DOCSLIB.ORG

China in the Arctic and the Opportunities and Challenges for Chinese-Finnish Arctic Co-Operation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
China in the Arctic and the Opportunities and Challenges for Chinese-Finnish Arctic Co-Operation Timo Koivurova, Liisa Kauppila, Sanna Kopra, Marc Lanteigne, Mingming Shi, Malgorzata (Gosia) Smieszek, and Adam Stepien, in co-operation with Juha Käpylä, Harri Mikkola, Egill Þór Níelsson and Matti Nojonen China in the Arctic and the Opportunities and Challenges for Chinese-Finnish Arctic Co-operation February 2019 Publication series of the Government’s analysis, assessment and research activities 8/2019 DESCRIPTION Publisher and release date Prime Minister´s Office, 12.2.2019 Authors Timo Koivurova, Liisa Kauppila, Sanna Kopra, Marc Lanteigne, Mingming Shi, Malgorzata (Gosia) Smieszek, and Adam Stepien, in co-operation with Juha Käpylä, Harri Mikkola, Egill Þór Níelsson and Matti Nojonen Title of publication China in the Arctic; and the Opportunities and Challenges for Chinese- Finnish Arctic Co-operation Name of series and number Publications of the Government´s analysis, assessment and research of publication activities 8/2019 Keywords Arctic, Belt and Road, China, Climate, Environment, Finland, Investment, Power, Research, Resources, Shipping, Strategy, Tourism Release date February, 2019 Pages 106 Language English Abstract The Arctic region is rapidly transforming from a peripheral region to a global theatre with an increasing number of non-Arctic stakeholders. One illustration of this transformation process is the growing presence of China in the Arctic. This report first discusses China’s changing role in global affairs (Chapter 1). This provides background for exploring China’s interests, role and presence in the Arctic. The study of China’s presence in the region is carried out through the lens of the Chinese government’s four priority areas towards the region as expressed in the country’s first official Arctic statement – the White Paper – from January 2018 (Chapter 2). Further, Chinese interests and actions in the Arctic are studied from the viewpoint of one particular Arctic State, Finland. The authors provide an overview of a broad spectrum of Chinese-Finnish interactions in different contexts, including investments in Northern Finland and co-operation within the areas of Finnish Arctic expertise and research. In addition, concerns and risks related to interaction with Chinese actors are discussed (Chapter 3). Over the past decade, China has undertaken an effort to demonstrate its growing knowledge of, and commitment to, the Arctic region. Some actors and experts are concerned about China’s aims and actions in the region, while others express hope for Chinese institutions, investors and companies to contribute to regional development and knowledge-building. The report presents a balanced and multifaceted, although necessarily not fully comprehensive, picture of China’s rise as an actor in the Arctic. This publication is part of the implementation of the Government Plan for Analysis, Assessment and Research for 2016 (tietokayttoon.fi/en). The content is the responsibility of the producers of the information and does not necessarily represent the view of the Government. 1 KUVAILULEHTI Julkaisija ja julkaisuaika Valtioneuvoston kanslia, 12.2.2019 Tekijät Timo Koivurova, Liisa Kauppila, Sanna Kopra, Marc Lanteigne, Mingming Shi, Malgorzata (Gosia) Smieszek ja Adam Stepien, yhteistyössä Juha Käpylän, Harri Mikkolan, Egill Þór Níelssonin, ja Matti Nojosen kanssa Julkaisun nimi Kiina arktisella alueella; ja mahdollisuudet ja haasteet Kiinan ja Suomen Arktisessa yhteistyössä Julkaisusarjan nimi ja Valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimustoiminnan julkaisusarja 8/2019 numero Asiasanat Arktis, Belt and Road, ilmasto, investointi, merenkulku, resurssit, strategia, Suomi, turismi, tutkimus, valta, ympäristö Julkaisuaika Helmikuu, 2019 Sivuja 106 Kieli englanti Tiivistelmä Arktinen alue on nopeasti muuttumassa syrjäseudusta globaalisti tärkeäksi alueeksi. Perinteisten arktisten toimijoiden lisäksi alueella on enenevässä määrin ei-arktisia sidosryhmiä. Hyvä esimerkki tästä on Kiinan lisääntyvä läsnäolo Arktisella alueella. Tämä raportti käy ensin läpi Kiinan muuttuvan roolin kansainvälisissä suhteissa (luku 1). Tämä mahdollistaa Kiinan intressien, roolin ja läsnäolon tarkemman tutkimisen alueella. Kiinan läsnäoloa arktiksella tutkitaan neljän Kiinan itselleen asettamaan prioriteettialueen kautta (luku 2). Kiina hyväksyi nämä prioriteetit ensimmäisessä arktisessa strategiassaan tammikuussa 2018. Kiinan intressejä ja toimia arktisella tutkitaan myös yhden arktisen valtion, Suomen, kannalta. Kirjoittajat käyvät läpi Kiinan ja Suomen vuorovaikutusta erilaisissa konteksteissa mukaan lukien Pohjois-Suomeen tehdyt investoinnit tai yhteistyön Suomen arktisessa osaamisessa ja tutkimuksessa. Lisäksi raportti nostaa esiin erilaisia huolenaiheita ja riskejä, jotka liittyvät kiinalaisiin toimijoihin. Viimeisen vuosikymmenen aikana Kiina on osoittanut, että se on sitoutunut arktiseen alueeseen ja että sillä on enenevässä määrin tietoa alueesta. Jotkut toimijat ja asiantuntijat ovat huolestuneet Kiinan tavoitteista ja toimista alueella, kun toisaalta samaan aikaan monet muut ovat toiveikkaita kiinalaisten instituutioiden, investoijien ja yritysten kykyyn tukea alueellista kehitystä ja tutkimusta. Raportti pyrkii antamaan tasapainoisen ja moniulotteisen, joskin väistämättä vaillinaisen, kuvan Kiinasta Arktisen alueen nousevana toimijana. Tämä julkaisu on toteutettu osana valtioneuvoston vuoden 2016 selvitys- ja tutkimussuunnitelman toimeenpanoa (tietokayttoon.fi). Julkaisun sisällöstä vastaavat tiedon tuottajat, eikä tekstisisältö välttämättä edusta valtioneuvoston näkemystä. 2 PRESENTATIONSBLAD Utgivare & utgivningsdatum Statsrådets kansli, 12.2.2019 Författare Timo Koivurova, Liisa Kauppila, Sanna Kopra, Marc Lanteigne, Mingming Shi, Malgorzata (Gosia) Smieszek, och Adam Stepien, i samarbete med with Juha Käpylä, Harri Mikkola, Egill Þór Níelsson, and Matti Nojonen Publikationens namn Kina i Arktis; samt möjligheter och utmaningar för finskt-kinesiskt samarbete Publikationsseriens namn Publikationsserie för statsrådets utrednings- och forskningsverksamhet och nummer 8/2019 Nyckelord Arktis, Belt and Road, energi, forskning, Finland, frakt, investering, Kina, klimat, miljö, resurser, strategi, turism Utgivningsdatum Februari, 2019 Sidantal 106 Språk engelska Sammandrag Arktiska området håller på och genomgår en snabb förvandling från ett perifert område till en internationell scen med en snabbt ökande siffra av icke-arktiska aktörer. Kinas ökande närvaro i arktiska områden exemplifierar bra den här utvecklingen. Denna rapport diskuterar i första hand Kinas skiftande roll i globala angelägenheter (Kapitel 1). Detta ger en helhetsbild av Kinas intressen, roll och närvaro i det arktiska området. Denna forskning i Kinas närvarande i regionen framskrider ur en synvinkel av Kinas regerings fyra prioriteter i regionen så som de framställdes i landets första officiella arktiska redovisning - det Vita Pappret från Januari 2018 (Kapitel 2). Dessvärre forskas Kinas intressen specifikt ur den Finska statens synvinkel. Författarna uträttar genom en vid synvinkel om finsk-kinesiskt samspel i många olika kontext, bland annat genom att ta upp kinesiska investeringar i norra Finland, samt landets samarbete med finska experter i arktisk undersökning. Dessutom diskuteras samtliga oro ämnen och risker i samband med kinesiska aktörer (Kapitel 3). Under det senaste årtiondet har Kina engagerat sig genom att klarlägga sin ökande kunskap och fortsatta engagemang i den arktiska regionen. Samtliga aktörer har därmed uttryckt oro över Kinas möjliga syfte och ageringar i området, medan andra hoppas på regional utveckling samt satsning i gemensamt framväxande kunskap när kinesiska institutioner, investerare och företag medverkar i området. Rapporten framstår som en fullt nödvändig, trots inte helt komplett, dock balanserad och mångsidig inblick i Kinas framskrid som en aktör i det arktiska området. Den här publikation är en del i genomförandet av statsrådets utrednings- och forskningsplan för 2016 (tietokayttoon.fi/sv). De som producerar informationen ansvarar för innehållet i publikationen. Textinnehållet återspeglar inte nödvändigtvis statsrådets ståndpunkt 3 The report China in the Arctic;and the Opportunities and Challenges for Chinese-Finnish Arctic Co-operation was produced as a part of a project "Suomen puheenjohtajuus arktisessa neuvostossa kasvaneen epävarmuuden aikakaudella" (Finland's Arctic Council chairmanship in the times of increasing uncertainty). The project is funded by the Finland's Prime Minister's Office as part of the Government’s analysis, assessment and research activities (2016). It is implemented jointly by the Arctic Centre of the University of Lapland, the Finnish Institute of International Affairs and the Marine Research Centre of the Finnish Environment Institute. Professor Timo Koivurova is a director of the Arctic Centre of the University of Lapland. His expertise covers, among others, Arctic legal and governance questions, international environmental law and indigenous rights. He is one of the key scholars dealing with the Arctic regional cooperation, including in particular the Arctic Council. M.Soc.Sc., futurist Liisa Kauppila is finalizing her PhD dissertation at the University of Turku. Drawing from her academic background in East Asian Studies, Futures Studies and Politics and History, Kauppila’s thesis explores rising China’s role in the processes of Arctic regionalisation. Her research interests cover China’s political economy, relational theory of IR and experimental methods of futures research. Sanna Kopra is a postdoctoral
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Case Study of Jining Religions in the Late Imperial and Republican Periods
    www.ccsenet.org/ach Asian Culture and History Vol. 4, No. 2; July 2012 Pluralism, Vitality, and Transformability: A Case Study of Jining Religions in the Late Imperial and Republican Periods Jinghao Sun1 1 History Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China Correspondence: Jinghao Sun, History Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China. Tel: 86-150-2100-6037. E-mail: [email protected] Received: March 12, 2012 Accepted: June 4, 2012 Online Published: July 1, 2012 doi:10.5539/ach.v4n2p16 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v4n2p16 The final completion and publication of this article was supported by the New Century Program to Promote Excellent University Talents (no.: NECJ-10-0355). Abstract This article depicts the dynamic demonstrations of religions in late imperial and republican Jining. It argues with evidences that the open, tolerant and advanced urban circumstances and atmosphere nurtured the diversity and prosperity of formal religions in Jining in much of the Ming and Qing periods. It also argues that the same air and ethos enabled Jining to less difficultly adapt to the West-led modern epoch, with a notable result of welcoming Christianity, quite exceptional in hinterland China. Keywords: Jining, religions, urban, Grand Canal, hinterland, Christianity I. Introduction: A Special Case beyond Conventional Scholarly Images It seems a commonplace that intellectual and religious beliefs and practices in imperial Chinese inlands were conservative, which encouraged orthodoxy ideology or otherwise turned to heretic sectarianism. It is also commonplace that in the post-Opium War modern era, hinterland China, while being sluggishly appropriated into Westernized modernization, persistently resisted the penetration of Western values and institutes including Christianity.
    [Show full text]
  • Finland Bilateral Relations Finland and India Have Traditionally Enjoyed
    March 2021 Ministry of External Affairs **** India – Finland Bilateral Relations Finland and India have traditionally enjoyed warm and friendly relations. In recent years, bilateral relations have acquired diversity with collaboration in research, innovation, and investments by both sides. The Indian community in Finland is vibrant and well-placed. Indian culture and yoga are very popular in Finland. 2019 marked 70 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries. High-level visits - Prime Ministers • Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Finland in 1957 • Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi in 1983. • Prime Minister Pt. Manmohan Singh in 2006. • Mr. Vieno Johannes Sukselainen in 1960 - First Prime Minister of Finland • Prime Minister Mr. Kalevi Sorsa in 1984. • Prime Minister Mr. Matti Vanhanen visited India in March 2006, February 2008 and February 2010 (last two occasions to attend Delhi Sustainable Development Summit). • Prime Minister Mr. Juha Sipilä: Feb 2016 (for Make in India week) Presidential Visits • President of Finland Mr. Urho Kekkonen in 1965 • President Mr. Mauno Koivisto in 1987 • President Mr. Martti Ahtisaari in 1996. • President Mrs. Tarja Halonen in January 2007, February 2009 and February 2012 to attend the Delhi Sustainable Development Summit. • President Shri V.V. Giri in 1971 • President Shri R. Venkataraman in 1988. • President Shri Pranab Mukherjee: October 2014 President Shri Pranab Mukherjee, paid a State Visit to Finland on 14-16 October 2014 accompanied by Minister of State for Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, four Members of Parliament, Officials, academicians and a business delegation. Agreements for cooperation in New and Renewable Energy, Biotechnology, Civil Nuclear Research, Meteorology, Healthcare and Education were signed during the visit.
    [Show full text]
  • Deng Xiaoping in the Making of Modern China
    Teaching Asia’s Giants: China Crossing the River by Feeling the Stones Deng Xiaoping in the Making of Modern China Poster of Deng Xiaoping, By Bernard Z. Keo founder of the special economic zone in China in central Shenzhen, China. he 9th of September 1976: The story of Source: The World of Chinese Deng Xiaoping’s ascendancy to para- website at https://tinyurl.com/ yyqv6opv. mount leader starts, like many great sto- Tries, with a death. Nothing quite so dramatic as a murder or an assassination, just the quiet and unassuming death of Mao Zedong, the founding father of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). In the wake of his passing, factions in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) competed to establish who would rule after the Great Helmsman. Pow- er, after all, abhors a vacuum. In the first corner was Hua Guofeng, an unassuming functionary who had skyrocketed to power under the late chairman’s patronage. In the second corner, the Gang of Four, consisting of Mao’s widow, Jiang September 21, 1977. The Qing, and her entourage of radical, leftist, Shanghai-based CCP officials. In the final corner, Deng funeral of Mao Zedong, Beijing, China. Source: © Xiaoping, the great survivor who had experi- Keystone Press/Alamy Stock enced three purges and returned from the wil- Photo. derness each time.1 Within a month of Mao’s death, the Gang of Four had been imprisoned, setting up a showdown between Hua and Deng. While Hua advocated the policy of the “Two Whatev- ers”—that the party should “resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave”—Deng advocated “seek- ing truth from facts.”2 At a time when China In 1978, some Beijing citizens was reexamining Mao’s legacy, Deng’s approach posted a large-character resonated more strongly with the party than Hua’s rigid dedication to Mao.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Low Profile and Bridge-Building: Finnish Foreign Policy During Mauno Koivisto's Presidency
    Strategic Low Profile and Bridge-Building: Finnish Foreign Policy during Mauno Koivisto's Presidency Michiko Takagi Graduate Student of Nagoya University 1. Introduction This paper focuses on Finnish foreign policy conducted by Mauno Koivisto, who was the President of Finland between 1981 and 1994. In the beginning of 80s when he took office as president, relationship between superpowers was aggravated and the international tension flared up again, just called as “New Cold War”. However, after the change of political leader of the Soviet Union in 1985, the East and West tension relieved drastically, which eventually led to the end of the Cold War and reunification of Germany. Furthermore, a number of remarkable transformations in Europe began to occur, such as democratization in East European states, collapse of the Soviet Union and acceleration of European economic and political integration. During the Cold War, Finland maintained its independence by implementing “good-neighboring policies” towards the Soviet Union based on YYA treaty, bilateral military treaty with the Soviet Union (1948)1）, on the other hand, in spite of this, by pursuing policy of neutrality. In the period of “Détente” of 70s, Urho Kekkonen, the President of Finland at the time, carried out policy of active neutrality, which culminated in success of “Helsinki Process” in 1975 and this Finnish policy of bridge-building between East and West increased its presence in the international community. However, Finnish position and presence as a neutral country fluctuated during the “New Cold War” and the following end of the Cold War. This 1） The Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (Sopimus ystävyydestä, yhteistoiminnasta ja keskinäisestä avunannosta).
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    INDEX Aodayixike Qingzhensi Baisha, 683–684 Abacus Museum (Linhai), (Ordaisnki Mosque; Baishui Tai (White Water 507 Kashgar), 334 Terraces), 692–693 Abakh Hoja Mosque (Xiang- Aolinpike Gongyuan (Olym- Baita (Chowan), 775 fei Mu; Kashgar), 333 pic Park; Beijing), 133–134 Bai Ta (White Dagoba) Abercrombie & Kent, 70 Apricot Altar (Xing Tan; Beijing, 134 Academic Travel Abroad, 67 Qufu), 380 Yangzhou, 414 Access America, 51 Aqua Spirit (Hong Kong), 601 Baiyang Gou (White Poplar Accommodations, 75–77 Arch Angel Antiques (Hong Gully), 325 best, 10–11 Kong), 596 Baiyun Guan (White Cloud Acrobatics Architecture, 27–29 Temple; Beijing), 132 Beijing, 144–145 Area and country codes, 806 Bama, 10, 632–638 Guilin, 622 The arts, 25–27 Bama Chang Shou Bo Wu Shanghai, 478 ATMs (automated teller Guan (Longevity Museum), Adventure and Wellness machines), 60, 74 634 Trips, 68 Bamboo Museum and Adventure Center, 70 Gardens (Anji), 491 AIDS, 63 ack Lakes, The (Shicha Hai; Bamboo Temple (Qiongzhu Air pollution, 31 B Beijing), 91 Si; Kunming), 658 Air travel, 51–54 accommodations, 106–108 Bangchui Dao (Dalian), 190 Aitiga’er Qingzhen Si (Idkah bars, 147 Banpo Bowuguan (Banpo Mosque; Kashgar), 333 restaurants, 117–120 Neolithic Village; Xi’an), Ali (Shiquan He), 331 walking tour, 137–140 279 Alien Travel Permit (ATP), 780 Ba Da Guan (Eight Passes; Baoding Shan (Dazu), 727, Altitude sickness, 63, 761 Qingdao), 389 728 Amchog (A’muquhu), 297 Bagua Ting (Pavilion of the Baofeng Hu (Baofeng Lake), American Express, emergency Eight Trigrams; Chengdu), 754 check
    [Show full text]
  • The Spreading of Christianity and the Introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949)
    Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Programa de doctorado en Concervación y Restauración del Patrimonio Architectónico The Spreading of Christianity and the introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949) Christian churches and traditional Chinese architecture Author: Shan HUANG (Architect) Director: Antonio LOPERA (Doctor, Arquitecto) 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día de de 20 . Presidente: Vocal: Vocal: Vocal: Secretario: Suplente: Suplente: Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día de de 20 en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. Calificación:………………………………. El PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO Index Index Abstract Resumen Introduction General Background........................................................................................... 1 A) Definition of the Concepts ................................................................ 3 B) Research Background........................................................................ 4 C) Significance and Objects of the Study .......................................... 6 D) Research Methodology ...................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Chinese traditional architecture 1.1 The concept of traditional Chinese architecture ......................... 13 1.2 Main characteristics of the traditional Chinese architecture .... 14 1.2.1 Wood was used as the main construction materials ........ 14 1.2.2
    [Show full text]
  • Onko Strategioista Tullut Tragedioita?
    RIMPELÄ, RIMPELÄ JA HEINISUO JA RIMPELÄ, RIMPELÄ Matti Rimpelä, Markku Rimpelä Mitä kuntastrategioissa sanotaan lapsiperheiden hyvin voinnista? ja Juuso Heinisuo Löytyykö lukuisista asiakirjoista ymmärrettäviä punaisia lankoja? Onko strategiatyö edistänyt lasten hyvinvointia? altion velvoittamana kunnat ovat tuottaneet lukuisia strategia-asiakirjoja, joissa hyväntahtoiset toiveet ja väljät TRAGEDIOITA? TULLUT STRATEGIOISTA ONKO Vtavoitteet yhdistyvät palvelukehittämisen yksityiskohtiin. Onko Toteutumista ei ole seurattu eikä vaikutuksia analysoitu. Punaisia lankoja ei helposti löydy. Onko työ ollut turhaa? Sote-hallintoreformissa yli 80 prosenttia lapsiperheiden tuen strategioista voima varoista jää kuntaan. Erilliset lapsiperhestrategiat tulee yhdistää osaksi kuntastrategiaa. Erityisvelvoitteet on poistet- tava. Asia kirjojen tuottamisen rinnalle on saatava jatkuva tulok- tullut sellisuusdialogi ja kunnan oman toiminnan tuloksellisuudesta ja vaikutuksista on tuotettava informaatiota. tragedioita? Matti Rimpelä oli THL:n tutkimusprofessorina vuosina 1995– 2009. Lapsiperheet ja lapset Markku Rimpelä on toiminut Hämeenlinnan lasten ja nuorten kuntien strategiatyössä palvelujen tilaajajohtajana (2009–2017) ja strategiajohtajana vuodesta 2017 alkaen. Juuso Heinisuo on strategiapäällikkönä Hämeenlinnassa. KALEVI SORSA -SÄÄTIÖ KALEVI SORSA KALEVI SORSA -SÄÄTIÖ Onko strategioista tullut tragedioita? Matti Rimpelä, Markku Rimpelä ja Juuso Heinisuo Onko strategioista tullut tragedioita? Lapsiperheet ja lapset kuntien strategiatyössä KALEVI SORSA
    [Show full text]
  • The Shanghai Alleyway House: a Threatened Typology Gregory Bracken
    45 The Shanghai Alleyway House: A Threatened Typology Gregory Bracken The Shanghai alleyway house was a rich and main alleyway. Access to the alleyways was via a vibrant generator of street life.1 Unique to Shanghai, gate, which was closed at night. There were often it occupied the ambiguous space between the tradi- more gates, but as these tended to close at differ- tional Chinese courtyard home and the street. The ent times it meant that the alleyways, which could system of ‘graduated privacy’ within its alleyways act as excellent shortcuts, tended to be used only ensured a safe and neighbourly place to live.2 Due by those who knew them well, because if someone to rapid redevelopment in recent decades this once tried to get through a gate at the wrong time of day ubiquitous typology is under threat. This paper they could find their handy shortcut turned into an takes a look at the history of the typology as well annoying dead-end. as at three recent redevelopments of it in the city: Xintiandi, Jian Ye Li, and Tianzifang, to question The houses themselves were two to four storeys what future there can be for a typology that seems in height and varied in size and opulence, with the to have outlived its usefulness. basic unit being anything from 60 to just over 100 m2, typically with two rooms per floor. As the typology At a time when China was reeling from the humil- developed, this basic house type grew larger and iation of the ‘unequal treaties’, the city of Shanghai more elaborate, with the new-style alleyway house was producing a new and remarkable housing (which resembled a Western townhouse) and the typology: the alleyway house.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 Days 5 Nights Shantou / Chaozhou / Hua'an Tulou / Xiamen 汕头/ 潮州
    No 22 A (B) Jalan SJ6, Taman Selayang Jaya, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor. Office: +603-6127 0508 Fax: +603- 6128 0507 E-mail: [email protected] Website : www.dailyholidays.com.my 6 Days 5 Nights Shantou / Chaozhou / Hua’an Tulou / Xiamen 汕头 / 潮州 / 华安土楼 / 厦门 DAY 1 Arrival Shantou (D) 第 1 天 抵达汕头（晚餐） • Meet & greet in Shantou airport, transfer to hotel 抵达中国经济特区汕头，送往酒店入住. DAY 2 Shantou – Chaozhou - Shantou (B/L/D) 第 2 天 汕头-潮州-汕头（早/午/晚餐） • Xiangziqiao Bridge (outside only) 湘子桥(外观) • Guangji City Gate with buggy 游览潮州古城墙含电瓶车+广济城门 • Jiadi Lane 甲第巷 • Kaiyuan Temple 开元寺 • Paifang Walking Street 明清牌坊街 • Beach Gallery 海滨长廊 • People square 人民广场 • Laoma Palace 老妈宫 DAY 3 Shantou - Xiamen by high speed rail (B/L) 第 3 天 汕头乘搭高铁前往厦门（早/午餐） • Transfer to the ferry to Gulangyu 下午船赴“海上花园、音乐之乡”鼓浪屿 • Free shopping at Longtou Street 龙头路商业街自由购物 DAY 4 Xiamen - Hua’An Tulou - Xiamen (B/L/D) | 第 4 天 厦门-华安土楼-厦门 （早/午/晚餐） • Hua’an Dadi Tulou Cluster(Including buggy) 大地土楼群含电瓶车 • Eryilou 二宜楼 • Nanyanglou 南阳楼 • Dongyanglou 东阳楼 • Tulou Museum 土楼博物馆 DAY 5 Xiamen (B/L/D) 第 5 天 厦门 （早/午/晚餐） • Jimei school village 集美学村 • Longzhou Pond 龙舟池 • South Putuo Temple 南普陀寺 • Island Ring Road 车游海滨绿色长廊环岛路 • Enjoy a distance view of Xiamen University & Kinmen Island 外观厦门大学 & 远眺金门岛 • ZenCuoAn fishing Village 曾厝安文艺小渔村 DAY 6 Xiamen - Chaoshan - Shantou airport for departure (B) 第 6 天 厦门乘搭高铁前往汕头 - 启程回国 (早餐） • Transfer to airport 送机 *Sequence of itinerary subject to local arrangement* *Image Shown are for illustration purposes only* Travelling Period : 01 FEB 2020 – 31 DEC 2020 Ground
    [Show full text]
  • A Fugitive Success That Finland Is Quickly Becoming a Victim of Its Own Success
    Professor Charles Sabel from Columbia Law School and Professor AnnaLee Saxenian from UC Berkeley argue in their book A Fugitive Success that Finland is quickly becoming a victim of its own success. In recent decades Finnish firms in the forest products and telecommunications industries have become world leaders. But the kind of discipline that made this success possible, and the public policies that furthered it, is unlikely to secure it in the future. Efficiency improvements and incremental A Fugitive Success innovations along the current business trajectory will gradually lead these industries into a dead-end unless they use innovation as a vehicle for transforming themselves into new higher value businesses. Saxenian and Sabel raise some serious concerns about the readiness of these industries, and the Finnish innovation system as a whole, for the needed transformation. A Fugitive Success is required reading for A Fugitive Success those involved in the development of the Finnish innovation environment and Finland’s Economic Future implementing the new national innovation strategy. Charles Sabel and AnnaLee Saxenian Sitra Reports 80 Sitra Reports the Finnish Innovation Fund ISBN 978-951-563-639-3 Itämerentori 2, P.O. Box 160, FI-00181 Helsinki, Finland, www.sitra.fi/en ISSN 1457-5728 80 Telephone +358 9 618 991, fax +358 9 645 072 URL: http://www.sitra.fi A Fugitive Success Finland’s Economic Future Sitra Reports 80 A Fugitive Success Finland’s Economic Future Charles Sabel AnnaLee Saxenian Sitra • HelSinki 3 Sitra Reports 80 Layout: Sisko Honkala Cover picture: Shutterstock © Sabel, Saxenian and Sitra ISBN 978-951-563-638-6 (paperback) ISSN 1457-571X (paperback) ISBN 978-951-563-639-3 (URL:http://www.sitra.fi) ISSN 1457-5728 (URL:http://www.sitra.fi) The publications can be ordered from Sitra, tel.
    [Show full text]
  • Suomalaisia Muistitehtäviä Finnish Memory Exercises OLMES Minna
    Suomalaisia muistitehtäviä Finnish Memory exercises OLMES Minna Syrjäpalo-Lindfors, 2017 1 Kumpi ötökkä? / Which bug? 1 2 a. Omenaperhonen Sitruunaperhonen b. Juhannusturilas Vapputurilas c. Turvakas Kärsäkäs d. Sonnimuurahainen Hevosmuurahainen e. Jauhopukki Jauhopeikko f. Ristihämähäkki Ruutuhämähäkki g. Kirjansitoja Kirjanpainaja h. Vipeltäjä Kiitäjä i. Keltiäinen Ruskuainen j. Mettiäinen Sontiainen k. Neitoperhonen Äitiperhonen l. Sahurintäi Tukkimiehentäi m. Laulajasirkka Rukoilijasirkka n. Suruvaippa Suruverho Lähde: Mukaeltu Kirsti Koivulan teoksesta Taattu takatasku, 2006, s.10 Minna Syrjäpalo-Lindfors, 2017 2 Kumpi kasvi? / Which plant? 1 2 a. Hiirenputki Koiranputki b. Suolaheinä Hunajaheinä c. Verenpisara Merenpisara d. Papanhattu Ukonhattu e. Pronssipiisku Kultapiisku f. Töröhuuli Suukkosuu g. Maksaruoho Haimaruoho h. Strutsinpolvi Kurjenpolvi i. Kanankaali Kiinankaali j. Raita Rantu k. Tupakka Sikari l. Leopardinkita Leijonankita m. Oravanmarja Rusakonmarja n. Jäniksenkäpälä Kissankäpälä Lähde: Mukaeltu Kirsti Koivulan teoksesta: Taattu takatasku, 2006, s.11 Minna Syrjäpalo-Lindfors, 2017 3 Suomen presidentit aikajärjestyksessä / Presidents of Finland Ståhlberg, Kaarlo Juho 1919-1925 Relander, Lauri Kristian 1925-1931 Svinhufvud, Pehr Evind 1931-1937 Kallio, Kyösti 1937-1940 Ryti, Risto Heikki 1940-1944 Mannerheim, Carl Gustaf Emil 1944-1946 Paasikivi, Juho Kusti 1946-1956 Kekkonen, Urho Kaleva 1956-1982 Koivisto, Mauno Henrik 1982-1994 Ahtisaari, Martti Oiva Kalevi 1994-2000 Halonen, Tarja Kaarina 2000-2012 Niinistö, Sauli
    [Show full text]
  • Finland – 2018 Update
    Finland – 2018 update Bioenergy policies and status of implementation Country Reports IEA Bioenergy: 09 2018 This report was prepared from the 2018 OECD/IEA World Energy Balances, combined with data and information provided by the IEA Bioenergy Executive Committee and Task members. Reference is also made to Eurostat. All individual country reports were reviewed by the national delegates to the IEA Bioenergy Executive Committee, who have approved the content. General background on the approach and definitions can be found in the central introductory report1 for all country reports. Edited by: Luc Pelkmans, Technical Coordinator IEA Bioenergy Contributors: Lauri Kujanpää, Antti Arasto, VTT; Tapio Ranta, LUT NATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORK IN FINLAND Finland has committed itself to a target of 38% share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption in 2020, with a split in sectors as displayed in the table below. Table 1: Finland´s 2020 renewable energy targets Sector Share in gross final consumption per sector Overall target 38 % Heating and cooling 47 % Electricity 33 % Transport 20 % Source: National Renewable Energy Action Plan of Austria (2010)2 Feed-in premiums for electricity from wind, biogas and forest residues (chips or hog fuel from tops, branches, thinning wood and stumps) are an important instrument to reach the above mentioned targets. In order to avoid distortion of wood availability for industrial use, the feed-in premium is restricted to 60% if wood chips are made from larger stemwood (breast diameter > 16 cm). Investment support enhance new RES technology innovations. A special support is granted for investments with high risks and high cost (>EUR 5 million) e.g.
    [Show full text]