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Review of Reflections on Old Order German Sects in Berks County: Past, Present and Futureâ•Flowen Reitenauer, Et Al. (Eds.)

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Review of Reflections on Old Order German Sects in Berks County: Past, Present and Futureâ•Flowen Reitenauer, Et Al. (Eds.) Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies Volume 8 Issue 1 Article 10 2020 Review of Reflections on Old Order German Sects in Berks County: Past, Present and Future—Owen Reitenauer, et al. (eds.) Berit Jany Follow this and additional works at: https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/amishstudies Part of the Religion Commons Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Recommended Citation Jany, Berit. 2020. "Review of: Reitenauer, Owen, et al. (ed.) 2019. Reflections on Old Order German Sects in Berks County: Past, Present and Future. Morgantown, PA: Masthof Press. 198pp., p/b, $15.00." Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 8(1):97-98. This Book Reviews is brought to you for free and open access by IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The University of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Book Reviews 97 Review of: Reitenauer, Owen, et al. (ed.) 2019. Research papers and additional writings from Reflections on Old Order German Sects in Berks members of the religious communities were County: Past, Present and Future. Morgantown, brought together and edited by students and fac- PA: Masthof Press. 198pp., p/b, $15.00. ulty. The contributions—essays and personal accounts—vary in style, reflecting the many indi- By Berit Jany viduals involved in this joint project. Apart from University of Colorado, Boulder outlining the college-community collaboration through text and pictures that capture students’ Berks County with its diamond-shaped on-site work, the introduction provides a short dis- area of 864 square miles located in southeast- cussion of relevant terms such as Plain People vs. ern Pennsylvania is rich in history and scenic Fancy Dutch, Pennsylvania Germans vs. German- resources. Its mild climate, fertile soil, and the Americans, and basic information about German Schuylkill River attracted European settlers in the as a language and its presence in North America. beginning of the eighteenth century. Looking at a The brevity of these explanations and simple dis- map of the county and reading the names of towns tinctions suggest a more general approach to the such as Hamburg, Womelsdorf, Rehrersburg, and subject matter. This approach becomes even more New Berlinville, the German origin of these im- noticeable in the first chapter’s broad overview migrants is easy to identify. In fact, Berks County of European history from the Roman Era to the is known as part of Pennsylvania Dutch Country, nineteenth century Franco-Prussian War, leaving with Mennonites having settled this land as early the readers wondering what the invasion of North as 1717. The county is also home to the first known Africa by the Vandals in the fifth century has to do Amish congregation in America, established with eighteenth century Anabaptist and Pietist mi- sometime between 1736-38 along Tulpehocken gration to America. To be sure, the text is sprinkled Creek, and to numerous other Old Order Germans, with some interesting facts such as St. Boniface’s less “plain” Moravians, Mennonites, and main- initiation of the Christmas tree tradition; how- stream Protestant Pennsylvania Germans. These ever, a greater focus on pre-and post-Reformation German immigrants have put their stamp on all Europe would perhaps better guide the readers’ facets of religious, economic, and cultural life of understanding of Berks County’s wide spectrum the area, creating a rich heritage and diversity of of German religious groups. denominations that is explored by the eleven con- The description of developments in the tributors of the book entitled Reflections on Old “Old World” is followed by five short chapters Order German Sects in Berks County. on the various groups, their histories, tenets of The publication marks a collaborative effort faith, practices, and missionary work. Zachary between Penn State Berks and the local commu- Stoltzfus, Penn State student and descendant of nity. In the fall semester of 2011, a dozen of the early Amish settlers, links the migration of Old college’s Global Studies and Communications Order groups with the religious ideal of striving students conducted research on Amish and other for a perfect place. In his research essay, he pres- Old Order communities in the county. They were ents the Anabaptist history of persecution, disper- also involved in physical work at the Nicholas sion, and settlements in America. He also lists the Stoltzfus Homestead, roughly one mile from cam- various Old Order Mennonite and Amish groups pus, and detailed their research on various aspects in Berks Co. and details Nicholas Stoltzfus’ biog- of community life and piety in essays and term raphy. In the chapter on the Moravian Church, the papers. In 2013 the college sent another group of Rev. Ron Rice gives a brief account of Jan Hus, students to the Stoltzfus site to conduct archaeo- his followers, and their refuge at the estate of logical digs and prepare the text of placards for Count Zinzendorf in Saxony. He also highlights museum exhibits. These work-study initiatives the church’s beliefs, practices, and eighteenth cen- built a relationship between students and local Old tury missionary work among Native Americans. Order communities that bore fruit both in resto- For the chapter on the Schwenkfelders, Penn State ration of the homestead and in a compilation of student Michal Komemi interviewed two mem- writings collected in this book. bers of the faith community to learn about the group’s history and original beliefs. In the chap- 98 Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies,Volume 8, Issue 1, Spring 2020 ter “Brethren,” Randall Fegley, a political histo- other chapters of the book, the essay then shifts to rian at Penn State Berks, offers an introduction to the portrayal of a few Revolutionary War heroes Pietism, with emphasis on the history, theology, from Pennsylvania, e.g. Bartholomew von Heer, and structure of the German Baptist Brethren and an immigrant with previous military experience the Brethren in Christ. Smaller Pietist groups with in Germany, and Joseph Hiester, a Reading-born a former presence in Pennsylvania, e.g. Hermits of politician who raised a militia with which he took the Wissahickon, Community of True Inspiration, part in the battle of Long Island. Both examples, and Conrad Beissel’s semi-monastic community as interesting as they may be to military historians, in Ephrata, are briefly mentioned. In the chap- seem out of place in a chapter claiming to discuss ter “War and Peace,” students Collin Haas and pacifist Old Order communities. Samantha Kerling examine Pennsylvania German Discrepancies are also apparent in form and influence—both as pacifists and participants—in language. Fegley, a Penn State professor serving warfare at home and overseas. as faculty advisor of this Global Studies project, The last four chapters of the book pertain to the has contributed one third of the book without ap- contemporary situation of Amish in Pennsylvania, pearing on the list of authors. Although his texts their traditions, limited interactions with the out- are well written, it becomes noticeable that—as an side world, and decline of early communities. In expert on African politics—he is less familiar with his research essay, the student Owen Reitenauer the intricate elements of Anabaptist and Pietist discusses Amish resilience to modernization and history. Moving beyond his field of expertise with cultural change. Sam Stoltzfus, an Amish carpen- this publication on German religious groups and ter and historian, vividly describes the barn rais- migrations, some consultation with a German lan- ing at the Stoltzfus site. Global Studies major Erin guage specialist would have been beneficial, as his Wade addresses the historical development of the and other texts lack precision in German spelling Amish quilt, choices of fabric and patterns, and and inflection. More careful editing is also needed the economic importance of this textile tradition. in some of the bibliographical information. Jennifer Screvane, Penn State student, explains the Despite inconsistencies with regard to content decline of early Amish communities and the cur- and form, the project’s intention is commendable. rent situation of Amish families in Berks County. The book documents a concerted effort of students Each chapter is unique in its approach and and faculty to engage with the community and structure. The entire collection of writings is share their findings with a larger audience. The special as it presents actual student work and ac- initiative promotes diversity on multiple levels: counts from community members. The title of the it portrays the heterogeneity of Berks County’s book, however, is misleading. Those who expect religious landscape and it enables a religiously thorough and geographically specific research on and racially diverse group of students to interact the county’s Old Order communities will be some- with Old Order communities. The task of writing what disappointed. Some chapters provide general and editing essays allows these students to take information about the religious groups that is eas- ownership of their learning and to bring visibility ily accessible in other publications and does not to their research achievements. The
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