DOCSLIB.ORG

The Suess Effect in Fiji Coral Δ13c and Its Potential As a Tracer of Anthropogenic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Suess Effect in Fiji Coral Δ13c and Its Potential As a Tracer of Anthropogenic Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 370 (2013) 30–40 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo The Suess effect in Fiji coral δ13C and its potential as a tracer of anthropogenic CO2 uptake Emilie P. Dassié a,b,⁎, Gavin M. Lemley a, Braddock K. Linsley b a Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA b Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9w, P.O. Box 1000 Palisades, NY 10964, USA article info abstract Article history: In the context of increasing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, determining the rate of oceanic CO2 uptake is of high Received 14 May 2012 interest. Centennial-scale changes in δ13C of the surface water dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) reservoir have Received in revised form 13 November 2012 been shown to be influenced by the carbon isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2. However, the availability Accepted 17 November 2012 of direct oceanic δ13C measurements is limited and methods for reconstructing past δ13Cvariabilityoftheoceanic Available online 27 November 2012 DIC are needed. Geochemical reconstructions of DIC variability can help in understanding how the ocean has reacted to historical changes in the carbon cycle. This study explores the potential of using temporal variations Keywords: δ13 fi δ13 Coral in Cmeasuredin ve Fijian Porites corals for reconstructing oceanic C variability. A centennial-scale de- 13 13 Carbon isotope creasing δ C trend is observed in these Fiji corals. Other studies have linked similar decreasing δ C trends to “13 ” CO2 anthropogenic changes in the atmospheric carbon reservoir (the C Suess effect ). We conclude that solar irra- Suess effect diance is the factor influencing the δ13C cycle on a seasonal scale, however it is not responsible for the Dissolved inorganic carbon centennial-scale decreasing δ13C trend. In addition, variations in skeletal extension rate are not found to account Fiji for centennial-scale δ13C variability in these corals. Rather, we found that water depth at which a Fijian Porites Water depth colony calcifies influences both δ13C and extension rate mean values. The water depth-δ13C relationship induces Skeletal extension rate a dampening effect on the centennial-scale decreasing δ13C trend. We removed this “water depth effect” from 13 13 13 the δ C composite, resulting in a truer representation of δ C variability of the Fiji surface water DIC (δ CFiji-DIC). 13 The centennial-scale trend in this Fiji coral composite δ CFiji-DIC time-seriessharessimilaritieswithatmospheric δ13 13 δ13 fi CCO2,implicatingthe C Suess effect as the source of the this coral C trend. Additionally, our study nds that the δ13C variability between the atmosphere and the ocean in this region is not synchronous; the coral δ13C response is delayed by ~10 years. This agrees with the previously established model of isotopic δ13 disequilibrium between atmospheric CCO2 and oceanic surface water DIC. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction isotopes of both C and O during the hydration and hydroxylation of CO2 (McConnaughey, 1989b). This effect produces a simultaneous depletion Many massive scleractinian corals are known to be high-quality ar- of 13Cand18O in coral skeleton relative to the composition of ambient chives for paleoclimate reconstruction due to their capacity to incorpo- seawater (McConnaughey, 1986, 1989b). Metabolic fractionation induces rate geochemical tracers into their aragonite skeletons (see Druffel, additional changes in the skeletal δ13C due to the processes of photosyn- 1997; Corrège, 2006; Pandolfi,2011for reviews). Various proxies, such thesis and respiration (coral/algae symbiotic system) (McConnaughey, as skeletal Sr/Ca and δ18O have been shown to be accurate tracers of 1989a; Grottoli and Wellington, 1999; Grottoli, 2000). These metabolic ef- 18 water temperature and δ Osw at many sites (Corrège, 2006 for a re- fects are controlled by external environmental factors, which indirectly view). However, because of the influence of both kinetic and metabolic affect coral δ13C. effects, the interpretation of the carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of In addition to the influence of metabolic and kinetic effects, decadal- coral skeleton is more complex (McConnaughey, 1989a, 1989b; and centennial-scale changes in δ13C of the surface water DIC are Grottoli and Wellington, 1999; Grottoli, 2000). The kinetic effect is a reflected in coral δ13C records (Swart et al., 1996a,b; Quinn et al., physical process occurring during the incorporation of dissolved inorgan- 1998; Linsley et al., 1999, 2000; Asami et al., 2005; Wei et al., 2009; ic carbon (DIC) inside the coral's aragonite skeleton (McConnaughey, Swartetal.,2010). These changes in the isotopic composition of the sur- 1989b). Kinetic fractionation results from discrimination against heavy face water DIC are influenced by the carbon isotopic composition of at- mospheric CO2 (Druffel and Benavides, 1986). A solid understanding of the relationship between atmospheric CO and changes in the DIC is ⁎ Corresponding author at: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 2 fi 61 Route 9w, P.O. Box 1000 Palisades, NY 10964, USA. Tel.: +1 518 210 6702. needed to re ne oceanic CO2 uptake dynamics, which is vital in the con- 13 E-mail address: [email protected] (E.P. Dassié). text of ongoing global change. Monitoring of δ C in surface water DIC 0031-0182/$ – see front matter © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.11.012 E.P. Dassié et al. / Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 370 (2013) 30–40 31 has only recently begun (Quay et al., 1992), thus coral-derived δ13C below this depth every other 1 mm sample was analyzed. Analysis data, could provide a means to reconstruct centennial-scale surface of every other 1 mm sample resulted in a resolution of about 6 to 7 water DIC variability after a thorough assessment of all factors affecting samples per year. Replicate samples were analyzed every 8 samples mean annual δ13C. (every 16 samples after 200 mm). The average difference between Many studies have reported a secular-scale decreasing trend in duplicate δ13C analyses of 735 samples (for all cores) was 0.066‰. coral δ13C over the 20th century that has been attributed to the addi- Samples of international standard NBS-19 were interspersed every 13 tion of C-depleted CO2 into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil ~10 samples. The standard deviation of 1,039 NBS-19 standards ana- fuels and deforestation, and the subsequent influx of this 13C-deplet- lyzed for δ13C was ±0.016‰. ed CO2 into the ocean (Keeling et al., 1980; Swart et al., 1996a,b; Quinn et al., 1998; Linsley et al., 1999; Asami et al., 2005; Wei et al., 2.3. Chronology 2009; Swart et al., 2010). In this study we explore intracolonial δ13C variability using a network of coral cores from Fiji (~17° S,~180° W). The annual character of coral density banding (see Lough and δ13 The generation of a coral composite C reconstruction permits the ex- Barnes, 1989; Barnes and Lough, 1993 for reviews) has proven useful δ13 traction of a clearer signal of regional C variability, which is used to at many sites for developing an accurate coral chronology (Knutson evaluate the isotopic variability of Fiji surface water DIC over time. et al., 1972). Density bands for the corals in this study are not always This will provide a better look at possible factors responsible for oceanic distinct, therefore counting the number of growth bands is ineffective δ13 C variability. for making an accurate chronology. However, the clear annual cycle (~8 to 15 mm·yr−1) in the δ18O data from Fiji Porites allows for the 2. Materials and methods construction of an accurate down-core chronology (see Linsley et al., 2004, 2006). The lightest (most negative) δ18O value in each 2.1. Coral collection and sampling seasonal cycle was attributed to the warmest month of the year and the heaviest (most positive) value to the coldest. Linsley et al. Five coral cores from different regions of Fiji were utilized for this (2004, 2006) established chronologies for cores 1F and AB, whereas study (see Table 1). Linsley et al. (2004, 2006, 2008) and Dassié Dassié (2012) established chronologies for FVB1, 16F, and FVB2. fi (2012) provide detailed descriptions of these cores and sampling loca- This method has been veri ed by Sr/Ca measurements on coral core tions. The coral cores were cut into ~7-mm-thick slabs at the University 1F (Linsley et al., 2004). at Albany-SUNY with a modified tile saw. The slabs were X-rayed with an HP cabinet X-ray system at 35 kV for 90 s, then the X-ray negatives 2.4. Skeletal extension rate were scanned to generate X-ray positives. Density bands and growth axes were visible on the X-ray positives, which allowed us to determine Skeletal extension rates were determined by counting the number the sampling tracks and to identify signs of diagenesis. Slabs were of millimeters between two consecutive δ18O minima (~two consecu- cleaned in an ultrasonic bath of deionized water for 30 min. Coral tive Januarys in each δ18O record). The error associated with this meth- cores FVB1, 16F and FVB2 were also cleaned with a high-energy od is ±1 mm for the top-most (youngest) 200 samples and ±2 mm (500 W, 20 kHz) probe sonicator in a deionized water bath, for approx- below that depth when every other 1-mm sample were analyzed. imately 10 min on each slab face. The dried slabs were sampled using a low-speed micro-drill with a 1-mm-round diamond drill bit along the 3. Results and discussion maximum growth axis in tracks (U-shaped groves) parallel to corallite fi 13 traces, as identi ed in X-ray positives.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Forensic Radiocarbon Dating of Human Remains: the Past, the Present, and the Future
    AEFS 1.1 (2017) 3–16 Archaeological and Environmental Forensic Science ISSN (print) 2052-3378 https://doi.org.10.1558/aefs.30715 Archaeological and Environmental Forensic Science ISSN (online) 2052-3386 Forensic Radiocarbon Dating of Human Remains: The Past, the Present, and the Future Fiona Brock1 and Gordon T. Cook2 1. Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University 2. Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre [email protected] Radiocarbon dating is a valuable tool for the forensic examination of human remains in answering questions as to whether the remains are of forensic or medico-legal interest or archaeological in date. The technique is also potentially capable of providing the year of birth and/or death of an individual. Atmospheric radiocarbon levels are cur- rently enhanced relative to the natural level due to the release of large quantities of radiocarbon (14C) during the atmospheric nuclear weapons testing of the 1950s and 1960s. This spike, or “bomb-pulse,” can, in some instances, provide precision dates to within 1–2 calendar years. However, atmospheric 14C activity has been declining since the end of atmospheric weapons testing in 1963 and is likely to drop below the natural level by the mid-twenty-first century, with implications for the application of radio- carbon dating to forensic specimens. Introduction Radiocarbon dating is most routinely applied to archaeological and environmental studies, but in some instances can be a very powerful tool for forensic specimens. Radiocarbon (14C) is produced naturally in the upper atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays on nitrogen-14 (14N). The 14C produced is rapidly oxidised to carbon dioxide, which then either enters the terrestrial biosphere via photosynthesis and proceeds along the food chain via herbivores and omnivores, and subsequently car- nivores, or exchanges into marine reservoirs where it again enters the food chain by photosynthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • 775 Carbon Isotopes in Tree Rings
    Carbon Isotopes in Tree Rings: Climate and the Suess Effect Interferences in the Last 400 Years Item Type Proceedings; text Authors Pazdur, Anna; Nakamura, Toshio; Pawełczyk, Sławomira; Pawlyta, Jacek; Piotrowska, Natalia; Rakowski, Andrzej; Sensuła, Barbara; Szczepanek, Małgorzata Citation Pazdur, A., Nakamura, T., Pawełczyk, S., Pawlyta, J., Piotrowska, N., Rakowski, A., ... & Szczepanek, M. (2007). Carbon isotopes in tree rings: Climate and the Suess effect interferences in the last 400 years. Radiocarbon, 49(2), 775-788. DOI 10.1017/S003382220004265X Publisher Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona Journal Radiocarbon Rights Copyright © by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona. All rights reserved. Download date 28/09/2021 01:19:46 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/653831 RADIOCARBON, Vol 49, Nr 2, 2007, p 775–788 © 2007 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona CARBON ISOTOPES IN TREE RINGS: CLIMATE AND THE SUESS EFFECT INTERFERENCES IN THE LAST 400 YEARS Anna Pazdur1,2 • Toshio Nakamura3 • S≥awomira Pawe≥czyk1 • Jacek Pawlyta1 • Natalia Piotrowska1 • Andrzej Rakowski1,3 • Barbara Sensu≥a1 • Ma≥gorzata Szczepanek1 ABSTRACT. New records of δ13C and ∆14C values in annual rings of pine and oak from different sites around the world were obtained with a time resolution of 1 yr. The results obtained for Europe (Poland), east Asia (Japan), and South America (Peru) are presented in this paper. The δ13C and radiocarbon concentration of α-cellulose from annual tree rings of pine and of the latewood of oak were measured by both accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and liquid scintillation spectrometry (LSC).
    [Show full text]
  • History of Radiocarbon Dating
    HISTORY OF RADIOCARBON DATING W.F. LIBBY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, CALIF. , UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Abstract HISTORY OF RADIOCARBON DATING. The development is traced of radiocarbon dating from its birth in curiosity regarding the.effects of cosmic radiation on Earth. Discussed in historical perspective are: the significance of the initial measurements in determining the course of developments; the advent of the low- level counting technique; attempts to avoid low-level counting by the use of isotopic enrichment; the gradual appearance of the environmental effect due to the combustion of fossil fuel (Suess effect); recognition of the atmosphere ocean barrier for carbon dioxide exchange; detailed understanding of the mixing mechanism from the study of fallout radiocarbon; determination of the new half-life; indexing and the assimilation problem foi the massive accumulation of dates; and the proliferation of measure­ ment techniques and the impact of archaeological insight on the validity of radiocarbon dates. INTRODUCTION The neutron-induced transmutation of atmospheric nitrogen to radiocarbon, which is the basis of radiocarbon dating, was discovered at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley in the early thirties. Kurie [la] , followed by Bonner and Brubaker [lb] , and Burcham and Goldhaber [lc] , found that the irradiation of air in a cloud chamber with neutrons caused proton recoil tracks which were shown to be due to the nitrogen in the air, and in particular to the abundant isotope of nitrogen of mass 14. The neutrons producing the tracks appeared to be of thermal, or of near thermal energy, and the energy of the proton therefore gave the mass of the 14C produced; from this it was concluded that the beta decay of 14C to reform 14N from l4C should release 170 kV energy (2.
    [Show full text]
  • Simulating Oceanic Radiocarbon with the FAMOUS GCM: Implications for Its Use As a Proxy for Ventilation and Carbon Uptake Jennifer E
    https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-365 Preprint. Discussion started: 7 October 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. Simulating oceanic radiocarbon with the FAMOUS GCM: implications for its use as a proxy for ventilation and carbon uptake Jennifer E. Dentith1, Ruza F. Ivanovic1, Lauren J. Gregoire1, Julia C. Tindall1, Laura F. Robinson2, and Paul J. Valdes3 5 1School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, LS2 9JT 2School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, BS8 1RJ 3School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, BS8 1SS Correspondence to: Jennifer E. Dentith ([email protected]) 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-365 Preprint. Discussion started: 7 October 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. Abstract. Constraining ocean circulation and its temporal variability is crucial for understanding changes in surface climate and the carbon cycle. Radiocarbon (14C) is often used as a geochemical tracer of ocean circulation, but interpreting ∆14C in geological archives is complex. Isotope-enabled models enable us to directly compare simulated ∆14C values to Δ14C measurements and investigate plausible mechanisms for the observed signals. We have added three new tracers (water age, 5 abiotic 14C, and biotic 14C) to the ocean component of the FAMOUS General Circulation Model to study large-scale ocean circulation and the marine carbon cycle. Following a 10,000 year spin-up, we prescribed the Suess effect (the isotopic imprint of anthropogenic fossil fuel burning) and the bomb pulse (the isotopic imprint of thermonuclear weapons testing) in a transient simulation spanning 1765 to 2000 CE.
    [Show full text]
  • Establishment and Formation of Fog‐Dependent Tillandsia Landbeckii
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 116, G03033, doi:10.1029/2010JG001521, 2011 Establishment and formation of fog‐dependent Tillandsia landbeckii dunes in the Atacama Desert: Evidence from radiocarbon and stable isotopes Claudio Latorre,1,2 Angélica L. González,1,2 Jay Quade,3 José M. Fariña,1 Raquel Pinto,4 and Pablo A. Marquet1,2 Received 16 August 2010; revised 23 May 2011; accepted 9 June 2011; published 14 September 2011. [1] Extensive dune fields made up exclusively of the bromeliad Tillandsia landbeckii thrive in the Atacama Desert, one of the most extreme landscapes on earth. These plants survive by adapting exclusively to take in abundant advective fog and dew as moisture sources. Although some information has been gathered regarding their modern distribution and adaptations, very little is known about how these dune systems actually form and accumulate over time. We present evidence based on 20 radiocarbon dates for the establishment age and development of five different such dune systems located along a ∼215 km transect in northern Chile. Using stratigraphy, geochronology and stable C and N isotopes, we (1) develop an establishment chronology of these ecosystems, (2) explain how the unique T. landbeckii dunes form, and (3) link changes in foliar d15N values to moisture availability in buried fossil T. landbeckii layers. We conclude by pointing out the potential that these systems have for reconstructing past climate change along coastal northern Chile during the late Holocene. Citation: Latorre, C., A. L. González, J. Quade, J. M. Fariña, R. Pinto, and P. A. Marquet (2011), Establishment and formation of fog‐dependent Tillandsia landbeckii dunes in the Atacama Desert: Evidence from radiocarbon and stable isotopes, J.
    [Show full text]
  • Lamont Radiocarbon Measurements Vi* Wallace S
    Voi. 1, 1959, P. 111-1.32] [AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE RADIOCARBON SUPPLEMENT, LAMONT RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS VI* WALLACE S. BROECKER and EDWIN A. OLSON York Lamont Geological Observatory (Columbia University), Palisades, New In contrast to previous radiocarbon measurement lists, this list contains ten years. The only known-age samples, most of which formed during the past the dis- measurements were made largely in order to gain an understanding of today and tribution of radiocarbon within the dynamic carbon reservoir both do not at times in the past. Since all materials forming in this reservoir today in order to have the same C14/C12 ratio, such an understanding is necessary the most accurate possible estimate of the age of samples submitted arrive at <100 for dating. This is particularly important when high accuracy (i.e., years error) is required on subaerially grown samples and also when attempt- than the ing to extend the method to samples which formed in reservoirs other atmosphere (for example, the ocean and freshwater systems). The data in this list are not reported with the idea of drawing new con- elsewhere. clusions, for such conclusions as are possible have been reported (1) However, republication in such a list as this has the following advantages: world if all laboratories summarize their measurements in this manner, the in data on C14/C12 ratios in contemporary materials will be brought together by referenc- one place, in the same form, and in the same system of units; (2) a ing the technical articles in which the data are discussed, the lists will act as bibliography for such literature; (3) the summaries will be transferred direct- Inc., allow- ly to the punch cards published by Radiocarbon Dates Association, (4) such ing a more complete and uniform coverage of the available data; and lists encourage the publication of isolated measurements which might otherwise remain in the files of individual radiocarbon laboratories.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes to Carbon Isotopes in Atmospheric CO2 Over the Industrial Era and Into the Future
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title Changes to Carbon Isotopes in Atmospheric CO2 Over the Industrial Era and Into the Future. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jr069wc Journal Global biogeochemical cycles, 34(11) ISSN 0886-6236 Authors Graven, Heather Keeling, Ralph F Rogelj, Joeri Publication Date 2020-11-15 DOI 10.1029/2019gb006170 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California COMMISSIONED Changes to Carbon Isotopes in Atmospheric CO2 Over MANUSCRIPT the Industrial Era and Into the Future 10.1029/2019GB006170 Heather Graven1,2 , Ralph F. Keeling3 , and Joeri Rogelj2,4 Key Points: 1 2 • Carbon isotopes, 14C and 13C, in Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK, Grantham Institute for Climate Change and the 3 atmospheric CO2 are changing in Environment, Imperial College London, London, UK, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San response to fossil fuel emissions and Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, 4ENE Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria other human activities • Future simulations using different SSPs show continued changes in “ ” isotopic ratios that depend on fossil Abstract In this Grand Challenges paper, we review how the carbon isotopic composition of 13 fuel emissions and, for C, atmospheric CO2 has changed since the Industrial Revolution due to human activities and their influence on BECCS 14 the natural carbon cycle, and we provide new estimates of possible future changes for a range of • Applications using atmospheric C 13 12 and 13C in studies of the carbon scenarios. Emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion and land use change reduce the ratio of C/ Cin 13 12 cycle or other fields will be affected atmospheric CO2 (δ CO2).
    [Show full text]
  • SMOKE and FUMES the Legal and Evidentiary Basis for Holding Big Oil Accountable for the Climate Crisis
    SMOKE AND FUMES The Legal and Evidentiary Basis for Holding Big Oil Accountable for the Climate Crisis SMOKE AND FUMES THE LEGAL AND EVIDENTIARY BASIS FOR HOLDING BIG OIL ACCOUNTABLE FOR THE CLIMATE CRISIS “He who can but does not prevent, sins.” –Antoine Loysel, 1607 “Victory Will Be Achieved When…Average citizens ‘understand’ (recognize) uncertainties in climate science; recognition of uncertainties becomes part of the ‘conventional wisdom’ [and]…Those promoting the Kyoto treaty on the basis of extant science appear to be out of touch with reality.” –American Petroleum Institute, 1998 NOVEMBER 2017 ii CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW © 2017 Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) About CIEL Founded in 1989, the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) uses the power of law to protect the environment, promote human rights, and ensure a just and sustainable society. CIEL is dedicated to advocacy in the global public interest through legal counsel, policy research, analysis, education, training, and capacity building. Smoke and Fumes: The Legal and Evidentiary Basis for Holding Big Oil Accountable for the Climate Crisis by The Center for International Environmental Law is licensed under a Cre- ative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Acknowledgements This report was authored by Carroll Muffett and Steven Feit and edited by Amanda Kistler and Marie Mekosh, with additional contributions by Lisa Anne Hamilton. Many people have contributed to the Smoke and Fumes research over the last five years through insights, comments, and sharing of their own research, including Kristin Casper, Kert Davies, Brenda Ekwurzel, Peter Frumhoff, Lili Fuhr, Richard Heede, Kathryn Mulvey, Naomi Oreskes, Dan Zegart, and others.
    [Show full text]
  • 823 Radiocarbon in the Air of Central Europe
    Radiocarbon in the Air of Central Europe: Long-Term Investigations Item Type Proceedings; text Authors Svetlik, I.; Povinec, P. P.; Molnár, M.; Vána, M.; Šivo, A.; Bujtás, T Citation Svetlik, I., Povinec, P. P., Molnár, M., Vána, M., Šivo, A., & Bujtás, T. (2010). Radiocarbon in the air of central Europe: Long-term investigations. Radiocarbon, 52(2), 823-834. DOI 10.1017/S0033822200045847 Publisher Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona Journal Radiocarbon Rights Copyright © by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona. All rights reserved. Download date 28/09/2021 04:26:09 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/654311 RADIOCARBON IN THE AIR OF CENTRAL EUROPE: LONG-TERM INVESTIGATIONS I Svetlik1 • P P Povinec2 • M Molnár3 • M Vána4 • A äivo2 • T Bujtás5 ABSTRACT. Regional levels of radiocarbon have been monitored in order to investigate the impact of fossil fuel combus- 14 14 tion on the activity of atmospheric CO2 in central Europe. Data from atmospheric CO2 monitoring stations in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary for the period 2000–2008 are presented and discussed. The Prague and Bratislava monitor- ing stations showed a distinct local Suess effect when compared to the Jungfraujoch clean-air monitoring station. However, during the summer period, statistically insignificant differences were observed between the low-altitude stations and the high- mountain Jungfraujoch station. 14C data from the Hungarian monitoring locality at Dunaföldvár and the Czech monitoring station at Koöetice, which are not strongly affected by local fossil CO2 sources, indicate similar grouping and amplitudes, typ- ical for a regional Suess effect.
    [Show full text]
  • Using the Suess Effect on the Stable Carbon Isotope to Distinguish the Future from the Past in Radiocarbon
    Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Using the Suess effect on the stable carbon isotope to distinguish the future from the past in radiocarbon This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 134.1.1.11 This content was downloaded on 07/12/2016 at 08:00 Please note that terms and conditions apply. You may also be interested in: Simulating the Earth system response to negative emissions C D Jones, P Ciais, S J Davis et al. Drivers and patterns of land biosphere carbon balance reversal Christoph Müller, Elke Stehfest, Jelle G van Minnen et al. Response of ocean acidification to a gradual increase and decrease of atmospheric CO2 Long Cao, Han Zhang, Meidi Zheng et al. Iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated CO2 removal experiment Judith Hauck, Peter Köhler, Dieter Wolf-Gladrow et al. The effectiveness of net negative carbon dioxide emissions in reversing anthropogenic climate change Katarzyna B Tokarska and Kirsten Zickfeld Assessing the implications of human land-use change for the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions C T Simmons and H D Matthews Impacts devalue the potential of large-scale terrestrial CO2 removal through biomass plantations L R Boysen, W Lucht, D Gerten et al. Sensitivity of ocean acidification and oxygen to the uncertainty in climate change Long Cao, Shuangjing Wang, Meidi Zheng et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Admixture on the C Level in Atmospheric CO2 Has Been Investigated by Many Researchers
    [RADIOCARBON, VOL 28, No. 2A, 1986, P 655-660] REGIONAL SUESS EFFECT IN THE UPPER SILESIA URBAN AREA ROMUALI) AWSIUK and MIECZYSLAW F PAZDUR Radiocarbon Laboratory, Silesian Technical University, Krzywoustego 2 PL-44-100 Gliwice, Poland ABSTRACT. The study of a regional Suess effect is based on three sets of samples of atmo- spheric Cn2: 1) a series of samples collected at the same site in Gliwice from 1980 to 1984, 2) samples collected simultaneously at different sites within the limits of an urban and industrial region of Upper Silesia, and samples collected simultaneously outside this region 3? along an 14Ceastern direction. Results of 4C concentration measurements show systematic decrease of with the rate close to the corresponding value for clean air. Depletion of 14C concentra- non was found to be virtually the same in the whole urban area. Analysis of regional synoptic data reveals correlation of individual &4C values with wind direction, frequency of calm, and vertical stability of the atmosphere. INTRODUCTION Since the early studies of Suess (I 955) the effect of fossil fuel CO2 admixture on the C level in atmospheric CO2 has been investigated by many researchers. Global increase of the CO2 concentration in the atmo- sphere due to fossil fuel combustion has been described by Keeling (1973). The global Suess effect has been studied intensively in recent years, includ- ing both high-precision measurements of '4C in tree rings from the last cen- tury (cf Tans, de Jong & Mook,1979) and model predictions of present and 14C future levels in global reservoirs (Bacastow & Keeling, 1973; Oeschger et al, 1975; Stuiver & Quay, 1981).
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics at SPRUCE Revealed Through Stable Isotopes in Peat Profiles
    Biogeosciences, 14, 2481–2494, 2017 www.biogeosciences.net/14/2481/2017/ doi:10.5194/bg-14-2481-2017 © Author(s) 2017. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Long-term carbon and nitrogen dynamics at SPRUCE revealed through stable isotopes in peat profiles Erik A. Hobbie1, Janet Chen1,2, Paul J. Hanson3, Colleen M. Iversen3, Karis J. McFarlane4, Nathan R. Thorp1, and Kirsten S. Hofmockel5,6 1Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, USA 2Soil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Agriculture & Biotechnology Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria 3Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA 4Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94551, USA 5Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA 6Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA Correspondence to: Erik A. Hobbie ([email protected]) Received: 21 July 2016 – Discussion started: 6 September 2016 Revised: 15 February 2017 – Accepted: 28 March 2017 – Published: 17 May 2017 Abstract. Peatlands encode information about past vegeta- tion may increase in importance. Low δ13C and high δ15N tion dynamics, climate, and microbial processes. Here, we at −213 and −225 cm (∼ 8500 years BP) corresponded to a used δ15N and δ13C patterns from 16 peat profiles to deduce warm period during a sedge-dominated rich fen stage. The how the biogeochemistry of the Marcell S1 forested bog in above processes appear to be the primary drivers of the ob- northern Minnesota responded to environmental and vege- served isotopic patterns, whereas there was no clear evidence tation change over the past ∼ 10 000 years.
    [Show full text]