3927
Four Gramams in western Chlttoor District (Punganur taluk)
SOURCE. Field survey August 1994 using the ‘Voters List’ for each Gramam, which lists adults over 18 and which in all cases was dated 1993. Uma Rani and Wendy Olsen.
You can use this text plus the attached tables to compare. We were seeking one ‘developed / high agricultural potential’ village and one ‘less developed / low agricultural potential’ village. Yettuur and Yetavaakili were reported as being more developed / high potential, and Mmlkl and Maagandlapalle were In the less developed category
One factor we considered was the ratio of irrigated area to total cropped area 1981 Census figures on this were no longer correct h’e are waiting for the final 1991 figures, and In the meantime we obta]ned 3 years’ annual figures from local statistical officers (see details below). We also took advice from officers who travel around the district arranging development programmed.
Statistics and reputations can be misleading, though The irrigation and cropping pattern figures bore out the comparison, but socially Mlnikl kas much less developed than Maagandlapalle. Social differences between Yettuur and Yetavaaklll were slmllarly vast Yettuur, with a small proportion of landless workers and lots of ‘ forward caste’ people, seemed to have made little progress and we got hints of social confllct, while Yetavaakili showed signs of considerable social development lnvolvlng group formation and the development of local facilities (water-tank, etc.). In the end we have chosen the two extremes: Minikf as a less developed village and Yetavaaklli as a more developed village. 3927
MINIKI
Mlnikl is about 7kms from Ramasamudram town which is In the Western part of Chlttoor district This village has about 9 hamlets which are spread within a radius of 4kms from tha malts village. Except for the ❑ain village and two of its hamlets there are no bus services available for the other hamlets and one has to walk a distance of about one and a half to three kms to reach the other hamlets. The hamlets are called Guntavarlipalli, Panamarareddlpal li, Huduguru, Budidapalli, Raaglmakullapallli PerraraJuPalll. SanePaIll and Sheet raganlpalli. The village has been electrified In 1986.
There are about 424 households m this village with a population of about 1963, with a sex ratio of 960 males and 1003 females and agriculture 1s their predominant occupation There are in all about 29 01% cultivators, 46 93% agricultural labourers who have small land holdings and about 17 22% landless labourers most who whom are largely dependent on agricultural work for the]r livelihood and about 6 84% of the households are dependent on their traditional activities and hold small land holdlngs
The caste distribution in the village shows the domination of BC caste basically Yaddavas, compared to the OC’S and SC’s. The distribution is 22 17% being OC households where more than 90% of them are kapus, the households comprising BC caste being 42 22% and SC households being 28.77% where 95% of them are malas, and the ❑usllms comprising about 6 84%. The village is basically dommated by Yaddavas(BC) , Kapus(OC) and Malaa(SC) , where most of the Kapu households are cultlvatora and agricultural labourers with small land holdings, while the ❑alas are basically landless agricultural labourers and some of them have small land holdlngs
Tbe major crops which are grown in the village are paddy and groundnut, and in about few acres of land even augarcane is grown. For ❑ost of the households who do not have irrigated land there 1s only one kharl f crop There is about 348.02 acres of irrigated land and 2007.20 of unirrigated land The area under rice during the
2 1993-94 kharlf and rabl season has been only 151 and 61 acres, compared to 352 and 163 acres under rice during 1991-92 And, the area under groundnuts has however been around 484 acres for the past few years.
There are about 16 small tanks in the village with a ayacut of less than about 20 acres, and there are two blg tanks wltb a ayacut of about 49 acres each under each tank. There are about 56 surface borewells which have been installed from 1991 ranging from about 120- 350 ft. , about 20 in-well bores about 70 ft deep of which only few are successful, and about 76 wells 30 ft. each which have water only during the rainy seasons From the time of electrlflcatlon m 1986 they have put motors about 10 for wells and about 56 for surface borewells. For drmkmg water there are about 16 borewells wblch have been installed in 1989, SIX of whose handpumps are not working at present,
The govt. has been dlgg]ng up a canal for the last two years to get the water from Gollapalll cheruvu which IS about lkm away on the other side of the road from the village The work was however stopped in between and now for the past 15 days they have re-started the work Some of the villagers from the village Itself have benen Involved In this activity
There 1s one tractor in the village which has been bought by a landless labourer SC, who used to work as a tractor driver before He borrowed loans from the landlords and ❑erchants and bought the tractor, and he rents It out and lS repaying the loan He bought lt about two years back. There are about 100 bullock carts, 400 bullocks, 500 cows, 55 buffaloes, 1000 sheep and 500 goats in the village.
The farmers borrow money either from the blg landlords in the VI 1lage or from the merchants in Punganur and Ramasamudram mandal. The rate of interest charged by the merchants are said to be higher compared to the local landlords. And, the rate of interest differs depending upon the relatlons between them. The formal sector banks
3 who provide them loans are Vysya bank, Ramasamudram and Single khndow in Punganur
The wage rate for women IS Rs 15 and Rs 20 for men with one meal per day In the village
They have their santha on sunday in Ramasamudram and they go on monday and wednesday to santas in Punganur. For marketing the produce the villagers sell their produce to the big ryots in the village itself to whom they owe money, and also to the ❑erchants whom come from Punganur and Ramasamudram town, to whom also they owe money
There are about 5 schools in the village In all upto 5th standard, three of which have been there for the past 15 years and two of them have been started a year back
There IS one ration shop In the village where they supply rice, sugar and kerosene. MAGANDLAPALL1
Magandlapalll is about 7 kms north-west of Punganur In Chlttoor dlstrlct ilagandlapalll has about four hamlets which are at a distance of about two to three kms from the main village The four hamlets (Barlne Palll, Balre Mangalam, Maddanapalll and Yeddur) together with the main village have about 285 households All the hamlets as well as the village have bus services However these are private busses Instead of RTC (state government) busses, and some Irregularity In service was reported
The village is dominated by the BC households who comprise about 53% maJorlty of them being Valmlkl, Yellama and Yaddavas The other artisan groups are also there The OC’S comprise about 28% most of whom are Kapus and Ball Jas The Malas and Madlgas together comprise about 17% of the households Only 1% of village households are ‘fusllms
The occupational dlstrlbutlon of the village 1s very interesting hith only 5 26% of the households being landless labourers About 50% are agricultural labourers with small land holdlngs There are about 37% cultivators In the village And about 5% of them are Involved In their traditional actlvltles
The village has about five tanks, two of which are blg and the rest small The ayacut of all these tanks together 1s about 200 acres There 1s about 1000 acres of unlrrlgated land There are about 86 wells In the village for agricultural purposes, most of which have an in-well bore About 66 of them have current motor There are about 15 surface borewells which have been Installed from 1985 For drinking water there are about 7 borewells which have been Installed since 1984, and all of them are working
Groundnut covers most of the cropped area In Magandlapalll In addition the maJor lrrlgated crops grown are rice and sugarcane
Ragl, which IS a standard crop In the Funganur area, was not grown at all in 1993/94 Recent gross cropped areas are as follows.
5 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94
Paddy 221 136 285 Sugarcane 82 145 176 Groundnut 642 720 722 Mulberry 32 33 35 Ragi 92 77 nll
Total Gross Cropped Area 1240 1285 1488
Source. Deputy Statlstlcal Of f]cer, Punganur mandal office Figures are in acres here
Mulberry 1s a minor crop In Magandlapalll, and the gross area under lrrlgated crops is far less than the area under groundnut in 1993/94 Area under pulses, however, was reported as 91 acres in 1991/92, 72 acres In 1992/3, and 74 In 1993/94 Given that some pulses are Intercropped with groundnut, these figures ~111 need checking Finally various vegetables are grown for marketing In Punganur These Include brlnJal, tomato, bhlndl, and radish
There are 10 sugarcane crushers In the gramam, In addltlon there is a sugarmlll in Punganur to which they can send cane However for the most part the villagers make jaggery which merchants come to the village to buy. Sugarcane has taken over the ragl area with the digging of borewells. In addltlon sugarcane 1s beginning to be put In lands previously used for paddy.
Farmers reported that due to (i) high labour cost, (ii) ranfall uncertainty, and (ill) the high cost of fertiilser, it IS hard to keep cultivating in addition some people prefer to lend money out instead of lnvestlng in agriculture itself Wages for agricultural labour were estimated by local workers as RS 13/day for 8 hours’ work with one meal provided. For sugarcane cutting, villagers reported getting Rs 20 for 8 hours’ work. k,omen help with the sugar harvest although they don’ t do the cutting itself but rather the clearlng of the cane stalks. In this village, women reported getting tbe same wage as men The sex ratio for adult voters 1s 971 women to 1000 men
There are four schools in the village up to 5th standard The villagers send their kids to Punganur town for further studies
In the gramam as a whole there are about 20 bullock carts and 300 ploughs The ex-village munslf reported 384 cows, 131 buffaloes, 265 bullocks, 558 sheep, and 162 goats Two villagers collect milk from the households and sell lt in Punganur town In 1992 and in 1993 ald from tbe IRDP was provided to help SC and BC people buy milch cobs Roughly Rs 5000 to 6000 was provided to each of 13 households hy the government, with a 50% subsidy element to SC and 25% subsidy element to BC people The loan for milch CO%Swas from Grameena Bank In nearby Vanamaladlnne, and milk Itself 1s being used to repay that loan when It is sent to the Vanamaladlnne dairy. In 1981 bullock carts were obtained on similar IRDP terms (Rs 4000 with 50% subsidy )
For banking facilities, villagers can approach the Grameena Bank In nearby Vanamaladinne (to the south about 3 km) They can get crop loans from this bank. They also take loans locally with Interest rates ranging from 1 to 5% per month There are only 4 or 5 small shops In Magandlapalle, and no Valshya caste peoPle Villagers we spoke to dldn’ t mention using Punganur banks
There are four temples and one post office. One Fair Price Shop sells rice, sugar, and kerosene regularly Each of the temples has about 5 acres of land and all those lands are being cultivated by the puJarls
In 1974 there was a dlstrlbutlon of wet-land There is a land dispute lnvolvlng roughly 400 acres of land that once belonged to tbe Punganur Zamlndar He apparently gave a ‘ rough patta’ to one trusted worker, who now claims ownership of the land. However the land IS being cultivated by other farmers in the village, and both sides have taken the issue to the courts. The case has been going on for 20 years. Therefore in the land ownership figures which the VM gave us, some pattas may not have been given.
An approximate valuatlon of land was also offered by the VM at government rates, wet land would be worth Rs. 9000 per acre and dry land Rs 5000 per acre Private sales of wet land would occur at sllghtly higher rates, e g Rs 12,000 to Rs 15,000 per acre, 20 years ago these rates were much lower, 1 e wet land Rs 1000-1500 per acre and dry land Rs 1000 per acre
8 YETTURU
Yetturu is a small village 4 km east of Punganur town It Iles in Punganur mandal, Chittoor District The village has three main hamlets and, In addltlon, a couple of harlJan colonies which have had Housing Corporation of India support for house-buildurg. The hamlets (called Marremaakulapalli, Kothapalli, and Nallagottlapalli) are all located wlthm one km of the ❑ain village, and lie roughly on four corners of a square Two of the hamlets are along a road, and Yettuur Itself along with Kothapalle 1s accessible by rough dead-end roads coming off that main road
Yettuur’s 352 households are predominantly Involved In agriculture Only 7% of households have other primary occupations, and 37 5% of the households are doing cultivation Itself and not agricultural labour 26% are agricultural labourers with some land, and 29% are landless agricultural labourers The caste dlstrlbutlon shows only 21% SCS and no STS Among the OCS the main castes are Kapu and Ballja, and OCS comprise 49% of the population Apart from these, the remalnlng households are EC (24%) , includlng Valmlkl as ~rell as artisan castes, and Yusllms (6%)
The village has a higher ratio of OCS to SCS than usual Among the OCS there are 10 cultivating households with more than 10 acres of land, and there are 85 with between 2 and 10 acres of land There are 51 households who do both cultivation and agricultural labourlng with no other occupation, yet who have less than one acre of land There are only 90 households of landless agricultural labourers
In Yetturu there are three large tanks and about 12 small ones Below these tanks sugarcane and coconut are grown as well as rice There are two rice mills In addition each hamlet has sugarcane crushers, totalllng 30 In all There 1s a dairy (started in 1982) m Yetturu, and another in the hamlet of Nallagottlapalll Both agricultural labourers and others have cows, and many cows were brought in under the IRDP programme in 1991 Visltlng the village one IS impressed with the pakka houses and cows owned by many SCS In addltlon to the ❑ain crops mentioned above, the dryland crops include groundnut and a few pulses Bananas are grown on 17 acres, and mulberry on about 65 acres of lrrlgated land (Villagers’ estimates ) There are three tractors in Kothapalli and one In Nallagottlapalll There are about 35 ordinary bullock carts, and In the past year 20 bullock carts with tyres have been obtained There are at least 500 ploughs, 500 bullocks, and 3000 buffaloes and cows combined
Apart from the tanks there are 75 borewells and 15 bores with handpumps for drlnklng water. Borewells have been dug from 1988 onwards The local MLA, Krishna Reddy, has been putting m borewells and IS getting a water tank and tap connection for the villagers There are four temples in the village which have been constructed in the past 15 years by the local Reddy ’s and none of the temples have land under them
Data from the Punganur mandal office show the extent of lrrlgatlon In the gramam to be 391 acres In kharlf 1993/94 and 353 acres In rabl 1993/94 These figures are a substantial increase on the previous two years when rainfall was lower, In 1990/91 (three years before 1993/94) , when rains were average, the lrrlgated area was 276 acres in kharlf season but only 93 acres in rab] season Total rainfall by calendar year 1s given below for the whole Punganur taluk (These figures relate to the resultlng kharlf season of the followlng flnanclal year, e g ram for 1990 helps the 1990/91 crops )
1989 726 mm 1990 782 mm 1991 888 mm 1992. 845 mm 1993 1158 mm 1994 427 6 mm up to end of July 1994 - quite a good start
Data on cropped area for the years 1991/92, 1992/93, 1993/94 show rabl paddy area to be on average over two-thirds of the kharlf
10 paddy area Recently sugarcane has similarly extended over both seasons, but In 1991/92 there was no rabl sugarcane crop. The relatlve area under each of four main crops (paddy, sugarcane, groundnut, and mulberry) are shown below.
1991/92 1992/93 1993/94
Paddy 200 133 296 Sugarcane 128 235 336 Groundnut 445 521 576 Mulberry 31 42 48
Total Gross Cropped Area 1142 1260 1541
Source Deputy Statlstlcal Officer, Punganur mandal office Figures are In acres here
Mulberry thus appears as a minor crop In Yettuur, and the gross area under irrigated crops 1S seen to have exceeded the area under groundnut in 1993/94 Ragl, a traditional crop of Punganur taluk, covered 82 acres In 1991/92, 46 in 1992/93, and nll in 1993/94 Apart from these crops vegetables llke tomato, brlnJal and ladyfinger are also grown for about four months from may to august, which are marketed In the town by the villagers
There are no banks in the village, but people have bus access to Punganur town where they report using the Indian Bank, Vysya Bank, and State Bank of India There are only two small shops in Yettuur, and one m the hamlet of Kothapalll Al 1 three shops are managed by Reddles and the Komati or Shetty caste is not present in the village People go to the Punganur market on Mondays, and they also buy and sell cows and bullocks at Punganur’s bull markets on Wednesdays, People borrow from blg farmers and the interest rates charged vary depending on the loan and the relationship between lender and borrower The interest rates range from 12% to 60% per year on these loans. These loans must be repaid Immediately after the harvest
There 1s one school gning up to 5th class There IS a veterinary hospital, established in 1971
Workers mr Yettuur report earning Rs 25 (male) with meals and Rs 20 (female) with meals, per day. Some workers (10 households) do house construction work, and some are stone cutters There are some attached labourers In the village Women do sugarcane cutting alongslde men According to the voters’ Ilst, the sex ratio among adult voters 1s 1022 women to 1000 men
Marketing of crops 1s to two destinations local farmers and Punganur merchants Locally, for instance, small cultivators make Jaggery and sell lt to the blg ryots of the village because of the loans they owe them Apparently good prices for both sugar and paddy prevail outside the borders of Andhra Pradesh state, on the Bangalore side Some farmers sell to merchants who are wllllng to export the goods to this destination Tbe farmers cannot themselves manage the exPort llcenses and taxes due on Inter-state sales, so they leave this aspect to the merchants The other alternative 1s smuggllng across the border, and not many do that
The village has a ration shop where rice, sugar and kerosene are supplled
12 YETAVAKILI
Yetavaklll 1s a small village north-west of Punganur and It IS about 7 kms away from Punganur mandaI In Chlttoor district This village has three hamlets Praaannayagarpa llf, Diguvapal I i and Yetavakllli HariJanwada and in all It consists of about 328 households A look at the social structure in the village shows us that there are forward castes consisting of Reddy(kapus). BaliJa. Brahmin and Komti wbo comprise about 33.84% of the households The BC’S comprise about 31, 71% basically consisting of about kuraba, Kummara and Vaddera, though there are other castes also prevalent In the village There are about 23 78% of SC households all of whom are Malas And, about 10 67% of the households are Musllms
The occupational structure of the village shows us that there are about 30 49% households who are Involved only In cultivation About 7 62% of the households cultlvate their own land and also work as agrlcul tural la bourers 14 ,02% of the households are Involved In other actlvltles other than their own cultivation and 47 87% of the households are landless Iabourers (agricultural as well as others).
The village has three tanks, one blg tank in Yetavaklll village having a ayacut of about 102 31 acres The olher two tanks are small ones, one each m Prasanayagarpalll and Dlguvapalll hamlets The ayacut of the tank In Prasanayagarpalll is about 37 70 acres and that of Dlguvapalll IS about 20 47 acres There are about 36 In-well bores and 30 wells for cultivation and they have been having in-well bores from 1984-85 onwards The water level in the wells in the village IS about 60ft deep Even now wells are being dug but very Ilmited one or two every year About 50B 01 acres of land 1s being irrigated by these different sources in the village,
There are about 12 drinking water bores which were also flxed- up in 1984-85 And, there are about 5 drinking water wells and all of them still have a substantial amount of water.
13 The major crops which are grown In this village are Paddy, Sugarcane and Groundnut According to the 1993-94 statistical data the area under paddy cultivation is about 395 88 acres and 1s cultivated during the two crop seasons (kharlf and rabl) About 312 88 acres of Paddy is cultivated in the lrrlgated belt and In about 83.00 acres, it 1s cultivated in the unirrlgated belt Sugarcane is being cultivated ur about 121 00 acres in the lrrlgated belt and this crop 1s yearly And Groundnut 1s cultivated during the kharlf season in about 127.39 acres in the unirrlgated belt The other crops which are found to be of significance in the village are Ragl and Mulberry which account for about 82 75 and 26.59 acres respectively Vegetables llke tomato, brlnJal and ladyfinger are also grown in the village lasting about four months from May to August
There are no tractors in the village, and cultivation IS carried on with the help of bullocks and rakes There are about 120 bullocks and 85 rakes m the village And there are about 35 bullock carts There are about 150 milch cows, most of which have been given to the SC and EC famllles for the past four years under the IRDP loan scheme. The SC households get a 50% subsidy and among the BC households those with (less than 2 5 acres) get 33% subsidy and those with (2 5 - 5 00 acres) get 22% subsidy And all loans of both these categories are to repaid by supplylng milk to the Dairy Development Corporation And, the other llvestock in the village comprises of cows, buffaloes and sheeps which are 26, 3 and 30 in number
There are about 12 crushers in the village, which are used for making Jaggery some of which are owned by large farmers and there are a few of them which are collectively owned by a group of farmers There is one rice mill in the village which is owned by a large farmer
About 90% of the sugarcane is made into jaggery in the village itself and only 10% of the sugarcane IS sent to the sugar mill which is in Punganur town. The jaggery is sold either to the large farmers in the village Itself by the small farmers or to the traders or merchants who come to the village from Punganur town. The reason for
14 selllng It off to the large farmers, traders or merchants 1s their debt repayments Rice and Groundnut are also marketed in the village Itself, either to the large farmers or to the traders / merchants who come from punganur town. However, the prices at which they are sold are less than the prevailing ❑arket prices.
The wage rates for men are Rs. 25 and for women Rs .20 with one meal per day for paddy harvesting, and for weeding lt is about Rs 20 and Rs 15 for men women, for transplanting lt 1s Rs, 20 for women, and for sugarcane cutting and removing the fodder they are paid Rs 35 and Rs 30 for men and women and they have to work throughout the night During the time of sowing, transplanting, and harvesting there also exists contract system among the workers and apart from the wage they are also given a meal during the days of work. The sex ratio for adult voters 1s 956 women per 1000 men.
The musllms In the village are Involved In beedl making and agarbathl making The beedlmakers work through a contractor In Yulavagul m Karnataka, and agarbathl workers buy their raw materials from a nearby town ]n Karnataka, and sells them around in the santhas or In nearby surrounding villages The beedl and agarbathl workers earn about Rs 20 per day throughout the year About 15 households have been given Rs 1000 under the DWACRAscheme
Under the Central Govt funds about 26 SC (Mala) households have been given one poultry farm each In 1980 and all of them are being managed by them even now And, the remalnlng other households In this community work as agricultural labourers About 17 Vaddera (BC) households are lnvoved In stone cutting and they sell them In surrounding villages and In punganur town, they usually cart them by self and earn about Rs 2 50 for ft stone, and they also supply small stones and pebbles for road construction and for other activities.
The State Bank of India, Punganur has adopted the village and provides both short term and long term loans to the villagers. Apart from the formal agencies the households also borrow money from informal agencies llke, large farmers, merchants from the village as
15 well as from town at varying Interest rates depending on the purpose of the loan as well as depending upon the parties, and It varies from 12% to 120%.
There is also a ration shop in the village and rice, sugar and kerosene are supplied there
The village as well as its hamlets have a school each upto 5th Standard The government 1s constructing a water tank In the village and IS going to provide tap connections at certain strategic points, the construction is in process. The govt. is providing old age pension (OPA) from 1950 onwards to people above the age of 65yrs. who do not have any support and there are at present about 12 beneficiaries From 1983 onwards the govt 1s also providing widow pension of RS 50 each and there are about 4 beneflclarles And there 1s Labourers Agriculture Welfare fund helng provided by the govt. for the landless agricultural lahourers who are unable to work after the age of 55yrs and they are paid Rs 30 per month and there are about 5 beneflclarles
There 1s a hlomen’s Organlsatlon In the village named Srl Sarada Hahlla Mandll which was registered In 1990 and has 35 women members from the village The organlsatlon has a President who had lnltlally started It The organlsatlon 1s involved in moblllslng the women to save a part of their income, for which purpose the President has taken up the responslbality of collecting a small sum of money about Rs 5 to Rs. 20 per week from the households, and deposits them m Indian Bank Punganur town in their accounts The organisation also takes care of health facilities in the village
There is also a Yuva Jana Sangam ur the village established in 1984, but it has not undertaken any programmed, and it was involved only in getting IRDP loans to the village.
16 MINIK1
oc.. pat.on W.se Land Holdlngs wise and Ca, te w... Household Dlstrlb. t.on
Oc EC Sc MUSLIM Tot. L
CULT1 VATUR5 ilJTTIVAIURS
0-1 0 1 0 0 1 o-1 1-? 2 8 0 0 10 1–2 7-4 28 25 0 0 53 2–4 4–10 25 19 0 0 44 4-10 ore than 10 9 4 0 2 15 More than 10
Total 64 57 0 2 123 Total
(III,TIVATQRS cXILTIVATQRS And AGR LAB And AGR LAB
0-1 2 15 21 9 47 0-1 1-2 5 16 30 2 53 1–2 2-4 8 28 35 4 75 2-4 4-10 3 8 10 2 23 4-10 ore tb. n 10 0 1 0 0 1 More than 10
Total 18 68 96 17 199
CIJLT1VATURS CXLTIVATORS inv. i..d .. OWR IIW.lved ,. UlllCR ,Ct LV, t,..S art, vtt, es
n-l 0 4 2 0 6 0-1 1-2 1 7 0 0 8 [-2 2-4 1 1? 0 0 13 2-4 1–10 0 ? 0 0 ? 4-10 .,. than 10 n 0 0 0 o More than 10
7 25 7 0 29 Total
L.n,dle.. Agr 10 17 24 ~ 60 Iandl.s, )qr rah
Other Iandles. la b”,,..,, 0 1? 0 1 11
T“ta 1 Land Ic4S. 10 ?q 24 10 71 ToLal l’ind)es, Lab”!,,... r.aho!irers
94 179 122 29 4?4 TM’A1. m, NLh. cc BC K.PU Brahml n Total CC Kuraba Ma”gla Yaddava Vaddere kh.arya Chakal , WLT1 VAIURS
o-1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1-2 2 0 2 0 0 5 0 0 3 2–4 28 0 28 0 0 24 0 0 1 4-10 25 0 25 0 0 19 0 0 0 or-e than 10 8 1 9 0 0 3 0 0 0
Total 63 1 64 0 0 52 0 0 4
~TIVA’Tt3RS And AGR LAB
0–1 2 0 2 4 0 6 0 0 2 1–2 5 0 5 2 0 9 0 0 3 2-4 8 0 8 3 1 16 0 0 7 4–10 3 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 ore than 10 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Total 18 0 18 10 1 34 0 0 15
OJITIVATURS ,.volved L“ OmER activlt, es
0-1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1–2 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 2 2-4 1 0 1 0 6 0 3 n 3 4–10 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 ore than 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tot. 1 2 0 ? o 7 ? 7 ‘1 6
Landless Agr 10 0 11) 0 0 In 1 1 1
Other Landl.ss Lab.”,.,, 0 n 0 ? 7 ? n
Tot. ] Landlm. 10 0 10 2 n 3 1 La b”,,,,,,
93 1 94 12 8 99 15 6 ?6 Sc Grand JanganIma Pith, Total BC Mala Mad ,ga Total SC M“sl Lm Tot.1 Kuntl”
o 0 1 0 0 0 0 L 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 53 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 44 1 0 4 0 0 0 2 15
1 0 57 0 0 0 2 123
0 3 15 21 0 21 9 4? 0 2 16 30 0 30 2 53 0 1 28 35 0 35 4 75 1 1 8 10 0 10 2 23 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
1 7 68 96 0 96 17 199
n 0 4 1 1 2 0 o 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 n n 0 ? 0 0 0 n o 0 o 0 o 0 0
25 1 2 0 ?9
? ? 17 ?0 4 ?4 q 60
0 0 1? 0 0 0 1 13
? 29 70 4 ?4 10 /3
4 117 5 177 ?q 4?4 MAGANDLAPALL 1
occupation W,se Land Holdlngs w,.. and C.ste Wise Household D.st. ib. t.on
cc BC Sc MUSL lM Total
cULT1 VAIURS CXII,T1VAT31
o-1 1 0 0 0 1 o-1 1-2 3 8 0 1 12 1-2 2-4 20 27 0 0 4? 2-4 4-10 18 26 1 0 45 4-10 ore than 10 1 0 0 0 1 More than 1
Total 43 61 1 1 106 Total
CWI,TIVATURS CULTIVATO And AGR LAe And AGR I
o–1 8 6 17 0 31 O-L 1-2 7 24 16 0 47 1–2 2-4 17 31 7 0 55 2-4 4-10 0 8 2 0 10 4-10 OF. than 10 0 0 0 0 0 More thmn 1
Total 32 69 42 0 141
IIJLT1VATORS C3JLT1VA1T31 ,nvolvad ,. MMER )nvnlv. d ,Ctlv, ties ar t,”
0-1 0 0 0 0 0 o–1 1-2 1 4 0 1 6 1-2 2-4 1 11 0 0 12 2-4 4-10 0 1 1 1 3 4–10 ore than 10 0 0 0 0 0 More than 1
Total 2 16 1 2 21
[andl.s. Ac!. Lab 0 5 5 0 10 landless ,
Other Landless Other La”, Lnho. re. s 4 1 0 0 5 Laho$lrers
Tot81 Lendless 4 6 5 0 15 Total Lam La bo. r.rs Labour<
TOTAL 81 152 49 3 285 ?urAL MAGANDLAPALL I -- DC KaPu 0.11]. BF.hmln Karma Kshatr, ya Total OC Valm, k, Yel lam. (JXT1 VATOQS
o–1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1-2 3 0 0 0 0 3 1 2 2-4 5 6 2 4 3 20 5 1 4-10 11 0 2 5 0 18 4 0 ore than 10 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
Total 19 8 4 9 3 43 10 3
cULTIVA?DRS knd hGR LAB
0-1 2 4 0 2 0 8 2 2 1-2 6 0 0 1 0 7 10 4 2-4 6 6 0 5 0 17 13 1 4-10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ore than LO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tot. 1 14 10 0 8 0 3? 26 7
O.JLTTVATT3RS c.volv.d ,. -R ,Ct, v, t,.,
0-[ 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 1-? 1 n n 0 0 1 0 n 2-4 0 1 o 0 0 1 0 2 4-10 0 n n n n 0 0 0 0,. than 10 0 o o n 0 0 II 0
Tot.1 1 0 o 0 2 o 3
L.ndls.s Aqr [ah 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Other Landless 1 abo,,rers 1 0 1 0 0 4 0 L
Total Landless 3 0 1 0 0 4 1 1 1ah”,,,”,.
37 19 9 17 3 81 37 14 Sc Grand Yaddava V.ddera Acharya Chakal, Total BC Mala Mad ,ga Total SC Muslim Total
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 2 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 12 20 1 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 47 21 1 0 0 26 1 0 1 0 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
44 4 0 0 61 1 0 1 1 106
1 1 0 0 6 2 15 17 0 31 9 1 n o 74 12 4 16 0 47 13 4 0 0 31 1 6 7 0 -,5 6 n o 1 II 2 0 2 n 10 n n o n 0 0 0 0 0 n
29 6 n L 69 17 75 4? o 113
0 0 0 0 n 0 n 0 n n 1 3 0 0 4 0 o 0 5 1 2 0 11 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 n 0 n 0 0 0 0 n
7 4 o 16 1 n 2 21
4 0 0 0 5 ? 2 5 0 10
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5
4 0 0 0 6 3 2 5 0 15
84 14 2 1 152 22 27 49 3 285 YErNRu
Occup. tie. Wise Land Holdlngs w,.. and caste W,S.9 Household D1.trlbutlon
K BC Sc MUSLIM T?XAl
(llZTIVA’IURS mTIVA’lU
0-1 3 0 0 o 3 0-1 1-2 32 2 0 0 34 1-2 2-4 39 1 2 0 42 2-4 4-10 41 2 0 0 43 4-10 ore than 10 10 0 0 0 10 More than 1
T.at”l 125 5 2 0 132 Totel
aJLT 1VATQR ? CXJLT1VA’M1 And AGR LAB And AGR 1
o-1 15 11 16 7 51 0-1 1-2 6 13 9 0 28 1–2 2-4 5 5 3 0 13 2–4 4-10 0 0 1 0 1 4–10 ore Fh. n 1[1 0 0 0 0 0 More thnn L
Total 26 31 29 7 93 Tot. I
0.11TIVATQRS (’IJLT1VATO1 Invo] ved L. OTHER ,“”01 ved .Ct, v. ties act, ”
o-1 2 2 0 0 4 o–1 1-2 3 3 1 0 7 1–2 2–4 1 G 0 0 7 2–4 4–10 6 1 0 0 1 4-10 0.. than 10 0 0 0 0 0 Mot’. ehan 1
Tot”l 12 12 1 0 25 lot”]
Landless Agr Lab 10 30 41 9 90 I..ndless t
other Landless Other [an< La bourers 1 6 1 4 12 Laborers
Total Landless 11 36 42 13 102 Total L.., La bo. rere L,boum
ma 174 04 74 20 352 BC Bali,. Total ~ Valm, k, K“mmara Boy. V.ddera Acharya CIJZTIVA’TURS
o-1 3 0 3 0 0 o 0 0 1-2 32 0 32 0 2 0 0 0 2-4 38 1 39 0 1 0 0 0 4-10 41 0 41 0 1 0 0 0 cm. than 10 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Total 124 1 125 0 4 0 0 0
cWLT1 VA’MRS And AGR LAB
0-1 15 0 15 6 0 0 2 4 1-2 5 1 6 10 0 0 2 1 2–4 4 { 5 L 0 0 3 0 4-10 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 ore than 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 24 2 26 17 0 n 7 5
llJITIVA’MF5 ,“”01 ved ,n OTHE’R “Ct, v. b,..
o-1 0 7 0 T o 0 0 1-? 0 3 0 3 0 n 0 2-4 1 0 1 0 4 0 1 0 4-10 6 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 0.. than 10 0 ,1 0 0 (1 0 0 0
Total 12 0 12 1 0 0 1 c1
Landless Aq. Lab 9 1 10 15 1 1 1 3
Other Landl. ss r.bor,rers 0 1 5 > 0 0 0
ToC.1 Landless 1 11 20 2 1 1 3 La bourers
170 4 174 38 14 1 9 8 Sc Ora.d Golla Chakall Total BC )4.1. Mad,ga Total SC Musl, m Total
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 42 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
1 0 5 2 0 2 0 132
1 0 13 12 4 16 7 51 0 0 13 9 0 9 0 28 1 0 5 7 1 3 0 13 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 31 24 5 29 7 93
1 0 2 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 3 0 1 1 0 7 1 0 6 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 n 12 0 1 0 25
30 32 9 41 9 90
0 0 6 1 0 1 4 12
7 2 36 33 9 42 13 102
12 2 84 59 15 74 20 352 YZTAVAKIL1
Clccupation wise Land Holdings W... and Caste W,.. Household Dlstr, but, on
BC Sc MUSLIM Total
f3JLT1VA?QRS CIJLTIVAIURS
0–1 4 0 0 0 4 o–1 1-2 6 2 0 1 9 1–2 2-4 43 11 0 2 56 2-4 4-10 24 2 0 0 26 4-10 ore than 10 3 2 0 0 5 More than 10
Total 80 17 0 3 100 Total
CULTIVA’IDRS 1111.TIVATO.W And AGR LAB And AGR LAB
o-1 3 5 6 3 17 o–1 1-2 1 0 2 2 5 1–2 2-4 I 0 0 I 2 2-4 4–10 0 0 1 o 1 4-10 ore than 10 0 0 0 0 0 More than 10
Total 5 5 9 6 ?5 Tot. L
ClJLT1VATTI?S (SILT1VAlXlR5 ,nvolv”d ,“ 171WFR ,“vol”ed ,. ~lER .Ct. v.t, es act, ”,tles
o-1 3 15 0 II 18 0–1 1-2 ? 9 0 o 11 1-? ?-4 3 6 0 0 9 2-4 4–10 1 6 0 0 7 4–10 ore than 10 n 1 0 0 1 More than 10
Total q 17 0 0 46 Totsl
Landless Aqr Lab 8 1’7 77 8 72 Landle,s Agr Lab
Landless Agr Lab Landless Agr 1ab and Stone cutters 0 17 0 0 17 and Stone cotter. other Landless Other Landless Labourers 6 6 30 17 59 La bo”rers
Old Age Pensioners 3 3 2 1 9 Old Age Pensioners
Total Landle.s 17 45 69 26 157 Total Landless Laborer. Laborers
TUTAL 111 104 78 35 328 ?uTAL YETAVAKIL1 m BC Bal,, a Brahrn.n Vysya rotal OC Kur?.ba Kurnnmra Boy.
0-1 1 2 0 1 4 0 0 0 1-2 2 3 0 1 6 0 0 0 2-4 21 18 2 2 43 3 1 0 4-10 17 6 1 0 24 0 0 0 ore than 10 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
Total 44 29 3 4 80 3 1 0
CULT1 VA’IDRS And A(3R LAB
o–1 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 1-2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2-4 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 4-10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ore than 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1 4 0 0 5 0 0 3
(7n T1VAT13RS ,nv.lved in MIER ac-t,.!t, e,
o-1 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 n L-2 1 0 0 1 7 0 0 o 2-4 0 1 0 2 3 n 0 0 4-10 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 ore than 10 0 0 0 n (1 0 0 0
Total 2 ? 1 4 9 1 0 0
2 6 0 0 8 0 n 7
[andless Aqr Lab ““d stone cutter, 0 0 0 0 0 0 n 0
Other Landless Lnbourer. 1 1 1 3 6 0 1 1
Old Age Pensioners 3 0 0 0 3 1 0 1
Total Lnndless 6 7 1 3 17 1 1 9 La bourer.
53 42 5 11 111 5 2 12 Sc Grand Vaddera Gandla Go1 la Chakali Mangla Ja.gamma Total BC Mala MUS1, IU Total
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 9 2 0 0 0 0 5 11 0 2 56 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 26 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 5
6 0 0 0 0 7 17 0 3 100
2 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 3 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 G ?7
n 0 0 3 1 15 n o 10 o 0 0 0 0 9 n 0 IL 0 0 0 0 0 G 0 0 9 0 0 n 0 0 6 0 D 7 0 0 o 0 II 1 0 0 1
32 0 0 0 1 I 37 0 0 46
5 5 0 1 0 1 L9 ?7 8 72
17 0 n 0 0 0 17 o 0 17
1 1 1 0 1 6 10 17 59
0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 9
23 1 2 0 2 45 69 26 157
63 6 1 2 3 10 104 78 35 328 EEK---+.. 3 1‘3”’”<0A FIELD METHODS FOR RELATED WOMEN’S INTERVIEWS
Interested researchers may request access to anonyrmsed quaktatwe mterwews held m computer text format by Wendy Olsen, DPPC, UIUV of Bradford BD7 IDP These mtemews followed up the household questlonnawes Whereas the questtomalre surveys were maurly based on discussions vath men, the mterwews reflect the comments of women I append below some detads of the contents of the mterwew transcripts They are all translated ffom Telugu
Mmlkl and Yetavaakili villages, 1995
Interwew Procedure
Contents
1 Sub-samphng wthm tbe survey vsllages 2 Semi-structured urterwew plans
1 Sub-samphng wlthm the survey vdlages
Among 56 survey households m M, we randomly selected 20 households ur whsch to try to mterwew a woman
Among 60 survey households m Y, we randomly selected 20 households m wiuch to try to mtemew a woman
Tbe achievement of an mterwew was made difficult by many women’s dady work m the fields, with cows, etc A few women also travelled out of the vdlages so were not avadable when we vmted them
By the time of WO’s departure on 12 August 1995, we had achreved 21 mterwews, of whsch 6 were wth women m Mmda and the rest were wrth Yetavaalah and out-of- sample women
After August Swaroopa continued to do mterwews, bnngmg m some women from nearby towns who had occupations such as toy-maker, tlmt-seller, and field labourer Thus a total of 30 mtervrews were achreved and transcnbed, mcludmg one group mtemew and 18 mth women from households m the sample
2 lnterwew Schedules
The senu-structured mterwews were pkmned using the followurg pdot hst of topics
Ongmal Inter-wew Schedule
1) famdy lustory – hopes, past travel by the woman 2) busmess/sellm~gathenng actwt]es
3) Iabounng -- forms It takes for thrs woman, dmcuss each, as and If relevant
. piecework ■ exchange Iabour ■ contracts , iurmg-m ■ hmng-out ■ tenancy ■ servants
4) Government serwces used by tlus household’s members, especially by the woman
. busses - private (’cwd’), pubhc (APSRTC, CRTC’) ■ health – private (’cbmc’), pubhc (government hospital), rmdwves ■ education – schools and extra lessons, colleges and tralmng
5) Pubbc dmtnbutlon system – . detads of ttus person’s use of It for rice, kerosene, sugar, etc , . opnuons about the ration shop, . other sources of same products – where do they shop
6) pobtlcs . parties ■ panchayat m do they vote, how do they vote, how voted m past, ■ bquor agitation – any ideas about It, or experience of It?
We then gradually moddied tIus schedule Addltlonal top]cs included were Savings, CM Funds (ROSCAS), women taking loans versus husband decldmg, women’s mobdity around vdlage and mto nearby towns, who shops
We also altered the schedule to su]t other (non-survey household) mterwewees In pamcular, bank managers were asked about barrkmg pohcy, computensatlo~ loan terms & condtlons, and the new reforms passed m 1991/92 and thereafter, business people were asked about their trade and the sector m wtuch they work, moneylenders were asked about the terms of loans and the prormssory note system, and the post office managers were asked about security of savings being transferred by postal workers and about the savings scheme
The mtemew schedule as set out for Swaroopa’s September-October 1995 was as follows Genertd mterwew plan I :0) Introduce yourself filly
:1) Farndy and famrly Iustory Hopes for ksds Education of adults and lads m the household Travel and tours Most dlstrmt place seen
:2) Buwress, works done m It, kuuhe work [casual dady farm& construction labour], other forms of work, housework, handlcratls, dady schedule Servants Wluch works are for both men and women, wiuch women-only? Why? Do people m the household argue about money or work7
:3) Use of Government serwces – mterwew core, after mtroductlon
(a) Buses - RTC VS cd (b) Health - (30vthospltal~ (c) Education - wiuch schools, where, how much, who n sent, why? (d) Nce, sugar and kerosene
(4) Use of Banks
(a) Loans (b) Savings - Banks - Post office - Private loans - interest - bonds - opnuon about interest (vadi~) Chit funds
(5) Mahda Mandds - involvement Actrmes
(6) Pohtlcs, pames, bquor, voting Does she read a newspaper or magazme7
Further background for mtemewer
Mam Purpose of Interwews
Try to get the people to talk as much as possible Stay quiet sometimes and wait lf they say somethmg more
Fmd out about what they think the Government does for them and what It w do for them Should K do more7 More of what7
Or should people be independent of the Government?
for example - educating ksds health care nce sugar and kerosene and buses
Fmd out about their various works - paid but also unpaid work Follow that up by asksng whether they think women m do that work, S!IQLLMdo that work, or maybe only women should do that work Always ask “why”, too
Fmd out what they thinkabout bank loans, Reddy employer loans, clut finds and prormssory note loans with interest
Fmd out theu pohtlcal wews Let them tell as much as possible Questlonnalre 1
Date House Number Mandal Corle [ ] [1] Pungat,ur [2] Ramasamudram
Respondent’s Name V~llage Code [ ] [1] Yetavaklll [2] M~n~k~
Household head’s Name. Hamlet
Caste Code [l]OC [2]Bc [3]SC [41sT [ ] Sub-Caste
Occupation Code [ ] [1]Cultivator [2]Small and Marginal Farmer [3JLandless Agr Labourer [4]Tenant [5]others
I Details about the household members
No Name Age Sex Relat Edn Marital Main Second Income lonsh Status Work ary Per 1P Work Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
11 12
Sex Code [l] Male [2] Female
Education Code [1] IllIterate [2] Read and Write [3] Upto Primary School [4]Middle level [5]High School [6] Above H~gh School [7] Diploma Courses
Main Work and Secondary Work Code [l]Own Cultlvatioll [2]Agr Labourer [3]Attached Labourer [4]Small Business (Shop/Hotel) [5]Merchant [6]school teacher [7]Post-master [8]Factory Worker [9]Agarbathl/Beedl making [lO]Llne-man/Electr, c,an [ll]Worklng in the clty(as a labourer) [12]Working In the clty(ln service) [13]House-wife [14]Old age [lS]Student [16]Others
Marital StatUS Married [M] Unmarried [U] %?+%w-H+ \ ~ II Land Particulars
Wet Land Dry Land Total Land Tanks Wells Borewells
Own land
Leased-In
Leased-Out
Fallow land
Total Land
Operational Holdlngs
Remarks
III Irrlgatlon Assets
Types Year Cost Depth Source of Amount Rate of Duration Borrowing Borrowed Interest of Repay -merit OPEN WELL
IN-WELL BORE
BOREWELL
PUMP SET
MOTOR
Whether the well /borewell /in-well bore are working now?
Repayment Details
Code for Whether borrowed/repaid or not o [11Yes [21NO [] /[1
Sources Code [1]Cooperatives [2]Regional Rural Banks [3]Commercial Banks [4]Agricultural Money-lender [5]Professional Money-lender [6]Merchant/Trader [7]Friends/Relatlves [8]Others
2 IV Other assets
Types Year Number Purchase Present Source of Amount Rate of Value Value Borrowing Borrowed Interest
House
Bullock Cart
Bullocks
cows
Buffaloes
Sheep
Goats
Cycle
Radio
Televlslon
Others
Repayment Details
v Crops Grown During Kharlf and Rabl Season (In Acres)
Kharlf (July-Nov ) Rabl (Dee -April) Crops Wet Dry Y~eld / Wet Dry Yield / acre acre
3 VI (a) Details of Borrowings
Household number. Loan number Date of Interview.
Table 1
Source Form of Amount Year and Year and Rate of Mode of Borrowing Borrowed Season Month Due Interest Repayment Taken
1 Co-Operatives
2 RRB*s
3 Conunerclal banks
4 Agricultural Money-lenders
5 Professional Money-lenders
6 Merchant/Trader
7 Friends/Relatlves
8 Others
Table 2
Source Security Purpose Mode of Current Stated Actual Repayment Amount So far made Outstanding
1 CO-Operatives
2 RRB’s
3 Commercial bar, ks 4 Agricultural Money-lenders
5 Professional Money-lenders
6 Merchant/Trader
7 Friends/RelatLves
8 Others
What are the terms and conditions ~
If the borrowing lS In k~nd, Variety [ 1
Quantity [ ]
4 Name of the lender, If Informal
Caste [l]OC [2]BC [3]SC [4]ST [1
Table 3(a)
Terms of Borrowing
Source Amount Rate of Relatlonshlp Labour Wage Market Borrowed Interest Services Pa~d Wage In cash No of days Rate
1 Agricultural Moneylenders
2. Professional Moneylenders
3 Merchant/Trader
4 Friends/Relative
5 Others
(a) When dld he take the loan ~
(b) What were the terms of agreement and what services were agreed upon ~
(c) When was the loan given after the agreement or at the end of the season ~
(d) How many hours does labour work in a day, note the tlnungs ~
(e) Whether all the members of the borrower’s fanuly are obllged to work at the lender’s farm v
(f) If no Interest lS charged, what are the terms, then ~
(g) HOW long have YOUbeen working for the present employer ~
5 (h) Have you changed the employer before, when and why ~
Table 3(b)
Terms of BorrowuIg
Source Amount Borrowed Total Lender’s Amount Total Market Price Borrowed In kind Value Purchasing Sold Value of the In cash of the Produce Produce
1 Agricultural Moneylenders
2 Merchant/Trader
3 Friends/Relatlve
4 Others
[a) When are you expected to sell the produce ~
(b) Are you generally able to repay the loan, [l]Yes [2]N0 ~ [ ]
(c) If No, what 1s the reason for default 7
Table 4
Valuatlon of the Collaterals
Collateral Amount Rate of Valuatlon by Market Price Borrowed Interest the Lender In cash
[1] Brass Utensils
[2] Gold
[3] Land
[4] Others Table 5
Input loans in th form of Fertlllser Seeds Others cost Quallty Duration Kind of Superior/ of Repayment Inferior WPt 1 Merchant/ Trader
(1) What IS the actual price charged In the market for the Input borrowed ~
(b) 1 Whether there are any attached labourers workxng in the household ~
2 For whom are they work~ng and what 1s the~r caste ~
3 What IS the amount borrowed, the rate of Interest and other terms and conditions ~
4 From how many years IS he working as an attached labour 7
5 How much do they pay yearly and whether the amount IS paid In lumpsum or in Lnstalments ‘J
6 What are the different kinds of work that he performs ?
7 How many hours does he work In a day, details of time to be noted ~
8 Whether other members of the fanuly obllged to work In the lender’s farm ~
9 Whether additional loans are prov~ded by the same employer when Ln need ~
10 What IS the rate of interest and the terms and cond~t~ons ~
7 11 What LS the k~nd of arrangement made by the employer when the attached labour falls s~ck ?
12. Whether they are provided with any clothes and other perks >
(c) If borrowing from Formal agency,
[1] Inltlal fee paid by the farmer. [ 1
[2] Land record Identlflcatlon fee [ 1 [3] costs Involved In verlfylng the farm [ Inventory by the loan superv~sor
[4] Amount of money spent In travelllng while . [ negotlatlng, acqulrlng and repay~ng the loan
[5] Number of work days spent in negot~atlng the loan [ 1 [6] Wage rate dur~ng that period [ 1 [7] Rate of Interest charged during the period of loan [ 1
[8] If any other costs Lncurred, specify [ 1
(d) Details of land-leas>ng
[1] D~d you lease-in any land ~ [l]Yes [2]N0 [ 1
[2] What are the terms and conditions ~
[3] What 19 the y~eld per acre of the crop, ? [hr t-h croP~
[4] Dld you lease-out any land 7 [l] Yes [2]N0 [ ]
[5] What are the terms and conditions ~
[6] What lS the y~eld per acre of the crop ; (.~f ~ L~~)
8 Form of Borrowing [l]Cash [2]Grain [3]Fertlllser [4]Seed
Stated Purpose and Actual Purpose [1]Purchase of seeds [2]Purchase of fertlllsers [3]For putting wells /borewells [4]Other Product~on purpose [5] For med~cal purpose [6] Marriages [71 Rellglous purposes [8] For Conatructlon purpose [9]For consumption purpose [10] Others
Repayments made and due [1]Cash [2]Payment In grain [3]Payment in Jaggery [4]Payment In labour services [5]Cash and gram [6]Cash and Jaggery [7]Grain and labour services [8]Jaggery and labour services [9] Cash, Grain and labour services [10] Cash, Jaggery and labour services
Security [1]Labour services [2]Produce [3]Brass Utensils [4]Gold [5]Land
Relatlonshlp Code [1]Credit-labour [2]CredJt-tenancy [3]Cred~t-~nput [41Cred~t-output [5]Credit-labour-ouput [6]Credit-tenant-output [7]Credlt-input-labour [8]Credlt-input-output
VIII Details of the ration card (9) held by the household
COLOUR
ENTITLEMENT
What are the usual quantities of each product that you buy?
RICE
SUGAR
KEROSENE
9 vII (a] Employment and Earnings . KKARIF SELD.SON
Operation-wise ●
Number of days worked In
S No Name Own farm Others farm Other actlvltles 1 2 3 4123 4
+ Operation-wise [11 Ploughlng [2] Sowing/Transplanting [31 Weeding [4] Harvesting s No Operations Wages In Cash Wages In Kind Male Female Child Male Female Child
1 Ploughlng
2 sowing/ Transplanting
3 Weeding
4 Harvesting
10 (b) Employment and Earnings RABI SEASON
Operation-wise ‘
Number of days worked In
S No Name Own farm Others farm Other actlv~t~es 1 2 3 4123 4
* Operation-wlae [11 Ploughlng [2] Sowing/Transplanting [3] Weeding [4] Harvesting
S No Operations Wages In Cash Wages In Kind Male Female Child Male Female Chxld
1 Ploughlng
2 Sowlngl Transplanting
3. Weeding
4 Harvesting
11 (c) If employed elsewhere,
S NO Name Nature of work Number of days Wage pa~d per day
(d) Have you or any other member In your fanuy done any exchange labour ? Give details And, dld anyone else come and work In your farm snularly ~ Find out the details of the caste and size category ~
(e) Dld you or any other member In your family work In a group on a contract basis ? Give details, about the number of days worked and the wage rate paid Details about the caste and size category to be noted
12