I o C . B Hakhshi bir lek hand. Kt M A . LL Rrrired jiuUu- Lahore Hi^h C'ourt L. QJhand. (By N. B. Sen.) "Four things belong to a judge," who came in contact with him. says Socrates, "to hear courteously, to answer wisely, to consider soberly Bakhshi Tek Chand took his and to decide impartially." Any- early education at Nurpur and then body who has had the occasion to at Dharamsala, from where he came study the career of Bakhshi Sir Tek to Lahore and joined the Central Chand on the Bench of the Lahore Model High School. Later, he High Court will agree that as a Judge shifted to the D. A. V. High School, he displayed all these qualities in an from where he passed his matricula- abundant measure. The Law tion examination in 1898, in the Reports of his time provide a con- First Division. It would be of clusive proof of the valuable addi- interest to mention here that tions he has made to the legal Sir Tek Chand, at one stage of his literature of our land. After making life, officiated as Honorary Head- legal history for sixteen years, he has master of this great school for a short recently retired with the reputation as time. After matriculating, he joined one of the most eminent judges who the Government College, Lahore, ever adorned His Majesty's Bench- where he had a brilliant career. In es in India. 1902, he graduated with distinction, with Applied and Pure Mathematics Born on the 26th of August, as his elective subjects. Two years 1883, at Nurpur, in Kangra Dis- later, he took the M.A. degree in in the trict, in the well-known Bakhshi History, standing first pro- family of Punjab Chiefs, Bakhshi vince and beating the previous Tek Chand grew up to be a typical record of the Punjab University in example of a worthy son of a worthy that subject. In 1905, he passed father. Bakhshi Jaishi Ram, a well- the LL.B. examination, standing in order of merit known philanthropist, a distinguished second amongst educationist and a leading lumin- the successful candidates. ary of the Lahore Bar, was also he amongst the first batch of prominent In January 1906, got himself Congressmen in the Punjab. Indeed, enrolled as a Pleader and practised the District it was he who, with a very few for two years in Courts this his others, first kindled the flame of of Lahore. During period work as a in the first political thought in this province junior pleader and won for himself a name, which important political trial in the pro- Sedi- is still remembered with feelings of vince, namely, the Punjabee aftection and admiration by all those tion Case, won for Bakhshi Tek 1-tS ITNJAB'S KMINENT HINDI'S ad the high appreciation of his able among the criminal cases con- seniors both in the trial and the ducted by him was the famous Delhi S i;is Courts. In 1908 he'wis Conspiracy Case of 19H. The effi- 1 .is .i First Grade 1 ciency with which he assisted his <>t the Chief Court. From the very Senior, Mr. Norton, won him high beginning of his carct-r.it the liar, lie appreciation of the latter who was .'.' 1 th it h.inl an 1 dili^'nt work greatly struck by his ability. paid good dividends, sp.-cially in the pi":ession of Law. H.- had aln-adv Several years later, he tooka lead- acquired the habit of hud w-nk and ing part in preparing the defence in .- vi -ra nee in h\^ c lle^e d i \-~. So the Martial Law Cases of 1919. he worked still liarder. II-- studied Those were dreadful days, when the his cases carefully ai.d pr- --.ented entire province uas groaning ui them before the Law Courts with the heels of military officialdom. skill and dexterity. The results Any one who lifted his little finp r were excellent. \Viy -oon he was in aid of the 'Rebels' was a marked ' marked out as the coming1 mrm'.-! man. Nobody could dare to symj a- thepr .fession: The judfees formed a thise with the accused pcrs. high opinion about his w-rk and arrayed before the dill'erent Martial worth as a lawyer. Law Tribunals, without incun the serious displeasure of the autho- ' 1 "To succeed as a lawyer, says rities. Brave hearts grew nervous. Lord Eldon, "a man must \\otk lik-- Courage failed many. Nob a horse and live like a hermil dared to run the risk. Hut Hakh- And there is no doubt that Hakhshiji slnji, unmindful of the danger in- has always lived upt<> that ide il. volved and unconcerned with the \\'hether in professional woik or in e,rave consequences, came fciuaid public if e, it lias bei-M his motto to and at IUIL;-- pir-M;al sacrifice of work hard with xe.il and sinr.-ii:v time and money shared the grief of in the of his duties and 'he of discharge the victims oppression ; conducted h is always lived a simple and noble their ca es frete of charge and allow- life. This has endeared him t<> all ed his flourishing practice to suti- r who have' known him, and brought for the time being. Hut what he him success sooner than he expected. temp, lardy lost in his practice, he His colleagues i n the profession as ".lined in the respect and admiration also the Judges were L'le.iilv impres- of the people. It \\as he, again, by his wonderful knack of who at great personal sacrifice, putting his case jn a n >n\ n rendered highly valuable assistance manner, his extensive knowledge ot I.. I'andit Mot'i Lai Nehru, Mi. C.K'. --1 iv. and his m astei ly adv. .c icy, Das, Mr. Jayakar, Mr. Abl.as v.hich pl.i. , d him in the fore-front Tayabji and others in sifting of the distinguished lawyers of the ami collecting material on b< half of L.lhoie I ',ar I |c devoted himself the public for presentation to the i c< ma inly t<> ivil woi k, >mpi i Hunter Committee about the injury intricate commen ia 1 and civil ca: caused by the Mailial Law adminis- ( bu! he made his mark ei|iiall\- well in tration to the Pim).ib in 1 '19. And criminal work, whenever anv when, subsequently, a Committee W.I elltlUSted to lli'll. was appointed by the Government PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 149 to allot compensation to the victims for the Punjab Legislative Council of that administration, Bakhshi from the Lahore Constituency, in Tek Chanel, \vas one of its members opposition to an official Congress and he rendered valiant services by candidate. Bakhshiji planned his obtaining adequate compensation for electoral campaign with great care such victims. This br< -light him and foresight. With the help of into direct contact with the public Lala Lajpat Rai and Pandit Madan life and he began to take a greater Mohan Malviya, as also clue interest in public afairs. When in to the support of all right- 1920, the Punjab Congress Com- thinking voters, he was able to mittee was revived after the dark achieve a brilliant victory at the days of Martial Law, Bakhshi Tek polls, defeating his rival with a subs- Chand became its General Secretary tantial majority. Thus Bakhshiji at the time when all public life in the had a triumphant entry into the province had been all but smothered. Legislature of our province. It was He, however, resigned that office the wish of Lalaji and other leading when the Congress adopted the Hindus that being one of the best in- policy of non-co-operation. tellectuals of our province, Bakhshiji should lead the in the His reputation as a great lawyer Opposition Council. Great were and selfless worker in the public cause things expect- him in that But had by this time travelled beyond ed from capacity. another the borders of this province. He fate was weaving pattern him. was requested to defend the famous for Defamation suit Sir brought by Soon after his election, he was Micheal O'Dwyer against Sir offered a permanent seat on the S.mkaran Nair its crucial through Bench of the Lahore High Court in Lahore. Needless to stage say in a newly created post. This offer that he conducted the case with amounted to a great tribute to the his usual skill and which were ability legal talents of Bakhshi Tek Chand, admired the and the greatly by press as it was the first instance of its kind, public of this country. where an Indian was offered a Puisne Judgeship straightaway. Shortly after the Martial Law the offer was to sacri- regime, Lala Lajpat Rai returned to To accept career as a his homeland and began to take fice not only a brilliant but also a lucra- greater interest in the public affairs public man, highly tive at the Bar; for of this province. The great Lala practice Bakhshi Chand's annual income had the knack of finding suitable Tek at that time exceeded a lac of rupees persons with patriotic leanings for it was not an affair to life. His unerring eye fell on and easy public But he Hakhshi Tek Chand- In him he make such a huge sacrifice. consolation, discovered a sincere man of public eventually agreed, finding as by Sir (now Lord) spirit endowed with a genuine desire aptly' put the-then Governor to serve his people. He wanted to Malcolm Hailey, of the in the belief that make full use of Bakhshi ji and with Punjab, is better this end in view he selected him to "high legal talent employed in than in pleading contest, a seat in 1926, as a Con- dispensing justice for it." gress Nationalist Party Candidate, 150 I MINKS! HI S I', ikhshi Tek Chand was at any Stage discourage the lawyers. elevated to the Lahore Bench on the H-- rather encouraged Juniors, and 26th of January, 1''_'7, amidst ^reat thus gained their allection acclamations tmm all sections of the regard. N'.. : .iwyer ever came out of Prv-s and the public. The loss ot the i"ourt with the feeling tl at he puhhc was tin- ivun oi tin- Bench. was n->t unen a patient h'-niir^. At His talents now found lull -cope and times. Mr. J ustice Tek Chanel : irom the very beginning he estab- have been searchinuly analytical or lished his n-putation .IN one ot the xictiii" in search of tiut.h, (jut most comp<-t.-nt judges in l:idi \ he \v',.ld never heckle the counsel Hi-- jur.ici.il pronouncements earned appealing beton- him. lUinii^ In- him applause from all quarters. In long and distinguished career, it i- the very first Full Bench on which dithnilt to find a single mst.ince in he sat (as reported in 1. L. K. 8 which he snubbed or discouraged a was Lahore 384 1, his In he was a "judgment lawyer. fact, great characterised as a Storehouse of of the of the " champion privileges 1 inform uion and a 'Treatise Mar anil always upheld its dignity 1 ' on the Law of Res Judicita. The both in word and deed. With his reputation thus earned w.i-i steadi- brother-judges he always enjoyed ly enhanced by the great ability mutual respect, confidence and co- which he showed throughout his operation. career on the Bench. There is hardly any branch of the Law As a tribute to his success on of which he has not got a detailed the Bench, the title of Knight- knowledge. His erudite learning. hood was conferred upon him deep knowledge of the principle^ , f in 1942. To bid him farewell at the Law and un-erring precision of his time of his relinquishing the charge judgments, placed him amongst of the high office, a function was the front rank of the judicial giants of held in his honour, on the 28th of the country. It is said th.it the January, 1943, in the Court of the more intricate and complex the Hon'ble the Chief Justice, Lahore. problem before him, the greater was I'ruscs were showered on him by all the enthusiasm and the confidence the speakers. The leader of the with which he came to 141 ip- with it Lahore Hi^h Court Bar, Laia ft .. w and the m<>re lucid tl;- manner in the II. n'bleMr. Justice) Mehr Ch m.! which he unravelled the intrira. Mahajin, in the course of his lan- well addre-s to Sn T< U I hand, said: It Would L'Mlie .1- a SUlpIl-e t<> many that Mr. Justice Tek ('hand, "\Vlii-n Your I.cTiKhip took \eur seat on the voii \v,-rt during his career, adorned thr lai BeiK-li, pK\.>- rJ to 'I ili.it I in.iv number of Fall Bentlusand deluet- nbji-tvi'. pr.iv I i- .il'K- tn pi'itortn tnv judicial i nl the , . number I l-'ull Bi-nch tUIK'tlOHS III UMT I'l Cicii .Illli in the Judgment -. Lahore IluJi uitln'ut li'.u ot in. in. r.-tf it Jli-s~ ot :rt. The in' ' t not ib!e tiling pny coniideracions ol caste, creed, ' nitiHiniiv "i o loin ^'l ur LotJ- about him was bis unfailii urtesj >li: . n ,ih!v- to acliu-vi- the towards the membe;- < ,} the I'.ai. idi-.-il yi u IKIIJ s^t toitli I', fbre vou. A monomen t of patience andsobiu-ty, Viiiili.ivi- Jotit- |u>tiii' bit ween he would ne\ ei lis t< mpei nm in. MI .nul man. .nul nun ,MH! St.iti-, PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 151 without fear or favour and have lawyer, there can be no question kept unsullied the sacred Fountain whatsoever and this Court is ilie of Justice and have held (he highest poorer for his retirement. He has tradition of the Bench." sat on this Bench until he has reached the age of retirement and Mr. Mohcl. Advocate- Sleem, but for that fact we might still General, Punjab, remarked : have had the pleasure of his com- and the of his "Your Lordship's tremendous capa- pany advantage learning for many years to comi-. city for work and your Lordship's He is when he is at amazing knowledge of Case Law retiring really the of his won admiration of your colleagues height judicial and the praise of the Bar. Your capacity." Lordship's pronouncements on in- The entire Press of the province tricate of Civil Law, questions also paid glowing tributes to his more the Hindu Law particularly, attainments both as a and as and Customary Law of the Punjab lawyer will serve as a permanent and use- a Judge. The "Tribune," Punjab's ful guide to the Bench and the greatest English Daily, in its issue was held in Bar. Your Lordship dated the 29th January, 1943, ob- high esteem by the Bar not only served editorially : because of your Lord.-hip's legal Sir Tek Chand learning, but also because your "To-day Justice his seat on Lordship treated the members of practically relinquishes the Bar with courtesy." the Bench of the Lahore High Court by proceeding on leave not the the Last, though least, preparatory to retirement. Sir Hon'ble the Chief Justice, Sir Tek Chand is not only the senior- Trevor Harries, who took charge of most Puisne Judge of the Lahore High Court, but the seniormost this high office only nine days before Puisne Judge in all India." this function, was pleased to ob- "He is a great Judge, and one of the serve : three or tour best Judges that "We meet this morning on a some- India can claim to possess to-day. what melancholy occasion. This The high respect that he commands Court has been convened to bid and the popularity that he so Chand. is due to farewell to Mr. Justice Tek justly enjoys as a Judge He came to the Bench from the an extraordinary combination in Bar and he came having already him of the essential qualiticauons won the confidence of his col- of a Jud4e, his keen intellect, his has and leagues at the Bar. He great knowledge of Law the his administered justice now for grasp of legal principles, long last 16 years and, as you have experience as a practising lawyer heard, he still retains the complete and the commanding position that confidence of the Bar from which he occupied at the Bar at the he came." time of his appointment to the his uncommon judicial His Lordship Bench, Continuing, acumen and the integrity, indepen- said : dence and impartiality that he has of the throughout his career as "When I came to India, one exhibited - and last, but not least, the first names I came across was a Judge that he that of Mr. Justice Tek Chand. indu-try and thoroughness he brought with him to There is no branch of Law that has always of his has not considered in detail and the discharge judicial with which he is not conversant. duties." will always be cool The Law Reports A gentleman with a calm, a memorial to his work as a Judge. and unruffled temperament, Bdkhshi That Sir Tek Chand is a great K'XJAb'S 1 MINES 1 Ill- Sir iVrv Chuid is deep like an i'.h virtues like piritual in hi> outlook on -in t i i:y, ind spirit life. Men of learning are al\\ay>. of service, tl.ere M no doubt that as ll scon c. his course < : modest : ->o is he. you haj as he .\ill n,. -t to have even a r,<>d,.ing acqun be \\elcome with him, you can expect h;;n to any institution or movement in this t you at .nee on the road. 11<- vmce. would never u.i it -:ed l>y .: hist. Such an unassum:. -MIL; his c.treer at the Bar. he ^ bearing has endeared him to all .retary .irni President of the those who have come into contact I'.A.V (."ollege Managing Ccm- with him in any stage oi hi.s life. miti twenty-h\- and During his conversation, he would at much personal sacrifice rendered neither like to display his irn- valuable services to thi t insti- ing nor even talk of his pa-t achieve- tution. He also remained on the ment-- <-r future ambitions. Directorate of the Punjab National Hank Limited, Lahore, ard the In his college days, he UM.-U L ik-hmi Insurance C. Limit- t play Hockey and Tennis, but ever ed, Lahore, for some time and his Miice he entered life, he has given name really proved an asset to these up active Barnes and has t ik- -n to premier commercial concerns of this evening walks. This gives him some province At pre-ent he is Chairman relaxation. His hobby is generally of the Board of Trustees of Sir tn read books, specially on History interested. In 1932, he went to vices by collecting lacs of rupee^ : r Europe on a pleasure trip and its new Hospital and organising the ( visited almost all the important Balak R im Medical . which C'.untne-. on the Continent and have begun functioning only recent- studied with great interest, their ly. It is he, indeed, who first lit-. a rirst political, social and economic conceived the idea of rate Thus being rich in experience and non-official mei'.ical college in rich in attainments, no wonder that Lahore and whose concenti. ever since his retirement, he hri> elt- rts and forceful persoi ality have been offered by various States in brought .it). nit the accomplishment India the posts of Chid Justice and of that idea in so short a - Judicial Minister, but he ha> pi-rsi<- time. The valuable \vork which he tently been declining the same poli- ha^ been doini: first later as S\ in: . tely, presumably because he \\.tnts and an important I to enjoy his well-earned i efore the Punjab 'n:\cr-itv has been deciding t" take his next btep. It i^ i.itfd in th'- educa- - . what coin :ion tion n c-ii f our pro\ ince. hi< acti\i'!'-^ v.i 1 take in future, hut Though these- activit: l.eiieti- ' are r\. t > it : that SUCl brilliant ci.il, they --upp be brain r lit idle for loi ! he sufficient. The pn>vii cts him must decide sooner '.r later ; t still gn in th-- b---t he at1 which hi- is a- his country v.ay , certainly caj thinks proper. ble END PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS 133 (Continued from Page I3U). Last, though not the least, Sir Sir Shadi L;il would give the benefit Shadi Lai made vigorous efforts of his rich experience to the province to remove Bribery, Corruption and by entering Public lite. But before from the Communalism Judiciary of he laid reigns of his high office, he this Province. How far His Lordship was appointed a Member of the Judi- succeeded in his object is a moot cial Committee of His Majesty's question. Suffice it to say that his Privy Council in England. After brilliant successor, Sir Douglas working there for about five years, Young, who took charge from him as the Right Hon'ble Dr. Sir Shadi Chief Justice of the Lahore High Lai resigned, as the climate of Court had also to exert a good deal, London did not suit him. His throughout his stay of about eight Lordship's colleagues on the Privy, years in this province, to remove the Council were greatly struck by his above evils. With what results, we ability, scholarship and judicial all know. As a matter of fact, the acumen. At the timeof his departure, germs of these diseases have found they expressed very high opinions the climate of this province very about His Lordship's work and worth congenial for their breeding and any- as a Judge. Since 1939, Sir Shadi Lai body who succeeds in destroying is enjoying his well-earned rest. He them will perform nothing but a needs it. But it is hoped that he mirncle. Bribery and Corruption would once again play his part in the are still rampant whereas Communal- Federal Legislature, as and when it is ism and Nepotism have many well- formed and serve his country with his wishers in this province. ability experience and merit, by virtue" of which, he has earned so It was thought that after his reti- much of glory for himself and his rement from the Lahore High Court, Motherland. . PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS. -- -- rrv.i "NT HINDI'S. a ftwk fat M tit TI lore. NTS or si i AKI:SPI;ARI: Ileing a Treasury of 3,10 Thoughts. Classified under 2 <0 -S BY M. $. Sai Editor. "The Literary Star,'' Lahore. r REVIEWS A useful and well-arranged publication. Sir Henr\ Craib. Very useful and well-arranged Sir Stkander HiatK 1 I find it an admirable production Si> Do;. . i-ii^ ! a Imire rhc. labour spirit Sir Tek Chand. His choice -h.i\v- a highly cultured taste Sir G. C \\iriinf. It is the only book of its kind. -5:> .V .V Sirhar. It is an admirable production. 5:- Af .V M:tl,-rjee. Mr. Sen has laboured prodigiously. Sir P C. Ra\. You will find fascinating quotations in it. It will be'ueful as a Reference Book. Sir Radha Krishnan. A valuable addition to the library of the Viswa Bharti- Sir Rubindra Natli T.. Pages 336. Price Rs 3-12-0. Postage Extra. NEW BOOK SOCIETY PUBLISHERS, POST BOX No. 47, LAIIOKK. PUNJAB'S EMINENT mxrns tAe " The author has rendered invaluable service to the literary world by writing this useful book, which is the result of years of study, labour and concentration." Tribune, Lahore. "The arrangement of subjects is excellent, and the selection superb. The volume which speaks well for Mr. Sen's scholarship and industry fills a long-felt gap." New Book Digest, Bombay. " Though not an original work, it involves a cultural background of high order. The nature of the selections indicates the poet in him." Indian Literary Review, Bombay "Mr. Sen combines erudition with a sensitive perception of the intuitive depths of knowledge. He is a close, careful and interested student of Shakespeare." Amrita Bazar Patrika, Calcutta. " The book will be of great help to writers and speakers who want to embellish or add force to their writings and speeches." Modern Review, Calcutta. "There are innumerable anthologies and selections of Shakespeare but perhaps this is the only one of its kind published in India." Orient Weekly, Calcutta. "The author's treatment of the subject proves his learning, and thoughtf ulness and fine literary taste. We admire this book hope it will be much appreciated by the scholars." Anand Bazar Patrika, Calacntta. " It is difficult to say whether one has ever had anything of this sort from any Indian reader and Mr. Sen deserves the honour due to a pioneer." The Whip, CaLuttn. of "The average man will find in this volume a store-house dainty delicacies, neatly docketed and arranged." Hindustan Standard, Calcutta. "You open this book and you will find yourself in a Garden of Literary Delight." Romance, Calcutta. '' Mr. Sen shows taste and judgment in his selections, to be desired.' design and execution of the work leave nothing Ini/ian Rtvieic, Madras. " '' Mr. Sen is endowed with, as Carlyle says, a seeing eye.' The work constitutes an of rare exellence. It testifies anthology ' editor. the profound scholarship and ardour of the Hindu, Madras. |-L'SJ\ MNF.ST J . *J * * i '*14 T .111 I i , I I T I t HJ* Jill i Jl READ AND ADVERTISE IN "THE LITERARY STAR" Punjab's Popular Illustrated Monthly Journal. Contains Articles on Literary, Political, Social, Educational and Commercial Topics of the day. .Managing J\L ft. Sett Rates of Subscription. Yearly ... Rs. 10- ... Single Copy ... Re. 1 Half-yearly ... Rs 6- ... Annual Number Rs 2 Rates of Advertisement. - Title Page ... Rs. 100 ... Half Page ... Rs. 50 - Ordinary Page Rs. 80 ... Quarter Page ... Rs. 25 * * ^ For details please apply to: *- 4- THE llTERARY STAR, Post Box No. 47, *: H- LAHORE. 1VN JAIi S FMINPAT IIIMU 5. NATIONAL BANK OF LAHORE LIMITED . THE MALL, LAHORE. A "II '"I* M ill Hi I ' I |U II | ,,,|L UIHI IP Ml Illllll in P .!!. M ,. <\ record. Working Capital exceeds NEW1 Crore\26 Lacs in the first 5 months. RDS most modern and efficient service. system gone. Cheques cashed in TOKENa minute. Free Lockers shortly for INTRODUCINGuse of our esteemed customers. sS a palatial building equipped with most modern furniture. more worries about the safety of late collec- tions. Use our "Late Hours' Vault." Safety, Secrecy, Service and Satis- i ASSURESfaction. Assistant to attend to Pardah Lady LADYclients. ^T j a FAQIR CHAND ANAND, F. I. B. (LOND.). 'in^ Director. c? INEN1 Hisrr>s I Hh First National Bank Limited Head Orfice: THE MALL. LAHORE a,.,,*!! Office: CHANDNI CHOWK. DELHI SIX SPECIAL FEATURES 4. int- rc-t rates 1. SPECIAL tacihtirs to War ATTKACTIYK for l)epoM: rs. 5. Sl'1-A'lAL mU'r---t rate- for hrift- i-n^l :it C< 'Ml'F- Wi >- s 1 1 1 1 > mil 1 : BtS 1 1 1 1 n n TlTIYi: rates. 6. Sl'MCIAL interest ..n L;U.I- > |; ; lls coll.-cted at C< r.inteed balance-- in accouir T1TIV1. rates IF YOU DEAL WITH "FIRST NATIONAL" secret. silV. 4 - Your remain 1. Y,,u keep your mney dealings 5. You l--ss ch.ir^- -s. 2. You keep your m-rvi-s strong. p.i> industries. 0. You earn in. -r- cent. 3. You help national per START DEJLINGS WITH THIS NATIONAL INSTITUTION I Ganpat Rai Marwaha. B A., Director. PUNJAB'S EMINENT MINIMA.. K AN ACCOUNT WITH THIE iw Bank off India Ltd. WILL. BRING YOU 3leiwui~ '- with Maximum Security AND Place at your disposal the services of A progressive institution Head Office: SUNLIGHT BUILDINGS. LAHORE. Branches : Amritsar Gujranwala Ludhiana Delhi Gujrat Multan City New Delhi Jullundur Rawalpindi C'ity Hoshiarpur J;immu 14, The Mrill, Lahore. Working Capital Exceeds Rupees TWO CRORES. 1 M. R. KOHLI, M.A., F.I.B.. (Lond.) Director. IP'S i M!\H S I UI\ri>S Safety EVERY MAN NEEDS A EVERY MAN ON EARTH MEEDS A PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK..I? ST>. 1895 H.O. THE MALL, LAHORE BRANCHES-ALL OVER INDIA 1 ITN |.\r. s I'MINKNT MIVIH ^ THE TRADERS' LTD. BANK, f |u (ESTABLISHED 1933) LAHORE Stands /W I Service More Service Still More Service \ o HEAD OFFICE: Traders' Bank Building, Lahore. BRANCHES: Karachi, New Delhi, Delhi, Hissar, Ludhiana, jj Jullundur, Amritsar, Krishen Nagar (Lahore), | | Gujranwala, Sialkot, Jammu, Rawalpindi, | ; . Srinagar (Kashmir). jj o AC;ENCIES : Calcutta and all over India. I | London, Bombay, o s of ffiMifkiny ffiudUiMA faantactzd. D SHIV RAJ RAGHU RAJ, BHALLA, | Secretar\. Managing Dnector. o- HIM'l'- THE SIMLA BANKING & INDUSTRIAL COMPANY, 1 IMITFTV I ABLISHED NN III- AD OFFICE : No. I. Bank Buildings, SIMLA. .V,l VC/7A.S SIMLA, NEW DELHI. AMRALA, LUDHIANA, HOSH1ARPUU, LAHORE AND HARDWAR. Abridged Balance Sheet as on 3lst March, 1943. Rs. As. IV Ks. As. iv. ( 1 i (' o I'aui-ui <~.ipitrl 5,27,975 i-h with Bankers 16,66,807 Reserves \ ( )ther Funds 3,20.055 Investments -."11 o Dep< sit-- 12 I-. >ans 0,815 M (> - Bank, i 7.18.908 I'rnperties 6 Bills .,408 Mills Other Accounts o o <>th.:r Ass U TOTAL K- ... 1,0 6 TOTAL Rs. ... 1,04,22.0'Jf) ' \\.-ii. 1'i.uik h.i> L;IIH- up (ruin Ks. 75,11,407/- t,, K'- 1 ing th'- financial year l'MJ-43 ami h.is d..ul)l.-d vtsdt since th-- previous Bnancial yi-.n l'Hi--tJ. N. K. VERMA, B.A. r Secretary. Pl'NJAB'S EMINENT HINDUS ( JOOC30JC300C30.1 o I THE BHARAT BANK, LIMITED. ^eadO^cfi: DELHI. BRANCHES THROUGHOUT INDIA. I AUTHORISED CAPITAL . Rs. 20,00,00,000 ISSUED CAPITAL ... Rs. 15.00,00,000 PAID-UP-CAPITAL . Rs. 2,01,37,175 Chairman : Seth RAM KRISHNA DALMIA I lie Bank through the medium 01 its Head Ollice and Country-wide brancnea oners unrivalled and com- prehensive service lor all kinds or Modern Banking facilities throughout India g | o 1. D. GOSWAMY, RAJINDRA KUMAR JAIN, District Manager, Director-in-Charge. Punjab Circle. -* An.Arkrvli, Lahore, Bast: & N<\ w.vb^unj (U.P.) COMMENCED BUSINESS ON 21-4-43 j Authorised (\ipilal ks. I Crore Issued I- ., 21 | Subscribed Capital Lacs 4 Paid-l '|)-(\ipilal 0.5I :i n 11 1 r c- v i t S|,rri;i| .iii'jfinr lor llu- naif, |>u ri'riJlKt-j <>l ibarea 1. H.ivi SUMI Mills Company Liniito I. 2. \':iwahj;anj Siu.ir MilN Company l.imirod. 3. Pinijah Suji:ir Mills Co'np:iuy Limited. 4. Ciukal N'uiiar Su.nar Mills Company Limited. 5. Jngatjit SiiLjar Mills Company Limited. i\ K'.i: '.ills I .oinpany Limited. i 7. I iroat Sr , i ombinft ] .nni'ed. 8. Naranrt Iiuli; rii LimiieJ. 9. Sataswatt Insurance ( < -rMiiy Limited. 10. Steel A ( ieneral Mi'U Li in ed. ] 1. \ 8c O nipany Limited. All facilities known to modern Banking offered by this Progressive Institution. SIR G. C. NARANG, P. N. SONI, i Kt Ph M L A D . M A . Secretary & Manager, 1 airman Head Office. \J.\B'S EMINENT HINDU'S O ni lang->anl inni ifini tnru nni inni innt tnnl in.n in,i< \rni iaoi -. in/ii im ^ Mate Cultivating your Lands I WITH THE HELP OF MODERN MACHINERY I Get all P your requirements u i FROM THE AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY | i COMPANY, LIMITED. L- s g Traders' Bank Building, LAHORE. 8 3 5 I i SHIV RAJ BHALLA, i jj Managing Director. y 5 . - ll> _ . >Mf .. ...,..,. ...j JL^ >v< >uui iuuw_-, to ..,. M< PC CM ELECTRICALS LIMITED, Traders' Bank Building, LAHORE. EXHAUST FANS AND TABLE FANS Of Excellent Quality One of the newest enterprises of its kind. i SHIV RAJ BHALLA, Managing Ihri^tor. PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINIH'S ELFA FANS i Well known for their quality & Durability' A. C. & D. C. Both Ceiling & Pedestal MANUFACTURED BY The Elect deal iFaint C- LTD. Traders Bank Building, LAHORE. SHIV RAJ BHALLA, Managing Director. - , IINEN HIM THE " PUNJAB SAFE DEPOSIT LIMITED.== H- COMPANY, t I raders Bank Building, LAHORE. -H + Lockers on Hire and ^ * Vaults for Safe Custody Fully Air Conditioned SHIV RAJ BHALLA, Director. ITNJAH'b H \ 1 1 1 x/M -vAT V-.r vFST W x/-xp-"\J \f f AMRITSAR GOOD IN COLOUR BETTER IN TASTE BEST IN QUALITY SATYA PAUL VIRMANI, Managing P> PUNJAB'S EMINENT The Narang Industries Ltd. Nawabganj (Gonda) U.P. Manufacturers of: Maize Starch (Pearl & Powder) Thin Boiling Starches, Soluble Starches, Dextrines British Gums, Custard Powder & Corn Flour. Manufactured entirely b\ INDIAN CAPITAL INDIAN LABOUR INDIAN MANAGEMENT A/6. :aging Agents: Narang Brothers & Co. Ltd. Fu Nawabganj (Gonda) 3. Montgomery Road. O. & T. Rly. Lahore. fTNJAK'S EMINKNT HINDI'S THE NAWABGANJ SUGAR MILLS CO. LTD., Nawabganj (Distt. Gonda) U.P. Manufacturers of : * PURE & CRYSTALLINE SWADESHI SUGAR which can stanJ competition with any imported sugar. *- Manufactured entirely by : INDIAN CAPITAL INDIAN LABOUR INDIAN MANAGEMENT \Ianiigintf Agents : Narang Brothers & Co. Ltd. Fac;o' v a: : Road, ^- Nawabganj (Gonda) 3. Montgomery Lahore. O. & T. Rly. h Ml SI si HIM' - + - - - + ,+ - - t Jupiter Investment Trust Limited. FINANCIERS & UNDERWRITERS (Already declared two Interim Dividends for the periods ending +- 31-12-1942 and 31-3-194 J /' 5| % on Preference Shares. 6% on Ordinary Shares and 7 " on Deferred Shares.) Authorised Capital Rs. 50.UU.OUO Subscribed ( Rs. 37.32,125 Paid-up Capital Rs. 18,71,345 - BOARD OF DIRECTORS s R MR MULK RAJ AGGARWAL, Cirector MR. A SURI, Director : Mills Ltd. Lain" Lrd. The Ajudhia Textile __. ( 1 ) Punjab Notional H;uik, (2> Lah "MK-uily Co., Ltd. MH JHABAR MAL CHOKHANI. 4. National Bank 01 Lahore, Ltd. Dir.v '!, National Bank of Lahore, Lt i. +- (4) National Investment fru't. . National Investment Trusr. Ltd. " ( i SAHIB LALA LABHA 1 . -mic.il Lril. RAI RAM, Work*. : . MR M R KOHLI. MA . Director tor, National Bank ot Lahore, I.:iks!imi Insurance Co., Lrd LtJ. National Investment Trust, Mofi.r & (1?n.-r.il Finance Ltd. Ltd.. The Punjab Textile Mills, Ltd M,!. Director, New Hank of Indi.i, Ltd. SETH SHANTI NARAYAN. MR SHAMBU LAL PURI, Bar-at.Law Proprietor, Pucka Hosiery Mills Member. Local Board, Reserve Bank L .iun | of India (Delhi), Director, Sunii^lit of India Insurance Co.. Ltd., Lahore. MR. MEGH RAJ MAHAJAN DR GANESHI LAL AGGARWAL, M.B.B.S. Director. National Bank of Nrw Hank of India. Ltd. Sialkot. Director, . Ltd.. Hrad Office : M. R. KOHLI. SUNLIGHT BUILDINi.. MA, l.l.B (London) Ph.- M^ll. Lahore. Managing Director. PUNJAP.'S EMINKNT HINDUS ie AMRITSAR SPINNING MILLS, AMRITSAR. I Produces GOODS IF UHtilVALlED QUALITY DURABILITY Y. R. PUR1, Esqr., B.A., B.Sc. (Lend.) A.M.I.S.E. (England) Head Office: 3, Temple Road, Lahore. Sole Proprietor. PUNJAB'S KMIM.MI HINTHS THE f 1 Ajudhia Textile Mills Limited, I f Head Office: 47, The Mall, Lahore. I Mtimtfticturt > CLOTH of Different Varieties Prices to suit all Pockets & Qualities to suit all Tastes H O. Manager : Chiarman ; Mr. Dcv Dutt Guptn. R. B St-th Ram Rattan PUNJAB'S KMINENT HI SUNLIGHT OF INDIA I Insurance Ltd. Company j OFFERS L Mlc Lll Gallic G)lu3u (?)c kola tamp WHICH IS *' UNBEATABLE & UNPRECEDENTED In the History Insurance in India. When the children are ready for college, the money is ready to see them through! WHO ELSE DOES IT? Please apply for particulars to : THE SUNLIGHT OF INDIA INSURANCE CO., LTD., SUNLIGHT BUILDING, THE MALL. LAHORE. Director : Chairman : Managing The Hon'blc R. B. L. Bhim Sain Sachhar, Lala Ram Saran Das, B.A., LL.B., M.L.A. C.I.H.. M.CS. *- Pt/NJAI.'s FM1NI.NT :c= [f" T H'NJAH > KVINKNT HINDU* NARANG 4 INDUSTRIAL CONCERNS AH'S KMINKSI HINDI'S THE PUNJAB SUGAR MILLS Co., Ltd. Head Office: 3, MONTGOMERY ROAD, LAHORE. ^H FACTORIES AT GHUGLi, Disti. GORAKHPUR. GOKULNAGAR, Disti NAINITAL, (U.P.) Authorised Capital ... 12,00.000 Issued & Subscribed Capital 12.00000 Paid-up-Capital ... 12.00,000 Heserve Fun 11,65,371 BOARD OF DIRECTORS: 1. Sir G. C. NARANG, Chairman. 2 Dr. DEV RAJ NARANG. 3. Dr. SHIV DUTT. Gent.ru. \1 ana^t. r . Managing Agents: NARANG BROS. & Co.. Ltd. L KhSAK KAM NA1\A 1 PUNJAB'S EMINENT HINDI'S THE r- BASTI SUGAR MILLS ' COMPANY. LIMITED. Head Office : 3, MONTGOMERY ROAD, LAHORE. FACTORIES AT: BASTI and WALTERGANJ (U. P.) AUTHORISED CAPITAL ... 15,00,000 ISSUED & SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL 15,00,000 PAID-UP-CAPITAL ...... 15,00.000 RESERVE FUND ... 13,26,965 (UPTO 30th APH1L. 19431 ffioatd of. 3)itect&>t& : 1. Sir G. C. NARANG, (Chairman) ,2. L. KESAR RAM NARANG. 3. Dr, DEV RAJ NARANG. 4. Dr. SHIV DUTT. : General Manager : Managing Agtnts S NARANG BROS & Ltd. . Co., HONOKAKY MAGISTRATE, M.L.C. (U.P.) 1 .'I. , t- M HI.,! 'I S /GENERAL CTEEL & TV/JILLS COMPANY, LIMITED. Head Office : 3, MONTGOMERY ROAD, LAHORE. Factory at MUGHALPURA. M ANUFACT.' Railway Parts, Axil Boxes, Horn Block, Drag Boxes, Buffer Cases. ii MILLS 4 Sets Diametre 18 inches to 7 Suited fiat ALL CASTINGS CCIJNDS ^i TLAT A1 ""'."! Agent*: T t -lcnra- 'NARANG.' utdOffia 4614 Brothers & Co., Ltd. t-\,ctory: 4257 Narang PUNJAB'S KMINKN'I HINDI'S THE SITARA FILMS LTD. Ited Office: McLeod Road, LAHORE. DISTRIBUTORS EXHIBITORS PRODU CERS $aa*d of 1. LALA SHIV RAJ BHALLA, Mg. Director, Traders' Bank Ltd., & Punjab Safe Deposit Co., Ltd., Lahore. (Chairman). 2. DALSUKH M. PANCHOLI, Esg., Mg. Proprietor, Pancholi Art Pictures, Lahore. 3. RAN VI R SINGH VIK, ESQ., B.A., Mg. Proprietor, The 'Daily Milap' Lahore 4. HARKISHEN LAL BHALLA, ESQ. HARKISHEN LAL BHALLA, J Managing Director. Phone No. 2417. -JV III III lull Mill COMPANY, LIMITED. HEAD OFFICE LAHORE iTCCNGTH SERVICE & SECURITY i O . . l ' 1 1 li . I' T .. / n.ir .j All Over India & British East Africa IT N |A!'.'S FMINKNT MINI THE HOME OF QUALITY SERVICE HACAT M IF II ill & !RAL INSURANCE LIMITED UNDERWRITES S II ! MCTCP AND MISCELLANECLS ACCII ENT I III \ TELEGRAMS: Head Office: DELHI TELEPHONE 'BHARAT FIRE' 6, Daryaganj, Post Box 182. 6865 Chairman SETH RAMKRISHNA DALMIA. COUNTRY-WIDE ORGANIZATION. Branches opened at CALCUTTA MADRAS BOMBAY LAHORE LUCKNOW KARACHI & AHMEDABAD Other Branches Opening Shortly. Ambitious Agents < Workers to apply to any of the Branches WRITE for OUR Business & GENERAL PROSPECTUS Mr. P. P. GUPTA, Secretary. A DALMIA-JAIN ENTERPRISE. ; - . NJA :. -r ! . FEDERAL BANK OF INDIA (Pb.) LTD. I LAHORE. BOARD OF DIRECTORS I 1. RAI BAHAUl'R Mr B P VARMA Retired (. hief Engineer. Ex- Memhet Puhlic Service Co-nmission. Government of India Lahort RAI SAHU L. KANSHI RAM CHOPRA. Gavt Pensioner. Lahore < L Government 4 DIWAN CHASM. Military Contractor. Lahore I 024 . Mr RAGHU RAJ BHALLA, Secretary. Traders' Hank Ltd . Lahore. Mr. B K KAPUR. Secretary. Electrical Fan ck Motor Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Lahore 05b Mr. H C MATHUR B.A (Hons). F.R.E S (London) Managing % ^ Director (Ex-officio HESF.RVE FLND H, L'S.OOO DIVIDEND TO SHARE-HOLDERS ,x per c.nt INTEHrST ON FIXED DEPOSI I S 34 to 4 i it wording to amount and period INTEREST ON SAVING BANK S INIEHhST ON CLHHENT ACCOUNT I 1 pat-ionize tfiiz nutianuC ptct.^ie.vn'tit' huiifiiny uutitutian. THE SARASWATl INSURANCE COMPANV LIMITED OFFERS I ALL THAT IS BEST f- LATEST B IN INSURANCE TO-DAY. | AN IDEAL COMPANY TO INSURE WITH OR REPRESENT \Jhntrn... \\ontgomery Road. s]k Ci. C. NARANG. 1 I.AHOKE. Kt . M.A. !.!'.. ML A. ITNJAK'S EMINEM HINI>1'< I MAKE SHOPPING A PLEASURE VISIT DUNI CHAND KHANNA & SONS THK OLDLSI CITY DRAPKRS IN ANARKAU FACING *;ANPAT ROAD, LAHORK. THE HOUSE FOR Snptljtng & Cberptfjins CLOTHIN Save the Patient of Tonsils from the SLJCGECN'/ S Si! 1 USE Pt. THAKUR DUTTA Multani's u CURES TONSILS WITHOUT OPERATION " " A Medicine that has never Failed Price Rs. 1-8-0 per bottle MULTANI PHARMACY GUMTI BAZAR. LAHORE rc\ 5 REMEMBER Nanda Q I 1 Service Bus I CARS STATION WAGONS DE-LUXE COACHES I FOR KASHMIR I NEXT SUMMER i FOR Fashions & Marriage Requirements EAVOUR US WITH A VISIT JL INI w (La Iks Ih mii CLOTH IMIIEIRCHAINnrS ANARKALI, I. All* >KI . I ITNJAI'.'S I \IINKN HINDI'S af, < Style vuu For the latest in Crockery BIJJAMALL'S DHANIRAM STREET. ANARKALI, LAHORE. >autel in Gomfatt BY 'GREEN LINE 1 TO THE GREEN VALLEY OF IN DC-LUXE GREEN BUS LTD. H. O. LAHORE. y BRANCHES ALL OVER PRINCIPAL STATIONS IN INDIA. ri'NJAIi's KM INI \l HI vv1 v\r vsr v\r -vsr ^ I BHAB LA means ilhalllla Slh WELL-KNOWN FOR THEIR ai.ndl , Dignity ANARKALI IDyirabiilliiity AND THE MALL LAHORE. Bhalla Shoe Co. FOR LIFE INSURANCE* BOMBAY MUTUAL ON1V HI'IHI VIOIIH. THE OLDEST LIFE OFFICE IN INDIA Cliief Agents : Messrs. S. R. CHOPRA & Co. NISBc.1 KOAD. LAh', : >- > .i'o I