13 Singapore Makci2019 MNF

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The Most Admired Knowledge City Awards, better known as MAKCi Awards (pronounced maxi) is a Teleos-MAKE Awards and a World Capital Institute joint initiative that seeks to identify and recognize the progress achieved by urban communities around the world that are implementing knowledge-based development (KBD) strategies under the flag of Knowledge-Cities. MAKCi, as a collaborative research study on-line, represents an exceptional opportunity to build meaningful, collective knowledge that would contribute on an annual basis to the understanding of Knowledge Cities dynamics and transformations.

The MAKCi exercise integrates a capitals system criteria drawn from trail-blazing KBD research. Those criteria are translated into the 17 questions you are proposed in this MAKCi Nomination Form. Its purpose is to facilitate discussions and consultation consensus within the Panel of Experts in order to establish the relative future development capacities of world-wide urban communities in two different MAKCi Categories: Knowledge Metropolis or Knowledge-City Region. Since 2009, a MAKCi winner and runner up are expected to emerge in each of the two categories. As you use this MAKCi Nomination Form you are proposed to make the following decision: a) Is my nominee city a Knowledge Metropolis or a Knowledge-City Region?

Your nominee will be a Knowledge Metropolis if it is • Large in size: with three million (3 M) inhabitants or more living in the urban community you would like to nominate. • A national capital or major international economic or cultural center, acting as an international hub for political, economic or cultural activities. Examples of MAKCi Knowledge Metropolis are: Barcelona (Spain); Boston, (USA): Istanbul (Turkey); Melbourne, (Australia); Montreal (Canada); Ottawa, (Canada); Shenzhen, (China); Tlemcen, (Algeria).

Your nominee will be a Knowledge City-Region if it is • Small to Medium size: from about half a million (0.5 M) inhabitants to less than three million (3 M) inhabitants living in the urban community you would like to nominate. • A national capital or major international economic or cultural center, acting as a regional center for political, economic or cultural activities. Examples of MAKCi Knowledge City-Regions are: Bangalore, (India); Brisbane, (Australia); Donostia-San Sebastian (Spain); Holon, (Israel); Hyderabath, (India); Manchester (UK); Nuremberg, (Germany); Pune, (India); Seattle, (USA); Sfax, (Tunisia); Sheffield, (UK); Valencia, (Spain).

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Name*:__Johnson Paul___Email*_______ Affiliation*:___National Library Board , Singapore ______

*This information will remain strictly confidential, only needed for auditing purposes.

Nominated City*: _Singapore__ (Country: Republic of Singapore) City Category*: Knowledge City-Region F Knowledge Metropolis D

*Please use one MAKCi Nomination form for each nominated city. You can nominate as many cities as you like. Please make sure you nominate each city for one category only.

17 MAKCi Questions Supporting reasons and relevant information, (They are grouped together according to documents and links (to be provided/posted by MAKCi Framework capital categories) expert) on the MAKCi Forum A. IDENTITY, INTELLIGENCE AND RELATIONAL CAPITALS 1. How distinctive and well positioned is 1.1 "Singapore" is the name of both the city and country. It is the city’s identity (how valuable is the incorrect to call the city "Singapore City." The entire country constitutes a single municipality. Before British came to Singapore, city’s brand and reputation)? (1. the island-state was a trading port along the spice route, plying from Identity). the Middle-Eastern region to the East and North-Easter region in Asia. 1.2 The 19th Century history saw Singapore as one of the most important commercial and military centres of the British Empire, and the hub of British power in Southeast Asia. 1.3 Singapore was ranked 7th in terms of its population having a best positive attitude toward foreign visitors. It was also ranked the 1st for Singaporeans having well understood the need for economic and social reforms. 1.4 Singapore is a multi-racial, -religious and -cultural country. Different communities live and work in together, with respect for one another. There is respect of the needs of minorities. One of Singapore’s greatest achievements is to have built racial and religious harmony based on mutual respect and mutual trust. 1.5 In FutureBrand’s latest [2009] Country Brand Index (CBI), Singapore was ranked as the most ideal place in Asia to do business (2nd worldwide), the 5th best new country for business globally and the 3rd best for hosting conferences globally. Singapore is also holding the top position in the world for shopping, and being among the top five in the world for fine dining, ease of travel and standard of living. “These impressive rankings are supported by other research reports such as the World Economic Forum's Competitiveness Report, the Monocle Report 2009, IMD's World Competitiveness Forum and the Heritage Foundation's Index of Economic Freedom.” Tim Riches, CEO of Future Brand Asia Pacific, put an emphasis on Singapore’s consistent improvement over the years and suggested key opportunities for the country brand itself lie within the authenticity of facets like food, architecture and sports. It will be important to develop these not only as selling

points but also as genuine characteristics of the nation’s culture. With the commitments to high profile sporting events such as Formula 1 and the Youth Olympic Games, there is no doubt that Singapore is highlighted again as a key global player in work and in play. 1.6 Singapore was ranked the 23rd in the Anholt-Gfk Roper 2008 City Brand Index.

rd 2. How good are the city knowledge- 2.1 Singapore was ranked the 3 in WEF Global Competiveness based development strategy and the Index (GCI) of 2009-10, remaining the highest-ranked country from Asia. Among the 12 pillar sub-indices that make up the GCI of 2009- capability to enact it? (1 Identity). 10, Singapore scored the best (No.1) in building effective institutions. Singapore places 1st for the efficiency of its goods and labor markets and 2nd for its financial market sophistication. Singapore also has world-class infrastructure (ranked 4th), leading the world in the quality of its roads, ports, and air transport facilities. In addition, the country’s competitiveness is propped up by a strong focus on education, providing highly skilled individuals for the workforce. 2.2 Singapore was ranked the 6th in the Tourism Brand Dimension (2009) composed by Cultural Realms. 2.3 Singapore was ranked the 10th among the most attractive travel & tourism destinations in 2009. 2.4 Singapore was ranked the 1st in the 2010 KOF Economic Globalization Pillar Index. 2.5 Singapore scored the 1st in 2009 World Bank’s KEI Economic Incentive Regime. 2.6 Singapore scored the 3rd for having a low dependency ratio -- population aged below 15 and over 64 years old, divided by active population (15 to 64 years). 2.7 Singapore scored the 2nd for ensuring that environmental laws and compliance do not hinder the competitiveness of businesses in the country. 2.8 Singapore scored 1st for sufficiently emphasizing science in schools.

th 3. How good are the city’s strategic 3.1 Singapore’s People’s Association (PA) celebrates its 50 intelligence systems (e.g. does it have a birthday this year [2010] and they intend to reinvigorate its mission of social cohesion. PA has listed five key areas to focus on for the Future Center or equivalent initiative?) (2. next 5 years. They are building a community of volunteers; Intelligence). engaging youth; bringing residents of different backgrounds together; getting those in the virtual world into the real world and getting more partners onboard. PA also intends to deepen and widen its working relationship with civic groups, non-government, voluntary and religious organizations to reach out and involve different segments of the community. Future Community Clubs (CCs), once the focal points for residents in an estate, will be transformed to allow greater social integration. 3.2 Singapore government established the Economic Strategies Committee (ESC) in May 2009 to study challenges facing Singapore comprehensively for its next phase of development. The ESC recommended in its report in January 2010 that Singapore must shift decisively to foster growth through skills, innovation and productivity. It will be a broad-based increase in the incomes of all Singaporeans. Singapore must also be a vibrant and distinctive global city – open and diverse, the best place to grow and reach out to a rising Asia, and a home that provides an outstanding quality of

life for its people. 3.3 Singapore Budget 2010 focuses on building up the capabilities Singapore need for a phase shift [recommended by the Economic Strategies Committee (ESC)] in its economy over the next decade, with growth being based on the quality of its [human capital] efforts rather than the ever-expanding use of manpower and other resources. The Budget 2010 works towards an advanced economy with superior skills, quality jobs and higher incomes. The Budget is an investment for future (1) to help enterprises and workers raise productivity - by deepening skills and expertise, and innovating to create more value; (2) to further support the growth of more globally competitive Singapore companies who are seeking to commercialise R&D, and expanding their business abroad; (3) to continue to build a society where everyone has the best opportunity to reach further and stretch their potential, and every family can progress and enjoy a better quality of life.

4. How strong is the city’s social 4.1 Social cohesion has been one of the key corner stone in cohesion? (4. Relational). national building as well as the transformation of Singapore. One of the important elements of social cohesion is the respect for needs of minorities by all races of Singaporeans, the basis of mutual trust where Singaporeans have successfully built racial and religious harmony. Another important element of Singapore’s strong social cohesion is the dialogue between its government and the labour movement. The dialogue works well with no history of labour conflicts or labour strikes on an understanding that the economy has to grow for jobs to be created. The social cohesion provides the foundation for the pro-business environment that earns Singapore top global rankings. 4.2 Singapore was ranked the 3rd in having high employment percentage of its population, which reinforces good labour relationships that is essentially important to its social cohesiveness. 4.3 IMD ranked Singapore the 1st for Singaporeans having well understood the need for economic and social reforms that works well towards social cohesion. 4.4 Singapore scored the 2nd for developing a value system in its society that supports competitiveness. The competitive landscape helps raise the tolerance level of accommodating differences within a society that works towards a strong social cohesion. 4.5 Singapore displays mixed levels of social capital. Singaporeans find support in family and friends, but find less social capital in group and community activities. As such, The Legatum Prosperity Index ranked the social capital of Singapore at the 76th position. A high proportion of Singapore people believe friends to be important and 91% believe they can rely upon family and friends, ranking the country 28th worldwide. Whilst a high 61% reported having donated money, only 15% reported volunteering and 30% claimed having helped a stranger, ranking the country in the bottom third on these variables. General trust in others is low at 15% of the population, and membership of groups and clubs is low, with 7% of the population involved in sports, 7% in arts, and just 1% in environmental activities.

5. How good are the city’s regional, 5.1 According to PricewaterhouseCoopers, Singapore is the national and international relations? (4. friendliest nation [ranked the 1st] in granting large numbers of countries with visa waiver. st Relational). 5.2 Singapore took up the 1 position in WEF’s the Enabling Trade Index 2009 ranking. The results mirror the openness of Singapore

to international trade and investment as part of its successful economic development strategy. Singapore’s very open market, as well as a highly efficient and transparent border administration, a well-developed transport and communications infrastructure, and an open business environment, all contribute to its No 1 position in WEF’s the Enabling Trade Index. 5.3 Singapore played host to the 17th Annual Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meetings from February to November 2009. The APEC 2009 meetings culminated in the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting (AELM), where Leaders of APEC’s 21 member economies met. APEC members account for 53% of global GDP and represent a regional market of 2.7 billion consumers. 5.4 Singapore hosted the 3rd East Asia Summit Singapore on 21 November 2007. The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a forum held annually by leaders of 16 countries in the East Asian region. The Heads of State/Government of ASEAN, the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of India, Japan, the Republic of Korea and New Zealand, and the Foreign Minister of Australia, representing his Prime Minister, had a productive exchange of views on regional and international issues, as well as on the growing areas of cooperation within the EAS framework. 5.5 Singapore is an active country member of ASEAN involving in leading and chairing projects for ASEAN member countries. These projects include the ASEAN-COCI that promotes ASEAN to be one community fully aware of its ties of history, deeply conscious of its cultural legacy and bound by a common regional identity. 5.6 The Singapore Institute of International Affairs has been ranked the top 15 think tanks in Asia, from over a thousand listed in the region. This ranking was released in the Global Go To Think Tank Rankings, an annual report developed by the University of Pennsylvania. 5.7 Singapore research institutes and universities have dedicated to studies of contemporary regional and international interests. For examples, the Middle East Institute (MEI) is an autonomous research institute within the National University of Singapore (NUS). The MEI is dedicated to the study of contemporary Middle East. The Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, pursues research on historical interactions among Asian societies and civilisations. It serves as a forum for comprehensive study of the ways in which Asian polities and societies have interacted over time through religious, cultural, and economic exchanges and diasporic networks. The Centre also offers innovative strategies for examining the manifestations of hybridity, convergence and mutual learning in a globalising Asia.

B. FINANCIAL AND INSTRUMENTAL-MATERIAL CAPITALS. 6. How healthy are public financial 6.1 “Singapore has emerged as the second leading global financial accounts? (3. Financial) centre after New York. While New York has withstood the worst economic crisis in seven decades, London slipped behind Singapore as investors’ preferred place for doing business… according to the quarterly [3rd Quarter] Bloomberg Global Poll of investors, traders and analysts.” 6.2 In WEF’s Financial Development Report, Singapore scored the 1st position in the pillar index for having a sound financial institutional environment, which includes robust corporate governance, intellectual property protection, effective contract enforcement, and currency stability.

7. How good are the city’s location, 7.1 Singapore is well placed within the Asia Pacific region and the climate and physical landscape? (7. Indian Ocean region. Singapore’s strategic location has also brought connectivity to key regional markets such as Japan, China,

Instrumental-material). Australia, ASEAN, India and the GCC countries. 7.2 Singapore is generally hot and humid. It’s warm and humid year round, with the temperature almost never dropping below 20°C (68°F), even at night, and usually climbing to 30°C (86°F) during the day. 7.3 Singapore is relatively safe from seismic activity in the region, as the nearest fault line is hundreds of kilometers away in Indonesia. However, the population and buildings are prone to being only very slightly affected by any activity as tremors, which is not uncommon, but generally does not do any harm and is limited to small amounts of swaying or vibration of objects. This is a sharp contrast to many of its seismically active neighbour. 7.4 Singapore has reclaimed land with earth obtained from its own hills, the seabed, and neighbouring countries. As a result, Singapore’s land area has grown from 581.5 km² in the 1960s to 710 km² today [2009], and may grow by another 100 km² by 2033.

8. How advanced are the city’s 8.1 Singapore is geared to building an infrastructure for Asia’s environmental policies? (7. Instrumental- environmental hub. Capitalizing on the country’s robust manufacturing sector, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced material). his plan in 2007 to turn Singapore into “Asia’s environment- conscious nation.” In 2009, in addition to attracting companies engaged in environmental and clean technologies, domestic and foreign, the Singaporean government began to support a variety of environmental projects at home and set up CleanTech Sector within the Economic Development Board in the manufacturing sector to address clean technologies, renewable energy and water/wastewater treatment. CleanTech is a strategic unit tasked with further promoting Singapore’s manufacturing sector. 8.2 The Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) established the Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) in 2008 to cooperate with solar cell companies operating in the country. The objective was to jointly develop high-efficiency solar cells, solar cell modules integrated with building materials, and technology for applications to buildings. 8.3 Demonstrating Evs in cooperation with private companies, the Singaporean government, moreover, launched an inter-ministerial working group and projects in an effort to develop Singapore into a demonstration hub for electric vehicles, attracting related technologies at home and from abroad. For starters, agreements were made with Nissan Motor and Renault for a three-year demonstration program (2010-2012). Mitsubishi Motors' electric vehicle, "i-MiEV," which hit the corporate vehicle market in Japan, would participate in the Singaporean government's demonstration program for electric vehicles; car dealers in Singapore would import "i-MiEV" for demonstration purposes. 8.4 With increased focus on the environment and clean technologies, the Singaporean government announced its overall plan for 2030 as part of its initiative to ensure Singapore’s sustainable development. Specifically, the Ministry of National Development, the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, the Economic Development Board and the Energy Market Authority jointly launched the Inter-Ministerial Committee for Sustainable Development (IMCSD) in January 2008 to work on this 2030 plan. The overall target was to reduce energy consumption

per GDP by 35% below 2005 levels in 2030. At the same time, solar cell systems, energy/water/power saving equipment and next- generation lighting systems would be installed in buildings to be renovated or constructed. The blueprint also aims to modernize and upgrade public transportation for promotion purposes and increase the recycling rate of waste materials. 8.5 A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) signed an agreement with the Rochester Institute of Technology on joint research on environment-friendly manufacturing and sustainable production systems. With focus on natural energy, fuel cells, waste recycling and green sustainable chains, they will join forces in developing new products and production models, taking into account their life cycles, from manufacturing to distribution, disposal and recycling. A*STAR appears poised to develop biodegradable materials from new raw materials. Efforts are also underway to develop urban distributed power sources, with applications to energy-saving buildings equipped with independent energy sources such as fuel cell systems in mind. 8.6 According to EDB, while Japanese LED lighting manufacturers and the Lite-On Group (a Taiwan-based conglomerate) have plants in Singapore, Japanese and other foreign companies specializing in LED lighting are encouraged to come for investment in Singapore. CCS Asia Pte Ltd. - a Singapore subsidiary of CCS Inc., which leads the world market for machine vision LED lighting, etc. - was also poised to tap Asia's LED lighting market with its unique line of products. In particular, LED lighting is gaining widespread use for store lighting, decoration and displays in Singapore. Traffic lights are also switching to LED, as are information display panels on highways, from electric bulbs to high-intensity red, green and white LEDs. 8.7 The Green Mark Scheme was launched in Singapore by the Building & Construction Authority (BCA) in 2009 to certify environment-friendly buildings (with energy-saving equipment, rooftop greening, etc.) that meet prescribed standards. A total of 11 buildings including those of Shangri-La Hotel Singapore and Furama RiverFront have employed the consulting services, some of which have contributed to reducing energy consumption by more than 20%. Some national parks’ facilities, roads and public buildings were coated with heat insulation paints to save energy and reduce energy consumption.

9. How good is the quality of urban 9.1 In a speech at Singapore Parliament by the Minister for National physical infrastructure? (7. Instrumental- Development [11 January 2010], “Singapore has a forward-looking and comprehensive land use planning system. Every 10 years, we material). review and formulate a Concept Plan to plan for and safeguard sufficient land to meet the future needs of our growing population and economy over a horizon of 40 to 50 years. This translates into the more detailed Master Plan that guides our land use over a horizon of 10 to 15 years. One of our key objectives in land use planning is to ensure that we can set aside sufficient land to meet housing needs as well as to offer a range of housing options to cater to Singaporeans with different income levels. As part of planning for a larger population, we will also provide land for sufficient supporting facilities and infrastructure such as healthcare facilities, schools, parks and transport infrastructure. For instance, we will create an additional 900 ha of parkland and triple our park connectors by 2020. Major improvements will also be made to our transportation network. LTA [Land Transport Authority] will build

new lines and extensions such as the Circle Line, Downtown Line and Tuas Extension, amongst others, which will increase our rail network from 148 km to 278 km by 2020. We will also plan for higher density housing and commercial uses around these transport nodes to provide greater connectivity to our population. We have recently embarked on the Concept Plan 2011 Review in July this year, and as part of the review, we will consult the public and seek their feedback on how we can optimise the use of our limited land and make Singapore our best home. When completed, the 2011 Concept Plan will contain plans and strategies for Singapore’s future development, and ensure that our future growth is economically, socially and environmentally sustainable.” 9.2 According to the Minister of National Development, “Few cities in the world have a holistic planning framework like ours... And because we planned ahead, we were able to attract foreign investments into the [Marina] Bay when the economy started to pick up and then when it boomed.” The Minister painted a picture of the 'new iconic signature skyline' emerging at Marina Bay. The double helix bridge, Art Park, Gardens by the Bay and new waterfront promenade will be progressively completed by 2011. Then, there are the Marina Bay Sands Integrated Resort and the first phase of Marina Bay Financial Centre, which will be operational by 2010. The government has invested nearly $5.7 billion in infrastructure works in Marina Bay so far and will continue to pump in more money to support its future growth and boost connectivity with the existing city. 9.3 Singapore Marina Barrage costs S$230 million and it took 3 years to complete the project. The Marina Barrage dams up Singapore's river mouth, forming a reservoir - the Marina Reservoir - , which has a catchment area, that is one-sixth the size of Singapore. The Marina Barrage showcases how Singapore manages its precious water resources. The Marina Reservoir contains mainly seawater. But when the monsoon rains come, the seawater will be flushed out through the gates into the sea, making it a freshwater reservoir. Pipes are constructed to take the water to the treatment plants where it will be purified before being pumped to homes. Crest gates were constructed at the Marina Barrage to help control flood. The gates actually block the seawater from going into the Marina Reservoir when there is flooding at the low-lying areas. 9.4 Designed by Australian architects Cox Group and engineers Arup Pte Ltd, together with Singapore-based Architects 61, Singapore uses the latest technology to construct the world’s first curved double helix bridge, which is a 280-metre pedestrian bridge linking Marina Centre to the Bayfront area. The construction is an engineering feat, which requires great precision in the fabrication, and assembly process that is possible only with today’s advanced technologies. Individual segments of the bridge are fabricated off- site, due to the sensitive nature of the special duplex stainless steel used, before they are delivered on-site for actual assembly. 9.5 Resorts World at Sentosa is a 49-hectare integrated leisure and gaming resort on Singapore’s holiday island of Sentosa, which will own and operate six hotels, a casino, Southeast Asia’s first and only Universal Studios Singapore, The Marine Life Park and the Maritime Experiential Museum. The Marina Bay Sands forms another important integrated leisure and gaming resort in Singapore at the Marina Bayfront. It is a complex with three hotel towers, a casino, an ArtScience museum, convention facilities and theatres. 9.6 Singapore also established OneNorth’s Fusionpolis and

Biopolis, where it houses the truly state-of-the-art in design, fusing software with hardware, and creating zones integrating the whole chain of R&D to lifestyle to techno-entrepreneurship.

st 10. How good is the city’s transportation 10.1 Singapore was ranked 1 in Mercer City Infrastructure Ranking and telecommunications connectivity? 2009, which includes the following criteria: electricity, water availability, telephone, mail, public transport, traffic congestion and

(7. Instrumental-intangible). airport. 10.2 In terms of quality of trade and transport related infrastructure (eg. Ports, railroads, roads, and information technology), Singapore scored the 3rd position, marginally behind Netherlands and Germany in World Bank’s International Logistics Index Ranking 2009. 10.3 In the Enabling Trade Index, the World Economic Forum (WEF) ranked Singapore the 1st country holding the best quality of air transport and sea port infrastructures and making its best services available. 10.4 Singapore was ranked the 4th in the WEF’s The Networked Readiness Index 2008–2009. 10.5 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP ranked Singapore the 1st for being the best city to manage successfully the road traffic congestion using the road-pricing scheme since 1975. The scheme was manually operated for 23 years before it was replaced with the Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) System in 1998 involving various technologies. Traffic volume into the central business district (CBD) had reduced 10-20% during the ERP operating hours. Additional measures were introduced to reduce traffic congestion. These included the better accessibility of public transport services; and the introduction of public bus lane scheme on roads. According to Singapore Land Transport Authority (LTA) survey in 2008, commuters were more satisfied with MRT services compared to bus services, with an overall satisfaction rating of 7.5 compared to 6.9 for buses.

C. HUMAN INDIVIDUAL, HUMAN COLLECTIVE AND INSTRUMENTAL K-CAPITALS. rd 11. How ‘youthful’ is the city (e.g., how 11.1 Singapore scored the 3 for having a low dependency ratio -- large is the demographic cohort of population aged below 15 and over 64 years old, divided by active population (15 to 64 years). people under the age of 25)? (5. Human 11.2 Singapore population age pyramid 2009. individual). st 12. How good are public health 12.1 Singapore was ranked the 1 for having ease access to standards? (6. Human collective). improved sanitation and drinking water. 12.2 Singapore was ranked globally the 4th in the Legatum Prosperity Index 2009 for having attained a high level of health service satisfaction and that the country has the lowest rate of infant mortality. 12.3 PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) ranked Singapore the 1st city group together with Tokyo, Paris and Frankfurt possessing excellent rates of infants surviving at least their first year. This data measures the effectiveness of health systems in reducing the burden of illness in a city. 12.4 Singapore was ranked the 4th in the World Factbook Country Comparison 2009 – Life Expectancy at Birth estimated at 81.98 years.

st 13. How equal are social and economic 13.1 Singapore was ranked 1 for scoring a strong labor market opportunities for individual citizens to flexibility Index on rigidity of employment (index 0-100) for the country. develop their full potential? (5. Human 13.2 “Singapore is a society which holds dear the ideal of

individual). meritocracy. In education and the workforce, equal opportunities exist for the best candidates, regardless of gender and race. In this regard, the percentage of female students who manage to secure the much sought-after places in Singapore’s universities and polytechnics has seen a steady increase from 42% in the 1990’s to the current [2008] 50%…5 years ago [2003], Singapore ratified a key International Labour Organization Convention – Convention 100 on Equal Remuneration to signify its commitment to equal pay for equal work…” reported by Ms Mary Wong of Permanent Mission of Singapore To The United Nations on 14 October 2008. 13.3 Both Singapore and Finland “offer comprehensive education for students. In Finland this is up to the age of sixteen. In Singapore, the Compulsory Education Act made it compulsory for all parents to enroll their children in school till they have completed primary education (twelve years old). These measures are likely contributors for the two countries relatively good reputation in the educational arena.” Commented Singapore Educational Consultants. 13.4 To help provide incentives for older low wage workers to find work and stay in work, while at the same time helping them to save for their longer term needs, Singapore government introduces Workfare Income Supplement Scheme (Workfare). Workfare also helps older low-wage workers to make up for the reductions in CPF contributions (a form of social security) by the employer. The reduction in employer CPF contributions was to help improve the employability of older low-wage workers. In the Singapore Budget 2010 on 22 February 2010, the Government announced the revisions to the Workfare Income Supplement (WIS) scheme and the introduction of the Workfare Training Scheme (WTS).

D. INSTRUMENTAL TANGIBLE-INTANGIBLE CAPITALS st 14. How robust is the governance and 14.1 Singapore scored the 1 for having a high adaptability of government policy to changes in the county and global environment. social organization structure? st 14.2 IMD ranked Singapore the 1 country where government decisions are effectively implemented. Although Singapore inherited the same British model of governance as other Commonwealth states, its governing system has become widely known for efficiency and competence, especially in terms of its role in generating an “economic miracle” and establishing a strong cohesive society. Singapore governance system has been consistently rated by Transparency International as one of the most politically transparent and least corrupt governments in the world, but is also often being criticized for excessive interference in social issues. Singapore is virtually free from external debt and thus free from such direct external pressure to introduce rapid socio economic transformation and make possible for its people the quality of life. 14.3 Singapore, Dubai and Hong Kong share the lowest levels of crime. The number of crimes in a city reflects personal safety. Severity of punishments, strength of law enforcement, cultural norms and social structures all play roles in the frequency of crime. 14.4 Singapore has socially developed five community self-help groups, which work very closely together to have a strong social cohesiveness. The five community self-help groups are: Mendaki, Association of Muslim Professionals (AMP), Singapore Indian Development Association (Sinda), Chinese Development Assistance Council (CDAC) and Eurasian Association (EA) The mission and role and the objectives of each of these self-help groups are very clear: they help the respective community for which

they are formed, so the CDAC for the Chinese community, Mendaki for the Malay/Muslim community, SINDA for the Indian and the EA for the Eurasian. 14.5 Singapore has long adopted the whole-of-government approach advocated by WHO for Healthy Cities. Government organisations across multiple sectors have embarked on “Healthy Cities” initiatives. The government has also forged a network of inter-sectoral collaborations with community organisations and partners such as the People’s Association, the five Community Development Councils, grassroots organisations, religious groups, voluntary welfare organisations and non-governmental organisations, to encourage its population to adopt a healthy lifestyle and to take responsibility for one’s own health. 14.6 Singapore’s Presidential Council for Minority Rights has its origins in 1965 after independence when a Constitutional Commission chaired by then Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin was set up to ensure that racial and religious harmony are safeguarded in the nation. 14.7 The Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act was passed by Parliament in November 1990 with the aim of maintaining religious harmony and ensuring that religion is not exploited for any political or subversive purpose in Singapore. The Act also provides for the establishment of a Presidential Council for Religious Harmony. Its role is to consider and report to the Minister of Home Affairs on matters affecting the maintenance of religious harmony in Singapore. It will also consider and make recommendations on the restraining orders referred to it by the Minister.

st 15. How good is the coverage and 15.1 Singapore was ranked the 1 in the international e-government quality of public information services ranking, the first time for an Asian country. 15.2 Singapore was ranked the 11th in UN’s e-Government (e.g., e-Government)? Development Index 2010. 15.3 For the first time in the Nokia Siemens Networks’ Connectivity Scorecard, Singapore was ranked the 9th in the table of innovation- driven economy rankings with a score of 5.99, which makes it the highest-scoring Asian nation, narrowly ahead of Japan (5.87). Using UN Human Development Index scoring method, Singapore was ranked the 7th in the 2009 Connectivity Scorecard with a score of 5.38.

16. How diverse and creative is the city’s 16.1 Singapore is a multi-religious country, the roots of which can cultural environment? be traced to its strategic location; after its declaration as a port, a wide variety of nationalities and ethnicities from places as far as Arabia immigrated to Singapore. The culture of Singapore is a blend and mix of cultures brought by various immigrants, such as Chinese, Malay, Indian and European immigrants. It is generally considered to be a blend of Asian and Western culture, with globalization continuously transforming the culture of the country. Racial harmony is an important concept in Singaporean society. Singaporean cuisine is also a prime example of diversity and cultural diffusion in Singapore. Four ‘official’ languages are enshrined in Singapore’s constitution: English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil. 16.2 In Singapore, the Creative Industries are defined as “industries which are inspired by cultural and artistic creativity and have the potential to create economic value through the generation and exploitation of intellectual property”. Singapore government is spearheading the Creative Industries Development Strategy (CIDS)

to contribute towards economic growth for the county. The creative industries also have a powerful, indirect impact on the rest of Singapore economy – by adding style, aesthetics and freshness to differentiate products and services, to improve the quality of life and make Singapore more vibrant by stimulating awareness and demand for the arts, design and media products and services. 16.3 Singapore government launched the third phase of the Renaissance City Plan – Singapore’s arts and cultural master plan for 2008 to 2015, to envision Singapore in 2015 as the ‘Best Home for Singaporeans’ and a global city for Talent. The master plan will develop strong cultural institutions that are centres of creation, research and exchange in Asian arts and heritage. It also develops unique cultural destinations that appeal to Singaporeans as well as visitors to the country.

nd 17. How good is the city’s collective 17.1 Singapore scored the 2 [to Finland] in having a strong capacity to foster economic and adaptability of various social, political and economic institutions to change, and to encourage more and more people to engage in political innovation? innovative thinking and experimentation with new ideas. 17.2 Singapore scored the 7th in the human capacity input pillar [sub-index] to INSEAD Global Innovation Index as compared to Finland on the 13th position. It is imperative to have good-quality institutions of higher learning and R&D centres. A static and stagnant education system cannot nurture innovation. The lead of the US in the human capacity pillar is strengthened by the presence of a large number of top-quality research universities to foster economic and political innovation. 17.3 IMD ranked Singapore the 1st country with its citizens well understanding the need for economic and social reforms. 17.4 Singapore scored the 2nd for having developed a value system that drives its society to support competitiveness, and thus, raising the tolerance level of its people in accommodating differences, and embrancing changes and innovation. 17.5 Singapore scored the 1st for having a high adaptability of government policy to changes in the county and global environment. 17.6 Singapore scored the 2nd in ensuring that environmental laws and compliance do not hinder the competitiveness of businesses in the country. 17.7 Singapore was ranked the 1st for having scored a higher education achievement percentage of its population that has attained at least tertiary education for persons aged 25-34.

Please feel free to include additional information (as many pages as you like) to support each of your nominee cities, especially if relevant to IC/KBD/KBUD schemes.

Feel free to send your MAKCi Nomination Form to [email protected]. Alternatively, please use the Upload tool in the MAKCi Platform (http://www.worldcapitalinstitute.org/makciplatform) any time of the MAKCi year.

Note & Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore 1.1 Wikipedia Singapore

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore 1.2 Wikipedia Singapore

The rankings are based on the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), which measures the different regulatory and business-related issues that have been WEF Travel & Tourism identified as levers for improving travel and tourism competitiveness in countries Competitiveness around the world. Singapore was ranked the 10th among Switzerland(1), Austria(2), Report 2009 Germany(3), France(4), Canada(5), Spain(6), Sweden(7), US(8), and Australia(9). http://www.weforum.org/pdf/TTCR09/TTCR09_FullReport.pdf (pg. 329) 1.3 The IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY) is the leading annual report on the competitiveness of nations and has been published by IMD since 1989.The yearbook IMD World benchmarks the performance of 57 countries (Kazakhstan and Qatar are new in 2009) Competitiveness based on 329 criteria measuring different facets of competitiveness. Yearbook 2009 http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/wcy_book.cfm

Wikipedia Culture of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Singapore Singapore Speech By Singapore Ambassador To France, His Excellency Burhan Gafoor At 1.4 Medef Unversite Debate At L’ecole Polytechnique, 28 August 2008 Speech By Singapore http://app.mfa.gov.sg/data/paris/statements/REMARKS_FOR_MEDEF_28_Aug_08.ht Ambassador to France ml

FutureBrand 2009 Country Brand Index http://www.futurebrand.com/cbi/rankings/

Glotzer, Melissa. (2009). Singapore is a Leading Country Brand With Significant Potential. Retrieved 22 February 2010 from: http://www.sooperarticles.com/business- FutureBrand 2009 articles/entrepreneurship-articles/singapore-leading-country-brand-significant- 1.5 Country Brand Index potential-25668.html (CBI)

Lim, Kenny. (2009, Nov6). Singapore climbs country brand rankings. Retrieved 22 February 2010 from: http://www.media.asia/newsarticle/2009_11/Singapore-climbs- country-brand-rankings/37793

Anholt-Gfk Roper City Brand Index(CBI) index measures the world’s perception of each city, which influences people’s choices on where to live, work and vacation. The index is based on a global survey in which respondents from across 20 major developed and developing countries are asked to rate their agreement with statements about each of 50 cities. The ranking is developed by averaging city scores across the index’s six categories: Presence (knowledge of city and perception of its Anholt-Gfk Roper City global contribution), Place (cleanliness, aesthetic qualities and climate), Pre-requisites 1.6 Brand Index(CBI) (affordable accommodations and quality of public amenities), People (friendliness, 2008 personal encounters and cultural diversity), Pulse (interesting events, activities and lifestyles) and Potential (perception as good place to do business, to find a job and to go to school). http://www.business.nsw.gov.au/PDF/lifestyle-E3_citybrandsindex.pdf http://www.brandscapeafrica.org/index.php/resources/doc_download/74-anholt-gfk- nation-brands-index-2009.html

The rankings are calculated from both publicly available data and the Executive World Economic Opinion Survey, a comprehensive annual survey conducted by the World Economic Forum The Global Forum together with its network of Partner Institutes (leading research institutes and 2.1 Competitiveness business organizations) in the countries covered by the Report. Report (2009-2010) http://www.weforum.org/documents/GCR09/index.html

2009 comparison between FutureBrand Tourism Brand Composite and Country Position by international tourism receipts. Singapore is ranked the 6th in the 2.2 Cultural Realms 2009 FutureBrand Tourism Brand Composite. http://culturalrealms.typepad.com/.a/6a00e553ae619b8834012875ce0908970c-popup

2009 comparison between UNWTO data on international tourism arrivals and the Top 10 Countries in the Country Brand Index by Tourism Brand Dimension. Singapore is ranked the 6th in the Tourism Brand Dimension http://culturalrealms.typepad.com/.a/6a00e553ae619b8834012875ce0868970c-popup

Culturalrealms.com (2009). Country Branding and Tourism – Country Branding From A Global Cultural Tourism Perspective. http://www.culturalrealms.com/country-branding-and-tourism.html

The Index is published by Prof. Dr. Jan-Egbert Sturm, Head of KOF Swiss Economic Institute. The Project Leader is Prof. Dr. Axel Dreher. The KOF Index of Globalization measures the three main dimensions of globalization: (1) Economic, (2) Social, and (3) Political. In addition to three indices measuring these dimensions, KOF calculates an overall index of globalization and sub-indices referring to: (4) actual economic flows, (5) economic restrictions, (6) data on information flows, (7) data on personal contact, 2010 KOF Economic 2.4 and (8) data on cultural proximity. Globalization

2010 KOF Index of Globalization: Definitions and Sources http://globalization.kof.ethz.ch/static/pdf/definitions_2010.pdf , http://globalization.kof.ethz.ch/

The Economic incentives and Institutional regime is the simple average of the 2009 World Bank KEI normalized scores on three key variables: Tariff & Non-Tariff barriers, Regulatory 2.5 Economic Incentive Quality, and Rule of Law. Regime http://info.worldbank.org/etools/kam2/KAM_page5.asp

2.6 The IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY) is the leading annual report on the competitiveness of nations and has been published by IMD since 1989.The yearbook 2.7 IMD World benchmarks the performance of 57 countries (Kazakhstan and Qatar are new in 2009) Competitiveness based on 329 criteria measuring different facets of competitiveness. Yearbook 2009 2.8 http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/wcy_book.cfm

PA to reinvigorate mission of social cohesion in Singapore. (2010, Jan 27). Retrieved Singapore People’s 22 February 2010 from: http://www.938live.sg/News/Singapore/EDC100127- 3.1 Association 0000432/PA_to_reinvigorate_mission_of_social_cohesion_in_Singapore

Report of the Singapore’s Economic Strategies Committee Report 2010 3.2 Economic Strategies http://www.esc.gov.sg/attactments/ESC%20Main%20Report.pdf Committee 2010 Towards an Advanced Economy: Superior Skills, Quality Jobs, Higher Incomes. Singapore Budget Retrieved 24 February 2010 from: 3.3 2010 http://app.singaporebudget.gov.sg/budget_2010/default.aspx

Speech By Singapore Ambassador To France, His Excellency Burhan Gafoor At Medef Unversite Debate At L’ecole Polytechnique, 28 August 2008 Speech By Singapore 4.1 http://app.mfa.gov.sg/data/paris/statements/REMARKS_FOR_MEDEF_28_Aug_08.ht Ambassador to France ml

4.2 The IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY) is the leading annual report on the competitiveness of nations and has been published by IMD since 1989.The yearbook 4.3 IMD World benchmarks the performance of 57 countries (Kazakhstan and Qatar are new in 2009) Competitiveness based on 329 criteria measuring different facets of competitiveness. Yearbook 2009 4.4 http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/wcy_book.cfm

The 2009 Legatum Prosperity Index – Country profile – Singapore The Legatum http://www.prosperity.com/country.aspx?id=SN 4.5 Prosperity Index 2009

What direction will cities go in years to come? What key ingredients will be required to PricewaterhouseCoop keep them strong? Which cities are actually doing things correctly, and what can be ers (PwC) Global 5.1 learned? PwC and the Partnership joined to answer these questions. cities of opportunity http://www.pwc.com/us/en/cities-of-opportunity/index.jhtml 2008 December

The Global Enabling Trade Report 2009. (2009, July 7). The Report presents the rankings of the updated Enabling Trade Index (ETI), developed by the World Economic Forum in collaboration with international trade experts and leaders from the WEF’s the Enabling logistics and transport industry. It is a comprehensive index intended to capture the full 5.2 Trade Index range of issues that contribute to impeding trade, ranking nations according to factors that facilitate the free flow of goods across national borders and to destination. http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/GlobalEnablingTradeReport/index.htm

Preview of the 5.3 November APEC http://www.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2009/11/131362.htm Meetings in Singapore Chairman’s Statement of the 3rd East Asia 5.4 http://www.aseansec.org/21127.htm Summit Singapore, 21 November 2007 By 2015, the entire South East Asia would be one ASEAN community fully aware of its ties of history, deeply conscious of its cultural legacy and bound by a common regional All About ASEAN 5.5 identity. COCI http://www.asean-infoculture.org/

-Singapore Institute of International Affairs honoured to be ٛ ecognized as top 15 think tank in Asia. (2010, January 21). Singapore Institute of http://www.siiaonline.org/?q=category/featured/singapore-institute-international-affairs- 5.6 International Affairs honoured-be-recognised-top-15-think-tank

The Middle East Institute (MEI) of NUS. Singapore Academic http://www.mei.nus.edu.sg/about_us.html and Research 5.7 Institutions on regional The Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore. interests http://www.iseas.edu.sg/nsc/about_us.htm

Singapore pips London as No.2 financial hub. (2009, Oct 31). The Malaysian Insider. Retrieved February 19, 2010 from: http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/business/41939-singapore-pips- The Malaysian Insider london-as-no-2-financial-hub- 6.1 & Business Times

Singapore Leading the way. (2009, Nov 9). Business Times Singapore. Retrieved February 19, 2010 from Factiva database.

The world’s largest economies took the biggest hit in the World Economic Forum’s second annual Financial Development Report. Global financial centres still lead in the report’s Index, but the effects of financial instability have pulled down their scores compared to last year. The United Kingdom, buoyed by the relative strength of its banking and non-banking financial activities, claimed the Index’s top spot from the US, which slipped to third position behind Australia largely due to poorer financial stability scores and a weakened banking sector. Singapore was ranked the 4th in the Index. WEF’s Financial

6.2 Development Report The Report ranks 55 of the world’s leading financial systems and capital markets. It 2009 in Details analyses the drivers of financial system development and economic growth in developed and developing countries to serve as a tool for countries to benchmark themselves and establish priorities for reform.

Country/Economy Profiles – Singapore http://www.weforum.org/pdf/FinancialDevelopmentReport/Report2009.pdf (Pg. 217)

7.1 Wikipedia – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Singapore 7.2 Geography of 7.3 Singapore

7.4 8.1 Building Asia’s Model Environment-conscious Nation. (2009, December 28). Japan Chemical Web. Retrieved 20 February 2010 from Factiva database. 8.2 Japan Chemical Web

8.3 – Singapore Feature

8.4 Sustainable Singapore – A lively and liveable city. The Inter-Ministerial Committee for Sustainable Singapore 8.5 Sustainable Development Unveils Blueprint for a Sustainable Singapore. Development Blueprint 8.6 http://app.mewr.gov.sg/web/contents/ContentsSSS.aspx?ContId=1307 8.7 Oral Answer by Ministry of National Development on infrastructure and land Singapore development. (10 January 2010). 9.1 Parliamentary Q&A http://www.mnd.gov.sg/newsroom/parliament/2010/parliament_2010_11012010.htm

Rashiwala, Kalpana. (18 April 2009). New round of reviews begins this year on 9.2 Singapore New Iconic blueprint for Singapore’s long-term physical development. Business Times Singapore. 9.3 Downtown [Marina Retrieved 23 February 2010 from: Bay] Key Projects http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=236570&page=13 9.4 lineup

Resorts World at Sentosa http://www.rwsentosa.com/ Integrated Resorts 9.5 (IR) The Marina Bay Sands http://www.marinabaysands.com/en/index.html

Singapore OneNorth 9.6 Fusionpolis and http://www.one-north.sg/index.aspx# Biopolis According to Mercer, infrastructure has a significant effect on the quality of living experienced by expatriates. Whilst often taken for granted when functioning to a high standard, a city’s infrastructure can generate severe hardship when it is lacking. Companies need to provide adequate allowances to compensate their international Mercer Quality of workers for these and other hardships. 10.1 Living global city rankings 2009 Singapore is at the top of Mercer City Infrastructure Index (score 109.1) followed by Munich in second place and Copenhagen in third. Japanese cities Tsukuba (4) and Yokohama (5) fill the next two slots, whilst Dusseldorf and Vancouver share sixth place. Baghdad ranks at the bottom of the table with a score of only 19.6. http://www.mercer.com/referencecontent.htm?idContent=1173105 The quality of trade and transport related infrastructure (eg. Ports, railroads, roads, World Bank’s and information technology) form the sub-index of Infrastructure that contributes the 10.2 International Logistics make-up of World Bank’s International Logistics Index where Singapore was ranked Index Ranking 2009 the 2nd position, marginally second only to Germany. http://info.worldbank.org/etools/tradesurvey/mode1b.asp?cgroup=0&sorder=lpirank The Global Enabling Trade Report 2009. (2009, July 7). The Report presents the rankings of the updated Enabling Trade Index (ETI), developed by the World Economic Forum in collaboration with international trade experts and leaders from the logistics and transport industry. It is a comprehensive index intended to capture the full range of issues that contribute to impeding trade, ranking nations according to factors WEF’s the Enabling 10.3 that facilitate the free flow of goods across national borders and to destination. Trade Index in Detail

Country/Economy Profiles – Singapore http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/GlobalEnablingTradeReport/index.htm (Pg. 297)

WEF’s Networked 10.4 Readiness Index http://www.weforum.org/pdf/gitr/2009/Rankings.pdf 2008–2009 What direction will cities go in years to come? What key ingredients will be required to PricewaterhouseCoop keep them strong? Which cities are actually doing things correctly, and what can be ers (PwC) Global 10.5 learned? PwC and the Partnership joined to answer these questions. cities of opportunity http://www.pwc.com/us/en/cities-of-opportunity/index.jhtml (Pg. 27) 2008 December

Chin, Kian-Keong. (2009 December). The Singapore experience: The evolution of OECD & International technologies, cost and benefits, and lessons learnt. Discussion Paper No. 2010-1, Transport Forum – prepared for the ITF/OECD Round Table of 4-5 February 2010 on Implementing Joint Transport Congestion Charging. Retrieved 24 February 2010 from: Research Centre http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/DiscussionPapers/DP201001.pdf

Singapore Public Transport Customer News Release: More Commuters Satisfied With Public Transport Services Satisfaction Survey http://www.lta.gov.sg/corp_info/index_corp_press.htm 2008 The IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY) is the leading annual report on the competitiveness of nations and has been published by IMD since 1989.The yearbook IMD World benchmarks the performance of 57 countries (Kazakhstan and Qatar are new in 2009) 11.1 Competitiveness based on 329 criteria measuring different facets of competitiveness. Yearbook 2009 http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/wcy_book.cfm

The Singapore Department of Statistics is the National Statistical Authority responsible for statistics on the Singapore economy and population. It is designated as the National Statistical Coordinator under the Statistics Act. Singapore Department

11.2 of Statistics Singapore population age pyramid. (2009). http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/charts/popn-area.html#popnB

The rankings are based on the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), which measures the different regulatory and business-related issues that have been identified as levers for improving travel and tourism competitiveness in countries WEF Travel & Tourism st around the world. Singapore was ranked the 1 in having best access to improved 12.1 Competitiveness sanitation and drinking water. Report 2009 http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/TravelandTourismReport/index.htm (Pg. 415-416)

“Whilst the levels of medical professionals and hospital beds per 1,000 people are near the global averages, Singaporeans enjoy excellent levels of health. With a health-adjusted life expectancy of 70 years, Singapore ranks within the top 20 in the Index on this variable. Furthermore, just 11% of the population reported health problems, the lowest rate, worldwide. All of the population have access to good sanitation facilities and 93% of the population report being satisfied with the water Legatum Prosperity quality.* More than eight out of 10 describe themselves as well rested, and a low 12.2 Index 2009 proportion, only 18%, reported experiencing pain the previous day.* Singapore has the fifth highest proportion of respondents, 92%, who describe themselves as being in good health.* At only two deaths per 1,000 births, Singapore also has the lowest incidence of infant mortality in the world.”

The 2009 Legatum Prosperity Index – Singapore country profile http://www.prosperity.com/country.aspx?id=SN

What direction will cities go in years to come? What key ingredients will be required to PricewaterhouseCoop keep them strong? Which cities are actually doing things correctly, and what can be ers (PwC) Global 12.3 learned? PwC and the Partnership joined to answer these questions. cities of opportunity http://www.pwc.com/us/en/cities-of-opportunity/index.jhtml 2008 December

World Factbook Country Comparison 2009 – Life Expectancy at Birth. 12.4 World Factbook 2009 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html

The IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY) is the leading annual report on the competitiveness of nations and has been published by IMD since 1989.The yearbook IMD World benchmarks the performance of 57 countries (Kazakhstan and Qatar are new in 2009) 13.1 Competitiveness based on 329 criteria measuring different facets of competitiveness. Yearbook 2009 http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/wcy_book.cfm

Statement by Ms Mary Wong, Delegate to the 63rd Session of The United Nations Permanent Mission of General Assembly on Agenda Item 56, on the Advancement of Women, Third 13.2 Singapore To The th Committee, 14 October 2008. United Nations. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/documents/ga63/sing.pdf

Education in Singapore and Finland: a comparison in 5 Parts. (2009, Sept 13). Singapore Educational http://educononline.com/2009/09/11/education-in-singapore-and-finland-a- 13.3 Consultants comparison-part-1/

Workfare Income 13.4 http://mycpf.cpf.gov.sg/Members/Gen-Info/WIS/WIS_Scheme.htm Supplement Scheme 14.1 The IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY) is the leading annual report on the competitiveness of nations and has been published by IMD since 1989.The yearbook IMD World benchmarks the performance of 57 countries (Kazakhstan and Qatar are new in 2009) Competitiveness based on 329 criteria measuring different facets of competitiveness. Yearbook 2009 http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/wcy_book.cfm 14.2 Venu Menon, Sudha. (2007, Aug 28). Governance, leadership and economic growth Munich Personal in Singapore. MPRA Paper No. 4741, posted 07. November 2007. Retrieved 23 RePEc Archive February 2010 from: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4741/1/MPRA_paper_4741.pdf

What direction will cities go in years to come? What key ingredients will be required to PricewaterhouseCoop keep them strong? Which cities are actually doing things correctly, and what can be ers (PwC) Global 14.3 learned? PwC and the Partnership joined to answer these questions. cities of opportunity http://www.pwc.com/us/en/cities-of-opportunity/index.jhtml 2008 December

Ng, Esther. (2010, Jan 18). No merger of ethnic self-help groups here. TODAYonline. Retrieved 23 February 2010 from: Singapore Community 14.4 http://www.todayonline.com/Singapore/EDC100118-0000033/No-merger-of-ethnic- Self-Help Groups self-help-groups-here

Singapore Promotes WHO “Healthy Cities” Hawazi Daipi. (2008 June 23). Healthy Cities For A Sustainable Future. Retrieved 24 14.5 initiatives via social February 2010 from: http://www.moh.gov.sg/mohcorp/speeches.aspx?id=19346 structured groups Tan, Yee Lin. (2009 Oct 31). The Presidential Council for Minority Rights. Singapore Singapore’s Infopedia, National Library Board. Retrieved 24 February 2010 from: 14.6 Presidential Council http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1605_2009-10-31.html for Minority Rights

Singapore’s Lim, Jean. (2010, Jan 31). Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act. Singapore Maintenance of 14.7 Infopedia, National Library Board. Retrieved 24 February 2010 from: Religious Harmony http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1638_2010-01-31.html Act The Waseda University Institute of e-Government has released the 2009 Waseda 2009 Waseda University International e-Government Ranking, marking its fifth consecutive year of University monitoring the development of e-Government worldwide. 15.1 International e- http://www.giti.waseda.ac.jp/GITS/news/download/e- Government Ranking Government_Ranking2009_en.pdf

The 2010 United Nations e-Government Survey: Leveraging e-government at a time of financial and economic crisis was completed in December 2009 and launched in early 2010. The report presented various roles for e-government in addressing the ongoing world financial and economic crisis. The public trust that is gained through transparency can be further enhanced through the free sharing of government data based on open standards. The ability of e-government to handle speed and complexity can also underpin regulatory reform. While technology is no substitute for good policy, it may give citizens the power to question the actions of regulators and United Nation e- bring systemic issues to the fore. Similarly, e-government can add agility to public Government service delivery to help governments respond to an expanded set of demands even as 15.2 Development Index revenues fall short. Since the last edition of the survey, in 2008, governments have 2010 made great strides in development of online services, especially in middle-income countries. The costs associated with telecommunication infrastructure and human capital continues to impede e-government development. However, effective strategies and legal frameworks can compensate significantly, even in least developed countries. Those who are able to harness the potential of expanded broadband access in developed regions and mobile cellular networks in developing countries to advance the UN development agenda have much to gain going forward. http://www2.unpan.org/egovkb/documents/2010/E- governmentDevelopmentIndex_2010.xls

Connectivity Scorecard 2010 highlights the continued need for investment in information and communications technology (ICT) to stimulate a return to economic growth. Connectivity Scorecard is a global ICT index – the first of its kind to rank 50 countries not only on their deployment of ICT infrastructure but also to measure the Nokia Siemens extent to which governments, businesses and consumers make use of connectivity 15.3 Networks’ Connectivity technologies to enhance social and economic prosperity, so called “useful Scorecard 2010 connectivity” http://www.connectivityscorecard.org/ http://www.connectivityscorecard.org/countries/singapore

Wikipedia Culture of 16.1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Singapore Singapore Singapore, Ministry of Information, Creative Industries 16.2 Communications and http://app.mica.gov.sg/Default.aspx?tabid=66 the Arts (MICA) Singapore, Ministry of Renaissance City Plan III Public Report Unveils Details of Singapore’s Arts and Information, Cultural Master Plan for 2008 – 2015. 16.3 Communications and http://app.mica.gov.sg/Default.aspx?tabid=36&ctl=Details&mid=539&ItemID=931 the Arts (MICA) According to INSEAD, “the Institutions [& Policies] pillar reviews a country’s overall political stability, effectiveness of its government to implement laws, manage regulations, and respond to citizens’ concerns. The institutional framework in a country can make or break innovation. While a certain level of regulation is required for the functioning of the economy, if mismanaged, it acts as a deterrent to innovation and innovators. The adaptability of various social, political and economic institutions of a country to change can also make a difference in the way innovation is absorbed there. Policy-making must allow for risk-taking and be amenable to entrepreneurial failures. That’s the only way to encourage more and more people to engage in innovative thinking and experimentation with new ideas. Governments which enact and enforce fair and open procedures, protect real and intellectual property rights, regulate markets efficiently, and lower the burden of regulations are more likely to see higher levels of innovative entrepreneurial activity. Since the new millennium reform efforts have been underway to create more market-friendly economies, stimulated in many instances by INSEAD Global joining the World Trade Organization, or signing international intellectual property Innovation Index treaties and other trade agreements.” 17.1 2008-2009. Input Pillar

of Institutions & “It is significant that eight out of the top 10 countries in the rankings in this pillar are Policies from Europe. Singapore (2nd) from the Asian region and Canada (10th) are two other countries in the top ranking. Their high rankings are a remarkable testimony to the leadership and phenomenal development of the three Nordic countries of Finland (1st), Denmark (3rd) and Sweden (5th), which have consistently done well in the development of institutions and policies that nurture innovation. Finland, for example, has put most of the ingredients of a futuristic networked society in place by focusing on innovation, education and IT. Unlike the rest of Europe, it scores very highly on human capacity and on institutions and policies. Finland was also the first country in the world to conceive of the idea of a national innovation system to feed into policy formulation. Leadership comes from the very top. Finland’s investment in R&D, at 3.4% of GDP, is one of the highest in the world.”

http://www.insead.edu/facultyresearch/centres/elab/gii/launch.cfm

“Human resources of a country are a significant factor in the development of new ideas. That cannot flourish without adequate investment in the education system. It’s therefore imperative to have good-quality institutions of higher learning and R&D centres. This includes good schools and universities. A static, stagnant education INSEAD Global system cannot nurture innovation. Innovation can happen only in an environment Innovation Index where one is encouraged to ask critical questions. Education cannot remain just a 17.2 2008-2009. Input Pillar breeding ground for information gathering. It’s far more crucial to see what one does of Human Capacity with the information garnered in school than to see how much of it is remembered. This is the fundamental truth and the sooner education systems around the world ”.ٛ ealize it, the better

“A leading concern of business executives is finding and employing qualified

personnel to create, supervise and perform innovative activities. An increasingly complex technological world requires both higher levels of education and greater specialization. This is a critical issue for all countries and is difficult for even the most innovative economies. The lead of the US in the human capacity pillar is strengthened by the presence of a large number of top-quality research universities. The country continues to be a magnet for attracting top talent – many of whom stay back in the country beyond their education to become researchers, professors and highly qualified workers in US industry. The success of innovative clusters such as Silicon Valley and Boston is due in large part to the success of these regions in attracting and retaining some of the best minds of the world.”

http://www.insead.edu/facultyresearch/centres/elab/gii/launch.cfm

17.3 The IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY) is the leading annual report on the competitiveness of nations and has been published by IMD since 1989.The yearbook 17.4 IMD World benchmarks the performance of 57 countries (Kazakhstan and Qatar are new in 2009) 17.5 Competitiveness based on 329 criteria measuring different facets of competitiveness. Yearbook 2009 17.6 http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/wcy_book.cfm 17.7