The genus Chrysoclista Stainton, 1854 in Europe (Lepidoptera, Agonoxenidae)
Ole Karsholt
Karsholt, 0.: The genus Chrysoclista Stainton, 1854 in Europe (Lepidoptera, Ago noxenidae). Ent. Meddr 65: 29-33. Copenhagen, Denmark, 1997. ISSN 0013-8851.
The three European species of Chrysoclista Stain ton, 1854 are reviewed. C. razowskii Riedl, 1965 is shown to be a synonym of C. lathamella Fletcher, 1936 (syn. n.). C. splendida sp. n. (=razowskii auct.) is described, and a key to the adults is presented. A neotype of Chrysoclista lathamella Fletcher, 1936 is designated. The history of the nomenclature of the European Chrysoclista is given in some detail, and a checklist is presented.
Ole Karsholt, Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 K0benhavn 0, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected]
Introduction male genitalia easily characterize members of Chrysoclista. A generic description is pub Chrysoclista is a small genus of brightly lished by Riedl (1969) and by Zagulajev & coloured moths. It is holarctic in distribu Sinev (1981/1990) tion, with three species occurring in Europe. Their larvae live, as far as it is Remarks: The generic name Glyphipteryx known, under bark of branches and trunks Curtis, 1827 has been used for this genus, of deciduous trees. The adults are most but the International Commission of Zoo often found resting on the trunks of their logical Nomenclature (ICZN) has ruled host tree; occasionally they are netted dur (Opinion 1418) (Tubbs, 1986) that it ing daytime or attracted to light. Most spe should be treated as an unjustified emenda cies of Chrysoclista are considered as rare. tion of Glyphipterix Huhner, 1825 (Glyphip During a recent visit to The Natural His terigidae). In the same opinion Chrysoclista tory Museum in London (BMNH) I real Stainton was placed on the Official List of ized, when looking through the drawers Generic Names in Zoology. with Chrysoclista specimens, that the species A number of species have in former time known on the continent as C. razowskii been refered to Chrycoclista, but at present Riedl in fact is conspecific with C. lathamella it is restricted to the species listed below. Fletcher (=bimaculella Haworth), described from Britain. This has the consequence C. linneella (C1erck) that the species known as C. lathamella auc torum is without a name, and the aim of This species is recognized by its small size this paper is to remedy this situation. and bright orange forewings (fig. 3). In Britain a form with uniformly blackish Chrysoclista Stainton, 1854 forewings, apart from the silvery spots, occurs (fig. 4). The spectacular, brightly coloured moths of this genus superficially resemble similar Bionomy: The larva feeds in the bark of Til species in other gelechioid families. The ia, extruding rusty coloured frass, and
Ent. Meddr 65, 1 - 1997 29 pupation takes place in the bark (Emmet & ter; a li gh t yellowish spot at costa before J ohnson, 1979). Records from other trees apex. Hindwing dark brown. Fringes of (e. g. Malus and Pyrus) are unlikely and both wings blackish. need confirmation. Adults fly May-August, 0'-genitalia: Uncus broad; gnathos con probably in one generation. sisting of two cowhorn-shaped, denticulated arms; valva slightly wavy at upper and lower Distribution: Found over most of Europe. margins, distal margin more sclerotized, Introduced into N. America (Klots, 1942). rounded; anellus shaped as two lanceolate, Remarks: In older literature the species pointed arms of 3/ 4 valva length; saccus name can be found spell ed as e. g. lineella, short, rounded; aedeagus slender, angular linnaeella or linnaeanella; these are h ere con in middle (figured by Riedl, 1969: fig. 266). sidered as misspellings. The name linneella 9 -genitalia: Rather simple, without dis Clerck, 1759 is placed on the Official List of tinct an trum; no signum in corpus bursae Specific Names in Zoology (Opinion, 1418) (figured by Riedl, 1969: fig. 358). (Tubbs, 1986). C. splendida differs from linneella in hav ing a black costal spot from base to before C. splendida sp. n. middle of forewing. C. lathamella has the orange spot in forewing distinctly separated Description: Fig. l. Wingspan 14-17 mm. into two by a black bar. In 0'-genitalia si mi Labial palp slender, upcurved, brownish lar to lathamella, which has a more slender beneath, light at upper surface. Head, tho valva without sclerotization in distal margin, rax and tegulae shining dark brown. Anten anellus of only h alf le ngth of valva and an na black with white tip. Forewing with only slightly bent aedeagus. C. linneella has blackish brown m argin, broadest at costa very short gnathos arms, a broad, rectangu from base to before middle and along ter lar valva and a more complexly built anel men; an irregular, elongate, orange spot lus. Female genitalia of Chrysoclista are only from base to apical area; five silvery spots in slightly differentiated. margins of the orange area, the three in middle of wing with black spot in the cen- Bionomy: The larva is stated in the litera ture (e. g. Zagulajev & Sinev, 1981 / 1990) to feed under bark of Salix alba. I h ave been unable to trace if this record dates back to actual breeding records, or it was assumed from the fact that most specimens a re found sitting on trunks of this tree . Kasy 2 (1954) recorded that he bred moths from l twigs of Salix alba and purpurea, which were infested with the gall midge Helicomyia salic iperda Duf. Howeve r, he stated that th e lar vae were not feeding in the gall, but in other parts of th e twigs. Raebel (1925), who found adults of this species in some num 3 4 bers on trunks of Salix alba and S. Jragilis, was of the opinion that trees growing along Figs 1-4. Males of Chrysoclista. streams were prefered. Adults are found in Fi g. l. C. splendida sp. n. , holotype, Austria, 16 mm. June and July. Fig. 2. C. lathamella Fletcher, Denmark, 11 mm. Fig. 3. C. linneella (Cierck), Denmark, 12 mm. Distribution: Central and south-eastern Fig. 4. C. linneella (Cie rck), dark form, England, Europe. Also recorded from Sweden 11 mm. (Svensson, 1992). Local and scarce; only
30 Ent. Medclr 65, I - 1997 Checklist of Chrysoclista linneella (Clerck, 1759) Europe, N. America (introduced) gemmatella (Costa, [1836]) splendida sp. n. Europe bimaculella auct. razowskii auct. lathamella Fletcher, 1936 Europe bimaculella (Haworth, 1828), nee (Thunberg, 1794) razowskii Riedl, 1965, syn. n. zagulajevi Sinev, 1979 Caucasus abchasica (Sinev, 1986), comb. n. Caucasus cambiella (Busck, 1915) N. America villella (Busck, 1904) N. America
Key to adults of European Chrysoclista 1. Forewing with orange spots ...... 2 - Forewing uniformly blackish ...... linneella (form) 2. Forewing with one elongate, more or less irregular, orange spot...... 3 - Forewing with two orange spots ...... lathamella 3. Forewing with black costal blocks from base to middle; larger species ( 14-17 mm) ...... splendida sp. n. - Forewing with slender black streak along costa; smaller species (10-13 mm) ...... linneella
found in numbers on few occasions. Most Paratypes: 1 et, 'Wien' (ZMUC); 1 et, specimens in European museums originate [Wien], 'Bimaculella, Man 9178', 1 9, from Vienna and were collected in the 19th 'Bimaculella Hw. Stt. Tin. 242, Prater century. [Wien], Man 57', both labelled 'Zeller coiL, Walsingham Collection 1910-427' (BMNH). Remarks: The scarcity of this species, and Additional material, excluded from type also of lathamella, is a possible reason why series: numerous old specimens from Vien they were confused until now. C. lathamella na and Budapest in various European (as bimaculella) was never illustrated in Con museums. tinental or British literature even though it was described from Britain (apart from that of Wood ( 1839), where it was misidenti C. lathamella Fletcher fied). It certainly added to the confusion This species is easily recognized by having that Spuler (1910, pl. 89) illustrated in two orange spots in the forewing (fig. 2). colour, under the name of bimaculella, a Bionomy: Early stages unknown. C. lathamel specimen of splendida. la is a scarce species, which has been taken The genitalia were not figured by Pierce in some numbers only on a couple of occa & Metcalfe ( 1935), probably because of sions. Adults have been found on trunks of lack of material. Salix alba and S. caprea, and have been Type material: Holotype: 'et I Wien, caught flying around S. cinerea. Umgebg. I Chrysoclista lathamella Fletch Distribution: North and West Europe, er, det S. Yu. Sinev I HOLOTYPE, Chryso Poland, western Ukraine. clista splendida Karsholt, 1997' (in coli. ZMUC). Remarks: Tinea bimaculella was described by
Ent. Meddr 65, I 1997 31 Haworth (1828) from a single specimen ulella Schrank, 1802 (identity unknown). found near London by Latham. Haworth Fletcher (1936) proposed Chrysoclista latha stated in his description that the moth has mella as a replacement name (ICZN, 1985, two orange spots on the forewing (hence article 67(h)). Such a name has the same the name bimaculella). The holotype could type as the name it replaces, and as stated not by located in the BMNH collection, nor above the type of Tinea bimaculella Haworth does it appear in the lists kept there on is to be considered lost. In order to prevent Haworth types in the University Museum of further confusion in the nomenclature of Oxford (Kevin Tuck, pers. comm.). Fletch Chrysoclista a neotype of lathamella Fletcher, er (1936) came to the same conclusion. 1936 is here designated. It is a male belong Riedl (1969) stated that Haworth's type ing to the BMNH collection, and it is should be at the BMNH, but apparently he labelled "Surrey, Leith Hill, ex Harper coli., did not examine it himself, and his state Walsingham coli.", and "Neotype, Chryso ment is incorrect. clista lathamella Fletcher, 1936 (Tinea The holotype may have become lost ear bimaculella Haworth, 1828, nee Thunberg, ly, because when Stainton (1851) gave a 1794), 0. Karsholt design. 1997". The speci more detailed description of bimaculella he men is listed by Stainton (1889) and dealt knew of only one specimen "taken by Mr. with by him already in (1857). Desvignes, at the end of June, from sallow, Sinev (1979, 1986) compared the two at Black Park". This is in accordance with Caucasian Chrysoclista species with razowskii Fletcher (1936), who doubted that early (auct.). They seem to be closely related, authors like Stephens and Westwood knew and both differ (among others) from the this species personally. three European Chrysoclista species in the Later Walsingham, who had Zeller's col broad, rounded valva in the male genitalia. lection in his position, pointed out to Stain The specimen illustrated in this periodi ton that two species may be involved, and cal (Buhl et al., 1995: 63, fig. 5) as razowskii this led Stainton (1888) to announce for is the same which is figured here (fig. 2) material of this rare species. That resulted with the correct name of lathamella. in seven British specimens, the origin and variation of which are dealt with in detail by I wish to thank Klaus Sattler and Kevin Stainton (1889). All seven are now in the Tuck, The Natural History Museum, Lon BMNH, where I have examined them, and don, UK for help and information during all belong to the species with two orange my stay at the museum. Per Falck, Holste spots in the forewing. In spite of some varia bro, Danmark loaned me the illustrated tion, British specimens, taken together, dif specimen of lathamella, and Reinhard Gae fered from Continental ones (from Vien dike, Deutsche Entomologisches Institut, na). However, Stainton became confused by Eberswalde, Germany provided literature one specimen taken at Glogau [now Glog not easily accessible. Geert Brovad (ZMUC) ow] in Poland by Zeller, as he could see no kindly photographed the adult moths. difference between that specimen and the British ones. Zeller himself was aware that two species were involved, as he labelled his Literature specimen "Chrysoclista glogavica Z.". Buhl, 0., P. Falck, B. j0rgensen, 0. Karsholt, K Apparently he never described glogavica, Larsen & F. Vilhelmsen, 1995. Fund af which would have been the valid name for smasommerfugle fra Danmark i 1994 (Lepi the species with two orange spots. doptera). - Entomologiske Meddelelser 63: 61-7 4. Tinea bimaculella Haworth, 1828 is a pri Emmet, A. M. & P.J.Johnson, [1979]. Momphi mary homonym of Tinea bimaculella Thun dae. Pp. 133-137, in: Emmet, A. M. (ed.): A berg, 1794 (=Pammene aurana (Fabricius, field guide to the smaller British Lepidoptera. 271 1775), Tortricidae) and also of Tinea bimac- pp. - London.
32 Ent. Meddr 65. I- 1997 Fletcher, T. B., 1936. A new name for Chrysoclista Caucasus [in Russian]. - Trudy vsesoyuznogo "bimaculella, Haworth 1828" (Lepidoptera: entomologicheskogo Obshchestva 61: 110-111. Cosmopterygidae).- Festschrift zum 60. Geburts Sinev, S. Yu., 1986. A list of momphid moths tage van Professor Embrik Strand 1: 504-506. (Lepidoptera Momphidae, s. 1.) of the USSR Haworth, A. H., 1828. Lepidoptera Britannica 4: fauna [in Russian].- Trudy vsesoyuznogo entomo 513-609.- London. logicheskogo Obshchestva 67: 19-74. ICZN, 1985. International Code of Zoological Nomen Spuler, A., 1910. Die Schmetterlinge Europas 2: 1- clature. 3th edition. xx + 338 pp. - London, 523, pis 56-91. Stuttgart. Berkeley & Los Angeles. Stainton, H. T., 1851. Supplementary catalogue of Kasy, F., 1954. Kleinschmetterlingsraupen als the British Tineidae & Pterophoridae. 4 + 32 pp. - Bewohner der von Weidenholzgallmiicke (Hel London. icomyia saliciperda Duf.) befallenden Stainton, H. T., 1857. Observations on Tineina. - Weidenaste und -stiimmchen. - Entomologisches The Entomologist's Annual for 1857: 121-130. Nachrichtenblatt Osterreicher und Schweizer Entom Stainton, H. T., 1888. Chrysoclista bimaculella. - ologen6 (Sonderheft): 1-4. Entomologist's monthly Magazine 25: 91. Klots, A. B., 1942. A newly imported European Stainton, H. T., 1889. Chrysoclista bimaculella; its Lavernid (Microlepidoptera). - Bulletin of the variability in markings and size.- Entomologist's Brooklyn entomological Society 37: 173. monthly Magazine 25: 169-170. Pierce, F. N. & ]. W. Metcalfe,1935. The Genitalia Svensson, I., 1992. Anmarkningsvarda fynd av of the Tineid Families of the Lepidoptera of the Brit Microlepidoptera i Sverige 1991. - Entomologisk ish Islands. xxii + 116 pp, 68 pis. - Oundle. Tidskrift 113: 36-41. Raebel, H., 1925. Chrysoclista bimaculella Hw. in Tubbs, P. K, 1986. Opinion 1418. Glyphipterix Oberschlesien. - Internationale entomologische Hiibner, [1825] (Insecta, Lepidoptera): Tinea Zeitschrift, Guben 19: 21-22. bergstraeserella Fabricius, 1781 designated as Riedl, T., 1965. Materiaux pour la connaissance type species. - Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature des Momphides palearctiques (Lepidoptera). 43: 325-327. Partie Ill. Etude sur quelques Momphides Wood, W., 1839. Index Entomologicus or a com europeens. - Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 25: plete illustrated catalogue of the Lepidopter 419-468, 4 pls. ous Insects of Great Britain, consisting of 1946 Riedl, T., 1969. Materiaux pour la connaissance Figures. 266 pp, 54 pls. - London. des Momphides palearctiques (Lepidoptera). Zagulajev, A. K & S. Yu. Sinev, 1981/1990. 39. Partie IX. Revue des Momphidae euro Family Momphidae. Pp.531-543. In: Medvedev, peennes, y compris quelques especes d' G. S. ( ed.): Keys to the Insects of the European Part Mrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient. - Polskie of the USSR. IV. Lepidoptera 2: i-xxvi, 1-991. Pismo Entomologiczne 29: 635-919. [This work was first published in Russian in Sinev, S. Yu., 1979. A new species of Momphidae 1981]. (Lepidoptera) from the Black Sea Coast of the
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