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Architect Zlatko Neumann in the Period from 1927 to 1941

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Architect Zlatko Neumann in the Period from 1927 to 1941 PROSTOR 23 [2015] 1 [49] ZNANSTVENI ÈASOPIS ZA ARHITEKTURU I URBANIZAM A SCHOLARLY JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING SVEUÈILIŠTE POSEBNI OTISAK / SEPARAT OFFPRINT U ZAGREBU, ARHITEKTONSKI FAKULTET Znanstveni prilozi Scientific Papers UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB, FACULTY 28-41 Darko Kahle Architect Zlatko Neumann Arhitekt Zlatko Neumann OF ARCHITECTURE Buildings and Projects Realizacije i projekti ISSN 1330-0652 between the World Wars izmeðu dva svjetska rata CODEN PORREV Original Scientific Paper Izvorni znanstveni èlanak UDK | UDC 71/72 UDC 72.036 Z. Neumann (497.5, Zagreb)”19” UDK 72.036 Z. Neumann (497.5, Zagreb)”19” 23 [2015] 1 [49] 1-194 1-6 [2015] Fig. 1. Combined map of a) Europe, b) Croatia and c) Zagreb displaying realizations of Architect Zlatko Neumann in the period from 1927 to 1941. Capital letters correspond with those quoted in Appendix. Sl. 1. Složena karta Europe (a), Hrvatske (b) i Zagreba (c) sa unesenim realizacijama arhitekta Zlatka Neumanna u razdoblju od 1927. do 1941. godine. Brojevi odgovaraju onima koji su navedeni u Dodatku. PROSTOR Scientific Papers | Znanstveni prilozi 23[2015] 1[49] 29 Darko Kahle Office of the Licensed Architect Darko Kahle Ured ovlaštenog arhitekta dr.sc. Darko Kahle HR - 10000 Zagreb, Jurjevska 18 HR - 10000 Zagreb, Jurjevska 18 [email protected] [email protected] Original Scientific Paper Izvorni znanstveni èlanak UDC 72.036 Z. Neumann (497.5, Zagreb)”19” UDK 72.036 Z. Neumann (497.5, Zagreb)”19” Technical Sciences / Architecture and Urban Planning Tehnièke znanosti / Arhitektura i urbanizam 2.01.04. - History and Theory of Architecture 2.01.04. - Povijest i teorija arhitekture and Preservation of the Built Heritage i zaštita graditeljskog naslijeða Article Received / Accepted: 31. 3. 2015. / 9. 6. 2015. Èlanak primljen / prihvaæen: 31. 3. 2015. / 9. 6. 2015. Architect Zlatko Neumann Buildings and Projects between the World Wars Arhitekt Zlatko Neumann Realizacije i projekti izmeðu dva svjetska rata International Style (Modern Architecture) Internacionalni stil (Moderna arhitektura) Jews Židovi Loos, Adolf Loos, Adolf Neumann, Zlatko Neumann, Zlatko Zagreb (Agram) Zagreb (Agram) The importance of Architect Zlatko Neumann’s work between the World Wars Važnost djela arhitekta Zlatka Neumanna izmeðu dva svjetska rata temelji se na is established in his apprenticeship by Architect Adolf Loos, then in transplant- èinjenici da je bio uèenikom, a poslije i suradnikom arhitekta Adolfa Loosa, zatim ing Loos’ ideas in significant parts of Croatian society and finally in overgrow- u presaðivanju znaèajnih dijelova Loosovih ideja u hrvatsko društvo, kako bi ing his late master work by setting new standards in residential architecture, konaèno prerastao svoga uèitelja postavljajuæi nove standarde u stambenoj interior design and to a paradigm which paved the way to schoolhouses, com- arhitekturi i dizajnu interijera koji æe nakon Drugoga svjet skog rata rezultirati munity centers and industrial facilities after the Second World War. paradigmom školskih zgrada, društvenih centara i industrijskih postrojenja. PROSTOR 30 1[49] 23[2015] 28-41 D. KAHLE Architect Zlatko Neumann Scientific Papers | Znanstveni prilozi INTRODUCTION methods based on credence to social welfare solutions; not to mention Architects Bela UVOD Auer, Dr. Pavao Deutsch, Milovan Kovaèeviæ, Vjekoslav Muršec or Ivan Zemljak. BIBLIOGRAPHY & LITERATURE BIBLIOGRAFIJA I LITERATURA Bibliography - It is known so far that Zlatko Neumann published eight articles and one interview about architectural design from 1927 until the end of the Second World War, in German and Croatian languages.3 Due to his relationship with Adolf Loos he was in po- sition to publish his principal article as a fea- ture in Herwarth Walden’s ”Der Sturm”, where he advocated Loos’ principles of the Raumplan4 exemplified by his own project of small house.5 After his abrupt return from Paris to Yugosla- via in 1927 he became an ardent propagator of Loos in Zagreb and elsewhere in Croatia. At the peak of the struggle for Modern Architec- ture in 1930, he publicized his most recent realization in an interview6 and gave refined views on Loos’ work in an article7 in Zagreb’s newspaper ”Novosti” (News). More profound advocacy was shown three years later in eulogies to Adolf Loos in newspapers8 and n spite of many published articles in Croa- I 1 Firstly I would like to thank to reviewers of this article tian and several other languages, there exists and to other editorial staff for their meticulous work to im- no definitive monograph on Zlatko Neu- prove the article and make it more pleasant to the reader. mann.1 His importance as a pupil and a col- Secondly I wish to thank to Prof. Zlatko Juriæ, PhD and to 2 Prof. Zlatko Karaè, PhD for their generous help in progress laborator of Adolf Loos, later in Yugoslavia of the research on Architect Zlatko Neumann. Finally I am as a licensed architect, and at last after the thankful to all members of the City Archives of Zagreb, he- Second World War in many leading architec- aded by former Chairman Prof. Darko Rubèiæ and current tural roles in Yugoslav socialist society is Chairwoman Assistant Professor Živana Heðbeli, PhD. 2 Hereafter the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats surely worth publication in English. Hence a and Slovenes (1918-1929), later Kingdom of Yugoslavia thorough examination of his work was in- (1929-1945), much later Federative People’s Republic of tended in three steps: first was made here Yugoslavia (1945-1963) and at last Socialist Federative Re- regarding timespan between the World Wars, public of Yugoslavia (1963-1992) will be written Yugosla- via for brevity reasons. the second article may cover his work from 3 The official language in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats capturing in German-Yugoslav War in April and Slovenes, later Kingdom of Yugoslavia, was called 1941 until his retirement in 1963, where the mostly Serbo-Croatian, rarely Yugoslav, Serbo-Croato- final article may provide a full in-depth analy- Slovenian and occasionally Croato-Serbian. Hereafter the language written and spoken in Croatian lands and their sis on his complete work. capital city Zagreb (unofficial between 1921 and 1939) will The Architect pertained to influential propo- be called Croatian. 4 The Raumplan or ‘plan of volumes’ may be referred to nents of Modern Architecture in architectural as a split-level organization of a space inside the white community of Zagreb and elsewhere in Croa- unembellished cube-converged box, where single rooms tia at its peak between the year 1927 and or spaces with greater area usually have greater height. 4 1933. Others were Architect Vladimir Šterk as [Loos, 1931: 248, 249; Frampton, 2007 : 93] a mutual leader of an interdisciplinary archi- 5 Neumann, 1927: 1-4 tectural office (with followers Dr. Petar 6 Smolèiæ, 1930: 5 Krajèinoviæ, Dr. Marko Vidakoviæ, Jovan Kor- 7 Neumann, 1930: 21 8 Neumann, 1933a: 22 ka, Ðorðe Krekiæ, Georg Kiveroff, Milan Dele- 9 Neumann, et.al., 1933: 171, 177-179 nardo etc.), Professor Drago Ibler as a found- 10 Neumann, 1933b: 179-181 er and dean of an avant-garde design school 11 Neumann, 1939: 135-137 (with its pupil-followers Stjepan Planiæ, Lavo- 12 Pavloviæ, 1969: 64-66 slav Horvat, Prof. Drago Galiæ, Aleksandar 13 Gallotti, 1927: 40, 46 Freudenreich, Mladen Kauzlariæ, Gustav Bo- 14 Kulka, 1931: 43 hutinsky etc.), and finally Architect Ernest 15 *** 1939: 144, 210; Potoènjak, 1939a: 49-55; Po- Weissmann as an advocate of radical design toènjak, 1939b: 59-77; Potoènjak, 1939c: 78-79 PROSTOR Scientific Papers | Znanstveni prilozi Architect Zlatko Neumann D. KAHLE 28-41 23[2015] 1[49] 31 particularly in the special issue of profes- Neumann was mentioned only in contempo- sional journal ”Arhitektura” dedicated to rary Yugoslav architecture magazines and Loos9 where Zlatko Neumann examined Loos’ periodicals, mostly during the exhibition ”Pola recent work.10 vijeka hrvatske umjetnosti” (A half Century of 15 At the peak of his architectural activities, on Croatian Art). the eve of the Second World War Zlatko Neu- Eulogies & Encyclopedic - Immediately after mann wrote a compelling discussion explain- the death of Architect Zlatko Neumann, Željka ing the principles of the ”Raumplan” and its Èorak16 and Boro Pavloviæ17 published two eu- consequences, entitled ”O problemu prosto- logies in Croatian cultural and professional ra u arhitekturi” (On the Problem of Space in periodicals. The later one is more important Architecture) and coalesced with plans and due to publishing of two documents: A Letter illustrations of his most influential realiza- of Recommendation for Zlatko Neumann from tions (Fig. 2, 3).11 Probably consecutively he Adolf Loos’ Office, dated March 1928, trans- wrote a Curriculum Vitae in German, known lated into Croatian and then transcribed & today from its translation to Croatian.12 Zlatko Neumann’s Curriculum Vitae, written in German, translated into Croatian. Both Being a prisoner of war in various German may be counted into primary sources, de- POW camps during the Second World War, spite their translated and possibly trans- Zlatko Neumann wrote a manuscript under posed content. Late Architect & Architectural the title ”Kuda ide arhitektura?” (Where is the Historian Aleksander Laslo wrote most com- Architecture going?), of unknown fate. prehensive articles18 in Yugoslav, later Croa- Contemporary Literature - Two projects of tian Visual Arts Encyclopedias about Zlatko Architect Zlatko Neumann were published Neumann, which may serve as a secondary within the frame of the article about Adolf source. 13 Loos in Paris edition of Vogue in 1927. Four Recent Literature in Dutch, English, German Fig. 2. Six-story attached apartment house with years later Heinrich Kulka, another Loos’ ap- or Slovenian - First standard accurate mono- shops Rosinger, 69 Vlaška Street, Zagreb, HR, 1936-1937, built by Construction Company LCE prentice mentioned Zlatko Neumann in the graph on Adolf Loos in German19 mentioned first contemporary monograph on Adolf Loos Špiller&Šurina 14 Zlatko Neumann several times and delivered Sl.
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