DOCUMENT RESUME ED 438 894 PS 027 794 AUTHOR von Feilitzen, Cecilia, Ed.; Carlsson, Ulla, Ed. TITLE Children and Media: Image, Education, Participation. Children and Media Violence. Yearbook from the UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen, 1999. INSTITUTION United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Goteborg (Sweden). International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen.; Nordic Documentation Center for Mass Communication Research, Aarhus (Denmark). SPONS AGENCY Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen (Denmark). ISBN ISBN-91-630-7875-9 ISSN ISSN-1403-4700 PUB DATE 1999-00-00 NOTE 459p.; For 1998 Yearbook, see PS 027 793. AVAILABLE FROM UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen, Nordicom, Goteborg University, Box 713, SE 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden. Tel: 46-31-773-10-00; Fax: 46-31-773-46-55; Web Site: http://www.nordicom.gu.se; e-mail: [email protected]. PUB TYPE Books (010) Collected Works General (020) Information Analyses (070) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC19 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Advertising; Childhood Attitudes; *Children; Childrens Rights; Film Production; Foreign Countries; Government Role; Internet; Legislation; *Mass Media Role; *Mass Media Use; *Media Research; Periodicals; Public Policy; *Television; Television Research; Television Viewing ABSTRACT This yearbook compiles research findings on children and youth and media violence from the perspective of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The thematic focus of this yearbook is on what is being done to combat gratuitous media violence. It presents information on media education and children's media participation. Section 1 of the yearbook, "Children's Access to Media and Media Use," presents research on media access and use for children in Europe and worldwide. Section 2,"The Image of the Child in the Media," details how children are presented in news and entertainment media, and in advertising. in various- countries. Section 3, "Media Education," provides information on media education programs in Canada, South Africa, Australia, the Nordic countries, the UK, India, and Latin America. Section 4,"Children's Participation in the Media," includes articles describing programs from various countries in which children and youth participate in media production, such as videotapes, television, radio, the Internet, and magazines. Section 5 contains several international declarations and resolutions concerning children and the media. Section 6 provides information on organizations worldwide concerned with children and the media, and a compilation of Internet addresses by and for children.(Most sections contain references and notes.(KB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. MOOdrenaRclNc;c2[1,5Violenee0 rbook999 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ykThis documenthas been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. N an Ocm Egg EtgigETCDR EATTdpinaDin Editors: Cecilia von Feilitzen and Ulla Carlsson PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 The UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen at Nordicom 2 The UNESCO The UNESCO International International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence Clearinghouse on Children and on the Screen, at Violence on the Screen Nordicom The Nordic Information Centre for Media and Goteborg University Box 713 Communication Research (Nordicom) has set up SE 405 30 GOTEBORG, Sweden an international clearinghouse on children and Web site: violence on the screen. The Clearinghouse http://www.nordicom.gu.se receives financial support from the Government DIRECTOR: Ulla Carlsson of Sweden and UNESCO. The Clearinghouse is to contribute to and SCIENTIFIC CO-ORDINATOR: Cecilia von Feilitzen effectivize knowledge on children, young people Tel:+46 8 16 28 64 and media violence, seen in the perspective of Fax:+46 8 661 03 04 the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. E-mail: [email protected] The prime task is to make new knowledge and DOCUMENTALIST: Pia Hepsever data known to prospective users all over the Tel: +46 31 773 49 53 world. Fax: +46 31 773 46 55 E-mail: [email protected] The International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen informs various groups of users about THE CLEARINGHOUSE research findings concerning children, IS LOCATED AT NORDICOM young people and media violence, Nordicom is an organ of co-operation between the Nordic ongoing research on children and countriesDenmark, Finland, Iceland, media violence, Norway and Sweden. The overriding goal and purpose is to make the media children's access to mass media and and communication efforts undertaken their media use, in the Nordic countries known, both training and courses of study on throughout and far beyond our part of the world. children and the media, Nordicom uses a variety of chan- positive alternatives to media nels newsletters, journals, books, violence, and databases to reach researchers, students, decision-makers, media measures and activities which aim to practitioners, journalists, teachers and limit gratuitous violence on television, interested members of the general in films, and in interactive media. public. Nordicom works to establish and The object of the Clearinghouse is three-fold: strengthen links between the Nordic research community and colleagues in to attract attention to the question of violence on all parts of the world, both by means of the screen and its role in the lives of children and unilateral flows and by linking individual young people, to stimulate initiatives and activ- researchers, research groups and ities to combat gratuitous violence, and to help institutions. Nordicom also documents media provide a better basis for policy in the field. trends in the Nordic countries. The joint The Clearinghouse is user-oriented, which Nordic information addresses users in means that our services are offered in response Europe and further afield. The produc- to demand and are adapted to the needs of our tion of comparative media statistics forms the core of this service. clients. Nordicom is funded by the Nordic The Clearinghouse publishes a newsletter and Council of Ministers. a yearbook. 3 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Children and Media Image Education Participation Children and Media Violence Yearbook 1999 ,,Children Educatjon ParUcjpatjon Editors: Cecilia von Feilitzen and Ulla Carlsson The UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen at Nordicom Published by The UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen Nordicom Goteborg University Box 713 SE 405 30 GOTEBORG Sweden Editors Cecilia von Feilitzen and Ulla Carlsson © 1999 Editorial matter and selections, the editors; articles, individual contributors Cover by Roger Palmqvist Printed by Livrena Grafiska AB, Kungalv, Sweden, 1999 ISSN 1403-4700 ISBN 91-630-7875-9 Contents Foreword Ulla Carlsson 9 Preface Henrikas Yushkiavitshus 13 Media Education, Children's Participation and Democracy Cecilia von Feilitzen 15 Children's Rights and Media: Conciliating Protection and Participation Paulo David 31 Children's Access to Media and Media Use Children's Changing Media Environment. Overview of a European Comparative Study Sonia Livingstone, Katharine I. Holden & Moira Bovill 39 Media Access and Media Use Among 12-year-olds in the World Jo Groebel 61 Children's Amount of TV Viewing. Statistics from Ten Countries 69 The Image of the Child in the Media The Image of Children in Prime Time Television. Casting and Fate George Gerbner 77 The News Media's Picture of Children in the United States Dale Kunkel & Stacy L. Smith 79 Children and Media in Pakistan Masroor Mohsin Gilani 87 Advocates of a New Consumer Society. Children in Television Advertising Leela Rao 95 Some Thoughts on Developing Child-friendly Media Mike Jempson 103 `Kids These Days...'. A Seminar Researched and Presented by Young Journalists from Children's Express 121 Media Education Media Education in Canadathe Second Spring Neil Andersen, Barry Duncan & John J. Pungente 139 7 South African Media Education in the Late Twentieth Century. Rising Phoenix or Dying Swan? Jeanne Prinsloo 163 Australian Children and the Media. Education, Participation and Enjoyment Barrie McMahon & Robyn Quin 189 Media Education in Europe. With Special Focus on the Nordic Countries Birgitte Tufte 205 The. Place of Production. Media Education and Youth Media Production in the UK David Buckingham 219 Against Violence: Sensorial Experiences Involving Light and Sight. Media Education and Educational Technology from a Latin American Point of View Ismar de Oliveira Soares 229 The Changing Media Scenario in India. Implications for Media Education Keval J. Kumar 243 Children's Participation in the Media The Media and Our Children: The Promise of Participation Feny de los Angeles-Bautista 267 The Convention Goes Live. UNICEF's International Children's Day of Broadcasting and Voices of Youth Francis Mead 277 Children's Participation in Brazilian Television Beth Carmona 287 These Are Our Stories. The Teen Video Story Adventure Connie John 293 Children and