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Orden Squamata: Recinto Universitario “Rubén Darío” Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería Departamento de Biología Seminario de Graduación para optar al Título de Licenciados en Biología Línea base de fauna silvestre vertebrada terrestre en la finca agro-ecológica “Flor de Pochote" en Masatepe-Masaya, Nicaragua. Autores: Br. Enrique Arfaxad Castillo Von Thoma. Br. Luisa Socmig García Zamorán. Br. Nelissa Magaly Vásquez Glasgow. Tutor: MSc. Gena del Carmen Abarca. Asesor: MSc. Josué Bedonis Hernández. Asesor Técnico: Ing. Ove Faurby. Managua, Nicaragua Diciembre, 2019. Contenido I. Introducción ............................................................................................................................. 7 II. Antecedentes: ......................................................................................................................... 8 III. Justificación: ..................................................................................................................... 10 IV. Objetivos: ........................................................................................................................... 11 V. Marco Teórico: ...................................................................................................................... 12 5.1. Diversidad biológica Faunística ........................................................................................ 12 5.2. Clasificación de los vertebrados ....................................................................................... 14 5.3. Grupos taxonómicos del estudio ...................................................................................... 15 1. Anfibios: ......................................................................................................................... 15 Origen de los anfibios: ........................................................................................................... 16 Orden Anuros: (Sapos y ranas) ............................................................................................ 18 Orden Caudata: (salamandras/tritón) .................................................................................. 19 Orden Gymnophrona: (cecilias) ........................................................................................... 20 2. Reptiles: .......................................................................................................................... 21 Orden Testudines: .................................................................................................................. 21 Orden Squamata: ................................................................................................................... 22 Orden Crocodilia: .................................................................................................................... 22 Orden Rhynchocephalia: ....................................................................................................... 22 Origen de los reptiles: ............................................................................................................ 22 3. Mamíferos: ..................................................................................................................... 24 VI. Preguntas directrices ...................................................................................................... 28 VII. Diseño metodológico: ..................................................................................................... 29 7.1. Tipo de estudio ............................................................................................................. 29 7.2. Área de estudio:............................................................................................................ 30 7.3. Universo y muestra ...................................................................................................... 30 7.4. Definición y Operacionalización de variables, (MOVI) ....................................... 30 7.5. Métodos, técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos ............................ 32 7.5.1. Metodología: ..................................................................................................................... 32 7.5.2. Protocolo para el muestreo de Mamíferos. ................................................................. 32 7.5.3. Protocolo para muestreo de reptiles. ........................................................................... 34 7.5.4. Protocolo para muestreo de anfibios. .......................................................................... 35 7.6. Procedimientos para la recolección de Datos e Información .......................... 37 VIII. Análisis y resultados ....................................................................................................... 38 IX. Conclusiones ....................................................................................................................... 42 X. Recomendaciones .................................................................................................................. 43 XI. Bibliografía ........................................................................................................................... 45 XII. Anexos: ................................................................................................................................ 47 7.1 ................................................................................................................................................. 47 7.2 ................................................................................................................................................. 48 7.3 ................................................................................................................................................. 49 Dedicatoria “He pasado por altos y bajos en estos años para llegar a esta etapa final, gracias al apoyo incondicional de mi madre Emelda del Socorro Zamorán quien desde siempre impulso mis estudios, a quien deseo dedicar este trabajo, y a mi padre Luis Migdonio García Cocoy (QEPD), quien una vez soñó con verme como una profesional y no logro concluir el camino conmigo.” Luisa Socmig García Zamorán. “He llegado al final de este camino e iniciando a otro a pesar de muchos obstáculos, he salido adelante gracias a mis padres y es por ello que dedico con amor y cariño este trabajo a mi padre Erwin Vásquez y mi madre Magda Glasgow, que con su gran esfuerzo y dedicación me han brindado su apoyo y amor para poder cumplir mis metas y objetivos. Gracias padres míos, los amo.” Nelissa Magaly Vásquez Glasgow. Agradecimiento “Mis gracias quedarían cortas, para quien siempre me empujo, madre, ese apoyo incondicional, aun cuando ni yo misma confiara en mí. Eterna gratitud es poco para todo lo que siento por ti, pero en esto, tu apoyo fue el principal, a mi hermana, Luemel tu seriedad y tu forma de ser, gracias por ser mi ejemplo de perseverancia, hija gracias por nacer y darme más ánimos de seguir. También deseo agradecer al matrimonio que nos brindó el espacio para realizar esta investigación” Luisa Socmig García Zamorán. “Honor y honra a quien se lo merece y agradezco a mi padre celestial, porque él me cuido en estos años de carrera, me dio su bendición y abrió sus puertas para que se lograra este trabajo final. Gracias a la familia Faurby Duarte que permitieron esta investigación en su finca. Porque de él, y por él, y en él son todas las cosas. A él sea gloria por siempre. Amen. (Romanos 11:36). A Dios gracias infinitas” Nelissa Magaly Vásquez Glasgow. Resumen En el presente informe, se muestran los resultados de un breve estudio, que abarca una línea base de la fauna silvestre terrestre, específicamente vertebrados, los que fueron realizadas mediante capturas y observación, durante corto tiempo, en la reserva ecológica “Flor de Pochote”, esta se encuentra en el municipio de Masatepe, la investigación se realizó durante noviembre del año 2019. Aparte se realizaron reconocimientos y un listado preliminar de las especies clasificadas en ese corto lapso de tiempo. Se realizó un catálogo con los resultados obtenidos durante la investigación con imágenes básicas para ser más fácilmente reconocidos, entre los especímenes se destacan la Boa imperator (reptiles), Incilius coccifer (anfibios) y Tamandua mexicana (mamíferos). Lo reconocimientos fueron realizados en los alrededores de la finca, en las cercanías al hotel y en el mismo hotel, porque al ser un ambiente eco turístico, los animales en más de alguna ocasión realizan una introducción ya sea en cuartos o piscina del hotel. I. Introducción Toda investigación científica posee un inicio, un origen, algo primario, a eso es lo que se le conoce en este campo como una línea base, para poder partir de algo, este trabajo fue realizado, en la reserva agroecológica “La Flor de Pochote”, antes de este levantamiento de datos, no se había realizado ningún tipo de investigación con base científica, el matrimonio propietario de la reserva se ha enfocado más en lo eco turístico, dejando de lado la base esencial del conocimiento faunístico, con este (informe/investigación) se pretende iniciar los primeros pasos del listado faunístico completo de la reserva que dará inicios al levantamiento de datos para la formulación de la línea base de especies vertebradas presentes en la finca. Con este trabajo se pretendió la identificación de la mayor cantidad de especies de vertebrados terrestres que forman parte de la biodiversidad de la reserva, la categorización
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