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The Poor Law of 1601
Tit) POOR LA.v OF 1601 with 3oms coi3ii3rat,ion of MODSRN Of t3l9 POOR -i. -S. -* CH a i^ 3 B oone. '°l<g BU 2502377 2 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Chapter 1. Introductory. * E. Poor Relief before the Tudor period w 3. The need for re-organisation. * 4. The Great Poor La* of 1601. w 5. Historical Sketch. 1601-1909. " 6. 1909 and after. Note. The small figares occurring in the text refer to notes appended to each chapter. Chapter 1. .Introductory.. In an age of stress and upheaval, institutions and 9 systems which we have come to take for granted are subjected to a searching test, which, though more violent, can scarcely fail to be more valuable than the criticism of more normal times. A reconstruction of our educational system seems inevitable after the present struggle; in fact new schemes have already been set forth by accredited organisations such as the national Union of Teachers and the Workers' Educational Association. V/ith the other subjects in the curriculum of the schools, History will have to stand on its defence. -
University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF LAW, ARTS & SOCIAL SCIENCES School of Social Sciences Poor Law Reform and Policy Innovation in Rural Southern England, c.1780-1850 by Samantha Anne Shave Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2010 i UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF LAW, ARTS & SOCIAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Doctor of Philosophy POOR LAW REFORM AND POLICY INNOVATION IN RURAL SOUTHERN ENGLAND, c.1780-1850 by Samantha Anne Shave Recent analysis in poor law history has uncovered the experiences of individual relief claimants and recipients, emphasising their role in the welfare process. The literature has, however, tended to draw a false dichotomy between understanding the experiences of the individual poor and understanding the administration of the poor laws. This thesis deploys a ‘policy process’ understanding of social policies, a concept developed in the social sciences, to understand the processes driving social policies under the poor laws. -
Press Release 4 March 2021
PRESS RELEASE 4 MARCH 2021 Press release – Thursday 4 March Wetherspoon is to open beer gardens, roof top gardens and patios at 394 of its pubs in England from Monday April 12. The pubs will be open from 9am to 9pm (Sunday to Thursday inclusive) and 9am to 10pm (Friday and Saturday), although some have restrictions on closing times and in those cases will close earlier. They will offer a slightly reduced menu, to include breakfast, burgers, pizza, deli deals, fish and chips and British classics. Food will be available from 9am to 8pm seven days a week. Customers will be able to order and pay through the Wetherspoon app, however, Wetherspoon staff will be able to take orders and payment at the table from those who don’t have the app. The Wetherspoon pubs will not be operating a booking system. Customers will be able to enter the pub to gain access to the outside area and also to use the toilet. Test and trace will be in operation and hand sanitisers will be available. Wetherspoon chief executive John Hutson said: “We are looking forward to welcoming our customers and staff back to our pubs.” PUB LIST – UPDATED 30 MARCH 2021 The pubs below will be opening their outdoor County Durham areas on 12 April 2021. The Stanley Jefferson, Bishop Auckland The Wicket Gate, Chester-le-Street Please note that table-bookings are not taken The Company Row, Consett in any of our pubs. The Bishops’ Mill, Durham The Ward Jackson, Hartlepool Bedfordshire The Grand Electric Hall, Spennymoor The Pilgrim’s Progress, Bedford The Crown Hotel, Biggleswade Cumbria -
The Poor Law of Lunacy
The Poor Law of Lunacy: The Administration of Pauper Lunatics in Mid-Nineteenth Century England with special Emphasis on Leicestershire and Rutland Peter Bartlett Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University College London. University of London 1993 Abstract Previous historical studies of the care of the insane in nineteenth century England have been based in the history of medicine. In this thesis, such care is placed in the context of the English poor law. The theory of the 1834 poor law was essentially silent on the treatment of the insane. That did not mean that developments in poor law had no effect only that the effects must be established by examination of administrative practices. To that end, this thesis focuses on the networks of administration of the poor law of lunacy, from 1834 to 1870. County asylums, a creation of the old (pre-1834) poor law, grew in numbers and scale only under the new poor law. While remaining under the authority of local Justices of the Peace, mid-century legislation provided an increasing role for local poor law staff in the admissions process. At the same time, workhouse care of the insane increased. Medical specialists in lunacy were generally excluded from local admissions decisions. The role of central commissioners was limited to inspecting and reporting; actual decision-making remained at the local level. The webs of influence between these administrators are traced, and the criteria they used to make decisions identified. The Leicestershire and Rutland Lunatic asylum provides a local study of these relations. Particular attention is given to admission documents and casebooks for those admitted to the asylum between 1861 and 1865. -
The Poor in England Steven King Is Reader in History at Contribution to the Historiography of Poverty, Combining As It Oxford Brookes University
king&t jkt 6/2/03 2:57 PM Page 1 Alannah Tomkins is Lecturer in History at ‘Each chapter is fluently written and deeply immersed in the University of Keele. primary sources. The work as a whole makes an original The poor in England Steven King is Reader in History at contribution to the historiography of poverty, combining as it Oxford Brookes University. does a high degree of scholarship with intellectual innovation.’ The poor Professor Anne Borsay, University of Wales, Swansea This fascinating collection of studies investigates English poverty in England between 1700 and 1850 and the ways in which the poor made ends meet. The phrase ‘economy of makeshifts’ has often been used to summarise the patchy, disparate and sometimes failing 1700–1850 strategies of the poor for material survival. Incomes or benefits derived through the ‘economy’ ranged from wages supported by under-employment via petty crime through to charity; however, An economy of makeshifts until now, discussions of this array of makeshifts usually fall short of answering vital questions about how and when the poor secured access to them. This book represents the single most significant attempt in print to supply the English ‘economy of makeshifts’ with a solid, empirical basis and to advance the concept of makeshifts from a vague but convenient label to a more precise yet inclusive definition. 1700–1850 Individual chapters written by some of the leading, emerging historians of welfare examine how advantages gained from access to common land, mobilisation of kinship support, crime, and other marginal resources could prop up struggling households. -
2016, the Authors. This Is the Final Version of a Chapter Published in Imagining the Victorians
© 2016, the Authors. This is the final version of a chapter published in Imagining the Victorians. Reproduced with permission from the publisher. Basdeo, S. and Truesdale, M. (2016) Medieval Continuities: Nineteenth-Century King and Commoner Ballads. In: Basdeo, S. and Padgett, L. Eds. Imagining the Victorians: Leeds Working Papers in Victorian Studies. 15. pp. 11-28. Leeds Centre for Victorian Studies. 11 Medieval Continuities: Nineteenth-Century King and Commoner Ballads Mark Truesdale1 [email protected] Cardiff University 2-4 Park Grove Cardiff CF10 3BN Stephen Basdeo2 [email protected] Leeds Trinity University Brownberrie Lane Horsforth Leeds LS18 5HD Introduction In The Reading Nation in the Romantic Period (2004), William St. Clair argues that there was a virtual extinction of old ballad tales such as Guy of Warwick that occurred within a generation of the year 1774.3 It is a position which has recently been challenged by David Atkinson, who points out that: Anyone familiar with the folk song collections of the late nineteenth/early twentieth century, or with the large numbers of street ballads issued on broadsides by London and provincial printers in the nineteenth century […] is bound to wonder whether such a “mass extinction” really did take place at all.4 One thing that can be stated with more certainty is that some ballad printers took the themes of earlier tales and adapted them to suit the context of the nineteenth century. Printed on a single folio size sheet, they typically cost a penny and often achieved wide circulation. As we will illustrate, hidden within collections of Victorian street literature can be found the last remnants of the medieval King and Commoner tradition. -
St John the Evangelist, Birkby Christ Church, Woodhouse
THE BENEFICE OF ST JOHN THE EVANGELIST, BIRKBY AND CHRIST CHURCH WOODHOUSE PARISH BROCHURE ST JOHN THE EVANGELIST, BIRKBY CHRIST CHURCH, WOODHOUSE THE VICARAGE ACCOMMODATION: The vicarage is in a pleasant area and is quite close to Christ Church, approximately one third of a mile. It is purpose built to the highest standards and was constructed approximately seventeen years ago. The accommodation includes a large study where PCC meetings have been held on a regular basis. It also has attractive gardens which have been used for parish events. WELCOME The PCCs and congregations welcome you to the Parish Brochure of the United Benefice of St John the Evangelist, Birkby and Christ Church, Woodhouse. We are pleased you would like to know more about us and hope the information we have given about our Benefice will inspire you to join us. We thought, as we are two different churches, it would be useful to provide a brief insight into each one and we hope you will come and see our churches for yourself. INTRODUCTION TO THE CHURCH AND PARISH OF ST JOHN’S, BAY HALL, BIRKBY ON the 18th October 1851, the Huddersfield Chronicle reported the laying of the foundation stone of St. John’s Church, Bay Hall, Birkby, Huddersfield, by Sir John William Ramsden. It was built by the trustees under the will of the late Sir John Ramsden on a site presented by the Hon. Isabella Ramsden. The Architect was Mr. W. Butterfield of London, and the builder was Mr. Joseph Kaye of Huddersfield. It was built in local stone from the quarries of Crosland Moor and Cowcliffe. -
Bibliography
221 Bibliography Manuscript sources Cumbria Record Office, Whitehaven DPEN Pennington-Ramsden Papers DPEN/311 Ramsden Letters Leeds University Library, Special Collections MS 491, Isaac Hordern, ‘Notes Relating to the Ramsden Estate and Huddersfield’ (also in WYASK, DD/RE/419). The National Archives, Kew HO 107/2294/15/23: 1851 Census, Longley Hall. RG 10/4356/94/20: 1871 Census, Longley Hall. RG 11/4375/14/21: 1881 Census, Longley Hall. Swindon, Historic England Archive MD60/00034 – MD60/00038, Longley Hall Agent’s House, Plans of Cellars, Ground Floor, Bedroom Floor, Roofs and East Elevation and Sections. University of York, Borthwick Institute NHS/BOO/6/2/3/2, York Asylum, Registry of Admissions Book, 6 November 1850−10 September 1855. West Yorkshire Archive Service, Bradford BDP78, Oakworth Christ Church Parish Records West Yorkshire Archive Service, Kirklees CBH/A/321, Huddersfield County Borough architects. DD/AH/92, Philip Ahier Papers DD/R, Ramsden Papers DD/RA, Ramsden Family Papers DD/RE, Ramsden Estate Papers KC592, Clifford Stephenson Papers KMT18, Huddersfield County Borough records KX486/2 Dennis Whomsley, ‘Unpublished typescripts for an intended history of the Ramsden family’, including ‘The Ramsden family, 1670- 10.5920/pitl.biblio 10.5920/pitl.biblio 222 power in the land 1776’; ’The Ramsden family, 1769-1839’; ‘Sir John William Ramsden, Part I, 1831-1857’; and ‘Sir John William Ramsden and the West Riding, 1859-1867’. WYK1628/33, Edward Law Papers, West Yorkshire Archive Service, Leeds BDP26, Farsley St John the Evangelist Parish Records West Yorkshire Archive Service, Wakefield QE13/2/9 and QE13/2/15, Land Tax Returns, 1780−1832 The John Goodchild Collection WDP12, Almondbury All Hallows Parish Records WDP24, Holmbridge St David Parish Records WDP143, Marsden St Bartholomew Parish Records York Minster Archives 2001/78, box 10b, Yorkshire Architectural Society, Minute Book 1842−6. -
Cadmans at Roundhay St John, Leeds by Celia E Moss
Cadmans at Roundhay St John, Leeds by Celia E Moss 1. Introduction The crypt at Roundhay St John holds a vault where members of three generations of a Leeds family called Cadman are buried. These are Thomas Cadman and his wife Ann née Oastler; their two eldest-born children and their daughter-in-law Amelia née Rhodes; and five of their grandchildren. The Cadman vault was first set up in 1830, relatively soon after the church was first consecrated in 1826. This is the story of these Cadmans and their connections to two other Yorkshire families, the Oastlers of Thirsk and Leeds, and the Rhodes of Leeds and Roundhay. These connections are sketched below, with the people who are buried in the Cadman vault underlined. 2. Thomas Cadman and Ann Oastler Ann Cadman was born Ann Oastler in Thirsk in 1778, the eldest daughter of Robert Oastler and Sarah Scurr. The family portrait of 1791, reproduced below, shows Ann standing to her father's left. Robert Oastler was born in Kirby Wiske in 1748, the Oastlers having been yeomen farmers in the Moorhouse district of Newsham for several generations1 . At the age of 16 he became a fervent Methodist and quarrelled so seriously with his father in consequence that he left home and took refuge in Thirsk with his uncles John and Samson Oastler, both prominent Methodists who had helped to finance the new Wesleyan chapel in Thirsk. Robert grew up as the ward of his uncle John. He often met John Wesley as a guest in his uncle's house and "their acquaintanceship ripened into a more than common friendship2". -
EH.Net Encyclopedia English Poor Laws
EH.Net Encyclopedia: English Poor Laws http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/boyer.poor.laws.england English Poor Laws George Boyer, Cornell University A compulsory system of poor relief was instituted in England during the reign of Elizabeth I. Although the role played by poor relief was significantly modified by the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, the Crusade Against Outrelief of the 1870s, and the adoption of various social insurance programs in the early twentieth century, the Poor Law continued to assist the poor until it was replaced by the welfare state in 1948. For nearly three centuries, the Poor Law constituted "a welfare state in miniature," relieving the elderly, widows, children, the sick, the disabled, and the unemployed and underemployed (Blaug 1964). This essay will outline the changing role played by the Poor Law, focusing on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The Origins of the Poor Law While legislation dealing with vagrants and beggars dates back to the fourteenth century, perhaps the first English poor law legislation was enacted in 1536, instructing each parish to undertake voluntary weekly collections to assist the "impotent" poor. The parish had been the basic unit of local government since at least the fourteenth century, although Parliament imposed few if any civic functions on parishes before the sixteenth century. Parliament adopted several other statutes relating to the poor in the next sixty years, culminating with the Acts of 1597-98 and 1601 (43 Eliz. I c. 2), which established a compulsory system of poor relief that was administered and financed at the parish (local) level. -
Workhouse Populations of the Preston Union, 1841–61
Workhouse Populations of the Preston Union, 1841–61 Lewis Darwen Abstract The census enumerators’ books (CEBs) have provided fertile ground for studies of workhouse populations in recent years, though it has been acknowledged that work remains to be done on different regions and periods to develop our understanding of these institutions and the paupers who resided therein. This article will examine the indoor pauper populations of the Preston union, in Lancashire, over three census years from 1841. The region, which is notable for a protracted campaign of resistance to the New Poor Law and its associated workhouse system, has been previously neglected in studies of workhouse populations focusing on the decades immediately after the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834. It will be shown that the profile of the union’s workhouse populations broadly mirrors those found elsewhere at the aggregate level, but that important variations reflected local and central policy. A high concentration of able-bodied paupers—in particular—seems to indicate ideas governing local policy which were not carried out elsewhere. The New Poor Law of 1834 heralded the era of the Union workhouse, the great embodiment of pauperism and enduring symbol of nineteenth century welfare provision. Asserting that a considerable proportion of outdoor relief was falling into the hands of the ‘undeserving poor’, the framers of the legislation sought to redefine the principles through which relief was administered by subjecting all such persons to a ‘workhouse test’. Under this test outdoor relief was to be substituted for an offer of accommodation in a workhouse, and workhouses were to act as a deterrent following the principle of ‘less eligibility’, which meant that they were to be less appealing to prospective paupers than independence outside their walls. -
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Huddersfield Local History Society Huddersfield Local History Society huddersfieldhistory.org.uk Journal No. 19 Winter 2007/08 The articles contained within this PDF document remain the copyright of the original authors (or their estates) and may not be reproduced further without their express permission. This PDF file remains the copyright of the Society. You are free to share this PDF document under the following conditions: 1. You may not sell the document or in any other way benefit financially from sharing it 2. You may not disassemble or otherwise alter the document in any way (including the removal of this cover sheet) 3. If you make the file available on a web site or share it via an email, you should include a link to the Society’s web site GODFREY BERRY AND THOMAS WRIGLEY - TWO PIONEERS OF EARLY URBAN HUDDERSFIELD GODFREY BERRY (1756-1829) and his son-in-law Thomas Wrigley (1789-1848) were two pioneers of Huddersfield's early urban history. Their two lives spanned the dramatic century of Huddersfield's growth, from a small straggling village in the mid-18th century to a major industrial town by the time of the Great Exhibition. Father and son-in-law had much in common, beyond their family ties. Both were stalwarts of the parish church and of the Commissioners for Lighting, Watching and Cleansing of 1820 to 1848, Huddersfield's first 'municipal' institution. Both were businessmen - Godfrey with fingers in many pies, Thomas less so, for he was primarily a doctor. Though less well-known than some leading contemporaries, such as Richard Oastler or even Joseph Kaye, their lives - interesting in their own right - have much to tell us about Huddersfield's century of rapid change.