reporter
volume xxvi number three spring 1970
PHI BETA KAPPA APPOINTS TEN by Kathy Ryffel, Asst., VISITING SCHOLARS FOR 1970-71 Visiting Scholar Program
When ecologist Garrett Hardin meets with students and 86 schools to introduce students and faculties to a wide va faculty this coming fall, his arrival will not only inaugurate riety of subjects, ranging from the jazz of Charlie Parker to the 1970-71 apBK Visiting Scholar Program, it will also mark the ancestors of modern cultivated corn, from the importance the 1000th visit sponsored by the fourteen-year old program. of Eastern Europe to the annihilation of history. Scholars Since 1956, 95 Scholars have crisscrossed the country in and chapters continue to confirm the significance of a pro order to spend two or three days with undergraduates at gram whose aim is to enable undergraduates to meet with universities and colleges that shelter
sought." visiting professor at the University of California at Berkeley advice or information when it is The following com as well as professor of anthropology at the University of Lon ment from one chapter correspondent points out the benefit don, a position he still holds today. Concentrating on his of the program to the entire academic community: "The particular interest the impact of modern commerce and students were greatly impressed by his knowledge and dy industrial development upon the cultures of societies outside namic presentation in the classroom, as were other students, the great civilizations this first Scholar lectured to Visiting faculty of Bucknell, and neighboring educational institutions, students, and townspeople and led informal discus meetings." faculty, besides townspeople at the public sions both within and without the classroom. Comments sent The 1970-71 Visiting Scholars will offer topics from in by the chapter after the visit gave thanks to
. . . . social ward to next week's. . The general response to the 26 3, the sciences, and 2, the natural sciences; their fields visits made by the initial team of 5 Phi Beta Kappa Visiting include economics, English, philosophy, American history, was and and what began as Scholars both lively favorable, social psychology, classics, psychiatry, political science, and an experiment soon became established as a program. ecology. The Visiting Scholars appointed for the coming This past academic year 11 outstanding scholars travelled to academic year are:
Garrett Hardin Henry J. Abraham Henry Dreyfuss John William Ward www.pbk.org Henry J. Abraham chairman and chief executive officer of Professor of political science at the Uni the Teachers Insurance and Annuity As versity of Pennsylvania since 1962, Mr. sociation of America and the College Abraham was recipient of its first award Retirement Equities Fund since 1963 and for "Excellence in Undergraduate Teach was on the faculty of Indiana University ing." He has been a visiting lecturer at early in his career. In 1961 the Elizur universities in Sweden, Denmark, Hol Wright award for "outstanding and orig literature" land, and Germany, and a fellow of the inal contributions to insurance American Philosophical Society (1960- was awarded to him for his book A New 61) and the American Council of Learned Approach to Retirement Income, the eco Societies (1968-69). Among his books nomic study of common stock perform are Freedom and the Court: Civil Rights ance that preceded the establishment of and Liberties in the United States, The CREF and the variable annuity. He was Judicial Process: An Introductory Analy a member of the advisory councils of the sis of the Courts of the United States, National Bureau of Economic Research England, and France and The Judiciary: Pension Study and the Committee on Paul L. MacKendrick The Supreme Court in the Governmental International Activities of the U.S. Office Process. of Education.
Henry Dreyfuss Garrett Hardin A pioneer in the profession of industrial Now professor of human ecology at the Mr. Dreyfuss serves design, presently University of California, Santa Barbara, as corporate adviser to a num full-time Mr. Hardin's research began in micro ber of major American corporations. Mr. biology, moved toward an emphasis in Dreyfuss is also an adjunct professor at the area of genetics and evolution, and and associate of the Cali UCLA faculty has now shifted to the problems of popu Institute of has fornia Technology; he lation and the protection of the environ written and The Designing for People ment. His writings include Biology: Its Measure Man. A founder and former of Principles and Implications; Population, president of the American for Society Evolution and Birth Control; Nature and Industrial he is a trailblazer Designers, Man's Fate; 39 Steps to Biology and in to American applying manufacturing Science, Conflict and Society. Mr. Har that the maxim form follows function. din was engaged in research at the Car negie Institution of Washington before William C. Greenough Dana L. Farnsworth, M.D. at California. Dr. Farnsworth is a leader in the appli teaching
cation of to the problems of psychiatry Stephen L. Klineberg mental health in the college community. Assistant professor of social psychology Since 1954 he has been Henry K. Oliver at Princeton, Mr. Klineberg has also Professor of Hygiene and director of the served on the Harvard faculty. Professor University Health Services at Harvard is in Tunisia com University. Author of Mental Health in Klineberg presently pleting a book on time perspectives and College and University and Psychiatry, research on attitudes and self- Education, and the Young Adult, and co doing conceptions adolescents and their author of Textbook of Psychiatry and among Living, he has spent most of his profes parents under the impact of moderniza sional life caring for college students, tion. He was recipient of a Bicentennial first at Williams College, then at MIT, Preceptorship from Princeton University and now at Harvard. (1966-69) and is an assistant editor of Sociological Inquiry. William C. Greenough An economist, Mr. Greenough has been (continued on back cover) Stephen L. Klineberg
Herman E. Spivey Dana L. Farnsworth Philip Rhinelander
www.pbk.org BIG BOTHER IS WATCHING YOU by Nicholas Johnson
who Intellectuals don't have to watch television but they'd announced around the country so that those viewers better not ignore it. intentionally tuned in discovered the program was already week- I received within the short period of one Many are professionally engaged in, and most (if not all) over, over 1,000 letters. What happened? The answer, I think, are personally committed to, improving the quality of modern is not that I reached more people during that short half-hour life by contributing to its arts and sciences, educating its on CBS than in TV GUIDE article unquestionably, young, caring for its physical and mental well-being, shaping my I did not. Nor did I present position more cogently: its economic, social, or political conditions. These efforts my almost always produces a more telling argument than are, in almost every instance, swamped by the tidal wave of writing extemporaneous remarks. The answer is that I reached them television's brackish water. Worse, yet, we're scarcely aware more powerful way: through the special immediate and that it's happening. in a "experience" total that is television. Consider only a few of Most of us are at least generally aware of the social revolu its unique effects: (1) 30,000 coal miners pushed the West tion wrought by the automobile and the telephone. Few of Virginia legislature into passing one of the first workmen's us are fully aware of the fact that television has produced compensation programs for miners suffering from black lung its own. Sociologists report that it has altered the very struc disease two weeks after a national broadcast on a subject ture of most family lives: it has changed their eating and ignored by their union and refused by their local television sleeping habits, it consumes more of their time than any other stations; (2) the New York Times has reported that NBC's activity after sleep and work, and it is used as an electronic broadcast on chemical and biological warfare led to Con babysitter. But, unlike the automobile, the television set di gressional hearings and otherwise unrevealed Pentagon dis rectly affects the attitudes and opinions of its users. And it's closures; (3) as Congressman Gonzalez of Texas commented, not only reaching more people than all other forms of com many Americans only awoke to the fact that there is poverty munication combined, it's also reaching them with an impact in this country after seeing examples of critical malnutrition previously offered only by direct experience. on CBS's documentary, "Hunger in America"; (4) the award More than 95% of the 60 million homes in the United States Fate" of Laugh-In's "Flying Fickle Finger of to an Ohio have television sets. (More than 25% have two or more.) community that had refused to appropriate enough money average home that set turned on some 5 hours and In the is for the public schools led to sudden funding. 45 minutes a day. The average male viewer will watch it for Dean George Gerbner of the Annenberg School summed up roughly nine full years of his life. Dr. S. I. Hayakawa esti these more silent effects of television: "In only two decades mates that it snatches children from their parents for 22,000 of massive national existence, television has transformed the hours before they are eighteen. When Tiny Tim was recently political life of the nation, has changed the style of the married on the Carson show, he received the second Johnny overnight global phenomena out of local "live" generation, made largest audience watching a event in the history of the happenings, and redirected the flow of information and values medium only the moon-landing had more viewers! from traditional channels into centralized networks reaching We have to wake to the fact that the sheer up frightening into every home. In other words, it has profoundly affected of television and its monopoly upon the attention ubiquity . . . the process by which members of our species become of most American families inevitably make it the major human." source of their knowledge and values. It is the single most Psychologists now know that children learn more about their powerful intellectual, social, cultural, and political force in world and values their first six years than in seller" its during any history. A book would be considered a "best if sales other single portion of their life. Parents and educators topped one million. A magazine would be doing extremely should know that by the time the average child enters kin well with a circulation of 5 or 10 million. Yet every hour of dergarten, he has spent more hours in front of his television every night, seven times a week, year in and year out, a net set than he will spend in a college classroom earning a B.A. work has the attention of more than 30 million people. I (According to the Kerner Commission Report on Violence, used to be a member of the law faculty at the University of ghetto children watch even more up to seven hours a day.) California at Berkeley. In order to lecture to this number Have you ever asked yourself who are your child's, as well of I would had to to a classroom of 100 people, have lecture "teachers" as your contemporaries', or what they are teaching? students every hour on the hour, eight hours a day, five Here is a partial answer: that conflicts are resolved days a week, weeks a year, for 150 years. by force, fifty enemy," violence, or "destroying the and not by listening, Last year, I spent a substantial amount of time, research, thinking, or understanding; that troubles are dissolved by the network and thought in preparing a 3,500-word article on relief" fast that comes pills head "censorship" "fast, fast, from (vitamins, of television programming for TV GUIDE. The ache pills, sleeping pills, stomach pills, tranquilizers, pep pills, article was distributed to some 15 million readers. In the or "the pill"), and not from dedication, training, or discipline; weeks that followed, I received about 75 letters of comment. that personal satisfaction comes from the passivity of pos A few weeks later, I was interviewed on CBS's Face the session and consumption (conspicuous whenever possible) of Nation a Sunday morning discussion program with about cars, appliances, and toys, cigarettes, soft drinks, and beer, one-quarter of the audience for prime time evening shows. and not from the activity of commitment. Despite the fact that the time of the program was erroneously Recent polls indicate that 60% of the American people be lieve they get most of their information from television. Yet Nicholas Johnson, Commissioner, Federal Communications I fear that the thinking, creative, intellectual community in Commission, is the author of the recently published How to this country (unlike England, Germany, Japan, Russia, and Talk Back to Your Television Set and a member of Phi Beta Canada) has turned its back on this astonishing fact and Williams' Kappa. The title has been drawn from Mason anal written off television as a medium for the communication ysis of television, The Mason Williams FCC Rapport. of its thought.
www.pbk.org If so, this is a tragic mistake. Pete Seeger southern station was engaged in racist SCIENCE POLITICS thinks that to say, "Let the boobs watch programming, the FCC first refused even television, I get my enjoyment from to let the complaining parties file their books," MUSIC is like saying, "What do I care briefs and pleadings with the Commis ECONOMICS about polluted rivers, I have a swimming sion, and then later found the station's pool." PAINTING RELIGION If the intellectual community performance entitled it to a license re
rivers" shrugs off the "polluted of tele newal. It once renewed the license of a LITERATURE HISTORY vision for their books, theatre, and so station that admitted bilking advertisers forth, we may lose the vast majority of with more than $6,000 in fraudulent ad FOREIGN POLICY the country, including our own children, vertising claims; even though the station "probation" to those whose primary interest is in a had already been put on by SOCIAL RELATIONS profit from, and not in what is of inter the FCC for earlier contest-rigging, the est to or in the best interest of Commission nevertheless found the sta the public. tion had "minimally met the public in Richard Rovere terest standard." What can be done to turn the tide of Kenneth Keniston television? As with computers, the unpleasant fact Jacques Barzun of administrative law, such as that prac The Federal Communications Commis ticed by the FCC, is that outputs cannot Alfred Kazin sion has broad and sweeping powers. It improve upon inputs. And, in most cases, could, almost overnight, entirely reform the only inputs to the FCC come from Oscar Handlin the radio and television industry. Here broadcasters, not the public at large. The a is brief sampling of its powers. It regu "output" Robert Heilbroner from the FCC and your tele lates all communication by radio or wire vision set alike show this. James Landis Douglas Bush (including AM, FM, shortwave, citizens characterized the problem in his famous and private band radio, VHF and Loren UHF, report to President Kennedy: "It is the Eiseley cable and pay television, all interstate daily machine-gun-like impact . . . that William Shannon telephone communications, telegraph makes for industry orientation on the services, microwave transmitter link-ups, Phyllis part of many honest and capable agency McGinley and even communications satellites), staffs." by members as well as space" agency He's Paul Sears first, by allocating "frequency to right. Every day hundreds of pounds of various uses (it was the FCC that "cre legal are Louis Simpson ated" documents filed with the Com FM radio and UHF television) mission, all presenting, in the most per and, second, by deciding which broad Fitts suasive manner a talented corporate Dudley casters are best qualified to utilize por lawyer can muster, finely reasoned legal B. H. Haggin tions of those frequencies. The FCC has arguments why the broadcaster ought to the power to prevent one person or one R. Buckminster Fuller be given what he asks. On the other side, corporation from owning more than one the citizen's side, we receive virtually Walter Kerr broadcast station FM or in (AM, TV) nothing. any one community thereby permit David Riesman voices" ting a plurality of "media in the The first step to take toward improved marketplace of ideas. It can require sta broadcasting, therefore, is to inform Henry Wallich "rights" tions to give free time to all political yourself of your vis-a-vis your Marston Bates candidates during election time. local broadcasting station. Did you know that your station has to prove its record George Boas The essential point, however, is that air every three years in Washington, D.C, waves are public property; broadcasters scholars and writers you and that it must inform you of the dates Outstanding bring do not own the rights to broadcast over their ideas on a broad range of topics in and times and places so that you can their each issue of THE AMERICAN frequencies outright or in perpe stockholders' quarterly participate like a meet tuity. Congress, through the Communi SCHOLAR. In addition, you'll find reviews ing? Did you know that your local sta of Important new books, poetry, and Joseph cations Act of 1934, treated broadcasters tion is required by law to keep certain Wood Krutch's popular column on men as trustees in whose hands public prop records available to any member of the and mankind. erty was to be placed for a short, ter public? Did you know that if a broad Subscribe now at a special introductory minable period. Every three years, broad caster states an opinion on a matter of rate $4.00 for a full year's subscription record." casters must "run on their If public interest and controversy, respon (four issues). You save 20% of the regular the Commission, created by this Act, sible spokesmen for the opposing point subscription price. finds that have "served they effectively of view have a right to posi interest," have their the public obtain another they tion aired, under the "fairness doctrine"? three-year period. Did you know that you can file a "Peti Die American Scholar tion for Rule-Making," Critics of radio and television generally requesting the 1811 Q St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 FCC to initiate agree that the FCC has not held broad legal machinery toward adoption of rule within our casters to a very high standard of public any power Please enter my subscription to the Scholar that you believe is in the for a full year (four for $4.00. interest. The FCC once decided, for ex public interest issues) just ample, that a radio station proposing 33 Payment enclosed Bill me A group of mothers, angered over tele ? ? minutes of commercials an hour would vision's shabby treatment of children, be serving the public interest. It approved Name. organized Action for Children's Televi a license transfer application for a station sion (ACT). They started by picketing Street. that quite candidly conceded it proposed a Boston television station for to broadcast no news or public affairs at canceling .State. City -Zip- all. When presented with charges that a (continued on back cover)
4 www.pbk.org FREDERICK J. CROSSON
Ontological Relativity and Other Essays. reading recommended by the book committee W. V. O. Quine. Columbia. $5.75. The title essay of this collection is the first GUY A. ROBERT humanities CARDWELL, B. HEILMAN, of the John Dewey Lectures inaugurated at FREDERICK J. CROSSON Columbia University in 1968. The essays LEONARD W. DOOB, FREDERICK B. ARTZ, clarify and carry forward the ideas devel social sciences LAWRENCE H. CHAMBERLAIN, ANDREW GYORGY, oped in Word and Object, based on the view that language consists of EARL W. COUNT, ANDREAS M. KAZAMIAS, dispositions, acquired to respond accept LOUIS C. HUNTER, RICHARD BEALE DAVIS by conditioning, ably to socially observable stimuli. Ontology, natural sciences MARSTON BATES, KIRTLEY F. MATHER in this perspective, is the quest for the sim plest general canonical logical notation. As usual, the arguments are models of careful, ROBERT B. HEILMAN Charles Dickens 1812-1870: A Centennial tight, piece-by-piece clarity. Volume. Edited by E. W. F. Tomlin. Simon An Introduction to Spanish-American Litera and Schuster. $12.50. The Presence the Word. Walter J. Ong. ture, lean Franco. Cambridge. $9.50. of An excellent collection of biographical and Yale. $6.95. Succeeds in ordering a literature that sprawls historical essays by eight writers and schol Although delivered several years these over nineteen countries from colonial to Dickens' ago, ars. J. B. Priestley on life, and modern times. Describes, quotes, criticizes. Terry Lectures deserve our attention quite Tomlin on his reputation are especially Brief final summaries in 7 of the 10 chapters apart from the fact that their author was good. Nearly 250 interesting illustrations. help organize the historical, national, and a Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholar. The aesthetic accounts. Bloomsbury. Quentin Bell. Basic Books. framework of the contrasting of oral and $4.95. print cultures allows him to illuminate the British consequences of shift from Autobiography in the Seventeenth Quentin Bell, art critic and historian, and far-reaching the visual predominance in Western Century. Paul Delany. Columbia. $6. nephew of Virginia Woolf, devotes this in aural to A well history. The relations which his perspective organized, maturely critical, and quite formal, thoughtful, and detached essay pri readable of suggests between cultural phenomena not survey almost 200 true and marily to sketching the habits of mind that quasi autobiographies, examined in relation allied the diverse personalities of "Blooms heretofore perceived as related are both bury" to the and and the reader culture, religion, and differing pur inquiringness, skepticism, openness, surprising persuasive, poses of the many men and few women who reliance on reason and good taste. Numer will find his own perception of the sense of wrote of themselves. ous illustrations. these phenomena changed.
Pierre Corneille: Seven Plays. Translated Robert Liddell on the Novel. With an In God and the Soul. Peter Geach. Schocken. into English Verse with a Biographical Ap troduction by Wayne C. Booth. Chicago. $4.50. preciation and Notes Samuel Solomon. $3.50. by Scornful of the sloppy thinking about its Random House. $15. This reissue of A Treatise on the Novel title subjects often exhibited by religionists Samuel Solomon continues his skillful verse (1947) and Some Principles of Fiction as well as anti-religionists, this collection translations useful and makes available again a novelist's equally in the library (1953) of essays aims to delineate with precision on the stage. volume astute perceptions about fictional form as This include Corneille's the issues involved in some disputed ques four best-known tragedies, two other trage practiced by both older writers and con tions reincarnation, immortality, existence, and his most popular The temporaries. avoiding fashionable points dies, comedy, By morality and to take a position on them. Liar. of view Liddell manages to seem undated. Naming and referring, the ontology of Three Plays. Nikos Kazantzakis. Translated mathematical objects and the logical form Jonathan Swift: A Critical Introduction. from the Greek Athena Gianakas Dallas. of causal propositions are among the con Denis Donoghue. Cambridge. $7.50. by ceptual tools sharpened for the arguments. Simon and Schuster. $7.50. An original and with penetrating study, Five of the nine essays are un Melissa and Kouros are versions of old previously caveats against excessive reliance on many published in a different book. myths; Columbus is a drama of the obsessed refreshingly irony and the persona in Swift criticism, and form," explorer, monks, and Queen Isabella. Colum an emphasis on Swift's "plural which Perspectives on Death. Edited by Liston O. bus is best endowed with the quality com involves license in the use of perspective, Mills. Abingdon. $6.50. mon to all: imaginative and emotional parody, contrast, and discontinuity. vitality. An interdisciplinary approach to the subject of death, as viewed by sociology, psychiatry, Lady Blessington's Conversations with Lord Myth on the Modern Stage. Hugh Dickinson. theology, literature, and scripture. Tolstoy Byron. Edited with an Introduction and Illinois. $8.50. remarked that our passion to inquire why Notes by Ernest I. Lovell, Jr. Princeton. $10. Full-length evaluations of about two dozen someone died is a way of our A full especial satisfying usefully introduction, paying plays (by ten dramatists six French, three selves that it was due to some special cir attention to the biographical background, American, T. S. Eliot) based on Greek cumstances affecting him but not me. The precedes the text of this first critical edition myth. Learned and lively, philosophically puzzle of our irrational and rationalizing of an important Byron source. The often en and theatrically aware. attitudes toward this inevitable event is tertaining marginalia from Countess Guic- The French New Novel: Claude probed with acuity by these various per cioli's copy are reproduced. Byron rarely Simon, Michael Robbe-Grillet. lohn spectives, but without dissolving the mystery. spoke uninterestingly, even though his re Butor, Alain marks are filtered through the rather bland Sturrock. Oxford. $6.95. Nihilism. Stanley Rosen. Yale. $8.50. style of the lady. Long essays on the novelists follow an in troduction which relates anti-realistic new- A radical, i.e., fundamental, critique of con Diary by E. B. B.: The Unpublished Diary novel theory to old-novel theory, with em temporary philosophy and politics. Both Lebens- of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, 1831-1832. phasis on the new novelist as a self-con Wittgenstein's view of language as a Edited with an Introduction and Notes by scious presenter of his own creative processes form and Heidegger's conception of Being Philip Kelley and Ronald Hudson. Ohio. $15. by objects that compel the reader to re are analyzed as current forms of historicism, A revealing record of an emotional year in create and thus to alter consciousness. and historicism leads to nihilism and to which E. B. B. constantly suffered from the silence because it cannot rationally dis Also Recommended: expected loss of the Barrett home and of course upon itself, cannot justify itself. To her relationship with an older blind scholar Recollections of George Bernard Shaw. these currents, Rosen opposes the Platonic to whom she was strongly attached. Robert R. J. Minney. Prentice-Hall. $7.95. understanding of the unity of reason and Coles' psychoanalytical essay is restrained Myth and Modern American Drama. the good. If occasionally obscure, the argu and sensible. Thomas E. Porter. Wayne State. $7.95. ment has the central issues in its sights.
www.pbk.org The Growth of the Biblical Tradition. Klaus Dewey, Tolstoy, Neill and other advocates cators systematically trained in "visual
sensitivity." Koch. Scribners. $6.95. of freedom and autonomy in education. The best introduction to the scope and sig Through the First Street School he shows Notes from Africa. H. S. Ayor. Praeger. nificance of the form-critical method. Com how, on a small scale at least, change can $5.95. prehensive, systematic and lucid, it provides be brought about in reading and other skills "rejects" "unteachables" A highly sophisticated, self-consciously an excellent exposition for the general, in of school or and, sensitive, thinly fictionalized account by an terested reader. The contrast between form more importantly, in the lives of children important Israeli diplomat of the problems criticism and literary criticism make clear which, he feels, should be the main concern that arise when a man of good will from why the earlier biblical studies based on the of education. the culture of the West tries to understand latter approach (e.g., the opposing of Paul Run, Computer, Run: The the officials of the African country his gov ine Christianity to the teachings of lesus) Mythology of Educational Innovation. G. Oet- ernment is trying not completely disinterest are no longer valid. The second half of the Anthony to Both the African elite and tinger with Sema Marks. Harvard. $5.95. edly help. the book exemplifies the method considering by ambassador struggle to find Not an indictment of "mechanized instruc meeting places a dozen examples in detail. tion" between two ways of living and feeling, as some may hastily infer from the but remain unconvinced, in spite of Moral Knowledge and its Methodology in title, but an informative and sober appraisal they noble that can succeed in Aristotle. J. Donald Monan. Oxford. $4.50. of computer and other forms of educational intentions, they this generation. Poised against the view of Jaeger and others technology by two writers who are con that the ethical doctrine of Aristotle as vinced of their potential benefits to instruc American Beliefs and Attitudes about In epitomized in the Nicomachean Ethics was tion and learning. The promise of such tech telligence. Orville G. Brim, Jr., David C. a patchwork compromise. Monan shows nology is first presented in terms of several Glass, John Neulinger, and Ira J. Firestone. that the Eudemian Ethics presents a unified tableaux. This is followed an visionary by Russell Sage. $7.75. and matured Aristotelian ethical view. In analysis and evaluation of several experi An amazingly thorough examination from deed, parts of NE are argued reasonably ments and projects funded by government almost every conceivable statistical and to antedate the latter work. The conclusion and other agencies. The explodes study demographic standpoint of how the concept is that Aristotle's final identification of the myths that have surrounded computer many of intelligence and intelligence test scores supreme good for man is not based on centered learning. It concludes that "educa are embedded in the thinking and aspirations metaphysics hence not on the tional has not reformed much "rickety technology of a sample of 10,000 sec amalgam" yes, really of Book Ten of NE and its doc less revolutionized education as dispensed school children and, briefly, schools." ondary very trine of contemplation but on the im in our The authors attribute this in one of 1,500 American adults. These sur manent implications of praxis. to structural defects in the American school veys sometimes reveal the expected (e.g., system fragmen (bureaucratization, rigidity, relatively few students think the tests meas the stage of our ANDREAS M. KAZAMIAS tation, etc.) knowledge ure inborn intelligence), but more often the (still a stage of ignorance) in the use of unexpected (e.g., fewer Negroes than white The Children the Dream: Communal computer of centered learning, and the ineffi students believe that test performance de and American Education. cient ways funds are allocated. Child-Rearing being pends only or mostly on learning). Bruno Bettelheim. Macmillan. $6.95. An interpretation of child-rearing and edu Dynamics of Academic Reform. J. B. Lon Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a cation in the kibbutzim, the famous Israeli Hefferlin. Jossey-Bass. $8.50. Psvchocivilized Society. Jose M. R. Delgado. agricultural collectives. Bettelheim, a well- A carefully written, well researched and de Harper & Row. known writer on the emotional development tailed study of the process of change in A proud but self-effacing, a challenging but of children, has provided additional first modern American universities. The book philosophically sophisticated exposition in hand observations on and insights into the examines the elements in universities re terms intelligible to alert non-specialists type of human being, namely, his values, sisting change (and these often include of how our knowledge concerning the brains feelings, attitudes, desires, and general out faculty members), and also explores some of animals and men has markedly if tenta look toward the self and the world, pro of the important institutional factors which tively increased through implanting radio* duced by this daring social experiment in affect reform proposals. The study is based controlled electrodes in that crucially im communal upbringing. Equally important, on surveys and personal interviews at 110 portant organ. Significant behavior can thus however, in the mind of the author, is the representative universities and colleges. be activated and the suffering of some pa "must" light which the comparison between kib Dynamics of Academic Reform is tients can be alleviated. The startled or butz and contemporary American education reading for anyone seriously concerned sentimental reader will not panic if he reads throws upon the problems of the latter, beset with the crisis of American higher education. Chapters 17-19 which reveal the present as it were, by fear, alienation, competition, limitations of the technique and Chapter 21 Considerations." constraint, and the lack of a feeling of Society, Schools and Progress in Eastern which is titled "Ethical "community." The book is bold and pro Europe. Nigel Grant. Pergamon. $4.20. So Kambuya's Cattle: The Legacy of an African vocative, as indeed is the phenomenon it viet Education. Nigel Grant. Penguin. $.95. Herdsman. Walter Goldschmidt. California. examines. It has already aroused considerable The best available introductions to the edu $7.50. controversy here and abroad. cational systems and the underlying ideolo A most detailed, gies of the Soviet Union and Eastern and slow-moving, incredibly conscientious record of events in an East The Lives of Children, A Practical Descrip Southeastern Europe (East Germany, Po African village which followed after the tion of Freedom in its Relation to Growth land, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Learning: The the First Street death of a quietly wealthy man who "left Story of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania). School. George Dennison. Random House. four sons by three different wives, a herd $6.95. LEONARD W. DOOB of more than two hundred cattle, a very old obligations Like Children of the Dream, this book deals wife, and a series of economic formation" credits." Arnheim. Cali and Here is a microcosm which with the "personality and "edu Visual Thinking. Rudolf
cation" of children. But it is about 23 Amer fornia. $11.50. is placed on a continuum somewhere be an ican children (black, white, and Puerto A humane but very determined attempt to tween the conventional ethnography of selves have been suggest the role of entire culture and the of a specific Rican) whose identities or overpowering percep biography destroyed by their environment and school tion, and especially vision and visual images, person embedded in it. The gently exciting upon responses to simple objects or drama illuminates and transcends the par ing. Dennison vividly portrays the product human which the upon the of informa complicated human relations. of a type of educational system universe, storing ticular, and upon the appraisal of experience. Bettelheim partly had in mind when he re tion, Buren- illustrations come not from the The Harried Leisure Class. Staffan ferred to possible benefits from a look at The only Columbia. visual arts but also from literature and stam Linder. $7. kibbutz education. An indictment of Ameri psy application of eclectic economic upon which chological experiments. In the center of this An theory can education and the theories tableau is the symbol. Not but to the problem of allocating one of the it is based, the author draws from the surprisingly would edu scarcest resources in developed psychological of the author have societies, pedagogical and ideas convincingly
6 www.pbk.org viz., time. To document his that time II. theory War Although frequently too detailed in a deft hand, a keen eye for detail, and a is becoming even scarcer the author skill its military analyses, its sweep is impressive. sense of humor, this panorama of our his dissects a fully large segment Based on depressingly original Russian sources, memoirs tory from the days of Washington to the of modern behavior ranging from bank sav and interviews, only recently available to aftermath of the Civil War should interest ings to sex. Here is yet another a the way, very Soviet public itself, Salisbury's book will every cultural, intellectual, and art historian original one, to account for some of the "classic" serve as a in this field. as well as any intelligent reader. The Eng subtler miseries we inflict upon ourselves. lish and occasional German comments and The Demonstration in Pushkin Square. Pavel poems are a real part of our folk literature. Litvinov. Gambit. $4.95. ANDREW GYORGY All together, a fascinating volume. A dramatic and truthful description of the
young* East-Central Europe, A Guide to Basic Pub recent trial of several Russian writers. Preaching in American History: Selected lications. Edited by Paul L. Horecky. Chi The trials came about as the result of a dem Issues in the American Pulpit 1630-1967'. onstration in Pushkin cago. $25. Square in 1967, pro Edited by Dewitte Holland et al. Abingdon. fellow- This monumental annotated area guide gives testing the imprisonment of four $8.95. writers. A a significant insight into the lands and peo frightening document of the cur Though its content indicates that it would "re-Stalinization" rent process ples of four East-Central European coun of in the more appropriately have been entitled "Re aimed in particular tries. Some sixty scholars and specialists USSR, against artists, actions of the American Pulpit (and Laity) present 3,400 bibliographic entries dealing writers, literary figures, and journalists. to Major Religious and Social Problems of History," not only with regional material but with Our the volume should be useful sources in Russian and in several Western RICHARD BEALE DAVIS to both religious and general historians. languages. This impressive work will be in There is the usual over-emphasis on early Black Exodus: Black Nationalist and Back- valuable to students of the area, researchers, Puritanism and neglect of early Anglican to-Africa Movements, 1890-1910. Edwin S. librarians and government officials. ism, a condition which might be amelio Redkey. Yale. $10. rated by adding a companion volume. Later Rand McNally. The International Atlas. Careful scholarship, balanced conclusions, periods are represented in better balance. Rand McNally. $34.95. and obvious significance to an understanding This unique cartographic venture offers a of American black nationalism mark this Travels in New England and New York. 4 broad panorama of topographic and politi study of the little-known back-to-Africa vols. Timothy Dwight. Edited by Barbara cal maps of the entire world. It will be indis movements a full generation after the Civil M. Solomon. Harvard-Belknap. $30. pensable to theorists and practitioners alike. War. The story is briskly and at times Strongly chauvinistic and frequently dull, The maps are, cartographically speaking, humorously told. Essentially it is a record Dwight's meticulously detailed travel ac both beautiful and impeccable. The only of tragic failures for middle-class black count of his own region is always useful. items of criticism are the brevity of editorial leaders and for optimistic peasants who Government, climate, topography, Indian and introductory comment, and the weak believed in and followed them, tragedy re tribes, industry, town and country, are out ness of some of the political regions pre sulting from an application, or misapplica lined or fully explained in the first encyclo sented, notably Western and Eastern Europe. tion, of the American Dream. pedic defense of America against European criticism. In many ways more comprehensive Opposition in the U.S.S.R. , 1917-1967 . Ro American Negro Slavery: A Modern Reader. than Jefferson's earlier Notes on the State land Gaucher. Translated Charles L. Edited by Allen Weinstein and Frank O. by of Virginia, to which it should be compared, Markmann. Funk & Wagnalls. $10. Gatell. Oxford. $7.50. it is mot nearly so well written. This book examines all available aspects of From Ulrich Phillips to Genovese and David underground opposition and resistance to B. Davis and John Hope Franklin, this col The Byrds of Virginia, an American Dy Lenin and Stalin throughout the first 35 lection of recent essays on "the central nasty, 1670 to the Present. Alden Hatch.
experience," years of USSR history. Particularly im theme of our national the mat Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. $10. portant are the author's accounts of Ukrain ter of race, is comprehensive in its variety Though a little marred by misspellings of ian nationalist resistance and of the Stalinist and points of view, and unusually provoca proper names and a few errors, this is a purges of the military in the 1930's. tive. Probably the best anthology of writing well-written, and fair, account of a family about slavery yet collected. Well organized. deserving to be remembered with the The Age of Protest: Dissent and Rebellion in Each writer is perceptive and scholarly and Adamses of Massachusetts, the Pinckneys the Twentieth Century. Norman F. Cantor. usually an effective penman. of South Carolina, and their fellow-Virgin $8.95. Hawthorn. ians, the Lees. It offers lengthy considera The Papers of John C. Calhoun, Volume A significant summary of the past century's tions of William Byrd II and the brothers IV 1819-1820. Edited by W. Edwin Hemp social and political protest movements rang Senator Harry and Admiral Richard of our hill. South Carolina. $15. ing from the 19th century feminist crusades century. A valuable of to our current student and black revolts. One documentation, ably edited, a year of Calhoun's tenure as of The Golden Age Piracy. Hugh F. Rankin. of the more important sections deals with Secretary of War. Although more than a thousand items and Winston for Colonial student protest movements in American uni Holt, Rinehart, are abstracted or transcribed verbatim, Williamsburg. $4.95. versities (Part Four). A useful and well- many readers will find most those This seventh in a series of popular histories written book. interesting representing the southern statesman's at of the Chesapeake Bay region in the eigh Jean Monnet and the United States of tempt to implement his program for edu teenth century is an entertaining account of Europe. Merry and Serge Bromberger. Trans cating the Indians. Perhaps equally signifi the pirates who infested Atlantic waters. lated by Elaine P. Halperin. Coward- cant is the tale told in letters of Stephen Henry Morgan, Blackbeard, Stede Bonnet, McCann. $10. H. Long's expedition up the Missouri. and two notorious woman buccaneers are A detailed description of the major steps among the individuals whose exploits out Lewis Miller, Sketches and Chronicles. taken to unify Europe since World War II. raged colonial authorities. The book puts Edited by Robert P. Turner. The Historical Starting with the biography of Jean Monnet, the whole business in perspective, dissolving father" Society of York County [Pennsylvania]. "founding of the unification move many of the legendary misconceptions re $25. ment, the book culminates in a dramatic garding piracy and privateering which have These colored drawings and chronicles rep discussion of the Common Market, Euratom come down to us. resent the reflections of a Pennsylvania Ger and General de Gaulle's vision of his Europe, tale," man folk artist. From the late eighteenth Letters from Alabama, 1817-1822. Anne a veritable "fairy according to the century to Miller's death in 1882, the writer- Newport Royall. Edited Lucille Griffith. authors. by artist illustrated and commented upon pub Alabama. $7.50. The 900 Days, The Siege of Leningrad. lic buildings, the idiosyncrasies of his This is a highly entertaining narration-de Harrison Salisbury. Harper & Row. $10. fellow-countians and other Americans, the scription of the Old Southwest in the days A monumentally detailed and historically comic and tragic and memorable incidents of President Monroe. The first modern anno fascinating account of the Nazi siege of So he witnessed. Included are some of his im tated segment of travel accounts of a writer viet Russia's second largest city in World pressions on a European tour. Drawn with too long forgotten.
www.pbk.org BIG BOTHER IS WATCHING YOU that mistake. It knows who you are, of different types of radicalism. A for what your income is, where you live, mer dean of the School of Humanities (continued from page 4) what you do, and what your program and Sciences at Stanford and the director ming tastes are through daily telephone of general education at Harvard, his part of Captain Kangaroo, and they and mail surveys and personal interviews. special fields are ethics, philosophy of have recently filed a landmark petition Television may have written intellectuals law, and history of ideas. with the FCC, asking it to amend its off; but whatever your profession, inter rules to bar advertisements in children's ests, concerns and responsibilities, its Herman E. television programming. Spivey programming just must be among your Mr. is dean of the College of concerns. Bother has been Spivey Arts John Banzhaf, a single citizen, decided primary Big & Sciences and professor of English at to do something about cigarette adver watching you and providing most of "intellectual" the the University of Florida. Mr. tisements on radio and television. He stimulation for our na Spivey served of the complaint," has on the Univer tion. It's past a closer faculty filed a "fairness demanding long time we kept of was head of eye on sity North Carolina, the that broadcasters devote a significant him. department of English and dean of the amount of time to the anti-smoking point graduate school at the University of Ken of view. He won. The American Cancer tucky and in 1960-68 was vice president Society warnings we now see on tele VISITING SCHOLARS, 1970-71 of the University of Tennessee. A Ful vision, advising us that cigarettes cause bright lecturer in 1955 at the (continued from page University lung cancer and other diseases, are a di 2) of Rome, Mr. Spivey was sent to India rect result of Mr. Banzhaf's efforts. the year as a Paul L. MacKendrick following Smith-Mundt Apart from informing yourself about Lecturer. He is author of Unfinished your television bill of rights, or even Professor of classics at the University of University Business, and co-author of seeking legal action, what else can you Wisconsin, Mr. MacKendrick did re The Meaning in Reading. do? Involve yourself, directly, in tele search at the American Academy of vision itself. No matter who you are, you Rome in 1950 and at the same time took John William Ward have some expertise, some area of spe part in the excavation of the Roman professor of and Amer cial knowledge, that might interest peo colony ruins at Cosa, Italy. In recent Presently history ican studies at Amherst College, Mr. ple. If, as it is said, every man has at summers he has continued his studies of Ward has twice received a Guggenheim least one novel in him, then every man the Romans as colonizers in Spain, Por and was a Fulbright lecturer has at least one television program in tugal, Germany, and France. He is the fellowship at the of Reading, England. him. Whether you are an artist, an engi author of The Roman Mind at Work, University Professor Ward was historical consultant neer, a lawyer, a teacher, an architect, The Mute Stones Speak, The Greek and a member of the board on or a scientist, you could talk your local Stones Speak, The Iberian Stones Speak, advisory and the twenty-volume history, television station into doing a short docu The Athenian Aristocracy. documentary Annals of America. He is author of mentary or news-short or entertainment "consultant." Andrew Jackson: Symbol for an Age and special using you as a Why Philip Rhinelander Red, White, and Blue: Men, Books, and not? Television stations are starving for Professor Rhinelander began his teach Ideas in American Culture. fresh, innovative, subjects. After all, they career at Harvard and is now pro must fill hour upon hour of television ing fessor of philosophy and humanities at space every day. They may welcome Stanford University. He has written vari your ideas and your help. ous articles on academic freedom, aims You may have turned your back on of general education, origins of student television, but television has not made radicalism, and ethical presuppositions
THE KEY REPORTER Second class postage paid PHI BETA KAPPA at Washington. D. C. 1811 Q Street. N.W. Washington, D. C. 20009 the reporter Return Postage Guaranteed
volume xxvi number three spring 1970
Editor: Marion F. Houstoun
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Editorial Committee: Irving Dilliard, William F. Hahnert, Robert H. Irrmann, Raymer McQuis- ton, Mary F. Williams.
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