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!"! !" !"! YOUTH H

ow to help those today, who will will become ourleaderstomorrow who today, those help to ow kaelee pearson

[thesisstudio fall2007] ourfuture architectural community planning policy social

WHOSE RESPONSIBILITY IS IT ? 1statement

2face of homelessness

3users ONTENTS C 4portland’s homeless plan 5case studies

6site analysis

7program

8design guidelines

9bibliography YOUTH

HOMELESSNESS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 omelessness in the will not disappear, and reducing the number of H services available, as many cities are, only perpetuates more homelessness and push those in need further away from support and services. - Sam Davis, “Designing for the Homeless Architecture that Works.” p. 1-5 W the dignity of people who have fallen on hard hard on fallen have sustain who that times. people of facilities an dignity play creating the can in it role However, best important how homeless. the considering help to when of think people change. not will and homelessness permanent new providing affordable housingoptionsthecurrentof pattern the without is America therefore, in stock housing leading causeofhomelesspopulationgrowth, affordable of lack provide bellowstandard emergency shelters.The and intopermanenthousing.Itisnotenoughto that aimtomovepeopleabovehomelessness perpetuating just develop supportiveallinclusiveserviceshelters are we feet, the growth ofhomelessness.Itiscrucialto their on back get to society bynotproviding theservicestheyneed control oftheirlives.

OBJECTIVE profession first the be not may Architecture By allowingpeopletogounnoticedwithin homelessmoveoff thestreets andregain eneedtofindeffective waystohelpthe to shelter a homeless family, but only $743 $743 provideonly supportiveservices. but family, per monthtosubsidizeanapartment and homeless a shelter to in NewYork Cityitcosts$3,000permonth permanent .Forexample, for ahomelessfamilyinshelterthan understand should a keyeconomicfact:itcostsmore tocareThey homlessness. of and thecommunityunderstandcost the architects jobtohelppolicymakers comfortable goingto. friendly facilitiesthatthehomelesswillfeel to designclean,safe,accessible,and for thehomeless,itisarchitects job decision the made has to investinthedevelopmentofnewshelters community a Once According toSamDavis,itisalso OBJECTIVE

2 even possible to eradicate youth homelessness homelessness youth eradicate over time. to possible even and the helpofcommunityserviceprograms itis experiences young previous Therelife patterns. are successstoriesandwiththese of overcome many must first adults however, over crime potential, and cost in time. Theseyoungestmembersofsocietyhave community the these saves it encourage and support youth tobecomeeducatedandselfsufficientto and environment violence the more domestic be of and life drug abuse.Instead,ifacommunityprovides a to of centers, susceptible residents treatment prisons, long-time jails, become could youth the the homelessyouthpopulationare ignored, shelter intheCentralCityofPortland. with thedesignofayouthtransitionalhousing homelessyouthpopulationinOregon I n this project the focus will be on the the on be will focus the project this n OBJECTIVEProfessionals saythatiftheproblems of have they once graduated from thetransitionalprogram. affordable find housing and finally care permanent and health to treatment, access drug gain skills, life helping education, findjobplacement,developat aimed shelter youth betweentheagesof15-21finishtheir youth transitional on focus will focusonthedevelopmentofalarge that agencies homeless youth.Forthisreason thisproject three only are there in Portlandforthehomelesspopulation Within thecontinuumofservices OBJECTIVE

3 To be homeless is a condition most of us even fear to imagine- let alone experience. And, too often, fear inhibits action. Americans cannot just fear homelessness, we must work together, architects and others, to prevent it.

- Nora Richter Greer, “The Creation of Shelter.” p.5 IRE=STHN, U1%5):V

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- Tribune Comic eneral description of the homeless population in America G 1who are the homeless 2why are they homeless

3what services are standard

4housing/ shelter types

5what are their needs FACE OF FACE HOMELESSNESS FACE OF HOMELESSESS 5 stimates in 2004 put the average nightly count of homeless citizens E at 700,000 in the United States. 2004 Census Urban Institute Website Article “A New Look at Homelessness in America” B This population is he most “shelter resistant” resistant” structures. “shelter most he based ondistrustofauthorityandserviceis population This population havesomeformofmental illness. general the up make the population. that Around percentage homeless. same the of percent 23 are homeless the estimated of is families. it percent Today 40 over children. that their and women, demographic consistofsingleparents ,usually population period the different demographicsofthehomeless extended an over or accurately, it ismore usefultoinvestigate night given a on

WHO homeless the of percent 30 About about compose veterans Military homeless growing fastest The calculating thenumberofhomeless ased onthedifficulties thatliein of homelessseniors isincreasing. are overtheageof55,howevernumber a . afford bedroom to 2 hour rate an market dollars 20 average on San Franciscopeoplewouldneedto make income tohousingcosts.Incitiessuch asnot do jobs wage provide enoughtoafford the30percent of this minimum For enough. population, not is employment resistant” structures. “shelter most he based ondistrustofauthorityandserviceis population This population havesomeformofmentalillness. drugs effect. and the are cause the for is alcohol and effect, the homelessness is others, homelessness and cause substance abusers.Forsomethisisthe Less than10percent ofthehomeless homeless the of percent 22 For homeless the of percent 30 About are homeless the of percent 30 FACE OFHOMELESSESS 6

A thousand dollars in attainable savings. savings. attainable in dollars residence. thousand permanent a secure Currently, theaverageAmericanonlyhasone to cycle enough a in having stuck get homeless of spendingmoneytostayoff thestreets andnot the enough apartment an Without . savings toputdownafirstandlast deposit on previous their afford to losing unable are economic often of a newhousingunitwithintheirbudgetafter People result a usually situations. is residence new to homelessness. are three mainstepsthattakeplacewhichlead to themajorityofcaseshomelessness,there WHYIn mostcasestheinabilitytoattaina helportaketheinduringatimeofcrisis Step 3: newresidence Step 2: Step 1: leads that trigger different a has population lthough eachdemographicofthehomeless Nosocialsupportgroup orfamilyto Unable to locate, move, or afford a afford or move, locate, to Unable Loseplaceofcurrent residence

osn usd ot. to costs. compared subsidy costs housing service and the of shelter of discussion the into cost ofhomelessnessandthecomparison gets This dollars. homeless serviceswasstillover1billion 2002 in However, contributiontothe federalgovernments programs percent. 70 subsidy over by housing for funding cut by within mostAmericancities. exacerbated especially the extreme shortageofaffordable housing is This shortage. leading tohomelessnessisthehousing In the 1970’s he federal government government federal he 1970’s the In trend detrimental most the Nationwide FACE OFHOMELESSESS 7 lthough the nation has been committed to creating a “decent home and suitable living A environment for all” since 1949 with the passing of the Housing act, today’s response to the problem highlights homelessness as a direct response to the much broader low-income housing crisis plaguing the nation.

By replacing old low income , residential hotels, and SRO’s with new condos and apartments those people on the edge of society are pushed into homelessness and despair

omelessness, Long-term Change, and the Universal Living Wage Campaign H The Universal Living Wage Campaign is a committee of House the Homeless, Inc. It is a nonprofit, charitable organization. HTH is comprised of homeless and formerly homeless citizens and those dedicated to ending homelessness in our life time. Their goal is to identify core causes of homelessness, isolate them, and take a pragmatic approach to ensure long-term systemic change. HTH believes there are three areas on which to focus. They are Affordable Housing, Living Wages, and Health Care. They believe if these problems are solved the lives of all affected parties would be stabalized. -Universal Living Wage website http://www.universallivingwage.org/ W where they don’t feel like they are able to to able are they like institution make choices. feel or don’t prison they a places like where of much to afraid are are that “Shelter they are say who a at Those or Resistant” shelter location. a in service safe and comfortable those than listed above,thehomelessneedto feel important more However, to: access to.Theseincludebutare notlimitedservices basic are there that mostofthehomelesspopulationneeds location service

SERVICESJob SkillTraining Case Managers Drug Treatment Mental HealthTreatment Heath Clinics Affordable HousingPlacement Transitional Housing Access toShowers Food ServicePrograms Emergency Shelter other or shelter a at help seek to henahomelessindividualdecides FACE OFHOMELESSESS 8 ouse the Homeless Inc. 2007 Austin Texas Survey H HTH conducted a survey in December 2007 of 625 people experiencing homelessness. Astonishingly, 38% indicated that they were currently working, yet still homeless. Upon releasing the survey results they were notified that in Atlanta, Georgia, 45% of their homeless population were working at some point during the week.

In Austin, they also posed the question: “Would you work a 40 hour week job if you were sure it would pay you enough for basic food, clothing and shelter [a living wage]?” The resounding affirmative response was that 90.7 % said they would work 40 hours for a living wage. Apparently, the work ethic is there but the wage is not enough to keep people out of homelessness. This also is suggested to be the leading cause for the dramatic increase in homeless families over the past 10 years. -Universal Living Wage website http://www.universallivingwage.org of the options that currently exist. exist. currently that options the of the be provided. Thefollowingisagenerallist determine to type ofhousingorshelterservicethatwill important is it center homeless development ofanewhomelessservice the serve which populations.Whenconsideringthe options non housing private or profits. Thesemakeupthemajorityof money government by are thosethatare subsidizedorsupported A types whichexistinAmericathere mong themanyformsofhousing Transitional Housing Transitional Shelter Emergency Shelter

of subsidy. pay forshelterusually through someform User: usually 3monthstoayear. become independent.Durationofstay is service programs forparticipantsto occupancy rooms. Oftenincludesocial From dormitorystyletomultiple Type: getting intoamore stablehousingtype. permanent housingbutare interested in User: bases. night to Duration ofoccupancyisbasedonanight and hasadifferent useduringtheday. serves asasleepingarea duringthenight style, oftenisasingleopenroom that Type: shelter. housing andhaveapressing needfor User:

Usuallyorganized inthedormitory

Those whohaveasmallabilityto Those whoare unabletopayfor for pay to unable are who Those Combination oflivingarrangements. Assisted Housing Supportive Housing with rent vouchers. for lowincomefamilies orindividuals market-rate housing thatissubsidized Type: incomeonhousingbutnotmore. User: can be1yeartoseveralyears. the housingarrangement.Duration and resident programs are integralin single familyhomes.Socialservices studios, apartments,andevensome housing inarrangementwithSROs, housing. Similartotransitional Type: a portionoftheirhousingcost. User: years. 2 to months 6 Duration either onsiteorasaconditionofstay. Services forparticipantsare included independent studios,andfamilyunits. rooms, singleroom occupancy(SRO), including multipleoccupancydorm T HOUSINGype: TYPES Thosewhocanpay30%oflow Thosewiththeabilitytopayfor Usuallyprivatelydeveloped Firststeptoward permanent Takes many different forms forms different many Takes FACE OFHOMELESSESS

9 W where they don’t feel like they are able to to able are they like institution make choices. feel or don’t prison they a places like where of much to afraid are are that “Shelter they are say who a at Those or Resistant” shelter location. a in service safe and comfortable those than listed above,thehomelessneedto feel important more However, include These to. access but are notlimitedto: needs homeless the of basic population are most there that location services service other or

THEIRJob SkillTraining Case Managers Drug Treatment Mental HealthTreatment Heath Clinics Affordable HousingPlacement Transitional Housing Access toShowers Food ServicePrograms Emergency Shelter shelter a at help seek does to decide individual homeless a hen NEEDS FACE OFHOMELESSESS 10 ho will be the users of the facility W 1statement 2who are Oregon’s homeless youth

3why are they homeless

4who is responsible for them

5what services are needed USERS TARGET GROUP TARGET USERS 11 hese are the most vulnerable kids in the world, and they’re highly fixable.” T -Dennis Morrow, Janus Youth Programs

Source: League of Women Voters of Oregon subgroup ofthehomelesspopulation. most the with faced of also difficult challenges. front are in yet and They them opportunities homeless. most the the these of have improve future help and can we lives education, meals. training job basic shelter, and as providing such By services state. our in citizens attempting in the proactive aroundto turn thelivesofyoungest be can population, such community youth population homeless the as homeless the of subgroup O

TARGETWhat servicesare currently available What servicesare needed Why are theyhomeless How manyhomelessyouthare there Who are they this about questions many are There particular a on resources focusing By regon’s HomelessYouth GROUP USERS

12 he exact number of homeless youth is hard to determine since many youth do not seek the help Tof service agencies due to a fear of being sent back to their parent or guardian or be placed with a care agency. Many do not seek help because they are or have been involved in illegal activities, have addiction problems, or have untreated mental health issues. League of Women Voters of Oregon, p.2 W sleeping on the streets on an average average an on and night. streets the homeless on are sleeping youth estimated is 2,500 it over that alone. Portland of Oregon City in as the many In youth as are homeless there 24,000 that estimated is it the LeagueofWomen Voters ofOregon, their from away stable living parent orguardian. a is and lacks who 21, residence and 15 of age the homeless youthisayoungadultbetween According to the 2005 report by by report 2005 the to According For thisproject, thedefinitionofa hoare Oregon’s homelessyouth? Of these: shelter. homeless youth were servedbyafederallysupportedunaccompanied 1,992 2002-2003 From the Out of the Shadows report by RHYMIS, 26% haddropped out 19% attendedirregularly 45% attendedschoolregularly 20% Hispanic 20% AfricanAmerican white were 60% 88% were betweentheagesof15and20 52% were female 48% were male in period month 12 a during Oregon In

Why are theyhomeless

WHO importantthanfamily. becomingtheirownpersonismore peopletofitinwith,atanagewhere Defining onesselfwithagroup Teen pregnancy Drug use Limited choicesotherthanfostercare individualyouthortheirfamily. Lack ofaffordable housingforthe Primaryreason forhomelessness General familydysfunction more homelessgirlsthenboys. Accountsforonereason there are youthhavebeenabused. relative or OutsideIN estimates 2/3 of homeless parent a from Abuse Factors thatleadtohomelessness: USERS

13

W system whichoftenleadstohomlesness. guardian theythenenterthefostercare longer becared forbytheirparent or self. of sense a family. form the to begin outside They ties create and and family friendships the from separate natural a is it development foryouthtobegin adolescence, of age the and challengingparental authority. At especially and child a teenagers, whentheyare pushinglimits for care to times care to unable are is they parent for thechildthere are otheroptions. until the when children adults, their for responsible However, once the child can no no can child the once However, at hard is it understand People Although legallytheparents are hoseresponsible fortheyouth? housing and skill development program, studies studies participants maintainedpermanenthousing. program, development have shownthataftertwoyears,90% of skill and housing job professionals, as such heath training programs, andlibraries. care, agencies day have local must schools, other of shelters of support this, do the To members again. productive society useful becoming overcome to community the in needed their obstaclesandgetlivesontrack is youth the system help to involvement community a the is enforcement law correct answer.feel detrimental and are which business to homeless the Also, nuisances regard money. public the as owners of them use help business valid to a many is dollars do streets tax and the off providing homeless are that they feel not that fault teen’s the Community Involvement

COMMUNITY transitional inclusive all an providing By that is matter the of truth the However, Many communitymembersfeelthatitis the youth. Then the question becomes how how becomes question well canacityprovide foritscitizens? the Then and youth. the guardian or parent cities the fostercare systemhavefailedtohelp the the once becomes “problem” situation homeless the in thestateofOregon are valid,ultimately in increase the by just better are services? there served be to already are able that ones the or there are more homelesscomingtothecity runaways” thequestionbecomeswetherto want don’t other who become thedestinationfor“allWest Coast for leaders concern one community number the is of this influx an be will the numberofhomelesscitizens.While there participants when Portland, of services are offered andthere are willingCity the in seen As While these concerns from officials officials from concerns these While USERS 14 association (League of Women Voters In In Voters Women of religious Oregon). (League having or association conditions, like prison youth some serviceprograms duetostrictrules, homeless street awayfromturn manycharacteristicsof the on as act to experiences adult a to a mentororguidance.Also,basedonpriorappropriate and connection a is significant desire needs youth in the that difference one number the moderately have different needs. veterans families homeless as homeless or just needs the different development, population ofyouthhomelesshaveslightly cognitive and social Y According tomanyserviceproviders, of lack their and age their to Due outh ServiceNeeds Needs ofhomelessyouth Service Needs Help findingajob Help attainingaGEDoreducation Places toliveuntillifestabilizes SERVICESAffordable housingplacement Family orguardian mediation Case Management Substance abusetreatment Mental healthtreatment Job skilldevelopment Life skillstraining Education programs Food programs Shelter documentstogetjobs are Money forschoolactivitiesornecessary shelters other closedduringtheday when go to place A Drug treatment andsupport Mental healthtreatment Medical anddentalaccess USERS 15 hat is the city’s view on 1current state of Portland’s W homeless youth services 210 year plan

3outcomes of the 10 year plan

42007 homeless street count

5homeless service agencies

6youth service agencies PORTLAND’S

HOMELESS PLAN PORTLAND SERVICES 16 Anthony and Jason, two of Porland’s Homeless Youth sitting on the sidewalk near Pioneer Square, a popular transient hangout location. Anthony, on the left is enrolled in a Portland city homeless service program which gives at risk young adults technical training and a stipend for rent as long as their attending school. However, the stipend in not enough to cover his rent and pay for living cost like food, leading him to panhandling on the streets to make up the rest. -Phil Busse

D ata from 10Year Plan-Action sleeping on the streets or outside in a vehicle. vehicle. a in outside or either streets Portland the of in on number residing sleeping the homeless” calculate to “hidden attempt an in count than rather capacity shelter give anaccuratehomelesspopulationcensus. Portland’s reflect to away from services.Thiscountismeantmore using people and rent assistance,aswellthoseturned of count shelters, motelvouchers,transitionalhousing, point-in-time count yearly night the biannual a The take on March andNovembereachyeartocompare to system. was step counting Commission first tier two a Citizens the developed reason this For area. an accuratecountofhomelesspeopleinagiven 2004 CountofHomelessinPortland

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d s t y % g n i n i l s t i , r e n i n h d e n c s s g s n g e s , 19 espite the dedicated efforts of many, more people are homeless in Portland than ever before. If Dwe as a community don’t come up with a permanent solution to our city’s homelessness problem, we risk having a permanent homeless population on our streets. Portland Mayor, Vera Katz Speech about “Home Again the 10 year Plan” December, 2004 H $JUJ[ A P 10!y FOT$ ortland andM ome ear plantoendhomelessnessin PNNJTTJPOPO)PNFMFTTOFTT % FD FNCFS ultnomah County Again housing. This results in a cycle that leads many many leads that cycle a in people intochronic orpermanenthomelessness. permanent results in This placed are housing. today to According individuals there. stay permanent them the 10yearplan,onlyabout30%of homeless into help and services housing from people move to on thestreet. However, theobjectiveshouldbe people from servicetothenbackout What needstochange for accountability to all homelesssystempartners. commitment a and people immediate housingforchronically homeless government, hospitals. local the in social serviceagencies,non-profit groups, and instituted being are number recommendations madebythecommittee increasing a always of homelessintheCityPortland.The the develop to combat to created plan was Homelessness on H The current homeless system ferries ferries system homeless current The The planemphasizestheneedfor Commission Citizens the 2004, late In omeAgain,10Year Plan

10 supportive other and services. assistance, rent housing, supportive in be which offers socialandclinicalservices, would permanent of Housing form the offered. service in only anyone by our community.experienced However,length housingisnotthe the homelessness shortening of YEARchronic and ending for homelessness methodology first” Principles of10yearplan PLAN The principles emphasize a “housing “housing a emphasize principles The measurableresults 3. Distributeresources basedon homelessess servicesinorder toprevent 2. Stream lineaccesstoexisting populations 1. focusonmostchronically homeless PORTLAND SERVICES 20

We are already providing rent assistance that works

Since 2001, &Transitions to Housing' has provided 524 households Homeless funding by activity with short"term rent assistance. After six months, 83 percent of

About %30 million is spent on services for homeless people in Portland every these households retain permanent housing without additional year, yet only about 12 percent of that money is currently spent on permanent rent assistance homeless people. All are partners in the !homeless system" and have a direct CHRONICALLY HOMELESS PEOPLE HOMELESS FUNDING BY ACTIVITY Chronically homeless people consume more resources housing. ronically homeless people (those stake in providing e# ective and e$ cient services with a goal to end homelessness. CONSUME MORE RESOURCES Chronically homeless people'those who have been homeless a year or who have been homeless a year or The wider community also has a stake in ending homelessness. As members C more'consume about half of the total resources spent on all homeless 5PUBM':oGVOEJOHNJMMJPOGSPNGFEFSBM  of a community, we want to take care of our citizens, including those with more) consume half the total resources programs in Portland and Multnomah County, even though they represent TUBUF MPDBM BOEQSJWBUFSFTPVSDFT 6. Create innovative new partnerships to end homelessness. illnesses or disabilities who cannot care for themselves. In addition, all of us only 10 percent of the total homeless population. spent on all homeless programs in Portland want safe, clean, and livable streets and neighborhoods. Ending homelessness in 10 years will require tremendous e! ort and resources.

and MultnomahWe wil l County,strengthen relationships although and par thetnerships among government agen"   # Nine actions that will end homelessness represent onlycies, nonpro10% ts, of and the institutions total in order homeless to leverage funding that is available for permanent supportive housing.   population. Prrogress toowardso permanentlwgr y eliminating e ahomee% r sl d i s m s t p i n e a r t m i n a g h n e n o t m l e % Coordination among partners in the homeless system must also be improved.   " # llessnesse requires actions by alls parttners p inn then e ae s r r s s r i en q t u h i er e s a c t i o n b They chronicallyFor example, a an institutionalhomelessl divide betwareeen those housing and service funding still hhomeless systeem:o by local mgovverm nnments; bye socialm: e r b l e e y ns  l s t o s s ;c y b a s l t y go s  o c i a l stymies the development of more permanent supportive housing. sservvice proevvidersi and p nonprocri & dtts who regularlr s ey o w r s h a o n r d e n gu o nl a p r lr o & people for whom the current system of   By demonstrating our success in moving homeless people and families into pprovvide servviceesri to homelessdio s people;c h teand by the s o em r e l e s s p e o p l e ; a n d b y t h e services is notpermanent enough. housing, w eThey also hope are to recr theuit ne w partners, including the hhospitals, coorrectionso facilities,r s andr othersp whoe i c t ta i l  o s , n c s f a c  i l i t i e s , a n d o t h e r s w h o business community and ordinary citizens. hhavve homelesse apeople in their h systeems. mo m s . e l e s s p e o p l e i n t hpopulatione of thei homelessr s who yare mosts t   likely to cycleThese in ne wand partnerships out wilofl bringthe us homelessthe additional resourc es necessary to   completely end chronic homelessness. With the addition of new partners and TheseT are the steeps byh which twpse e h s e eb s y a t r wh i c h w system and nethereforew resources, we putwill be theable to greatestrespond more quickl strainy to homelessness when   & will end homelessness e by 2015: n d h o m e l e s s n it happense $and even pres vent it in the # srst place. b y 2 0 1 5 :   $ on the system. 1.1 Moove people. intove housingM ! rstr . st pe o pl e i n t o h o u si n g 7. M ake th!e rent assistance system more e! ective.   % By concentrating resources on this We will e! ectively coordinate existing rent assistance programs to sustain TThe most critical issueh facing all homelesse h m o mo s )PNFMFTT1e t PQVMBUJPO lc e 3FTPVSrs DFT$POTVNFEis t i c a l i s s u e f populationa cfirst, somei n of the pressureg a on l ppeople'tthe lacke ofh permanento housinge 'p l l a e c ' k o f p e r m a n e n t h o homeless upeople in permanents housingi oncn e they are placg ed there. wwill be addressed b &i rrst. Otherl s sere vvicees andt ai s. c O a d dn t rd h e e s r s s e d e r& the existing Rsystemather than ha vingwill multiple be reducedservice providers and and jurisdictions provide rent 5SBOTJUJPOBMBOEFQJTPEJD 3FTPVSDFTDPOTVNFEJODMVEF pprograms directr eed at homelesso d people grand a at hm o s dm i e r l e e c s t s " 5SBOTJUJPOBMIPVTJOH p e o % 1FSNBOFOUIPVTJOHp l e a nassistance throughd di! erent programs, we will o! er a streamlined program of IPNFMFTTQFPQMF could better serve the other population of ffamilies wila l suppor st mand maintain a uhomelessi npl i dpe s mo w r a i it l&NFSnHFODZNFEJDBMTFSt WJDFT a i n #  $MJFOUBTTJTUBODF h o &  $mBTFNBOBHFNFOUe l e s rents assistanc e. Such assistance is particularly critical for families, who fare people in this permanent housing. t 1TZDIJBUSJDTFSWJDFT homeless citizens.best when placed in permanent housing as quickly as possible upon facing $ISPOJDBMMZIPNFMFTTQFPQMF $ 4IFMUFSPQFSBUJPOT homelessness or its threat. 22. Sttop disch.aorrging people Sgp into homeleissnssnessd. n i g sc e pe h o tpl%FUPYGBDJMJUJFT e i n t o h o me l e

When institutions like jails and hospitals discharge homeless people, they t 4IFMUFST "OBEEJUJPOBMNJMMJPOXBTBMMPDBUFEJO':oGVOEJOHGPSUIFDPOTUSVDUJPOPG USBOTJUJPOBMBOEQFSNBOFOUIPVTJOHGPSIPNFMFTTQFSTPOT often struggle to link them to appropriate services because there is a lack of t -BXFOGPSDFNFOUBOEDPSSFDUJPOT permanent supportive housing available. This also applies to the foster care system, which discharges young people at the age of 18, who are also at risk of becoming homeless. $VMIBOF.FUSBVY )BEMFZ 5IF/FX:PSL/FX:PSL"HSFFNFOU$PTU4UVEZ $4) Citizens Commission on Homelessness Plan to End Homelessness 10 YEAR PLAN Citizens Commission on Homelessness Plan to End Homelessness PORTLAND SERVICES 21 services and permanent housing through through housing coordinated outreach and engagement. permanent and services Improve outreach tohomelesspeople number ofpeopleonthestreets. and hospitals jails tosocialservicesitwouldreduce the from patients discharged Stop discharging peopleintohomelessness homeless all facing people issue critical most Move peopleintohousingfirst hospitals 2015. and facilities, will helptoeradicatehomelessnessby non correction departments, profits, government as that such steps key nine are when followedbyallinvolvedpartners there Commission, 9 Linking existing homeless people to to people homeless existing Linking By betterconnectingrecently Lack ofpermanenthousingisthe As outlinedbytheCitizens StepstoEndHomelessness housing onetheyare placed. programs tosustainhomelesspeopleinpermanent Make therent assistancesystemmore effective institutions. agencies,nonprofits,among government and Create innovativenewpartnerships new 600 and homeless units designedforhomelessfamilies. chronically the for designed Increase thesupplyofpermanentsupportivehousing shelters plan this Under people time. house of will returntotheiroriginalpurpose. to forced periods of are long growth for the shelters with homlessness, Currently shelter. seek to as temporarysafeplacesforhomelesspeople Emphasize permanentsolutions Effectively coordinate existingrent assistance partnerships and relationships Strengthen units housing new 1,600 be will there 2015, By designed originally were shelters Homeless

10 currently is than available. depth YEARmethod in more a in comprehensive the on population data collect homeless will system This Homeless the Management InformationSystem(HMIS). adopt will system Implement newdata-collectiontechnology people. offers workforce assistancetohomeless together tostreamline thesystemthat Increase economicopportunities PLAN In 2005allpartnersinthehomeless work will County and City The PORTLAND SERVICES 22 20 hard toreach homelessyouthwillbe The newHomelessManagementInformation supportive permanent for Resources be will children with families homeless 250 awaywillreduce thoseturned by5% Waiting listsforsheltersandnumberof 160 newunitsofpermanentsupportive 175 chronically homelesswillbehoused 10 YEARG PLAN permanently housed in 26homelessserviceagencies System (HMIS)willbefullyoperational 20% ofoverallfunding housing willincrease from 12%to permanently housed housing willbeopened oals tobemetwithinfirstyear PORTLAND SERVICES 23 Housing First Works Moving people into housing ! rst saves money

Last year JOIN"an organization dedicated to helping homeless A study by Portland State University showed that homeless What needs to change? While this plan emphasizes ending adult chronic homelessness, we remain people move into permanent housing"moved 436 homeless people spend 65 percent less time in hospitals and visited the committed to e! orts to end homelessness for all people, including families. It!s widely accepted that the current homeless system, while it works well for people o& the street and into permanent housing. After a year, emergency room 51 percent less once they moved into permanent We also believe that families can experience chronic homelessness and are some, is not doing enough to permanently end homelessness. Some people nearly 90 percent remained in this permanent housing supportive housing committed to understanding and serving this population e! ectively. By respond well to the system!s design"which moves people from emergency implementing this plan, we will build a system that serves all homeless people shelters, to short#term shelters, to transitional housing, and then to perma# more e! ectively. nent housing. For others, however, the system merely ferries people from service to service, and then back out onto the street. We need to get more Using our resources more e! ectively people into housing and help them stay there. Making the homeless system work better Why focus on chronic homelessness?

Tooo much currento spending on m u c h c u r r e n t s p e n d i n g o n To move from the institutionalization of homelessness, the institutions that On any given night, about 4,000 people sleep on the streets or in shelters Chronically homeless people currently consume about half the resources hhomelessness goeso toowards prom vvidw# i ed a l r# e d s s s p n e r so s go e s t serve homelessness must change. across Portland. Homeless people can be adults, young people, couples, or spent on all homeless programs. These are the people for whom the current iing emergencyn servviceesg eto homei # s c h t m o me r ege # n c y s families withe children. Theyr are living on the streets, either temporarily or for system is not enough. They are the homeless Rather than shu$ ing homeless people from service to service and back to lless people,e yet withouts evver s e p r e o p l e , y e t the w long term, for a variety iof reasons.t They hmay be homelesso because ofu an t e populationp mosto likeely to be pcycledl t back b outu onto l e a c t i y o c n l em d bo s a t c l k i k o u t o n t the street, the aim of all government agencies, nonpro% ts, and institutions in gegetting them into permanentt p t i ne r g t m ha n e me n i t n untreatted mental illness, a physical disability, domestic violence, the loss of a the street rather than supported in permanent the homeless system must be to % rst get homeless people into permanent hhousing. Only oabout 30 perc a eentu of n sb i t o n o u g. ft O 3 0 n p l e r job, orc a drug addiction. They may be experiencing a # nancial crisis and have housing.h WWheno homeless peopleu enteer hthe shome"r ie tn n g.h h e o h m o em l e e s " s p e o p l e e n t housing. hhomeless individualso and familiesm e l e s s i n d i v ibeen edvicted from theiru home for thea # rst time;l theys may cycle afrom home" n d lessl f systeeem and amosvvem back mouts einto the sstreets, a b it ti yl n i ah s e dc t e s k m s o t or u e t e i t ns , t i t aare currentlry placeed inte o p permad # c p il au ne c Thisr r10t#yearr planm is ebuilt on threen principles:a t # l lessness to housing and back to homelessness again; or they may be chroni" creatc ees strainr on homelesss e programs s a and pressuret t r a i n o n h o m e l e s s p r o gr a m s a n d p r e s s u r e nnent housing aeffteer receeivingt n r i r tv h i e n c o g u s i n g a on institutions like jails and hospitals. 1. Focus on the most chronically homeless populations. cally homeless, having lived on the streets for many months or years. sservvicees frrome ouri homelessso cr f m o u r h o m e l e s s This plan has a focus on chronically homeless people$mostly single adults By concentrating resources # rst on housing ssysteem. Toodayy !s homelessm s d h systeemt a. m o y m! 2. Streamline acce ess to existingl serevices in orders to prevents and reduc s e y s t who have been homeless for a year or more, though families can also experi" chronically homeless people, we will eliminate simply does not have the other homelessness. ence chronic homelessness. Chronically homeless people are typically the this pressure on the system, allowing us to use capacity to permanently house 3. Concentrate resources on programs that o& er measurable results. most visible and troubling part of the homeless population, su! ering from the homeless system more e! ectively for other evveryyone whoe needso it. TTher resultn is a h e e w r h e os u n l t e i e s d a s i t . These principles emphasize a 'housing % rst( methodology for ending chronic problems like drug addiction, mental illness, or other disabilities. They often homeless people, including families and those cycle that leads many people into chronic or permanent homelessness. homelessness and focus on shortening the length of homelessness experi# recycle through our system unsuccessfully and place heavy economic burdens who are temporarily homeless. It will also help A large population of homeless people is a symptom that our community is enced by anyone in our community. on taxpayer"funded programs. This drain on resources limits our ability to uus respond mores quickly r and prevvent a homelesse e " s n n p d t o h p n or d e m m e o l e r s e s q u i c k l not healthy. It is not healthy for those who are homeless, and not healthy for ness when it threatens a person or family. Focusing on housing % rst, however, does not mean that housing is the only e! ectively serve others who are homeless or may become homeless. the rest of us. The perception also exists among individual citizens, neighbor# service o& ered. For many this housing will come in the form of permanent Homelessness a! ects many families as well. Every year, approximately 2,200 hoods, and many in Portland!s business community that homelessness is supportive housing, which o& ers social and clinical services to residents people in families are homeless in Multnomah County. Unfortunately, this is hurting the local economy. Many report that seeing chronically homeless Who has a stake in ending depending upon their level of need. These needs include medical care, mental often a cycle$research suggests that homelessness in families puts kids at people on the streets is disturbing or frightening to customers and tourists. homelessness? health services, rent assistance, or other kinds of support. Research has risk of school failure, mental health problems, and substance abuse. Because The end to chronic homelessness needs to be one of our top priorities as a shown that addressing other life issues in the context of permanent housing of the di% culties they face while young, these children often grow up and fall The City of Portland and Multnomah County community. is the best way to a& ect permanent change in the lives of homeless people, be back into homelessness by themselves or with their own families, creating a invest public funds and operate programs that provide direct services to they chronically homeless adults or homeless families. multigenerational homelessness problem. homeless people and families. The City and County also fund services pro" vided by nonpro# t organizations and private service agencies. Corrections facilities, hospitals, schools, churches, and charities also provide assistance to

Citizens Commission on Homelessness Plan to End Homelessness Citizens Commission on Homelessness Plan to End Homelessness The city housed 33 “hard to reach” homeless homeless reach” to youth “hard 33 housed city The were housing supportive opened permanent of units 244 homeless 344 for families withchildren housing permanent Provided 3 is This year. first the in times theofficialpeople goalthatcalledfor175 housing homeless permanent into chronically 600 moved Portland F Homelessness ExceedOfficial Expectations irst Year Resultsfor10Year PlantoEnd PlantoEnd Homelessness plain andsimple.” “Getting peopleintohousingfirstworks

10 FirstYear ResultsReportfor10-Year ErikSten PortlandCityCommissioner YEAR PLAN

PORTLAND SERVICES 24 Outreach to Portland’s Homeless Population

-joe-anybody.blogspot.com/2007/03/homeless-pro. Identified asexperiencingChronicHom Un-duplicated Count:1,438 2007: year plantoendhom T

count is building in

Both the2005and2007countsusedHUD’sdefi The following F to 386in2007,or898fewerpeople. fewer buildng ro The 1 1 2 4 5 T indicates the

the ageof18. single individual The agesof Age Ranges f put intogroupings,the street January24 I o 6 2 8 4 5 5 ol 7 N h N 0 ------t 1 1 2 4 5 6 0 2 2 1000 1500 2000 2500 - u e l a D 5 1 7 3 4 4 9 + o l 0 0 500 unduplicated m l l w 0 0 I H 0 people. Total 0 N 4 7 5 a i 1 1 1 1 1 2 n 3 j 1 1 1 G 7 7 o 0 4 included o 5 g 6 h 8 m r 1 S c o i t

1 2 m h Multnom 1 y e

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ped fro Pers 4 a 0 l o e findings: 1 3 5 u e 0 r l t Of e f 8 5 s 2 2 m s num t 3 2 s s / 2 th 1 9 b t h s

adults over ons: 0 a , 2007were e o 1,284 2005 2007 Y below because b 0 count of s r 4 l 7

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231 660 229 1 0 2007. 35 17 17 11 5 0 as

6 nition of“chronically

2 2 e 0 0 sleping lessness in2005,therewasa 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 e 4 0 7 5 Information from lessness on 0 0 Chronically 5 7 0 H S t o 1,284 r e 386 m u heavily on Howevr, individuals condition). these criteria(i.e.havingadisabling the pas least fourepisodesofhom h experiencing thisextentof disability hom indvuals condition weretallied.So identify chro have resultedinanunder-countof “chronically hom 2007 e 666 141 476 n o t 48 61 11 20 11 outside, e

4 C a m l S o e c t u e e nicaly s c r 2 n l les s e o e t e

the street,car,orabandoned t m This isa R s t threeyears.

s either of e C pa n s

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n were who 1,438 of total a unduplicated. Thistotalincluded: with counted were this on housing those transitional or include night. not did shelters in survey people This meant situation. not and locations in for habitationwere askedabouttheircondition sleeping the by persons used where method The count. Multnomah Countywasasurveyedstreet count street night one taken onJanuary24th,2007intheformofa 007 theJanuary2005street a i f s h t 3 e e a City andCounty’s a

2007 o / R ve m 196 101 d Chronically 2 y has 16 20 14 year omre m H n 2 1 6 9 5 e i a 3 e / s P have hicle oranabandoned d 0 n l e o u e les these, or 9 e 7 e l d adisblng l m less” andthism s %

been e t r Street Count

i

s

c s Page 7 v e 3 s e 1,235 adult individuals individuals adult 1,235 4 unaccompaniedyouth<18 couples 71 28 familieswithchildren people 1,600 of total a showed results The The mostrecent homelesscountwas d i l 27% pers 55% / b ” d 70% n self-identifying e 2

e e m s u t 2 2007 a continuously

121 465 372 s e c / a 30 47 11 s a 0

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number of homeless persons on the street street need. the on the persons by placingthemwiththeservicesthey homeless decreasing of in number making is plan Year 10 to fell counted the 1,438. 2007 homeless in of as number where total total persons 2,355 were Street unduplicated there 2007 2005 in Again “Home Count” example, the For to counted. reduction according homeless overall of an 39% with a of show decline, dramatic homelessness of demographics Comparison ofResultsto2005 This shows the progress the new new the progress the shows This all count, street 2007 the In 2007Street Countp.4-7 Plan- Year 10 - Source: PORTLAND SERVICES 25

ortland’s Homeless Service Agencies Central City Concern P Many programs that help people move from homelessness and poverty to a life of self sufficiency Community Engagement Program Detoxification Center Old Town Clinic Portland Alternative Health Center Work Placement Permanent Housing placement

YMCA/ YWCA Part of the Portland service continuum since 1919

Portland Rescue Mission

St Francis Dining Service

Safe Haven 24 hour, year round shelter

Rose Haven

Council for the Homeless SERVICES PORTLAND SERVICES 26 LMN@OPIJ* Q.+%);R L etty Owings Center -Helping Women and their families overcome chemical $%&$'()*$%)+*)(,*-,.+/,-0*1-+.,&&2*&(,*3,.45,*$%),-,&),6 dependency and homelessness $%*777*4%6*)(,*.+%)$%885*+9*.4-,*1-+9,&&$+%4::0; Debourah came to the Letty Owings Center (LOC) after <,-9,.)::0* 1+&$$)$$+%,6* )+* /$$,=* )(,* 4',%.0* 4&* 3+)( 8Y:_yearsAM Sof alcohol abuse as a teenager and then continued .:$,%)* 4%6* .+%)-$38)+-22**&(,** .8--,%):0* =+->&* 4) K ?@722**5,%))+-&**4%6**1::4%&**+%**.+%))$$%8$$%'**(,- substance abuse during her time in the Army and Marines and $%&'(&%)*+,-.&%/+.01.02&*3.&4%)(+.5%0+&'(-&0.+,-.(*,'5&4'0.&6'4,5,*'*%0+&'*&*3.&78$$9&:;<=>?&@8=$8A&B7:@C&-% ,6688..44))$$++%%**==$$))((**))((,,**((++11,,&&**++99**55++//$$%%''**,,//,,%%**9944--))((,,-- an introduction to Meth use. After her time in the military she $$%)+* )(,* 99$$,::6* +99* -,.+/,-0* &,-/$.,&; (%*&+..D&5,E.&'&F'0*,4)5'05G&60,H3*.(,(H&/)(43I&;3G&*3.(2&J.0.&*3.G&+%&.'+,5G&'/5.&*%&+4'0.&K./%)0'3&A')L&$3,+&J'+&' J%D'(2&'6*.0&'552&J3%&3'-&+.01.-&,(&*3.&M0DG&A.+.01.+&M=K&*3.&movedN'0,(.+2& back/..(& to,(& the4%)(*5.++& Portland/'0& area6,H3*+& and'(-& continued+F.(*&G.'0+ a life poverty AB+=2*,/,-0*)$5,*C*'+*)+*=+->2*C*.+5,*(+5,*=$)( F'0*G,(H&J,*3&*3.&>GF+G&O%E.0+&P&Q%0*5'(-R+&%J(&1.0+,%(&%6&*3.&S.55R+&and M(H.5+I&drugs. After=%*&D)432& giving%(.& birthJ%)5-& to *3,(E2&her first4%)5-& child)F+.* and being nearly &+5,)($%'*C*(4/,*:,4-%,6*43+8)*5,2*43+8)*&+5,3+60*,:&,2 3.0I&=%(.*3.5.++2&K./%)0'3&'-D,*+&*3'*&%(&*3.&-'G&+3.&J'+&'-D,**.-homeless, she was unable to come clean from her substance *%&7:@&+3.&3'-&(.1.0&/..(&+%&*.00,6,.-&,(&3.0&.(*,0.&5,6.I&O)+*&%)*&%6 43+8)*:$9,*$%*',%,-4:D*)($%'&*)(4)*C*.4%*8&,*)+*(,:1*14-,%) abuse. Finally she wentS%% toF .the0& @ LOC.(* .for0 help. Now back on her 50*.($:6;*C*',)*4*)-,5,%6+8&*45+8%)*+9*98:9$::5,%)*9-+5*50 *3.&S::Q8A&K8$:T&@8=$8A&'(-&'(U,%)+&*%&/.&0.)(,*.-&J,*3 !"#$%&''&()$(*$+((,#-$.#)/#-$&'$/($&)/#-0#)# feet with custody of her son she owes her new lie to the help E+32*4%6*C*',)*)+*'$/,*&+5,)($%'*34.>;F*GG((,,**..--,,66$$))&&**?@7 3.0&(.J&+%(2&*3.&7:@&+*'66&J'+&'+E,(H&3.0&*%&D'E.&+%D.&F0%6%)(- &)$/"#$,-(1#''$(*$1"#%&123$4#,#)4#)15$65 ,-(0&4&)7$(8/-#21"9$'(6#-&)7$2)4$'86218/# 4%6* +)(,-* 777* 1-+'-45&* =$)(* &4/$%'* (,-* :$9,2 43'(H.+V&*%&H0%J&)FW&6'4.&3.0&'--,4*,%(+&'(-&5.'0(&*%&/.4%D.&'&ofH%%- the Central City Concern and their support programs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ebourah K./%)0'3&H0.J&)F&,(&N,5J')E,.2&:0.H%(2&*3.&'-%F*.-&-')H3*.0&%6&'(&'54%3%5,4&6'*3.0&'(-&'&D%*3.0&,(&-.(,'5I&K0)H+&'(- Central City Concern. 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They The Mission of CENTRAL CITY CONCERN began providing services to people who is to provide pathways to self-sufficiency were homeless and dealing with addiction through active intervention in poverty and in the Old Town/ neighborhood homelessness. of Portland in 1979. They are a non-profit service agency focused on managing Philosophy: many facilities aimed at dealing with the It is the Philosophy of CENTRAL CITY increasing problems of homelessness in CONCERN that, in order for a person to Portland. successfully achieve self-sufficiency, they In 1980, CCC began managing housing must not only have access to housing, and then assumed the management support services and employment responsibilities of the Hooper Detoxification opportunities, but also be building Center in 1982, beginning their involvement positive relationships with those who in health and recovery services. Next have had common experiences and can the CCC recognized the importance of offer support. employment to keep the users self sufficient and stable and in 1992 they began a workforce program.

- Source: Central City Concern. 2003 Annual Report SERVICES PORTLAND SERVICES 27 !!""##$$%%&&''((!!))$$**((!!++##!!""%%##

- Source: Central City Concern. 2003 Annual Report ,,--..//00--1122(( ..33(( 445566778844997777::;;::55<<;;11 =>>?( &<<9-6( %5@3A. entral City Concern pregnant or parenting young children. The Employment: C Services Offered OldTown clinic provides primary health care to The West Portland One Stop is an people who are homeless, living in poverty or employment center which places people Housing: who have insufficient or no health insurance. The looking for work in contact with employers Currently the CCC owns or manages Portland Alternative Heath Center runs out- looking to hire. It is a partnership between 22 buildings with 1,259 units of affordable patient addiction recovery programs as well as the CCC’s Workforce Program and the State or special needs housing. providing primary and alternative heath care. The Employment Department. The partnership Types of housing services include: Parole Transition Program is for people coming allows a broad range of services and transitional housing, permanent housing, out of the corrections system needing housing, resources to be housed together at one alcohol and drug free housing, HIV/AIDS recovery, health and or mental health care and location. Here they provide access to housing, housing for families, section 8, employment services. Finally, their resident computer labs, job banks, skill assessment, and affordable market rate housing. services are designed to acquire the household== >9training+ ??= programs,@A+ $$ job> trainingBAB$+ classes,c items needed to make a home and assist people work experience through CCC’s business Health care and Recovery: in staying in housing. $$=EEFAB?Genterprises,+ HHAI JunemploymentIHEHA ?insurance+ KKL= ILJE Central City Concern manages 8 $$ payments,HH and food stamps. KK major programs to meet the needs of $%&'()*+ $,'-+Some$.&/%(&+ of .00%(1+the CCC’s'2.+3.(%+ business4(.5()31+ '6)'+2%(%+&.'+3%&',.&%7+,&+%,'6%( people who are homeless because of drug $6)(*%1enterprises8+.(+9%:.;()6 include81+1'.(,%1 CC<+ Building'6%+=>9 +?=@A+$>BAB$+C=?$D+)&7+'6% addiction or metal health and primary $=EMaintenance,EFABB?G+ HAI CCJI Janitorial,HEHA?+ KL CC=I Painting,LJE+ C$H KD!+ ?6%+ =*7+ ?.2&+ $*,&,/ health issues. .4%&%7+Second,'1+7..(1+ Chance,&+"MNO+ on)1+ Broadway)+A)',.&)*+ P%)*'6+Thrift Q%(Store,R,/%+ $.(41+1,'%+)'+'6%+H)1'+%&7 These services programs are the .0+'6%+andS;(&1,7%+ SecondS(,75%T+ ChanceB&+"MN#<+ Hotel/Motel'6%+=*7+? .2&+Sales.$*,&,/+3.R%7+)/(.11+'6%+(,R%(+'.+,'1 Hopper detoxification Center and its /;((%&'+ *./)',.&+These.&+ employment'6%+1%/.&7+0*..(+ opportunities.0+)+:;,*7,&5+ )'+A@+O(7+)&7+S;(&1,7%T+B& offshoots the Sobering Station, CHEIRS "MNU<+provide'6%+/*,&,/+ the:%/)3%+ final )+steps4(.5()3+ for .0+individualsH/;3%&,/)*+ toE,&,1'(,%1+ .0+=(%5.&+)&7+,&+'6% van, and a 5 to 7 day medically supervised 0)**+.0+moveVWW"+ from'6%+/*,&,/+ homelessness:%/)3%+)+4(.5()3+ to self-sufficiency.0+$%&'()*+$,'-+ $.&/%(&T detoxification unit. The Letty Owings and independence in fitting with Central ?6%+=*7+?.2&+$*,&,/+4(.R,7%1+/.34(%6%&1,R%+/)(%+0.(+)+()&5%+.0+3%7,/)*<+1;(5,/)* Center treats poverty level women who City Concerns mission and philosophy. )&7+41-/6,)'(,/+4(.:*%31T+?6%+/*,&,/+4(.R,7%1+4(,3)(-+6%)*'6/)(%+1%(R,/%1+'.+4(,3)(,*-+1,&5*%<+6.3%*%11+3%&+)&7+2.3%&+,& SERVICES '6%+=*7+?.2&+)(%)+.0+K.('*)&7T+X;**+3%7,/)*+)&7+4(%R%&')',R%+/)(%<+3,&.(+PORTLAND1;(5%(-

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Outside-In Provides medical and dental clinic, addiction and mental health services, case management, legal advice, employment program, transitional housing, independent living program, and job training at the Virginia Wolf Dog Day care.

Janus Youth Programs 24 hour access and reception center, crisis shelter, short-term shelter program, transitional housing, youth gang outreach, teenage pregnancy prevention, and outreach workers.

SERVICES PORTLAND SERVICES 29 xamples of homeless shelters and services E 1Intro : criminal or homless 2portland’s outside-In youth shelter 3letty owens center, portland central city concern 4dignity village, portland STUDIES 5NYC tier II homeless transitional housing CASE 6st. vincent de paul village san diego 7crossroads shelter oakland

CASE STUDIES 30 D o we in America treat our criminals better then the homeless?

“For the homeless in this country, conditions are bad; the homeless survive in environments more dreadful than prison inmates do, a comment perhaps on a nation’s morality. What is needed is more decent, low-cost housing places for people to call home for extended periods of time.” - Nora Richter Greer “The Creation of Shelter.” p.10

Housing as an integral part of the continuum of basic human needs. Shelter Safety Privacy Warmth

How have Homeless Service Agencies in the United States approached this problem. F or the homeless in this country, conditions are dire ! WHICH WOULD YOU PREFER? How do we as a society live our lives forgetting about those who are the weakest in the community? How can a community as a whole allow for an entire portion of the human population to live in conditions below those that we provide for our criminals.

PROBLEM PRISON HOMELESSNESS CASE STUDIES FROM THE DIRECTOR

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CASE and learning provides and Expands Project Access Warrior Road The Skilled casemanagersprovide 316 STUDY - . CASE STUDIES 31 - Photos: . & Personal Images KellyAndersonand Michelle Howel - Source: .

meals by utilizing their private or community community or private their kitchens. utilizing by self meals more be to However, sufficient are required toprovide theirown expected day. a are are who meals 3 to those up therefore and with have program program provided day the housing to access transitional the Based in those bedrooms. and private have on theparticularparticipantsneeds someof kitchens, but space bathrooms, living share floor third apartments the studio private and on thefourth.Thecommunitylivingrooms on floor 3rd the on complex andismadeupofcommunityliving composes the3rd and4thlevelsofthe parenting or pregnant for youthandHIV+youth. options housing prepare to how learned stabilize and for selfsufficiency. work youth 53 and helped school in apartments. also they community year 7 Last and housing on-site Housing The transitionalhousingprogram There are alsospecifictransitional of units 30 offers program housing Their

staff members in the lobby 24 hours a hours 24 lobby the day. in members access staff key with closes after 8.Alsothere are alwaysatleast2 but open is day the that during grounds the around gate 8pm atnight.There isalarge fenceand safety many are precautions tosecure thebuildingafter there In Outside at case, months andayearhalf. particular each and the standard lengthofstayisbetween9of needs the on of characteristics based length rather but designated time a not is program

CASE site on residents are there Since housing transitional the While STUDY CASE STUDIES 32 “I was passionately angry that there weren’t any treatment programs to help my sister and her child to begin the recovery journey and this is what motivated me to begin what I have accomplished.” - Nancy Anderson -http://www.centralcityconcern.org/loc.htm

L center formothers Treatment andrecovery Portland etty OwingsCenter the past 18 years. Opened with only 8 beds for for beds 8 only with Opened years. 18 past the recovery servicesforpovertylevelmothers been providing substanceabusetreatment and Anderson, theLettyOwingsCenter treatment plan into safe and affordable affordable and their safe from into plan graduating placement treatment after easier for participants allows of it CCC all the by with run LOC the of Center. services the othersupportiveservicesandopportunities Owings the Letty the combining of By duties management Central CityConcern children.” who are pregnant and/orparenting young residential treatment topovertylevelwomen Mission service Portland’s of going part been has agency continuumeverysince. and integral an year as helped first strong center its the in families children, 24 for 10 and mothers Originally openedin1989byNancy In 1997 Central City Concern took over the the over took Concern City Central 1997 In -http://www.centralcityconcern.org/loc.htm “To provide comprehensive, intensive

(LOC) has office, out-patient services, and CCC’s Old Old CCC’s and services, Town Clinic. services out-patient employment CCC office, Clinics, Medical service agenciessuchastheirConcern Federally is integratedintotheotherCentralCity a also is there Qualified HealthCenter. Also,theprogram spaces counseling and treatment medicalserviceand Full Services 179 seen has and 1,000 treatment drug-free duringtheprogram. babiesborn over receive helped has families Center Owings Letty help inrecovery. 100 individualswaitingfortheirchance center andacontinuouswaitinglistofover Current Conditions access tojobsandjobtraining. housing aswellsupplyingthemwith

CASE Alongwiththetreatment housing the 2005, in count last the of As the at beds funded 42 are there Today STUDY CASE STUDIES 33 First News Account of On December 16th of the year 2000, a group of eight homeless men and women pitched five tents on public land and Camp Dignity, later to become Dignity Village, was born.

”We came out of the doorways of Portland’s streets, out from under the bridges, from under the bushes of public parks, we came openly with nothing and no longer a need to hide as Portland’s inhumane and Draconian camping ban had just been overturned on two constitutional grounds. We came armed with a vision of a better future for ourselves and for all of Portland, a vision of a green, sustainable urban village where we can live in peace and improve not only the condition of our own lives but the quality of life in Portland in general. We came in from the cold of a - Source: December day and we Dignity Village refuse to go back to the website, News way things were.”

D Jack Tafari, one of the the founders ofDignity Village of one Tafari, Jack OR Portland, ignity Village other homeless in the community that were were that for community the people in homeless homeless by was It other designed 2000. and 16th, founded December Homeless on Portland’s Community of some by founded which is in charge of overseeing new rules, rules, new overseeing of charge in is which Board ofDirectors elected eachyear and activities group in work. participating members program isdevelopedtokeepallcommunity some formofworkexchangeorcooking dutyatmosphere group a in people live who share similarvaluesandides.Usually where to is This together come eco-village. an as way Village AdministrationandArrangement and members community small volunteers. the with by and built village city true tent a a become being has just now past developed has bushes, under streets, the on and indoorways” living of “tired Dignity Village isaformal“Tent City” In thecaseofDignity Village there isa Dignity Village isarrangedinthesame Throughout theyearsDignityVillage (www.dignityvillage.org ).

CASE are: These community. enjoyable and Village toensure thecontinuationofasafe 5 GuidingRules to required only are participate in6hoursofworkaweek. days half least Villagers at school. who work16to30hoursorgoschoolattending and is village There the security. and an exceptiontopromote workingoutside cooking, construction, as sanitation, such various jobs through and week chores per village the to STUDYWork DutyRules Everyone mustcontributetothe No continuousdisruptivebehavior No alcoholordrugsonproperty or No theft No violencetoyourselforothers Dignity at rules basic 5 are There labor hours 10 give must villagers All maintenance and operation of of the village. operation and maintenance within aoneblockarea CASE STUDIES

34 In the 1980’s New York City realized their shelter system desperately needed reform. Emergency shelter measures and welfare hotels were costly, dangerous, and doing little to help people escape poverty and homelessness.

In NYC, tier II shelters were defined as those serving ten or more individuals or families, have private rooms, serve three meals a day, provide child care, health eir II housing in New York City services, and referral services as well as T guidance for permanent hosing placement.

The tier II program is one of the nations most effective models for shelter organization. These facilities harnessed all of the previously dispersed community based services and redeployed them in new innovative and cost effective ways. CASE STUDY CASE STUDIES 35

J San Diego,CA St. Vincent dePaulVillage oan Kroc Center facility to both house and assist the homeless homeless the assist and house California.in Southern inclusive both all to complex a facility envision to began image of a mission that is open to all people people all to open is that under god.Thecross onthebelltower and mission a of image service centerdeveloped byapastorandthe the relationship betweenareligious based visual the of missions builtintheAmericanWest (Davis,1). lot a retains meaning thatwascharacteristicinthe originalCenter Kroc the Style, Mission California characteristic southern Design Imagery the influence can meals design 1,300 ability ofasheltertohelpthecommunity. what over shows it provide day, and a time a at people shelter withanabilitytoaccommodate350 of Mahal” range ofservicesandthecapacitythis “Taj the as square today shelters (Davis,1).Basedonthecomprehensive 110,000 of known is total and a is foot center he dollars Built in 1987 for a cost of 11.6 million million 11.6 of cost a for 1987 in Built In theearly1980’s, FatherJoeCarroll The first design characteristic deals with with deals characteristic design first The Designed byred A.DeSantointhe vehicles to abasketballcourt valuable their unattended, alsothedinningroom converts leaving about worry and volunteerssothewouldn’t needto an underground parkinggarageforstaff of that doublesaspassivestackcooling, Some these includethedesignofabelltower he characteristics. with as well neighborhood as the with issues deal regional DeSanto by developed Useful SpatialDesign the to protection and conveys most vulnerablecitizensinacommunity. safety of courtyard idea the interior a of inclusion

CASE elements design the of Many STUDY CASE STUDIES 36

inviting to those who need the services. By By most visibleandaccessible. services. the need who it istheplacing theentrance onacorner those to inviting into thecomplexisimportantinmaking it complex. such asbedrooms facedtheexteriorof public the opencourtyard whileprivaterooms into divided were and privatespace.Thepublicspacesfaced spaces the plan, as well as rain and circulation spacearound thecourtyard. heat the the from up cover braking space open imposing 3 story facade. The loggia provides the into projects the courtyard onthegroundmission levelthat original to the on style designsthere isaloggiathatborders access Based have or space. wither the courtyard levels open the three all face on spaces common Kroc Centerwastohaveallthefunctional Schematic Design Lastly, thedesignofmainentrance Within thearrangementofrooms in The focusforthedesignofJoan

CASE STUDY CASE STUDIES 37 “We’re asking people to focus on serious issues in their lives, It’s easier to do that when the place is functional.” The Sustainable Approach - Ms. Jackson Executive Director, When Wendy Jackson, executive director of East Oakland Community Project the East Oakland Community Project, began searching for financing for the project, she said some people told her, “ ‘They need a good place, but that’s going too far.’ ” People, she said, “didn’t get it.” Ms.

built “green” from the ground up, including solar panels on the roof. Jackson says “There’s a larger issue than just sheltering people.” Most of her residents have asthma, allergies, H.I.V.

With its distinctive exterior, the state-of- or diabetes, and they need a healthy the-art $11 million shelter is already a environment in which to heal according to landmark in Alameda County her. David Kears, the director of the Alameda County Health Care Services Agency. says “The building has to be healthy to make people healthy.” The dorm-like structure painted crayon colors has angled exterior walls that make it an instant landmark. Ms. Jackson said she wanted a building that was “dignified,”

-Sources: adding, “People in crisis need to see things East Oakland Community Project website, http://www.eocp.net/index.html are under control.” Ms. Jackson said she Pogash, Carol, New York Times online, Published: January 28, 2008, hoped to lure volunteers with the clean, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/28/us/28shelter.html?_r=3&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin well-lighted place. people to successfully transition to to transition well-being. homeless successfully to prepare that people comprehensive services support compassionate, and housing dignified to regain alifeofself-reliance. Theyprovidehomeless “empowering of individuals andfamiliesinAlameda County mission Projects continuing theEastOaklandCommunity residents onanemergency shelterbasis The newfacilitieswillaccommodate125 and desks and air, be can fresh bureaus madefrom pressed wheat. in that let to ceiling windows opened paint, practical but nontoxic roof, artful fans, heating, solar-paneled a has hydronic It up. the ground be the may what to doors only “green” homelessshelterbuiltfrom the and opening 2008 relocating is had itsgrandopeningonJanuary24th, Crossroads, facility, The to Sustainability Homeless Housing and Health Bringing emergency and transitional transitional and emergency * Computers/Internet Computers/Internet * *Lockers *Laundryfacilities *Showers *Clothing *Three dailymeals CASE are baths private with dorm rooms share in afamilywing.Includedourprogram are. family residents and five & Single income rooms housing. obtaining achieve permanent including residents help self-reliance, support managers comprehensive services.Case and beds housing STUDYServices Include 125 dignified transitional/emergency transitional/emergency dignified 125 Include counseling health mental * Substanceabuse& * Jobcounseling * Medical&dentalcare * Casemanagement

compassionate and healthy refuge refuge healthy for healing and compassionate Crossroads, homeless people,finda At in County. largest Alameda the in and facility Oakland, housing multi-service emergency 24-hour the-art, Crossroads C Oakland, CA Emergency HousingFacility rossroads CASE STUDIES

is astate-of- 1location R elationship to portland and site conditions 2zoning 3site opportunity

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SITE ANALYSIS 38 SW 2nd and Ash Northwestern United States

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Central City, Portland LOCATION SITE ANALYSIS 39

2007Street Countp.9 Plan- Year 10 - Source: that the homeless in general prefer a homeless youthprefrence Downtown. prefer general in Downtown locationandspecifically the homeless the that and location the demographics ofhomelesspersons. their recorded During they count count. street homeless Development conducted theyearlysinglenight Community & Housing of with assumptions up it research. back to However, important districts. the is along and area Burnside/Skidmore in Square homeless Pioneer more the as were felt it there though through neighborhoods, walking Portland experience personal preference pre-exisiting for thePortland’s Downtown.Froma this had that apparent population homless became of it group youth, target user decided S This databacksupmyassumption In January2007,Porltand’s Bureau After initialresearch basedonthe ite Location:

Single NightHomelessCountBreakdown

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d d d d ite SA proposed half block on Ash St. between 2nd and 3rd in the Skidmore District south of Burnside.

Location Reasoning When thinking of a location for a new youth transitional shelter many factors and amenities of an area are important. Portland Regional Zoning These include: social history of district, attitude of neighboring community, users preferences, site access, transportation, other supportive services in the area, and district “fit”. This location is near the existing Saturday Market and where many street kids and the homeless already reside and it is related to the social memory of homeless youth in the Oldtown/Skidmore District area. It is also near the Zoning which acts as another shelter option for this group. The district is currently sensitive to social services, transitional teens, and homeless youth.

ZONING SITE ANALYSIS 41 ,%'%.$ 0ARKING urrently this area of Oldtown, LOTS Chinatown, and the Skidmore district 3ATURDAY C -ARKET is already planned for urban renewal and development. With the pre-existing energy /PEN'REEN 3PACE already invested in this area by the city 3ITE it seems like a realistic location for this ,OCATIONS project. Also, the number of empty holes in Planned and Completed Projects in District the city fabric in my study area suggests that densification and in fill will be occurring to satisfy the development trends in the Portland’s Central City. After analyzing the conditions in the district, it became apparent how much opportunity Open Site Locations there was in the number of existing open in District sites including numerous surface parking lots in the area.

Figure Ground OPPORTUNITY SITE ANALYSIS 42 Proposed Sub-District he City of Portland has currently Uses T completed an analysis and design charette to for the Oldtown/ Skidmore district. The results from the study will help the City plan future development and renewal in this area of Downtown Portland. The Cities analysis coincides with the New Waterfront Master Plan, currently finishing design review and development. For this reason the city is taking into consideration the movement of the Saturday markets current location to the new proposed site inside Waterfront Park. The proposed sub district uses the city developed are in line with my project goals and plan. The city has shown a zone of development that extends the existing social service district on the North side of LEGEND Burnside South into the Skidmore district Community, Social from Burnside to Oak between 1st and 3rd. Services, Restaurants Currently from my analysis, my target site Residential, Commercial, Mixed Use is an empty surface parking lot on Ash St. Office, Institutional between 2nd and 3rd. The proposed Youth Mixed Use Shelter could be the first catalyst of this Saturday Market development type in the area. Cluster CITY PLAN SITE ANALYSIS 43 istorically, this district has been H considered the social services node since 1970 when many services began locating there when land was affordable and the Portland Rescue Mission had already been providing services in the area for years. Currently, there is a wide variety of services offered to the homeless in the Oldtown, Chinatown, and Skidmore districts. These services include: meal programs, missions, health clinics, tattoo removal, service program headquarters, transitional housing, emergency shelters, and more. However, through my research I have found no services oriented toward the youth homeless population. By locating a youth transitional housing shelter in this area it would offer services to the only group not currently being helped in this area.

Area Homeless Services SERVICES SITE ANALYSIS 44

L ocal Businesses

Restaurant Cafe Bar/Pub Club Office Retail P Housing Blank Wall Vacant P Parking P P

P

P SERVICES SITE ANALYSIS 45 O opportunities inthearea include: to Portland will throughout gain accesstotheservicestheyneed.users the travel to then need other not each relative to within proximity service located many are If near agencies project locations. the service locating other for reasoning the to transportationoptions.Thistiesinto factor forsitelocationistheusersaccesshave or car a own available accesstoone,andimportantnot does population and transportation walkability. of forms many to - Bikepathalong riverfront - Pedestrianfriendly pathsalong - Busmalln2ndand3rd - Theproposed MAXextensionon - TheexistingMAXlineon1st transportation existing the of Some homeless the of most Since opportunities site and supportfacilitiesistheaccess greatest the of ne Ankeny and1st runs fro E.sideofPSU 5th and6th

TRAFFIC "52.3)$% Movement Patterns SITE ANALYSIS ,%'%.$

#AR "URNSIDE 0ATH 7ATERFRONT %XISTING-AX -AX-ALL 0ROPOSED 4RAFFIC -AJOR#AR 2OUTES "US 0ATH 0EDESTRIAN 46 General Crime Occurrences Trespassing Crime Misconduct Crimes CRIME SITE ANALYSIS 47 B uilding Character Designated as a historic district in the 1970’s the Skidmore/Oldtown Historic District are home to many beautiful historic buildings. These include the located on the Haseltine Block which the designated project site is adjoining. The Haseltine building was designed in the rough cut heavy stone style of Richardsonian design. Also nearby are the Skidmore fountain, 1888, in the historic . Design Characteristics Masonry construction Double height first levels Predominant entrances Three part facades 3 to 6 stories Ornate trim work Recessed entrance ways Arched windows and doorways Use of columns Transition in materials between base of facade and upper 2/3’s CHARACTER SITE ANALYSIS 48 O utdoor Space In this area of high pedestrian traffic due to the MAX line on 1st and the Bus lines on 3rd, there is a lot of emphasis on public space design and usability. Since the streets and plazas are used differently throughout the week then they are during the Saturday Market on the weekends, this is important for the public space in the Skidmore District to be flexible.

Design Characteristics Open plazas between buildings Non orthogonal streets Paving patterns Outdoor seating Views to Waterfront park On street parking Outdoor artwork or architecture Street trees CHARACTER SITE ANALYSIS 49 Project Site

Existing surface parking lot

On Ash between 2nd and 3rd SITE SITE ANALYSIS 50 esign guidelines and program elements D 1activities and spaces 2program PROGRAM PROJECT

PROGRAM 51 t the beginning of design Activities Spaces A development it is important to Reception Public outdoor space first define the needs of the space and Outside Gathering (maintain percentage) the ways it will be used. Sometimes the Waiting for Services/ Processing Public entry/Reception activities that will take place will require Sleeping Interior waiting space multiple defined spaces and other times a Dining Emergency shelter space single room could have multiple uses. Showering SRO’s The following is a preliminary list of Transitional studio apartments what activities could be included in a new General Living Youth Transitional Housing Shelter. Along Visiting Family Apartments with the type of activities the spatial Health Care Kitchen for residents requirements are also included to begin Counseling Shared dinning hall to define the amount of program space Drug Treatment Laundry rooms required within the project. Education Interior market of services This exercise also helps with Job Training Businesses or services on street level developing initial design concepts, such Job Placement Counseling meeting rooms as what facilities and uses need to be Exercising Case manager offices located near each other and which ones Education spaces have priority both with size requirements and location within the structural shell. Job training space On site businesses Computer room Library Visitors gathering space Recreation room Exercise room

ELEMENTS PROGRAM 52 Case Outdoor Employee Entry Worker Plaza Room Office o start thinking about the square

Reception Waiting Area Second footage requirements of the spaces off street Entrance Case Private Private T Worker Meeting Meeting Office Room Room in the program, making a program chart diagram is helpful. Exam Health Reception/ Room Care Waiting Although this is a first step and no Services Area Exam Room Market of specific sizes have been determined for Service Couseling Obser- vation Drug Room the spaces, it still provides the general room Treatment Couseling Obser- Room vation idea of how priority and arrangement room begins to work. Education Computer Class Library Facilities Room Room Also, while arranging the “Puzzle Transitional Services Interview Pieces” I was able to think about the Job Trainning Room Facilities Meeting program in a three dimensional sense. Room How floors might be stacked and what

Kitchen Dishwashing Visitor Dinning Meeting service want to be located on the ground Hall Space level and what the priority of proximity

Private would be. General Library Alcoves Men’s Women’s Living Shower/ Shower/ Space Private Bathroom Bathroom Alcoves

SRO SRO SRO 250 sf 250 sf 250 sf

SRO SRO SRO 250 sf 250 sf 250 sf Men’s Women’s Dormitory Dormitory Emergency Emergency SRO SRO SRO Shelter Shelter 250 sf 250 sf 250 sf

SRO SRO SRO 250 sf 250 sf 250 sf

Studio Studio Studio Studio Studio 450 450 450 450 450

Studio Studio Studio Studio Studio 450 450 450 450 450

Family Family Family Apartment Apartment Apartment 600 600 600 PROGRAM PROGRAM 53 atterns, styles, and characteristics important to design P 115 design patterns GUIDELINES DESIGN

DESIGN PATTERNS 54 D esign Patterns Vertical circulation Transparency of building front from street Interior courtyard gathering space Privacy gradient vertically Interior spacious waiting areas Connected exterior rest rooms Entry gathering Space Active edges Openings to Street Sunlight A common hearth Short passages or no passage Hallway retreats A room of ones own Storage Pods Bed clusters, or alcoves Market of services Health as heart hen beginning the first round of the Transparent Building Front Entrance Hierarchy W design process many design To help create a facility that conveys In designing a structure which houses patterns can be seen as important in the idea of safety, sanctuary, openness, and many services, there may be a need for driving the style, layout, character, and warmth, it is important to pay attention to the multiple entrances. However, it is important vision of the project. design of the entrances. to include a hierarchy when designing the scale, location, and style of these These design patterns can “There is only one chance to make a first entrances. The main entrance should be develop from research into what spatial impression, so make it a good one.” visible along pedestrian movement and requirements are necessary or can come should stand out from the building edge. from examples or case studies of other Much of the homeless population is When advertising an entrance as projects and what components make them unsure about reaching out for services, based public and inviting it should be more work and feel comfortable to a user. either on previous experiences or the general prominent, visible, and welcoming then Throughout researching the perception of shelter life. To help combat this other entrances nearby. needs and lifestyle of the homeless unease, shelters should have an open, well lit, This entrance would mark the population many characteristics of spatial welcoming entry that reassures the homeless boundary between the life the user is try to that the shelter is there to help and is not an overcome and the opportunities that await requirements became predominant. institution or prison. inside. For this reason the entry should By creating a list of design guideline Research into shelter design has shown capture these ideas and feelings. patterns I was able to develop ones that that the homeless prefer an open and public The entrance could also have levels of are particularly important in the design of space to enter into rather than a small, private, boundary encouraging transition of space. a Youth Transitional Housing project. one on one experience. Also, transparency in the building entry can act as a beacon to the community, expressing the feel of help and security rather than acting as though they were private and hiding what is going on inside. The entry establishes the original trust between the shelter staff and the user. PATTERNS DESIGN PATTERNS 55 Interior Spacious Waiting Privacy Gradient Vertical Circulation Related to the entry, an open While all buildings have variation in Related to designing with a spacious waiting area is important for privacy, it is especially important to consider consideration for privacy, the method of those who are seeking the services from a privacy gradients for homeless shelters where circulation can be very important. facility. daily access services may be public alongside Creating positive indoor space used Most people have seen the long semi-permanent residents who need a higher for movement between building elements lines of men and women waiting outside degree of privacy. is important to ever design. In the context missions and food banks. The are both When designing for a situation like of this site on 2nd, it is important for the degrading and uncomfortable to those this, it is important to take into account site vertical circulation to be designed with who are waiting for the services inside. constraints. The site can dictate the most consideration for light, open space, multiple Instead of leaving people on the sidewalk reasonable direction of privacy gradient. If the level spaces. at risk to the elements, space on the site is large and the shelter will be organized To create useful enjoyable interior interior of the building should be provided horizontally then the privacy gradient will most circulation it needs to feel open and to allow for waiting and processing. likely occur along the horizontal axis. enjoyable. To achieve this there should This area could take the form of However, with the half block site on 2nd be openings between multiple floors, a an interior courtyard with possibly a and Ash in Portland the site demands a vertical reduction in hallways, and allowance for multistory height and lots of light and structure. In this case the privacy gradient will places of rest or respite to create positive views out to put the user at ease. occur vertically so as to provide ground floor space. access for daily services that may be utilized by residents and non residents. As one moves up through the volume privacy would increase with the culmination of individual apartment spaces on the top floors. PATTERNS DESIGN PATTERNS 56 Active Edges Street Side Openings Semi Public Outdoor Court Edges to buildings that are blank or In making “Active Edges” it is important Making the transition from a life on the have no understandable use often become to have street side opening that give use to all streets to a more stable life in the shelter the temporary shelters of the homeless edges of a building facade. system is a hard process. The design of community. By designing active edges on the shelters can be a defining factor in the a building, left over space that is not used “Blank walls create dead space for comfort and ability of users to make this will be eliminated and instead will become pedestrians to pass through, not engage with” transition. a place of transition or gathering. One important design consideration If you look at a building with a dark To create activity along an edge of the is the retention of some characteristics edge covered by a sheltering overhang, building there needs to be visible shops or of street life. One of theses design it is easy to see that the space is not services lining the street edges. Blank walls considerations would be the designation a desirable area for people to utilize can not create activity. These businesses or of outdoor or semi-outdoor space for regularly and instead becomes leftover services should have visible signs of openness gathering. space along the building edge that can be and should have street access for users. A key feature of life on the streets is used for . By creating entry off the street edge more that public space becomes the only area for To create usable inviting spaces activity is developed along the pedestrian edge social groups to gather in. By taking this that add to the positive character and use with people moving along the edge to access away from shelter users it make them feel of the building, each ground floor space entries. cut off completely from their previous life. should be designed with a transitional The design of a new transitional space leading to the sidewalk that creates housing shelter should include a semi- positive active edges. This can be done by private, partially covered, small scale designing outdoor space that is comfortable for positive user people to meet in friendly semi and not feel like enclosed spaces they are intruding. along the edges. PATTERNS DESIGN PATTERNS 57 Market of Services Activity Nodes Interior Common Squares By creating a space that provides When looking at a building of multiple How can small gathering spaces the basic infrastructure for many services floors with many uses it is important to include encourage the feeling of community? to locate in one spot the users would be on each level an activity node. better served. “Make intimate public interior Since most homeless citizens do not “Create nodes of activity throughout each space for gathering and interacting as a have access to personal transportation floor level providing character and interest to community” and many can not afford public services it each level.” is far more convenient for many services By creating space where residents and that are utilized frequently to be located This allows each housing unit to be within users have a comfortable gathering space together. a close distance to some form of supportive that is public yet inside it provides a space If the idea is to provide assistance activity. Based on the necessary program for social interaction. for those who are trying to transition to a for each floor level these nodes could be of As stated before, the social networks self sufficient life style then it should be different scales and focuses. are very important to homeless populations easy for the user to access these services. The nodes should be located off the and by providing the ability for people to The design of this area should circulation path so that activity is visible to all interact and gather in a safe dry place they convey a shop like experience where a users and so the facilities are easy to access. will feel more at home and comfortable. It many service offices could be served by This also allows for spontaneous interaction will also give them investment in the place the same structure and even waiting areas between residents providing important social they are calling home at the time. and reception. The design should be open, contact. If residents feel as though they are These areas should be small, semi varied, and non cut off from the outside world it makes them public, and comfortable. homogenous so it uncomfortable and feel like a prisoner. does not feel like an institution. PATTERNS DESIGN PATTERNS 58 Circulation Paths A Room of Ones Own Bed Clusters “To utilize services one must be able “To encourage individuality one must have When it is not possible to allow for to find them first” a place to occupy alone.” “a room of ones own” the next best option To help encourage the transition from is the design of small scale bed clusters. The solution to this problem is to a social street life to taking responsibility This allows people to feel like they are still create understandable circulation paths for ones own life, private rooms should be occupying a “Space” of their own. for the users of a space. Wether they are encouraged for all users when possible. Instead of arranging beds into grids a first time visitor or resident it should By providing for an individual room with that do not consider peoples spatial needs be easy to read the layout of services privacy and comfort it reduces the group bed clusters would make more comfortable and accessibility of each space in the pressures on an individual and allows them to sleeping arrangements that lessen the feels structure. become their own person. Also it reduces risk of displacement for the user. Way finding is an important factor to infection and diseases which are prominent In most cases bed clusters should be in the comfort level of those using the in dorm style sleeping conditions. arranged with semi-privacy in clusters of 5 space. When people become disoriented In design these spaces should be treated or less. in a space they become anxious and like a retreat, but do not require more than afraid. Design can help create comfortable comfort and privacy. usable space. Also, these paths could act as a public street within the building to encourage activity between residents and socialization. However, they should not be corridors that cut through the building. PATTERNS DESIGN PATTERNS 59 Anderson, Kelly and Michelle Howel. Outside In Development Coordinator. Personal interview. 17 Dec. 2007.

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Citizens Commission. Home Again, Report on the 2007 Street Count. Bureau of Housing & Community Development. Portland: City of Portland, 2007. 1-17. BIBLIO Davis, Sam. Designing for the Homeless: Architecture That Works. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. 1-145.

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