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Role and Challenges Faced by Aids Councils in Addressing Hiv and Aids in Their Communities: the Case of the Ehlanzeni Aids Council

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Role and Challenges Faced by Aids Councils in Addressing Hiv and Aids in Their Communities: the Case of the Ehlanzeni Aids Council AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE ROLE AND CHALLENGES FACED BY AIDS COUNCILS IN ADDRESSING HIV AND AIDS IN THEIR COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF THE EHLANZENI AIDS COUNCIL ZITHA SIPHO SIPHIWOSETHU AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE ROLE AND CHALLENGES FACED BY AIDS COUNCILS IN ADDRESSING HIV AND AIDS IN THEIR COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF THE EHLANZENI DISTRICT AIDS COUNCIL By Zitha SS Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MASTERS OF ARTS In the subject SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR STUDIES IN HIV/AIDS At the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF. BT MBATHA NOVEMBER 2014 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe gratitude to the UNISA faculty of Sociology team for their continuous support, words of encouragement and for being with me in this long and sometimes stormy journey since my first registration for the Honours Bachelor of Arts degree in the subject of HIV and AIDS, leading to my registration and successful completion of this Master of Arts Degree. I thank all the different supervisors who were part of the journey up to the point where Prof. BT Mbatha took over and ensured that the efforts of the other supervisors come to fruition. To all the participants, the Ehlanzeni AIDS Council secretariat team; this study could not have been a success without your full cooperation, I thank you from the bottom of my heart. It would be an oversight not to mention SODIC management team for being so generous in allowing me free access to their IT resources which enabled me to access valuable information. Am so grateful to my ex-wife, Thubane Victoria Monica, my children and my mother, Mokoena Girly Jerita Mokoena for the various and critical roles played in ensuring that I eventually manage to complete this study. I dedicate this achievement to all the HIV and AIDS infected and affected individuals in my village (Game Trust) in the Ehlanzeni District Municipality of Mpumalanga, South Africa, the SADC countries, the African continent and the entire world. ii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this study: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE ROLE AND CHALLENGES FACED BY AIDS COUNCILS IN ADDRESSING HIV AND AIDS IN THEIR COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF EHLANZENI DISTRICT AIDS COUNCIL is my own work and that all sources used or quoted are identified and acknowledged by means of complete referencing. Zitha Sipho Siphiwosethu ______________________ ___________________ Date Signature iii SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and challenges of AIDS Councils in addressing HIV and AIDS in their communities with regard to community mobilization and advocacy within the broader advocacy function of the South African National AIDS Council (SANAC) and within the framework of the HIV & AIDS and STI Strategic plan for South Africa 2007-2011(NSP). A qualitative research design was applied. Individual face to face interviews were conducted with the respondents who were purposively sampled across the five local municipalities comprising Ehlanzeni District Municipality. Similar studies conducted previously suggest that many AIDS Councils stakeholders and members had a limited understanding of their role, and encountered more challenges in addressing HIV and AIDS in their communities. This study revealed that stakeholders and members seem to have steadily progressed in understanding their role as well as in weathering the various challenges they are confronted with within the AIDS councils. Be that as it may, there still exists some gaps between what is envisaged in both the NSPs (NSP 2000-2005 and NSP 2006-2011) and the current situation in many LACs. Many questions still need to be answered if South Africans are prepared to triumph over the AIDS pandemic. Key Words Acquired Immunodefiency Virus, Human Immunodefiency Virus, AIDS Councils, Addressing HIV and AIDS in communities, Local AIDS Councils’ roles, Investigation, Engagement, Advocacy, Mobilization, HIV responses and HIV prevalence. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.....................................................................................................ii DECLARATION……………………………………………………………………………………iii SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………………………iv TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………………...v LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………………….vi LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………….vii APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………………………….viii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABREVATIONS………………………………………………….ix 1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND……………………………………1 1.1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………1 1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY…………………………………………………………...1 1.3 THE SITUATION OF HIV AND AIDS………………………………………………............5 1.4 THE STATUS OF THE AIDS EPIDEMIC IN MPUMALANGA PROVINCE……………..8 1.5 RATIONALE OF THE STUDY……………………………………………………………...12 1.6 RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT……………………………………………………13 1.7 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY………………………………………………………………..14 1.8 STUDY OBJECTIVES………………………………………………………………………15 1.9 RESEARCH QUESTIONS……………………………………………………………........15 1.10 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS………………………………………………..........16 1.11 DELINEATION AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY…………………………….17 1.12 FRAMEWORK FOR THE DISSERTATION………………………………………..17 1.13 SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………..18 2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………...........19 2.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………….19 2.2 THE IMPACT OF AIDS ON SUSTANABLE DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY OF LIFE………………………………………………………………………………………………..19 v 2.3 THE COMPOSITION OF AIDS COUNCILS IN SOUTH AFRICA……………………...22 2.4 THE OPERATIONS OF LOCAL AIDS COUNCILS……………………………………...25 2.4.1 The local government policy framework………………………………………………...25 2.4.2 The role of local government in AIDS councils…………………………………………27 2.5 THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY STRUCTURES IN AIDS COUNCILS………………..29 2.6 IMPLEMENTATION OF HIV AND AIDS RESOPONSES AT THE LEVEL OF DISTRICT AND LOCAL AIDS COUNCILS……………………………………………………30 2.7 THE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISTRICT AND LOCAL AIDS COUNCILS………………………………………………………………………………………..32 2.8 AN OVERVIEW OF AIDS COUNCILS’ HIV AND AIDS RESPONSES IMPLEMENTATION PROFILE………………………………………………………………….32 2.9 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK…………………………………………………………….32 2.10 SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………….34 3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY……………………………………………..35 3.1 INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………35 3.2 RESEARCH METHOD (QUALITATIVE)………………………………………………….35 3.3 SAMPLING DESIGN (POPULATION)…………………………………………………….36 3.4 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES…………………………………………………….37 3.5 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION……………………………………………...40 3.6 VALIDITY……………………………………………………………………………………..41 3.7 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS……………………………………………………………..42 3.7.1 Confidentiality………………………………………………………………………………42 3.7.2 Harm………………………………………………………………………………………...42 vi 3.7.3 Informed consent…………………………………………………………………………..42 3.7.4 Privacy and voluntary participation………………………………………………………43 3.8 SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………………43 4. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………44 4.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………….44 4.2 Section 1: THE CONTEXT OF THE STUDY RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………44 4.3 Section 2: PARTICIPANTS PROFILES…………………………………………………...45 4.3.1 Participant 1………………………………………………………………………………..46 4.3.2 Participant 2………………………………………………………………………………..46 4.3.3 Participant 3………………………………………………………………………………..47 4.3.4 Participant 4………………………………………………………………………………..48 4.3.5 Participant 5………………………………………………………………………………..48 4.3.6 Participant 6………………………………………………………………………………..49 4.3.7 Participant 7 ……………………………………………………………………………….49 4.3.8 Participant 8………………………………………………………………………………..50 4.3.9 Participant 9 ……………………………………………………………………………….51 4. 3.10 summary………………………………………………………………………………….51 4.4 Section 3: PRESENTING THE PARTICIPANTS RESPONSES………………………..52 4.4.1 Description of the three themes………………………………………………………….52 4.4.2 Theme 1: The role and responsibilities of Local AIDS Councils in addressing the impact of HIV and AIDS on sustainable development within their communities…………..52 4.4.3 The participants’ views on the role of Local AIDS Councils………………………......53 4.4.4 The participants’ views on the role of their respective stakeholder organizations in the Local AIDS Council………………………………………………………………………….54 vii 4.4.5 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………56 4.5 Theme 2: Achievements made in addressing the impact of HIV and AIDS on sustainable development………………………………………………………………………..57 4.5.1 An analysis of the role and responsibilities of AIDS Councils as presented by the participants in comparison to the role and responsibilities of LACs as espoused by Versteeg ……….………………………………………………………………………………….58 4.5.2 A review of the participants ‘listed achievements in relation to the four key priority areas of the NSP 2007-2011……………………………………………………………………60 4.5.3 Matching of achievements with the use of concepts such as advocacy, resource mobilization in relation to addressing the impact of HIV and AIDS on sustainable development………………………………………………………………………………………61 4.5.4 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………62 4.6 Theme 3: Challenges experienced and views on possible interventions to counteract the effects of such challenges in addressing the impact of HIV and AIDS on sustainable development………………………………………………………………………………………64 5. CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS………………………………………….67 5.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………….67 5.2 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY……………………………………………………………68 5.3 SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS ACCORDING TO THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY………………………………………………………………………………………69 5.4 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH…………………………………………..71 5.5 RECOMMNDATIONS TO POLICY MAKERS……………………………………………..72 5.6 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………..73
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