Baseline Survey
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BASELINE SURVEY: AREA, PRODUCTION, SALE PRICE, AND VALUE OF PRODUCE FOR MILLETS ACROSS BLOCKS 2016-17, Phase 1 (Special Programme for Promotion of Millets in Tribal Areas of Odisha or Odisha Millets Mission, OMM) Nabakrushna Choudhury Centre for Development Studies, Bhubaneswar, Odisha (an ICSSR Institute in Collaboration with Government of Odisha) 2019 Citation: NCDS, "Baseline Survey: Area, Production, Sale Price, and Value of Produce for Millets across Blocks 2016-17, Phase-1 (Special Programme for Promotion of Millets in Tribal Areas of Odisha or Odisha Millets Mission, OMM)," Nabakrushna Choudhury Centre for Development Studies, Bhubaneswar, August 2019. Copyright: © Nabakrushna Choudhury Centre for Development Studies (NCDS) STUDY TEAM Project Coordinators Dr. Chita Ranjan Das Dr. Biswabas Patra Research Assistant Mr. Arakshit Patra Computer Operator Mr. Bikash Pradhan Post-Doctoral Fellow Dr. Narayani Rajashree Kanungo PhD Scholars Ms. Diptimayee Jena Ms. Rashmi Rekha Samal Principal Investigator Professor Srijit Mishra FOREWORD The seeds for the "Special Programme for Promotion of Millets in Tribal areas of Odisha" (or, Odisha Millets Mission, OMM) were sown at a consultation meeting held on 27 January 2016 at Nabakrushna Choudhury Centre for Development Studies (NCDS) under the Chairmanship of the then Development Commissioner-cum-Additional Chief Secretary (DC- cum-ACS), Government of Odisha, and Chairperson, NCDS, Mr. R. Balakrishnan. The consultation meeting had representatives from different line departments of the Government of Odisha, members of different civil society groups from across the country and from within the state (which, among others, included the Alliance for Sustainable and Holistic Agriculture (ASHA), the Millets Network of India (MINI) the Revitalizing Rainfed Agriculture (RRA) Network of India that brought in their experiences, and the academia that included among others Dr. T. Prakash, Chairperson, Karnataka Agricultural Price Commission. As per the decision taken at the consultation meeting, NCDS submitted a proposal to the Government of Odisha on the revival of millets. Lo and behold, there was an announcement in the budget speech of 18 March 2016 conveying that the Government of Odisha intends to revive millets. This led to a series of interactions and a memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed on 27 February 2017 between the Directorate of Agriculture and Food Production (DAFP) as the state level nodal agency that would monitor and implement the programme, NCDS as the state secretariat that would also anchor the research secretariat, and Watershed Support Services and Activities Network (WASSAN) that would anchor the programme secretariat as part of the state secretariat. It was in 2017-18 that budget was apportioned and after the selection of facilitating agencies, the programme was implemented in kharif 2017 in 27 of the 30 blocks that were selected to be part of OMM. To help us better assess OMM, the baseline scenario of 2016-17, that is, prior to intervention in kharif 2017 is important. After obtaining a list of farmers that were growing millets, as part of the programme in kharif 2017, a survey design was firmed up, and a baseline survey was conducted among 7000+ households during October/November of 2017. The information collected from these households in 27 blocks spread across seven districts with the help of 46 field investigators (Annexure 1). The survey also benefitted from interaction with and facilitation by government officials at the state as also district level (Annexure 2), the staff of the programme secretariat (Annexure 3), and the facilitating agencies as also their associated community based organisations (Annexure 4). v Based on the information collected during the baseline survey, the current report is that of area, production, sale price and value of produce. As Principal Investigator, I compliment all the members of the team for taking up this arduous work and in bringing the results into completion. The results from the baseline survey and the provisional outcome from kharif 2017 has been encouraging. Production, yield and returns from millets have more than doubled in areas under OMM. It is this and a demand from the communities that led the government to increase the scope of OMM from 30 blocks in 2017-18 to 55 blocks (an addition of 25 blocks in the second phase) in 2018-19 and will have 72 blocks (a further addition of another 17 blocks in the third phase) in 2019-20. It is for this that the seven district-specific baseline survey reports, an aggregate state-level report and other related reports are being referred to as first phase baseline reports. Concurrently, the scope of OMM has also led to convergence with other departments. Some of these being the involvement of women self-help groups (SHGs) in putting up a stall of Mandia Café at the Hockey World Cup 2018, the procurement of ragi (finger millets) in kharif 2018, the plans to pilot millet meals and provide millet ladoos in Aanganwadis in 2019. There has been interest in OMM from the central as also other state governments. OMM has also raised curiosity among scholars within the country as also abroad. And, so they say, the proof of OMM is in its reverberation. Srijit Mishra Principal Investigator vi CONTENTS Foreword v Map of Odisha with First Phase Districts and Blocks under Odisha Millets Mission vii Context 1 Table 1 Quantity Sold, Value of Sale and Sale Price per Quintal for Millets across Blocks, 2016-17 2 (a) Mandia and Suan 2 (b) Janha anf Kangu 3 (c) Kodo 4 Table 2 Area Production, Yield and Value of Produce for Millets across Blocks, 2016-17 5 (a) Mandia 5 (b) Suan 6 (c) Janha 7 (d) Kangu 8 (e) Kodo 9 (f) All Millets 10 Annexure 1 11 Annexure 2 12 Annexure 3 15 Annexure 4 16 Annexure 5 17 vii MAP OF ODISHA WITH FIRST PHASE DISTRICTS AND BLOCKS UNDER ODISHA MILLETS MISSION Source: Odisha Millets Mission viii CONTEXT The "Special Programme for Promotion of Millets in Tribal areas of Odisha" (or, Odisha Millets Mission, OMM) is unique because of the coming together of the government, civil society and academia from day one and in all subsequent stages, that is, from consultation, to designing, to planning, to implementation, and to monitoring and evaluation. After the implementation of the programme in kharif 2017 in 27 blocks across seven districts (see Map of Odisha with first phase districts), one of the activities of academia at NCDS was to conduct the baseline survey. This was conducted in October/November of 2017 for 7000+ households collecting information for the year 2016-17, that is, prior to the introduction of the programme. Independent baseline survey reports for each of the seven districts has been prepared (Annexure 5) and one for the entire state is under preparation. In addition to these, the current report is on area, production, sale price and value of produce for five millet crops - mandia (ragi, finger millet), suan (little millet), janha (jowar, sorghum), kangu (foxtail millet), and kodo (kodo millet). In particular, the current report has two broad tables. Table 1 provides block-specific, crop-specific details of number of households who sold the crop (Ns), quantity of crop sold in quintals (Qs in qtl), value of crop sold in rupees (Vs in ₹ ), and sale price of crop per quintal sold (₹ /qtl). If a particular crop has no sale price for a block then the district sale price may be used for that crop for the block, and if there is no sale price for the district then the all districts sale price may be used for that crop for the block. It is the block-specific, and crop- specific prices that will be useful to compute gross value of produce for the baseline year and also for subsequent years as constant prices to compare in real terms. Table 2 provides block-specific, crop-specific information on number of households who produced the crop (Np), area under the crop in hectares (ha), area under the crop in hectares per household who produced that crop (ha/Np), quantity produced in quintal (Qp in qtl), quantity produced or yield per hectare (qtl/ha), quantity produced per household who produced the crop (qtl/Np), gross value of produce in rupees (Vp in ₹ ), gross value of produce per household who produced that crop (₹ /Np), and gross value of produce per hectare under the crop (₹ /ha). In case of all millets, aggregation across millets is as appropriate. For instance, the number of households who produced the crop is counted as one for a household producing multiple crops. Whereas area, quantity, and value of produce is the sum of the value of produce across all crops. 1 TABLE 1 QUANTITY SOLD, VALUE OF SALE AND SALE PRICE PER QUINTAL FOR MILLETS ACROSS BLOCKS, 2016-17 (a) Mandia and Suan District Block Mandia Suan Ns Qs in qtl Vs in ₹ ₹ /qtl Ns Qs in qtl Vs in ₹ ₹ /qtl Gumma 18 13.10 20934 1598 - - - - Mohana 18 20.75 36597 1764 3 0.60 840 1400 Gajapati Rayagada 61 117.43 215061 1831 - - - - R.Udaygiri 511 869.15 1490940 1715 - - - - Total 608 1020.43 1764725 1729 3 0.60 840 1400 Lanjigarh 176 168.00 236149 1406 - - - - Narla 82 100.00 136280 1363 - - - - Kalahandi Th.Rampur 36 41.30 66955 1621 - - - - Total 294 309.30 447021 1445 - - - - Daringbadi 59 36.95 59185 1602 3 1.35 2025 1500 Kotagarh 51 38.72 69610 1798 - - - - Kandhamal Phiringia 33 31.87 47467 1489 6 2.15 3057.5 1422 Raikia 39 29.55 48887 1654 - - - - Total 182 137.09 224519 1638 9 3.50 5082.5 1452 Boipariguda 317 859.04 1248580 1453 26 60.94 109801.1 1802 Borigumma 86 273.15 396068 1450 - - - - Dasmantapur