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Stratigraphy and Facies of Sediments and Low-Grade Metasediments in the Shackleton Range, Antarctica

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Stratigraphy and Facies of Sediments and Low-Grade Metasediments in the Shackleton Range, Antarctica Polarforschung 63 (1): xx - xx, ]993 (erschienen]994) Stratigraphy and Facies of Sediments and Low-Grade Metasediments in the Shackleton Range, Antarctica By Werner Buggisch', Georg Kleinschmidt", Axel Höhndorf" and Jean Pohl" Summary: Thc straripraphy 01'the Shaekleton Range cstablished by STEPHENSON 1. INTRODUCTION (1966) ancl CLARKSON (1972) was revised by results of the German Expedition GEISHA 1987/88. The .Turnpike Bluff Group" does not form a stratigraphie unit. Thc stratigraphie eorrelation of its Ionnations is still a matter 01'discussion. The Shaekleton Range is located east of the Filchner Ice Shelf Thc following four formations are presumcd to belong to different units: The at the margin of the East Antarctic Shield, continuing the mor­ Stephenson Bastion Formation and Wyeth Heights Formation are probably 01' phologieal trend of the Transantarctie Mountains towards the Late Prceambrian age. The Late Preeambrian Watts Needle Formation. which Weddell Sea (Fig. 1). It comprises Precambrian igneous and lies unconformably on the Read Group, is an indcpcndant unit which has to be separated from thc ..Turnpike Bluff Group". The Mount Wegeuer Formation has metamorphie basement rocks overlain by Late Precambrian se­ been thrustcd ovcr the Watts Needle Formation. Early Cambrian fossils diments, very low-grade to low-grade metamorphie Early Pha­ (Oldhamia SI'.. Epiphvton sp., Botomael!a (?) sp. and echinodenns) were Iound nerozoie slates and phyllites, Middle Cambrian trilobite shales in the Mt. Wegener Fonnation in the Read Mountains. and post-orogenie Phanerozoic red beds. The basic stratigraphy The Middle Cambrian trilobite shales on Mount Provender. which form the of the rocks of the Shackleton Range was established by STE­ Haskard Highlands Formation. are possibly in faulted contaet with the basement PHENSON (1966), CLARKSON (1972, 1982a, 1983) and CLARKSON complex (Pioneers and Stratton Groups). They are overlain by the Blaiklock &WYETH (1983). Besides these British authors, geologists from Glacier Group. for wh ich an Ordovician age is indicated by trilobite tracks and the Soviet Union and East Germany earned recognition for their trails.Jow inelination ofthe paleomagnetic ficld and the similarity to the basal units of the Table Mountain Quartzite in South Africa. papers on the Shaekleton Range. The present state ofknowledge is summarized in Fig. 2a. Thc Watts Needle Formation represents epicontinental shelf sediments, the Mount Wegener Formation was deposited in a (continental) back-are According to the results of structural work (BUGG1SCH et al. this environmeut, and the Blaikloek Glacier Group is a typical molasse sediment of the Ross Orogen. vol.), the Shaekleton Range is eomposed ofthree different tec­ tono-stratigraphic units (Fig. 3): Zusammenfassung: Die Stratigraphie der Shackleton Range. die von STEPHENSON (1966) und CLARKSON (1972) aufgestellt worden war. konnte durch (i) the East Antarctic craton, consisting of igneous and metamor­ Ergebnisse der deutschen Expedition "GEISHA" 1987/88 revidiert werden. Die .Turnpike Bluff Gruppe" bildet keine stratigraphische Einheit, die Korrelation phie rocks of the Read Group and its autochthonous Late Pre­ ihrer Formationen bleibt unklar. Wahrscheinlich gehören ihre vier Formationen cambrian sedimentary cover (Watts Needle Formation); zu verschiedenen Einheiten: Die Stcphcnson-Bastion- und Wyeth-Heights-For­ (ii) the alloehthonous nappe unit formed of metasediments of mationen sind wahrscheinlich präkambrisch. Die spätpräkambrische Watts­ the former Turnpike Bluff Group (i.e. Stephenson Bastion For­ Needle-Fonnation ist als selbstständige Einheit völlig abzutrennen: sie liegt diskordant der Read-Gruppe auf. Ihr Hangendes bildet. getrennt durch eine mation, Wyeth Heights Formation, and Mount Wegener Forma­ Überschiebung. die Mount-Wegener-Formation. Unterkambrische Fossilien tion); (Oldhamia S1' .. Epiphvton sp., Botomaellat r} SI'. und Echinodermen) wurden (iii) the northern belt, consisting of basement rocks of the Pio­ in der Mount-Wegener-Formation in den Read-Mountains gefunden. neers Group and Stratton Group and their autoehthonous sedi­ Mittelkambrische Trilobitenschiefer der Haskard-Highlands-Formation liegen mentary cover of the Ordoviciaru") Blaiklock Glacier Group. a111 Mount-Provender vermutlich mit gestörtem Kontakt auf dem Basement The nature of the Middle Cambrian trilobite shales at Mount Komplex auf. Sie werden von der Blaiklock-Glacier-Gruppe Überlagert. Ein Provender (Haskard Highlands Formation) within this belt is still ordovizisches Alter dieser Gruppe ist aufgrund von Trilobitenspuren. geringer unclear (autochthonous, erratic, or allochthonous?). Inklination des paläomagnetischen Feldes und der Ähnlichkeit zu basalen Ein­ heiten der Tafelberg-Gruppe in SÜdafrika wahrscheinlich. Therefore, the stratigraphy of the metasediments of the Shack­ Faziell repräsentiert die Watts-Needle-Formation eine epikontinentale leton Range will be dealt with in this paper in the order of their Schelfsedimentation: die Mount-Wegener-Formation dürfte in einem tectono-stratigraphic position (Fig. 2b). This paper is based on intrakontinentalen Back-arc-basin abgelagert worden sein. während die Blaiklock-Glacier-Gruppe ein typisches Molassesediment des Ross-Orogens field work carried out by W. Buggisch and G. Kleinschmidt darstellt. during the German GEISHA Expedition in the Shackleton Ran­ Prof. Dr.\Verner Buggiseh, Geologisches Institutder UniversitätErlangen. Schloßgar• ge during the austral summer of 1987/88. The sedimentary pe­ tcn 5. D-91 054 Erlangen. trography is discussed by W. Buggisch, the palaeomagnetic in­ Prof. Dr. Gcorz Klcinschmidt, Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institutder Universität Frankfurt Senckenberganlage 32, D-6'-0325 Frankfurt/~Iain. vestigations by J. Pohl, KlAr analyses by H. Kreuzer, and Rbl + Dr. Axel Hohndorf. Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe. Stillewes 2. D-30655 Hannover. '- Sr analyses by A. Höhndorf. The paper focusses on the strati­ o Dr. Jean Pohl, Institut für Allgemeine und Angewandte Geophysik der Universität graphy and facies of the unmetamorphosed to low-grade meta­ München. Theresicnstraße 4 I/IV. D-80333 München. Manuscriprreceived 12 Deeember 1993: accepted 3 May 1994. morphic sedimentary cover. 9 o 500km t=:=:==:I x x x -+---------------\900E Antarctica x And en - Orog en x x Croton Fig. 1: Location rnap of the Shackleton Range, Antarc­ tica (after KLEINSCHMIDT 1989). Ellsworth- Orogen __ Paci fic margin of the eroton ----- Ross - Orogen Abb. 1: Die Lage der Shackleton Range in der Antarktis (nach KLEINSCHMIDT 1989). CLARKSON 1972-1983 MARSH 1983 PAECH 1986 PERMIAN Blaiklock Group ORDOVICIAN Blaiklock Glacier Group Blaiklock Otter Highland Fm. Turnpike Bluff pelites and CAMBRIAN Glacier intermediate strata Group siltstones Group Mt. Provender Fm. Wyeth Heights Fm. LATE Turnpike Stephenson Bastion Watts Needle Turnpike Bluff PRECAMBRIAN Bluff Fm. Group Flett Crags Fm. Fig. 2a: Stratigraphy of the Shackleton Range accor­ Group Mt. Weaener Fm. ding to data from the litcrature. PRECAMBRIAN Shackleton Range Basement Basement Metamorphie Complex Complex Complex Abb. 2a: Die Stratigraphie der Shackleton Range nach den bisherigen Literaturangaben. Reference is made to methods (e.g. KlAr), maps Ce.g. the Read The Read Group falls in the early part of the Late Precambrian. Mountains) and results described in other papers in this volu­ No younger dates were obtained from the metamorphic base­ me, (e.g, BUGGISCH et al. 1994, KLEINSCHMIDT & BUGGISCH 1994). ment of the Read Mountains. The basement rocks are uncon­ formably overlain by Late Precambrian sediments of the Watts Needle Formation. 2. THE SHACKLETON RANGE METAMORPHIC COM­ In contrast, the Precambrian basement of the Pioneers and Strat­ PLEX ton Groups was strongly affected and rejuvenated during the Ross Orogeny. It is unconformably overlain by red beds belon­ The Precambrian "Shackleton Range Metamorphie Cornplex" ging to the Ordovician Blaiklock Glacier Group. The Pioneer CCLARKSON 1982a) can be divided into the Read Group in the and Stratton Groups differ from the Read Group in their meta­ southeast and into the Pioneers and Stratton Groups in the morphic history and plate tectonic setting CBUGGISCH et al. 1994, north CFig. 4). KLEINSCHMIDT & BUGGISCH 1994). 10 South North new evidence from tuffaceous JURASSIC pelites and K-Ar arenites Blaiklock Palaeomagnetism ORDOVICIAN Glacier Group deformation trace fossils - C K-Ar A UPPER 1111111111111 M Haskard ~ MIDDLE Highlands Fm. I Mt. Wegener Rb-Sr A LOWER 1111I11111111 N Formation K-Ar ? Watts Needle LATE Stephenson Formation K-Ar and Rb-Sr PRECAMBRIAN Bastion + Wyeth Heights Stratton Read Formations Fig. 2b: Revised stratigraphy of the Shackleton Range. PRECAMBRIAN and Pioneers Group Groups Abb. 2b: RevidierteStratigraphie der Shackleton Range. -- - AT + ooooo~-- Fig. 3: The structure of the Shackleton Range. RN BEL T Abb. 3: Das tektonische Bauprinzip der Shackleton Range. 3.AUTOCHTHONOUS SEDIMENTS ON THE EAST­ 3.1 The Sandstone Member ANTARCTIC CRATON: THE WATTS NEEDLE FORMA­ TION The Sandstone Member of the Watts Needle Formation rests unconformably on the deeply weathered and peneplained Read The Watts Needle Formation was first described as the basal unit Group (CLARKSON 1982a, PAECH 1982, MARSH 1983a). Intense of the Mount Wegener Formation ("Turnpike BluffGroup") by Late Precambrian chemical weathering led to oxidation of bio­ CLARKSON (1972, 1982b) and later formally established as a se­ tite, decomposition
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