Housing and Amenities
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
CENSUS OF INDIA 1991 Occasional Paper No. S of 1994 HOUSING AND AMENITIES A data base on housing and amenities for Districts, Cities and Towns Demography, Trainin7and Data Disseminati~n Division Office of the Registrar General/ & Census Commissioner, India CONTENTS Page Preface 3 Explanatory Note Table-I Number of households and percentage of Households 11-14 occupying pucca, Semi-pucca and Kutcha census houses IndialStateslUnion Territories Table-2 Number of households and percentage of Households 15-64 occupying pucca, Semi-pucca and Kutcha census houses India! State/ District! Urban Agglomeration/ City Table-3 Proportion (per cent) of households having Electricity 65-70 Safe drinking water and Toilet facilities - India!StateslUnion Territories Table-4 Proportion (per cent) of households having Electricity 71-224 Safe drinking water and Toilet facilities- India! State/ District! Urban Agglomeration/ City/ Town Table-S Per cent distribution of households by type of fuel used for cooking 22S-230 India! States/ Union Territories Table-6 Per cent distribution of households by type of fuel used for cooking 231-377 India! State/ District! Urban Agglomeration/ City/ Town PREFACE During the houselisting operations conducted prior to the 1991 Census, information on type of housing and amenities available to the households were collected. These included data on materials used for construction of the house in which the household is living, availability of electricity, source of drinking water, availability of toilet iacilities within the premises and type of fuel used for cooking. The H - Series tables on houses and amenities provide data on these aspects and have already been released. To make use of these data for policy formulation and research purposes, it is necessary to convert them into suitable indicators. Paper 2 of 1993, Housing and Amenities - A brief analysis of housing tables of 1991 Census had presented a number of such indicators at the national· and state levels. This publication is a further step in this direction. It provides for districts, cities and towns the distribution of households by type of housing, by availability of amenities and by type of fuel used for cooking. I hope that this publication will be of use to planners, administrators and researchers, particularly those concerned with local area statistics, in the area of housing and provision of amenities like electricity, safe water supply etc. This publication was prepared in the Demography, Training and Data Dissemination Division by Shri K. Narayanan Unni, Senior Research Officer and Shri P. K. Sreedharan, Research Officer under the guidance of Shri K. S. Natarajan, Deputy Registrar General. The compilation of data, calculations and preparation of camera ready copy were done by Shri H. K. Kaushal, Investigator with the assistance of Shri Bansi Lal, Smt. Dipali Bose, Smt. Madhu Sabni and Kum. Ashoka Chatterjee, Computers. I would like to place on record my appreciation of the work done by them. New Delhi Dr. M. VIJAYANUNNI December 1994 Registrar General, India EXPLANATORY NOTE Population Census of India is a In 1991 Census, House listing massive operation. As a preparatory step to operations were conducted during April Census, a house listing operation was carried out September 1990 in different States and Union to locate and identify all the structures/ places Territories. On the basis of the data collected in that are occupied or used or which are likely to the house list schedule, six main tables were be occupied or used by people at the time of produced and have been released. These are Census. This operation was completed a few called the H-Series tables. The present paper is months before each Census. Till 1951 Census, based on table H-2 (Appendix) and tables H-4 each state of India was free to adopt its own and H-6. Table H-2 (Appendix) presents the house-list forms and defmitions resulting in data distribution of households by predominant that were incomparable across the states. In the material of roof, wall and floorof the residential 1961 Census, it was decided to canvass a houses occupied by them. Tables H-4 to H-6 standard house list form using uniform provide data on amenities available to household defmitions all over India to make the data usable. and the type of fuel used for cooking at District, Only few questions, like the purpose for which Tehsil and Town level. Table H-4 gives the Census houses were put to, the material of wall distribution of households by tenure status of the and floor and information regarding house occupied and availability of electricity and establishment were canvassed in the 1961 toilet to the household. Tables H-4 SC and H-4 Census at the time of house listing. In the 1971 ST give similar information for scheduled castes Census also similar questions were canvassed at and scheduled tribes households respectively. the time of houselisting. However, a separate Table H-5 relates to households classifIed by establishment schedule was also canvassed source of drinking water, availability of during this operation. In the 1981 Census, the electricity and toilet facilities. Similar house Jist schedule was reduced to the minimum. information for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Except information on the use to which the Tribe house-holds are presented in H-5 SC and Census houses were put to and the physically H-5 ST respectively. Table H-6 relates to handicapped persons, no other information was Households by type of fuel used for cooking. collected in the house list. Information on the Tables H-6 SC and H-6 ST respectively provide amenities available to the households was the corresponding distribution for Scheduled collected in a separate household schedule Caste and Scheduled Tribe households. canvassed along with the main Census. In the 1991 Census, house list schedule was One of the objectives of planning considerably expanded and canvassed at the time process is to provide housing to the population. of houselist as was done in 1961 and 1971 Analysis of data on the present state of affairs on Censuses. It had 22 items of information, like this aspect is the initial step in this endeavour. purpose for which the Census house is used, The census has collected information on the predominant material used for construction of types of material used for construction of the wall, roof and floor, tenure status and amenities wall, roof and floor of the census house in which available to the households like drinking water, each houst:hold lives in. This information on toilet, electricity and fuel used for cooking. materials used for construction can be used to Questions on the type of fuel used for cooking classify the households according to quality of by the household and availability of toilet housing available to them, which is an indicator facilities in the rural households were canvassed of the physical quality of life. for the fIrst time The main purpQse of collecting the household information at the time of house Linked to the quality of housing are the list operation rather than in the main census was provision of basic amenities like safe drinking to bring out the data on housing and households water, toilet and electricity to the households. quickly. The task has become more difficult with 5 increasing urbanisation and rapid growth of Definitions used cities, towns and urban agglomerations. Safe drinking water is becoming scarce in many cities Census house and towns as the growing population needs more water. Sanitation facilities in cities and towns in A 'Census house' is a building or part of India need a lot of improvement - both a building having a separate main entrance from _ qualitative and quantitative. With the changing the road, common courtyard or staircase, etc., economic scenario and technological advances, used or recognised as a separate unit. It may be electricity has become a necessity than a lUXUry. occupied or vacant. It may be used for Knowledge about the present state of availability residential or non-residential purpose or both. If of these facilities to urban households is very a building has a number of flats or blocks which important for understanding the magnitude of the are independent of one another having separate problem as well as for future planning. entrances of their own from the road, common courtyard or staircase, etc. leading to a main Traditional fuels like wood and coal are gate, they will be considered as separate census becoming scarce commodities. To plan for house. providing fuels which are cost effective and environment friendly, information on the present It may be difficult to apply the pattern of use of fuels at household level is the defmition of census house strictly in certain frrst important step. Apart from this, the type of cases. For example, in an urban area, a flat may fuel used for cooking has a direct relation to the have five rooms, each room having direct health of women since irl most of the houses entrance to the common courtyard or staircase. women do the cooking. Census has attempted to By definition this has to be treated. as five census bridge the gap in the data base by providing a houses. If all these five rooms are occupied by a frame. single household, it is not realistic to treat them as five census houses. In such a case, singleness The present publication is intended to of use of these rooms along with the main house provide data on type of housing, the availability is to be considered and the entire flat may be . of electricity, toilet and safe drinking water to treated as one census house. On the other hand, the households. The distribution of households if two independent households occupy these five by type of housing (classified as pucca, semi rooms, the first household living in three rooms pucca and kutcha) in which they live is presented and the second household occupying two rooms, in table 1 for India and states and in table 2 for then considering the use, the first three rOOIrs all districts, cities and urban agglomerations with together is to be treated as one census house and population 100,000 and above of the country.