On a collection of Isaeidae (Crustacea, Amphipoha)
from the southern Indian region
by
P. Rabindranath
Marine Biology Laboratory, University of Kerala, Trivandrum-7, Kerala, India x )
Abstract bearing a luxuriant overgrowth of algae. In both
localities abun- gammaridean amphipods are very Nine species of gammaridean amphipods, belonging to dant. The floor of the Kayamkulam lake is for- described the family Isaeidae, are fully and figured. Eight med of fine sand and clay. of these were collected from typical marine locations on The the Marine the East and West coast of South India and one, namely type specimens are deposited at
Photis digitata K. H. Barnard, 1935, was obtained from Biology Laboratory, University of Kerala, Trivan-
a brackish water lake on the West coast of peninsular drum - 7, Kerala; representative samples of the India between 9°7' and 9°16' N and 76°20' and material treated in this paper in the Zoölogisch 76°28' E. Five of the species described are already known Museum Amsterdam. from the Indian coasts; one species, Eurystheus digitatus
two Schellenberg, 1938, is a new record for the region;
others (Microprotopus bicuspidatus and Eurystheus TAXONOMY anomalus) are new to science. Until more materials be- Suborder GAMMARIDEA, Family Isaeidae come available, the last species included in this report is
the Nor- Genus Norman, 1867 provisionally assigned to genus Megamphopus Microprotopus
man and is described without a specific name. Microprotopus bicuspidatus sp. n. Figs. 1—2.
Material. — 13 males and 8 females were collected
at INTRODUCTION from among algal growths on submergedrocks Pamban
(near Mandapam), Gulf of Mannar.
The materials on which this short report is
Male. — Length 1.9 mm. Body moderately stout based were collected chiefly during two collection and irregularly pigmented; cephalon longer than trips, one to Mandapam (Gulf of Mannar) and first 2 peraeon segments combined and non- another to Thankasserry (Quilon, Kerala). ocular lobes rostrate; angularly produced, eyes Analysis of the bottom samples taken from the prominent, large and placed a little to the rear
Kayamkulam backwaters, a brackish water lake of the pointed apex of each lobe, with median in Kerala, also provided a small collection of darker and ocelli. peripheral lighter Peraeon seg- amphipods. Mandapam is an ideal locality for col- ments subequal in length and moderately deep. lecting amphipods since, within a short distance Pleon slender and poorly formed, segments 1 to 3 one encounters various types of habitats like in shallow, progressively increasing length, 1st very sandy or muddy flats, submerged boulders over- 2nd and 3rd subequal in depth, lower borders of grown with algae and hydroids, and above all ex- the anterior two slightly convex, that of 3rd tensive coral reefs. Further, on the continental nearly straight, postero-inferior angles rounded in flat, within a radius of about 3 to 4 miles, there is all and defined by a shallow notch above, carrying a belt of small islands with an abundant growth setule, distal borders Fourth a bulging. pleon seg- of corals and sponges which provide the substrate and ment % as long as nearly as deep as 3rd, 5th for epifaunal populations. At Thankasserry, the and 6th very small and subequal in length, to- intertidal area is strewn with laterite boulders gether shorter than 4th. Telson entire, small, broad-
er than long, rounded and with a ') Present address: Sree Vilas, Mavelikkara-1, Kerala, distally pair
India of blunt, lateral prominences as in M. longimanus
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Fig. 1. tenna maxilla Microprotopus bicuspidatus sp.n., holotype, , 2; E, upper lip; F, mandible; G, 1; H,
1.9 mm. A, pleon epimera 1 to 3 (not drawn to scale); maxilla 2; I, lower lip; J, maxilliped; K, gnathopod 1;
B, telson with uropods 2 and 3; C, antenna 1; D, an- L, gnathopod 2.
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(Chevreux, 1887), each having 3 setules at base, Mandibular processes small and blunt. Maxilliped
lateral margin with a plumose setule at about its well-developed, inner lobe rectangular, reaching
middle. Coxae setiferous and 1st not strongly only beyond endopod segment, truncate distal mar-
moderately deep. First coxal plate distally expand- gin armed with 3 flat, club-shaped spine-teeth and
lower of in- ing, part front margin faintly crenate, a few pectinate spine-setae, latter extending along
inner Outer its ferior border nearly straight and with a row of long margin. margin convex and upper
setae; 2nd to 4th subsimilar, rotundo-quadrate, half hirsute. Outer lobe large, oval, nearly reaching
than deeper broad, inferior margins convex and distal border of 2nd endopod segment, inner mar-
with a few setae. Fifth and 6th coxal plates bilob- gin broadly crenate and armed with a row of 7
ed, anterior lobe of 5th very deep, reaching beyond graduated, flat spine-teeth, which on the rounded
the middleof rounded distal distal basis, narrowly margin margin appear setiform. Outer margin con-
with a row of setules. Seventh coxal plate very vex and unarmed. Endopod stout, 1st segment
small and nearly oval. nearly squarish, as long as 2nd, 2nd rectan-
setae inner Antennae not very long and not very unequal gular, elongated and fringed with on
l in length, 2nd stouter. First segment of peduncle margin, 3rd broadly oval, /i longer than 1st, dis-
of antenna 1, a little longer than and nearly twice tally armed with long spine-setae, 4th segment
3rd about with broader than 2nd, segment small, % short, length of 3rd, tipped a strong nail,
shorter than about the and few as long as 2nd, flagellum peduncle as long as segment a spine-
and 10-segmented. Lower borders of all segments setae.
distal of but more setose, segments flagellum with a First gnathopod smaller than 2nd, more
few olfactory setae. Accessory flagellum as long as setose; basis proximally narrow, as long as merus
first 3 flagellar segments combined, slender and and carpus combined, inner margin with 2 or 3
Third of of 2nd ischium of inner 4-segmented. segment peduncle very long setae; small, apex mar-
antenna almost rounded, 4th shorter than 5th, gin carrying a cluster of long setae. Merus roughly
shorter flagellum than last peduncular segment and triangular, distally produced and nearly pointed,
1st inner border armed with 6-segmented, segment as long as next 5 com- smoothly convex spine-
bined. Peduncle and flagellum sparsely setose. setae, some of them characteristically pectinate on
Upper lip distally narrowing and slightly hirsute. the distal half; carpus elongate, broadening dis- and Incisor process of mandible tridentate and mode- tally, outer margin gently curving sparsely
rately chitinized, lacinia mobilis well developed setose, inner margin straight up to % its
and from then inwards dentate, spine row consisting of 7 simple length base, dipping and strong-
spines, molar smooth and of moderate size. First ly armed with pectinate spine-setae; propodus
of l of shorter than broadest in the middle, outer segment palp /2 length 2nd, 2nd long and carpus,
slightly bent in the middle, 3rd shorter than 2nd, margin straight, with fascicles of spine-setae on
broader distal distal half, inner continuous with distally, part carrying a brush of margin palm,
long, pectinate spine-setae. Inner lobe of 1st forming a prominent bulge in the middle, spiny maxilla almost triangular, its inner margin bulging and setose, 1 or 2 spines at the rounded angle and hirsute, with 2 pectinate spine-setae in the being larger than the rest; dactylus about % shor-
half, ter than curved, in upper narrowly rounded apex of the lobe ar- propodus, very slightly ending
med with 8 barbed, spine-teeth, palp reaching a small nail, inner border faintly serrate and with
distal of of the last Basis of beyond margin outer lobe, 1st segment a row spines, spine largest. small, 2nd distally expanding, truncate apical 2nd gnathopod much broader distally, shorter than
margin carrying 6 spine-teeth and a variable num- propodus and with a submarginal outer distal
ischium than ber of submarginal spine-setae. Lobes of 2nd spine; nearly squarish; merus longer maxilla with cluster of the subsimilar, uniformly convex inner mar- ischium, a simple setae on pro-
of gin inner lobe armed with long spine-setae, duced rounded apex; carpus cup-shaped, inner
distal of border short and lobe-like, outer part outer slightly hirsute, outer margin very convex; pro- lobe nearly rectangular and with a row of spine- podus massive, subrectangular, outer and inner setae borders former on convex distal border. Inner lobes of subparallel, very slightly convex lower well and twice both armed lip developed, nearly triangular, nar- as long as latter, sparsely rowly rounded distal part hirsute, outer lobes with simple setae, inner ending in a stout, thumb- broad, each distally rounded and hirsute, and like defining tooth; palm oblique, setiferous and with a of with tooth-like nearer to the group spine-like appendages at the apex. a prominence hinge;
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2. A 3. Fig. Microprotopus bicuspidatus sp.n. —F, holotype, pod 5; D, uropod 1; E, uropod 2; F, uropod
1.9 2.1 2 , mm: A, peraeopod 2; B, peraeopod 3; C, peraeo- G—I, , mm: G, antenna 2; H, gnathopod (seg-
ments 4 to 7); I, peraeopod 4.
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dactylus stout, strongly curved and reaching the Also, the dactylus is very long, almost reaching
beginning of the palmar border, its nail slightly the base of the propodus. On the other hand, in M.
the 1st tooth is in the middle swollen at base and the inner margin armed with bicuspidatus sp. n.
of and of the inner side of the and the a row small spine-teeth. Peraeopods 1 2 propodus dactylus
of the similar, basis not expanded, as long as next 3 reaches only as far as the beginning palmar
border. segments combined, ischium small, merus distally
expanding, y the of In spite of the differences in the armature of 2 length basis, carpus slender,
as long as ischium, propodus narrowing distally, the propodus of gnathopod 2, the present species
shows overall resemblance M. subequal to merus in length, dactylus slightly curv- to longimanus. But,
ed and about ]/3 shorter than propodus. Peraeo- in ,M. longimanus the accessory flagellum of an-
pods 3 to 5 successively increasing in length, last tenna 1 is only 2-segmented, while in the new
pair extending well beyond uropods, basis of species it is 4-segmented. The flagellum of anten-
rest na 2is not more than in M. longi- peraeopod 3 very broad, of the appendage 3-segmented it is in somewhat flattened and armed with slender spine- manus, wheras 6-segmented M. bicuspi-
datus. setae, dactylus strong as in peraeopod 1.
Basis of peraeopods 4 and 5 less expanded, outer
1842 margin convex and armed with short plumose Genus Photis Kr0yer,
setae, rest of the appendage rather slender and Photis longimanus Walker, 1904. Figs. 3—4.
armed with sparsely distributed stiff spines. Walker, 1904: 286—287, pi. 7 44; Peduncle of uropod 1 much longer than rami, Photis longimanus fig. K. H. Barnard, 1916: 244—247; Schellenberg, 1925: 175; border distal carrying a stout, tooth-like promi- K. H. Barnard, 1940: 479; J. L. Barnard, 1962: 27—29; nence in its lower half, rami subequal, with spiny Nayar, 1965: 158, fig. 9 f-g. apices. Uropod 2 much shorter than uropod 1,
Material. — 2 males and 22 females were collected apices of rami subtruncate. Uropod 3 uniramous, littoral at from among weed encrusted rocks in the area peduncle stout, roughly oval, slightly less than Pamban (Gulf of Mannar). twice the length of ramus, inner margin with 2
— slender and prominent apical spines, ramus narrowing towards Male. Length 3.0 mm. Body rather
apex and tipped with 3 stout spines and 2 sub- smooth; cephalon about as long as first 2 thora-
setules. marginal cic segments combined; ocular lobes projecting
and narrowly rounded in front, reaching almost
Female. — Length 2.1 mm. Slightly larger than the middle of the 1st peduncular segment of 1st male and more strongly pigmented. Antennae sub- antennae; eyes large, rounded, with reddish-brown
equal in length, 2nd stout, its flagellum longer than peripheral and dark central regions occupying al- the ultimate peduncular segment. Gnathopod 2 most the entire lobe. Peraeon segments gradually different from that of male: spine defining palm increasing in size and depth towards the hind end;
and the 1st smaller than 2nd comparatively small the spine near hinge pleon smooth, segment or of absent; dactylus propodus roughly triangular; 3rd, with rounded postero-lateral corners, seg- inner of margin dactylus poorly spiny. ments 2 and 3 subsimilar, postero-lateral corners
slightly produced, pleon segments 4 to 6 distinct,
Remarks. — Including the present species, the successively increasing in length backwards, 4th
contains genus Microprotopus 6 species. Of these, with a dorsal depression close to the proximal
M. emissitius (Dana, 1852) and M. hirsuticornis end. Telson small, broader than long, subtriangu-
(Dana, 1852) are inadequately described, so that lar, with a small projection on each lateral margin
is Of the other 4 and Anterior a comparison not possible. distally, bearing a spine a seta. 4 maculatus species, M. Norman, 1867 and M. longi- coxal plates subsimilar, oblong and as deep as manus (Chevreux, 1887) differ from the present corresponding segments, remaining pairs small,
in the of 3 teeth species presence on the palmar 5th and 6th bilobed, with rounded lobes, 7th border of the 2nd gnathopod of the male. As in nearly rounded. the M. has new species, raneyi Wigley, 1966, only Antennae subequal in length, / as long as the
2 teeth and the of the 2nd judging by nature gna- body and sparsely setose. First peduncular segment
are more related. thopod, they closely However, in of antenna 1 twice as thick as 2nd, but shorter,
M. the teeth another and raneyi are close to one subequal to 3rd in length; flagellum 6-segmented; close with small placed very to the hinge with the dactylus. accessorry flagellum scale-like, 3 apical
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Fig. 3. Photis longimanus Walker, 1904, , 3.0 mm. G, maxilla 1; H, maxilla 2; I, lower lip; J, gnathopod 1;
A, pleon epimera 1 to 3 (not drawn to scale); B, telson; K, gnathopod 2; L, peraeopod 1.
antenna C, antenna 1; D, 2; E, upper lip; F, mandible;
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setae. Third segment of peduncle of 2nd antenna der. Uropod 2, % as long as uropod 1; peduncle
outer nearly 34 as l°ng as 4th, 5th segment subequal to about the same length as inner ramus;
and more slender than 4th; flagellum 6-segmented. ramus slightly shorter than inner, both with a
Mouth parts and maxillipeds typical of the median and an apical spine. Uropod 3 with a
genus. rudimentary inner ramus carrying a small apical
Gnathopod 1 much smaller than gnathopod 2; spine, outer ramus as long as peduncle but nar-
basis as long as merus and carpus combined and rowing distally, apical segment with 2 long, slen-
der nearly as wide as carpus at the distal end; merus setae.
the base of with slightly produced over carpus, a
subdistal circlet of pectinate setae; carpus oblong, Female. — Length 2.9 mm. Closely resembling
longer than propodus, inner margin with a fringe male, except in the gnathopods. First gnathopod
of pectinate setae; propodus roughly oval; palm subsimilar to that of male, but more slender and
not distinct, finely serrate and with a spine. without any spine on palm. Basis of 2nd gnatho-
Dactylus curved, more than / length of propodus, pod without outer distal expansion; carpus cup-
with inner and toothed inner border without a proximal declivity a shaped, any projecting lobe;
inner border. Basis of gnathopod 2 stout, distal propodus oblong-oval, inner margin about as long
anterior border produced into a rounded lobe; as palm, distally not produced, but raised into a
merus oblong, with an oblique distal row of slight projection, followed by the usual defining
much than border with median low setae; carpus broader long, overlap- spine; palmar a projec-
ping propodus and with an inner lobe projecting tion.
between the and few adjacent segments bearing a
apical setae. Propodus elongate-triangular, outer Remarks. — According to Walker (1904), this
border smooth, inner short, very ending in a species can be distinguished by the peculiar form
border irre- strongly projecting process, palmar of the wrist and hand of the 2nd gnathopods. The
with 2 with 2 observed Walker, forms gular, high projections alternating carpus, as by a promi- low ones. Dactylus stout, curved, reaching the nent inner lobe at the base of propodus, and the
proximal process on propodus, armed on inner propodus has "a strong blunt tooth near the base
margin with a few small teeth and spinules. of the inner surface, the hind margin divided into
and slender, subsimilar; Peraeopods 1 2 merus 3 nearly equal concave spaces by this and 2 other
about expanded distally; carpus / as long as teeth, the middle one being the smallest". This
merus and slightly immersed in it; propodus nar- description applies perfectly to my specimens.
slender his of the 2nd row, nearly as long as merus; dactylus and Nevertheless, figure gnathopod of
curved. The distal end of in the male shows the 3rd into expanded merus segment as produced
much broader than the peraeopod 1 with an oblique row of plumose setae a large lobe, making it
on inner surface. Basis of 3 basis. This is a mistake, Walker evident- peraepod very much obviously
expanded, roughly oval, merus and carpus about ly mistook the lobe-like expansion of the basis to
the be of the ischium. same size, together as long as propodus, latter that
with 2 inner small has des- spines on border; dactylus and K. H. Barnard (1916) given a lengthy
curved like a claw. Peraeopod 4 similar to cription of specimens collected in South African
peraeopod 3, but longer and with less expanded waters. His description of the male 2nd gnathopod
basis. 5 basis shorter than the hind Peraeopod longest; nearly oblong; as having an oblique palm and merus carpus together as long as propodus; margin is puzzling. If this is the condition in his
different from Wal- propodus slightly widening distally; dactylus strong, specimens, they are certainly
curved and as as Also, he has described the 3rd /2 long propodus. Peraeopod ker's specimens. 3 in live specimens upturned, last 2 pairs directed segment of this appendage as having a rounded
all This is absent backwards, sparsely setose and almost devoid lobe on the lower inner surface. of well mine. spines. in Walker's specimens as as Probably,
Uropod 1 longer than uropods 2 and 3, rami as stated by him, the allegedly immature male in subequal in length, about / as long as peduncle; Barnard's collection the true form, 2 may represent
outer ramus with serrate upper margin and armed but unfortunately he has not illustrated it.
2 and been with spines, one apical the other about in This species does not seem to have illu- the inner several middle; ramus with a single apical strated in detail, though there are descrip- spine, peduncle with 6 spines on serrate upper bor- tions pointing out its differences from the allied
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Fig. 4. Photis longimanus Walker, 1904. A—E, , 3.0 uropod 2; E, uropod 3.
mm: A, peraeopod 3; B, peraeopod 5; C, uropod 1; D, F—G, , 2.9 mm: F, gnathopod 1; G, gnathopod 2.
It is that the illus- species. hoped accompanying oval and black. Anterior 4 peraeon segments sub-
trations will this defect and future Pleon remedy help similar, remaining ones deeper. smooth,
workers in arriving at a correct estimation of the first 3 segments more or less of equal depth, 3rd
species easily. longer, 1st with rounded postero-lateral corners,
segments 4 to 6 distinct, successively decreasing
Photis digitata K. H. Barnard, 1935. Fig. 5. in depth towards posterior end. Telson triangular,
apically angular, with 3 pairs of subapical setae. Photis longicaudata (non Bate & Westwood) Chilton, Anterior 4 of 1921: 554, fig. 12. pairs coxae oblong, forwardly and twice Photis digitata K. H. Barnard, 1935: 302—303; Nayar, directed, distally narrower attenuated,
1959: 35, pi. 12 figs. 8—24; J. L. Barnard, 1962: 27—29. the 3rd as deep as corresponding segments, deeper
than the rest and moderately setiferous along free
Material. — 10 males and 13 females were collected margins, 5th and 6th pairs bilobed, former with from the Kayamkulam lake, in Kerala. large obliquely rounded front lobes, last coxa
Male. — Length 2.8 mm. Body rather slender, nearly rounded.
smooth; cephalon moderately produced, a little Antenna 1 slightly longer than antenna 2; 1st
to longer than first 2 peraeon segments combined; peduncular segment thick, subequal in length
ocular lobes projecting, reaching end of 1st pedun- 3rd; 2nd segment 1 / times the length of 1st, cular of 2nd 5- of 2nd segment antenna; eyes large, round- flagellum to 7-segmented. Peduncle an-
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Fig. 5. Photis digitata K. H. Barnard, 1935. A—K, , E, gnathopod 1; F, gnathopod 2; G, peraeopod 1; H,
2.8 mm: A, pleon epimera 1 to 3 (not drawn to scale); peraeopod 3; I, peraeopod 5; J, uropod 1; K, uropod 2.
B, telson with uropod 3; C, antenna antenna 2; L, 2.7 mm: 2. 1; D, , gnathopod
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conical with tenna with 4th segment longest, flagellum 4- to 6- a process, a small apical seta.
segmented and slightly longer than 4th peduncular
— 1 segment. Female. Length 2.7 mm. Gnathopod very
and much similar that of but inner Mouth parts maxillipeds typical of the to male, margin
genus. of carpus more irregular. Gnathopod 2 different:
First and gnathopod much smaller than 2nd; basis inner prolongation of carpus triangular api-
short and thick; ischium and merus subequal; cally pointed, rather than digitiform; inner border
carpus roughly triangular and nearly as long as of propodus subequal to palmar border in length;
propodus; palm ill-defined, serrate, oblique and palm with 2 prominent serrate elevations, a proxi-
about mal and setose; dactylus as long as propodus, curv- a distal, separated by a fairly deep con-
ed and armed with 1 small inner tooth and a cavity.
row of fine setules. Second gnathopod massive,
Remarks. — 2nd male is with comparatively long basis; carpus large and The gnathopod as
Chilton In K. H. Bar- triangular, produced into a prominent, digitiform figured by (1921, fig. 12).
apically setose process, reaching a third of the nard's (1935) figure, the elongation of the carpal
is length of the inner margin of propodus; propodus segment of this appendage more pronounced
such not well and his the adult condi- long-ovate; palm as defined, oblique, specimens may represent
palmar border produced into 2 unequal prominen- tion, or a dimorphic form. In all the 10 males in
x ces; dactylus about / length of propodus, curved my collection, the 2nd gnathopod is as illustrated
as in gnathopod 1, with small evenly arranged here.
spines on inner border. Peraeopod 1 longer than As observed by K. H. Barnard, the main cha-
peraeopod 2; basis broader towards the distal end, racter which distinguishes P. digitata from P.
longer than next 2 segments combined; merus longicaudata (Bate & Westwood, 1862) is the fin- rather of of 2nd male long, armed with long plumose setae on ger-like prolongation the carpus
outer margin; carpus roughly squarish, / 2 length gnathopod of the former. In the specimens which of merus; propodus long, narrowing distally; dac- Walker (1904) described as P. longicaudata, the
weak tylus and slightly curved. Peraeopod 2 very carpus is produced, but the author has drawn
much like this in such that the peraeopod 1, but without the long appendage a way merus
setae on the outer margin of merus. Peraeopod overlaps the carpus, obscuring the latter partially.
3 shorter; basis broad, narrowing towards distal My specimens generally resemble those of Walker,
3 and there is that end; following segments subequal; propodus a possibility P. longicaudata
twice with is the P. K. H. as long as wide, a strong spine at inner Walker, 1904, same as digitata
distal end; dactylus slightly curved. Peraeopods 4 Barnard. and 5 almost of the same length, but longer than
3rd; basis in both much less expanded than in Genus Megamphopus Norman, 1869
3rd with small 6. peraeopod; dactylus a outer tooth Megamphopus sp. Fig. in the middle.
Material. — One male specimen was obtained by Uropod 1 extending back as far as uropod 3; washing hydroids growing attached to bridge pilings at peduncle thick and than outer longer rami, edge Thankasserry, Quilon, Kerala. armed with 5 strong lateral spines and inner edge
with 1 terminal spine; inner and outer margins Male. — Length 2.9. mm. Body moderately stout, of and with diffused outer ramus outer margin of inner ramus chromatophores; cephalon longer
than 1st non-rostrate; ocular crenulate. Uropod 2 almost as long as peduncle peraeon segment, lobes of uropod 1; outer ramus shorter than inner, angularly produced; eyes large and occu- the entire of the lobes. Peraeon with a spine in the middle of the inner margin; pying area seg-
of in and inner margin outer ramus and outer margin ments subequal length moderately deep; of inner ramus feebly crenulate in the distal half; first 3 segments of pleon subequal in length, 2nd
with 2 and peduncle spines on outer edge a ter- deepest, lower margins convex, postero-inferior
minal one on inner distal end. Uropod 3 about angles with a small rounded prominence, lower the same length as uropod 2; outer ramus slender, part of distal borders with a slight notch carrying
than 2nd setule. Pleon to rather slen- longer peduncle; segment very minuteand a segments 4 6 long, armed with 2 basal der and about long, apical setae, segment successively becoming shorter, as with 2 short setae on outer border. Inner ramus long as 2nd and 3rd segments of pleon combined,
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2.9 lower Fig. 6. Megamphopus sp., , mm. A, pleon epimera H, lip; I, maxilliped; J, gnathopod 1; K, gnathopod
1 to 3 (not drawn to scale); B, telson; C, antenna 1; 2; L, peraeopod 1; M, peraeopod 3; N, peraeopod 5;
D, antenna 2; E, mandible; F, maxilla 1; G, maxilla 2; O, uropod 1; P, uropod 2; Q, uropod 3.
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4th as as 3rd, 5th and 6th as ed the of distal and with y 2 long together on outer part border, 4th. Telson long as small, reaching the middle of 3 small subsidiary ones below.
the peduncle of 3rd uropod, broad and triangular, First gnathopod much smaller than 2nd; basis
distal with ear-like shorter margin very slightly convex, slightly than next 3 segments combined, with 3 of projecting lateral angles, having 3 or 4 submargin- groups long setae on inner surface;
x al setae at base. First coxal plate produced for- ischium small; merus a little less than / length 2
wards and reaching the base of 3rd peduncular of basis, inner border with fascicles of setae; pro-
suboval, segment of 2nd antenna; 2nd coxa very much ex- podus longer than carpus, inner margin
and rounded from panded ovoid, lower margin with a not defined palm, palm oblique, irregular
fringe of setules; 3rd, 4th, and the front lobe of near finger hinge and setose; dactylus curved, with
5th coxa subsimilar and rectangular, lower bor- serrate inner margin and a long nail. Gnathopod
ders with of hind lobe 2 clothed with a row setae; of 5th round- fully long setae, remotely resem-
ed and small; 6th coxa bilobed, lobes small and bling the corresponding appendage of Jassa fal-
subsimilar; 7th coxal plate semicircular. cata (Montagu, 1808); basis almost uniformly
Antennae subsimilar and moderately setose. broad, inner surface and outer margin carrying
First of of distal of border segment peduncle antenna 1 twice as long setae, part outer rounded;
broad as 2nd, but ]/3 shorter; flagellum as long ischium triangular, inner border straight, unarmed,
as last 2 peduncular segments combined, 9-seg- outer distally rounded, projecting and with a
mented; shorter of merus accessory flagellum than 1st fringe setae; suboval, subequal in length
flagellar segment and 2-segmented. Third pedun- to ischium and partially overlapped by the latter
cular segment of 2nd antenna almost rounded; proximally, slightly underriding carpus; carpus
4th and 5th subequal in length, formermuch stout- cup-shaped; propodus massive, rectangular, outer
er; flagellum shorter than the combined length of border slightly convex and with thick brushes of
last 2 segments of peduncle, 10-segmented. long setae, inner border with 2 prominent lobes
Incisor — the end process of mandible 4-dentate; lacinia one at proximal and the other near
blade-like the — former mobilis an elongate structure, faintly finger hinge thumb-like and much
denticulate; spine row consisting of 4 slender longer than latter, latter triangular, distally point-
and spines; molar well developed, but not strongly ed with a basal spine on inner surface, inner
toothed. between the lobes Palp 3-segmented; 1st segment very small; margin straight and with a row
2nd and 3rd of subequal in length, former rectan- setae; palm transverse, very short, convex and
and with inner with gular an row of setae, latter dis- long setae; dactylus very long, distally curved,
tally narrow and carrying a brush of long setae reaching merus, inner margin with a few slender
inner on margin. First maxilla without inner setae. Peraeopods 1 and 2 subsimilar; basis of 1st
than 2 lobes; outer lobe broad, with 10 feebly barbed, longer next segments combined, margins
distal 1st with ischium spines; palp 2-segmented, segment small, long setae; small, merus expanding
2nd subtruncate about about elongate-oblong, distally and ar- distally, Yi as long as basis; carpus
med with 5 marginal spines and 3 submarginal as large as ischium, inner margin with a row of
setules. Second maxilla with smaller inner lobes, spine-setae; propodus slender, twice as long as
armed distal with much on margin long setae. Inner carpus; dactylus not curved, as long as
of lobes lower lip small, but as tall as outer; outer propodus. Basis of 3rd peraeopod much flattened,
lobes broad, sparsely hirsute on distal rounded as long as next 2 segments combined; ischium
border; mandibular and merus in processes short. Inner lobe of as peraeopod 1, latter more than
maxilliped subtruncate distal border as as basis; less than oblong, carry- x/i long carpus rectangular,
ing 3 flat spine-teeth and a few short plumose y2 length of basis, outer apex with 3 spines; pro-
outer lobe setae; very tall, reaching distal margin podus slender, y s shorter than basis, with 3 sub- of 2nd inner border endopod segment, very faint- marginal spines on the inner side; dactylus curved, crenulate and armed with of ly a row spines, gra- Yi as long as propodus, inner margin serrate near
dually becoming seta-like on the rounded distal base. Fourth and 5th peraeopods subsimilar, not 1st margin; endopod segment small; 2nd much much larger than 3rd; basis of 5th almost rectan- widened the inner distally, closely fringed on mar- gular, as long as next 2 segments combined;
x gin; 3rd more than / length of as in but segment 2 2nd, remaining segments peraeopod 3, com-
curved; 4th x strongly segment / as long as 3rd, paratively large and spiny. widening distally, with a long pointed nail mount- Uropods 1 and 2 moderately spiny. Peduncle of
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1st longer than rami; with a strong distal spine; — along the coast of Manoli Island, Gulf of Mannar.
l more 4 males and 4 females, were later outer ramus shorter than inner. 2 Eight specimens, /3 Uropod obtained by washing hydroids growing on bridge pilings smaller than 1st, distal spine of peduncle much at Neendakara, Quilon, Kerala. shorter than inner. smaller, outer ramus only y s
Male. — 3.7 Uropod 3 small; peduncle as long as the subequal Length mm. Body slender, whitish, with faint brown rami; rami with slender spines. chromatophores, cephalon as
long as first 2 peraeon segments combined, very
Remarks. — J. L. Barnard (1962) created slightly rostrate; ocular lobes prominent, angular- Kermystheus and pointed out the differences be- ly produced, its apex not reaching the distal mar- tween and Eurystheus, Kermystheus, Megampho- of gin the 3rd peduncular segment of 2nd antenna, He also divided into 2 sub- pus. Megamphopus with concave upper and convex lower margins;
genera, Megamphopus and Segamphopus. Accor- eyes large, flask-shaped (lageniform), lower por- to the and the short ding key diagnosis published tions the occupying the entire space between 2 by him, the present specimens must certainly come converging lateral borders of the eye lobes and under in the Megamphopus sensu stricto. But, extending like a narrow neck on to the dorsal of the male 2nd this general shape gnathopod, of the part cephalon on either side. Peraeon seg- species shows very close resemblance to Kermys- ments moderately deep, 1 st segment / shorter than theus ociosa J. L. Barnard, 1962. In Kermystheus, 2nd, following 4 segments subequal in length, 6th the is scale-like, but it is 2- accessory flagellum and 7th a little longer. Pleon segments 1 to 3 segmented in the present species. This raises the gradually increasing in length, lower and distal question whether the characters based on the borders convex, postero-inferior angles rounded, number of of the segments accessory flagellum are but with a shallow notch and a setule; segments valid or not. The accessory flagellum is an appen- 4 to 6 together only as long as 3rd, becoming dix which shows progressive degeneration, and in shorter distally, 4th and 5th with a pair of sub- these like at rate this Eurystheus- genera, any distal stiff spine-setae dorso-laterally, 4th segment character cannot be taken as a criterion for slightly depressed near origin. Telson small, a generic separation. J. L. Barnard, 1965: 539, little broader than long, not reaching end of the of the made suspected artificiality arrangement of 3rd peduncle uropod, margins slightly convex, him earlier, and even that the new by suggested to converging abruptly a triangular apex carrying species M. abbotti J. L. Barnard, 1965, is appa- a plumose setule at each angle and a pair of blunt that has lost rently a Eurystheus one more flagellar the spines on dorsal surface, each lateral margin
article. If this be so, Kermystheus ociosa is a with 1 or 2 plumose setules. Anterior 2 coxal Megamphopus that has lost one more segment of plates more or less subsimilar, lower anterior cor- the accessory flagellum. The separation of the ners rounded and very slightly produced; 3rd and isaeid genera is indeed very difficult. 4th deeper, former obliquely truncate below; 5th The species apparently belongs to present prominently bilobed, front lobe rounded below and Megamphopus and may most probably be M. as deep as 4th, hind lobe small; 6th and 7th
1926. I could not consult longidactylus Chevreux, little coxae ventrally a emarginate and very shal- the description of this and hence refrain species low.
from giving it a or identifying it as M. name, Antennae subequal in length; 1st peduncular I would have exclude longidactylus. preferred to of times segment antenna 1 nearly 3 as long as this from the communication, but for the present broad and the of 2nd with % length segment, an fact that it is very interesting taxonomically. inner distal spine; 2nd segment long and slender;
x 3rd as but /2 long as 2nd, narrower; flagellum Genus Eurystheus Bate, 1856 Spence than shorter peduncle, 10-segmented; accessory afer Eurystheus (Stebbing, 1888). Figs. 7—8. flagellum 5-segmented and about as long as the
first 4 segments of flagellum. Segments 1 and 2 Gammaropsis afra Stebbing, 1888: 1097, pi. 113. of peduncle of 2nd antenna small, 2nd with a Gammaropsis zeylanicus Walker, 1904 : 282, pi. 6 fig. 41. pointed gland cone reaching as far as the middle
of 3rd 3rd Eurystheus afer Stebbing, 1906: 612; Pillai, 1957: 55— segment; segment stout, as long as fig. 13. 56, 4th; 4th and 5th subequal in length, former slightly
stouter; flagellum much shorter Material. — Twelve males and 15 females were collect- 12-segmented,
ed from different habitats —- from weeds than Both antennae mostly among peduncle. moderately setose.
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Fig. 7. Eurystheus afer (Stebbing, 1888), , 3.7 mm. ible; G, maxilla 1; H, maxilla 2; I, lower lip; J, maxilli- A, cephalon; B, pleon epimera 1 to 3 (not drawn to ped; K, gnathopod 1. scale); C, telson; D, antenna 1; E, antenna 2; F, mand-
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Distal of and ches of and in margin upper lip evenly convex marginal setae ending distally a
hirsute. Incisor process of mandible feeble and small blunt prominence; palm oblique and highly
lacinia mobilis into tridentate; cut pointed teeth, irregular, defining spine prominent, followed by a
the 8 in semicircular into spines of spine row slender, barbed and deep depression, continued a
number; molar prominent, with dentate crown raised, irregularly flat-topped elevation, followed
and a pectinate seta; palp stout, 1st segment very by a small depression and another small elevation
small, 2nd inner near longest, margin sparsely setose, the hinge, the elevations carry stiff setae;
3rd segment widening, fringed with long setae dactylus stout, strongly arched, reaching the defi-
inner and distal Inner lobe of 1st along borders. ning spine, inner border with a few spinules,
maxilla into middle triangular, apex narrowly produced part slightly bulging and with a spine- inner a rounded prominence bearing a setule, tooth near the tip. Peraeopods 1 to 3 sparsely
margin convex and with 7 plumose setae; outer setose; 1st and 2nd subsimilar and shorter than
lobe with 1st of 9 spine-teeth; segment palp short, the 3rd; basis as long as next 3 segments com-
2nd long, slightly broader distally, apex armed bined, inner margin fringed with rather long
with 5 marginal, flat and 4 submargin- ischium as as merus spine-teeth setae; /3 long merus; distally
al setae. Second maxilla with shorter inner shorter than lobe, widening; carpus % merus; propodus
half of innerborder de- little dis- distally flattened, proximal slender, as long as merus, narrowing a
void of setae, but hirsute, outer lobe with the as as tally; dactylus y2 long propodus, slightly
usual distal submarginal row of setae, outer mar- curved and pointed. Peraeopods 3 to 5 increasing in
gin hairy. Inner lobes of lower lip triangular, inner length; basis of 3rd nearly as long as broad, nar-
borders hirsute; outer lobes broad and sloping rowing distally; ischium short; merus and carpus
mandibular little wider and distally hirsute; processes not very subequal in length, former a distally
maxilli- long, decurrent and pointed. Inner lobe of both carrying spines on apices; propodus slender,
with 3 in ped flat distal spine-teeth addition to with a few spines on outer border; dactylus nearly
plumose spine-setae fringing its distal inner bor- straight. Peraeopods 4 and 5 subsimilar; basis
lobe with 6 inner than with few and ders; outer spine-teeth on mar- longer broad, a spines spinules;
the gin, gradually becoming spine-setae along merus % shorter than basis, a little wider distally;
distal 4th of sloping margin; segment endopod carpus shorter than merus; propodus expanding
than 3rd, its nail x the with few and longer / as long as segment. distally, a spines spinules along
1 small; basis as as next Gnathopod very long margins, outer apex with a cluster of long setae; 3 and combined, narrow proximally curved and less than segments very dactylus pointed, y2 length armed with few inner a long spine-setae on mar- of propodus.
gin; ischium very short; merus twice the length of Peduncle of 1st uropod longer than rami, with
ischium, forked distal end and median and widely at moderately a long spine distally a row of margin-
setose; shorter than propodus, inner margin al ones outer carpus along upper border; ramus shorter
closely fringed with pectinate spine-setae; propo- than inner, both sparsely spinose along margins,
dus nearly oval, broadest at the beginning of the but with of a group stouter ones along apices.
palm, margins carrying numerous spine-setae; Second uropod shorter than 1st; peduncle shorter
palm not defined, with setae and setules; dactylus than rami and poorly armed; outer ramus a little
curved and inner shorter than both reaching beyond palm, pointed, inner, carrying a few spines border and with a row of denticles the and Third fringed along upper margin on apex. uro-
setules. 2 basis stout, nar- Gnathopod very large; pod shorter; peduncle a little longer than rami, than 3 row proximally, considerably longer next reaching beyond peduncle of 2nd uropod; outer well inner segments combined, outer margin as as ramus longer and broader, outer border carrying surface carrying long spine-setae; ischium very a spine and the apex with a group of spines; inner small, much broader than long; merus rectangular, ramus slender.
distal border a little concave and armed submar-
ginally with a circlet of short, Female. — spines; carpus very Length 4.4 mm. Very much like the and broad cup-shaped as as propodus distally, male, but for the 2nd gnathopod. This appendage inner short, lobe-like and with clus- margin very a is much less massive and resembles closely the ter of spine-setae; propodus massive, outer mar- male 2nd gnathopod of E. atlanticus (Stebbing, with gin very nearly straight, a submarginal row 1888). Basis almost uniformly wide throughout of fascicles of setae, inner with bun- and the of the long margin without row very long spine-setae on
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Fig. 8. afer 1888). A , 3.7 H, 4.0 mm: 2 and Eurystheus (Stebbing, —G, , gnathopod (palm dactylus). 2; mm: A, gnathopod B, peraeopod 1; C, peraeopod 3;
D, peraeopod 5; E, uropod 1; F, uropod 2; G, uropod 3. I, , 4.4 mm: gnathopod 2.
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outer margin; merus distally produced; carpus appear to be a trustworthy character. For example, Barnard longer than in male and triangular; propodus the eye of E. atlanticus. shown by J. L.
moderate in size, nearly of the same shape as in (1965), is quite different from Stebbing's original
but without the The of the the male, palm more even, deep figure (1888, pi. 144). shape palmar
concavities; dactylus more slender than in male border of gnathopod 2 is also widely variable and
distal tooth-like of inner its with 8 I and impinges on the part sculpturing changes age (fig. H).
border of propodus, its inner margin with a row therefore feel that the only reliable character
of short teeth. which distinguishes E. afer from E. atlanticus, is
the shape of the ocular lobe. In E. afer it is
Remarks. From the published descriptions of triangular, but cylindrical in E. atlanticus. This
E. afer (Stebbing, 1888) and E. atlanticus (Steb- character should be taken as the basic criterion
for the identificationof these bing, 1888), it is clear that the shape of the eye two species, irrespec-
corneal shows deal tive of all other characters. If this view is (the part alone) a good of accep-
variation: lageniform, ovate or oblong (both ver- ted, it will be in agreement with Stebbing's origi-
and A nal of these it is tically horizontally). lageniform eye can concept two species. However,
very well become vertically oblong if few of the to be pointed out that the above suggested ocelli indistinct distinction top-most become after preserva- morphological between E. afer and E.
tion. the of the does not atlanticus useful within the At any rate, shape eye may appear only con-
9. atlanticus 1888), 3.5 mm. 1; E, 2; F, 3. Fig. Eurystheus (Stebbing, , uropod uropod
A, cephalon; B, gnathopod 1; C, gnathopod2; D, uropod
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fines of this specific locality and that they may and sparsely pigmented; cephalon subequal in
differ in different first 2 from one another entirely ways length to peraeon segments combined, non-
in another situation. It will be useful if future rostrate, with a crown of dark pigment spots
workers studying populations of these two forms dorso-laterally close to the anterior border; ocular
the in lobes and the middle throughout tropics many localities, keep this large projecting as far as of fact in mind so that we may then find some com- the 3rd peduncular segment of 2nd antenna,
mon denominator deciding the identity of the two anteriorly subangular; eyes large, occupying almost related forms. the entire area of the eye lobes, with dark
In view of the fact that the shape of the ocular reddish central and lighter peripheral regions. lobe stated Peraeon is not clearly by many authors, I am smooth, segments nearly subequal in
not able to and give complete synonymy. The synony- length depth; pleon segments 1 to 3 gradually
my drawn up above is based on the shape of the increasing in length, 1st very shallow, 2nd and
lobe. eye 3rd nearly subequal in depth, lower margins
slightly convex, postero-inferior angles forming Eurystheus atlanticus (Stebbing, 1888). Fig. 9. small tooth-like points, the much convex distal
borders Gammaropsis atlantica Stebbing, 1888: 1101, pi. 144. projecting beyond these points; 4th pleon Eurystheus atlanticus Stebbing, 1906: 611; Pillai, 1957: segment as long as 5th and 6th combined, deeper 56—57, fig. 14; J. L. Barnard, 1965: 534—535, fig. 29. than 5th; 4th and 5th with a pair of subdistal,
stiff spine-setae dorso-laterally; 6th segment small Material. — A single male specimen obtained from and almost squarish. Telson a little broader than Neendakara, Quilon, Kerala, by washing hydroids grow- dorsal ing on bridge pilings. long at base, surface slightly folded, lateral
borders each with very nearly straight, 1 or 2 setu-
Remarks. — This specimen (length 3.5 mm) is les laterally, and with a distal spine having a plu- for the fol- identical to E. afer (Stebbing), except mose setule at its base. First coxal plate not very lowing differences: deep, directed slightly forwards; 2nd and 3rd sub- The ocular lobes cylindrically produced and an- similar, deeper than 1st, nearly squarish, lower gularly rounded in front, the apex reaching the borders straight; 4th deeper and almost rounded; distal margin of the 3rd peduncular segment of 5th and 6th bilobed, front lobes deeper than hind 2nd not round-oval and antenna; eyes large, con- ones; 7th nearly oval and very small. fined to the eye lobes. First gnathopod with a Segments 1 and 3 of peduncle of antenna 1 defining palmar spine. Second gnathopod not so subequal in length, former more than twice as large, resembling more closely the corresponding broad as latter; 2nd segment as broad as 3rd, but of the female with appendage of E. afer, a single, longer; flagellum less than the combined length much shallower declivity near the inner angle, pal- of last 2 peduncular segments and 8-segmented; mar border evenly cut into several small trans- accessory flagellum 4-segmented and nearly as luscent lobes, some rounded and others triangular; first 3 long as flagellar segments combined. but dactylus stout, not so strongly arched, reaching Second of antenna as long as 1st; segments 1 to 3 and with beyond the palmar spine an evenly curv- peduncle subequal in length; flagellum 7-segmen- ed inner border. Longer inner ramus of 2nd ted, shorter than the combined length of last 2 uropod carrying a row of spines along both mar- peduncular segments. gins. Peduncle of 3rd uropod subequal in length Incisor of mandible well laci- process formed; to outer inner without the longer ramus; ramus nia mobilis small and distally cut into sharp spines on inner margin. teeth, spine row consisting of 5 barbed spines;
molar well formed and finely dentate, with a long, Eurystheus digitatus Schellenberg, 1938. slender seta; palp stout and exactly like that of Figs. 10—11. other species of the genus. First maxilla with a
lobe Eurystheus digitatus Schellenberg, 1938: 84—86, fig. 44; small conical inner carrying 3 spine-setae
J. L. 1965: 30. inner distal with short Barnard, 535—536, fig. on the part, apex 2 very spinules; outer lobe with 11 barbed spines; palp
Material. — 4 males and 9 females collected from armed with 6 distal spine-teeth and 5 sub-margin- among algae growing attached to submerged stones in the al setules. Inner lobe of 2nd maxilla shorter and littoral area at Mandapam. than inner with narrower outer, border a row of
towards Male. — Length 3.5 mm. Body slender, irregularly submarginal spine-setae, obliquely passing
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Fig. 10. Eurystheus digitatus Schellenberg, 1938, , 3.5 E, mandible; F, maxilla 1; G, maxilla 2; H, lower lip; mm. A, cephalon; B, telson; C, antenna 1; D, antenna 2; I, maxilliped; J, gnathopod 1; K, gnathopod 2.
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outer apex; outer lobe curving over inner, round- fascicles of spine-setae; palm not clearly marked ed distal border of both lobes armed with setae. out from inner margin, but with a stout defining
Lobes of lower lip distally hirsute, inner obliquely spine, minutely crenulate; dactylus pointed, curv-
truncate and outer rounded; mandibular processes ed and reaching beyond the defining spine, inner and decurrent. lobe much nearly pointed slightly Inner border with a few spines. Second gnathopod of maxilliped oblong, reaching the distal margin larger than 1st; 2nd, 3rd and 4th segments sub- of 1st armed with small similar endopod segment, setae to corresponding ones of 1st gnathopod;
outer lobe to middle of only; extending 2nd endo- carpus triangular, inner border very short and
inner armed with 7 bar- pod segment, margin flat, lobe-like, carrying a tuft of spine-setae; propodus bed distal border 4 into spine-teeth, carrying spine- massive, inner margin distally produced a
setae; and 1 2 endopod 4-segmented; dactylus missing. pointed process, having a stout spine or
1 basis less Gnathopod small; widening distally, small setules at inner base; palm very short, pro-
than the combined of 3 and length next segments duced into a prominent projection near the hinge ischium x poorly armed; short, / 2 length of merus; and abruptly sloping down to the base of the
merus distally produced, pointed and armed with defining spine; dactylus curved, reaching the base
setae; thumb-like inner bor- carpus nearly triangular, subequal to pro- of the process of propodus, in inner podus length, margin closely fringed with der with a row of small denticles. Peraeopods
border long spine-setae; propodus oval, outer 1 and 2 alike; basis sparsely spiny; merus and
inner both armed with nearly straight, convex, carpus subequal in length, former widening dis-
Fig. 11. Eurystheus digitatus Schellenberg, 1938. A—F, pod 4; D, uropod 1; E, uropod 2; F, uropod 3.
to , 3.5 mm: A, 1; B, 3; C, G, 3.7 mm: 2 5 7). peraeopod peraeopod peraeo- , gnathopod (segments
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exhibits considerable tally; propodus slender, ]/6 longer than carpus, ever shows that E. digitatus
variation. margins armed, inner more closely than outer; intraspecific
x dactylus gently curved, about / 2 length of propodus. The presence of dark spots on the cephalic
Peraeopods 3 to 5 increasing in length, subsimilar somite is said to be characteristic of E. digitatus,
basis reliance cannot be made them and more spiny than the preceding ones; though complete on
L. somewhat flattened, oblong-oval, distally narrow; (J. Barnard, 1965).
ischium small, merus longer than carpus, slightly
12—13. expanding distally; propodus slender, subequal in Eurystheus anomalus sp. n. Figs.
and length to merus carpus combined, distally
Material. — males collected from 5 were among algae carrying very long spine-setae; dactylus pointed and and weeds growing on a buoy in the Pamban area, curved. Gulf of Mannar. Uropods 1 and 2 extending almost equally far
back. Peduncle of 1st longer than the longer inner Male. — Length 4.4 mm. Body rather robust, ir-
ramus, distal border with a broad median spine, regularly pigmented; cephalon as long as first 2
rami and with cluster of combined, ocular apically truncate a un- peraeon segments non-rostrate;
equal spines. Second uropod much shorter than 1st, lobes projecting to a third of the length of 1st
peduncle subequal in length to the shorter outer peduncular segment of antenna 1, subangular; distal dark central and ramus, border without the median spine, eyes large, oval, with lighter
rami in 1st Third as uropod. uropod small, peripheral portions. Peraeon segments smooth,
peduncle as long as the subequal rami, each api- subequal in length and moderately deep. Ante-
beset with cluster of rior of in cally a spines. 2 segments pleon subequal length;
3rd slightly longer, all with a dorso-distal setule,
Female. — Length 3.7 mm. In general shape depth gradually increasing, inferior margins con-
the male setose resembling except in the more vex, postero-lateral corners of pleon segments 1
2nd gnathopods. Proximal 4 segments of this and 2 tooth-like, that of 3rd slightly produced and
appendage subsimilar to corresponding ones in the rounded, margin above much convex. Pleon seg-
male, but propodus much less massive, longer than ments 4 to 6 distinct; 4th and 5th subequal in
from the and each with of dorso- broad, widening out base, greatest length depth, a pair stiff,
breadth at the origin of palm, margins heavily lateral spine-seta near distal end; 6th segment Palm but with shallower setose. not very convex, oblique, and shorter. Telson apically cleft, each
curved and half a defining spine. Dactylus strong, with an apical spine and 2 lateral plumose
reaching beyond the defining spine, its inner bor- setae. Coxal plates shallow; 1st directed forwards,
der carrying a row of small spines. with parallel margins; 2nd slightly emarginate
The crown of pigment spots encircling the ventrally and fringed with a few slender setae at
cephalon more pronounced than in the male. the anterior corner; 3rd, 4th, and 5th subsimilar
broad ventral and nearly as as deep, margins con-
Remarks. — This species like E. setiferus Schel- vex; 6th faintly bilobed; 7th nearly oval.
1938, is antenna lenberg, very conspicuously setose. The First longer than 2nd; 1st segment of
males in collection to be y than 2nd; my appear sub-adults, peduncle stout, /A shorter 3rd segment and the figure of the 2nd gnathopod that I have slender and subequal in length to 1st; flagellum
given agrees in overall proportion with Schellen- 11 -segmented and shorter than peduncle; accesso-
44F of male. 4th berg's (1938) fig. a juvenile (Schel- ry flagellum 6-segmented, reaching the fla-
lacks lenberg's figure the setal spine in the crotch gellar segment. Proximal 3 segments of the pedun- of the also close cle of 2nd antenna short and cone thumb). My specimens show stout, gland pro-
similarity to the male figured by J. L. Barnard duced and pointed: 4th and 5th segments subsimi-
in (1965), except the structure of the 2nd gnatho- lar and elongated; flagellum nearly y5 longer than
pod. In Barnard's illustration, the proximal inner the ultimate peduncular segment, stout and 9-seg- part of propodus is produced into a strong, mented. Both antennae rather prominently hirsute. characteristic and is smaller broad, little and process there a pro- Upper lip distally a emarginate cess near the hinge with the dactylus. In contrast, strongly hairy. Incisor process of mandible well lacinia mobilis my specimens have the proximal process situated in chitinised and strongly dentate; the middle of the inner border small and well toothed, row of and the distal pro- spine consisting few cess is rather broad and flat. Barnard's study how- 7 slender, denticulated spines and a plumose
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12. anomalus 4.4 maxilla maxilla lower K, Fig. Eurystheus sp. n., , mm. A, ce- mandible; H, 1; I, 2; J, lip; phalon; B, pleon epimera 1 to 3 (not drawn to scale); maxilliped; L, gnathopod 1.
C, telson; D, antenna 1; E, antenna 2; F, upper lip; G,
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setae; molar well formed, dentate and with a plu- ing a little; propodus as long as merus and car-
mose seta; palp very much as in other species of pus combined, widest at hinge, outer margin with
fascicles Eurystheus, but 2nd segment abruptly constricted of long setae, inner with a few long
at the distal third of inner margin; segments 2 and spines and slender setae; dactylus upcurved, point-
3 prominently setose. Inner lobe of 1st maxilla ed and less than J/2 length of propodus. Perae-
inner conical, apex carrying 2 short spines and opods 4 and 5 missing in all specimens.
of inner border lobe far back. First border a row setae; of outer Uropods 1 to 3 extending equally
hairy and its distal end armed with 9 denticulated longer than 2nd, peduncle subequal to the longer
and spine-teeth; distal segment of palp with 6 margin- inner ramus, moderately spiny along margins
distal rami al spine-teeth and 5 submarginal setae. Second with a very stout lower spine, distally
maxilla much in other of about shorter than both very as species Eurys- truncate; outer % inner,
theus. Inner lobes of lower lip with hirsute distal moderately spiny and feebly serrate along the
and with cluster of margins; outer lobe broad, distally rounded and upper margins a long spines on
mandibular and Peduncle of 2nd as as the hairy; processes long nearly point- apex. uropod long
ed. Inner lobe of maxilliped reaching slightly be- shorter outer ramus, with a short, stout median
than yond 1st endopod segment, apex carrying 2 short, spine on distal border; outer ramus % shorter
flat and lobe both spines a row of small setae; outer inner, distally truncate and moderately spiny.
reaching beyond middle of 2nd endopod segment, Third uropod with a broadly oval peduncle, longer
armed broadly oval, armed with 12 flat, pectinate spines; than the subequal rami, with a group of
palp rather small and 4-segmented, 3rd segment spines on apices.
with a conspicuous distal cluster of setae, 4th
segment conical. Remarks. — In general appearance these speci-
small; basis show close resemblance of Gnathopod 1 proximally very nar- mens to species Eurys-
distal ischium theus is evident in the of the row, outer margin faintly crenate; as particularly shape
short and squarish; merus oblong-oval, longer than 3rd uropod and telson, and in the palp of the ischium, distally pointed and with a submarginal mandible. However, the 6-segmented accessory
circlet of spine-setae; carpus subequal in length to flagellum of 1st antenna, and the comparatively
propodus, distally broader than propodus, inner short and stout flagellum of the 2nd antenna, are with fascicles unlike of other known of margin fringed of pectinate and quite those any species
simple spine-setae; propodus oval, strongly setose; Eurystheus. The gnathopods are also extremely
palm almost continuous with inner border, but setose and the peraeopods show a superficial
with defining spine; dactylus curved and reaching resemblance to those of species of Ampithoe
beyond the defining spine, its inner border armed Leach, 1813.
with a row of denticles. Gnathopod 2 large, chelate The structure of the 2nd gnathopod and the
and strongly setose; basis proximally very narrow; stoutness of the 2nd antennal flagellum seems to
merus nearly oval, longer than ischium, rounded indicate that this species is a typical member of distal with circlet of part a submarginal setae; the genus Adulla Chevreux, 1901. But, as J. L.
inner border there carpus triangular, very short; propo- Barnard (1965: 533) pointed out, are a num- dus very massive, both margins heavily setose, ber of species of Eurystheus possessing a 2nd
into lobe inner distally produced a blunt, triangular gnathopod approaching the transverse palm and condition of Adulla. with a sloping inner margin; palm very short; even the semichelate Hence,
of the 2nd antennal which dactylus strong, overlapping and reaching the lobe the stoutness flagellum,
of with is minor of doubtful propodus, a concavity followed by a pro- a quantitative feature,
distinction be- minent bulge near the finger hinge, inner border generic value, alone remains as a
dentate. Peraeopods 1 and 2 stout and sparsely tween the two related genera. If otherwise, the the setose; basis widening distally; ischium % shorter present species is a true Adulla; but for pre-
Barnard, it under than merus; merus distally expanding; carpus sent, following I am describing subequal in length to merus, margins convex; pro- Eurystheus.
slender than In the 6th and 7th of the podus narrowing distally, longer car- shape, segments pus; dactylus % as long as propodus, slightly cur- male 2nd gnathopod of E. anomalus sp. n. show
ved but and pointed. Peraeopod 3 larger; basis some- close similarity to E. lina Kunkel, 1910, are what broad; ischium much stout. Adulla small; merus and carpus more Obviously, chelifer
nearly oblong, former longer and distally expand- Chevreux, 1901, Eurystheus semichelatus K. H.
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13. anomalus 3. Fig. Eurystheus sp. n., , 4.4. mm. A, 1; E, uropod 2; F, uropod
gnathopod2; B, peraeopod 1; C, peraeopod 3; D, uropod
Barnard, 1957, Eurystheus lina Kunkel, 1910, and rostrate; ocular lobes moderately produced and
the species are close and round-oval and reddish-brown. Pe- present very may perhaps angular; eyes form under a subgenus Eurystheus. raeon segments successively becoming longer, the
last 3 subequal in length. Anterior 2 pleon seg- Genus Cheiriphotis Walker, 19Q4 ments subsimilar; 3rd longer, lower margins in all Cheiriphotis megacheles (Giles, 1885). Fig. 14. distal borders of 1 and 2 convex, segments bul- Melita megacheles Giles, 1885: 70, pi. 3. ging and armed with a few setules in the lower Eurystheus hirsutus Giles, 1887: 227, pi. 8; Stebbing, of 3rd somewhat 1906: 615. part, postero-lateral angle up-
small tooth and hind Cheiriphotis megacheles Walker, 1904: 284, pi. 6 fig. turned, carrying a a setule,
42; Stebbing, 1910: 461; Pirlot, 1938: 345; K. H. Barnard, border bulging; segments 4 to 6 together about 1937: 167—168, 14; K. H. Barnard, Pillai, fig. 1940: 480; 4th its 5th short- as long as 3rd; nearly y2 length; 1957: 57—58, fig. 15; Nayar, 1959: 33, pi. 11 figs. 23—25; est, together with 6th subequal in length to 4th. J. L. Barnard, 1962: 17, fig. 4- Telson roughly rectangular, broader than long, Cheiriphotis durbanensis K. H. Barnard, 1916: 247— with distal median lateral 249. a slight projection,
Cheiriphotis delloyei Pirlot, 1934: 231 100. —235, fig. angles with a bunch of setae. Coxae small; 1st
Material. — 4 males and females with setae; 2nd 2 were obtained from anteriorly produced, fringed long
the inshore plankton collected at Thankasserry, Quilon, subrectangular, lower margin setose; 3rd and 4th Kerala. subsimilar, round-oval; 5th and 6th faintly bilo-
Male. — 7.1 7th Length mm. Body slender and conspi- bed. former deeper; coxa very small, nearly cuously pigmented; cephalon subequal in length rectangular, front and hind margins armed with
to anterior 2 peraeon segments combined, non- a row of setules.
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Fig. 14. Cheiriphotis megacheles (Giles, 1885). A—K, , opod 3; H, peraeopod 5; I, uropod 1; J, uropod 2; K,
antenna 7.1 mm: A, telson; B, antenna 1; C, 2; D, uropod 3.
1; E, 2; 1; G, L, 3.5 mm: 2. gnathopod gnathopod F, peraeopod perae- , gnathopod
ob- Antennae subsimilar and moderately setose. shorter than merus; merus triangular, carpus
Segment 1 of peduncle of 1st antenna subequal long-oval, % the length of basis, inner margin
in length to 2nd segment, but wider; 3rd more than very setose; propodus subequal to carpus in length,
l the of the inner /2 length 2nd; flagellum nearly as long as abruptly widening towards palm, margin
the last 2 peduncular segments combined and 10- merging into the oblique, minutely serrate palm;
segmented; accessory flagellum 3-segmented and palm ill-defined, moderately setose and with 2
first combined. as long as 2 flagellar segments spines, one proximal and the other distal; dacty-
Ultimate and penultimate segments of peduncle lus % length of propodus, curved inner margin of 2nd antenna subsimilar; flagellum longer than serrate and with a row of small spines. Second last than basis last peduncular segment and 6-segmented, gnathopod very much longer 1st; short,
of and segment ending in 2 claw-like spines. nearly as long as inner margin propodus
Mouth parts normal. Number of setae on inner poorly armed; ischium transversely rectangular;
about l lobe of 1st maxilla variable. merus /2 as long as basis and somewhat
First gnathopod small; basis nearly as long as oblong; carpus completely fused with the massive next 3 segments combined; ischium squarish, propodus; propodus subquadrate, longer than
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wide, outer margin / longer than inner, uni- length the of this species and commen- 3 synonymy and with 2. formly convex fringed a row of plumose ted on the variations of gnathopod My speci-
border have the 2 setae, inner nearly straight, ending in a mens propodus of gnathopod exactly
sharp, spine-like tooth; palm sub-transverse and similar to those illustrated by Walker (1904) and
irregular, sparsely setose, sinuous in the middle and Pillai (1957). The figures of the male gnathopod
with 3 broad, flattened tooth-like projections; dac- given by K. H. Barnard (1937), Pirlot (1938), and
tylus stout and curved, as long as palm, inner J. L. Barnard (1962) are different mainly in the
is shorter margin irregular, a little sinuous near base and fact that the inner border of the propodus
in Pirlot's with a row of spinules. Peraeopods 1 and 2 sub- and the palm rather oblique, more so
basis in and Barnard's In similar, 1st larger; as 2nd gnathopod. J. L. specimens. fully adult males,
broader and shorter than 3 the inner border of the is rather distally next segments propodus long the in view the combined; merus more than of and palm nearly transverse. But of y2 length basis,
distal is these outer part projecting and armed with a row finding that C. megacheles polymorphic,
of about variations not of pectinate setae; carpus % shorter than are any significance. My speci-
x of basis, nar- mens are much like the merus; propodus oblong, /2 length very type.
rowing distally; dactylus % as long as propodus, As observed by J. L. Barnard (1962), the
curved and unarmed. absence of inner in Peraeopods 3 to 5 progres- presence or an ramus uropod
sively increasing in length; basis highly expanded, 3 has now assumed some importance. Walker has
tubercle in 3rd about as long as broad, both borders with described a spiniferous as representing
the inner K. H. Barnard has shown long setae; carpus rectangular, subequal to merus ramus; a spine,
in length; propodus shorter than basis, inner border but makes no mention of the ramus. J. L. Barnard
has 3rd with a few spines and outer with an apical cluster illustrated a distinctly biramous uropod.
of x show inner the setae; dactylus upcurved and about length of My specimens a distal spine on /2 propodus. Peraeopods 4 and 5 subsimilar, armed peduncle of the 3rd uropod, which hardly seems to the reduced inner L. like 3rd; 5th extending beyond uropods, basis lon- represent ramus. However, J. Barnard's observation that adults of- ger than broad and longer than next 2 segments Cheiriphotis
combined, ten loose one ramus of 3, seems be cor- merus and carpus subsimilar and uropod to
rectangular, propodus longer than basis, dactylus rect since my specimens, like those of Pillai, are in x those K. H. Bar- as 3rd peraeopod and less than of above 7 mm, while of Walker, /2 length nard and L. Barnard about half the propodus. J. are only
Uropods 1 and 2 subsimilar; 1st larger, peduncle size of the present specimens.
and rami subequal in length and spiny. Peduncle
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS of 2nd uropod with a tooth-like prominence on
distal margin, rami subequal in length and shorter to to The writer wishes express his gratitude Dr. N. than peduncle. Third uropod uniramous, peduncle Krishna Pillai, Reader in Marine Biology, University of than distal of inner border with longer ramus, part Kerala, for suggesting this problem, for his guidance
and The a stiff spine, inner margin of ramus with 2 spines, encouragement throughout its development.
author also records his to Dr. J. L. with and few grateful appreciation apex 1 spine a seta. Barnard, Curator of Crustacea, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, for his sustained help and interest in this
Female. — 3.5 2 much Length mm. Gnathopod investigation. The assistance rendered by Mr. P. V.
smaller and well formed and Ramachandran Nair of the Central Marine Fisheries at more setose; carpus
and Mr. K. R. Purushothaman Nair of the triangular, inner margin setose, short and lobe- Mandapam, S.N. Marine Station col- College at Quilon, during my like; propodus subovate, outer border twice length lection tours, is warmly appreciated. of inner, latter ending in a small distal tooth; This study was performed during the tenancy of a 2 the palm oblique, with triangular elevations, Government of India research scholarship. I thank the
the Kerala proximal one carrying a strong spine; dactylus Government for the award and University of for and providing space equipment. more slender than in male and overreaching distal thanks to Professor J. H. Finally, my go especially tooth on inner border. Stock of the Institute of Taxonomie Zoology, University
of Amsterdam, for helping me in the publication of this
Remarks. — K. H. Barnard discussed at (1937) paper.
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