The Third Wave Experiment: Novel, Film and Their Implementation in German High Schools
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UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF GERMAN AND DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH MASTER'S THESIS The Third Wave Experiment: Novel, Film and their Implementation in German High Schools Student: Petra Podrug Supervisors: Marijan Bobinac, PhD Stipe Grgas, PhD Marija Lütze-Miculinić, PhD Zagreb, 2019 SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU FILOZOFSKI FAKULTET ODSJEK ZA GERMANISTIKU I ODSJEK ZA ANGLISTIKU DIPLOMSKI RAD Eksperiment Treći val: Roman, film i njihova implementacija u njemačkim srednjim školama Studentica: Petra Podrug Mentori: Prof. dr. sc. Marijan Bobinac Prof. dr. sc. Stipe Grgas Prof. dr. sc. Marija Lütze-Miculinić Zagreb, 2019. Contents Introduction .............................................................................................3 Ron Jones and the Third Wave .................................................................5 Who is Ron Jones? .....................................................................................................5 Movement That Changed the World .................................................................................6 Historical Background ..............................................................................................10 Racial Issues in the 1960s ................................................................................................ 10 Vietnam War ................................................................................................................... 13 The Wave ...............................................................................................15 About Todd Strasser ................................................................................................15 About the Novel.......................................................................................................15 Historical Background ..............................................................................................16 Cold War ......................................................................................................................... 16 School Shootings in the 1970s ......................................................................................... 17 Die Welle ................................................................................................18 About Dennis Gansel and the Film ...........................................................................18 Historical Background ..............................................................................................20 The Period of National Socialism in Germany .................................................................. 20 Vergangenheitsbewältigung (Facing History) ................................................................... 22 Novel Analysis ........................................................................................24 Structure of the Novel .............................................................................................24 Narrative Point of View ............................................................................................26 Language Style .........................................................................................................28 Film Analysis...........................................................................................28 Structure of the Film ................................................................................................28 Narration and Diegetic/Non-Diegetic Elements........................................................30 Language Style .........................................................................................................31 Analysis of Main Characters ...................................................................31 1 Ben Ross and Rainer Wenger ...................................................................................32 Christy Ross and Anke Wenger.................................................................................38 Laurie Saunders and Karo ........................................................................................39 David Collins and Marco ..........................................................................................42 Robert Billings and Tim Stoltefuss (Stolti) .................................................................45 Amy and Lisa ............................................................................................................49 Main Ideas and their Interpretation ......................................................51 Ideology in The Wave ...............................................................................................51 Strength through Discipline, Community and Action ................................................53 Wave of Changes .....................................................................................................56 Freedom of Speech ..................................................................................................57 Acceptance ..............................................................................................................59 Symbols in The Wave ...............................................................................................60 Economic Issues in the 1980s ...................................................................................61 Liberal vs. Authoritative Environment ......................................................................62 Suburbia as an Ideal Place for Living? .......................................................................64 History Repeats Itself ...............................................................................................65 Novel and Film Comparison ...................................................................67 The Wave and its Implementation in German High Schools ..................70 National Socialism in High Schools ...........................................................................70 The Wave in High Schools ........................................................................................70 Lesson Plan ..............................................................................................................72 Didactic Comment ...................................................................................................83 Conclusion ..............................................................................................85 Works Cited ............................................................................................86 2 Introduction In 1967, a history teacher, Ron Jones began an experiment in order to illustrate how fascist regimes work and to demonstrate the attitudes of the German people during the Second World War (1939-1945), but before long his experiment turned into a dangerous game about a leader´s power over their followers. The students were initially fascinated by the social mechanisms and failed to notice how much and how quickly they were turning into a fascist society. These events remained unknown to the general public until a television movie was made about them, which inspired Todd Strasser´s novel. The novel The Wave was written in 1981 and has sold over a million copies in Europe and has been studied in German schools for the past 20 years. In 2008, a German director Dennis Gansel adapted the novel into the film Die Welle. Both Strasser and Gansel relocate the story of a faithful experiment in which students are shown the effectiveness of fascism and the dangers of obedience. Just as in the real story, Professor Ben Ross (in the novel) and Professor Rainer Wenger (in the movie) want to test the authority on their students who pick up their manipulative ideas and form a movement. This movement becomes very frightening and it starts leaving its marks on other classes, schools and even the world out of the school. This paper is divided into nine sections. The first section gives a brief overview of Ron Jones, his school experiment and its historical background (Vietnam War and racial issues). The second section presents the writer Todd Strasser, his novel The Wave and its historical background (Cold War and school shootings in the USA). In the third section, the movie Die Welle and its director Dennis Gansel are introduced as well as its historical context (the period of National Socialism in Germany and facing it). Furthermore, the analysis of the novel and the film, their structures, narration and language style are outlined in the fourth and fifth section. The sixth section begins by introducing the novel´s and the film´s characters, compares them and analyzes their changes through the experiment. The next section looks at main ideas of the novel and the film and their interpretation. Issues regarding freedom of speech, ideology, economy in the 1980s, liberal vs. authoritative environment, etc. are discussed in this section. Main similarities and differences between the novel and the film are briefly mentioned in the eighth section. And finally, the last section examines The Wave in Germany, i.e. its 3 implementation in German high schools considering each federal state. There is a vast amount of lesson plans and ideas on this topic. However, we will choose only one and present how it can be implemented in high schools in Croatia. 4 Ron Jones and the Third Wave Who is Ron Jones? The Wave is based on true circumstances that occurred in Cubberley high school in Palo Alto, California, in 1967. It was a project created by the history teacher